Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 
Volume XX 
1891 
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CATALOGUE 

OF THti 

BIRDS 


BRITISH MUSEUM. 

VOLUME XX. 


LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 


1801. 


CATALOGUE 

OF THE 

PSITTACI, OE PARBOTS, 


IN THE 

COLLECTION 

OF THE 

BRITISH MUSEUM. 

BY 

T. SALVADOR!, 
LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 


SOLD BY 
LONGMANS & Co., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW; 
B. QUARTICH, 15 PICCADILLY; ASHER & Co., 13 BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN ; 
KEG-AN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER, & Co., PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHABING CBOSS KOAI>; 
AND AT THE 
BRITIS H MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.tt\ 


1891. 

PItlNTKD BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, 
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 


PEEEACE 

THE collection of Parrots in the British Museum is not so extensive 
or complete as that of the families treated of in the preceding 
volumes. It was therefore particularly fortunate that for the 
preparation of the present volume the aid of Count Salvadori was 
secured, who combines with his great general experience a special 
acquaintance with the species in the Italian collections, which in 
borne measure supplement that of the British Museum. I have 

great pleasure in acknowledging the conscientious care which he 

has bestowed on this, as on all his previous ornithological publica


tions, and the attention which he has given to the purely curatorial 

part of the work. 

ALBEET GUNTHER, 

Keeper of the Department of Zoology. 

British Museum (N. H.)» 
Dec. 13, 1891. 

INTBODUCTION. 


I N the spring of 1889 I was asked by Dr. Giinther to undertake the 
volume of the Catalogue containing an account of the Parrots; and 
now, after more than, two years and a half, my work is completed. 

The materials I have had to deal with, although very large, and 
no doubt the most extensive existing in any Museum, are much less 
complete than those belonging to other groups of birds; and I do 
not consider them adequate either for affording a solid base to a 
general classification of Parrots, or for fully illustrating the different 
stages of many of the species. 

The number of specimens contained in the British Museum is 

5113, belonging to 450 species, whilst 49 are not represented in 

the Museum; so that the total number of species admitted in the 

present Catalogue is 499, of which 13 are now described for the first 

time *. The number of apparently good species represented by 

their types is 108, besides 47 others now relegated to the synonymy. 

Out of these 5113 specimens 118 are osteological preparations, be


longing to 53 species. 

Owing to the liberality of Messrs. Hume and Grodman and Salvin, 

the Indian and Mexican species are very complete; also the South-

American series is very rich as regards the number of species; but 

the African, the Austro-Malayan, and especially the Australian 

series, are far from being complete, and often insufficient to give an 

idea of the different stages, of the sexual differences, or of the 

geographical distribution. Perhaps twice as many specimens are 

required, properly sexed and from reliable localities; skeletons of 

each species will also be required before the Collection can be con


sidered sufficient for a complete study of Parrots. 

* There are also about 14 species and subspecies which I have not been able 
to identify; the descriptions of these will be found in footnotes at their proper 
places. 
INTRODUCTION. 

V1X1 

It is well known to Ornithologists that the Classification of 
Parrots has been a very difficult problem; and I am sorry to say 
that I cannot offer results which will settle the question. Those 
at which Mr. Garrod * arrived are far from being satisfactory. 

The classification I have followed in this volume agrees to a certain 

extent with that of Sundevallt, who divided the Parrots into Psittaci 
proprii and Psittaci orthognathi. As to the families, I have found 
that those admitted by Dr. Eeichenow in his excellent ' Conspectus 
Psittacorum' J are the most natural and can be defined without 
much difficulty ; in a few points I had to differ from him: I have 
withdrawn the genus Nestor from the Cacatuidce, and made it the 
type of a distinct family, as has been already proposed by others; 
from the Cacatuidce I have separated also the genus Dasypiilus 
and united it with the Psittacince (restricted), although I am not 
quite sure about this being the right place. Moreover, the genera 
Polytelis, Ptistes, Aprosmictus, and Pyrrhidopsis, having a well-
formed furcula, have been separated by me from the Platycercince 
and arranged with the Palteomith'mce, and the genera Pezoporus and 
Geopsittacus have been again united with the PZatycercincp, leaving 
the genus Stringops only in the String opidce. A peculiar feature in 
my classification is the establishment of the family Cyclopsiitacklce, 
which is not equivalent with Dr. Eeichenow's 2Iicropsittacirta>. The 
under surface of the hook of the bill without file-like sculpture in 
the species of the genera Neopsittacus and Cyclopsittacus separates 
them from all the other Psittaci proprii and a|3proaehes them to the 
Psittaci orthognathi; when the structure of their tongue is known, 

we shall be able to understand better their true affinities. 

Although I think that the families and subfamilies admitted 
by me are fairly definable, I must confess that my arrangement 
does not bring us nearer to an understanding of the mutual or 
phylogeneti<? relations of the different families. A complete study 
of the internal structure of the Parrots will, perhaps, throw the 
requisite light on the subject. 

* 
"On some Points in the Anatomy of the Parrots which bear on the 
Classification of the Suborder" 
(P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 586-598). 
t ' Method! naturalis Avium disponenclarum tentamen,' 1872, pp. 68-72. 
J Journal fur Ornithologie, 1881. 

INTRODUCTION'. 

I cannot finish, these introductory remarks without acknowledging 
the great assistance I have derived from Dr. Pirtscifs work ' Die 
Papageien'; this is one of the best ornithological works which has 
ever been published, and the care bestowed by Dr. Finsch on the 
historical part of the species cannot be too highly appreciated. 
Unfortunately Dr. Finsch was misled in many cases by the idea 
that the sexes were alike. In my opinion, also, Dr. Finsch did not 
pay the necessary attention to the less conspicuous differences connected 
with geographical distribution, so that he often united species 
which are to be recognized as distinct. 

I have to acknowledge also the assistance I have received from 
many friends, and to return them my best thanks; I wish particularly 
to mention Mr. Salvin, Dr. Sclater, Mr. Seebohm, Prof. Newton, 
Canon Tristram, the Hon. Walter P^othschild, Dr. Eeichenow, 
Dr. Finsch, Dr. Meyer, Graf von Berlepsch, Dr. AY. Blasius, 
Dr. Schauinsland, Dr. Stolzmann, Dr. Oustaleb, and M. Salle. 

TOMMASO SALYADOPd. 

Turin, Zoological Museum, 
December 1891. 


VOL XX. 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX 


Order PSITTACI. I 

Fam. NESTOIUDJE. 
Page 

1. Nestor, Wag I 4 

1. notabilis, Gould 4 

2. rberidiorialis (Gm.) . . o 

3. e&slingi, Souance 8 
*4. productus, Gould .... 9 
#5. norfolcensis, Pelz 10 

Fain. L o B I I D JR. 

1. Chalcopsittacus, Bp 12 

1. ater (Scop.) 13 | 

2. bernsteird, Bosenb 14 

3. insignia, Oust 15 

4. stavorini (Less.) lo | 

5. duyrenbodei, Dubois. . 10 

6. scintillatus (Temm.) . . 10 

7. cbloropterus, 8ahad.. 17 

2. Eos,"#V- •••' IS I 

1. cyanogenys, Bp 19 

2. reticulata (8. Mull.) . . 20 

3. bistrio (Mull) 21 

4. cballengeri, Salvad. . . 22 

5. cardinalis {G. JR. Gr.) . 22 

6. rubra (Gm.) 24 

7. semilarvata, Bp 25 

8. wallacei (Finsoh) .... 26 

9. insularis, Gidllem 27 

10. riciniata (Bechst.) 28 

11. rubiginosa (Bp.) 29 

12. fuscata, Blyth 30 

3. 
Lorius, Vig 31 

1. bypoenocbrous, G. B. 
Gr 32 

2. lory (Linn.) 33 \ 

3. erytbrothorax, Salvad. 35 

4. jobiensis (Meyer) .... 35 I 

* Extii 
VOL. XX. 

Pa#e 
4bis. salvadori, 3feyer .. 617 

5. cyanaucben (S. Mull). 36 

6. domicella (Linn.) .... 37 

7. cbloiocercus, Gould . . 38 

8. tibialis, Sclat 39 

9. garrulus (Linn.) 39 

10. 
flavo-palliatus, Sahad. 41 

4. Calliptilus, Sund 41 

1. solitarius (Lath.) .... 42 

5. Yini, Less 43 

1. australis (Gm.) 43 

2. kuhli(%.) 45 

G. Coripbilus, Wagl 46 

1. taitianus (Gin.) 46 

2. ultramarinus (Kuhl) .. 48 

7. Tricboglossus, Vig.fyEorsf. 49 

1. bffirnatodes (Linn.) . . 49 

2. forsteni (Temm.) 51 

3. cyanogrammus, Wagl . 51 

4. massena, Bp. 53 

5. fiavicans, Cab. tyRchmv. 55 

6. nigrigularis, 
G. B. Gr. 55 
cbccineifrons, G. B. Gr. 56 

7. mitchelli, G. B. Gr. 57, 617 

8. cseruleiceps, 
JD'Alb. § 
Salvad .'. 57 

9. novse hollandiae 
(Gm.). 57 
verreauxius, Bp 59 

10. rubritorquis, Vig. §• 
Eorsf. 60 

11. rosenbergi, Schleg 61 

12. ornatus (Linn.) 61 

8. Psitteuteles, Bp 63 

1. flavoviridis (Wall) .. 63 

2. meyeri ( Wold.) 63 
var. bontbainensis 
(Mey.) 64 

3. euteles (Temm.) 64 

4. cblorolepidotus (Knhl). §Z> 

c 

Xll 
SYS IE31AIIC INDEX. 

Page 

9. Ptilosclera, Bp 00 
1. versicolor ( Vig.) ... Co 
10. 
Glo&sop«ittacu-. Bp 07 
1. goktiei (kliarpe) 6^ 
2. 
cLadematu^ (Vtrr. § 
Debllw*) 03 
3. concinnus \hftaw) . . 09 
4. porphyrocepbalus 
(Dfeir.) 70 

5. piibillu^ (bhiic) . 71 
11. Hypuchainio^na, bullae!. 72 
1. -wilhelniiLre {Meyer) . . 73 
2. placen-s (Tehim.) ... 74 
3. jsiilDplaceii* [Sc'ai.) . . 75 
4. lubriaularis {Sriat.) . . 70 
5. ruuruliotpta ( JJ all.) . . 70 
G. kordoanajMeyer) .. 77 
7. aureocincta [Bayard) . 7b 
8. palmarum (Gm.) .... 78 
9. pygmaea (Gm.) 79 
12. Ckarmo^ynopsis, Salvad. . 79 
1. puicliella (G. JE. £r.) . 79 
2. margaritae (Tristr.) . . 81 
13. Cbarmovpa, Wagl 81 
1. papuensis (Gm.) 82 
2. Stella}, Meyer 63 
3. josepliinae (Finscli) . . 84 
14. Oreopsittacus, Salvad. . . 84 
1. arfaki (Meyer) 85 
Fam. 0 Y c L O P S I T T A C I D JE. 

1. Neopsittacus, Salvad 86 
1. muscIieribroeki(itOSe»5.) 66 
2. iris (Zfeww.) 87 
3. rubripileum, Salvad. .. 88 
2. Cyclopsittacus, Rehab. . . 88 
1. sahadorii, Owsf. .. . 89 
2. ed\vardsii? Oust 90 
3. desrnaresti {Gam.) . . 91 
4. occidentals, Salvad. . . 92 
5. blythi, JTa// 93 
6. cervicalis, 
Salvad. 4* 
D'i/^ 93 
7. coxeni, Gould 94 
8. maecoyi, Goidd ..... 95 
9. diophthalmus, 
ELom.br. 
fy Jacq 95 
10. 
aruensis (Schleg.) 97 
11. guglieliui III. (Schley.) 98 
12. suavissimuSj Sclat 98 
13. raelanogenjs (JRosenb.) 99 
14. nigrifrons,JRchmc 100 
15. amabilis, Melmtv 617 
Fam. CACATUIDJ. 

Subfam. CACATTTISJE. 

Page 
Lopliop-ittacus; Xeict. . . 102 
"1 . mauritiartus {Onen) .. 102 

1. ILicroiiL x&us Gcnffr. St. 
Ma....... 102 
1 atenimu-{ Gm.). 103, 017 

2. CalvT)tui3i\iiclias; Yiy. ^ 
" ^HOJ s>. 100 
l.Kiudim. Vy 100 

2. fiuiereu-{btiov ) . . . . 107 
3. xaaliuiiotu-. Gould .. 108 
4. bank-i {Lath.) 109 
5. niaciorli\nrliii*, Gutdd, 110 
0 ^ttiilatus. Wayl Ill 
7. -\iridic ( Vitill.) . . 112 
3. Calloeepbalon, Le*s 113 
1. galeatum (Lath.). 113, 017 
4. Cacatua, Vitill 115 
1. galerita {Lath.) 110 
2. triton (Tamil.) 118 
3. par\ula(P/;.) 120 
4. sulphurea (Gm.) . .. 121 
5. citiinocri-tata {Fras ) . 122 
0. leaJbeateri ( Vig.) .... 123 
7. alba (P. L. S. Mull.).. 124 
8. opbthalmica, Sclat. . . 125 
9. moluccenisis (6-f?«.) . . 120 
10. gymnopis, Sclat. . . . 127 
11. sanjminea. Gould .... 128 
12. 
goffini (Fiasch) 129 
13. diicm-pd. Jacq. 6$ Fur htr. 129 
14. 
kaematurc m gia (P. L. 
S\ Mull).:: 130 
15. ro^eicapill a, Vieill, 132, 617 
5. Licnaeti^, Wagl 133 
1. nasica (Temm.) 133 
2. pastinator, Gould .... 134 
Subfam. CALOPSITT \ c INJE. 

0. 
Calop^-ittacus. Le*s 135 
1 no-vse bollaudiV (Gin.) 135 
Fam. PSITTACIDJE. 

Subfam. NASITEENINJE. 

1. Nasiterna, Wagl 138 
1. bruijni, Salvad 139 
2. -pygmse^QuoyfyGaim.) 140 
3. fmschi; Rams 141 
* Extinct. 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 
X1U 

Page 

namna, T)*istr 141 

4. keiensis, Salvad. .... 142 
5. aolas, Grant 142 
6. misoriensis, Salvad. .. 142 
7. niaforensis, Salvad. .. 143 
8. pusio, Sclat 144 
9. bfeccarii, Salvad 145 
Snbfam. CONUIIIIOE. 

2. Anodorhynchus, Spix.... 147 
I' £zSS2fe«HW &aih.).. 147 
2.1ean^ 148 
3. glaucuft ( Vieill) 149 

3. Oyanopbittacus, Bp 150 
1. spixi(TF^/.) 150 
4. Ara, Cuv 150 
1. araraima (Linn.) .... 152 
2. caninde (Wagl) 153 
3. macao (Linn.) 154 
4. cKIoroptera, G. R. Gr. 150 
5. tricolor (Beclist.) .... 157 
6. railitaris (Linn.) .... 158 
7. amBigua (Bechst.) 1G0 
8. rubrigena (Lafr.) .... 161 
9. severa (Linn.) 161 
10. maracana ( Vieill.) .... 163 
11. couloni, Sclat 364 
12. auricollis (Cass.) 165 
13. macavuana (Gm.) 165 
14. nobilis (Linn.) 167 
15. hahni (Souanoe) 168 
5. Khynckopsittacus, Bp. .. 168 
1. pa^byrhynelms (Sw.) . 169 
6. Oonuras,^^ 170 
1. acLiticaudatqLg (Vieill). 172 
2. hsemorrhous (Spiv) .. 173 
3. giiarolitTa (Gm.) 174 
4. solstitialis (Linn.) 175 
S.jendaya (Gm.) 177 
6. aurieapillus (Licht) .. 178 
7.ni^mAVteill.) 179 
8. weddejli, Seville .... 180 
9. iA£tratus;t Tsch 181 
10. ruW%vatws., Mass. fy 
n $ouanc$ .. * 182 
11. frontatus, Cab 183 
12. fikseM, Salv 184 
13. wagleri, Q. B. Gr. .. 184 
14. euops, Wagl 185 
15. cbloropterus (Souanci). 186 
16. leucopMhalmus(ifefw/Z.). 187 
17. callogenys, Salvad. .. 188 
18. uaaugei (Souanci) .... 189 
19. hplocklorus, Sclat 189 
20. brevipeSj iBaird 191 
21.pjaua(r%7.) 19J 

22. aztec, Souanci J92 
23. cactorum (Neuw.) 194 
24. aeruginosas (Linn.) ., 195 
25. ocularis, Sclat. $ Salv. 197 
26. perjioax (Linn.) 197 
27. aureus (Gm.) 199 
28. canicularis [Linn.) .. 201 
7. ConuropsiS; Salvad. 203 
1. carolinensis (Linn.) ., 203 
8. Oyanolyseus, Bp 205 
1. patagpnus (Vieill.) .. 205 
2. byronf (Cliildr.) 207 
9. Grnathosittaca, Cab 208 
1. icterotis (Mass. fy 
Souanci) 208 
10. Henicognathus, G. B. Gr. 209 
1. leptorliynclms (King) . 209 
11. Microsittace, Bp 210 
1. ferrugineus (Mull). .. 210 
12. Pyrrkura, Bp 211 
1. cruentata (Nemo.).... 213 
2. vittata (Shaw) 214 
3. leucotis (Licht.)' 216 
4. emma ( Verr.) 217 
5. picta (Mull) 217 
6. luciani (Deville) 219 
7. egregia (Sclat.) 221 
8. calliptera 
(Mass. $* 
Souand) 221 
9. melanura (Spiv) .... 222 
10. souancei (Verr.) .... 223 
11. berlepschi, Salvad 224 
12. rupicola (Tsch.) 224 
13. rnolinse (Mass. fy Souanci\ 
225 
14. devillei (Mass. §• Souanci) 
226 
15. perlata (Sjrix) 227 
16. rbodogaster (Natt.) .. 228 
17. hsBmatotis, SouancS .. 229 
18. rliodocephala (Sclat. $* 
Salv.) 229 
19. hofimmm (Cab.) .... 230 
13. Myopsittacus," Bp 231 
1. monachus (Bodd.).... 231 
2. luchsi (Finsch) 233 
14. Bolborhynchus, Bp 233 
1. aymara(D'CM>.) ... . 234 
2. rubrirostris (Burm.) .. 235 
3. orbignyi (Bp.) 236 
4. aurifrons (Less.) 236 
5. andicola (Finsch) .... 238 
6. panychlorus 
(Salv. fy 
Godm.) 238 
7. lineolatus (Cass.) .... 239 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

15. Psittacula, Cuv
1. 
ccelestis (Less.)
coelestis lucida; 
Ridgio

2. conspicillata, Lafr. ..
8. sclateri, 
G. R. Grmodesta, Cab
4. passerina (Linn.) ....
5. cras&irostiis, Tacz
6. flavescens, Sahad
7. cyanopvgia, Souance ..
8. spengefi, Hartl.
9. guianensis (Sio.)
16. 
Brotogerys, Tigferrugineiirons (Later.).
1. tirica^m.)
2. cliiriri (Vieill.)
3. vlreseens (G?n.)
4. pyrrhoptems (Lath.)..
5. juguiam (Mill I.)
6. devillei (G. R. Gr.) ..
7. gustavi, Berl
8. tuipara (Gm.)
9. clirysopteras (Linn.) ..
10. cErysosema~(i\"«#.) ..
11. tTii (Gm.)
Subfam. PioNIXIE. 

17. 
Ohrysotis, Sw
canifrons, Later
1. guildirigi ( Tig.)
2. augusta (Vig.)
3. vinaeea (Max.)
4. versicolor (Mull.) ....
5. bouquet! (Btchst.) ....
6. guatemalse, Hartl. . .
7. viienticeps, Salvacl. . .
8. farinosa (Bodd.)
9. inornata, Sahad. ....
10. mercenaria (Tsch.) ..
11. amazonica {Linn.)....
12. sestiva (Linn.)
13. ocliroptera (Gm.) ....
14. oclirocephala (Gm.) . .
15. panamen&is, Cab
16. auropalliata (Less.) ..
17. levaillanti, G. It Gr. .
18. nattereri, Finsch
19. dufresneana (Shaw) .
20. rliudoeorytha, Sahad..
21. \ iridigena, Cass
22. tinscln, Sclat
23. diademata (Sjyix)
24. *ahim, Sahad 
iE 

 241 

 242 
243 
244 
245 
245 
248 
248 
249 
250 
251 
253 
253 
254 
255 
257 
258 
259 
261 
262 

262 

 264 
265 
265 

 268 
272 
273 
274 
275 
276 
277 

279 

 280 
280 
281 
282 
283 
285 
2b8 

2b9 

 291 

291 

 293 
294 
295 
290 
297 
298 
i'99 
300 

Page 

25. lilacina (Less.) .. ... 301 
Iiecki (Rchuu.) 302 
26. autumnalis (Linn.) .. 302 
27. santhops (Spiv) 304 
28. brasiliensis (Linn.) .. 305 
29. hodini, Finsch 307 
30. festiva (Linn.) 307 
31. cliloronota, Souance .. 308 
32. vittata (Bodd.) 308 
83. pretrei ( Temm.) 310 
84. tucumana, Cab. . . 311, 618 
35. albifrons (Sparrm.) .. 311 
SQ. xantholora, G. R. Gr... 813 
87. centralis (Mull.) 314 
38. leucocephala (Linn.).. 315 
I 39. caymanensis, Cory .. 817 
40. baliamen«ifc, Bryant .. 317 
41. collaria (Linn.) 318 
| 42. agiii* (Linn.) 319 
I 18. Pachynin, Ilchuo 320 
1. brachvurus (Temm. § 
Kidil) ' 320 
! 19. Pionus, Wagl 321 
i 1. menstruum (Linn.).... 322 
1 reicheno"v\ i, Heine .... 324 

cobaltinus 
(Mass. § 
Souance) 32*5 

2. sordidus (Linn.) 82*5 
3. coralliniib, Bp 326 
4. maximiliam (Kuhl) .. 327 
I laeerus, Heine 329 
5. bridgesi, Bouc 329 
| 6. tuiuultuosus (Tsch.) .. 330 
I 7. seniloicles (Mass. $• 
Souance) 330 

8. tenilis (Spiv) 331 
9. cbalcopterus (Fras.) .. 833 
10. fuscus (Mull) 334 
20. Deroptyus, Wagl. 835 
1. accipitrinus (Linn.) .. 335 
21. Triclaria, Wagl 337 
1. c-yauosrAfeter (Tieill.).. 387 
22. Pioiiopsittacus, Bp 338 
1. melanotis (Lafr.) .... 389 
2. i>ileitiib (Scop.) 340 
8. pj rrhop-j Salv 841 
4. aiuazouiiiiu t DesMurs). 342 
5. hitiiifxtotis,Sclat4Sah\ 843 
(). eoc,eineicollaris(Zfl«v\). 344 
7. cics. (Lath.) 345 
8. birrnbandi (Kuhl) 346 
9. pirilia (Bp.) 347 
23. 
C-hpopHttactH, Bp 349 
L vulturinus (Lll.) 349 
24. Uro<*hronia, Bp 350 
1. cingtilata (Scop.) .... 851 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page 

2. wiedij Allen .".. 352 : 

3. purpurata (Gm.) .... 353 ; 

4. surda (III).......... 354 j 


5. iiueti (Temm.) 355 j 

8. dilectiasima, 
Sclat. § I 
Scdv 356 | 

7. stictoptera, Sclat 357 | 

8. emmsB, Berl , 357 j 

25. Caica, Bp. 358 I 

1. melanocephala [Linn.). 358 

2. pallida, Berl 360 , 

3. leucogaster (III) .... 360 | 

4. xanthomera, G. R. Gr. 361 j 

26. Pyocephalus, Sw 362 | 

1. robustus (Gm.) 363 i 

2. fuscicollis (Kuhl) .... 364 ! 

3. gulielmi (Jard.) 366 

4. aubryanus, Souance .. 367 

5. massaicus, Fisch. <§* 
Rchnio. , 367 

6. fuscicapillus 
(Verr. $* 
DPS Murs) 3G8 

7. cra^biia (Sharpe) .... 309 

8. llavifrons {Riipp.) .... 309 

9. citrinocapillus, Heugl. 370 

10. senegalus (Linn.) .... 371 

11. vers-teri {Goffin) .... 372 

12. rufiventris (Riipp.) .. 372 

13. meyeri (Riipp.) 373 

14. rtippelli (G, R. Gr.) .. 375 

Subfam. PsiTTACixaE. 

27. Psittacus, Linn 377 

1. erithacus, Linn, .... 377 

2. timneli, Eraser . . 380 

28. Coracopsis, Weigh ...... 380 

1. vasa (Shaw) 381 

2. nigra (Linn.) .... 382 

3. comorensv, Peters 383 

4. barklyi, K Nevct. .... 384 

5. sibilais, Milne-Edw. §• 
Oust. 384 

29. Dasyptilus, Wagl 385 

1. pesqueti (Less.) 385 

Subfam. PALJEOBXITHESTJE. 

Kecropsittacus, A. Milne-
Edw 387 
*rodericanus (^4. Milne-
Edio.) 387 

30. Eclectm, Wagl 383 

1. peetoralls (P. L. S. 

3. cardinalis (Bodd.)....

4. riedeli, Meyer ......

5. "westermanni (Bp.) ..

6. cornelia, BpGeo&ojus, Bp ....
sudestiensis, Be Vis ..

1. keyertsis, Sehleg

2. timorlaoensis, Meyer..

3. personatus (Shaw)

4. aruensis (G. R. Gr.)..
4 bis. orientalis, Meyer ..

5. rhodops(#.i2. Gr.) ..

6. floresianus, Salvad. ..

7. sumbavensis, Salvad...

8. pucberani, Bp

9. jobiensis (Meyer)

10. mysorensis (Meyer) ..

11. dorsalis, Salvad

12. cyanicollis (S. Midi)..

13. obiensis (Finsch) ....

14. beteroclitus (Hombr. 8f 
Jaeq.)

15. simplex (Meyer)

32. Prioniturus, Wagl

1. platimis (Temm.) ....

2. ilavicans, Cass.

3. discums (Vieill)

4. suluensis, Bias

5. mindorensis, Steere. 419,618 

6. cyaneiceps, Sharpe .. 419 

7. luconensis, Steere .... 420 

< 33. Mascaiinus, Less . . 421 
*mascarinus (Linn.) .. 421 

34. Tanygnathufl, Wagl 422 

1. gramineus (Gm.) 423 

2. luconensis (Linn.).... 424 

3. megalorkyncbus(Ito$£.) 426 

4. affinis, Wall 428 

5. subaffinis, Sclat 429 

6. miilleri (Temm.) 430 

7. everetti, Tweedd 432 

8. burbidgei, Sharpe 432 
' 35. Palasornis, Fig. 433 

1. eupatria (Linn.) 435 

2. nipalensis, Hodgs 437 

3. indoburmanica, Hume. 439 

4. niagnirostris, Ball .. 440 

5. wardi? E. Newt. .... 441 

6. eques (Bodd.).. 442 

7. torquata (Bodd.) .,.. 443 

8. docilis (Vieill) 447 

9. cyanocepbala (Linn.).. 448 

10. rosa (Bodd.) 453 

11. schisticeps, Hodgs. .. 456 

Page 

 394 

 396 

 397 

 398 

 399 

 400 

 401 

 402 

 402 

 404 

 618 

 405 

 406 

 407 

 407 

 409 

 409 

 410 

 410 

 411 

 412 
413 
414 
415 
416 
417 
419 

Mull) 389 I 12. finschi, Hume 458 

2. roratus (P. L. S Midi) 393 13. exsul, A. Newt 459 

* Extinct. 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

XVI 

Page 

14. peristerodes, Viff. ... . 460 3. flosculus, Wall....... 521 


15. caltbropse, Layard .. 461 j 4. exilis, Sehleg 521 

16. derbvana, Fraser ... . 463 ! 5. chrysonotus, Sclat. .. 522 

17. fasciata {Mull.) ...... 464 \ 6. regulus, Souance .... 523 

18. alexandri (Linn.) .... 468 \ 7. pbilippensis (P. L. S. 

19. caniceps, Blyth ...... 470 * Mull) . 524 

20. modesta, Fraser...... 471 | 8. mindorensis, Steere. 526, 619 

21. nicobarica, Gould ... . 472 | 9. siquijorensis, Steere .. 526 

22. tytleri, JECume 474 i 10. indicus (Gm.)........ 526 


23. longicauda (Bodd) .. 475 I 11. apicalis, Souance .... 528 

36. Polytelis, Wagl 477 ; sp 530 

1. barrabandi (Sw.) ... . 478 j 12. bonapartei, Souance. 530,619 

2. alexandrae, Gould ... . 479 13. galgulus (Linn.) 531 

3. meIanuraT( Viff.) 479 I 14. selateri, Wall. ' 533 

37. Ptistes, Gould 481 I 15. quadricolor, Wold. .. 534 

1. erythropterus (Gm.) .. 481 | 16. stigmatus (Mull. § 

2. jonquillaceus (Vieill) . 483 Sehleg) 535 

3. wetterensis, Salwd. .. 484 17. amabilis, Wall. ...... 536 

38. Aprosmietus? Gould ... . 485 18. catamene, Sehleg 537 

1. cyanopygius (Vieill).. 486 19. aurantiifrons, Sehleg. . 537 
insignissimus, Gould .. 486 20. tener; Sclat 538 

2. cbloropterus, Bams. .. 488 

3. callopterus, I)1Alb. fy Subfam, PLATYCBBCIN^:. 
Salvad 489 45. Platycercus, Vig 540 

4. amboinensis {Linn.) .. 489 i 1. elegans (Gm.) 541 

5. buruensis, Salvad 490 mastersianus,i2«/wjf. .. 541 

 var.

6. dorsalis (Q. #<?.)•••• 49 1 pennanti, rdgre


scens, Bams 543 

7. sulaensis, Bchnw. .... 492 

8. bypopbonius (S. Mull) 492 2. adelaidee, Gould 543 

39. Pyrrbulopsis, Rchib 493 3. flaveolus, Gould 544 

1. splendens {Beah) ... . 493 4. flaviveutris (Temm).. 545 

2. tabuensis (Gm.) 494 j 5. pallidiceps, Vig 547 

3. koroensis (Layard) .. 496 j 6. amatusia, Gould 543 

4. taviunensis (Layard).. 497 i 7. browni (Temm.) 549 

5. personata (G. B. Gr.). 497 8. erythropeplus, Salvad.. 550 

40. Psittacella, Schkg. 498 9. exiroius (Shaw) ...... 551 

1. brebmi (Bosenb) ... . 498 10. splendidus, Gould .... 553 

2. inodesta (Bosenb.).... 499 11. Ignitus, Leadb 553 

3. madaraszi, Meyer ... . 500 12. ieterotis (Temm) 554 

41. Psittinus, Blyth 500 13. xantbogenys, Salvad. . 555 

1. incertus (Shaw) 501 46. Porpbyrocepbalus, Bp. .. 556 

42. Bolbopsittacus, Salvad. . . 503 1. spurius (Kuhl) 556 

1. limulatus (Scop.) ... . 504 47. Barnardius, Bp. ........ 558 


2. intemiedius, Salvad.. . 505 1. barnardi (Lath ) 558 

3. mindanensis (Steere).. 506 2. semitorquatus (Q.4* &) f559 

43. Agapornis, Selby 506 3. zonarius (Shaw)...... 560 

1. cana (Gm.) 507 48. Psepbotus, Gould 561 

2. taranta (Stanl.) 509 1. basniatorrbous, Bp* ,. 561 

3. pullaria (Linn) 510 2. xantborrbous, Gould.. 563 

4. fiscberi, Bchnw 511 3. pulcberrimus (Goidd) . 564 

5. personata, Bchmo 512 4. cbrysopterygius (Gould) 565 

6. roseicollis (Vieill) 512 5. multicolor (Temm) .. 566 

7. swindereniana (Kuhl) . 514 

6. h.2bm2±QnotM& (GouM) \\>iq 

44. Loriculus, Blyth 515 

1. vernaKs (Sparrm).... 517 49. Neopbeuia, Salvad. .... 569 

2. pusillus, G. B. Gr. .. 520 1. bourkei (Mitch) 570 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page Page 

2. venusta (Temm.) .... 570 13. intermedius, Bchmo. .. 589 

3. elegans (Goidd) 572 sp 589 

4. chrysoprastra (Lath.) . . 573 14. malherbei, Souance .. 590 

5. petropbila (Gould) .. 574 51. Nympbicus, Wagl, 590 

6. pulchella (Shaw) 575 1. cornutus (Gm.) 591 

7. splendida (Gould) . ... •57(3 2. uvseensis, JEJ. L. § E. 
Cyanorbampbus, Bp 577 L. C. Layard 592 
hocbstetteri (Reisch.).. 577 52. Nanodes, Vig. § Horsf. .. 592 

1. ulietanus (Gm.) 579 1. discolor (Shaic) 592 

2. erytbronotus (Kuhl) .. 579 53. Melopsittacus, Gould ,... 594 

3. unicolor (Vig.) 581 1. undulatus (Shaw) .... 594 

4. novas zealandias 54. Pezoporus, Ulig 596 
(Sparrm.) 581 1. formosus (Lath.) . .. 597 

5. rowleyi (Bull.) (?).... 583 QD. GeopsittacuSj Gould .... 597 

6. aucklandicus, Bp 584 1. occidentals, Gould .. 598 

7. cooki (G. It. Gr.) 584 

8. subflavescens, Salvad.,, 585 

9. erythrotis (Wagl.) 586 Fain. STRING OPIDJE. 

10. fcaisseti, Verr. # Bes 

jyzurs 580 1. String-ops, G. B. Gr 599 

11. cyan urns, Salvad , 587 1. habroptilus, G. B. Gr,. 599 

12. auriceps (Kuhl) , 587 2. greyi, G. B. Gr 601 

CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS. 


Order IV. PSITTACI. 

Feet permanently zygodactyle by reversion of the fourth toe, 
covered with rugose granular scales or plates ; bill short, extremely 
stout, strongly hooked or epignathous, and furnished with a cere 
(frequently feathered) as in the Birds of Prey. These are the two 
most obvious characters which distinguish the Parrots. 

Other important characters are the following:—Upper mandible 
movable, being articulated instead of suturally joined with the forehead; 
its lower surface often with transverse or oblique ridges, 
producing a file-like surface on the distal palatine portion. Tongue 
thick and fleshy, in some families peculiarly brushy or fringed. 
Orbital ring frequently complete by union of the lacrymal bones with 
postfrontal or postorbital process. Nasal septum extensively ossified. 
Palate desmognathous. I)orsal vertebrae opisthocoelous. Symphysis 
of lower jaw short and obtuse. Sternum generally fenestrated 

posteriorly. Furculum weak, sometimes defective or wanting. 
Lower larynx with three pairs of muscles. 

Feathers with aftershafts. Spinal feather-tract on the neck well 
defined by lateral bare tracts and forked on the upper back. Tail-
feathers twelve, only in Oreopsittams fourteen. 

Oil-gland tufted, or wanting. 
'No caeca, and gall-bladder generally wanting. 
Carotids, right and left both present and running deep in the 


vertebrarterial canal, or the right one deep and the left superficial, 
or only the left present (in Oitcatita), as usual in birds. 
VOL. XX. B 

TSlTTAei. 

Ambiens muscle present and normal, or present and incomplete, 

or wanting altogether. 
Deep plantar tendons galline. 
Eggs white. Young helpless, hatched naked, but covered with 

down before acquiring feathers. 
The affinities of the Parrots seem to be with the Owls and the 
Birds of Prey. 
The Parrots principally inhabit tropical countries ; but a few 
species extend as far as 40° or even 42° X. lat. and 5o° S. lat. 

Key to the Families, 

I, Hook of the bill underneath nearly smooth, 
or only with some very superficial longitudinal 
ridges? but with no distinct file-
like surface. 

a. 
Bill longer than deep, much compressed; 
under mandible with the gonys nearly 
straight, or slanting in a gentle curve 
towards the tip (see figs. 1, 2, p. 3). 
a. 
Tongue fringed; culmen of the bill 
grooved along the middle 1. ^estoiid^ p. 4. 
V. 
Tongue furnished with a kind of 
brush; culmen of the bill smooth, 
not grooved along the middle 2, Loriidae, p. 23. 
b. 
Bill deeper than long, much swollen on 
the sides; under mandible with the 
gonys strongly curved and abruptly 
ascending towards the tip (see fig. 3, [p. 86. 
p, 3) ; tongue unrecorded 3. Cyclopslttacidse, 
II. 
Hook of the bill underneath with two 
lateral series of ridges, more or less 
transversal or oblique, producing a filelike 
surface (see figs. 4, 5, p. 3); tongue 
simple. 
a. Sternum complete. 
a'. 
Orbital ring complete, with a process 
bridging the temporal fossa; head [p. 101, 
always crested 4. Cacattiid®, 

V. 
Orbital ring mostly incomplete; if 
complete, without a process bridging 
the temporal fossa; head without a 
crest, except in the genus Nym- [p. 137. 
phicus 
5. Bdttacidae, 

h. 
Sternum incomplete, having only a rudi- [p. 500. 
mentary keel; orbital ring complete . 6. Stringopidas, 
tSlTtACl.

Fig. 1. Nestor notabilis. 2. Lorius lory. 3. Cyclopsittacus occiclentalis. 

4. Tanygnathm affinis. 5. Bolbopsittacus lunulatm. 
v 
B2 

XESTORIUJE. 

Family I. XESTORIDiE. 

Bill rather long, longer than deep ; cere partly covered with 
hairy feathers; tongue with a delicate fringe of hairs at the tip; 
tail-feathers with the shafts pointed and projecting beyond the 
webs; feathers soft, those at the base of the lower mandible projecting 
forward, and hairy; tarbiis rather long, like that of titringops; 
orbital ring incomplete. 

Only one genus, confined to the Xew Zealand subregion. 
(Cf. Gat-rod, P. Z. S. P72, pp. 787-780.) 


1. NESTOB. 
1} pe. 
Nestor (subgen.), Lets. Tr. d'Orn. p. 100 (lb31) .. X. niwi'l ouali-. 
Nestor, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 505 (1832) X. meridional^. 
Centrourus, Stv. Class. B. ii. p. 303 (1837) X. meridional!*. 
Centrums, JStrichl Ann. fy Mag. K. S. vii. p. 34 

(1841). 
Range, Xew Zealand subregion. 


Keg to the Species. 

A. Xo mellow band acrobs* the breast. 
a. 
Undei parts olive-brown, with no reel tinge 
whate^ er; bill very long but not much 
curved notabihs, p. 4. 
b. Abdomen and under tail-coverta tinged with 
red meridional^, p. 5. 
JB. A broad yellowiteh-white band across the breast. 

a. Bill not more than 2 inches long. 
a'. Larger; fore neck and upper breast hoary; 
wing 11*8 inches ".. essli/tgif p. 8. 
b\ 
Smaller j fore neck and upper breast light 
brown, with the feathers tinged with 
yellow; w ing 10*3 inches productus. p. 9. 

b. Bill extremely long (3*8 inches) and curved 
in a semicircle , jiorfoheasib. p. 10. 
1. Nestor notabilis. 
Nestor notabilK 
Gould, P. Z. />'. L<"A p. i»4; id. B. Au-tr.Suppl 
pi. 60 (part iii.; 1850); G. P. Gr. JLkf Psitt. Brit. Mu<. p. 100 
(1859); id. Ibis, 1802, p. 230; Haist. Verh. z.-b. Geaell. Wiea, 
1863, p. 116; id. Ibis, 1864, p. 341; Gould, Eandb. B. Amir. ii. 

p. 554 (1865) ; Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Gesell Wien, 1867, p. 31S (note); 
Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1867, p. 322 ; id. Papag. ii. p. KW 
(1868); Eaast, Journ. f. Orn. 1868, p. 242, 1870, p. 331; Bull. 
Tr. 4- Pr. N. Zeal. Inst iii. p. 52 (1870); Putts, ibid. p. 86 
(1870) ; G. P. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. loS, no.' 8254 (1870); Hutf. 
Cat. B. New Zeal p. 20 (1X71): Mat P. Z. ti. Ib72. p. 7S»o ; 
1, NESTOE. 

Fimch, Jour. f. Orn. 1872, p. 101; Bull. Birds N. Zeal p. 52, 

P. 
PP<
5* fe, jftrtfe, App. p. 24 (1875; ;x G&& Thestdm. it p. 701 
(1875); jfcAwa?. Vogelbild. t. xviii. f. 4 (1878-83); 2& *7bwm. / . 
Orn. 1881, p. 22 {Consp. Psitt p. 22); Lorenz, Sitzb. Ah. Wissmsch 
Wien, Lxxxiv. p. 630, t. iii. (1881) ; Latoar, P. £. S. 1881, p. 626; 
Fimch, Ibis, 1882, p. 398; Sclat List Vert An. 8th eel. p. 338 
(1883); Ibis, 1884, p. 471; Bias. Jour. f. Orn. 1884, p. 229; 
Bull. Birds y. Zeal. 2nd ed. i. p. 166, pi. xviii. (1888). 

Adult Dull olive-green, each, feather edged'with black; ear-
coverts dusky; uropygium, under wing-coverts, and axillaries 
orange-red; quills dusky brown, the primaries with the outer web 
bluish, largely toothed on the inner web with bright lemon-yellow; 
secondaries greenish blue on their outer webs, toothed with orange-
reel on their inner webs; tail bluish olive, crossed near the extremity 
by a broad band of blackish brown; tail-feathers toothed 
on their inner webs with bright lemon-yellow: iris black; bill 
greyish brown; feet yellowish olive. Total length 19 inches, 
wing 12*5, tail 7*5, bill 1*75, tarsus 1*5. 

Female. Similar to the male, but having the tints of the plumage 
duller, and the dusky marking of the feathers broader. 
Hab. South Island, New Zealand. 

a. Ad. si New Zealand. Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. New Zealand. — Swinney [C], 
ac*-s^«

d. e. S S Shedmorliek Peaks, S. Island. WellingtonMusJE.]. 
/ . Skeleton. New Zealand. Dr. J. Haast [P.]. 
2. Hestor meri&ionalis. 
Southern brown Parrot, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 264, no. 70 (1781) j 
id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 211 (1822). 

Phittacus meridionals, Gm. S. K i. p. 333, n. 98 (1788) (ex 
Latham); Beehst Lath. Uebers. p. 90 (1811); Strickl. Ann. ty 
Mag. N. H. vii. p. 34 (1841). 

Psittaeus nestor, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 110, no. 85 (1790); Shaw, 
Gen. Zool viii. 2. p. 522 (1811); Vieill. K D. xxv. p. 317 (1817); 
id. Ene. Mith. iii. p. 1308 (1823); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. pp. 12, 86 
(1820); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv, 2, p. 107 (1826); Less. Compl de 
Buff. ix. Ois. p. 205(1837); id. 2nd ed. p. 605, pi. =-. f. 2 (1838); 
Bonrj. Perr. pi. 68 (1838-39). 

Pteittacus australis, Shaiv, Mm. Lever, i. p. 85, pi. — (1792). 
Nestor novae zelandise, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 191 (1831). 
Psittaeus hvpopolius, Forst. MS.; id. Icon. ined. t. 50; id. Bescr. 


An. p. 72 (1844). 

Nestor hvpopolius, Wagl. Mm. Psitt pp. 505, 696 (1832); Goidd, 
Syn. B. Amir, pi. —. f. 2 (183- ?) ; Selb. Nat Libr., Parrots, p. 121, 
pi. 12 (1836); Hartl Syst Verz. Ges. Mm. p. 89 (1844); Rchb. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1853, p. 10; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 155, 

n. 250; id. Naumannia, 1850, Consp. Psitt n. 2G3; Souance, Rev. 
et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 223 : G. R. Or. IM Psitt Brit. Mus. 
NESTOKID^. 

p. 99 (1859); Gould, B. Austr. Suppl pi. 58 (part iii., 1859); 
Baast, Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 462; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. 
p. 548 (1865) ; Sclat. P. Z. S.1867, p. 473 ; Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 
1867, p. 322; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 787, 788, ff. 2,3 (tongue), 
1873, pp. 4665 633; Sclat P. £. S. 1879. p. 300; ztf. List Vert An. 
8th eel. p. 338 (1883). 
Centrourus australis, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 303 (1837). 

Nestor meridionalis 
G. R. Gr. App. JDieff. N. Zeal ii. p. 193 (1843); 
id. Voi/. Ereb. $ Terr. Birds, p. 9 (1844); Cass. U. St. Erpl 
Lvp.-p. 234(1858); Elhnan, Zool. 1861, p 7467: Baast, Ibi\ 
1862, pp. 103, 104; G. R. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 229; Bayard, Ibi\ 
1863, p. 241; Baast, Ibis, 1864, p. 345: Schley. Mus. P.-B, 
Psittaci, p. 156 (1864): Pelz. Terh. z.-b. Gesell Wien. vt ii. 

p. 318 (1867); Button, Ibis, 1867, p. 379; Finsch, Papag. ii. 
pp. 892, 961 (1868); Haast, Journ. f. Orn. 1868, p. 242 ; Finsch, 
ibid.; id. Ibis, 1869, p. 379 (partim ?); Button, Ibis, 1870, p. 394; 
Potts, Tr. fy Pr. N. Zeal. Inst. iii. p. 81, pi. vii. (nestinsr-places) 
(1870); G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 158, n. 82o2 (1870) ^ Finsch, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1870. p. 327, 1872, p. 98; Sand. Meth. not. 
av. disp. Tent. p. 72 (1872); Pelzeln, Ibis, 1873, p. 32 (Latham's 
type) ; Bull B. Neio Zeal p. 39, pi. —. f. poster. (1873) : Finsch, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1874, pp. 170, 179; Bowleg P. Z. S. 1874, p. 498 ; 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587 ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 700 (syn. 
emend. ?) (1875); Rowley, Orn. Misc.^aH i. pi. 4 (albino) (1875); 
Sharpe, Voy. Ereb. $ Terr., Birds, App. p. 23 (1875) ; Bull Tr. # 
Pr N. Zed. Inst. ix. p. 340 (1876) ; Hector, P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 2, 
3; Moseley, Nat. Chall p. 278 (1879); Rchiw. Togelbild. t. x\iii. 

f. 3 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 20 (Consp. Psitt. p. 20); 
Finsch, Ibis, 1882, pp. 393, 397, 398; Meyer, Vogel-Skelett. i. 
Taf. xxiii. (1882); Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll p. 464 (1882) ; Pelz. # 
Lorenz, Ann. d. naturh. Bofmus. 1888, p. 40; Bull B. N. Zeal 
2nd ed. i. p. 150, pi. x^ii. %. ant. and post, (var.) (1888); Sandager, 
Tr. S? Pr. N. Z. Inst. xxii. p. 288 (1890). 
Nestor australis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 426, n. 1 (1845) ; Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 8 (1850) ; Pelz. Novara Reise, Tog. p. 100 (1865). 
Nestor notabilis, Bp. (nee Gould), Naumannial 1856, Consp. Psitt. 


no. 262 (teste Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 900). 

Southern form (N. mo nt anus). 

Nestor montanus, Baast in litt; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 961 (1868); 
Baast, Journ. f. Orn. 1868, p. 242; Bull apud Finsch, Journ. 

f. Orn. 1870, p.*328; G.R. Gr.Band-list, ii. p. 159, n. 8255(1870); 
Reisch. Tr. S> Pr. N. Z. List. xvii. p. 195 (1884). 
Nestor meridionalis, part., Finsch, Ibis, 1809, p. 379 ; id. Journ. /. 
Orn. 1870, p. 327, 1872, p. 98, 1874, p. 179. 
Nestor meridionalis, var. y, Bull B. Neio Zeal p. 42 (1873); id. B. 
Neio Zeal. 2nd ed. i. p. 153 (1888). 
Nestor occidentalis, Bector (nee Bulhr), fide Bull B. N. Zeal 2nd ed. 

i. p. 153 (1888). 
Nestor 
montana, Reisch. Tr. $ Pr. N. Z. List. xxi. p. 379 (Steward 
Island) (1889). 

South-western form (N. occidentalis). 

Nestor occidental^, Butter, Ibis, 1869, p. 40; G. R. Gr. Band-list, 

n. p. 59, n. 8256 (1870) ; Buller, Ibis, 1870, p. 457; Butt Cat 
1. NESTOR.
JV. Zeal. Birds, p. 20 (1871); Bull B. New Zeal p. 50 (1873); 
Finsch, Tr. $ Br. N. Zeal Inst v. p. 207 (1872); Bull ibid, p. 405 
(1872); Huti, Ibis, 1874, p. 35 (=meridionalis); Butter, Ibis, 
1874, p. 113 (=meridionalis); S/iarpe, Voy. JEreb. 8f Terr,, Birds, 
App. p. 24 (1875) j Bchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 392 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 227). 

? Nestor meridionalis, Finsch (nee Gm. ?), Ibis, 1869, p. 379. 
Nestor meridionalis, var. /x, Bull B. New Zeal 2nd ed. i. p. 157 
(1888). 
Nestor, sp. n., an occidental^, Beiseheh, Tr. § Br, N, Zeal, Inst, xvii. 

pp. 194,195(1884). 

Yellowish-red variety (N. superlms). 
Nestor esslingi Eaast {nee Souance), Verh, z,-b. Gesell Wien. 1863, 

p. 110; ^.1^,1864, p. 341. ' 
Nestor superbus, Bull Essay on the Orn. of N. Zeal, p. 11 (1865); 
Taylor, Ann, § Mag. N. II. (3) xviii. p. 14 (1866); Finsch, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1867, pp. 322, 344; id. Papag. ii. p. 902 (1868); 
Haast, Jotirn. f. Orn. 1868, p. 243; Finsch, Journ. f. Om. 
1870; p. 331; G. R. Gr, Sand-list, ii. p. 159, n. 8257 (1870); 

* Rowley, P. Z.S. 1874, p. 498; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 701 (1875); 
Rchno. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 20 (Consp. Psitt p. 20) ; id, 
Vogelbild., Nachtr. n. 2 (1883). 
Nestor meridionalis, var. a, Bull. B. Netv Zeal. p. 40 (1873); Kirk 
Tr. £ Pr. N. Zeal Inst. xvii. p. 62 (1884); Bull B. New Zeal, 
2nd ed. i. p. 151 (1888). 

Nestor meridionalis, Kirk, Ibis, 1888, p. 45. 

Adult Upper surface olive-brown, each feather margined with 
dark brown; crown of the head and nape hoary, slightly tinged 
with bluish and with a narrow edging of brown to each feather; 
ear-coverts washed with golden yellow; feathers of the cheeks and 
front of the throat hoary, bordered with brown and washed with 
red at the base of the bill; below the nape an orange and dull reel 
band, each feather tipped with three semicircles—dull red, orange, 
and brown; uropyginm, upper tail-coverts, abdomen, and under 
tail-coverts dark red; breast-feathers hoary edged with brown; 
under wing-coverts red, sometimes washed with orange, and crossed 
with narrow dusky bands; quills toothed on their internal webs 
with pale red; tail above olive-brown, with an indistinct brown 

band near the tip; tail-feathers toothed on the inner webs with 
red : iris dark brown; bill dark bluish grey; feet bluish grey, soles 
of feet yellowish brown. Total length 18*5 inches, wing 11, tail 7, 
bill 1*6, tarsus 1-2. 

Youny. " The scarlet lining of the under surface of the wings is 
marked by numerous transverse bars of dusky brown, and towards 
the carpal edges the feathers are olivaceous brown, barred and margined 
with orpiment-orange ; the long soft feathers underlying the 
secondaries are dusky grey, with faint bars of scarlet ;^in seme 
examples the nuchal collar is very indistinct, being simply indicated 
by a tinge of yellow, while in others it is fully as conspicuous as in 
the adult." {Puller.) 

Hab. New Zealand. 

 NEST0BHU3. 

The bird from South Island has been separated under the name 
of Nestor montmnis; it was distinguished as being larger and 
generally much brighter coloured than the bird from North Island. 
Sir W. Buller does not now recognize it as distinct. Owing to 
the Ttant of a good series of specimens, properly sesed and from 
reliable localities, I have not been able to make up my mind on the 
subject; for this reason I have kept the synonymy of the tw o forms 
separate. 

The bird from George Sound to Milford Sound, on the west 
coast of the South Island, has been separated under the name of 
Nestor occideatcdis; this form is only known from the two original 
specimens obtained by Dr. Hector. The characters by which thin 
form was distinguished from N. meridional Is are the smaller 
dimension^, the slender bill with the upper mandible produced to 
a finer point, and the absence of spots on the inner webs of the 
tail-feathers. The dimensions attributed to it are :—" Total length 
16*5 inches, wing 10*5, tail 6, tarsus 1 ; bill, following curvature 

v "5, along edge of lower mandible 1*5 " (Bailer). Herr Keisehek, 
3 advocates very strongly the distinction of the Sextos from the 
nds, says that while the male is fiery red under the wings, the 
ale is golden yellow. The validity of this species is now rejected 
Q by Sir "W. Buller; and not having myself seen a specimen of 
i form, I have referred it to N. meridionalis, although I have 

aypt the synonymy separate. 
Nestor superbus no doubt is a yellowish-red variety of N. meri


dlonalis. 
a. Irani. (?) skb. Ad. sk.
c~f. Ad. sk. 
New Zealand. 
New Zealand. 
New Zealand. 
Capt. Cook's Voyage. 
Parnplin Coll. 
Purchased. 
//, h. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Sir G. Grev TV. 
i, k Ad. sk. New Zealand. Dr. A. Sinclair, IJ.X. 
"P.". 
/, on. 6 $ ad. sk.
n, o. Ad. sk. 
New Zealand. Capt."Stokes rP.". 
Gould Coll. 
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. Young sk.
Skeleti .or. 
New Zealand. 
Dunedin, South Island. 
South Island, N. Zealand. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Sir "W. Buller "P.". 

3. Nestor esslingi. 
Nestor novae zelandise, Bp. (nee Less.), Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 155, n. 251 (sine descr.). 
Nestor 
esslingi, Souance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1856. p. 22$; Bp. 
Naumannia, 185G, Consp. Bsiti. n. 204; Goidd, B. Austr. Suppi. 
pi. 59 (part iii., 1859); G. It. Gr. List Psltt. Brit Mm. p. 100 
(1869); id. Ibis, 1862, p. 230; Gould, Handb. B. Avstr. ii. p. 552 
(1865) ; Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1807, p. 322 ; id. Bapaq. ii. 

p. 896 (1868); 67. JR. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 158, n. 8253 (1870); 
Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1870, p. 331; Bull. Tr. # Br. N. Zeal. 
Inst. hi. p. 49 (1870); Butt. Cat B. Neiv Zeal. p. 20 (1871); 
1. ffESTOB. 
Finsch, Tr. # Pr. N. Zeal. Inst v. p. 207 (1872); Rowley, P. Z.S. 

1874, p. 498 j Rchmo. Vogelbild. t. xviii. f. 5 (1878-83); id. Jour. 

f O a 1881, p. 21 (Consp. Psitt. p. 21). 

Ne&tor meridionalis, vai\, i?w//er, Tr. & P;\ IY. £m/. Z^f. iii. p, 51 

(1870;. x 

Nestor meridionalis, part., Finsch, Journ.f. Orn. 1872, p. 98. 

Nestor meridionalis, var. ft Bull. B. New Zeal. p. 41 (1873); id. 

cp. cit. 2nd ed. i. p. 152 (1888). 

Type. Very much like T. meridionalis, from which it differs 
principally in having a broad yellowish-white band between the 
grey upper breast and the dull red abdomen; besides, the ear-coverts 
behind are of a bright golden yellow, the cheeks below bright red, 
and the tail-feathers towards the base of the inner web do not show 
the spots, which more or less are always present in A7", meridionalis. 
Total length 18 inches, wing 11-8, tail 6'5, bill 2-1, tarsus 1*2. 

Hah. Unknown. 

This bird is intermediate between N. meridionalis and N.pro<
1 actus; it resembles the first in the dimensions and in the upper 
parts, and the second in the underparts, especially on account of the 
broad yellowibh-white band across the breast. Although considered 
by Sir "W. Bullcr as an individual variety of N. meridionalis. I feel 
inclined to agree v* itli Gould and Finsch in regarding it as a 
distinct specie*. 

a. Ad. sk. Ma&sena Poll. (Type of species.) 
4. Hestor productus. 
Wilson's Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. ffiht ii. p. 170 (1822), 
Plyctolophus productus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1836, p. 19. 
Nestor productus, Gould, Sgn. Austr. B. and adj. Isl. pt. i. pi. —. 


f. 1 (183—?); Bourjot, Pen. pi. 69 (1837-38); Gould, B. Austr. 
v. pi. 6 (part v., 1841); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 426, n. 2 (1845) • 
Rchnb. fog. NeuJioll. n. 187 (1850); Bp. Consp. i. p. 8 (1850); 
Rchnb. Journ.f. Orn. 1853, p. 10; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 155, n. 252; Soaance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 224; 
Sclat Pr. Linn. Soe. 1858, p. 132; G'. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 100 (1859); Sclat. Journ.f. Orn. 1860, p. 34; Pelz. Verh. 
7c. Ah Wissensch. Wien, xli. pp. 322-325, Taf. —. ff. 2, 3 (head), 
4, 5 (tongue) (1860); Schleg. Jour. f. Orn. 1861, p. 377; G. R. 
Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 230 (syn. emend.); Schleg. JDierent. p. 84 (with 
figure) (1864) ; id. Mus. P.-B., Psitt. p. 157 (1864); Gould, Eandb. 
B. Austr. ii. p. 550 (1865) ; Finsch, Jour. /. Orn. 1867, p. 322 ; 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 888 (1868) ; Newt. Ibh, 1869, p. 323; 
Seh/s-Longch. Ibis, 1870, p. 450 (Mus. of Florence) ; G. R. Gr. 
1 Ka vQ

Hand-l*'"' ~ " H^TA\ . T>MI*7<», T> 7. ,<? i,Q7A 

p. 
(si . . „ ... 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 21 (Cony). Psitt. p. 21); Salvad. Ibis, 
1581, p. 009; Salv. Cat. Stricld. Coll. p. 463(1882); ? Layard, 
Ibis, 1884, p. 123 (egg!); Bull. B. New Zeal. 2nd ed. i. p. 164 
(1888); MB, 1888, p. 650; Ramsaij, Tab. List, p. 38 (1888). 
Centrums productus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 265, 

NESTORIDJE. 

Adult Upper surface brown, the feathers margined with a deeper 
tint; crown paler, neck all round tinged with yellowish -^ nropygium 
and upper tail-coverts dull red; cheeks and throat reddish: on the 
breast a broad cross-band of a yellowish-white colour; abdomen and 
under tail-coverts ochreous red ; wings brown with a slight tinge 
of green; middle wing-coverts slightly edged with yellowish; 
quills, towards the base of the inner web, toothed with pale yellowish 
red; under wing-coverts yellow, the inner ones and the 
axillaries orange-red; tail brown, greenish towards the base; tail-
feathers towards the base of the inner web toothed with pale red: 
iris dark brown ; bill brown ; nostrils, bare skin round the eye, and 
feet dark olive-brown. Total length 15 ineheb, wing 10*3, tail 5*8, 
bill 2, tarsus 1*2. 

Hah. Philip Island. 

The length of the bill varies a good deal, from 1*6 to 2 Inches. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Philip Island. Purchased. 

c. Ad. sk. Philip Island. Bell Cull. 
5. Nestor norfolcensis. 
Long-billed Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 171 (1822)^ 

Nestor 
norfulcen&is, Felz. Sitzb. k. AJcad. Wissensch. xli. pp. 322325, 
Taf. — (I860); Ibis, 1860, p. 422; Finsch, Journ. f. Or a. 
1867, p. 823 (note); Finsch, Fapag. ii. p. 900 (186^) ; id Ibis, 
I860, p. 379; G. R. Gr. Hand-lid, ii. p. 159, n. 8259 (1870); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 701 (1875) ; Rchnc. Journ. f. Om. 1881, 

p. 21 (Consp. P^itt p. 21); id. Vogelhild., Naclitr. n. 3 (1883); 
Feb, fyZorenz, Ann. d. naturh. Hofmus. 1888, p. 39; Bidler, B. 
N. Zeal 2nd ed. i. p. 164 (1888). * 
Nestor products, part., G. It. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 230. 
" Length above twelve inches. M l very long and curved, thick 
halfway from the base, but tapering to a point at the tip, and 
under mandible truncated at the end; colour of both dusky ; head 
and neck dull green ; sides [of the head] under the eyes, chin, and 
throat pale crimson; upper parts of the body, wing, and tail dusky; 
breast yellowish ; belly, thighs, and vent more or less crimson; tail 
cuneiform; legs brown.7' (Latham.) 

Hub. Norfolk Island. 

This bird is now extinct, and is only known from Latham's 
description, and from the description and figure of the head published 
by von Pelzeln. Latham described a specimen which was 
in the possession of Governor Hunter; and von Pelzeln found a 
figure of this bird among the papers left by the traveller Ferdinand 
Bauer, who visited Norfolk Ibland. Besides the very curious 
shape of the bill, the absence of any bars on the tail distinguishes 
this species from the others. 

LOKimE. 
11 

Family II. LORIIRzE. 

Bill much compressed, generally longer than deep, not notched, 
and smooth; calmen rounded and narrow; lower mandible rather 
long, with the gonys narrow, straight, and obliquely slanting upwards, 
not flattened in front and with no keel-like ridge; upper 
mandible with no file-like surface on the under surface of the 
hook. Tongue brushy. Cere broader over the culmen and gradually 
becoming narrower along the sides of the bill. Tail graduated 
or rounded, sometimes even, rarely longer than the wings, generally 
shorter. Wing acute, with the three first quills generally the 
longest. 

Range. Australian Eegion (except New Zealand, but including 
Polynesia). 

Cf. Weinland, " Ueber Pinselzungen der Papageien" (Journ. f. 
Orn. 1853, Extrah. p. lxix, Taf. ii. ff. 1-9); "Wallace, " Correction of 
an Important Error affecting the Classification of the Psittacidse " 
(Ann. & Mag. N. H. (3) iii. pp. 147, 148, 1859). 

Key to the Genera. 

I. 
Tail-feathers 12; point of the maxilla long, but 
not thin. 
a. Tail rather short and nearly square ; the two 
middle tail-feathers shorter than the lateral 
ones; feathers of the hind neck long and [p. 41. 
covering the upper back 4. CALLTPTILUS, 
b. Tail moderate or very long, the two middle 
tail-feathers always longer than the lateral 
ones. 
a'. Tail-feathers rather broad and more or 
less rounded at the tip. 
a". Dimensions larger; about the size of a 
Turtle-dove. 
a"\ Bill black, like the cere and the [p. 12. 
naked chin 1. CHALCOPSITTACTJB, 
V". Bill orange-red. 
aK Bed colour predominant also on 
the wings 2. Eos, p. 18. 
b\ Wings green 3. LOBIUS, p. 31. 

b". Dimensions smaller, larger than those 
of a Sparrow; feathers of the crown 
long and shaft-streaked. 


c'". The first three or four primaries 
notched at the tip; general colour 
green 5. VINI, p. 43. 

d'", 
General colour blue; no red or green 
colour in the plumage 6. COBIPHILTJS, p. 4G. 

12 
L0KIIJD2E. 

b'. Tail-feathers gradually tapering to a 
point; more or less acute. 
a". Predominant colour underneath as 
well as above green. 


e"'. Tail-feathers green, with no yellow 
or red colour at the tip; tail moderate 
; the two middle tail-feathers 
not very long; 4 or 5 first primaries 
not distinctly attenuated towards 
the tips. 


a. 
Shaft-streaks more or less blue 
on the forehead (as on the rebt 
of the head); breast generally j). 41). 
tinged with red ... . V \ 7. TIJIOHOGLOSSCS, 

(3. 
Like Trichoglossus, only differing 
in colour; no blue shaft-streak» 
on the forehead^ and no red 
colour on the breast; head yellowish 
or bluish green; bill J). 03. 
orange-reel 8. PSITTECTELES, 
y. 
Predominant colour green, with 
shaft-streaks on the neck and ~p. <»f>. 
body; bill orange-red il PTILOSCLERA, 
S. 
First primary equal or a little longer 
than the second and the 
third; predominant colour green; 
bill black; dimensions rather [p. 67. 
small, 10. GLOSSOPSITTACTTS, 
/"'. Tail-feathers green, with the tips [p. 72. 
yellow or red 11. HYPOCHAR^IOSYNA, 
d". Predominant colour on the head. 
neck; and lower parts red. 

g'". The two middle tail-feathers not 
much longer than the lateral 
ones j the primaries not abruptly [p. 79. 
attenuated towards the tips 12. CEARMOSYNOPSIS, 

ti". 
The two middle tail-feathers generally 
much longer than the lateral 
ones, and very narrow towards the 
tip ; the primaries, especially the 
first 4 or 5, abruptly attenuated [p. 81. 
towards the tips ..." 13. CHARMORYXA, 

II. 
Tail-feathers 14 ; point of the maxilla very j>. 84. 
long and thin; bill black \ 14. OREOPSITTACUS, 
1. CHALCOPSITTACUS. 
Type. 
Ohalcopsitta, Bp. Consj). Gen. Av. i. p. 3 (1849) .... C. ater. 
Chalcopsittacus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 15 

(187(3) (nomen emend.). 
Range. Papuan Islands. 


Key to the Species. 

. No green colour whatever. 

a. 
Black, more or less purple. 
a'. Abdomen like the breast black. 
1. CHALCOP&ITTACtrs. 
a". Quills with no red on the inner web. 
a'". TibiaB black ater, p. 13. 
b"'. Tibiae dark red bernsteini, p. H. 

b". Quills with the base of the inner web red. insignis, p. 15. 
b'. AJbdomen red stawrini, p. 15. 


b. Olive-brown; forehead, a band from the lores 
encircling the throat, tibiae, and under wing-
coverts orange-yellow dnyvenbodei, p. 10. 
Green, with green and yellow streaks along the 
shaft of the feathers; forehead (in the adult 
bird) and tibias red. 
c'. Under wing-coverts and axillaries red; 
feathers of the hind neck with the shaft-
streaks mostly orange-yellow scintillatus, p. 10. 

d'. 
Under wing-covert* and axillaries mostly 
green and' red, sometimes entirely green; 
feathers of the hind neck with the shaft-
streaks mostly green chlorapterus, p. 17. 

1. Chalcopsittacus ater. 
Le Lori noir de la Nouvelle Guinee, Sonner. Voy, a la Nouv. Guin. 

p. 175, pi. 110 (1776). 
Black Lorv, Lath. Syn. i. p. 221, n. 23 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist ii. 
p. 139 (1822). 
Psittacus ater, Scop. Del. Flor. etFaun. 2nsubr. ii. p. 87, n. 29 (178G) 
(ex Sonner at). 
Psittacus 
novas guinea?, Girt. S. N. i. p 319, n. 63 (1788) (ex Sonnerat); 
Lath. 2nd. Orn. i. p. 91, n. 27 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. 

viii. 2, p. 451 (1^11); BechsL Kurze Uebers. p. 71 (1811); VieilL 
N. 2). xxv. p. 335 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Petit, p. 42 (1820); VieilL 
Mac. Meth. p. 1379, pi. 222. f. 3 (1828); Beam. Bid. So. Nat. 
xxxix. p. 61 (1826) ; Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 335 (1831); S. Midi. 
Verh. Land-en Volkerik. p. 107 (1839-1844). 
Le Lori noir, Levaill. Perr. pi. 49; Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. 2nd ed. 

p. 605 (1838). 
Lorius novas guineas, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 132 (1826). 
Platycercus novas guineas, Waijl. Mon. Psitt p. 534 (1832). 
Platycercus ater, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, u. 23 (1846). 
Chalcopsitta novae guineas, Bp. Consp. Ax. i. p. 3 (1849); id. P. Z. S. 
1850, p. 26; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, &p. 290; id. 
Naumanma, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 304; G, R. Gr. P. Z.S. 1858, 

p. 194: id. P. Z.S. 1861, p. 436; Rosenb. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, 
pp. 63, 67; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. 2nd. xxv. p. 142 (1863). 
Chalcopsitta atra, Sclat Jour. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 165, sp. 110 
(1858); id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227 ; G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436; 
Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. 2nd. xxv. p. 224, sp. 9 (1863); id. 
Jour. f. Orn. '1864, p. 113, sp. 9; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 289, 
294; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, sp. 8191 (1870); Salmd. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 760 (1875) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 

(1889). 
Eos ater, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 53 (1859); id. P. Z. & 
I860, p. 357. 
Eos atra, G. R. Gr. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 40, 59 (1859); Wall 
Ibis, 1861, p. 291; Schleg. Bierent. p. 08 (1864). 
Lorius ater, Schleg. Mus. P.-B., i-Vittaci, p. 129 (1864) ; Finsch, Neu~ 

14 LOKIID.E. 

Gum. p. 158 (1865); Schleg. Mw. P.-B., Psittaci, Revue, p. 59 

(1874); Gleb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 500 (1875). 

Do micella atra, Finsch, Papwj. ii. p. 755 (1863); id, P. Z. S. 
I860, p. 157; Meyer, Sitzb. k Ah. Wissensch. Wien, kx. p. 237 
(1874); id. Sitzb, Isit, Drescl. 1875, p. 78; Rchmo. Jour. f. Or a. 
1881, n. 165 {Consp. Psitf. p. 101). 

(Salwatty, Mysol); Salvad. Ibis, 18^6, p. 155 ; id. Mem. R. Ac. 

8c. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 170 (1839). 

Adult. Black, with a slight tinge of purple ; head black ; uropygium, 
upper and under tail-coverts dark purple-blue : tail above 
greyish purple, towards the tip greyish olive, underneath dark red 
towards the base, golden olive at the tip : bill, cere, and feet black ; 
iris maroon with an inner ring white. Total length 13*50 inches. 
wing 7*5, tail 5*3, bill 1*05, tarsus 0*85. 

Eab. Western New Guinea, from Dorei-Hum and Has {Becmri) 
to Sorong; Salwatty, Batanta; perhaps also Waigiou. 

a9 b, c. Ad. sk. New Griiinea. A. It. Wallace Coll. 

d. <$ ad. sk. New Guinea (Dr. A. B. Meyer). Gould Coll. 
var. 
e. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Sorong, New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Salwatty. A. R. Wallace Coll. 
2. Chalcopsittacus "bernsteiiiL 
Chalcopbitta novae guineas (part.), G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. Ib58, p. 194; 
id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 4:16; Rosenb. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, pp. 03, 07; 
id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxy. p. 142 (lb63). 

Chalcopsitta'atra (part.), Soled. P. Z. S. 1KJ0, p. 227; G. R. Gr, 

P. Z. S.1861, p. 436 ; Rosenb. Nat Tijdschr. Ned, Lid. xxv. p. 224; 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1864, p. 113; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 2^1: 
G. R. Gr! Hand-list, ii. p. 153, u. 8191 (1870); Salmd. Ana. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 760 (1875). 
Chalcopsitta bernsteinii, Rose?ib. Jour. f. Or a. 1861, p. 46 (Mysol). 
Lorius ater (part.), Schleg. Mus. P.-B.\ Psdttaci, p. 129 (1864); id. 

Mus. P.-B,, Psittaci, Revue, p. 59 ("1874). 
Domicella atra (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. p Too (l^%). 
Chalcopsittacus ater (part.J, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. x. p. 34, 

no. 73(1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 269 (1880); Guillem. 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 622 (Mysol); Salvad. Ibis, 1886, p. 155 ; id. Mem. 
R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xl. p. 170 (1889). 
Adult. Similar to the adult of G. ater. but it differs in having 
the tibise dark red, and the edge of the forehead usually tinged with 
the same colour. 


Hob. Mysol. 

a, b, c. 6 ad.; Mysol. Wallace Coll. 

d. Juv. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. Mysol (.4. R. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
/ . <j> ad.sk. My-ol(.4. R, Wallace), Purchased. 
#. Ad. sk. Kebim, Mysol. Purchased. 
1 . CHALCOPSITTACTTS. 
15 

8. Chaleopsittacus insignis. 
Ciialcopsitta insignis, Oust. Assoc. Sc. de France, Bull, no. 538, 
p. 247 (1878; j Salvad. Atti B. Ac. 8c. Tor. xiii. p. 812 (note) 
(1878). 
Ciialcopsittacus bruijnii, Salvad. Atti B. Ac. Sc. Tor. xiii. p. 310 
(1878); id. Ibis, 1879, p. 105. 
Chaleopsittacus insignis, Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol, i. p. 272 (1880) ; 
id.Mem.^ B. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 171 (1889). 
Domicella insignis, JRchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 165 (Co?isp. Psitt. 

p. 101); id. Togelbikl, Nachtr. 39 (1883). 
Adult. Purple-black; pileum darker, nearly black; forehead and 
cbeeks tinged with red; concealed part of the feathers of the neck 
and of the breast red; tibiae red; uropygium dark blue; scapulars 
purple-brown; the edge of the wing and the under wing-coverts 
red ; quills with the base of the inner web red; tail above violet, 
with the base brown, and towards the tip greyish, beneath purple-
red, towards the tip golden olive-yellow : bill, cere, naked skin of 
the chin, and feet black. Total length 11 inches, wing 7, tail 4*87, 
bill 0-94, tarsus 0-78. 

Hah. Amberpon Island, Geelvink Bay. 

• 
4. Chaleopsittacus stavorini. 
Ptoittacus stavorini, Less. Toy. Coq., Zool. i. p. 355 (1826), p. 628 
(1828); Desm. Did. Sc. Nat. xxxix. p. 60 (1826) j Salvad. Ibis, 
1879, p. 100. 

Eclectus paragua, part., G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 418, n. 3 (1845). 
Stavorinius paragnanus, part., Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 4 (1849). 
Stavorinus paragua, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 259. 
Psittacodis stavorini, Sclat. Jburn. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 165, n. 114 

(1858); id. P. Z.S. 1860, p. 227; Bosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, 

p. 63; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 143, 226 (1863) j 
Bernst Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. p. 296 (1864); Bosenb. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1864, p. 115, sp. 23. 
Eclectus paraguanus, G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 67 (1859); 
id. Cat. B. New Gain, pp. 40, 59 (1859). 
Eclectus stavorini, Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 286; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. 

p. 76 (1875). 
Lorius stavorini, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865). 
Domicella stavorini, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 758 (1868); Bchnw. Jour. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 165 (Consp. Psitt. p. 101). 
Psittacodis stavorinus, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 154, sp. 8197 
(1870). 
Chalcopsittacus 
stavorini, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 34, 
no. 74 (1S77) ; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 273 (1880); id. Mem. B. 
Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 11 (1889). 

Gaining black; abdomen red; size of Lorius lory. 
Hah. "Waigiou. 
ISio specimen of this species exists in any museum; there is 

some probability that it was described from memory, as the typical 
specimen was lost. I have entertained some suspicion as to its 
hfins: identical with P. insir/im, Oust, 


16 
LORIIDJE. 

5. Chalcopsittacus duyvenbodei. 
Chalcopsittacus 
duyvenbodei, Dubois, Bull. Mus. Roy. dJKist. Nat. 
Belq. iii. p. 113, pi. v. (1884) ; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, 

xl. p. 170 (1889). 
Adult. Dark brown-olive; forehead, a band starting from the 
lores, and encircling the naked skin of the cheeks and throat orange-
yellow, like the smaller wing-coverts near the bend of the wing, the 
tibiae, the under wing-coverts, and the inner webs of the quills 
towards the base ; vertex and occiput dusky olive-brown ; nape and 
sides of the neck covered with narrow and long feathers, ochre-
yellow along the middle ; lower back, rump, and under tail-coverts 
violet-blue ; ear-coverts, hind part of the cheeks, lower part of the 
throat, and the whole breast olive-brown, the feathers of the breast 
yellowish on the edges, and with the hidden part yellow; primaries 
and their coverts black ; tail dull purple, the feathers with an olive 
tinge on their edges, underneath golden-olive : bill, cere, naked skin 
round the eyes, and on the throat and feet black. Total length 
about 12 inches, wing 7, tail 5*3, bill 0*95, tarsus 0*78. (Rothschild 
Coll) 

Hob. New Guinea (Duyvenhode). 

Only two specimens are known, the type in the Museum of 
Brussels, received from Mr. Duyvenbode, and the one in the 
Jtothschild Collection. 

6. Ohalcopsittacus scintillates. 
Amber Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. Suppl. p. 65, n. 144 (1787) ; id. Gen. Hist, 
ii. p. 252 (1822). 
Psittacus batavensis (!), Lath, {nee Waql), Ind. Orn. i. pp. 120,128 
(1790); BecJist Kurze Uebers. p. 101 (1811); Vieill. N. D. xxv. 

p. S7o (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 99 (1820); TieilL Enc. Meth. 
p. 1406 (1823). 
Psittacus scintillatus, Temm. PL Col. 569 (juv.) (1835) (tvpe examined) 
; id. Tall. Meth. p. 61 (1889). 
Lorius scintillatus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 51 (1837-38); Hombr. et Jacq. 
Ann. tic. Nat. xvi. p. 317 (1841); Schleq. yius. P.-B., Psittaei, 

p. 122 (1864); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865); Schleg. MM. 
P.-B., Psittaei, Revue, p. 56 (1874) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 502 
(1875); Rosenb. Malay. Arch. p. 371 (1879). ^ 
Psittacus scintillans, S. Mull. Verh. Land-en Volheak. pp. 22,127 
(1839-44). 
Eos scintillate, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417, n. 10 (1845); id. Cat 

B. New Gum. pp. 39, 59 (1859). 
Ohalcopsitta scintillata, Bp. Consjx Av. i. p. 3 (1849); id. Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, n. 291; id. Naumamiiaf 1856, Consp. 
Psitt. sp. 305; G. R. Gr. P.Z.8. 1858, p. 194, 1861, p. 430; 
Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, pp. 64, 65; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. 
Lid. xxv. pp. 144,145, 225 (1863); id. Journ. f. Ora.'l864, p. 113, 
sp. 11; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 289 ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, 
sp. 8192 (1870); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 862 ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 692; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 319 (1883) : Tristr. 

'V Col J B. p. 73 (1889). 

1 . CHALGOPSITTACTJS. 
17 

Chalcopsitta scintillans, Bp. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 26; Salat Jour. Pr. 

Linn. Soc. ii. p. 165, sp. Il l (1858) ; id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227. 
Chalcopsitta rubrifrons, G. E. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 182,194, pi. 135 
(<$ fig. opt.); Sclat. Ibis. 1859, p. 102 (note): G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. • 
3861, p. 486. 

Eos scintillatus, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 53 (1859). 
Eos rubrifrons, G. E. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mm. p. 53 (1859); id. 
Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 39, 59 (1859); Eosenb. Journ.f. Orn. 1864, 

p. 114, sp. 15; id. Reis naar Zuidoostereil p. 48 (1867). 
Domicella scintillata, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 752 (1868); Meyer, Sitzb. 
k. Ah. Wissensck. Wien, Ixx. p. 238 (1874) ; id. Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 
1875, p. 78; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 147; Sharpe, Jour. Pr. Linn. 
Soc, Zool xiii. p. 80 (1878); Rchnio. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 166 
(syn. emend.) (Consp. Psitt p. 102); id. Voaelbild. t. xxxi. f. 2 
(1878-83). 
Chalcopsittacus scintillatus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 34, 

n. 75 (1877); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 93; D'Alb. et Salvad. Ann. Mm. 
Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 37 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 274 
(partim) (1880); id. Voy. Chall, Birds, p. 75 (1881); Sharpe, 
Goulds B. New Guin. pt. xiv. pi. 2 (1883); Meyer, Zeitschr. f. 
ges. Orn. i. p. 274 (1884); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 622 (Am 
Isl.); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 171 (1889). 
Adult. Green, bind neck, upper hack, breast, and abdomen streaked 
down tbe shafts with yellow ; sinciput, lores, and upper cheeks red ; 
vertex, occiput, sides of the head and chin black; throat and sides 
of the breast stained with red ; lower back and rump bright green, 
with a blue tinge; breast dark green, with orange-yellow shaft-
streaks ; tibiae and under wing-coverts red; under tail-coverts 
green; quills underneath dusky, with a well-defined yellow area 
towards the base; tail-feathers green above, red for the basal half 
of the Inner web; the apical part of the tail-feathers underneath 
yellowish olive: bill, cere, and feet black; iris orange-yellow. 
Total length 11*8 inches, wing 7% tail 4*5, bill 0-9, tarsus 0-85. 

Young. The head is entirely dark chestnut, with no red on the 
forehead. 
Hab. "Western New Guinea, meeting with O. chloropterus along 
the Ply River; Aru Islands. 

a,b: $ $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll 
(Types of Chalcopsitta rubrifrons, G. R. Gr.) 

c. tS ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Aru Islands {A, R. Wallace). 
Aru Islands. 
Purchased. 
Gould Coll. 
/, g-d ad. sk.
ti,i. Ad. sk. 
Wokan, Aru Islands. 
Aru Islands. 
' Challenger' Exped. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Wallace Coll. 
I J ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Doktur, N.W. New Guinea. Purchased. 

7. Chalcopsittacus chloropterus. 
Chalcopsittacus chloropterus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 15 
(1876) (Hall Bay), x. p. 34, n. 76 (1877); ID'Alb. Sydn.Mail, 1877, 

p. 248; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xt p. 8 (1877); Salvad. ibid, (note) 

VOL. XX. 

o 

18 
L0RIID-3E. 

(1877); DAlb. Ibis, 1877, p. 366 ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. X.S. W. 

iii. p. 106 (1878), iv. p. 96 (Port Moresby) (1879); Finsck u. 
Meyer, Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 1886, p. 8; Sahad. Mem. R. AC. Se. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 171 (1889). 
Eos 
scintillata, D'Alb. (nee Temm.), Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 8 (1877). 
Clialcopsittacus scintillatus, cVAlb. (nee Temm.), Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen, 

x. p. 19 (1877); Skarpe, Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc., Zool xiv. p. 686 
(1879) j Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 274 (partim) (1880), iii. 
p. 519(1882). 
Clialcopsittacus scintillans, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soe. JST. S. W. in.. 
p. 106 (1878) (Hall Sound, Kaiau). 
Chaleopsitta chloropteras, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 254 
(1878-79). 
Doniieella 
scintillata, part., Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 160 
(Consp. Pdtt. p. 102). 

Adult. Very similar to C. scintillatus, from which it differs 
in the under wing-coverts being ordinarily green mingled with red, 
sometimes entirely green; besides, the hind-neck feathers are generally 
more green, and the yellow area on the quills beneath is not so 
well defined. 

Hab. S.E. Few Guinea and the Ely-Eiver region. 
Along the Ely River the two forms C. scintillatus and C. cliloro


pterus meet. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d-y. Ad. sk. 
Port Moresby. 
Port Moresby. 
Port Moresby. 
S.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie). 
K. Broadbent ^C.1 . 
Rev. S. Macfarlane [C.]. 
Gould Coll. 
Purchased. 

2 
E0S

--TJT, 
Eos, Wayl. Mon. Psitt. p. 494 (1832) ,. E. histrlo. 

Range. Moluccas, Sanghir Islands, Papuan Islands, Tenimber 
Islands, Solomon Islands and Puynipet of the Caroline Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

I. 
Red; uropygium also red. 
a. Tail above black; middle tail-feathers entirely 
black, the lateral ones with the inner web red. 
a'. Upper wing-coverts black j interscapular 
region red cyanogenys, p. 19. 

V. 
Upper wing-coverts red; hind neck and inter^ 
scapular region with blue shaft-streaks .. reticulata, p. 20. 
b. Tail above dark purple; the lateral tail-feathers 
with the inner web red; interscapular region 
and nape blue, 
c'. Larger; the upper part of the breast entirely 
blue; wing &6 inches, tail 5*3 Mstrio, p. 21. 
d'. Smaller; the upper part of the breast red, 
mixed with blue j wing C inches, tail 4 .. eliaUengert, p. 22. 

2 . 
EOS. 19 
c. 
Tail above dull red. 
e'. No violet collar. 
a". Almost entirely red; only the wing-
coverts along the edge of the wing edged 
with bluish purple .., cardinalis, p. 22, 

b". Red ; the scapulars mostly blue. 
a'". Whole of the face red rubra, p. 23. 
b'". A blue band through the subocular 

region ". semilarvata, p. 25. 

f. 
A purple collar round the neck. 
c". Head red; no red spot on the occiput in 
the adult bird wallacei, p. 2(1 
d". Head red; a purple spot on the occiput. insularis, p. 27. 
e". Hind neck and occiput purple like the 

collar 
riciniata, p. 28. 

d. 
Tail above olive, yellowish towards the tip; 
red colour all over the body, except tail and 
quills, very dark rubiginosa, p. 29. 
II. 
Dusky, mingled with red or yellow; uropygium 
whitish grey, more or less tinged with sulphur-
yellow fwcata, p. 30. 
1. Eos cyanogenys. 
Eos cyanogonia, Bp. Consp. i. p. 4 (1850); id, Compt. Rendus. xxx. 

p. 185 (1850); id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 27, pi. xiv.; id. Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1854, p. 156, sp. 287; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
sp. 301; Mat. Ibis, 1859, p. 2JJL; G. P. Or. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 
p. 
51 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 158; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1800, 
p. 227; G. P. Or. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 357; Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 
1862, p. 65; id, Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 114, n. 13; Wall. P. Z. S. 
1864, pp. 290, 295; 8c£leg. Dierent. p. G8 (1864); Wall. Ibis, 1865, 
p. 395 ; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 154, sp. 8200 (1870). 
Lorius cyanogenia, SchUg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 128 (1864); id. 
Mus. P~B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 58 (1874); Gieb. Thn. Orn. ii. 

p. 500 (1875); Rosenb. Peist. mar Geelvinkb. pp. 36, 47 (1875). 
Lorius cyanogenius, Finsch, New-Gum. p. 157 (1865). 
Domicella cyanogenys, Finsch, Pajpaq. ii. p. 796 (1868); Meyer, 
Sitzb. h. Ah. Wiss. Wien, lxx. pp. 234, 235 (1874) ; id. Ms, 1875, 

p. 147; id. Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 1875, p. 78; Pchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 167 (Consp. Psitt. p. 103); id, Vogelbild. t. xxxi. f. 6 
(1878-83). 
Eos cyanogenys, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 33, n. 65 (1877); 
id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 86; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 24(5 (1880); id. 
Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 168 (1889); Meyer, Vogel-
Skelett t. xlvi. (1879-89). 

Adult. Bed, with, a purple gloss ; ear-coverts and feathers round 
the eyes purple-blue : upper wing-coverts, scapulars, outer web and 
tip of the quills, two middle tail-feathers, and outer web of the 
lateral ones black: a black spot on the flanks above the thighs; 
the primaries have the inner web, near the black tip, yellow ; inner 
web of the lateral tail-feathers red ; bill orange-red; feet black ; 
iris red. Total length 11*5 inches, wing 6-3, tail 4-2, bill 0-85, 

tarsus 0'7. 
e2 


20 
LOKIID^E. 

Young. Crown, neck, lower back, and underparts red with purple-
black irregular cross lines. 
Hab. Mafor Island, Pulo Manin, and Mysore Island in Geelvink 

Bay. 
a. Ad. st.
b. $ ad. st.
c. Ad. sk. 
No locality. 
No locality. 
Mafor Island. 
Zoological Society. 
Zoological Society. 
Gould Ooll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. $ juv. sk. 
[Wrongly labelled] New Guinea. 
Mafor Island. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
2. Eos reticulata. 

Blue-necked Lory, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 136 (1822). 

Lorius borneus (!), Less, (nee Steph.) Tr. d'Orn. p. 192 (1831); id. 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. 2nd ed. p. 606 (1838) ; Saluad. Cat Ucc. di 
Borneo, p 27 (note) (1874). 

Psittacus reticulatus, S. Mull. Verh. Land-en Volkenk. pp. 107, 108 
(1839-1844) (type examined); Wiegm. Arch. f. Naiurg. 1842, ii. 

p. 29 ; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 24 (1846). 
Eos cyanostriata, 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417, n. 9, pi. 103 (1845); 
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 11 (1849); Bp. P. Z. S. 1860, 

p. 29 ; Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. Ixiii; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1854, p. 156, n. 288; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
p. 303 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. I860, p. 226; Wall Ibis, 1861, p. 311; id. 
P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 290, 295. 
Eos bornea, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 226 ; G. R. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 52 (1859). 
Psittacus cyanostictus, Schleg. Sandl. i. p. 184 (1857). 
Eos reticulata, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 226; Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 311; 

Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 61; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. 2nd. 

xxv. pp. 140, 141 (1863); Schleg. Dierent p. 68 (1864); Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 62; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 692 ; Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 33, n. 65 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 245 
(1880); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (1889); Meyer, Verh. z.-b. 
Gesellsch. Wien, 1881, p. 771 (Babbar); Sharpe, Gould?$ B. New 
Guin. pt. xv. pi. 2 (1883) ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1883, pp. 51, 58,194, 200; 
id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 318 (1883); Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. 
Gesellsch. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 15 ; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 421 ; 
Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. i. p. 196 (1884); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. 
So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 168 (1889). 
Eos sp. (ex Ins. Tenimber), Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 65. 
Psittacus (Eos) guttatus, Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 145 
(1863). 

Lorius reticulatus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 128 (1862); Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 58 
(1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 501 (1875) ; Buttik. Notes Leyd. 
Mus. viii. p; 62 (1886). 

Domicella reticulata, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 797 (1868) ; Rcfomu. Journ, 

f. Orn. 1881, p. 168 (Consp. Psitt p. 104) : id. Vogelbild., Nachtr. 
40 (1883). 
Eos reticulatus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 154, sp. 8203 (1870). 

Adult. Bed; underparts mottled with darker red; ear-coverts 
blue; hind neck and interscapular region "with bright blue shaft-
streaks ; uropygium and upper tail-coverts with dull purple shaft-
streaks ; smaller and median wing-coverts red with the hidden base 

2 . EOS. 
21 
black; greater wing-coverts black, with, the tips red; primaries 

black, with the base of the inner web red; secondaries red, with 

the tip black; scapulars black, outwardly edged with red ; taii above 

black, with a slight tinge of purple ; inner web of the lateral tail-

feathers red: tail underneath red ; the outer web of the lateral tail-

feathers golden-olive : " bill scarlet with the tip orange; cere, naked 

skin round the eyes, and feet black; iris rich brown " (Forbes). 

Total length 11*5 inches, wing 6*3, tail $-2, bill 0*8, tarsus 0*7. 

Hah. Tenimber Islands. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Timor-laut. Capt. W. Chambers [P,], 
(Types of JSos cyanostriata, Gray.) 


c. Ad. sk. Timor-laut ? Zoological Society. 
d. Ad. sk. Tenimber Isl. Wallace Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.. Timor-laut. Wallace Coll. 
/ . d ad. sk. Larat, Timor-laut. H. 0. Forbes [0.]. 
g. S 
ad. sk. Larat, Timor-laut (H. 0. Tweeddale Coll. 
Forbes). 
h. 2 ad. sk. Maroe, Tenimber Isl. H. 0. Forbes [0.]. 
i\ ? ad. sk. Maroe, Tenimber Isl. {H. Tweeddale Coll. 
0. Forbes). 
3. Eos histrio. 
Psittaca indica coccinea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 376, pi. xxv. f. 2 (1760). 

Perruche des Indes Orientales, D'Aubent. PL Enl 143 (17-?). 

Psittacus histrio, Mull. S. N. Suppl. p. 76 (1776); Cass. Pr. Ac. 

Philad. 1864, p. 239. 
Lori Perruche violet et rouge, Buff. Hist Nat Ois. vi. p. 138 (1779); 
Levaill. Pen: pi. 53 (1801-1805). 
Indian Lori, Lath. Syn. i. p. 217, n. 19 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 128 (1822). 
Psittacus indicus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 318, n. 58 (1788); Bechst. Kurze 
Ueb. p. 69 (1811) ; Vieill Erie. Meth. iii. p. 1383 (1823). 
Psittacus 
coccineus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 89, n. 22 (1790) ; Shaw, 
Nat. JlfMc.pl. 737 (1789-1813); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 69 (1811); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 461, pi. 68 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. 

p. 42 (1820) j Mull, et Schley. Verh. Land-en Volhenh. p. 182 
(1839-1844) ; Buss, Papag. p. 760 (1881). 
Indian Loii, var. A, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 128 (1822). 
Lorius coccineus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 132 (1826); Schleg. Mus. 

P.-B. Psittaci, p. 128 (1864) ; id. Ned. Tijdschr. JDierh. iii. p. 186 
(1865); G.B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, no. 8190 (1870); Schleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 58 (1872); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. 

p. 500 (1875); Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489; Bosenb. Zool. Gart. 
1878, p. 346. 
Eos indica, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 557 (1832); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 417, no. 1 (1845); Bp. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28; id. Mev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1854, p. 156, no. 286 ; SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 
p. 226; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. no. 297 ; G. B. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 51 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 357; 
Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 290, 295; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 465, 
634,1874, p. 587 ; Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 318 ; Hkkson, 
Natural, in N Celebes, p. 155 (1889) {Ibis, 1890, p. 249). 
Eos coccinea, 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227 ; Bosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 
1862, p. 63; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 142 (1863); Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 268 (1880). 

22 
LOBIIBJE. 

Lorius indicus, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (I860). 

Domicella coccinea, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 800 (1868;; Bowl. § Meyer, 
Orn. Misc. iii. p. 123, pi. 98 (1878) ; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 55: 
Platen, Gefied. Welt, 1887, JJ. 263. 

Eos histrio, G. It. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 154, n. 8199 (1870); Meyer, 
Sitzb. u. Abh. Gesell. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. (5; Bias. Omis, iv. p. 563 
(1888). 

Lorius histrio, Koch, Verz. Sa?nml. Vogelb. aus Celeb, u. Sanghir, p. 1 
(Febr. 1876); Bruqqem. Abh. naturiv. Ver. Brem. y. pp. 41, 100 
(1876) ; Fischer, ibid. p. 538 (1878). 

Domicella histrio, ItcJinw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 167 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 103); id. Voyelbild. t. xxxi. f. 1 (1883). 
Adult. Bed; vertex, ear-coverts, nape, interscapular region, and 
breast blue; flanks and vent purple-blue; under tail-coverts red, 
with purple-blue tips ; scapulars and tips of the upper wing-coverts 
and of the quills black; base of the inner web of the quills red ; 
tail above dull purple, with the inner web of the lateral feathers 
red: bill orange-red ; feet blackish. Total length 12*6 inches, 
wing 6-6, tail 5*3, bill 0*9, tarsus 0*75. 

Hal. Sanghir and Talaut Islands. 

a. Ad. at. 
Zoological Society. 
b. J ad. sk. 
Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk.; d. $ Sanghir Isl. Wallace Coll. 
ad. sk. 
e. § ad. sk. Sanghir Isl. 
Gould Coll. 
/. 
2 ad. sk. Siao, Sangi Isl. {Dr. A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer), 

g. tf ad. sk. Salia Isl. 
J. Hickson, Esq. [C. \ 
4. Eos challenger! 
Eos indica, 
Sclat. (nee Gm.) P. Z. S. 1878, p. 578 ; id. Voy. Chall, 
Birds, p. 115 (1881); Murray, Voy. Chall, Narr. i. 2, p. 669 (1885); 
? Hickson, Natural, in N. Celebes, p. 155 (1889). 

Very much like K histrio, but much smaller, and with the blue 
colour on the breast less extended and more or less mingled with red: 
" bill orange; feet black ; eyes red, or light brown in the male " 
(Murray). Total length 9:8 inches, wing 6, tail 4, bill 0-S, 
tarsus 0*68. 

Hal. Meangis or Fanusa Islands, north-east of the Talaut Islands. 

a. S ad. j b, c. 5 Meangis Isl., 10th February. * Challenger' ExpecL 
ad. sk. (Types of species.) 
5. Eos cardinalis. 
Lori cardinal, 
Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole 8ud, Atlas, pi. 24 bis. f. 2 
(1845). 

Lorius cardinalis, G.R. Gr. Gen. B., App.p. 20 (1849); Jacq. et Pucher. 

J/^„, T>AJ* ,Q»,J r/,.nj ;;: « IA*> ziot-n. TT^.J.T T,......, J? r\.... 101*1 

P-

lit 

2 . EOS. 
23 
Eos cardinalis, Bp. Compt Rend. xliv. p. 539 (1857); G. R. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 53 (1859); id. Cat B. Trop. Isl p. 31 
(1859) j Sclat. P. Z. S. I860, p. 228, 1869, pp. 122,124; G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 154, sp. 8205 (1870) j Bayard, Ibis, 1880, p. 307; 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. I p. 249 (1880), iii. p. 518 (1882) ; Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. vii. p. 34 (1882); Grant, P. Z. S.1887, 

p. 330, 1888, p. 190; Woodford, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 249; Salvad. 
Mem. P. Ac. 8c. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 168 (1889); Tristr. Cat Coll. 
B. p. 78 (1889). 
Eos unicolor, Wall (nee Shaio), P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 291, 295. 
Domicella cardinalis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 185 (1868); id. P. Z. S. 
1869, p. 128, pi. xi.; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.8. W. i. p. 67 (1876); 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxxiii. f. 4 (1878-83). 
Trichoglossus cardinalis, Rchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 162 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 98). 
Domicella (Eos) cardinalis, Rchnio. Journ.f, Orn. 1882, p. 232. 

Adult. Red, rump and upper tail-coverts darker; back and wings 
dull red ; feathers of the breast and abdomen edged with whitish ; 
bend of the wing and metacarpal edge have the feathers edged with 
dull purplish blue ; quills and tail-feathers brown-red, with an olivo 
tinge ; bill dusky orange ; feet blackish ; iris reddish brown. Total 
length about 13 inches, wing 7*3, tail 6*3, bill 0-95, tarsus 0*70. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller. Total length 12 inches, 
wing 6-9, tail 5-9, bill 0*85, tarsus 0-69. 
Bab. Solomon Islands. 

a. S ad.; b. $ ad.; Guadalcanal', Sept. 1865. J. Brenchley, Esq. 
c. Ad. sk. 
[P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Solomon Islands. Tweeddale Coll. 
e. 
$ ad. sk. Guadalcanar, Sept. 1880 (G. Tweeddale Coll. 
JB. Richards), 
f. 
Ad. sk. [Duke of York Islands *.] P. L. Sclater, Esq. 
[P.]. 
6. Eos rubra. 
Long-tailed scarlet 
Lory, Fdw. Birds, iv. pi. 173 (1751); Lath. 
Syn. i. p. 216, no. 18 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 127 (1822). 
Psittaca coccinea Bonarum fortunarum insulae, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 273 
(1760). 
Psittacus borneus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 141, no. 11 (1766); Gm. 8. N. i. 

p. 318 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. I p. 89, no. 21 (1790); Bechst. 
Kurze TIebers. p. 69 (1811) ,• Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 460, pi. 67 
(1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 40 (1820); Vieill. Enc. Mtth. p. 1382 
(1823); Wall. P. Z. S.1863, p. 21; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 911 (1868); 
Salvad. Cat. TJcc. Bom. p. 27 (note) (1874). 
Lory de la Chine, D'Aubent. PL Enl. 519. 
Lori de Gilolo (!), Sonn. Voy. Nouv. Guin. p. 177, pi. 112 (1776). 
Psittacus chinensis (!), Mull. S. N. Suppl. p. 77 (1776); Cass. Pr. 


Ac. Nat Sc. Philad. 1864, p. 240. 
Lory rouge, Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. vi. p. 134 (1779). 


* Specimen / is the one mentioned by Mr. Sclater (P. Z. S. 1873, p. 3), who 
received it from Dr. Bennett as from the Duke of York Islands ; but I feel pretty 
sure that the locality given is erroneous. 
24 
LOEIIDJE. 

Molucca Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 274 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 122 
(1822). 
Psittacus ruber, Gm. S. N i. p. 335, no. 101 (1788) j Lath. Ind. Orn. 

i. p. 115, no. 100 (1790) ; Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 92 (1811) ; 
Euhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 38 (1820); Vieill Enc. Meth. p. 1380, pi. 227. 
f. 4 (1823) ; Zees. Voy. Coq., Zool. i p. 627 (1828); Hahn, Orn, 
Atl, Papag. t. 49 (1836) ; Temm. Tail Meth. p. 60 (1839); S. Mull. 
Verh. Land-en Volkenk. pp. 107, 110 (1839-44). 
Psittacus moluccensis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 116, no. 101 (1790); 
Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 93 (1811); Vieill Enc. Meth. p. 1379 
(1823). 

Peiruche Scarlate, Levaill. Perr. pi. 44 (1801). 

Lori a franges bleues, Levaill. Perr. pi. 93 (1805). 

Perroquet Lori a queue bleue, Levaill. Perr. pi. 97 (1805) (artificial 

bird). 

Psittacus cseruleatas, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 937 (1789-1813); id. 
Gen. Zool viii. p. 539 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 93, pi 16 
(1811); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 336 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. p. 1379 
(1823). 

Psittacus cyanurus, 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. \m. p. 538 (ex Levaill. pL 97) 
(1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 41 (1820); Brehm, Mon. Papag. 

t. 68 (1855). 
Psittacus cyanonotus, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 334 (ex Levaill. pi. 93) 
(1817); "id. Enc. MSth. p. 1378 (1823). 
Blue-fringed Lory, Lath Gen. Hist. ii. p. 227 (1822). 
Blue-tailed Lory, Lath. ibid. 
Eed Lory, Lath. op. cit. p. 229 (1822). 
Lorius ruber, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 132 (1826) ; Less. Tr. oVOrn. 

p. 192 (1831); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 123 (1864); Einsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865) ; Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii.pp. 332, 
334 (1866) ; id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Pevue, p. 56 (1874) ; Gieb. 
Thes. Om.il p. 502(1875). 
Lorius borneus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 132 (1826). 
Lorius cyanurus, Steph. ibid.; Wall P. Z. S. 1864, p. 289 (note). 
Eos rubra, Waql. Mon. Psitt. p. 558 (1832) ; G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 


p. 417, no. 2 (1845); Bp. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 23; id. Per. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1854, p. 156. no. 289; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
sp. 298; Souance, Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 226; Horsf. 8f 
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. * Co. ii. p. 629 (1856); Wall. Ann. 
8r Mag. N H. (3) iii. p. 147 (1859) ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit 
Mus. p. 51 (1859); Selat. P. Z. S. I860, p. 226; G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. * 
18C0, p. 356; Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 284 ; Posenb. Joum f. Orn. 1862, 
pp. 61, 66; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 140, 141 (1863); 
Einsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigt. p. xviii (1863); Wall. 
P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 290, 295; Pelz. Novara Rets., Vog. p 98 (1865) ; 
G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 154, no. 8201 (1870); Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 33, no. 69 (1877); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 86; 
Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 170, 173, pi. xvi. ff. 7, 9 (skull and 
lower mandible) ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol I p. 251 (1880); id. 
Voy. Chall, Birds, p. 68 (1881); Bias. v. Nehrh. Verh. z.-b. Gesellsch. 
Wien, 1882, p. 416; Bias. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 701; Sclat. List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 319 (1883); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Se. Tor. ser. 2, 

xl. p. 168 (1889); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 73 (1889). 
Psittacus guebuensis, part., S. Mull Verh. Land-en Volkenk. p. 107 
(1839-1844). l 
Lorius cseruleatus, 
G. It G?\ Gen. B. ii. p. 416, no. 4 (1845) ; id. List 
Ptitt Brit Mus. p. 50 (1859); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 289 (note) 

2. EOS. 
25 
?Eos squamata, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 2t>Q (Ceram); G. R. Gr. 

P. Z. S. I860, p. 357 (Bourou). 
Eos sp. (ex Ins. Kei), Rosenb. Journ.f. Orn. 1862, p. C5. 
Eos rubra, var., Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 21. 
Psittacus (Eos) bernsteinii, Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. 
p. 146 (1863). 
Lorius squamatus, Schlep, {rite Bodd.), 3£us. P.-P. Psittaci, p. 124, 
nos. 1,2 (types examined) (1864); Fimch, Nen-Guin. p. 157 (1865) j 
Rosenb. Rets naar <le Zuidoostereil. p. 80 (1867). 

Domicella rubra, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 786 (1868;; Lenz, Journ. 

f. Orn. 1877, p. 364; Rchnw. Journ f. Om. 1881, p. 169 (Omp. 
Psitt. p. 105) ; id. Vogelbild. t. xxxi. f. 4 (1878-83). 
Domicella 
scblegelii, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 792 (1868) (types 
examined). 

Adult. Eed ; under tail-coverts and longest scapulars blue; a band 
from the thighs to the under tail-coverts also blue ; wings red; the 
three or four first primaries black, with the base of the inner web 
red; the other quills red, with black tips; the innermost quills 
black, tinged with blue towards the tips ; tail above dull red, underneath 
golden red, with the base of the inner web of the tail-feathers 
bright red; bill rod; feet dusky black. Total length 12*5 inches, 
wing 6*5, tail 4*4, bill 0*95, tarsus 0*8. 

Touny. The feathers of the underparts are more or less edged 
with blue; under tail-coverts red tinged with purple. 

Hob. The Southern Moluccas—Bouru, Ceram, Amboyna, Harouko, 
Ceram-Laut, Goram, Monawolka, Matabello, Tejor, Khoor, Banda, 
and Ke Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. No locality. 
Laugier Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Ceram. 
Wallace Coll. 
c. c? ad. sk. Amboyna (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Amboyna. Wallace Coll 
fy9' <S $ ad. sk. Amboyna, May. H. O. Forbes [C.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Goram. 
Wallace Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Goram (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
Jc. Ad. sk. Goram (A. R. Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, w,n. c? ? ad. sk. Ki Dulan. ' Challenger' Exped. 
o. Ad.; p. Juv. No reliable locality. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. 
q. Var. sk. [Kept alive in confinement.] 
7. Eos semilarvata. 
Eos semilarvata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 4 (1850) (type examined); id. 
Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 135 (1850); id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 27, pi xv.; 
id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, sp. 283; id. Naumannia, 
1856, Coiup. Psitt sp. 302 ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 51 
(1859) ; id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 357; Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, 

p. m; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 144 (1863) ; id. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1864, p. 114, sp. 14; Wall P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 290, 295; 
Schleg. Bierent. p. 68, with figure (1864) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 155, sp. 8208 (1870); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 33, 
n. 68 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e. Mol i. p. 250 (1880) ; id. Mem. R. 
Ac. Sc. Tor. aer. 2, xl p. 168 (1889). 
26 I0RIID-3E. 

Lorius sernilarvatus, Schleg. Mus. R-B. Pbittaci, p. 124 (1864) ; 
Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (I860) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Revue, p. 57 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 502 (1875); Rosenb. 
Heist, naar Geelvhikb. p. 47 (1875). 

Domicella semilarvata, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 794 (1868); Rehmv. 
Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 168 (Cvnyp. Psitt. p. 104); id. Yogelbild., 
Nachtr. 41 (1883). 

Adult Red; band on the cheeks from the base of the lower 
mandible to the ear-coverts blue; vent and a spot on the longeht scapulars 
also blue ; wings red ; primaries and their coverts black, 
on the inner web red; secondaries red, with the tips black, under 
wing-coverts red; tail above dull red, the inner web of the tail-
feathers red; tail underneath red, dusky towards the tip; bill 
orange-red ?; feet black. Total length 8*9:2 inches, wing 5-18, tail 
3*94, bill 0*82, tarsus 0*59. {Leyden Museum.) 

Young. The blue on the cheeks less extended; the feathers of 
the abdomen with narrow blue edges; a spot on the abdomen and 
the under tail-coverts blue; primary-coverts dusky, edged with blue 
outwardly. {Darmstadt Museum.) 

Hah. Unknown. 

8. Eos wallacei. 
Lory de Gueby, IP Aubent. PL Enl. 684 (jun.) (probable type ex


amined). 
Lory rouge et violet, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 125 (jun.) (1779). 
Psittacus squamatus, Bodd. TabL PL Fnl. p. 42 (ex PL Fnl. G84) 

(1783). 
Psittacus guebiensis, part., Gm. S. N. i. p. 318,11. 60 (1788); Lath. 
Ind. Orn. i. p. 90, n. 24 (partim) (1790); ? Less. Toy. Coq., Z00L 

i. p. 628 (1828); Temm. TabL MM. p. 60 (1839); Brehm, Mon. 
Papag. t. 69 {ex Levaill.) (1855). 
Lory £caille*, Levaill. Pen: pi. 51 (1801). 
Psittacus squanieus, Shaw. Gen. Zool. vii. p. 403 (ex PL Enl. 684) 

(1811). 
Gueby Lory, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 134 (excl. var. A et JB) (1822). 
Psittacus guebuensis, part., Vieill. Fnc. Meth. p. 1380 (1823). 
Lorius guebiensis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 132 (1826); Less. Tr. 

cFOrn. p. 193 (1831). 
Eos guebiensis, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 559 (1832) (type examined); 
Bp. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 28; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, 

n. 284; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 299; Schleg. 
Dierent. p. 68 (1864). 
Eos squamata, G. R. Gh\ Gen. B. ii. p. 417, n. 3 (1845) ; Sclat. 
Jour. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 165, n. 109 (1858) ; G. R. Gr. P.Z. S. 
1858, p. 194; id. Cat. B. New Gtdn. pp. 39, 59 (1859) : id. List 
Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 51 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436; Wall 
Ibis, 1861, p. 311; id. P. Z S. 1864, pp. 290, 295; G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 155, sp. 8207 (1870) (exel. syn. et patria). 

Eos cochinsinensis, var., G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 431, 436 ; 
Bernst. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. p. 297 (1864). 

Eos guebensis, Rosenb. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 63 (Waigiou); id. 
Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 143. 225 (1863); id. Jour. f. 
Orn. 1864, p. 113, sp. 12. 

Lorius (Eos) wallacei, Finsch, Journ.f. Orn. 1864, p. 411. 

2 . EOS. 
27 

Eos wallacei, Newt. Ibis, I860, p. 340; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 155, 
sp.8206 (1870) (et< Waigiou, Gueb<§, Obi I) 5 Salmd. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. x. p. 34, n. 70 (1877) ; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 255 
(1880); Nehrk Joum.f. Orn. 1885, p. 31; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885. 

p. 621; Saivad. Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 169 (1889). 
Domicella riciniata, part., Finsch, Papay. ii. p. 803 (1868). 
Lorius riciniatus, var. wallacei, Briiggem. Abh. naturio. Ver. Brem. 
v. p. 42 (1876;. 
Domicellawallacii, Rchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 167 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 103); id. VogelUld., in the text of pi. xxxi. (1878-83). 
Adult. Eed; a collar round the neck, abdomen, and under tail-
coverts purple; primaries black, with, the base of the inner web 
red; secondaries and greater wing-coverts red, with the tips black; 
some of the inner quills and the longest scapularies dull purple; 
tail above dull purple-red; tail-feathers underneath at the base of 
the inner web red, yellowish red with golden reflexions towards 
the tip; bill orange-red; feet dusky black. Total length 10*50 
inches, wing 6, tail 4*10, bill 0-80, tarsus 0-7. 

Young. Red; the feathers of the head, neck, back, breast, and 
sides with purple edges; ear-coverts tinged with purple; interscapular 
region and scapulars dusky purple ; under tail-coverts 
purplish red. 

Eab. The western Papuan Islands—Waigiou, Guebe, Batanta, 
and a small island near Mysol. 

a, b. <$ g ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace Ooll 
c, d. Ad. sk. Waigiou (A. P. Wallace). Gould Ooll. 

9. Eos insularis. 
Eos insularis, Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 565, pi. xxxiv. (Weeda isl.) ; 
Saivad. Ibis, 1886, p. 154; id. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. % xl. 

p. 149 (,1889). 
" This species much resembles E. rieiniata, but differs in the following 
particulars. The occipital violet patch is very small, and is 
separated from the nuchal collar by a broad band of red. Both the 
nuchal and prepectoral violet collars are small, and the violet on 
the abdomen does not pass upwards on to the breast, thus leaving a 
broad red pectoral band. The iris is red, thus differing from E. riciniata, 
in which it is yellow; and, lastly, the latter species is of 
markedly smaller size, as will be seen on a comparison of the 
measurements. Iris red; bill orange, yellow at the tip; feet 
black. Total length 27-2-25-5 centim., wing 15-2-13-8 centim." 
(Guillemard.) 

Hah. Weeda Islands, to the S.E. of Halmaheira. 

I have seen one of the typical specimens, lent to me by the 
Hon. Walter Rothschild, and I must say that although sufficiently 
distinct from the ordinary specimens of E. riciniata, it is scarcely 
different from some specimens of E. wallacei; the only difference I 
can perceive is in the violet colour being a little duller in E. insularis, 
with scarcely any tinge of blue. 

L0RI1DJ2. 

10. Eos riciniata. 
? Le petit Lori de Gueby, Sonnerat, Voy. a la Nbuv. Guin. p. 174, 

pi. 109 (1776). 
? Gueby Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 219, n. 21 (1781). 
Variegated Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 220, n. 22 (1781) (tail green!); 

id. Gen. Hist ii. n. 137 (1822). 
Psittacus guenbiensis, Scop, Del. Flor. et Faun. Imiibr. p. 87, n. 28 
(1786) (ar Sonnerat). 
Cochinchina Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 65, no. 143 (1787) (false 
descr.); id. Gen. Mist. ii. p. 231 (1822). 

Psittacus guebiensis, part., Gm. S. N. i. p. 318, n. 60 (1788); Lath. 
Ind. Orn. i. p. 90, n. 24 (partim); Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 70 
(1811); KM, Consp. Psitt. p. 39 (1820). 

Psittacus variegatus, Gm. S. N i. p. 319, no. 62 (ex Latham) (1788); 
Lath, Ind. Orn. i. p. 90, no. 25 (1790); Bechst Kurze Uebers. 

p. 70 (1811); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 464 (1811); Vieill N. D. 
xxv. p. 338 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 98 (1820) ; Vieill JEnc. 
Meth. p. 1381 (1823). 

Psittacus cochinsinensis, Lath, Ind. Orn. i. p. 116, no. 103 (1790). 

Perruche a chaperon bleu, Levaill. Perr. pi. 54 (1801). 

Psittacus riciniatus, Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 69, pi. 4 (1811); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 42 (1820); S. Mull Verh. Land-en Volkenk. p. 107 
(1839-1844). 
Psittacm oochinchmensis, Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 94 (1811) ; 
Vieill N D.xxv. p. 310 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 99 (1820) ; 
Vieill. Fnc. Meth. p. 1365 (1823). 
Psittacus cucullatus, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 461 (1811). 
Gueby Lory, var. A, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 134 (1822). 
Psittacus guebuensis, part., Vieill Fnc. Meth. p. 1380 (1823). 
Lorius cucullatus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 132 (1826). 
Lorius isidorii, Sw. Zool III. ser. 2, vol. i. pi. 8 (1829). 
Eos cocliinchinensis, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 5G0 (1832). 
Eos variegata, Wagl I c. (1832). 
Eos cochinsinensis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417, n. 4 (1845); id. 
List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 52 (1859) ; id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 356; id. 
Sand-list, ii. p. 154, sp. 8202 (1870). 
Eos isidorii, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417, n. 6 (1845). 
Eos riciniata, Bp. P. Z. & 1850, p. 29; id. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 

1854, p. 156, n. 2S5; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 300; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 226, 227, 1862, p. 140; Wall P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 290; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 684; Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. vii. p. 760 (1875), x. p. 34, n. 71 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol. i. p. 259 (1880) ; Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 319 
(1883); Pleske, Bull. Acad. Petersb. xxix. p. 523(1884); Guillem. 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 564; Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2. xl. 
p. 169 (1889); TriMr. Cat. Coll B. p. 73 (1889). 
Eos indica, var., G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 51 (1859). 
Eos ricinata, Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 62; id. Nat. Tijdschr. 
Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 141, 142 (1863); Bernst Nat Tijdschr. Ned. 
Ind. xxvii. p. 294 (1864). 

Lorius riciniatus, Schleg. Mtis. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 125 (1864); Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865) ; Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Uierk. iii. p. 335 
(1866); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 57 (1874) ; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn.il p. 502(1875). 

Domicella riciniata, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 803 (1868); Rchnw. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 166 (Consp. Psitt p. 102); id. Voqelbild. 

t. xxxi. f. 3 (1878-83). 
2. EOS. 29 
Lorius ricinatus, Bosenb. Heist, naar Geelvinkb. p. 6Y1875); Fischer, 
Abh. Brem. v. p. 538 (1878). 

Adult Eed; occiput, nape, a collar round the neck, abdomen, 
and under tail-coverts purple; primaries black, with the base of the 
inner web red, secondaries and greater wing-coverts red with the 
tips black; some of the inner quills and the longest scapularies dull 
purple; tail above dull purple-red : tail-feathers underneath, at the 
base of the inner web red, yellowish red with golden reflexions 
towards the tips; bill orange-red; feet dusky black. Total length 
10 inches, wing 5*6, tail 4, bill 0*78, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. Head, neck, back, breast, and sides red, with dark olive 
narrow bands, only the tips of the feathers being red; occiput red; 
a purple cross band on the front neck; scapulars dark olive; under 
tail-coverts red, edged with olive or yellowish olive. 

Hal. The Halmahera group—Halmahera, Ternate, Motir, Tidore, 
Batchian, Morty, Moor, Dammar, Makian, and Obi Islands. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Purchased. 
b. 6 ad.; c. Ad. Halmahera. "Wallace Coll. 
var. sk. 
d. $ ad. sk. Ternate. Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
/ , g. Ad.; h. § 
Ternate, July. 
Batchian. 
L. Laglaize [C.]. 
Wallace Coll. 
t, k. Ad. & yg. sk.
I. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. 
Batchian (A. B. Wallace). 
[Celebes.] 
[Timor-laut.] 
Gould ColL 
Purchased. 
Capt. W. Chambers 
tP.]. 
11. Eos rubiginosa. 

Chalcopsitta rubiginosa, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 3 (1850); id. Compt. 
Bend. xxx. p. 134 (1850); id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 26 (note), pi. xvi.; 
id. Bei}. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, n. 292; id. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Bsitt. n. 306; Selat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; Wall. Ibis, 
1861, p. 290; G. B. Gr. P. Z. 3. 1861, p. 436; Bosenb. Journ. f. 
Orn. 1862, p. 63 ; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 143 (1863); 

Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 289, 294; Feb. Novara Beise, Vog. p. 99 

(1865) ; G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, n. 8193 (1870); Tristr. 

Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (1889). 

Eos rubiginosa, G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 53 (1859); id. 
Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 40, 59 (1859); Bosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, 

p. 114; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 267 (1880). 
Lorius rubiginosus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 129 (1864) ; 
Finsch, Neu-Gum. p. 157 (1865); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Rmm, p. 58 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 502 (1875)., 

Bomicella rubiginosa, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 781 (1868); id. P. Z. S. 
1869, pp. 127,128,1872, p. 88. 

Trichoglossus rubiginosus, Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. Heft xii. 
pp. 17, 18 (1876); id. P. Z. $. 1877, p. 778; id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1880, p. 284; id. Ibis, 1881, pp. 110, 111, 114; Bchnw. Journ. f. 
Orn. 1881, p. 162 (Consp. Psitt. p. 98); id. Vogelbild. t. xxx. f. 6 
(1878-83). 

Adult. Dark cherry-red with a purplish tinge; feathers of the 

30 
LOEIIDJ3. 

breast, abdomen, and also of the back with purple-black edges; 
quills dark olive, beneath dusky black; tail above dark olive, 
beneath ochre-olive ; bill yellow, or perhaps red in the living bird : 
feet blackish : iris red. Total length 9-50 inches, wing 5*40, 

tail 4, bill 0-80, tarsus 0*61. 
Hah. Puynipet, Caroline Islands, 
a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. sk.
c. tf ad. sk.
d. J ad. sk. 
[Waigiou.] 
No locality. 
Ponape, 6 March, 1880 (Br.
Finseh), 
Ponape (J. Kubary), 
O. 
Purchased. 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Purchased. 

12. Eos fuscata. 
Eos fuscata, Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. xxvii. p. 279 (1858) ; G. R. Gr. 

P. Z. S. 1859, p. 158; Wall. Ibis, 1859, p. 210; Sclat P. Z. S. 
I860, p. 227; G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1801, p. 436; Wall. P. Z. S. 
1804, pp. 291, 295; Schleg. Dierent. p. 08 (with figure), p. Ci> 
(1864); Sclat P. Z. S.1873, p. 697; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen, 
vii. p. 760 (1875), x. p. 34, n. 72, p. 122 (1877); D'Alb. Sydn. 
Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. x. p. 19 (18*77); 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 253 (1878), iv. p. 90 
(1879); D'Alb. e Saload. Ann. Mm, Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 37 (1879); 
Sharpe, Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. xiv. pp. 628, 086 (1879); Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 263 (1880); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 622; 
Sharps, Gould's B. New Guin. pt. xxi. pi. 3 (1886) ; Salvad. Mem. 
R. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. Iu9 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p. 73 (1889). 
Eos (Ohalcopsitta) torrida, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. p. 102 
(1859). 
Eos leucopygialis, Rosenb. Journ. f> Orn. 1862, p. 64. 
Ohalcopsitta leucopygialis, Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. 

pp. 144, 224 (1863) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 18(34, p. 113, sp. 10. 
Lorius fuscatus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 122 (1864); Finseh, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 

p. 55 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 501 (1875); Rosenb. Reist. 
naar Geehinkb. p. 113 (1875). 
Domicella fuscata, Finseh, Papaq. ii. p. 807, t. 6 (1868); Meyer, 
Sitzb. k. Ak. Wissensch. Wien, Ixx. p. 236 (1874); id. Sitzb. Ms 
Dresd. 1875, p. 78 ; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 147; Rclmw. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 164 (Consp. Psitt. p. 100); id. Voyelbild. t. xxxi. f. 9 
(1878-83). 

Ohalcopsitta fuscata, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, sp. 8194 
1870). 
Chalcopsittacus fuscatus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 397 
(1876). 

Eos 
incondita, Meyer, Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 1886, p. 6, Taf. 1. f. 2; 
Sharpe, Nature, vol. 34. p. 340 (1886); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. (2) xl. p. 169 (1889). 

• Adult. Dusky brown; vertex and a band on the nape reddish 
orange; a band across the throat and another across the breast, 
middle of the abdomen and tibiae red; feathers of the hind neck, interscapular 
region, and lower throat edged with reddish or greyish, or 
3 . L0KITJS. 
even with olive colour; lower back and uropygium yellowish white ; 
under^ tail-coverts purple-blue; the wings show a purple tinge on 
the primary-coverts and on the anterior great coverts ; the innermost 
great coverts and the inner secondaries have a tinge of chestnut; primaries 
with a slight tinge of olive on the outer edges, and with the 
inner web red towards the base; under wing-coverts partly red; 
tail above greyish purple, the central tail-feathers towards the base 

reddish; tail-feathers beneath red at the base of the inner web, 
reddish olive towards the tips: bill red or orange-yellow; feet 
dusky; iris red. Total length 10*5 inches, wing 6-3, tail 3*5, 
bill 0-88, tarsus 0-69. 

Young. Yellow where the adult bird is red. 

Hob. New Guinea, Jobi, Salwatty. 

a. Ad.; b, c. tf § Dorey. 
Wallace Coll. 
imm.; d. $ (Types of Eos torrid a, Gr.) 
juv. 

e. 2 ad.;/, c? Dorey. 
Wallace Coll. 
imm. 
r/, h. Ad.; $ imm. Dorey (A. M. Wallace). Gould Coll. 

i. Ad. sk. Amberbaki. L. Laglaize [C.]. 
k, I. Imm. & juv. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
m. 2 ad. S.E. New Guinea {JR.. Hunstein).Tweeddale Coll. 
n. $ imm. Mount Owen Stanley. C. Hunstein [0.]. 
o. Ad. Astrolabe Mountains. Hon. Ii. Romilly 
[P.]. 
p, q. Imm. Port Moresby. Gould Coll. 

r. Imm. Port Moresby. K.Broadbent[C.]. 
3. LOBIFS. 
Type. 
Lorius* Vig. Zool. Jown. ii. p. 400 (1825) L. domicella. 
Domicella, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 49o (1832) L. domicella. 

Range. From the Moluccas to the Solomon Islands. 

Keg to the Bjpecies. 
, Pileum black. 


a. No yellow band across the crop region. 
a'. Under wing-coverts red. 
a'\ Abdomen purple ?iypoenochrous, p. 32. 
b'r. Abdomen blue. 

a"\ Breast dark blue; the blue colour 
joining in the adult birds with 
the blue of the nape lory, p. 33. 

b"f. Breast red 
erythrothorax, p. 35. 

b'. Under wing-coverts blue, 
c". A band below the occiput red jobiensis, p. 35. 
d'f. No red band below the occiput cyanauchen, p. 36. 

b. A yellow band across the crop region. 
c. 
tjuills with the base of the inner web 
yellow domicella, p. 37. 
* The genus Lorius is generally attributed to Brisson, who did not use the 
name in a generic sense. 
32 
LORIIDJE. 

d'. Quills with the base of the inner web 
red chlorocercus, p. 38. 

II. Pileum like the rest of the head red. 
a. 
Under wing-coverts light blue; tibiae of a 
brighter blue tibialis, p. 39. 
b. Under wing-coverts yellow. 
a'. Interscapular region red, often with a 
few yellow feathers in the middle .. garrulus, p. 39. 
b'. Interscapular region yellow fiavopalliatus, p. 41. 

1. Lorius hjrpoenochroiis. 
? Psittacus lory, Less, {nee Linn.), Voy. Coq. Zool. i. p. 342 (1826) 

(Nouvelle Irlande). 
Lorius tricolor, part.', G. R. Gh\ P.Z. 8. 1858, p. 194. 
Lorius hypoinochrous, G.R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 49 (1859); 

id. Cat. B. New Gum. p. 39 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436, id. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 153, sp. 8185 (1870) ; id. Cruise Curaeoa, Birds, 

p. 380, pi. 14 (1873) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 501 (1875). 
Lorius hypoenochrous, 
Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 289 ; 8clat P. Z. S. 
1869, pp. 122, 124; id. P.Z. 8. 1876, p. 460 (East New Guin.); 
id. Ibis, 1876, p. 364; id. P.Z, 8. 1877, p. 108, 1878, p. 289; 
8alvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 32, n. 55 (1877) ; 8clat. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 447; 8alvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 365; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. 

p. 221 (1880); Layard, Ibis, 1880, pp. 300, 806 (Admiralty Isl.!) ; 
Tristr. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 996; id. Ibis, 1882, p. 143 (Solomon 
Islands!); Sliarpe, Journ. Linn. 8oc., Zool. xvi. p. 426 (1882) ; 
Ramsay, Ibis, 1882, p. 473; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 518 
(1882) ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. vii. p. 43 (1882) ; 
Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 166 (1889); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (1889). 
Domicella hypoinochroa, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 768 (1868); id. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 17. 

Domicella hypoenochroa, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 127, 1879, p. 17 ; 
Rchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, pp. 172, 396 (Consp. Psiit. pp. 108, 
229); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxi. f. 5 (1878-83). 

Lorius hypoenochroa, Cab. u. Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1876, p. 324, 

n. 73. 
Adult. Red ; interscapular region with a cross band dark purple-
red ; pileum black : lower abdomen, tibieo, and under tail-coverts 
purple; wings green ; under wing-coverts red; basal part of the 
inner web of the quills yellow* base of the tail red, the apical half 
purple tinged with greenish above, golden olive-yellow underneath 
; bill orange-red; feet blackish; iris scarlet. Total length 
11 inches, wing h'S, tail 3*6, bill 1*05, tarsus 0*8. 

Hah. Louisiade Archipelago, New Guinea near East Cape, New 
Ireland, New Britain, and New Hanover. 

a. tf ad. sk. Louisiade Archipelago, 30th Voyage of H.M.S. 
b. J ad. sk.
c. d. S ad. sk.
June, 1849. 
St. Aignan, Louisiade Apelago, 10th Oct., 1879. 
East Cape.
rchi'.
Rattlesnake.' (Type 
of species.) 
Capt. G. E. Richards 
[P.]. 
C. Hunstein [O.]. 

3 . 10KITJS. 33 
e,f.
g.
h. 
Ad. sk. 
J ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Possesion Bay, April 1874(Comrie). 
New Britain. 
New Britain (Rev. G. Brown). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Rev. G. Brown [ 
Tweeddale Coll. 
0.1 

2. Lorius lory. 
P Psittacus orientalis exquisitus Loeri dictus, Seba. Thes. i. p. 37. 
f. 4 (1734). F 
First black-capped Lory, Edw. Birds, iv. pi. 170 (1751). 
? Ara moluccentds varia, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 197 (1700) (ex Seba). 
Lorius philippensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 225, pi. xxiii. f. 2 (17G0); 
Hartl. Syst Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844) ; Mors/. $ Moure, Cat. 

B. Mus. JE. I. Camp. ii. p. 629 (1858). 
Psittacus lory, Linn. S. N. i. p. 145 (1766); Gm. S. N. i. p. 335, 
n. 27 (1788) ; Lath. hid. Orn. ii. p. 155, n. 98 (1790); Shaw. 
Nat. Misc. pi. 633 (1803?); id. Gen. ZooL viii. p. 534 (1812); 
Bechbt. Kurze Uebers. p. 92 (1811); KuM, Consp. Psitt. p. 41 
(1820); Vieill. JEnc. Meth. p. 1380 (1823); Lets. Toy. Coq. i. 
p. 628 (1828); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 745 (1831); Temm. Tabl. 
Meth. p. 60 (1839) ; 8. Mull Verh. Land- en Volkenk. p. 107 (18391844). 
Lory des Philippines, D'Aub. PL Enl. 168. 

Lory tricolor, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 132 (1779). 

? Giand Perruclie a bandeau noir, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. -\i. p. 158 

(1779). 
? Black-crowned Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 213 (1781); id. Gen. Hist 

ii. p. 125 (1822). 
Black-capped Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 273, n. 78 (1781). 
Psittacus atricapillus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 317 (1788); Lath. hid. Orn. 
i. p. 88, n. 18 (1790); Bechbt. Kune Uebers. p. 03 (1811) j VieilL 
JEnc. Meth. p. 1387(1823). 
Lory a scapulaire bleu, Lemill. Perr. pis. 123,124 (1805). 
^P&ittacus sebanus, Shato, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 459 (1812). 
Lorius 
tricolor, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 132 (1826); Less. Toy 
Coq., Zool. i. p. 628 (1828); id. Tr. aVOm. p. 192 (1831); G. It 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 416, n. 2 (1845); Bp. Rev. et May. de ZooL 
1854, p. 156, sp. 282 j id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp.295; 
SouancS, Rev. et Maq. de Zool. 1856, p. 22b; Sclat. Journ. Pr. 
Linn. Soc. ii. p. 165* sp. 108 (1858); G. P. Gr. P.Z.S. 1858, 

p. 194 (partim); id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 39, 59 (partim) 
(1859); id. P.Z.S. 1859, p. 158; Sclat. P.Z.S. 1860, p. 227; 
Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 311; G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436; Rosenb. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1862, pp. 63, 64; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Lnd. xxv. 
pp. 142, 143, 147, 22o, sp. 17 (1863); Benibt. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. 
Lnd.xxvl p. 297 (1864); Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 114, 
sp. 17; Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 118 (1864); Finsch, Neu-
Gain. p. 157 (1865); Schleq. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 54 
(1874); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587 ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1874, p. 684 ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 503 (1875); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 174, 
pi. xvi. f. 11; Sclat. List Vert An. 8tk ed. p. 318 (1883). 
Domicella lorv, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 568 (1832); Wall. Ann. <$• 

Mag. N. H. (3) iii. p. 147 (1859). 
Psittacus lorius, WeinL Journ. f. Orn. 1854, B. p, Ixxv. 
Lorius lorv, Wall. Ami. % Maq. N. II. (3; iii. p. 148 (1859); id. 

P. 2. & 1864, p. 288; Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 759 
(1875), x. p. 32, n. 56, p. 122 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e MoL i. 
VOL, XX. D 

34 LORIIILi:. 

p. 223 (1880); Nehrk. Jour. f. Orn. 1885, p. 31; Guillem. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 621 ; Salvacl Ibis, 1886, p. 154; id. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. ser. 2, si. p. 167 (1889); Meyer, Vogel-Skelett. t Ixix. 
(1878-89). 
Lorius cyanauchen, Hosenb. (nee Mull), Xat, Tijdsehr. Xed. Ltd. 

xxv. pp. 143, 225, sp. 18 (1863) ; id. Jour. f. Orn. 1804, p. 114, 
sp. 18; Bernst Dagboek, pp. 82, 126, 151 (1883). 
Domicella lori, Finsch, Papay. ii. p. 769 (1868); Meyer, Sitzb. Is. Ah. 
Wissensch. Wien, Ixx. pp. 233, 23S (partim) (1874); id. tiitzb. 

Jsis JDresd, 18757 p. 78 (partim); id. Ibis, lfc75, p. 147 ; JRchmc. 

Fogelbild. t. xi. f. 2 (1878-83). 

Lorius lori, G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, sp. 8187 (1870) ; Garrod, 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 5S7; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coil. p. 455 (18b2) : 
Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 73 (1889). 
Domicella tricolor, Hchmv. Vogelbild. t. xi. f. 2 (1878-83) ; id. 
Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 172 (Consp. Psitt. p. 10a). 
Eos (!) tricolor, Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 318 (1883). 


Adult. Crown black; sides of the head, throat, sides of the 

breast and of the abdomen, lower back, uropygium and upper tail-

coverts red ; a band below the occiput and sometimes another 

across the interscapular region pale red; hind neck, interscapular 

region, and breast blue ; the blue of the breast is joined with that 

on the hind neck; abdomen, tibice, and under tail-coverts brighter 

blue; wings green, some of the upper wing-coverts and of the 

inner quills tinged with golden olive ; under wing-coverts red ; the 

base of the inner web of the quills yellow; tail above dark red at 

the base, greenish in the middle, dark blue at the apical half, 

underneath bright red at the base, golden-olive towards the tip : 

bill red; feet black ; iris pale yellow. Total length 12 inches, 

wing 6*4, tail 4-1, bill 1, tarsus 8. 

Imm. The blue of the breast is not joined to that of the hind 

neck. 

Young. No red band below the occiput; interscapular region 

greenish; a blue collar round the neck; the upper breast red ; the 

greater under wing-coverts yellow7 with black tips, the smaller and 

median ones mingled with green, blue, and red; the middle part of 

the tail above greenish. 

Hab. North-western New Guinea, Salwatty, Batanta, Waigiou, 
and Mysol. 

a. cS ad.; 5. ? Dorey. A. E. Wallace Coll. 
Juv.; 
c. Juv. sk. 
d. S ad. sk. Salwatty, July. Tweeddale Coll. 
e. £ ad. sk. Waigiou. A. R. Wallace Coll. 
/ . 2 ad. sk. Waigiou (A. P. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
V/. $ ad. sk. Mysol, July (von Rosenlerg). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. $ ad. ? sk. New Guinea. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 
i. Ad. sk. [Philippine Isl., wrong locality.] Laugier Coll. 
h. Ad. var. st. No exact locality, * Purchased. 
/. 1mm. st. No locality. " Purchased. 
3 . LOKIUS. 
35 
3. Lorius erythrothorax. 
Domicella lorv, part, Meyer, Sitzb. k. Ah. Wissemeh. Wien, kx. 
p. 227 (Rubi) (1874). 
Lorius lory, Saivad. # PA lb. (nee Linn.), Ann, Mus. Civ, Gen. vii. 
p. 812 (1875); I)"Alb. Sydn. Mail 1877, p. 24.8: id. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. x. p. 19 (1877). 
Lorius erythrothorax, Saivad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen, x. p. 32, n. 57 
(1867); DP All. fy Saivad. op. cit. xiv. p. 39 (1879); Saivad. Ibis, 
1879, p. 320; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 230 (1880),-Sharpe, 
Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 420 (1882); Saivad. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol. iii. p. 518 (1882); Fimch u. Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 
1886, p. 5 ; Saivad. Ibis, 1886, p. 154; id. Mem. P. Ac. So. Tor. 

ser. 2, xl. p. 167 (1889) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (18S9): Meyer. 
Ibis, 1890,*p. 413. ^ k \ J> J , 
Lorius hypoenochrous, var., Ra7?isay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. 

p. 72 (1878); Pchnw. $ Schal Journ.f Orn. 1880, p. 208. 
Lorius guglielmi, Ramsay, I. c. p. 73 (1878); Pchnw. § Schal 
Journ.f, Orn. 1880, p. 208; Rchnv. Journ.f. Om. 1881, p. 397 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 229). 

Lorius hypoenochrous, var. guglielmi, Ramsay, I. c. p. 106 (1878). 
Lorius hypoenochrous, Ramsay (nee Gray), I. c. p. 254 (1878), iv. 

p. 90 (partim) (1879). 
Domicella eiythrothorax, 
Rchnio. Journ.f Orn. 1881, p. 173 (Consp. 
B>itt p. 109); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 43 (1883). 

Adult. "Very much like the adult of L. lory, from which it differs 
in having the upper breast entirely red, so that the blue of the 
underparts is not joined to the blue of the hind neck and interscapular 
region; it seems also that in the present species the red 
band across the blue interscapular region is constant. Dimensions 
as in L. lory. 

Hab. New Guinea, from Port Moresby, through the Fly River 
region to Rubi district in the southern part of Geelvink Bay. 

a. Ad. sk. Goldie River. A. Goldie [C.1 
b. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. A. Goldie [O.J. 
c. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 
d. e,f. Ad. sk.; Astrolabe Mts. lion. II. Romilly 
g. Juv. sk. [0.]. 
h. Juv. sk. S. New Guinea. Purchased. 

4. Lorius jobie&sis, 
Domicella cyanauchen, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 
p. 54 (1854). 
Domicella Ion, var. jobiensis, Meyer, Sitzb. h. Ah. Wissenseh. Mien, 
Ixx. pp. 229,231,233 (1874) (type examined); id. Ibis, 1875, p. 147. 
Lorius tricolor, Rosenb, {nee Steph.), Reid. naar Geehinhb. p. 56 
(1875). 
Lurius jobiensis, Saivad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 759 (1875), x. 

p. 32, n. 58 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 232 (1880); id. Mem. 
M. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 167 (1889). 
Domicella jobiensis, Meyer, Sitzb, Ms Lresd. 1875, p. 78; Rehmv. 
Juum, f.'Orn. 1881, p. 173 (Consp. Psitt. p. 109) ; id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 43 (1883). 

36 LOBIIDJB. 

Adult. Very much like L. lory, from which, it differs in having 
the under wing-coverts blue, except the greater ones which are 
black, more or less mingled with yellow at the base; the upper 
breast is constantly red; the blue colour of the nape extends on 
the sides of the neck in a sort of an incipient collar; on the interscapular 
region there is constantly a red band across; size generally 
larger than in L. lory. Total length 12-9-11-18 inches, wing 
7-07-6-68, tail 4-71-4-12, bill 1-18-1*10, tarsus 0-90. 

Eab. Jobi and Miosnom. 

5. Lorius cyanauchen. 
Psittacus cyanauchen, S. Mull Verh. Land-en Vo!ke?ik. p. 107 
(1839-1844) (type examined); Wiegm. Arch. f Naturg. 1845, 
2, p. 79 ; G. B."Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 33 (1846). 

Lorius superbus, Fras. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 16; G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 416, n. 6 (1845); Fras. Zool Typ. pi. 55 (1849) • Bosenb. 
Joum.f. Orn. 1862, pp. 6o, 68. 
Lorius cyanauchen, SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 225; 
Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 296; Blyth, Jonrn. As. 
Soc. B. xxvii. p. (1858); Ibis, 1859, p. 201; G. B. Gr. Lid 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 50 (1859); id. P.Z.tS. 1859, p. 158; Sclat. 

P. Z. S. I860, p. 227; Wall. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 289 ; Schley Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 50 (18C4); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 395; Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, sp. 8188 
(1870) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bemie, p. 54 (partini) (1874); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 500 (1875); Bosenb. Beist. naar Geehinkb. 
p. 47 (1875) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 759 (1875), x. 
p. 32, n. 59 (1877); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 79 (note) ; id, Orn. Pap. 
e Mol. i. p. 234 (1880); id. Voy. ChalL, Birds, p. 60 (1881) ; id. 
Mem. B. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 16*7 (1889); Meyer, Vogel-
SkeUtt. t. Ixviii. (1879-88). 
Lorius speciosas, Bosenb. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 144, 225, 
sp. 19 (1863); id. Joum.f. Orn. 1864, p. 114, sp. 19. 
Lorius cyanocinctus, Bosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 14-5 
(1863). 
Domicella cyanauchen, Finsch, Papao. ii. p. 773 (1868); Meyer. 
Sitzb. h. Ah. Wiss. Wien, lxx. pp. 229, 232 (1874) ; id. Ibis, 1875, 

p. 147; id. Sitzb. Isis JDresd. 1875, p. 78; BeMw. Vogelbild. 
t. xi. f. 1 (1878-83); id. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 173 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 109). 
Domicella lori mysorensis, Meyer. Sitzb. h. Ak. Wiss. Wien. Ixx. 
p. 233 (1874). 
Adult. Very much like L.jobiensis, only wanting the red band 

below the occiput. 
Eab. Mysore. 

a. Ad. sk. ? Zoological Society. (Type 
of Lorius superbus, Fras.) 
b. Ad. sk. ?. Purchased. 
c. d. c? ? ad sk. [Mafoor.J Wallace Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. [MafoorJ (A. B. Wallace). Gould Coll. * 
/. J ad. sk. No exact locality. < Challenger' Exped. 
g. Imm. sk. Mysore (Dr. A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
3. I0BIT7S. 
37 
6. Lorius domicella. 
Second black-capped Lory, Edio. Birds, iv. p. 171 (1751). 
Lorius orientalis indicus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 222, pi. xxiv. f. 1 (1760). 
Lorius torquatus indicns, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 230 (1760). 
Psittacus domicella, Linn. S. N. i. p. 145 (1766); Gm. S. N. i. 


p. 334, XL 26 (1788); Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 114, n. 97 (1790) : 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 535, pi. 81 (1811); Bechst Kurze Uebers. 
p. 92 (1811); KuM, Consp. Psitt p. 40 (1820); Vieill. Bnc. MM. 
p. 1377 (1823); Less. Voy. Cog., Zool. i. p. 627(1828); Voigt, 
Cuv. Uebers. p. 744 (1831); Balm, Orn. Atlas, Papag. t. 42 
(1834); Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 60 (1839); S. Mull. Verh. Land-
en Volhenh p. 107 (1839-44); Weinl. Jour. f. Orn, 1854, B. 
p. Ixxv; Brehm, Man. d. Papag. t. 67 (1855). 
Lory des lades Orientales, D'Aub. PI. Enl. 84 (var.). 
Lory male des Indes Orientales, D1Aub. PI. Enl 119. 
Lory a collier, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 130 (1779), 
Purple capped Lory, Lath. Sun. Av. i. p. 271 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist 


ii. p. 225(1882). 
Perroquet Lori Radhia, Levaill. Perr. pi. 94 (var.) (1801). 
Perroquet Lori a collier jaune, Levaill. Perr. pi. 95 (1801). 
Perroquet Lori a collier (var.), Levaill. Perr. pi. 95 bis (1801). 
Psittacus rex, Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 92 (1811). 
Psittacus raja, Shaiv, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 537, pi. 82 (1811), 
Psittacus radliea, Vieill. N. D. xxv. \\ 337 (1817) ; id. Enc. MSth. 
p. 1380 (1823). 
Hajah Lory, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii, p. 226 (1822). 
Lorius domicella, Vkj. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 400 (1825) ; Steph. Gen. 
Zool xiv. p. 132 (1826) ; Less. Voy. Coq., Zool. I p. 627 (Dorey!) 
(1828); id. Tr. d'Om. p. 192 (1831); Lear, lllustr. Parr. pi. 37 
(1832); Selb. Nat. Libr., Orn. vi. p. 146, pi. 18 (1836); Thienem. 
Fortpflanz. d. ges. Vog. p. 76 (1845); G.R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 416, 

n. 1 (1845); *Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 10 (1849); Bp. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 156, n. 281; id. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp.'Psitt. sp. 292; Bolle, Jour. f. Orn. 1855, p. 170; 
Cassin, Narr. Exp. Perry, ii. p. 241 (1856); Jour. f. Orn. 1858, 
p. 449 (Singapore!); Horsf. fy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. J. Comp. 
ii. p. 630 (1858) ; Sclat. Jour. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 165* (1858) ; 
G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 49 (1859); id. Cat. B. New 
Guin. pp. 39, 59 (1859); Wall. Ibis, 1860, p. 306; G. P. Gr. 
P. Z. S. 1860, p. 356, 1861, p. 436; Wall. Ibis, 1861, pp. 286, 
311; Rosenb. Journ.f. Orn. 1862, p. 61 ; id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. 
Ind. xxv. pp. 140, 141 (1863) ; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 
Berigten, p. xviii (1863); Wall. P.Z.S. 1864, p. 288; Schley. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 120 (1864); Finsch, Neu~Gain. p. 156 
(1865); Peh. Verh. z.~b. Gesellsch. Wien, 1865, p. 923 (var.) ; 
G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, sp. 8184 (1870); Schleg. Mas. P.B. 
Psittaci, Revue, p. 55 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 500 
(1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. x. p. 32, n. 60 (1877); Garrod, 
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 692; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 79 ; Forbes, P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 170 (note); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 236 (1880); 
id. Voy. Chall, Birds, p. 60 (1881); Bias. u. Nehrh. Verh. z.-b. 
Gesellsch. Wien, 1882. p. 416; Sclat. List Vei*t An. 8th ed. p. 317 
(1883); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 564; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 167 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (1889). 
Domicella 
atricapilla, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 597 (1832); Nifzsch, 
Pterylogr. Engl ed. p. 100 (1807); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 763 
(1808); Lenz, Jour. f. Orn. 1877, p. 364 ; Rclimo. Vogelbild. 

38 
L0RI1DJE. 

t. iii. f. 7 (1878-83); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 171 (Consj). Psitt. 
p, 107). 
Doraicella domicella, Wall. Ann. $ Mag. K. JS. (3) in. p. 148 
(1859). 
Lorius domicellus, Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 

Adult. Red, the back and the scapulars a little darker; pileum 
black, occiput violet, a yellow band, somewhat hidden, across the 
crop region ; wings green ; wing-coverts and quills next to the back 
olive-green; bend of the wing and under wing-coverts blue, with 
whitish tips; tibiae blue ; quills with the base of the inner web 
yellow; tail red, with a band at the tip, above dark purple-red, 
below golden red : bill orange-red : feet black ; iris brown, with an 
inner ring yellow. Total length 12 inches, wing 6*9, tail 4, bill 
1*1, tarsus 0*8. 

Young. Has the interscapular region partly tinged with green, 
and the feathers of the tibiao mostly dull green. 

Bab. Ceram and Amboyna. 
a. Ad. sk. Moluccas. Zoological Society. 
b, e. Ad. sk. Ceram. A. E. Wallace Coll. 
d. Var. sk. Ceram. A. R. Wallace Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Ceram. Gould ColL 
/. S ad. sk.
%y. Ad. sk. 
Amboina. 
No locality. 
Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
h. Juv. sk. [Waigiou *.] Wallace ColL 
i. Var. sk. Moluccas. Laugier Coll. 
k. Skeleton. 

7. Lorius chlorocercus. 
Lorius 
chlorocercus, Goidd, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 137 • G. P. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 49 (1859); id. Cat. B. Prop. 1st. p. SI (1859); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. I860, p. 228; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 289 ; Sclat. 

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 183, pi. xvi., 1869, pp. 118, 122, 124; G. P. 
Gr. Hand-lbt, ii. p. 153, sp. 8185 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. 
p. 500 (1875); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. i. p. 67 (187C); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. S3, no. 61 (1877), iv. p. 68 
(1879); id. Nature, xx. p. 125 (1879): Layard, Ibis, 1879, p. 365 ; 
Tristr. Ms, 1879, p. 442; Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 293; Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 239 (18fc0); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N.8. W. vii. p. 33 (1882); Tristr. Ibis, 1882, pp. 138, 143; 
Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 318 (1883); Grant, I\ Z. 8.1888, 
pp. 187, 190; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl, p. 167 
(1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (1889). 
Lorius 
chloronotus (errore), Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
sp. 293. 
Domicella chlorocerca, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 767 (1868); id. P. Z. S. 
1869, p. 127; Rehiw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 171 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 107); id. Voyelbild. t. xxxi. f. 8 (1878-83). 
Adult. Red; pileum as far as the occiput black ; a wide yellow 
band across the crop region; on each side of the neck a"black 

* Evidently a cage-bird; the locality is certainly wrong; perhaps "Wallace 
bought it in Waigiou. 
3 . LORIUS. 
patch, i wings green ; under wing-coverts and tibiae blue; bend of 

the wing bluish white; the base of the inner web of the primaries 

red ; tail red at the base, the apical half green above, golden olive 

below: bill orange-red; feet black ; iris bright red or pale orange. 

Total length 11 inches, wing 6*7, tail 3*9, bill 0-95, tarsus 0-72. 

Hab. Solomon Islands. 

a. tf ad. sk. San Cristoval, 10th Dec, 1854 Voyage of H.M.S. 
(MacGillivray). 
< Herald,' 
(Type of species.) 

b. Ad. sk. Solomon Isl. 
Zoological Society. 
c. Ad. sk. UJaua, Aug. 1805. J. Brenchlev, Esq. [P.l. 
d. Ad. sk. Uffi, Sept. 1865, J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.l 
e. J ad. sk. Ulaua, Aug. 1865. Tweeddale 'Coll. 
/. 3 ad. sk. Ugi, 12th Sept., 1880. Tweeddale Coll. 
g. <$ juv.sk. Guadalcanal^ March. Purchased. 
h. Sternum. 
8. Lor ins tibialis. 
Lorius tibialis, Selat. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 499, 644, pi. xl.; id. Ibis, 1871, 
p. 372; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 788 (cum iigura capitis et 
linguae) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 503 (1«75); Select. P. Z. S. 1875, 
p. 62 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 33, n. 62 (1877); Forbes, 
Ibis, 1877, p. 278; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 240 (lfcSO); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 318 (1883;; Sharpe, Gould's P. 
New Guin. pt. xxv. pi. 3 (1888); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. 
ser. 2, xl. p. 167 (1889). 
Domicella tibialis, Pchnw, Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 170 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 106); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxi. f. 7 (1878-83). 
Adult. Eed, a yellow band, somewhat hidden, across the crop 

region; wings green, some of the upper wing-coverts and of the 

quills next to the back stained with, dull red; bend of the wing and 

under wing-coverts blue, with whitish tips; tibioe blue; quills with 

the base of the inner web yellow ; tail red, with a dark purple band 

at the tip : bill orange ; feet pale. Total length 11*5 inches, wing 

6*6, tail 3-8, bill 1, tarsus 07. 

Hob. Unknown. 

The only specimen known is the type. This bird is very much 
like L. domicella, fro'm which it differs especially in the head, which 
is entirely red and has no black cap. 

Ad. sk. Zoological Soc. Gardens. (Type of species.) 

9. Lorius garrulus. 
Scarlet Lory, Bdw. Birds, iv. pi. 172 (1751). 
Lorius ceramensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 215 (1760) (var.) j Gulliv. 

P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 
Lorius moluccensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 219, t. xxiii. f. 1 (17G0). 
Psittacus garrulus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Fr. ii. p. 14 (1764) ; id. 8. N. i. 
p. 144 (1706); Gm. S. N. i. p. 333 (1788) ; Lath. Lid. Orn. I. 
]). 113 (1700); Shaw, Nat, Misc. pi. 925 (17b0--1813) j id. Gen. Hist. 
40 
LOEIIDJS. 

viii. p. 530(1812); Bechst Kurze Uebers. p. 91 (1811); Knhl, 
Consp. Psitt p. 41 (1820) ; Jleill. Enc. Meth. p. 1377 (1823) ; 
Less. Voy. Ooq., Zool. i. p. &28 (1828); Vo'yt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 745 
(1831) ; Meyen, Nova Act. Leop.-Car. Acad. Suppl. i. d. 16'ten B. 
p. 95 (1834); Temm. Tail. Meth. p. 60 (1839); 8. Mull Verh. 
Land- en Volkenk. p. 107 (1839-44); Weinl. Joum.f. Orn. 1834, 
B. p. Ixxv. 
Psittacus garrulus, var. (3. Psittacus aurorse, Linn. S. N. i. p. 144 
(1766); Gm. S. N, i. p. 333 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 113 
(1700). 

Lory des Moluques, JDauh. PL Fnl. 216. 
Lory-noira, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 127 (1779). 
Vari6t6 I. du Noira, Buf. ibid. p. 129. 
Variety II. da Noira, Buff. ibid, p, 129. 
Ceram Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 269, no. 76 (1781). 
Oeram Lory, var. A. Noira Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 270 (1781); id. 


Gen. Hist ii. p. 224 (1822). 
Ceram Lory, var. B. Scarlet Lory, Lath. Sy?i. i. p. 270 (1781) ; id. 

Gen. Hist ii. p. 225 (1822). 
Lory Nouara, Levaill. Perr. pi. 96 (1801). 
Psittacus Noira, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1378 (1823). 
Lorius garrulus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 132 (1826) ; Sio. Zool. III. 

2nd ser. pi. 12 (1829) (var.); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 192 (1831); 
Hartl. Syst Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 416, n. 5 (1845) ; Bp. Bev. et May. de Zool 18-54, p. 15"), n. 280 ; 
WeinUmd, Joum.f. Orn. 1854, B. p. Ixxi, Taf. ii. ff. 1-9 (tongue); 
Bp. Namnannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 294; G. B. Gr. List 
Psitt Brit. Mzis. p. 50 (1859); Wall. Ibis, 1860, p. 198; Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1860, p. 226; Bosenb. Joum.f. Orn. 1862, p. 62 (partim); 
id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Lid. xxv. pp. 141, 142 (1863); Wall. 
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 289 (partim); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 120 
(partim) (1864); Bernst. Nat. Tidjschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. p. 295 
(1864) ; id. Ned. Tijdschr. Bier'k ii. p. 825 (1865); Finsck, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (partim) (1865); Pelz. Novara Beis.f Toy. 
p. 98 (1865); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, sp. 8189 (partim) 
(1870); Schley. Mm. P.-B. Psittiei, Bevue, p. 55 (partim) (1S74); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 501 (partim) (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. 
Oiv. Gen. vii. p. 759 (1875), x. p. 33, n. 63 (1877); Forbes, 
P. Z. S. 1829, p. 170 (note); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL i. p. 241 
(1880); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 817 (1883); Bias. Zeitschr. 
f yes. Orn. 1886, p. 84 ; Sahad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. 

p. 168 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (1889). 
Domicella garrula, 
Wayl. Mon. Psitt p. 570 (1832); Wayl. Ann. 8c 
May. (3) iii. p. 147 (1859j; Nitzsch, Pteryloyr. (Engl, ed.) p. 100 
(1862); Finsch, Papaq. ii. p. 776 (partim) (1808); Bchmu. Voyelh'ld. 

t. iii.f. 5 (1878-83) ; id. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 170 (Consp. Psitt 
p. 108). 
Lorius garrulus, var., G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 356 (partim). 
Adult. Bed; interscapular region red, with small yellow spGts, 
sometimes with no spots at all; tibia dark green ; wings green, 
with an olive tinge on the upper wing-coverts; bend of the wing 
and under wing-coverts yellow; base of the inner webs of the 
primaries red; tail with the basal half red, and with the apical 
half dark purple tinged with green above, golden red underneath ; 
bill red ; feet dusky; iris dark yellow, with an inner ring brighter 

4 . CiXLIPTILUS. 
yellow. Total length 12 inches, wing 7*2, tail 4*5, bill 1*05, 
tarsus 0-8. 
ffab. Halraahera. 

a7 b. $ ad. sk. Gilolo. Wallace Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. [(Celebes.] Gould Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. l Menadof] Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. ^Xew Guinea.] Tweeddale Coll. 
g. JUT. sk. Bought alive at Ternate. 1 Challenger' Erped. 
k. Ad. sk. Moluccas. Purchased. 
ijkjl. Skeletons. 
10. Lorius flavo-palliatus. 
Lorins gamilas, Sclut P. Z. S. 1860, p. 226 (nee p. 227) (ex Batjan); 
Rosenh. Journ. f. Orn. I860, p. 62 (partim); id. iW. Tijdsrir. 
Ned. Lid. xxiii. p. 141 (nee p. 142) (1862); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p. 280, n. 05 (partim) ; Sckleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 121 (partim) 
(ex Batjan, Morotai, et Raou); Fimch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (partim) 
(ex Batjan, Morotai, Obi) (1865); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, 
sp. 8189 (partim) (1870); Schleg. Mas. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 
p. 55 (partim) (1874) (ex Batjan, Morotai, Obi); Gieh. The*. Orn. 
ii. p. 501 (partim) (1*75). 
Lnrius sairulus, G. II. Gr. P. Z. S. I860, p. 856 (partim, ex Batjan). 
Domicell.i jrarrula, part., Finsck, Papag. ii. p. 776 (1868) (ex Batjan, 
Morotai, Itacu). 

Loriti.H ila\opal!iatUH, 8alrad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 33, n. 64 
(1.^77); id. Dm. Pap. e MoL i. p. 243 (18&0); Sciat List Vert. 
An. Hh e&. p. 31** (1H63); Gintlrm. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 564; SJiarpe, 
Gould's B. Xew Gain. pt. xxiv. pi. 5 (1888); Sahad. Mem. Ii. 
Ae. 8c. Tor. sw. 2, xl.p. B>8 (1889). 

Donricella fiavopalliuta, Meknw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 170 (Consp. 
Psift. p. 106); id. Vogethild. Xachtr. 42 (1883). 

Adult. Very much like L. gatndm, from which it differs in having 
a broad yellow patch on the interscapular region. 
Hah. Obi, Batchian, Morotai, Raou. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Moluccas. Purchased. 
c, d. $ ad. sk. Batchian, Wallace Coll. 


e. Ad. sk. Batchian. Wallace Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk. Ratehiau {A. P. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
g. J ad. sk. TGiloIo.] A. R. Wallace. 
h. Ad. sk. Batchian. Zoological Society. 
t. Ad. sk. [Amboina.] Tweeddale Coll. 
4. CALLIPTILUS. 
Type. 

Phigys* O. P. Gr. RandJibt, ii. p. 154, n. 2043 
(1"S70) C. solitarius. 
Calliptilus, 8und. Meth. rial. av. disp. Tent. p. 71 
(lb72) ...» C. solitarius. 

Range. Fiji Islands. 

* The term Phigys, generally attributed to Lesson (Tr. d'Orn. p. 193, 1831), 
was not used by him as a generic name, but as a French name for the second 
tribe of the s»ube:*»nus Loriub. 
42 
lOKIULE. 

1. Calliptilus solitarius. 
Solitary Parrot, Lath, Syn. Suppl. i. p. 65 (1787); id. Gen. Hid, ii. 
p. 190 (1822). 
La Perruche Phigy, LevailL Terr. pi. 64 (1801). 
Psittacus solitarius, Lath. Lid. Orn. Suppl. ii. p. xxxii, n. 12 (1802) ; 
Vieill. N.B. xxv. p. 377 (1817); Kuhl, Camp. Psitt. p. 101 (1820;; 

Vieill. Enc. MSth. iii. p. 1408 (1823). 
Pfaittacus vaillanti, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 909 (1800). 
Psittacus coccineus, Shato, Gen. ZooL viii. 2, p. 472 (1811); Vieill. 

N. B. xxv. p. 355 (1812) ; id. Enc. M&th. iii. p. 1391 (1823); Less. 
Voy. Coq. i. p. 029 (1828). 
Psittacus phigy, Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 81, pi. 9. f. 2 (1811); Kukl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 09 (1820); Voigt, Ctiv. Uebers. p. 748 (1&31). 
Brotogeris ? phigy, Steph. Gen. ZooL xiv. 2, p. 133 (1820). 
Lorius phigy, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 193 (1831). 
Coriphilus solitarius, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 565 (1832); G.R. Gr. Gen. 

B. ii. p. 417, n. 4 (1845); Hartl. Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 132; id. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1854, p. 168; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 157, 
n. 313 ; id. Naumannia, 1856, Camp. Psitt. p. 327; Cass. V. St. 
Expl. Exp., Orn. p. 240 (1858); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. 
p. 51 (1859) ; id. Cat B. Trop. 1st. p. 32 (1859) ; G. P. Gr. 
P. Z. S. 1860, p. 357; Rchnw. Journ.f Orn. 1881, p. 175 {Consp. 
Psitt. p. Ill); id. Vogelbild. text of pi. xxi. f. 5 and pi. xxx. f. 8 
(1878-83); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. pp. 74, 75 (1889). 
Brotogeris coccineus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 363 (1837). 
Vini coccineus, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 207 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 
2nd ed. p. 606, n. 2 (1838). 
Trichoglossus coccineus, Peak, U. St. Expl. Exp. p. 129 (1848), fide 
Hartl. Wiegm. A?-chiv, 1852, p. 106. 

Lorius 
solitarius, Schleg. Bierent. p. 68 (1864); Finsch § Hartl. 
Orn. Centr.-Polyn. p. 23 (1867); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Heme, p. 59 (1874); Layard, Ibis, 1875, p. 4 36 ; id. P. Z. S. 1875, 

p. 426, 1876, p. 501; id. Ibis, 1876, pp. 141, 391; Rowley, Orn. 
Misc. ii. pi. xli. (1876); Cab. $ Mchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1876, p. 324; 
Laijard, Ibis, 1878, p. 274; Nehrk. Journ. f Orn. 1879, p. 394 
(egg)-

Nanodes solitarius, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 116 (1864). 

Domicella solitaria, Fi?isch, Papag. ii. p. 760 (1868); id. P. Z. S. 
1877, p. 729; Moseley, Not. Chall. pp. 295, 309 (1879): Finsch, 
Voy. Chall., Birds, p. 42 (1881). 

Phigys solitarius, G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 154, n. 8198 (1870). 
Calliptilus solitarius, Sund. Meth. not. at. disp. Tent. p. 71 (1872); 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 326 (1880). 
Trichoglossus solitarius, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 659 (1877). 

Adult. Pileum, lower abdomen, flanks, and tibiae very dark 
purple-blue ; back and wings green ; the upper feathers of the hind 
neck very long, light green, like the lower back, the uropj-gium, the 
upper and the under tail-coverts; the lower feathers of the hind 
neck also very long, but red, like the lores, the cheeks, the throat, 
and the breast; under wing-coverts green, the inner ones red; 
quills underneath dusky; tail green, the two central tail-feathers 
have an orange-yellow spot towards the middle of the inner web, 
the lateral ones have the base of the inner web orange-red : apical 
part of the tail underneath golden green ; bill orai'ge ; feet orange 

5. YIXJ. 43 
or red ; iris orange. Total length 7'5 inches, wing 5, tail 2-5, bill 

0*65, tarsus 0*55. 

Young. Has the green and the red feathers of the hind neck 

much shorter; the occiput is tinged with green ; the red feathers 

of the lower breast are edged more or less with dark purple; there 

are no yellow-orange spots on the two middle tail-feathers, and the 

lateral ones have the red marks at the base of the inner web much 

smaller than in the adult birds. 

Eab. Fiji Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. [Moluccas.] Laugier Coll. 
b. S -d. sk. Fiji. Purchased. 
c. d, e. Ad. sk. Fiji. Sir A.B. Gordon [P.]. 
f,ff. $ ad. sk. Ovalau (E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. J ad. sk. Ovalau (E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
i. $ imm. sk. Ovalau (E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
k. $ juv. sk. Ovalau (E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
l> m. <$ J ad. sk. Wakaia (E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
n. $ ad. sk. Levuka (JE. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Taviuni. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. $ ad. sk. Matuka. ' Challenger' Exped. 
q, r. § ad. sk. Matuka. * Challenger' Exped. 
s, t. d S ad. sk. Kandavu. 1 Challenger' Exped. 
u, 2 juv. sk. Viti-levu (H.M.S. 'Herald'). The Admiralty [P.]. 
v. $ juv. sk. Ovalau, July (JE. L. Layard). Purchased. 
5. VINI. 
Type. 
Vini, Jjess. Illustr. de ZooL pi. xxviii. (1831) Y. Imhli. 
'Bioto<*QnarIlchnb.(nec Vig.) Syst.Av. t. lxxxii. (1850). 
Range. Samoa, Friendly, and Fanning Islands. 
Key to tlie Species. 

a. Forehead green, vertex and occiput bright blue.... australis, p. 43. 
b. Forehead and vertex green, occiput dark blue ... . fathli, p. 45. 
1. Viai australis. 
Blue-crested Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. 1, p. 254, n. 58 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 190 (1822). 

Psittacus australis, Gm. 8. K. i. p. 329, n. 90 (1788) (ex Latham); 
Bechst. Kurze TJeb. p. 80 (1811). 

Psittacus fringillaceus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 337, n. 107 (1788) (ex MaeHer, 
Phys. Arb. der eintr. Fr. zu Wien, i. 2, p. 47, Taf. i. f. 1, 1784, 
Siidsee); Lath. Lad. Orn. i. p. 112, n. 92 (1760) ; Bechst. Kurze 
Ueb. p. 81, pi. 6. f. 2 (1811); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 379 (1817); 
Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 69 (1820); Vieill. Eric. Meth. iii. p. 1409 
(1823); Yoigt, CM. Uebers. p. 748 (1831). 

Psittacus porphyreocephalus, Shaiu, Nat. Misc. pi. i. (1789). 
P.sittacus pipilans, Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 105, n. 69 (1790); Shaw, 
Gen. ZooL vii. 2, p. 472, pi. 69 (1811); Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 375 
(1817). 

44 L0KIIDJ5. 

Sparrow Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 93 (1802); id. Gen. Hist. 

ii. p. 220 (1822). 
La Perruche ftingillaire. Levaill Perr. pi. 71 (1801). 
Brotogerib fringillaceus,'$fepA. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 133 (1823). 
Lorius fringillaceus, Less. Tr. cWm. p. 194 (1831). 
Psittacus euchloris, Forst MS. (teste Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 565); id. 
Descr. An. p. 160 (1844). 
Coriphilus euchloris, Wagl. Mon. Psitt pp. 495, 564 (1832); Haiti 

Wiegm. Archiv, 1852, p. 132; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 169. 
Brotogeris porphyreocephalus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 303 (1836). 
Yini fringillaceus, Less. Compl de Buff. 2nd ed., Ois. p. 506 (1838). 
Coriphilus pipilans, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417, n. 3, pi. 103. f. 9 

(1845). 
Triclioglossus pipilans, Peak, U. St. Expl Exp. p. 129 (1S48), Jide 
Hartl Wiegm. Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, p. 106. 
Coriphilus fringillaceus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, 

n. 312; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p 226; Bp. 2faumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 326; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 58 (1859); id. Cat. B. Trop. Lsl p. ^3 (1859); Schley. 
Dierent. p. 79 (1864); Hartl Ibis, 1864, p. 232 ; Finsch $ Hartl 
Orn. Centr.-Polyn. p. 25 (1862); Hartl. § Finsch, P. Z. S. l&ll, 
p. 22 (Tavai, Samoa, Uea); Whitmee, Ibis, 1875, p. 436; Layard, 
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 491 (Futuria, Vavati), p. 501 (Eova, Tavau, Tonga 
Tabu); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 692; Cab. $ Rchnw Journ. f. 
Om. 1876, p. 325 (Samoa, Vavao) ; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 170 
(note); Moseley, Not. Chall p. 292 (Tonga) (1879); Rchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. xxi. f. 7 (1878-83); Salv. Cat B. Strickl Coll p. 456 
(1882); Bias. Jouni.f. Orn. 1884, p. 229; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p. 74 (1889). 
Coriphilus australis, Cass. U. St. Expl. Exp., Orn. p. 241 (1858) j 
Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 174 {Consp. Psitt. p. 110). 
Nanodes fringillaceus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 117 (1864); id. 
op. cit., Revue, p. 53 (1874). 
Domicella fringillacea, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 747 (1868); Finsch § 
Hartl Journ. f. Orn. 1870, p. 122 ; Graeffe, ibid. pp. 402, 416 ; 
Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1872, pp. 32, 33; Finsch, P.Z.S. 1877, 
pp. 772, 783. 

Vini fringillaceus, G. R. Gr. HancUist, ii. p. 154, n. 8196 (1870). 
Coiiophilus fringillaceus, Sundev. Meth. nat. av. disp. Tent. p. 71 
(1872). 
Trichoglossus fringillaceus, Gieb. TJies. Orn. iii. p. 657 (1877). 
Adult. Green; forehead green, vertex and occiput with long, 
narrow, blue feathers; back tinged with olive; lores, cheeks, and 
throat red; in the middle of the lower breast a red patch, followed 
by a purple-blue patch in the middle of the abdomen ; under fail-
coverts green; tibiae purplish blue in front, green behind; quills 
underneath dusky; tail-feathers green, the tips and the inner web 
yellow, underneath greenish yellow, with an orange tinge at the 
base of the inner web: bill orange-red; feet red (Forster); iris 
yellow. Total length 7 inches, wing 4*7, tail 2*7, bill 0*5, 
tarsus 0*49. 
Young. The blue feathers on the head are shorter, the red on 
the throat less extended, the red patch on the lower breast only 
incipient, and no purple patch on the middle of the abdomen. 
Hal. Samoa and Friendly Islands. 

5. VINI. 
45 
a. Ad. sk. South Sea Islands. Purchased. 
h Ad. sk.
c, d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . <S ad.sk. 
South Sea Islands. 
Navigators' Islands. 
TTpolu, Samoa Islands,
July 1865. 
Upolu, July 1805 (/. 
J. Nightingale, Esq. 
[P. |. 
Gould Coll. 
J. Brenchley, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Brenchley). 
g. Ad. sk. Samoa Inlands. Kev. S. J. Whitmee 
h. $ ad. sk.
I Juv. sk. 
Samoa Islands (Rev. S.
J. Whitmee), 
Samoa Islands.
[0.] 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk.
/, m. (S ? ad. sk.
n, o. Ad. sk. 
Friendly Islands. 
Vavau, Friendly Islands,
July I860. 
Savage Island. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
J. Brenchley, Esq. 
[R]. J * 
Kev. B. J. Whitmee 
p. Ad. sk. ?
[C.]. 
Jardine Coll. 

q. Sternum with coracoid and scapula. 
2. Vini kuhli. 
Psittacula 
kuhlii, Vig. Zool. Journ. i. p. 412, pi. 16(1824); Less. 
Voy. Coq. I p. 629 (1828); Lear, Parr. pi. 38 (1832). 
Psittacus kuhli, Less. Voy. Coq. i.p.628 (1828); id. Man. dOrn. ii. 

p. 151 (1828). 
Lorius kuhlii, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 193 (1831); Schleg, Dierent. p. 68 
(1864); Gieb, Thes. Orn. ii. p. 501 (1875). 
Vini coccinea, Less. III. de Zool. pi. xxviii. (1831); id. Compl. de 
Buff. ix. p. 206, pi. 7 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 606, n. 1 
(lti38). 

Coriphilus kuhlii, 
Wagl. Hon. Psitt. pp. 495. 566 (1832); Selb. Nat. 
Libr. vi. p. 164, pi. 23 (1836); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii, p. 417, n. 5 
(1845) ; JBartl. Wiegm. Arcliiv, 1852, p. 132; id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1854, -j 169, Berigt. p. Ixiii; Bp. Rev et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 157, n. 311 ; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 325; G. R. 
Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 58 (1859); id. Cat. B. Prop. Isl 
p. 32 (1859) ,* Sclat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 421 (Washington and Fanning 
Isl.) ;' Streets, Amer. Nat. vi. (1877); Forbes, Ibis, 1877, 
p. 278 (note); Streets, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. n. 7, p. 13 (1877); 
Rchmv. Vogelbild. t. xxi. f. 5 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 174 (Consp. Psitt. p. 110); Tristr. Ibis, 1883, p. 47 ; id. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 74 (1889). 

Brorogeris kuhlii, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 303 (1837). 

Psittacula interfringillacea, Bourj. Perr. pi. 83 (1837-38). 

Domicella kuhli, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 749 (1868); id. Journ. f. Orn, 
1879, p. 330. 
Vini kuhlii, G. R. Gray, Hand-list, ii. p. 153, n. 8195 (1870). 

Adult, Above green ; pileum with long and narrow grass-green 
feathers ; occiput with long and narrow dark blue feathers ; interscapular 
region olive-green; lower back, uropygium, and upper 
tail-coverts yellowish green; lores, cheeks, throat, and breast red ; 
middle of the abdomen purple; flanks and under tail-coverts yellowish 
green; wings green, the primaries edged with blue on the 
outer webs; quills underneath and greater under wing-coverts 

46 
L0RIIDJ3, 

black, smaller under wing-coverts green ; tail-feathers green at the 
tip, dark purple on the outer web, red on the inner one: bill and 
feet red; iris red, with an inner ring yellow. Total length 7'2 

inches, wing 4*8, tail 2-7, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*49. (Tristram Coll.) 
Ilab. "Washington and Panning Islands. 
a. Ad. sk. [S. Sea Islands.] Laugier Coll. 

6. 
COEIPHILUS. 
Type. 
Coripkilus, Wagl. Man. Psitt p. 404 (1832) C. taitianus. 
Brotogeris, Siv. (nee Vig.) Class. B. ii. p. 303 
(1837) C. taitianus. 
Coryphilus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 105. 
Corythophilus, Agass. NomencL Zool. Ind, Univ. 

p. 101 (1846). 
Coriophilus, Sundev. Meth. not. av. disp. Tent. 
p. 71 (1872). 
Range. Society and Marquesas Islands. 
Key to the Species. 

a. Bark blue ; cheeks, throat, and upper breast 
white. taitianus, p. 40. 
b. Pale blue ; cheeks and throat blue, dotted 
with white ultramariiius, p 48. 
1. Coriphilus taitianus, 
Petit Pemiche de lisle de Taiti, Dauhent PL Enl 455.1 2. 
Psittacus peruvianas, Mull. 8. N. Suppl. p. 80 (1776) ; Cass. Pr. Ac. 

Nat. Sc. Philad. 1864, p. 241, 
L'Arimanon, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 175 (1779). 
Otahetian Blue Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 255 (1781); id. Gen. IL'st 

ii. p. 189 (1822). 
Psittacus cyaneus, Sparj-m. Mus. Carl fasc. ii. pi. 27 (Tar.) (1782): 
Less. Voy. Coq. i. p. 630 (1828). 
Psittacus taitianus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 329, n. 91 (1788) (ex PL Enl. 

455. f. 2); Lath. Ind. Orn. I p. 105, n. 70 (1790); Beehst. Kurze 
Ueb. p. 80 (1811); Vieill. N. B. xxv. p.341 (1817); Kuhl, Camp. 
Psitt. p. 68 (1820); Vieill Ene. Meth. iii. p. 1383, pi. 22o. f. 1 
(1823) ,• Less. Voy. Coq. i. p. 295 (1826); Voigt, Cut. Uebers. p. 748 
(1831). 
Psittacus varius, Gm. S. N. i. p. 337, n. 105 (1788) [ex Maerter 
Phys. Arb. der eintr. Fr. zu Wien, i. 2, p. 48, Taf. i. hV. 2 (1784) 
(Siidsee)]; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 112, n. 90 (1790) ; Beehst Kurze 
Ueb. p. 90 (1812) ; Vieill. N. I), xxv. p. 381 (1817); Kuhl 
Consp. Psitt p. 95 (1820); Vieill Em. Mith. ill p. 1411 (1823 >. 

Psittacus porphyrio, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 7 (1789); id. Gen. Jlisf 

viii, 2, p. 413, pi. 70 (1811). 
Psittacus taitianus, var. £, Lath. Ind. Orn. I. p. 105 (1790). 
Varied Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Sunpl ii. p. 93 (1802) ; id. Gen. IL\t 

ii. p. 219 (1822). 
6. CORIPHILUS.
La Perruche Arimanon, LevailL Per?: pi. 65 (1801). 
La Perruche Sparman, LevailL Perr. pi. 66 (var.) (1801). 
Psittacus sparmanni, Bechst. Eurze TJeb. p. 80 (1812); JKM/J, Consp, 


Ptitt p. 68 (1820) ; Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 748 (1831). 
Otaheite Parrakeet, var. A, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 189 (1822). 
Trickogiossus ? taitianus, Steph. Gen. ZooL xiv. 2, p. 100(1826); 

Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 659 (1877). 
Brotogeris sparmanni, Steph. I. c. p. 133 (1826). 
Lorius Tini, Zess. TV. ^'Om. p. 194 (1831). 
Psittacus sapphirinus, Forst. 3IS.; id. Icon. ined. t. 49 (teste Wagl. 

lion. Psitt p. 563); id. Descr. An. p. 201 (1844). 
Coriphilus sapphirinus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 56S (1832); IlartL 
Wiegm. Archiv, 1852, p. K>2 • ?^. Jbwrw. f. Orn. 1854, p. 169. 
Coriphilus evaneus, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 564 (1832) ; G. P. Gr. Gen. 

P. ii. p. 417, n. 2 (1845); Cass. U. St. Expl. Exp., Orn. p. 240 
(1858); G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. litis, p. 57 (1859). 
Brotogeris sapphirinus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 308 (1837); Hartl. Syst. 
Verz. Ges. Mm. p. 86 (1844). 
Coriphilus notatus (Bodd.) (err.), G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417, n. 1 
(1845) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 13 (1849). 
Coriphilus taitianus, Bp. Pev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 157, n. 315; 
Souance, Pev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 226; Bp Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 329 ; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 57 
(1859); id. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 31 (1859); Schleg. JDierent. p. 79 
(1864); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 151, n. 8167 (1870); Pclmw. 

VogdUld. t. xxi. f. 1 (1878-83); id. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 175 
(Consp. Psitt. p. Ill) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 75 (1889). 
Nanodes taitianus, Schleg Mus. P.-B. Phittaci, p. 117 (1864); id. op. 
cit., Pevue, p. 53 (1874). 
Domicella taitiana, Fi?zsch, Papag. ii. p. 742 (1868); Pelz. Ibis, 
1873, p. 117. 
Coriophilus taitianus, Sund. Meth. nat. av. disp. Tent. p. 71 (1872). 

Adult. Dark blue; the feathers of the head rather stiff and 
pointed; cheeks, fore neck, and upper part of the breast white; 
quills and tail-feathers underneath black: bill, feet, and iris red. 
Total length 7-5-8 inches, wing 4-3-4-45, tail 2-7-2-9, bill 0-42, 
tarsus 0*4. 

Young. Has the white feathers of the throat and upper breast 

edged with dusky. 
Hah. Society Islands. 
Sparrman (L c.) has described and figured a bird entirely blue, 

with no white on the cheeks, face, and neck; I have never seen 
one like it. According to Dr. Pinseh, it is the very young bird 
of the present species ! 

a. Ad. sk. No locality. Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Huaheine. Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. No locality. Zoological Society. 
d. Ad. sk. Tahiti. Purchased. 
e. Imm, sk. Tahiti. Tweeddale Coll. 
48 
L0RIIDJ3. 

2. Coriphilus ultramariaus. 
Pihidi aus Nukahiwa, Krusenst. Voy. pi. 17. f. 2 (1814) (inltus^an). 
Psittacus ultramarinus, Xuhl^ Consp. Psitt. p. 49 (1820); Wagl. Mon. 

Psitt. p. 564(1832), 
Psittacus safErinns, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 563 (juv.) (1832). 
Psittaculus smaragdinus, Mombr. § Jacq. Ann. Sc, Xat. xvi. p. 318 

(1841). 
Coryphilus dryas, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 165 ; id. Voy. of Sulph. 

p. 44, pi. 26 (1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417, n. 6 (184-3) ; 
Marti. Wiegm. Archiv, 1852, p. 133; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, 
p. 170; Bp. Rev. 
et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, n. 314; id. Compt. 
Bend. xli. p. 1111 (1855). 
Psittacula lessoni, Less. Echo du Monde Sav. 1843, p. 944. 
Coryphilus °-oup^lii, Uombr. fy Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, pi. 24 Lis. f. 3 

(1846) ; Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Pole Sud, iii. p. 103 (1853); HartL 
Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 165; Souance, Rev. et May. de Zool. 1856, 

p. 226 ; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 328. 
Psittacula smaragdinis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 323, n. 20 (1840). 
Vim dryas, Less. Baser, des Mamm. et des Ois. p. 191 (1847). 
Coriphilus smaragdinus, G. R. Gr. List. Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 57 (1859); 
id. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 32 (1859); Schler/. Dicrent. p. 79 (1864) • 
Finsch, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 407; Rchmc. Voyelbild. t. xxi. f. 2 (187883); 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 176 (Consp. Psitt p. 112); Tristr. 
Ibis, 1881, p. 249 ; Bias. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 702. 

Nanodes smaragdinus, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 217 (1864); id. 

op. cit Revue, p. 54 (1874). 
Domicella smaragdina, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 745 (1868). 
Coriphilus smaragdinis, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 151, n. 8168 

(1870); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 74 (1889). 
Trichoglossus smaragdinus, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 659 (1877). 
Coriphilus ultramarinus, Salvin, Cat, B. Strickl. ColL p. 456 (1882). 

Adult. Upper parts light blue, uropygium and upper tail-coverts 
paler, forehead brighter; vertex and occiput deep blue ; the feathers 
of the pileum long, pointed, and with brighter shaft-streaks; 
cheeks and front of the neck deep blue, each feather with a whitish 
spot at the tip; breast covered by a band of deep blue.- abdomen 
blue, each feather largely tipped with whitish; middle of the lower 
abdomen and thighs deep blue ; under tail-covcrts pale blue; quills 
black, with the outer webs blue; tail whitish blue, the inner web 
of the feathers white, edged with blue at the tip : bill black, except 
at the base of the upper mandible, which appear^ light horn-colour; 
feet dark yellowish; iris dark. Total length 7 inches, wing 4*6, 

tail 2-9, bill 0-45, tarsus 0*49. 
Young. Much duller than the adult; the blue colour is more 
greenish; there are no whitish spots on the cheeks, throat, and 
abdomen. 
Hab. Marquesas Islands. 

a. 
Ad. st. Marquesas Isl. (Voy. ofH.M.S. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 
i Sulphur'). (Type of Coryphilus dryas, G ould.) 
b. Ad. sk. No locality. 
Gould ColL 
c. Ad. sk. Marquesas Isl. 
Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Marquesas Isl. (Rev. J. Green)* Tweeddale Coll. 
e. "Juv. st. Noukaiva. 
Purchased. 
/ . TRICffOGLOSSUS. 

7. 
TRICHOaLOSSUS. 
Type. 
Trichoglossus, Tig. § Eorsf. Trans. Irinn. 
Soc.xv. p. 287 (1820) T.haaniatodes. 
Australasia, Less. Tr. d'Oni. p. 209 (1831) T. novas hollandiae. 

Range. Australia, Timor group, Celebes, Amboyna group, 
Papuan Islands, ISTew Hebrides, and New Caledonia. 

Key to the Species. 

I. 
Quills underneath with a coloured band 
towards the base. 
a. 
Band towards the base of the quills underneath 
yellow. 
a\ Band on the nape greenish yellow. 
a". Middle of the abdomen not blue. 
a'". Breast mostly yellow; occiput 
bright green JitBniatodes, p. 49. 
b'n.
% 
Breast red, 

a. Head not entirely blue. 
d\ Breast-feathers red, with no 
tinge of yellow towards the 
edges. 

ab. No dark cross bands on the 
breast forsteni, p. 51. 
If. Breast with dark cross bands. 

a7. Dark cross bands on the 
breast much broader and 
very conspicuous cyanogrammus, p. 51. 

b7 

. Dark cross bands on the 

breast much narrower. 
ciB. Upper parts grass-green, massena, p. 53. 
¥. Upper parts olive-green, flavicans, p. 55. 

b5. Breast-feathers red, slightly 
tinged with yellow towards 
the edges. 

c6. Larger: wing 6 inches; forehead 
and cheeks blue ... . nigroguhris, p. 55 

cP. Smaller: wing 5'2 inches; 
very little blue on the 
forehead and cheeks ... . mitchelli, p. 57. 

bK Head entirely blue cceruleieeps, p. "57. 
b'\ Middle of the abdomen blue ; head 
entirely blue nova IwllandicB, p. 57. 
b'. Band on the nape orange rubritorques, p. 60. 

b. Band towards the base of the quills underneath 
red rosenbergi, p. 61. 
II. Quills with no coloured band beneath; cheeks 
and breast red ornaitts, p. 61. 
1. Trichoglossus lisematodes. 
The Red-breasted Parrakeet, JSdio. Glean, v. pi. 232 (1758). 

Psittacus haematodus, Linn. Mant. Plant, p. 524 (part.) (1771)j 
Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 87, n. 17 (syn. emend, et excl. var.) (1790); 
Shaw, Nat Misc. pi. 917 (1809?) (ex Edw.); Tieill. Em. Meth. 

VOL. XX. 
E 

50 
LOKIIDJE. 

iii. p. 1386 (young male) (1823) ; Hahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 81 
(syn. emend.), t. 61 (1836). 
Psittacus hsematotus, part., Gm. S. N. i. p. 316, n. 50 (1788) (syn. 
emend.). 
La Perruclie a face bleue, Levaill Perr. pi 47 (1801). -
Psittacus lisematodes, Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 415 (1811) (syn, 

emend.). 

Psittacus capistratus, Beckst, Lath. TJeb. p. 68, pi. 3 (1811): .EwA/, 
Mb*. Psitt. p. 35 (1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 734 (1831) ; 
Miill $ Sehleg. Verh. Land-en Volkenh. p. 108 (1839-1844) ; 
Weinl, Journ, f. Orn. 1854, Per. p. Ixxv. 

Red-breasted Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii. p. 122 (excl. syn.) (1822). 

Trichoglossus capistratus, Vig. et Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 2(.>0 
(1826) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 130 (partim) (1826); ? Bolle, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170; Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 100 
(syn. emend.) (1864) ; G. P. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 155, n. 8219 
(1870); Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 48 (1874): 
? Gidliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 

Tricboglosstis hsematodus, 
Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 350 (1832) ; G. JR. 
Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 1 (1846); Bp. Consp. i. p. 3 (1850); id. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, n. 295; id. Naumannia, 1856, 
Consp. Psitt. n. 309; ? Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. xxvii. p. 279 (1858); 

G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 60 (1859) ; id. R Z. S. 
1860, p. 357; Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 350; Posenb. Nat. Tijdsehr. 
Ned. 2nd. xxv. pp. 145,147 (1862); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1863, pp. 60, 
67; Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484, 1864, pp. 291, 295; Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865) ; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 155, n. 8209 
(1870). 
Psittacus 
(Trichoglossus) capistratus, Miill. fy Sehleg. Verh. Land-
en Volkenh. p. 107 (1839-1844). 
Tricboglosstis hseniatodes, Uartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); 
Nitzsch, Pterylogr. (Engl, ed.), p. 100 (1867); Finsch, Papag. 

ii. p. 827(1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 657 (1877); ? Forbes, 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 170 (note); Pchmv. Vogelbild. t. viii. f. 6(187883); 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 162 (Consp. Psitt. p. 98) ; Meyer, 
Verh. z.-b. Gesell. Wien, 1881, p. 762 (Sumba); Sclat. List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 319 (1883). 
Trichoglossus cyanogramrnus, Sclat. (nee Wagl), P. Z. S. 1860, 

p. 226; Finsch (nee Wagl), Ned. Tijdsehr. Dierk. i. Berigt. p. xviii 
(1863); Sehleg. JDierent. p. 77 (1864). 
Trichoglossus hamatopus, Cab. § Pchnw. Journ. f, Ch*n. 1876, 

p. 324. 
Adult. Back, wings, and tail green ; forehead, cheeks, and chin 
blue; occiput, ear-coverts, and throat green; a greenish-yellow 
band on the nape; the interscapular feathers have concealed yellow 
spots, in some specimens tinged with red; breast yellow, more or 
less tinged with orange, the feathers with vanishing green edges ; 
middle of the abdomen dark green; flanks yellow, more or less 
tinged with red: lower abdomen, thighs, and under tail-coverts 
greenish yellow, spotted with green; under wing-coverts yellow, 
tinged with red; quills beneath dusky, with a yellow band; tail 
beneath oily yellow; inner web of the lateral tail-feathers yellow; 
bill red; feet dark grey; iris yellow or red. Total length 11 
inches, wing 4*90, tail 4*40, bill 0*80, tarsus 0*55. 

Hob. Timor. 

7. TRICKOGLOSSTJS. 5 1 
a, b. Ad. st.
c. Ad. st.
d. Ad. sir.
e. Ad. sk. 
No locality. 
No exact locality. 
No locality. 
Timor Belli, April 1861. 
Purchased. 
Zoological Society. 
Gould Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
2. Trichoglossus forsteni. 

Psittacus forsteni, Temm. in Mus. Lugd. 
Tricliogiossus forsteni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 3 (1850) (Sunibawa); id. 
Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 134 (1850) ; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 157, no. 296 j id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. no. 310; G. 
R. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 60 (1859); Sclat P. Z. S. 1860, 
p. 226; Wall. P. Z.S. 1863, p. 484, 1864, pp. 29], 295 ; SoMeg. 
Dierent. p. 77 (with figure) (1864); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
p. Il l (1864); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865); id. Papag. ii. 
p. 826 (1868); G. P. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 156, no. 8220 (1870) ; 
Schleg. Mus, P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 46 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
iii. p. 657 (1877); Rchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 157 (Consp. 
Psitt p. 93) (partim) ; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. Bericht. (part.) 
(1883); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 502 (Bima, Sumbawa). 
Tricliogiossus 
immarginatus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. xxvii. p. 279 
(1858); G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436. 
Psittacus (Trichoglossus) forsteni, Rosenb. Journ.f. Orn. 1862, p. 66; 
id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 146 (1863). 

Adult male. Back, wings, and tail green; head purple-brown, 
front and lores slightly tinged with blue, vertex with a faint 
tinge of green; a greenish-yellow band on the nape; the interscapular 
feathers have concealed red spots, and are edged with 
brown-purple; throat and middle of the abdomen dark purple; 
breast pure bright red, with no dark cross bands ; flanks, vent, and 
under tail-coverts yellow, with the feathers broadly tipped with 
green; under wing-coverts red ; the quills beneath dusky black 
with a yellow oblique band; tail-feathers underneath oily, with a 
very narrow yellow edge on the inner web: " bill red, yellow at 
tip; feet olive-green " (Guillemard). Total length about 10 inches, 
wing 5-3, tail 4*2, bill 0-8, tarsus 0-61 (Rothschild Coll). 

Hab. Sumbawa. 

I have described an adult male, collected by Dr. Guillemard, 
now in the collection of Mr. "Walter Eothschild. T. forsteni 
appears to me to be quite different from T. mitehelli, with which it 
has been associated by Dr. Eeichenow. T. forsteni is a larger bird, 
with a stronger and larger bill, has the head more decidedly purple, 
and no green colour on the throat, which is purple ; the breast pure 
red, with no yellow tinge towards the edges of the feathers; the 
middle of the abdomen is brownish-purple, with no green whatever. 
I cannot understand what considerations have induced Dr. Eeichenow 
to unite T. forsteni and T. mitehelli in one species. 

3. Trichoglossus cyanogrammus. 
Psittaca Amboinensis varia, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 364 (1760). 

Perruche d'Aruboina, Baubent. PI. Enl 61 (fig. bona). 

La Perruche a face bleue, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 150 (1779). 

Bed-breasted Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 212 (sine var.) (1781). 

E 2 

52 LOKIID^. 

Psittacua haematodus, Bodcl (nee Linn.), Tall. PI. JEnl. p. 4 (ex PL 
JEnl. 61) (1783); Gm. S. N. i. p. 316, n. 50 (syn. emend.) (1788) ; 
Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 87, n. 17 (sine Tar.) (1790); VieilL JSnc. 
Meth. p. 1386 ( $ ?) (1823); Temm. Tall Meth. p. 60 (partim) 
(1839). 

La Perruche a tete bleue ( $ )> LevailL Perr. pi. 25 (fig. bona) et 

pi. 27 (var.) (1801). 
Psittacus hcematopus (!) (av. jun.), Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 35 (1820). 
Australasia nova>hollandia3 ($) , Less, (nee Gm.), Tr. d'Om. p. 210 

(1831). 

Triclioglossus cyanogrammus, Weigh 3Ion. Psitt. p. 554 (1832) (ex 
Brisson); GJR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 4 (lb46); Bp. Itev. et 
Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 157, sp. 297; id. Naiuuannia, 1>16, Cony). 
Psitt sp. 312; Sclat. P. Z. S. 185s, p. 164, n. 104; G. R. Gr. 
Cat. B. New Gum. pp. 41, 59 (1859); id. LUt Psitt. Brit. 31 vs. 

p. 61 (1859)j id. P.Z.S. 1860, p. 357, 18<>1, p. 43(5; Rosenb. 
Nat. Tifdschr. Ned. Pad. xxv. p. 224, n. 6 (1863); id. Jovrn. f. 
Om. 1864, p. 112, n. 6; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 20, 1864, pp. 291, 
295; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1805); id. Papaq. ii. p. 830 
(partim) (1808) ; G. P. Gr. Sand-fat, ii. p. 155, sp.*8213 (1870); 
Meyer, Sitz. k. Ah. Wissensch. Wien, Ixx. p. 225 (1874); Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 697; Meyer, Sitzb. Isis Bread. 1875, p. 78 ; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. \ii.-p. 760 (1875), viii. p. 371 (1876), 
x. p. 35, n, 77, p. 112 (1877); Lenz, Journ. f. Orn. 1877, 
p. 364; Sclat P. Z. S. 1878, p. 570 (Humboldt Bay) ; D'Alb. 
%' Salvad. Ann. 3Ius. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 40 (1879); Salvad. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. i. p. 279 (1880); Rehuc. Vogelbild. t. viii. f. 1 (1*7883) 
; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 158 (Consp. Psitt. p. 94); Bias. u. 
Nehrh. Verh. z'.-b. Gesellsch. Wien, 1882, p. 477; Sclat. List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 319 (1883); Nehrk. Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 31; 
Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 622; Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, 
p. 33 (KafiO; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor.'ser. 2, si. p. 172 
(1889) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889). 
Trichoglossus haematodus, Jard. &; Selb. (nee Linn.), III. Orn. iii. 
pi. Il l (1825-39); Sclat P. Z. S. I860, p. 226. 
Psittacus capistratus, var., Mull. Verh. Land-en Volkenk. pp. 107, 
108 (1839-44). 
? Psittacus haeniatodus, Weinl. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, Bericht, p. Ixxv. 
Triclioglossus capistratus, var., 6% P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 194,1801, 

p. 436. 
Triclioglossus nigrogularis, var., G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 159 
(ex Dorei). 
Triclioglossus nigrogularis, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436 (partim) 
(nee 1858); Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1802, pp. 63, 64, 67 ; id. Nat 
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 143, 144, et 223 (partim) (nee p. 144) 
(1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 112, n. 5 (partim) ; Bermt. 
(nee G. R. Gr.), Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. p. 297 (1864): id. 
JDagboek, pp. 116,123,143, 146, 151, 154 (1883). 

Triclioglossus capistratus, Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, pp. 60, 61, Q6, 
67; id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 140, 141 (1863). 

Triclioglossus hsematotus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 109 (1804) ; 
id. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 336 (18.'G), iv. p. 10 (1871); id. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 43 (partim) (1874); Rosenb. Reist. 
naar Geekinkb. pp. 36 (Mafor!), 56, 83, 113 (1875). 

Adult Back, wings, and tail green; forehead and cheeks blue ; 
vertex greenish; occiput, ear-eoverts, and throat purple-black ; a 

7. TKICHOGLOSSUS. 
yellowish-green band on the nape, the feathers of this band have a 
concealed red band in the middle; the interscapular feathers have 
each a concealed red band: lower throat and upper breast bright 
red, with purple-black cross bands at the edges of the feathers; 
middle of the abdomen green; lower abdomen and flanks yellow, 
with green cross bands ; under tail-coverts yellow, with green tips; 
sides of the breast red, with the feathers edged with green ; flanks 
and under wing-coverts red; quills beneath dusky, with a very 
broad yellow band at the base ; on the inner secondaries the yellow 
band is stained with red; tail underneath olive, inner web of the 
tail-feathers yellow: bill orange-red; feet lead-colour; iris red. 
Total length from 12-10-60 inches, wing 5-70-5-20, tail 5-30-4-70, 
bill 0-95-0-85,* tarsus 0-68-0-66. 

Young, Has the occiput greenish; the interscapular feathers 
green without the concealed red spots, the red of the breast paler; 
the feathers of the breast with a narrow yellowish line before the 
green edge. 

Ilab. The Amboyna group and "Western Papua—Amboyna, Ceram, 
Bouru, Gorani, Western New Guinea, eastwards as far as the upper 
part of the Ely Iliver, Mysol, Salwatty, Batanta, Waigiou, Miosnom, 
and Jobi. 

a. Ad. st Amboyna. 
Massena Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Amboyna (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Amboyna (Roedt). Leyden Museum. 
d. Ad. sk. Ceram (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
e. y ad. sk. Bouiu. A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Bouru (A. R. Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Gorani. 
A. E. Wallace [C.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Goram {A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
A. E. Wallace [0.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Dorey. 
k. Ad. sk. New Guinea. 
1 Ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk. Humboldt Bay. ' Challenger' Exped. 
n, o. $ ad. et ad. sk. Amberbaki, May. L. Laglaize [0.1. 
p. Ad. sk. Waigiou. A. E. Wallace {C.]. 
q~t. Ad. sk. 
u. Juv. sk. * Mysol. 
A. E. Wallace [C.]. 
Purchased. 
ID. Skeleton. New Guinea. 

v. Ad. var. st. Moluccas. 
4. Trichoglossus massena. 
Trichoglossus massena, 
Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157 (type 
examined) ; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 313; G. R. 
Or. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 61 (1850); id. Cat. B. Trop. IsL 

p. 33 (1859); Sdat. P. Z. S. I860, p. 228; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, 
pp. 292, 205; Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 110 (1804); Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 834 (1868) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. I860, pp. 119, 123, 124; 
G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 155, sp. 8214 (1870); id. Ann. 8? Mag. 
N. II. (4) v. p. 330 (1870) ; id. Cruise of Curacoa, Birds, p. 382, 
pi. 15 (1873) ; Salvad. § If Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 813 
(1875); Tristr. Ibis, 1876, p. 263; Salrad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
Ix. p. 16 (1876), x. p. 30, n. 78 (1877); Sdat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 108; 
L0&IIDJE. 

Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. xiii pp. 80, 309 (1877), p. 491, 
sp. 13 (1878), xiv. p. 586 (1879) ; Layard, Ibis, 1878, pp. 253, 

274. 280; Ramsay, Proe. Linn. Soc. K 8. W. iii. p. 255 (1878), iv. 
p. 96 (1879); Tristr. Ibis, 1879, pp. 18o, 191, 442 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 447; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 288 (1880) ; 
Imjard, Ibis, 1880, pp. 230 (Lifu), 300, 307; Rchnw. Voqelbild, 
t. viii. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 157 (Oonsp. 
Psitt. p. 93); Finsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 538; Ramsay, Pr. Linn, 
Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 34 (1882) (Solomon Islands) ; Tristr. Ibis, 
1882, p. 143; Layard, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 408 (Lifu); Sharpe, 
Journ. Linn, Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 426 (1882) ; Finsch, Tog. d. 
Siidsee, p. 18 (New Britain, Laloki) (1884) ;' Finsch u. Meyer, 
Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 1886, p. 9 (Horseshoe Mountains) ; Schal. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1887, p. 246 (New Caledonia); Grant, P. Z. S. 
1887, p. 330, 1888, pp. 187, 191; Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. d. naturh. 
Hofmus. 1888, p. 39 (typical specimen of T. deplanchei); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. sex. 2, 
xl. p. 172 (3889); Meyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 413. 
Trichoglossus hseniatotus, part., Schley. Mus. P.-B. Pattaei, Revue, 
p. 43 (1874). 
Trichoglossus deplanchei, 
Verr. fy Des Mars, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1860, p. 388 (New Caledonia); Marie, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxvii. 

p. 327 (1870) j Ibis. 1877, p. 362; Oust. Bull Soc. Philom. Paris, 
1878, p. 218. 
Adult. Yery much like T. cyanogramnms, but generally smaller, 

or at least with a shorter tail; the red on the breast generally 

paler; the principal and more constant differences are the much 

narrower dark cross hands on the breast, and the slight tinge of 

green on the ear-coverts and cheeks. Total length 10 inches, wing 

5-5, tail 4*10, bill 0-85, tarsus 0-61. 

Hab. S.E. New Guinea, Duke of Tork Islands, New Ireland, 
New Britain, Solomon Islands, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, and 
Loyalty Islands. 

I cannot find that the New Caledonia specimens differ in any 
way from those of the other localities mentioned above. 

a. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. Bey. S. Macfarlane 
[C.]. 
b. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea, Jan. 1876. Tweeddale Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea, Feb. 1876. Tweeddale Coll. 
6,/. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mountains. Hon.H.Bomilly[C.]. 
g.' (S ad. sk. New Britain, August (G. K Purchased. 
Richards), 

h. Ad. sk. New Britain. 
Purchased. 
i. Ad. sk. New Ireland (Rev. G. Brown). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. Juv. sk. New Ireland. Bey. G. Brown [C.]. 
/. (S ad. sk. San Cristoyal, Solomon Isl. Cuuiing Coll. 
m,n. <$ ; o. § San Cristoval, Jan. 8,1855 Gould tloll. 
ad. sk. (Voyage of H.M.S.< Herald.') 
p, $ ad. sk. San Cristoyal, Sept. 1865. J. Brenchley, Esq. 
[P.]. 

q. Juv. sk. Solomon Islands. P. L. Sclater, Esq. 
[P.]. 
r. 
$ ad. sk. Port Besolution, Tanna, New Purchased. 
Hebrides, July (G. E. 
Richards). 
7 . TKICHOGKLOSSUS. 
55 

s,t. $ % ad. sk. Erroniango, New Hebrides, Purchased. 
Sept. 10,1858. 
u, v. 2 ad. et <$ Havannali Harbour, Vati, Purcliased, 
juv. sk. New Hebrides, June, Nov. 


(G. E. Richards), 
to. Juv. sk. Vanua-Lava, Banks Group, J. JBrenchley, Esq. 
Aug. 1865. [P.]. 


x. J ad. sk. New Caledonia (F.ZtZayard). Seebohm Coll. 
y. Inim. sk. New Caledonia. Maison Verreaux. 
z. $ juv. sk. New Caledonia (Verreaux). Tweeddale Coll. 
a'. Juv. sk. New Caledonia (F. L. Layard). Purcliased. 
5. Trichoglossus flavicans. 
Trichoglossus raassenas, Earth (nee Bp.)} P. Z. S. 1867, p. 828 
(Eehiquier Isl.). 

Trichoglossus 
-flavicans, Cab. fy Rchnw. Sitzb. Geselkch. naturf. 
Freunde zu JBerl. p. 73 (1876) (type examined) ; iid. Journ. f. Orn. 
1876, p. 824; Salvad. Ann. Mni. Civ. Gen. x. p. 35, n. 79 (1877); 
Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1877, t. v. f. 1; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. 

p. 290 (1880) ; JRehnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 158 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 94); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 35 (1883); Salvad, Mem. P. Ac. Se. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 172 (1889); Stilder, ForscJiungsreise Gazelle, 
p. 237, t. x. f. 1 (1889). 
Triclioglossus cyanogramnius, Sclat. (nee Wagl), P. Z. S. 1877, p. 544, 
sp. 9 (Admiralty Isl.); Selat. Voy. ClialV,Birds, p. 30 (1881). 

Adult. Very much like T. cyanogrammus and T. massena, but 
the green colour of the upper parts has a decidedly olive tinge; the 
dark purple colour of the occiput, sides of the head, and throat more 
conspicuous; the red of the breast is very bright, but not so dark* 
the black bands across the breast are very narrow, as in T. massena; 
the green on the middle of the abdomen is more or less tinged with 
dark purple. Total length 10 inches, wing 6, tail 4*1, bill 0*95, 
tarsus 0*65. 

Hab. New Hanover, Admiralty Islands, Eehiquier Islands. 

a-e. S; f. 9 ad. sk. Admiralty Islands. (Challenger 'Expedition. 

g. 2 ad. sk. [New Ireland.*] Dr. O. Einsch [C.]. 
6. Trichoglossns nigrogtilaris. 
Triclioglossus 
nigrogularis, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 183, 195 
id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 41, 60 (1859); id. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 61 (1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; G. R. Gr. 

P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436 (partim); Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, 
p. 65,1864, p. 112, sp. 5 (partim); Schleg. Dierent. p. 77 (1864) 
id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 110 (1864); Fmsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 
(1865); Rosenh. Reis naar de Zuidoostereil. pp. 48, 80,100 (1867); 
G. R. Gr. Eand-Ust, ii. p. 155, sp. 8212 (1870); Sclat P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 697; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 35, n, 80 (1877); 
id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 93; I)1Alb. 8f Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
* I greatly doubt whether Dr. Finseh's specimen is really from New Ireland, 
where T. massena is certainly found. 
56 ZGRllBJ:. 

Gen. xiv. p. 40 (1879) (Fly River); Sahad. Orn. Pap. e Mol I 

p. 292 (1880); id. Toy. CJicdL, Birds, p. 75, pi xx. (1881); RcJimc. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, pp. 159, 3915 (Cmsp. Psitt. pp. 95, 228); 
id. Vogelbihl Nachtr. 30 (1883); Meyer, Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 
i. p. 274 (1884); Gvillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 623; Sahad. Mem. 
R. Ac. 8c. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 172 (1889). 
Triclioglossus cyanogranrmus, pait., Wall. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 291; 
FinscJi, Papay. ii. p. 830 (partim) (1868). 
Trichoglossus haematotus, pait., Schleq. Ned. Ttjdschr. Dierk. iii. 

p. 336 (partim) (1866), ir. p 10 (18*71); Id. Mm. P.-J5. P*ittaci, 
Revue, p. 43 (partim) (1874).* 
Adult. Very much, like T. cyanogrctmtio's, but the head has only 
two colours, blue on the forehead and cheeks, green on the veitex 
and occiput; there is scarcely any or no dark purple tinge on the 
occiput; throat pnrple ; the red colour of the breast is paler than 
in T. cyanogrammuS) and the breast-feathers have an orange tinge 
near the dark edges; the dark bands on the edges of the breast-
feathers are narrower than in T. cyanogrammiis; the middle of the 
abdomen is more or less mixed with black. Total length 11 Inches, 
wing 6, tail 5-50, bill 0-90, tarsus 0*65. 

Hah. Am Islands, Southern Xew Guinea, along the middle part 
of the Fly River, and Ke Islands. 

a,b. S $ ad. sk. Am Islands. Wallace Coll. (Types of 
species.) 

* The following refers to a bird which was collected by Wallace in the Am 
Islands, and which most likely is a hybrid between T. nigrogularis and Chalcopsittacus 
scintillatus. 
TRICHOGLOSSUS COCCINTIFKONS, G. B. Gr. 

Trichoglossus coccineifrons, 67. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1838, pp. 183, 194; 
id. Cat.B. New Guin. pp. 41, 60 {1859); id. Libt Psitt. Brit. Mm. 

p. 62 (1859); Mat. P. Z. S. I860, p. 227; 67. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, 
p. 436; Ro&enb. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, pp. 6o, 67, 1864, p. 112, 
n. 7; Wall. P. Z. S. 1SG4, pp. 291, 295; Finsch, Ncu-Guin. p. 158 
(1865); Rosenb. Reis oiaar de Zvidoodtreil. p. 48 (1867); 8(hleg. Ned. 
Tijdschr. PierJc. iii. p. 336 (1806;; JF>;^, Papay. ii. p. 845 (*1868) ; 
67. R. Gr. Hand-lht, ii. p. 150, sp. 8222 (1870); SiJikg. Ned. Tidj&chr. 
PierJc. iv. p. 10 (1871); Meyer, kiizb. l\ AJcad. Wihbimeh. Wien, Ixx, 
pp. 226, 227 (1874); Salvai. Ann Mvs. Civ. Gen.^. p. 35, n. 81 (1877); 
id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 296 (1880); Rcfaiw. Jovm. f Orn. 18S1, 
p. 160 (Comp. Psitt p. 96); id. Voyelbild. Xachtr. 37(1883); Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 172 (1889). 
Male. Green ; head purple: forehead and some scattered feathers on the 
pileum red; a red collar round the hind neck; breast red, with purple cross 
bands; abdomen blue ; flanks green and j ellow; thighs green; under tail-coverts 
orange, green in the middle; smaller upper \-\iiig-co\erts with orange-red 
irregular spots and edges; under wing-coverts red ; inner webs of the quills 
towards the base orange-red ; tail-feathers green, the lateral ones with the inner 
webs golden red towards the bases; bill orange ; feet plumbeous. Total length 
about 11 inches, wing 6, tail 4-3, bill 0*85, tarsus 0 6. 

Hob. Aru Islands. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Aru Islands; ( A. B. Wallace [C.]. 
(Tjpe of Trv hogfows coccineifrons Gr.) 
7. TRICHOGLOSSUS. 57 
e. J acL sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll. 
& ? ad. sk. Am Islands (A P. JT«JGould 
Coll. 
e. £ ad. sk.
/ , #. Ad. sk.
lace), 
Aru Islands. 
Aru Islands (J. T. Cock< 
Challenger' Expedition. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
erell). 

7. Trichoglossus mitchelli. 
Trichoglossus mitckellii, G. P. Gr. ListPsitt. Brit. Mus. p. 62 (1859); 
Fimch, Papag. ii. p. 838 (1868); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 490, 
pi. xli.; G. P. Gr. ibid.; Sclat. op. cit. p. 544; Salv. Ibis, 1871, 

p. 372 ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1880, p. 420: id. List Vert, An. 8th ed. 
p. 320 (1883). 
Psittacus (Trichoglossus) f orsteni, Bosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 66; 
id. Naturk. Tifdschr. Ned. hid. xxv. p. 146 (1863). 

Adult female. Back, wings, and tail green ; Bead purple-brown ; 
front and lores scarcely tinged with blue; vertex and cheeks with 
a faint tinge of green; a yellow-green band across the nape; the 
interscapular feathers have concealed red spots; a green band on 
the throat; breast bright red, with a faint tinge of orange towards 
the tip of the feathers, which are more or less faintly edged with 
green; abdomen green, tinged with dark brown-purple; vent and 
under tail-coverts green, with the feathers yellow at the base; 
thighs yellow ; under wing-coverts red ; quills beneath dusky black 
with a yellow band; tail underneath oily, with the inner web of 
the tail-feathers edged with yellow: bill red; feet dark grey; iris 
red. Total length 9 inches, wing 5*2, tail 3*5, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*51. 

A second specimen has the yellow tinge near the edges of the 
breast-feathers more distinct. 
Hal. Unknown. 

a. J ad. sk. Locality unknown. Zoological Society. 
(Type of T. mitc/iellii, Gr.) 
b. 2 ad. sk. Locality unknown. Zoological Society. 
c. Sternum of spec. a. 
8. Trichoglossus caeruleiceps. 
Trichoglossus casruleiceps, I?Alb. 8r Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
xiv. p. 41 (1879); Rclvnw. $* Schal. Journ. f. Orn. 1879, pp. 313, 
427; Sahad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 295 (1880) ; Rchnw. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 159 (Consp. Psitt. p. 95); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 
36 (1883); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 172 (1889). 
Adult. Very much like T. nvjrogularis, but with the head entirely 
blue. Total length 10 inches, wing 5*4, tail 4, bill 0-85, tarsus 0*61. 

(Museo Civico of Genoa.) 
Hah. Southern New Guinea, near the Xataw Biver. 

9. Trichoglossus novae hollau&ise. 
White-collared Parrot, Penn. Gen. of B. p. 59, pi. 2 (1773); Lath. 
Syn. I. 1, p. 251, n. 53 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 177 (1822). 

LORIIDJB. 

Blue-bellied Parrot, Brown, Ilkistr. p. 14, pi. 7 (1776); White, Voy. 

N. 8. W. pi. at p. 140 Phill. Voy. Bot. Bay, pi. p. 152 (1781) ; 
Lath. Syn. i. p. 213, 1 4 B (1781). 
Perruclie des Moluques, Daubent. PI. Fnl 743 ; Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. 

vi. p. 150 (1779). 
Orange-breasted Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 212,14 A (1781). 
Psittacus moluccanus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 316 (1788) (ex PL JEnL 743). 
Psittacus novse bollandiae, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 316 (1788) (ex Brown). 
Psittacus multicolor, Gm. op. cit. p. 328, n. 86 (1788) (ex Pennant); 
Bechst. Lath. Ueb. p. 79 (1811). 
Psittacus baematodus, var. /5, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 87 (1790). 
Psittacus baematodus, var. y, Lath. I. c. (1790). 
Psittacus semicollaris, Lath, Ind. Orn. i. p. 103, n. 6'2 (1790) ( = 

multicolor, Gm.); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 343 (1817) : Kuhl, Consp. 

Psitt p. 97 (1820) ; Vieill. JEnc. Meth. iii. p. 1384 (1823). 
Perrucbe a tete bleue (male), Levaill. Perr. pi. 24 (1801) (ad.). 
? Perrucbe a tete bleue, dans son jeune age, Levaill. Perr. pi. 2G 

(1801) (variety?). 
Psittacus cyanogaster, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 413, pi. 59 (1811) 
(syn. emend.). 

Psittacus bgematopus (!), Bechst. Lath. Ueb. p. 67 (1811); Ktihl, 
Consp. Psitt. r>. 34 (1820) (descr. of tbe ad. bird onlv) ; Less. Voy. 
Coq.l pp. 40l, 631 (1828); Voigt, Cav. Uebers, p. 729 (1831); 
Hahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 13, t. 3 (1834) ; Dubois, Orn. Gal. 
pi. 102 (1839). 

Psittacus bsematodus, part., Vieill. JEnc. Meth. iii. p. 1386 (1823) 
(male parfait). 

Tricboglossus bsematodus, Vig. §* Horsf. (nee Linn.), Trans. Linn. 
Soc. xv. p. 289 (1826); Le Maout, Hist. Nat. Ois. p. 99 (1853); 
Licht. Nomencl. AD. p. 72 (1854). 

Tricboglossus bsematopus, Steph. Gen, Zool. xiv. p. 129 (1826). 
Australasia novae-bollandice, Less. TV. d'Om. p. 209 (1831). 
Tricboglossus multicolor, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 553 (1832); Hartl. 

Syst. Verz. Ges. Mns. p. 85 (1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, 

n. 3 (1846); Bp. Mev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, n. 300; 
Souance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 226; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. p. 314; G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Bint. Mus. p. 60 
(1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci,p. 108 (1864); Gould, Handb. 
B. Ausir. ii. p. 93 (1865); Ramsay, P. Z. S.1864, p. 293; Schleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 47 (1874); Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, 
p. 602. 
Tricboglossus swainsoni, 
Jard. fy Selb. III. Orn. iii. pi. 112 (1825-39); 
8w. Zool III 2nd ser. iii. pi. 92 (1832-33); Selb. Nat. Libr., Orn. 

vi. p. 153, pi. 20 (1836); Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 304 (1837); Gould, 
B. Austr. v. pi. 48 (pt. ix., 1842) ; Rchnb. Yog. Neuholl. n. 170 
(1850); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 372 ; Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 305 ; 
Diggl. Syn. Austr. B. ii. pi. %o. f. 2 (1877); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 126, 1879, p. 170 (note); Moseley, Not. Chall. p. 352 (1879); 
Forbes, Voy. Chalk, Birds, p. 90 (1881). 
Tricboglossus 
novse bollandiae, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A, 8. B. p. 11 
(1849); Jfforsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 630 (1858); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 820 (1868); G. B. Gr. BCand-list, ii. p. 155, 

n. 8211 (1870); Garrod, P.Z.8. 1874, p. 587; Cab. % Rchmo. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1876, p. 324; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 658 (1877); 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 504 (1878); Rchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. viii. f. 4 (1878-83); id. Journ. /. Orn. 1881, p. 161 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 92); Saloin, Cat. B. Strichl. Coll. p. 455 (1882); 

7. TEiCHoeiossxTs. 
SclaL List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 319 (1883); Sharpe, lleport 
'Alert; p. 25 (1884),• Bamsag, Tab. List, p. 17, n. 518 (1888); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 74 (1889); North, Descr. Cat. Nests & Lags, 

p. 266 (1889).* 
* ^ 
Adult Back, tail, and wings green, the whole of the head and 
the middle of the abdomen bine; a yellowish-green band on the 
nape; breast yellow, more or less stained with red along the middle, 
sometimes almost entirely red, except on the sides; some very 
narrow cross lines of a blue colour, nearly vanishing, on the breast; 
flanks green, with the base of the feathers yellow, stained with red ; 
under tail-coverts yellow at the base, green at the tip; under wing-
coverts red; a yellow band on the under surface of the wing; inner 
web of the lateral tail-feathers yellow: bill red with yellow tip; 

feet dark ; " iris reddish brown, with a narrow ring of dark brown 
next the pupil" (Gould). Total length 12 inches, wing 6*7, tail 5*5, 
bill 0-7, tarsus 0*5. 

Young. Breast yellow, with scarcely any red colour; yellow-
green band on the nape scarcely visible. 
Hob. Eastern Australia from Cape York to Yictoria, and Tasmania 
(Ramsay). 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Zoological Society. 
b-e. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
f9g. Ad. sk. Australia (J. T. Cocherell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Mrs. Mauger [P.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Australia 
Sir D. Cooper [P.]. 
k. 
Ad. sk. Australia. J. E. W. Kishton, 
E«i. [P.]. 
I. 
<$ ad. sk. Prince of Wales Isl., Torres Str., e Alert' Expedition. 
July 1881. 
m. 2 ad. sk. Cape York. 
' Challenger' Exped. 
n. Ad. sk. Cape York. 
Purchased. 
o. Ad. sk. Somerset, Cape York. Tweeddale Coll. 
* TRICHOGLOSSUS VERREAUXIUS. 
Trichoglossus verreauxius, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, n. 352 
(Australasia); (r. E. Or. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 61 (1859); id. Handlist, 
ii.p. 156, n. 8221(1870). 

Trichoglossus verreauxi, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Oonsp. Psitt. n. 315; 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 846 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 660 (1877); 
Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 155 (Oonsp. Psitt. p. 91); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 33. 

Bright green; cheeks and throat bluish; breast, abdomen, and sides with 
irregular yellow and orange cross bands ; forehead and eyebrows red ; middle 
of the back with yellow spots (Bonaparte). 

Hab. Unknown. 

This bird, which, according to Bonaparte, is a large and true Trichoglossus, 
was only known from Bonaparte's original and incomplete description: 
the type specimen is in the Museum of Paris; but there is a second specimen in 
the British Museum, which has been labelled by Dr. Finsch as T. verreauxius; 
it agrees pretty well with Bonaparte's description; it is not symmetrical, and 
after some consideration I have arrived at the conclusion that most likely 
it is a hybrid between T. nova hollandics and Qlossopsittacus concinnus. 

a. Ad. sk. Melbourne. 
Gould Coll. 
GO 
LOR11DJC. 

p. 
Ad. sk. Puit Albany, N. Australia (C. Tweeddale Coll. 
Coven), 
q. 
<$ ad. sk. Port Molle, Queensland, May 'Alert' Expedition. 
1881. 
r~-y. 
Ad. sk. Cape Upstart, Queensland, April J. B. Jukes [P. . 
Ib48. 

s. Ad.sk. Clarence River, New South Waie^. Tweeddale ColL 
a\ Ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey P.~. 
b'. Ad. sk. S. Australia. C. D. Foitnuoi "P.". 
<?', ^', Ad. sk. Melbourne. II. Saunders, Esq. 
~P.~. 

10. Trichoglossus rubritorgues. 
? Blue-bellied Parrot, var. C, Lath. Syn. Suppl. i. p. '"3D (1787). 
Y Pbittacus liaeinatodu^, v<a\ 8, Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. ^7 (1790). 
Trichoglossu^ rubritoi quis, Tig. t$* Bonf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. i;91 

(1826); J7%Z. 3/<w. Tsitt. p. 552 (1832); Zear, Parr. pi. 34 
(1832) ; Xe&s. G;M/>J. efe i?^. ix. p. 22(J (lb37); #. op. cit. 2nd ed. 

p. 613 (1838); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 40 (pt. ix., 1842); G. R. Or. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 2 (184G); Rchnb. Yog. Xeuholl n. 171 (1850) ; 
Bp. Rev. etMag. de Zool 1854, p. 157, n. 301; Weinland, Journ. 
f. Orn. 1854, Ber. p. lxxv; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1^56, 
p. 226 ; Bp. Xaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 316; Elsey, P. Z.&. 
1857, p. 27 ; G. R. Gr. Lid Psitt. Brit Mus. p. CO (lb59); Gould, 
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 232; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 108 (18C4) ; 
Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 180*4, p. 112; Gould, Bandb. B. Austr. ii. 
p. 95 (1865) j Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158(1865); Miill. P.Z.S. 
1869, p. 279; G. R. Gr. Band-list, il p. 155, n. 8210 (3>7G) ; 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 48 (1874) ; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 602; Diggl Syn. Austr. B. ii. pi. 85. f. 1 (1877); Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. K. S. W. ii. p. 195, n. 505 (1878); Sahad. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. i. p. 299 (1880); Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 17, n. 519 
(1888); Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 493 (1890). 
Trichoglossus rubritorquatus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 824 (1868); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 659 (1877); Rchmo. Yogelbild. t viii. f. 5 (187883); 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 161 {Consp. Psitt. p. 92). 

Adult. Back, wings, and tail green; the whole head and throat 
blue ; breast and a band on the nape orange-red ; a blue cross band 
on the hind neck; interscapular feathers with the base orange-red; 
sides and under wing-coverts vermilion; middle of the abdomen 
dark green; flanks yellow, with the edges of the feathers green; 
under tail-coverts greenish yellow, tipped with green : the base of 
the inner web of the quills yellow ; lateral tail-feathers with the 
inner web yellow : bill red ; feet ashy grey : " iris red, with a narrow 

ring of yellowish round the pupil" ( Gould). Total length 12 Inches; 
wing 6*3, tail 6, bill 0*85, tarsus 0*65. 
Bab. N.W. Australia. 
a. Ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. d. Ad. sk. 
N.W. Australia. 
N.W. Australia.
(Type of species.) 
Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
Capt. Bowyer Bower 
eKf. d ad.; g, N.W. Australia.I?" J. R. Elsey^q . [P.\ 
h, i $ ad. sk. 

/ . TRICKOtfLQSSUS. 

61 

k, I Ad. sk. N.W. Australia (J. T. Cockerel!). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
?n, n. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. W. Chambers 

[P.l 
o. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Gould Coll. 
p, q. Ad. sk. Gulf of Carpentaria. Gould Coll. 
11. Irichoglossus rosenbergi. 
Trichoglossus 
rosenbergii, Schleg. Ned. TijdscJir. Bierh. iv. p. 9 
(1871); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue', p. 47 (1874); Bosenb. 
Beist. naar GeelvinU. p. 136, t. xv. f. 2 (1875); Meyer, Sitzb. 
Isis Bresd. 1875, p. 78 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 36, n. 82 
(1877); Bosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 591 (1878-79); Salvad. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. i. p. 298 (1880) j Bchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 159 
(Consp. Psitt. y. 95); id. Vogelbild. Naclitr. 37 (1883); Guillem. 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 632; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. 
p. 173 (1889). 
Adult. Back, wings, and tail green; head "blue, towards the 
occiput purple; a narrow red band on the occiput; another yellowish-
green band, sometimes mingled with red, on the nape ; interscapular 
feathers with concealed red bands ; breast and lower abdomen red, 
with dark blue bands on the edges of the feathers; middle of the 
abdomen dark blue; flanks yellowish green, with dark green bands; 
under tail-covTerts yellowish green, with green spots at the tip; 
under wing-coverts and quills at the base of the inner web red; 
inner web of the lateral tail-feathers yellowish green: bill orange-
red ; feet dark. Total length 11 inches, wing 4*80, tail 4*12, bill 
0-85, tarsus 0-65. 

Hah. Mysore Island, in Geelvink Bay. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Mysore Isl. (Br. A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll, 
b. Ad. sk. Mysore Isl. 
Gould Coll. 
12. Trichoglossus ornatus. 
Avis paradisiaca orientalis elegantissima, Seba, Mus. i. t. 60. ff. 2, 3. 
The Long Parrakeet, Bdw. Birds, iii. pi. 174 (1750). 
Psittacus minor e coccineo viridis, JSdtv. op. czt. iii. p. 247 (1750). 
Psittaca indica varia, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 366 (1760). 
Psittacus ornatus, Linn, S. N. i. p. 143, n. 19 (1766); Gm. S. N. i. 


p. 324, n. 19 (1788); Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 91, n. 28 (1790) ; 
Bechst Lath. Uehers. p. 70 (1811); 8haw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 416, 
pi. 60 (1811) ; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 35 (1820); Baffl. Trans. Linn. 
Soc. xiii. p. 281 (1821) (Malay Peninsula!); Vieill. Enc. Meth. 
iii. p. 1390 (1823); Voiqt, Cuv. Uehers. p. 734 (1831); Midi. § 
Schleg. Verh. Land-en Volhenh. pp. 90, 182 (1839-44). 
La Perruche variee des Indes orientales, Bauhent. PI. JEnl. 552. 
Psittacus inquinatus, Miill. S. JSf. Suppl. p. 79 (1776); Cassin, Pr. 

Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 240. 
La Perruche Lori, Levaill. Perr. pi. 52 (1801). 
Lorius omatus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 132 (1826). 
Australasia malaisice, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 210 (1831). 
Eos ornata, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 562 (1832); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

62 
LOEITDJE. 

p. 417, n. 8 (1845); Blyth, Cat. B. As. Soc. Beng. p. 11, n. 52 
(1849) ; id. Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xix. p. 237 (1850); Bp. P. Z. S. 
1850, p. 27. 
Psittacus (Trichoglossus) ornatus, Midi. $ Schleg. Verh. Zand-en 

Folkenk. p. 472 (1839-44); JRosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 
1862, p. 60; 

id. Natuurk. Tijdsehr. Ned. Inch xxv. p. 139 (Celebes, Buton, and 

Sula Isl.!). 

Triclioglo&bus 
ornatus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 6 (1846); 
Hartl. Erst. Nachtr. Tens. p. 15 (1846) ; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1854, p. 157,ii. 299; id. Namnannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 311; 
Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. F. I. Co. ii. p. 631 (1858) ; Blyth, 
Journ. A. 8. B. xxvii. p. 280 (note) (1858); Wall. Ibis, 1859, 
pp. 112, 113; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 62 (1859) ; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 226, 417 ; G. R. Gr. ibid. p. 357 ; Wall. 

P.Z.8. 1864, pp. 291,295; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 112 
(1864) ; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865) ; id. Papag. ii. p. 842 
(1868); G.R.Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 155, n. 8216 (1870); Wald. 
Trans. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 32 (1872); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Revue, p. 49 (1874); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 645 
(1875) ; Bruggem. Abh. naturw. Ver. Brem. v. p. 42 (1876) ; 
Letts, Journ. f. Orn. 1877, p. 364; Gieb. Thes. Om. iii. p. 658 
(1877); Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 274 (1878); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, 
pp. 53,145; Forbes, P.Z.S. 1879, p. 170 (note); Salvad. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. i. p. 299 (1880); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 136 (1881) ; 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. viii. f. 7 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 160 (Consp. Psitt. p. 160); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8tli ed. 
p. 320 (1883) ; Bias. Journ. f. Orn. 1883, pp. 115,134; id. Zeitschr. 
f. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 220; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 544; Bias. 
Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, pp. 85, 206; Meyer, Vogel-Skelett. 
t. lxii. (1879-88) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889). 
Adult. Back, hind neck, wings, and tail green; pileum and ear-
coverts purple-blue• a red band with dark blue cross lines on the 
occiput; a yellow band on each side of the neck; concealed bands 
on the interscapular feathers also yellow; cheeks and chin red; 
rhroat and breast also red, but with blackish-blue bands; middle 
of the abdomen green; sides yellow; vent and under tail-coverts 
yellowish green, the feathers edged with green; under wing-coverts 
yellow; quills underneath dusky black, without coloured band ; 
lateral tail-feathers yellowish, with the base of the inner web red. 
Total length 9*8 inches, wing 5*1, tail 3*2, bill 0*8, tarsus 0-6. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the colours, and especially 
the red on the cheeks and breast, paler. 
Hal. Celebes, Buton, and the Togian Islands. 


a. Ad. sk. Celebes ? 
Sir Stamford Raffles 
b. Ad. sk. Celebes ? 
Laugier Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Makassar, S. Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Makassar, S. Celebes (A. R. W.). Gould Coll. 
/ . Juv. sk. Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
i. 
Ad. st. Celebes. Baron A. von Hug-el 
[P.]. 
k. $ ad. sk. Celebes ? 
Zoological Society. 
I. Ad. var. sk. Celebes ? 
Tweeddale Coll. * 
8. PSITTEUTELES. 
63 

8. 
PSITTEUTELES. 
Type, 
Psitteuteles, Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157; 
id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. gen. 80 P. euteles. 
Range. Australia, Tenimber Islands, Timor, Celebes, and Sula 
Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Underside of the quills with no coloured band. 
a'. Larger ; breast bright yellow flavoviridis, p. 63. 
V. 
Smaller,- breast greenish yellow \ ^f7rh P-6.3' n. 
7 ° J \ oonthamemis, p. 64. 
b. Underside of the quills with a coloured band. 
d. Band on the underside of the quills yellow . euteles, p. 64. 
V. Band on the underside of the quills red ... . chlorolepidotus, p. Q^. 
1. Psitteuteles flavoviridis. 
Trichoglossus flavoviridis, Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 337, pi. xxxix., 
1864, pp. 292, 295 (partiin) ; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865); 
& Papag. ii. p. 849 (1868); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 155, 
n%218 (1870); Wald. Ann. $ Mag. N. H. (4) viii. p. 281 (1871); 
8chleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Pevue, p. 49 (1874); Gieb. Tlies. Orn. 

iii. p. 657 (1877) ; Posenb. Malay. Archip. p, 275 (1878); Pchnw. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 156 {Consp. Psitt. p. 92); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 34 (1883) ; Bias. Journ. f. Orn. 1883, p. 125. 
Adult. Green; bead olive-yellow; nape with a dusky collar; 
face, cheeks, and chin dusky green, each feather margined with 
yellow; fore neck, breast, and upper part of the belly bright yellow, 
each, feather narrowly margined with, dark green, producing a regular 
scaly appearance; belly, vent, and under tail-coverts yellowish 
green, with green edges to the feathers ; the interscapular feathers 
with concealed yellow bands ; quills dusky black underneath; tail-
feathers beneath ochre-yellow : bill orange-red; orbits bare, yellow; 
feet lead-colour; iris orange. Total length 8*50 inches, wing 4-80, 
tail 3-20, bill 0*72, tarsus 0*51. 

Hab. Sula Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Sula Isl. Wallace Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. $ ad.; e. Sula Isl. Wallace Coll. 
Ad. sk. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Sula Isl. (A. P. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Sula Isl. (A. P. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
2. Psitteuteles meyeri. 
Trichoglossus flavoviridis, part, Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 337, 1864, 
pp. 292, 295 (Menado). 

Trichoglossus 
meyeri, Wald. Ann. §* Mag. N. IS. (4) viii. p. 281 
(1871) ,* id. Trans. Zool 8oc. viii. p. 32, pi. iv. (1872); 8chleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Peme, p. 50 (1874); Salvad, Ann. Mus. Civ. 

64 
LORIIDJS. 

Gen. vii. p. 646 (1875); Briiggem. Abh. naturiu. Ver. Brem. v. p. 42 
(1876); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 658 (1877); Rosenb. Malay. Arc/tip. 

p. 275 (1878); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 54 ; Tweedd. Orn. Works, 
pp. 113, 136 (1881) ; Wardl Ramsay, Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 670 
(1881): Rchnw. Voc/elbild. t. xv. £ 3 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn, 
1881, p. 156 (Consj). Psitt. p. 92): Bias. Jour. f. Orn. 1883, 
pp. 125, 134; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 544; Meyer, Togel-
Skelett. t. xxiv. (1879-8S). 
Adult. Green ; pileum olive-brown, tinged with golden, especially 
on the forehead ; cheeks, lores, and throat brown-green, each feather 
with a yellow border ; a bright yellow patch on the ear-coverts; 
interscapular region with the feathers yellow at the base; under 
surface of the body greenish yellow, each feather bordered with 
green; abdomen and under tail-coverts more greenish and less 
yellowish; quills underneath dark grey: tail-feathers green, the 
lateral ones with the inner web and the underside yellowish : " bill 
orange-red; feet greyish blue; iris cherry-red " {Meyer). Total 
length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 2-70, bill 0*60, tarsus 0*41. 

Young. Duller; the pileum nearly green; the breast more green 

and less yellow. 

Hob. Celebes; according to Dr. Meyer confined to the northern 

part. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Menado. Tweeddale Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Menado. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Gorontalo, N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
d. Juv. sk. N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Celebes. Gould Coll. 
g, h. Ad. et Celebes. Dr. A. B. Mever 
juv. sk. 
[Cf .* 

3. Psitteuteles euteles. 
Psittacus 
euteles, Temm. PL Col. 068 (Timor) (1835); id. Toll 
Mtth. p. 61 (1839); S. Mull. $ Sclileg. Verh. Land-en Tolkenh. 

p. 209 (1839-44). 
Conurus euteles, Bourjot, Perr. pi. 43 {$) (1837-38). 
Pemiehe iris fenielle, Bourjot, Perr. pi. 446 (J ) (1837-38). 
• 
# I am not acquainted with the following subspecies:— 
TEICHOGLOSSUS MEYERI, Tar. BOXTILIIXEXSLS, Meyer, Sits. v. Abh. Ges. Isisf 
1884, Abh. i. p. 16. (Bonthain, S. Celebes.) 

Like T. meyeri, Wald., but differs in the following particulars:—1. The yellow 
colour of the head is les3 apparent, and not so sharply separated from the green 
colour of the neck. 2. The green colour of the back of the neck is brighter 
and makes a kind of collar. 3. The throat, the cheeks, and the sides of neck 
are not undulated with reddish yellow, but more bluish green ; the underside 
of the feathers of those parts is blue and not yellow. 4. The green bands 
of the underparta are broad. 5. The wings underneath are more blackish. 

6. The yellow colour on the lower back is less apparent. Length of the wing 
4-12 inches, tail 2*83, bill 0"66, tarsus 0*47. (Meyer.) 
Hab. Bonthain Mountain, S, Celebes. 


8. PSITJUUTELES. 
Psittacus (Trichoglossus) euteles, 8. MillL § Schleg. Verhand, 
Zand-en Volhenh. p. 472 (1839-44). 

Coriphilus euteles, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 417, n. 8 (184,5); id. 
List Psitt Brit. Mm, p. 59 (1859); Schley. Bierent. p. 78 (1864). 
Psitteuteles euteles, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157; id. 

Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 318; G. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 157, n. 8233 (1870). 
Trichoglossus ochreocephalus, Blyth, Joxtrn. A. 8. B. xxvii. p. 279 
(1858); G. R. Gr. P Z. 8.1861, p. 436. 
Trichoglossus euteles, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 226 ; Wall. Ibis, 1861, 

p. 349; id. P.Z.8. 1863, p. 484 (Flores), 1864, pp. 292,295; 
Finseh, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865); id. Papag. ii. p. 850 (1368); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 657 (1877); Meyer, Verh. «.-6. Geseltsch. 
Wien, 1881, p. 769 (Lettie), p. 772 (Babbar); Rchmo. Joam. f. 
Om. 1881, pp. 156, 396 (Consp. Psitt. pp. 92, 228); id. Vogelbild. 
t. xxx. f. 5 (1878-83); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889). 
Psittacus (Belocercus) euteles, Rosenb. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 66 ; 
id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Lid. 1863, p. 146. 
Nanodes euteles, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 112 (1864); «7. 
op. eit. Berne, ii. p. 56 (1874). 
Neopsittacus euteles, Meyer, Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 1884, pp. 195,196 
(Timor-laut); Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. 8c. 'Tor. ser. 2, xl, p. 173 (1889). 

Adult. Green, underneath yellowish green ; bead entirely yellowish 
olive; quills underneath blackish, with tbe inner-webs towards 
the base yellow ; tail-feathers on the inner webs and underneath 
yellowish green: bill yellow ? ; feet dark. Total length 10*50 
inches, wing 5*30, tail 4*20, bill 0*65, tarsus 0*54. 

Young. Has the head more greenish, and less distinctly separated 

from the green body. 
Hah. Timor, Mores, Wetter, Lettie, Babbar, and Timor-laut. 
Specimens from Flores have greener and darker heads ; the under


side of the body also is of a darker green. 

a. Ad. sk. Timor. Purchased. 
b. Ad, st. Timor. Zoological Society. 
c-f. Ad. sk. E. Timor. Wallace Coll. 
g] $ imm. sk. E. Timor ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. E. Timor (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll 
i-l. Ad. sk. Flores. Wallace Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Flores. Wallace Coll. 
4. Psitteuteles chlorolepidotus. 

Psittacus chlorolepidotus, Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 48 (1820); Vig. & 
Horsf. Trahs. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 291 (note) (1826); We'ml. Joam. 

f. Orn. 1854, B. p. xxv. 
Spotted Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 197 (1822). 
Trichoglossus matoni, Lath. M88.; Vig. $ Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. 
xv. p. 291 (1826) ; Lear, Parrots, pi. 35 (1832) ; Less. Compl. de 
Buff., Ois. ix. p. 226 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. ^13 (1838). 
Trichoglossus? 
chlorolepidotus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 130 
(1826) ; Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 550 (1832); Jard. # Sell. III. Orn. 

iii. pi. ex; Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 50 (pt. x., 1843); G. B Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 5 (1845); JRcJmb. Vog. Neuholl. n. 172 
(1850) ; Blyih, Cat. B. As. Soc. Beng. p. 12 (1849) ; Bp. Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, n. 303 ; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 
1856, p. 226; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. u. 317; G. II. 
VOL. xx. 
*' 

66 
L0RIIDJE. 

Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 02 (1859); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. Il l (1864); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 96 (1865) ; 
Bamsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 305; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 847 (1868); 

G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 155, n. 8217 (1870); Sckleg. Mus. P.B. 
Psittaci, Bevue, p. 49 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 656 
(1877) ; Biggl. Sijn. B. Austr. ii. pi. 86. f. 1 (1877J ; Broadb.Pr. 
B. Soc. Queensl. 
iv. p. 27 (1877); Bamsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. 
W. ii. p. 195, n. 506 (1878); Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. viii. f. 3 (1878 
-83); id. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 156 {Consp. Psitt. p. 92) ; Salt. 
Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 455 (1882) ; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 
p. 320 (1883) ; Sharpe, Beport' Alert/ p. 25 (1884) ; Broadb. Pr. 
B. Soc. Queensl (2) ii. p. 124 (1885); North, Pr. Linn. Soc. N S. 
W. (2) ii. p. 986 (1887), iii. p. 1777 (1888); Bamsay, Tab. List, 
p. 17, n. 520 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889); North, 
Descr. Cat. Nests $ Eggs, p. 267 (1889). 
Australasia 
viridis, Less. Tr. dJOrn. p. 210 (1831); id. Compl. de 
Buff., Ois. ix. p. 226 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 612 (1838); 
Pucher. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1853, p. 159; Kaiil. Joum.f. Orn. 
1855, p. 422. 

Adult. Green; 
on the crown a bluish-green tinge; the feathers 

of the interscapular region, throat, and breast yellow, margined at 

the tip with a crescent of green ; on the throat and on the sides 

some feathers have the yellow base tinged with red; axillaries, 

under wing-coverts, and the inner webs of the 
quills towards the 

base red; tail beneath ochre-yellow: bill red, inclining to orange 

at the tip ; cere and orbits olive; feet lead-colour (?) ; iris scarlet, 

with a circle of buff round the pupil, in some specimens buffy 

yellow. Total 
length 10 inches, wing 5'50, tail 4*20, bill O-70, 

tarsus 0*50. 

Hab. Australia, from Rockingham Bay, through the Interior, to 

Southern Australia. 

a. 
Ad. st. Australia. Linnean Society. 
(Type of T. maioni.) 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Gould Coll. 
c. 
Ad. sk. Somerset, Cape York (?) (J. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Cocker ell). 
d. Ad. sk. Clarence Biver. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk. N.E. Queensland (Cavin fy Gi*ant). Sydney Museum [P.]. 
h. $ ad. sk. Port Curtis, Queensland, April. 
EQ1.S. 'Alert.' 
i. Ad. sk. Queensland (E. Waller). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, I. Ad. sk. Australia (J. T. Cocherelt). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
9. PTILOSCLERA. 
Type. 
Ptilosclera, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 597, gen. 66 (1857); 

G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 59 (1859) ........ P. versicolor. 
1. Ptilosclera versicolor. 
Trichoglossus versicolor, Vig. in Lear's III. Parr. pi. 36 (1832); Selb. 
Nat. Libr. vi. p. 157, pi. 21 (pessima) (1836) ; Gould, B. Austr. 

v. pi. 51 (pt. ix., 1842) ; G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 9 (1846); 
Gould in Voy. Beag. i. App. p. 481 (1846); Leich. Jour. Overl. 
Exp. to Port Essington, p. 441 (1847) ; Rchnb. Vog. Neuhott. n. 173 
(1850); Jacq. et Pucher. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 102 (1853) j 
10 . GLOSSOPSITTACUS. 
Wartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 165; Ekey, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 27; 
Zuchold, Jour. f. Orn. 1858, p. 39; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 853 
(1868); Gieb. fhes. Orn. iii. p. 660 (1877); Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 155 (Consp. Psiti. p. 91); Salvin, Cat. B. Strickl Coll 

p. 456 (1882); Pchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxx. f. 4 (1883) ; Tristr. Cat 
Coll B. p. 74 (1889). 
Ocmurus lori scintillatus, Bourj. Pen. pi. 52 (1837-38). 
Trichoglosse versicolor, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole 8ucL Atlas, pi. 24 

bis, f. 1 (1845). 
^ ' * 

Psittenteles versicolor, Pp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, n. 304; 
$ouanc$, Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 226 ; Bp. Namnanma. 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 319. 

Coriphilus versicolor, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mu$. p. 59 (1859); 
Schleg. Bierent. p. 78 (1864); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865). 
Nanodes versicolor, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 115 (1864); id. 


op. cit. Pevue, p. 53 (1874). 
Ptilosclera versicolor, Gould, Handb. B. Aiistr. ii. p. 98 (1865); G. 

P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 156, n. 8224 (1870); Masters, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. 2T. S. W. ii. p. 274 (1877). 
Trichoglossus (Ptilosclera) versicolor, Pamsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. 

ii. p. 195, u. 507 (1878); id. Tab. List, p. 17, n. 521 (1888). 
Neopsittacus versicolor, Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 519 (1882). 
Adult male. Green, with yellow-green streaks nearly all over the 
body, more yellowish on the underside; crown and lores red; 
ear-coverts and a hand on the occiput yellowish green; cheeks 
and a collar on the nape bluish ; breast vinous red, brighter on 
the sides; quills underneath blackish; inner web and underside 
of the tail-feathers yellowish green : bill red, cere and naked space 
round the eyes greenish white; feet light ash-grey; iris brown. 
Total length 8 inches, wing 4*80, tail 3, bill 0-60, tarsus 045. 

Immature bird. Differs from the adult in being smaller, paler, 
and in having the red on the crown confined to the forehead; the 
rest of the crown is greenish blue with yellow streaks. 

Young. Pale dull green, with scarcely any streaks; the forehead 
pale red. 
Hah. Northern and Western Australia. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. W. Chambers [P,]. 

c. J ? ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. O. Stanley [P.t 
d-h. S ? ad. et Depot, N.W. Australia, J. R. Elsey, Esq. [Pi]. 
imm. sk. Dec. 1855. 
i, h. Ad. sk. N.W. Australia. Capt. Bowyer Bower [P.]. 

I. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
m,n. Ad.etimm. N. Australia (J". T. Cock- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. erell). 
o,p. 
Ad. et juv. Cape York (J. T. Cock- Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. erell). 

10. GLOSSOPSITTACUS. Type> 
Centrourus, G. P. Gr. (nee Sw.), List Gen. B. p. 51 (1840) G. concinnus. 
Glossopsitta, Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157 G. concinnus. 
Glossopsittacus, Sundev. Meth. Nat. Av. Bisp. Tent. p. 71 

(1872) 
• • Gr concinnus. 

Range. Australia, New Caledonia, and S.E. New Guinea. 
p 2 


88 
LOEIIDiE 

Key to the Species. 

I. Underparts with shaft-streaks 
goldiei, p. 68. 
II. Underparts witli no shaft-streaks. 
a. A red spot on the erissuai 
diadematus, p. 68. 
b. No red spot on the crissum; hind neck olive. 
a'. Cheeks with no red. 
a". Larger; ear-coverts red, like the forehead . concinnus, p. 69. 
b". Smaller; ear-coverts yellow mixed with red, 

like the forehead 
paiphyrocephalus, 

V. 
Cheeks, as well as the forehead and chin, all [p. 70 
round the base of the bill, red pusittus, p. 72. 
1. Glossopsittacus goldiei 
Trichoglossus goldiei, SJiarpe, Joam. Linn. Soc, Zool xvi. pp. 318, 
426 (1882); Rchnio. Vogelbild. Naehtr. n. 29 (1883"); Sharpe, 
Gould's B. New Guin. pt. xiv. pi. 3 (1833); RcJimc.fy Sckal. Journ. 

f. Orn. 1883, p. 416. 
Neopsittacus goldiei, Salvad. Ann. yius. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 419, n. 11 
(1882); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 519 (1882); id. Mem. R. Ac. 
Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 173 (1889). 

Adult male. Green, pileum crimson; from behind the eye a 

broad purplish-blue band extends to the occiput; lores, sides of 

face, and ear-coverts lilac-red; the upper ear-coverts and feathers 

of the nape washed with lilac-blue, the last are faintly edged with 

dull red; hind neck mottled with yellow-green edges to the 

feathers; under surface of body and under wing-coverts yellowish 

green, streaked with darker green down the centre of the feathers ; 

quills dusky below, with an oily yellow spot on 
the inner web, 

forming a diagonal band across the underside of the wing; tail 

green, underneath oily green : bill black ; feet dark. Total length 

7 inches, wing 4*20, tail 3*10, culmen 0*55, tarsus 0*50. 

Female or immature bird. Similar to the adult, but the red on the 

head confined to the forehead; the vertex and the occiput have the 

feathers purplish blue towards the tip and green at the base. 

Eab. Astrolabe Mountains, S.E. jSTew Guinea. 

a. (S ad. sk. Astrolabe Mountains. A. Goldie "O.1. 
b. 
$ or imm. sk. Astrolabe Mountains. A. Goldie [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
2. Glossopsittacus diadematus. 
Psitteuteles diadema (!), Terr, et O. JDes Murs, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 
I860, p. 390, 1862, p. 132; Marie, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxvii. 

p. 327 (1870) ; id. Lbis, 1877, p. 302 ; Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 253 ; 
Oust. Bull Soc. PMom. Paris, iii. p. 218 (1879). 
Trichoglossus diadema, G.E. Gr. Hand-list, ii, p. 157, n. 8232 (1870) : 
Laijard, Ibis, 1882, pp. 526, 543. 
Trichoglossus diadematus, Finsch, Papxg. ii. p. 867 (1868); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 657 (1877); Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 147 (Consp. Psitt p. 83); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. n. 28 (1883). 
Female. Green, lighter on the forehead, lores, below the eyes, on 
the ear-coverts, sides of the neck, and under surface; crown blue; 

10 . GLOSSOPSITTACUS. 
cheeks and throat yellowish; a red spot on the vent; tail-feathers 
green, the four lateral ones yellowish green towards the tips, and with 
the inner webs red at the bases, and with a black band between the 
yellow and the red: bill long, much arched and pointed; feet dark. 
"Total length 200 millim., wing 93, tail 90, bill 14, tarsus 

10 " (Verreauz). 
Hah. New Caledonia. 
Only the type, a female, of this bird is known; it is pre


served in the Colonial Collection in the Palais de ^Industrie in 
Paris. I have to thank M. Salle for a sketch of the type. The 
green forehead, the blue crown, the yellow cheeks and throat, and 
the red spot on the vent distinguish at a glance this species from 
any other. 

I am not at all sure about its generic characters, and it may 
possibly belong to the genus Hypocliarmosyna. 

3. Grlossopsittacus coucinnus. 
Pacific Parrot (var.), Fhitt. Voy. Bot. Bay, p. 155, pi. 21 (1789). 

Psittacus australis, Lath, (nee Gm.) Ind. Orn. i. p. 104, n. 66 (1790); 
Bechst Lath. Ueb. p. 80 (1811-12); ? Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 342 
(1817); ? id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1384 (1823); Halm, Orn. Atl., 
Papag. p. 03, p. 48 (1830); Thienem. Fortpfianz. d. yes. Voy. p. 74 
(1840). 

Psittacus concinnus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. iii. pi. 87 (1791); Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt p. 40 (1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 735 (1831); Weird. 
Joum.f. Orn. 1854, B. p. lxxv. 

Crimson-fronted Parrot, Lath. Gen. Syn. SuppL ii. p. 87 (1802); id. 

Gen. Hist. ii. p. 181, with var. A, B, C (1822). 
La Perruche a bandeau rouge, Levaill. Perr. pi. 48 (1801). 
Psittacus pacificus, Shaw, Gen, Zool. viii. 2, p. 419 (1811). 
Paittacus rubrifrons, Bechst. Lath. Ueb. p. 84, pi. 11 (1811) ; Hahn, 

Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 24, pi. 10 (1834). 
Psittacus velatus, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 373 (1817); id. Enc. MUh. 

iii. p. 1405 (1823). 
Trichoglossus concinnus, 
Vig. Sf Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 292 
(1826); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. 2, p. 130 (1826); Jard. <$• Selb. III. 
of Orn. i. pi. 34 (1839); Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. ix. p. 220 (1837); 
id. op. tit2nd ed. p. 612 (1838); Fraser, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 113 ; 
Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 52 (pt. xiii., 1843); Rchnb. Yog. Neuholl. 

ii. 174 (1850) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 371; Pamsay, Ibis, 1865, 
p. 305 ; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 857 (1868); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 465, 634, 1874, p. 587; Pelz. Ibis, 1875, p. 117; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 056 (1877); Diggl Syn. B. Austr. ii. pi. 86. f. 2 
(1877); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 170, figs. 5, 0, pi. xvi. tigs. 5, 6 ; 
Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 148 (Consp. Psitt. p. 84) ; Salv. 
Cat. B. Strichl. Coll. p. 456 (1882); Pchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxx, 
f. 3 (1883); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p 320 (1883); Legge, 
Pr. P. Soc. Tasm. 1886, p. 238; Cox $ Ham. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 
S. W. (2) iv. p. 418 (1889). 
Lathamus concinnus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 206 (1831). 
Trichoglossus australis, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 549 (1832); Marti. 
Si/st. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); G. M. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, 

n. 8 (1846); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S B. p. 12 (1849); G. P. Gr. 
List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 63 (1859). 
70 
L0R1IDJE, 

Centrourus australis, G. R. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 51 (1840). 

Glossopsitta australis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, n. 308; 
SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 226; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 322; Gould, Kandb. B. Ausir. ii. p. 100 
(1865); Ramsay, P. Z. 3. 1875, p. 602 ; North, Descr. Cat Nests 

# Fgp, p. %®8 (1889). 
Coriphilus australis, ScTiley. Dierent. p. 77 (1864). 
Nanodes australis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaei, p. 214 (1864) ; id, 

op. cit. Revue, p. 53 (1877;. 
Glosopsitta concinna, G. R. Gr. lland-l ii. p. 156, n. 8226 (1870) ; 
Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 74 (lt>89). 
Glossopsittacus concinnns, Sural. Meth. Nat. Av. Disp. Tent. p. 71 
(1872). 
Trichoglossus (Glossopsitta) concirmus, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. See. N. S. 

W. ii. p. 195, n. 508 (1878); id. Tab. List, p. 17, n. Q'22 (1888). 
Glossopsitta concinnus, North, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii. 
p. 1778 (1888). 
Adult male. Green: forehead, lores, and ear-coverts bright red; 
pileum more or less tinged with blue; cheeks with narrow lines of 
bright green; hind neck and upper part of the back olive-brown; 
sides of the breast yellow ; inner webs of the lateral tail-feathers 
yellowish, writh the base red: " bill blackish brown, passing into 
reddish orange at the tip;" feet dark; " iris buff, surrounded by a 
narrow circle of yellow " (Gould). Total length 8*60 inches, wing 
4-9, tail 3-50, bill 0-70, tarsus 0*51. 
Female. Similar to the male, but with mucb less blue on the head. 
Bab. Australia, from Rockingham Bay to S. Australia, and 
Tasmania. 

a. Ad. sk, Australia. Linnean Society. 
h. 
Ad. st. Australia. A. Cunningham, Esq. 
[P.]. 
e. d ad. sk. S. Australia, 1841. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Paver Darliner, Nov. Ib03. Gould Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. New HollancL Sir J. Mitchell ~?.\ 
y. Ad. sk. Cape Upstart, April 1843. J. B. Jukes ~P.~T 
h,i. Ad.sk. Australia (J. TJ'oclcereU). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
&. Ad. sk, Aubtralia. Tweeddale Coll. 
\ m. Ad. sk. Ashfield, July 1863. Hume Cull. 
n. Ad. sk. Tasmania. * E. Gunn, Esq. [P.". 
o} p. Ad. sk. * Tasmania. P. Gunn, Esq. ^P/. 
q} r. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Exped. "" 
s. Ad. var. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Exped. 
t Ad. var. sk. Tasmania Purchased. 
u. 
(S ad.; v, w, a\ J Tasmania. C. G. H. Lloyd [P.]. 
ad. sk. 
y. Ad. sk. Tasmania, April 1867. Hume Coll. 
4. Grlossopsittacus porphyrocephalns. 
Psittacus purpureus, Dietriehsen (nee Mull., Gm.9 Less.), PMlos. 
Mag. xi. p. 387 (1832); Wagl Man. Psitt p. 747 (1832) j 'Thienem. 
Fortpfig. d. ges. Vog. p. 74 (1846). 

Trichoglossus porphyrocephalus, Dieir. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvii. (part 4) 

p. 553 (1837 *) ; Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 53 (pt. i., 1840; ; G. R. 
* The description was read March 20, 1832, 
10 . GLOSSOPSITTACTJS. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, no. 12 (1846) ; Hartl.rst. Nachtr. Verz. 

p. 15 (1844); Sturt, Exp. Centr. Austr. ii. App. p. 41 (1843); 
Rehnb. Vog. Neuholl no. 176 (1850); Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. As. 
Soc. Beng. p. 12 (1849) ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit, Mus. p. 04 
(1859); Etnsch, Papag. ii. p. 862 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. 
p. 659 (1877); Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 147 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 83); Salvin, Cat. B. Strichl Coll p. 456 (1882); Rchnw. Vogelbild. 
t. xxx. f. 1 (1883). 
Psittacula florentis, Bourj. Perr. pi. 84 (1837-38). 
Trichoglossus purpureus. Eraser. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 113; Licht. Nomencl. 

Av. p. 72 (1854). 
Glossopsitta porphyrocephala, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, 

n. 310; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 226; Bp. Nauwiannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. no. 324; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. 
p. 102 (1865); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 156, no. 8228 (1870); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 74 (1869). 
Nanodes porphyroeephalus, Schleg. Mus.P.-B. Psittaci, p. 115(1864); 
id. op. cit. Revue, p. 53 (1874). 
Trichoglossus 
(Glossopsitta) porphyroeephalus, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 195, no. 509 (1878) ; id. Tab. List. p. 17, no. 523 
(1888). 

Adult, Green, interscapular region olive; throat, breast, and 
middle of tlie abdomen bluish; forehead and ear-coverts yellow, 
intermingled with red; crown of bead deep purple-blue; lores red ; 
sides green, mixed with red; under tail-coverts yellowish green; 
bend of the wing* light blue ; under wing-coverts crimson ; primaries 
blackish brown, margined externally with green ; tail green above, 
with the inner web yellow, towards the base red: bill black ; feet 
bluish ; " iris brown, with a narrow ring of orange round the pupil" 
(Gould), Total length 6-75 inches, wing 4-20, tail 2*50, tarsus 0*39. 

Hah. West and South Australia. 

a, h. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Gould Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Gould Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. W. Australia (J. T. Cocherell). Salrin-Godman Coll. 
/ . 2 ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
q. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey|P.j. 
>i. Ad. sk. S. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll. 
i. 
Ad. sk. Swan Eiver. R. B. Sliarpe, Esq. [P.]. 
5. Glossopsittacus pusillns. 
Psittacus pusillus, Shaw, in White's Journ. of a Vog. to Neiv South 
Wales, p. 262, pi. 48 (1790); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 106, no. 71 
(1790) ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 471 (1811); Bechst. Lath. 
TJebers. p. 82 (1811); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 376 (1817); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 47 (1820); Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1407 (1823); 
Less. Voy. Coq., Zool p. 630 (1828); Voigt, Cuv. TJebers. p. 735 
(1831); Weinl Journ. f. Orn. 1854, B. p. lxxv. 

Small Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 88 (1802); id. Gen. 

Hist. ii. p. 194, with var. A (1822). 
La Perruche a face rouge, Levaill Perr. pi. 63 (1801). 
Psittacus nuchalis, Bechst. Lath. TJebers. p. 81, pi. 9. f. 1 (1811); 

llahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. t. 36 (1835); Dubois, Orn. Gal pi. 65 
(1839). 

72 LORIIDJE. 

TrichoglobMis piibillus, Vig. §• Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 293 
(1826); Steph. Gen. ZooLxiv. 2, p.' 130 (1826) ; Tragi. Mon. Psitt. 

p. 548 (1832) ; Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 54 (pt. xiii., 1843); Hartl 
Si/st rerz. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, 
no. 7 (1846); Thienom. Fortpflanz d. ges. Vocj. p. 75 (1846) ; Blgth, 
Cat. B. MILS. A. S. B. p. 12 (1849);*Rchnb. Vdg. Neulwll. n. 175 
(1850); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 64 (1859); Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 8« 0 (1868); Mull P. Z. S. I860, p. 279; Pelz. Ibis, 
1873, p. 117; Gieb. The*. Orn. id. p. 659 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. 
Linn. See N. S. W. ii. p. 195, no. 510 (1878); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 170; Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. lfr^l, p. 148 (Consp. Psitt. p. 84) ; 
Salvia, Cat. B. Strickl Coll p. 43(5 (lfcb2); Rrhniu VoqelbildX xxx. 
f. 2 (1*83) ; Legge, Pr. R. Soc. Tasm. 1886. p. 238; Ramtag. Tab. 
List, p. 17, no/524 (188S); Cov $ Ham. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. 11. 
(2) iv. p. 418 0889). 
Lathamiib pu&illus, Less. Tr. aVOrn. p. 20G (1831). 
Glossopsitta pusilla, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. lfe54, p. 157, n. 309; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 220 ; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 333; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 103 
(1865) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 156, n. 8227 (1870) ; Ramsay, 

P. Z. S. 1875, p. 602 ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889); North, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii. p. 1778 (1883); id. Deser. Cat. 
Nests § Eggs, p. 268 (1889). 
Coriphilus pusillus, Schleg. Dierent. p. 78 (1864)* 
Nanocles pusillus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 115 (1864) ; id. op. 
eit. Revue, p. 53 (1874). 

Adult male. Green ; face red; hind neck and interscapular region 
olive-brown; tail above green; inner webs of the lateral feathers 
fine red at the base, yellow towards the tip : bill black; feet brown ; 
" iris orange, surrounded by a narrow line of yellow." Total length 
6*60 inches, wing 4, tail 2-40, bill 0*45, tarsus 0-35. 

Female. Similar to the male, but smaller and with the red on the 
face less extended. 
Ilab. Australia, from Rockingham Bay to South Australia, and 
Tasmania. 

a. Ad. &t. Australia. Australian Hus. [P.". 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir B. Cooper fP.l 
e,f. Ad. sk. Australia (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <$ ad. sk. S. Australia. Gould Coll. 
h. 3 ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey HP.l. 
i. 2 ad. sk. S. Australia, Mav. Sir G. Grey [Pf. 
k. Ad. sk. N. S. "Wales. " Gould Coll. " 
I, m, Ad. sk. Cape Upstart, April. J. B. Jukes [P.], 
n. Ad. sk. Sydney. Tweeddale ColL 
o. <$ ad. sk. Ipswich, Sept. Hume Coll. 
11. HYP0CHAEM0SYETA. 
Type. 
Hypocharmosyna, Salvad. MS. H. placens. 

Range. Prom the Moluccas, through the Papuan Islands and 
New Hebrides, to the Fiji Islands. 

11 . HYrOCHABMOSOTA. 
73 

Key to the Species. 

I. Inner web of the quills red 
toilhelmince, p. 73. 
II. JNo red on the inner web of the quills. 
a. A yellow band on the underside of the quills. 
a1. Cheeks and throat red in the males. 
a". No red patch on the upper tail-coverts. 
«"'. Rump blue placens, p. 74. 
b"'. Hump green, without any blue subplacens, p. 75. 

b". A red patch on the upper tail-coverts. 

c'". Tied patch on the upper tail-coverts 
duller; the female with yellow 
streaks on the ear-coverts rubronotata, p. 76. 

d'". Bed patch on the upper tail-coverts 
brighter; the female with bright 
green streaks on the ear-coverts.. kordocma, p. 77. 

b'. Only the upper part of the throat red rubriyularis, p. 77. 
b No yellow baud on the underside of the quills, 


which are entirely dusky. 
c'. Thighs red ; face and throat red aureocincta, p. 78. 
d'. Thighs green. 

c". Very little red round the base of the 
bill palmamm, p. 78, 
d". No red round the base of the bill pygmcea, p. 79. 

1. Hypocliarmosyna wilMmmse. 
Trichoglossus 
wilhelminse, Meyer, Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 56 (type 
examined); id. Sitzb. k. Ah. Wissensch. Wien, lxix. pp. 74, 100 
(1874); Sclat. Ibis, 1874, p. 419 ; Meyer, Sitzb. Ms JDresd. 1875, 

p. 78; Mchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 151 (Consp. Psitt. p. 87) ; 
id. Vogelbild. t. xxix. f. 4 (1878-83). 
Psitteuteles wilhelminas, Gould, B. New Guin. pt. iii. pi. 6 (1876). 
Coriphilus wilhelroinas, Sahad. Ann. Mtis. Civ. Gen. x. p. 36, sp. 84 

(1872); id. Orn. Pap. e MoL i. p. 302 (1880); Sharpe, Journ. 
Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 427 (1882); Sahad. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. 

p. 519 (1882); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 623; Sahad. Mem. R. 
Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 174 (18S9). 
Adult male. Green, underparts lighter, crown tinged with purple; 
nape purple, with narrow blue feathers; lower back red, succeeded 
by a patch of purple, blending into green on the upper tail-coverts; 
breast with narrow streaks of yellow, each streak being margined 
with dark green; on the flanks a small patch of yellow; axillaries, 
under wing-coverts, and inner web of the quills red; middle tail-
feathers green at the base, dark purple at the tip ; the lateral tail-
feathers red at the base, and with a dark purple band near the tip, 
which is green: bill yellow-red; feet dark grey; iris yellow. 
Total length 4*75 inches, wing 2*75, tail 2, bill 0-47, tarsus 0-38. 
Adult female. Differs from the male in having no red on the lower 
back, which is green *, no yellow spot on the flanks, and no red on 
the axillaries, under wing-coverts, and inner web of the quills, which 
are green. Total length 4*50 inches. 

* Dr. Meyer describes the lower buck of the female as green, but in a specimen, 
apparently of that sex, in the British Museum collection from S.E. New Guinea 
the lower back is purple. 
74 
LOEIID.ZE. 

Hob. New Guinea, from Andai on the western coast of Geelvink 
Bay to the Astrolabe Mountains in the south-eastern part. 

a. 
<$ ad.; b, c. Astrolabe Mountains, S.E. New A. Goldie [C.]. 
Imm. (S sk. Guinea. 
cl 
$ ? ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[0.]. 

2. HypochariiiQsyna placens. 
Psittacus placentis (!), Temm. PL Col. ooS (1835) (types examined); 
Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. p. 600 (1888); Temm. PL Col. i. Tail. 
Meth. p. 61 (1839); S. MiilL Verh. Land-ea Volkenk. pp. '23, 107 
(1839-44). 

Conurus placens, Bourjot, Perr. pi. 46 ( £ et 5 , ex Temm.) (1837-88). 
Psittacus (Trichoglossus) placentis, 8. Mull. Verh. Land-en Volkenk. 

p. 472 (1839-1844). 
Coriphilus 
placentis, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417, no. 7 (1845); 
id. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 182, 194; id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 41, 59 
(1859) 5 id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 59 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1800, 

p. 357,1801, p. 436 ; Bosenb. Beis naar de ZuidoosttreiL^. 48, 80, 
87,100 (1867). 
Psitteuteles placens, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 157, sp. 307 ; 
id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 821; Gould, B. of New Guin. 
pt. in. pi. 7 (1876) ; Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 74 (1889). 

Trichoglossus placens, Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Soe. ii. p. 104, sp. 105 
(1858); id. P. Z. S. 1800, pp. 220, 227; Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 872 
(1808); Meyer, Sitzb. k. Ak. Wissensch. Wien, lxix. pp. 400, 
401 (1874); id. Sitzb. Isis Dresd. p. 78 (1875) ; Bc/mw. Journ./. 
Orn. 1881, p. 150 {Consp. Psitt. p. 80); id. Vor/elbild. t. xxix. f. 4 
(1878-83); Meyer, Zeitschr. /. ges. Orn. i. p. 275 (1884). 

? Trichoglossus versicolor (!"), Wall. Ibis, 1801, p. 284 (Ceram). 

Trichoglossus placentis, Bosenb. Journ. / Orn. 1802, pp. 61, 62, 65, 
67 ; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 140, 141,142,145 (1868). 
Charmosyna placentis, Wall. P. Z. S. 186-t, p. 292 (cum var. a et b), 

p. 295. 
Coriphilus placens, 8chleg. Bierent. p. 78, with rig. (1864); Finseh, 
Neu-Gnin. p. 158 (1865); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, 
sp. 85 (1877); D1 Alb. e Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 42 
(1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 303 (1880); Bias. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 702; Pleske, Bull. Acad. Petenb. xxix. p. 524 (1884); 
NehrJc. Journ./ Orn. 1885, p. 31; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, pp.565, 
623; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 174 (1889). 

Nanodes placens, 
Schleg. MILS. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 113 (1804); id. Ned. 
Tijdschr. Bierk. iii. p. 336 (1866); id. Mus. P.-B. Pattaci, Bevue, 

p. 50 (1874); Bosenb. Beist. naar Geehinkb. pp. 0, 118 (1875). 
Psitteuteles placentis, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 157, sp. 8235 (1870). 
Charmosyna (?) placens, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 760 
(1875). 
Charmosyna sp., D'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 9 (1877). 

Yery much like H. subplacens, from which it differs in having a 

large blue spot on the uropygium. 
Adult male. Green ; crown yellow-green ; tmderparts paler; 
cheeks, throat, sides of the breast, and under wing-coverts bright 
red; ear-coyerts blue ; a large patch of blue on the uropygium; 
a yellow band on the underside of the wii<g; tail green, the two 

11 . HrPOCHARMOSYNA. 
75 

middle feathers with the tip red, the lateral tail-feathers red at the 
base, with a black band in the middle and yellow tips; bill and feet 
eoral-red; iris yellow. Total length 7 inches, wing 3*60, tail 3-20, 
bill 0-50, tarsus 0*40. 

Adult female. Upper parts, including the pileum, green; a blue 
patch on the uropygium; cheeks, underparts, and under wing-coverts 
lighter green ; ear-coverts with yellow streaks; tail as in the male. 
Dimensions a little smaller than in the male. 

Hob. The Western Papuan subregion—New Guinea from the Ply 
Eiver to the western coast, Salwatty (?), Waigiou, Guebeh, Mysol, 
Am and Hei Islands, Khoor, Poulo-Padjang, Goram, Ceram, Amboyna, 
Amblau, Buru (?), Halmahera, Batchian, Ternate. 

a, b. S $ a(*. s*New 
Guinea. Purchased. 
c. ^ ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Probably Aru Islands. Gould Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Arii Islands (A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
f~h. $ ad.; i, k. Batchian. Wallace Coll. 
$ ad.sk. 
1 $ ad. sk. Halmahera. Wallace Coll. 
m, n. (S ad.; o, Ceram. Wallace Coll. 
p. J ad. sk. 
q. 2 ad. bk. Wahai (Hoedt). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
r. $ ad. sk. Amboina (Hoedi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3. Hypocharmosyna subplacens. 
Trichoglossus subplacens, 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 519, 1871, p. 108, 
1878, p. 671; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soo. N.S. W. iii. p. 255 (1878), 

iv. p. 96 (1870); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 12; Finsch, Ibis, 1881, 
p. 538; Pchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 150 (Consp. Psitt. p. 86) ; 
id. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. xxix. (1883); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. 
Soo., Zoology, xvi. p. 427 (1882); Finsch, Vo'g. der SMsee, p. 18 
(1884); Finsch u. Meyer, Zeitschr.f. ges. Orn. 1880, p. 9. ^ 
Pbitteuteles subplacens, Sclat. in litt.; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

ix. p. 16 (1876); Gould, B. of New Gum. pt. v. pi. 10 (1877); 
Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 74 (1889). 
Coriphilus subplacens, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, sp. 80 
(1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 310 (1880), iii. p. 519 (1882) 
(New Britain); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 347 (Fead LJand, east of 
New Ireland): Salvad. Mem. R Ac. 8c. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 174 
(1889). 

Adult male. Green; pileum yellow-green, with the base of the 
feathers partly red; underparts yellowish green ; cheeks, throat, 
sides of the breast, and under wing-coverts bright red; ear-coverts 
bine ; a yellow band on the underside of the wing ; tail green, the 
two middle tail-feathers with the tip red, the lateral tail-feathers 
red at the base, with a black band in the middle and yellow tips : 
"bill and feet coral-red; iris orange" (Layard). Total length 
7 inches, wing 3*70, tail 3*10, bill 0*55, tarsus 0*40. 

Adult female. Upper parts, including the pileum, green ; cheeks, 
underparts, and nnder wing-coverts lighter green ; ear-coverts with 
yellow streaks ; tail as in the male. 

76 
LOEIIDJE. 

Hob. The Eastern Papuan subregion—S.E. le w Guinea, New 
Britain, Duke of York Islands, and Fead Island. 

a, b. $ ? ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New A. Goldie [C.]. 
Guinea. 
c. S ad. sk. Duke of York Isl. Eev. G. Brown [C.]. 
d, e. tf $ ad. sk. Duke of York Isl. (Rev. Tweeddale Coll. 
G. Brown), 
f. $ ad. sk. Duke of York Isl., 17 E. L. Layard, Esq. 
July, 1879. [0.]. 
y. 9ad.sk. Blanche Bay, Xew Britain, E. L. Layard, Esq. 
12 June,*18r0. T\~. 
h. J ad. sk. Blanche Bay, New Britain, (I. E. .Richard-, Esq. 
June. C.\. 
i-r. rf 2 ad. et Fead Isl., Nov. Iter. G. Brown [C.j. 
juv. sk. 
s. Ad. sk. Purchased. 

4. Hypocharmosyna rubronotata. 
Goriphilus rnbronotatus, Wall. P. Z. S. 1802, p. 105 ; id. Ann. § May. 

N. II. (3) xi. p. 57 (1803); Finsch, Xeu-Guin. p. 158 (1805); 
Salrad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, n. 87 (1877); id. Orn. Pap e 
Mol. i. p. 311 (1880); id. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 174 
(1889). 
Charmosyna rubronotata, Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 293, 294. 
Triehoglossus rubronotatus, Finsch, Papay. ii. p. 870 (1868); 
Meyer, Verh. z.-b. GeseMsch. Wien, xxiv. p. 38 (1874); id. Sitzb. 

k. Ah. Wissensch. Wien, lxix. p. 400 (1874); Sclat. Ibis, 1874, 
p. 418 ; Meyer, Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 1875, p. 78 ; Rchnw. Journ. f. 
Om. 1881, p. 151 {Camp. Psitt. p. 87) * id. Voyelbild. t. xxix. f. 1 
(1878-83). 
Psitteuteles 
rubronotatus, G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 157, sp. 8237 
(1870). 
Nanodes rubronotatus, part., Scldeg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 51 
(1874). 

Adult male (type). Green, underneath yellowish green; forehead, 
sides of the breast, and under wing-coverts bright red; a patch of 
dull red on the upper tail-coverts ; ear-coverts blue* underside of 
the wing with a yellow band ; tail green, lateral tail-feathers red at 
the base of the inner web, with a black band about the middle, and 
yellow at the tip; bill red• feet dull red ; iris yellow-red. Total 
length 6-6 inches, wing 3*3, tail 2*7, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Like the male, but has no red on the forehead; 
the sides of the breast and the under wing-coverts yellowish green ; 
ear-coverts green, the upper ones with yellow streaks. 

Young male. Like the female, but with the forehead, the sides of 
the breast, and under wing-coverts more or less mingled with red ; 
ear-coverts with streaks partly bluish green and partly }Tellow. 
Hah. Salwatty and Western Few Guinea from Sorong to Rubi. 

a. 
S ad. sk. Salwatty. Wallace Coll. (Type of species.) 
11 . HYPOCHAKMOSYNA. 
77 

5. Hypocharmosyna kordoana. 
Trichoglossus (Gharmosyna) kordoanus, Meyer, Verh. z.~b. GeselkcJi. 

Wien, xxiv. p. 38 (1874) (type examined); id. Sitzb. 7c. Ah. Wissensch. 
Wien, Ixix. p. 74 (1874); Sclat. Ibis, 1874, p. 419: Meyer, 
Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 1875, p. 78. 

Nanodes rubronotatus, part., Schley. Mus; P.-B. Psittaci, Heme. 

p. 51 (1874). 
Charmosvna ? kordoana, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 912 
(1878)". 
Coriphilus kordoanus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, sr\. 88 
(1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 313 (1880); id. Mem. JK. Ac. 8c. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 174 (1889). 

Psdtteuteles 
rubronotatus, Gould, B. of New Guin. pt. v. pi. x. * 
(1877). 
Trichoglossus kordoanus, Hclmw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 151 (Consul. 
Psitt. p. 87) ; id. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. xxix. (1883). 

Adult male. Very much like the male of H. ruhronotata, but the 
red on the forehead and on the upper tail-coverts more extended 
and brighter; the red on the sides of the breast conlined to the 
upper part of them. Total length 6*48 inches, wing 3-18, tail 2*75, 
bill 0-51, tarsus 0'43, 

Adult female. Yery much like the female of II. ruhronotata, but 
the ear-coverts with bright green narrow streaks ; the red spot on 
the upper tail-coverts broader. Total length 6*1 inches. 

Young male. Forehead pale red; ear-coverts green ; sides of the 
breast scarcely tinged with red. 
Hab. Mysori Islands in Geelvink Bay. 

a. $ ad. sk. Kordo, Mysori ? Purchased. 
6. Hypocharmosyna rubrigularis. 
Trichoglossus rubrigularis, Sclat. P. Z. S.1881, p. 451 (New Britain); 
Rchnw. Jour. f Orn. 1881, p. 395 (Consp. Psitt. p. 228); Sclat. 
Ibis, 1882, p. 347; Rchnw. u. Schal. Jour. f. Orn. 1882, p. 118 ; 
Rchnw. ibid. p. 239; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 31 (1883). 

Trichoglossus rufigularis, Kleinschmidt in litt 
Coriphilus (?) rubrigularis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 419, 


n. 12 (1882) ; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 520 (1882); id. Mem. P. 
Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p.* 174 (1889). 
Green, underneath paler and more yellowish; sides of the head 
bright green* upper part of the throat red; wings underneath 
brown, with a yellow cross band towards the base; tail green, with 
the tip of the feathers yellow, the four lateral tail-feathers red at 
the base of the inner web: "iris yellowish red; bill yellowish red 
with darker point; feet red" (Kleinschmidt). "Total length 


6*7 inches, wing 3*4, tail 3-2" 
(Sclater). 
Hab. New Britain {Kleinschmidt). 


* Thefigure of the female certainly belongs to H. kordoana, and most likely 
also that of the male. 
78 
LORIIDJS. 

7. Hypocharmosyiia aureocincta. 
Trichoglossus aureocinctus, Layard, Ann. $• Mag. N. H. (4) xn. 
p. 344 (November 1875); id. Ibis, 1876, pp. 138, 141, 891; id. 
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 505; Bowl Orn. Misc. i. p. 261, pi. 36 (1876); 
Finsch, Journ. Mm. Godeffr. Heft xii. p. 3, t. i. f. 1 (1876); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 656 (1877) ; Bchmv. Togelbild. t. xxi. f. 6 (187883); 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881. p.# 149 (Consp. Psitt. p. 85). 
Trichoglossus (Glossopsitta) amabilis, Bamsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 

i. p. 30 (26 July; 1875) (1877). 
Ooriphilus aureocinctus, Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889). 
Adult. Green; lores, front part of the cheeks, throat, and thighs 
red; a narrow yellow band borders the red throat; tail-feathers 
yellow towards the tip, the three outer ones red at the base of the 
inner web and with a black band in the middle : il bill and feet 
red; iris dark buff" (Layard). Total length 7 inches, wing 3*9, 
tail 3, bill 0-55, tarsus 0-35. 

Hab. Fiji Islands. 

a, b. <f 2 ad. sk. Taviuni, 22 July 1875 (Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 

c. S ad. sk. Taviuni, 1 Aug. 1875 (Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
d, e. $ ? ad.sk. Tayiuni, 2 Aug. 1875 [Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
8. Hypocharmosyna palmarum. 
Palm Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 253, n. 57 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 
p. 193 (1822). 
Psittacus palmarum, 
Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 329, n. 89 (1788); Lath. 
Lid. Orn. i. p. 105, n. 68 (1790); Slum, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 46S 
(1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueh, p. 80 (1811); Vieill N. D. xxv. 

p. 371 (1817); KM, Comp. Psitt p. 51 (1820) ; Vieill. Enc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1408 (1823); Forster, Leon. Lied. t. 48; id. Descr. An. 
p. 259 (1844); Licht. ibid, (note) (1844); Bp. Compt. Rend. xii. 
p. 1111 (1855). 
Nanodes? palmarum, Stepk. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 120 (1826). 
Trichoglossus palmarum, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 546 (1832); G. R. 
Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 11 (1846); id. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. 

p. 64 (1859); id. List B. Prop. Lsl. p. 33 (1859); Finsch, Papag. 
ii. p. 868 (1868); G. P. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 156, n. 8229 (1870) ; 
Brenchley, Cruise of the Curaqoa, p. 384, pi. 16 (1873) ; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 658 (1877); Lavard.Lbis, 1874, pp. 274, 280,1879, p. 485 
(coral beaks and legs), 1880, pp. 292,339 (=pygm<eus), 1881, p. 172; 
Bchmv. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 149 (Consp. Psitt. p. 85); id. 
Vogelbild. Nachtr. n. 30 (1883). 
Loriculus ? palmarum, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 243. 
Cyclopsitta ? palmarum, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt, after 

n. 231. 
Ooriphilus palmarum, Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 74 (1889). 
Adult Green, interscapular region tinged with olive; underneath 
green-yellow, especially along the middle of the breast and abdomen 
; anterior part of the cheeks near the base of the bill and chin 
pale red; tail green, with the tip yellow: " bill red; feet dull 

12 . CHAKMOSTJSTOPS1S. 
79 

orange; iris bright orange " (Richards). Total length 7*50 inches, 

wing 3-7, tail 3*3, bill 0-5, tarsus 0*5. 
Female. Very little red round the base of the bill. 
Hah, le w Hebrides. 

a. Ad. sk. Aneiteimi. 
Cuming Coll. * 
b. $ 
iinm. sk. Tanna, Dec. (EM.8. Gould Coll. 
'Herald'), 
c. (I (S 2 ad. sk. Havanna Isl., April. Capi G-. E. Richards 
[o.]. 

9. Hypocharmosyna pygmsea. 
Pygmy Parrakeet, Lath. 8yn. i. 1, p. 256. n. 60 (Otaheite) (1781); 
\d. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 194 (1822). 

Pbittacus pvermajus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 330, n. 92 (1788); Lath Ind. 
Orn. i. p."l06, n.72 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 473 (1811); 
Bechst. Lath. Ueb. p. 82 (1811); Vieill. N. B. xxv. p. 377 (1817); 
Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 100 (1820); Vieill. JEnc. MM. iii. p. 1408 
(1823); Wayl. Mon. Psitt. p. 744 (1832). 

Trichoglossus ? pvgniseus, Pelz. Sitzb. Ah. JViss. Wien, xx. p. 165 
(183(3) (Mus. Vienna); <?. JR. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 65 
(1859); id. Cat. B. Prop. Isl p. 33 (1859); Finsch, Papag. ii. 

p. 870 (18t*8); #. J2. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 156, n. 8230 (1870); 
Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 31, pi. I.; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 059 (1877); 
Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 339 (= palmarum, J) ; Rchnw. Journ. f. 
Om. 1881, p. 150 (Consp. Psitt. p. 86) (syn. emend.); id. Vogelbild. 
Xachtr. n. 32 (1883); Pelz. u. Lorenz, Ann. naturh. Hofinus. iii. 
p. 39 (1888). 
Very much like H. palmarum, (Gfm.), but with no red at the base 

of the bin. 
Hah. Unknown. 
According to Mr. E. Layard, Latham's type, preserved in the 

Museum of Vienna, is most likely a female of H jpalmamm, and I 

am much inclined to agree with him. 

12. CHAEHOSYEOPSXS. 
Charmosynopsis, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 37 
(1877) 0. pulchella. 

Range. New Guinea and Solomon Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

I. No yellow collar round the base of the neck..., pulchella, p. 79. 
II. A yellow collar round the base of the neck .... margaritm, p. 81. 
1. Charmosynopsis pulchella. 
Oharmosyna pulchella, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus, p. 102 (1859) j 
id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 158; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; G, R. 

80 
LORIiDJD. 

Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436; Wall. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 292; Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 697; Salvad. e If Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii 
p. 813 (1875); Gould, B. of New Guin. pt. iii. pi. 4 (1876); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. P. p. 79 (1889). 
Charinosyna peetoralis, Posenb. Jonrn. f. Orn. 1862, p. 64; id. Nat. 
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 144, 233 (1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1864, p. 112, n. 4; id. Malay. Archip. p. 591 (1878-79) 

Eos pulchella, Schley. Bierent. p. 69 (1864). 
Lorius pulchellus, ScJtleg. Mus. P.-B. P&ittaci, p. 130 (note) (18C4). 
Coriphilus pulchellus, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (1865). 
Trichoglossus pulchellus, Fimch, Papag. ii. p. 877(1868); Meyer* 


Sitzb. h. Ak. Wissensch. Wien, lxix. pp. 74, 77, 401 (1874); 
Sclat Ibis, 1874, p. 417; ^ Meyer, Sitzb. Isis Dresd, 1875, p. Tb ; 
Powley. Orn. Misc. pt. iii. p. 147, pi. xvii. (1876); Finsih. Orn. 
Misc. pt. iii. p. 149 (187(5) ; Behnw. Journ. f. Orn. L^Sl, p. 152 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 88); id. Vogelbild. t. xxix. f. 3 (1878-8']): Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S, W. x. p. 244 (Alount Astrolabe) (1885). 

Psitteuteles 
pulchellus, G. R. G?\ Hand-list, ii. p. 157, sp. 8236 
(1870). 
Nanodes pulchellus, Schleg. {nee Vig. fy Horsf.)7 Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Revue, ^. 52 (1874). 
Charmosynopsis pulchella, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x, p. 37, 

n. 90, p. 123 (1877); id. Om.Pap.eMol i.p.317 (1880); Sharpe, 
Journ. Linn. Soc., Zoology, xvi. p. 427 (1882) ; Sahad. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol. iii. p. 520 (1882);' Gidllem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 624; Finsch u. 
Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 9: Salvad. Mem. It. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 174 (1889). 
Adidt male. Head, neck, and underpart of the body carmine; 
back, wings, and upper tail-coverts green ; vertex purplish black; 
uropygium blackish on the middle, red on the sides; breast and 
flanks with narrow streaks of bright yellow; thighs dark green, with 
the edges of the feathers dark purple; under wing-coverts red; 
quills underneath black; central tail-feathers mostly carmine, with 
the base green and the tips yellowish; lateral feathers carmine, 
with the outer webs edged with green and the tips bright yellow ; 
bill orange-red; feet orange; iris yellow. Total length 8 inches, 
wing 3*7, tail 3-8, bill 0-55, tarsus 0*4. 


Female. Like the male, but the sides of the uropygium are 

yellow. 
Immature bird. Breast and nape mingled with green. 
Hob. New Guinea. 


a, b. cj ad. & Dorey, New Guinea. "Wallace Coll. 
imm. sk. 


c. 
$ ad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. Wallace Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
d,e. $ $ ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
f,9-6 ? ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. A. Goldie, E&q. [O.]. 

13 . tmAEMOSYKA. 
81 

2. Charmosynopsis margaritae. 
Charraosyna marsrarethae, Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 442, pi. xii. id. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 74 (1889). 
Cliarmosyna margaritfe, Salvad. Ibis, 1880, p. 130 ; Rchnw. Joum.f. 
Orn. 1881, p. 152 (Consp. Psitt. p. 88); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Sac. 

N. S. W. vii. p. 34 (1882); Sharpe, Gould's B. New Gum. pt. xviii. 
pi. 2 (1884). 
Charmosynopois margaritae, Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. L p. 310 (1880); 
id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 419, n. 13 (1882); id. Orn. Pap. 
e MoL iii. p. 520 (1882); id. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Toy. ser, 2, xl. 

p. 175 (1889;. 
Trichoglossus (Cliarmosyne) margarithse, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N. 8. W. vi. p. 72(\(1881) (tf); Nature, xxv. p. 355 (1882). 
Trichoglossus margaritae, Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 396 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 228); id. Vogelbild. t xxix. £ 7 (1878-83). 
Cliarmosyne margarethas, Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 143. 

Adult male. Head, neck, and underpart of the body carmine; 
back, wings, and upper tail-coverts green; vertex purplish black; 
the neck is divided from the back and from the breast by two 
collars, one black and another orange-yellow, this is broader on the 
breast; sides of the lower back crimson; across the breast a baud 
of purplish black; longer under tail-coverts green; quills black 
underneath, with a slight tinge of olive-yellow towards the base of 
the inner webs; greater under wing-coverts blackish; axillaries and 
smaller under wing-coverts carmine; tail carmine, tipped with yellow, 
the lateral feathers externally edged with green: bill red; 
feet orange. Total length 7*50 inches, wing 4*25, tail 3*25, oilmen 
0*70, tarsus 0*40. (Tristram Coll.) 

Female. Differs from the male in having the sides of the lower 
back orange-yellow, the middle of the rump and the upper tail-
coverts olive. (Tristram Coll.) 

Hab. Ugi and San Cristoval, Solomon Islands* 

13. CHABMOSYNA. 
Charmosyna, Wagl. Mm. Psitt. p. 493 (1832).. 
Pyrrhodes, Sic. Class. B. ii. p. 304 (1837).... 
Charmosina (!), Bp. Comp. Av. i, p. 3 (1850). 
Type. 
C. papuensis. 
C. papuensw. 
Range. New Guinea. 
Key to the Species. 
I. Middle tail-feathers green at the base. 
a. A patch of yellow on the sides of the breast..
b. No yellow patch on the sides of the breast 
papuensis, p. 82. 
stella, p. 83. 
II. Middle tail-feathers red, with no green at the 
base josephmm, p. 84. 

(3 

VOL. XX. 

LOTfcUDJE. 

1. Charmosyna papuensis. 
Avis paradisiaca orientalis, Seba, Thes. i. t. 60, ff. 1, 2 (1734). 
Pica paiadisi spec, Klein, Mist. Av. Frodr. p. 64 (1750). 
Le petit Lory Papou, Sonner. Voy. a la Nouv. Guin. p. 175, pi. Ill 


(1776). 
Papouan Lorv, Lath. Syn. i. p. 215, with ^arr. A, B, C (1781); id. 
Gen. Mist li p. 128 (1822). 
Psittacub papou (!), Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Instthr. p. 86, n. 18 
(1786) (erSonneraf). 

Psittacus papuen&ib, G?n. 8. X. i. p. 317, n. 57, ^ ltli varr. j3. y, 8 (17^8); 
Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 88, n. 20, with \arr. /3, y, 5 (17i»0j ; Beclrt. 
Kurze Uebers. p. 69 (1811); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. p. 440, pi. 6.1 
(1811); Twill. N. D. xxv. p. 336 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Fsitt. p. 43 
(1820); Vieill. JSnc. Mitk. p. 1379, pi. 222. f. 1 (1823); Le,s. Voy. 
Coq., Zool. i. p. 630 (1828) ; Voigt, Cuv. Vebeis. p. 83 (1831); Le&*. 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. 2nd ed. p. 606 (1838) ; 8. Mull. Verh. Land-
en Volhenh p. 107 (1839-44). 

Psittacus omnicolor, Licht. Cat. rer. nat. rariss. Ilamh. p. 5, n. 48 

(1793); Meyer, Zool An. I. p. 140. 
La Perruche Lori papou, Levaill. Pen*, pi. 77 (1801). 
Phittacus lichtensteinii, Bechst.Kurze Uebers p. 83 (1811-12) ; Kuhl, 

Consp. Psitt. p. 36 (1820). 
Palaeornis papuensis, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 56 (1825) ; Steph. Gen. 
Zool xiv. 1, p. 129 (1826). 

Lorius papuensis, Less. Tr. d?Orn. p. 195 (1831); Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 130 (1864); id. Ned. Tijdsehr. Dierk. iv.'p. 37 (1*71). 
Charmosyna papuensis, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 555 (1832); Selb. Nat. 

Libr. Y1. Parrots, p. 149, pi. 19 (1836); Wall. Ann. $ Mag. X. 
H. (3) iii. p. 148 (1859); G. R. Gr. Cat. B. New Gain. p. 39 
(1859); id. Cat. B. Trop. Lst. p. 31 (1859) ; id. List Psitt. Brit 
Mus. p. 48 (1859) ; Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 64 ; id. Nat. 
Tijdsehr. Ned. 2nd. xxv. pp. 143, 223 (1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1864, p. 112, n. 3 ; Wall. P. Z.8. 1864, pp. 292, 295; Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865); G. R. Gr. Hand-libt} ii. p. 157, sp. 8238 
(1870); Sundev. Metk. not. Av. disp. Tent. p. 72 (1872); Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 697; Rosenb. Reist. naar Geehinkb. pp. 98, 102 
(1875); Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. riii. p. 760 (1875); Gould, 
B. of Neio Guin. pt. ii. pi. 1 (1876); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
x. p. 37, n. 91, p. 123 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 320 (1880); 
Guiltem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 684; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889); 
Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. ser.2, xl. p. 175 (1889). 
Pyrrhodes papuensis, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 304 (1837). 
Pfcittacus (Beloeercus) papuensis, 8. Mull Yei'h. Land-en Yolkenk. 


p. 471 (1839-44). 
Charmosyna papua, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 416 (1845); id. P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 194; id. Cat B. New Guin. p. 59 (1859) ; id. P. Z. S. 
1861, p. 436. 

Charmosina (!) papuensis, Bp. Co?isp. Av. i. p. 3 (1850); id. Rev. et 
May. de Zool 1854, p. 156, sp. 293 ; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt sp. 307. 

Charmosyna papuana, 8cl Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 165, n. 106 
(1858); id. P Z. 8. I860, p. 227; Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 159; 
id. Ann. <$• Mag. N. M. (3) x. p. 470 (1862). 

Eos papuensis, Sehleg. Dierent. p. 69 (1864). 
Tricnoglosaus papuensis, Firnch, Papag. ii. p. 878 (1868); Meyer, 

13 . CHARMOSYNA. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 55; id. Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 1875, p. 78 J 

Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 152 (Consp. Psitt. p. 88); id. 

VogelUld. t. xxix. f. 5 (1878-83). 
Nanodes papuensis, Schley. Mm. P.-B. Psittaei, Revue, p. 53 (1874). 
Lonus papuanus, Rosenb. Heist naar Geelvinkb. pp. 113, 114 (1875). 

Adult male. Carmine; back and wings dark green ; vertex with 
a blue cross band and another black one behind; a black band also 
on the nape; ramp red on the sides, blue along the middle; the 
longer upper tail-coverts green ; sides of the breast and flanks yellow 
; middle of the abdomen and thighs black ; under wing-coverts 
red; quills black underneath; middle tail-feathers dark green, 
yellowish red towards the tip; lateral tail-feathers yellow at the 
tip, red at the base of the inner web, and green on the outer edge : 
bill orange-red ; feet orange; iris yellow. Total length from 16*9 
to 14*93 inches, wing 5-3, tail from 10-6 to 8-23, bill 0*65, tarsus 
0-51. 

Female. The red feathers on the sides of the rump have the base 
yellow; a yellow-orange patch over the yellow spot above the 
thighs. 

Young. The red feathers of the neck, and breast have narrow 
black edges ; the spot on the occiput, the abdomen, and the thighs 
dark green. 

Hah. N.W. New Guinea. 

a. Sk. (native). New Guinea. Laugier Coll. 
b. Sk. (native). New Guinea. Turner Coll. 
c. Sk. (native). New Guinea. Purchased. 
d. $ ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
2. Charmosyna Stellas. 
Charmosyna josephinse, Sharpe (nee Finsch), Journ. Linn* Soc, Zool. 
xvi. p. 428*(18o2) (Morocco district); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. 
p. 520 (partim) (1882) ; ? Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ser. 2, 
ii. p. 250 (1887) (Astrolabe Mountains, Goldie). 
Trichoglossus papuana (sic) et Trichoglossus Josephines, Ramsay 
(nee Finsch), Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. x. p. 244 (1885). 
Charmosyna stellae, Meyer, Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 188(3, p. 9, Taf. ii.; 
Sharpe, Nature, xxxiv. p. 340 (1886); id. Gould's B. New Guin. 
pt. xxiv. pi. 4 (1888); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. ser. 2, xl. 

p. 175 (1889). 
Adult male. Carmine, back and wings dark green ; a patch of long 
lilac-blue feathers on the occiput, nape black; a patch of blue and 
dull purple on the rump; lower breast, sides of the abdomen, and 
thighs purple-black ; on the flanks a few white streaks surrounded 
with blue; middle of the abdomen, under tail-coverts, and under 
wing-coverts crimson; tail-feathers dark green, the two middle 
ones passing into red-orange and thence into yellow at the tips, 
the lateral tail-feathers yellow towards the tips and with the base 
of the inner web crimson : bill red: feet orange. Total length 

«2 

84 
LORIIBJE. 

15-5 inches, wing 5*6, tail (longest feathers) 10*4, bill 0*8, tarsus 
0-55. 
Female. Lower back and sides of the rump bright yellow, surrounded 
below with green. 

Young male. The crimson feathers of the neck and breast 
margined with purplish; abdomen and thighs more or less green 
and blue; back yellow, more or less red. 

Hab. S.E. New Guinea. 

a, b. S ad., S Blount Owen Stanley. C. Hunstein rCV. 
imm. sk. 
c, d. cj" J imm. Astrolabe Mountain*. Hon. H. Iiomilly "P. . 

* L
sk.
e,f. $ 2 ad. na- Astrolabe Mountains. A. Goldie. Esq. ~(1.]. 
tive sk. 

3. Charmosyna josephinse. 
Trichoglossus josephinse, Finsch, Atti Soc. ItaL Sc. Nat. xv. p. 427, 
tav. 7 (2) (1873); Meyer, Journ. f Orn. 1874, p. 55 ; id. Sitzb. 
fa Ak. Wmensch. Wien, lxix. pp. 74, 76, 401 (1874); id. Sitzb. 
Isis JDresd. 1875, p. 78: Rosenb. Malay SArch. p. 591 (1878-79); 
Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 153 (Comjh Pbitt. p. 80}; id. Yogelbild. 
t. xxix. f. 6 (1878-83). 

Charmosyna josephinse, Gould, B. of Xeto Gitin. pt iii. pi. 3 (1870) ; 
Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. x. p.' 37, n. 92 (1877) ; Meyer, Vor/elskelett. 
p. 1, Taf. ii. (1879); Sahad.Om. Pap. eMol. I p. 325 (1880); 
Gidllem. P. Z. S. 1885, p, 624; Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Se. Tor. 
ser. % xl. p. 176 (1889)* Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 74 (1889). 

Adidt male. Carmine; back and wings green * on the occiput a 
large spot dark purple-blue, becoming black lower down ; a spot on 
the middle of the upper tail-coverts dull blue ; middle of the abdomen 
and thighs purple-black; above the thighs some yellow streaks; 
tail-feathers red, with the tip yellow, the lateral ones more or less 
dull green in the middle: bill red; feet and iris orange. Total 
length 10-22 inches, wing 4*9, tail 4*7, bill 0*72, tarsus 0*55. 

Female. Rump and flanks next to the rump yellow. 
Hab. N."W. New Guinea. 


a, b. $ 2 a^-s^- Passim, N.W. Xew Guinea Tweeddale Coll. 
(Dr. A. B. Meyer). 

c. Ad. sk. New Guinea. 
L. Laglaize [C A 
14. 
0EE0PSITTACFS. 
Type. 
Oreopsittacus, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. x. p. 37 (1877). O. arfaki. 

Range, Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. 

1. Oreopsittactts arfa&I. 
Trichoglossus 
(Charmosyna) arfaki, Meyer, Verh. z.-b. Gesellsch. 
Wten, xxiv. p. 37 (1874) (type examined). 
Trichoglossus arfaki, Meyer, Sitzb. fa Ah. Wissemch. Wien, lxix. 

14. OBEOPSITTACtrS. 
p, 74 (1874); Sdat,. Ibis, 1874, p. 419 ; Howl. Orn. Miscell. pt. iii. 

p. 145, pi. xvi. (tfjuv.) (1876) j Finsch, Orn. Miscell pt. iii. p. 147 
(1876); Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 154 (Consp. Psitt. p. 90); 
id. Vogelbild. t. xxix. f.'2 (1878-83). 
Oharniosyna arfaki, Becc, Ami. Mm. Civ. Gen, vii. p. 715 (1875). 
Psitteuteles arfaki, Gould, B. of New Guin. pt. iii. pi. 5 (1876), 
Oreopsittacus arfaki, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. x. p. 37, sp. 89 

(1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 315 (1880); Gmllem. F. Z. 8. 
1885, p. 624 j Salvad. Mem. M. Ac. Sc, Tor, ser. 2, xl. p. 174 
(1889). 

Adult male. Dark green ; pileum, sides, and under wing-coverts 
red ; cheeks and ear-coverts dark blue, with a line of white-bluish 
dots; middle of the abdomen tinged with red: under tail-coverts 
yellowish green; primaries edged with blue; underside of the 
wing with a yellow band; tail-feathers black, with the base above 
green and with the tips red; bill black; feet plumbeous ; iris dark 
brown. Total length 6 inches, wing 3*05, tail 3*60, bill 0-45, 
tarsus 0*35. 

Female. Like the male, only the pileum is not red, but entirely 

green like the back. 
Young male. The pileum is more or less mingled with red. 
Hah. Ari'ak Mountains, New Guinea. 

a. S ad. sk. Arfak Mountains (Laglaize). Purchased. 
b. J ad. ak. Arfak Mountains (Briiifti). Purchased. 
V 

CICL0PSITTAC1MJ. 

Family III. CYCLOPSITTACID.E. 

Bill moderately or much swollen on the sides; upper mandible 
notch ed, "without transverse ridges on the under surface of the 
hook; lower mandible with the goms upright and flattened in 
front; cere naked round the exposed nostril©, or feathered and 
nostrils hidden (tongue not known) ; tail moderate and graduated, 
or shoit and cuneate, or rounded. 

Banye. Austro-Malayan subregion. 

Key to the Genera, 

I. 
Bill yellow-orange, moderately swollen 
on the sides j under mandible moderately 
broad, with the gonya flattened 
in frontj smooth, and with no distinct 
ridges; nostrils exposed .. 1. NEOPSII TACTS, p. 6ti. 
II. 
Bill black or daik horn-colour, much 
swollen on the sides; gonys broadly 
flattened in front, and \\ ith seyeral distinct 
ridges and groo\ es; nostrils exposed, 
or hidden when the cere is 
feathered 2. Ci'CLOPbiTTACUb, p, 88. 
1. NEOPSIITACXJS. 
™JPe-
Neopsittacus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. 


p. 761 (1875) 
N. muschenhroeki. 
Banye. New Guinea and Timor, 

Key to the Species. 

I. 
Inner web of the quills towards the base 
red ??iiiifche/ibroekii p. 60. 
II. 
Inner web of the quills with no red at the 
base. 
a. Hind part of the pileum purple-blue... . iris, p. S7. 
b. Pileum entirely red 
rubripileum, p. b6» 
1. Keopsittacus muschenbroeM. 
Nanodes muscenbroekii, Rosenb. in litt.; Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. 

xv. p. 34 (1871) (type examined} j id. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 
p. 52 (1874); Rosenb. Reist naar GeeltinM. pp. 102, 113, 137 
(1875); id. Malay. Arckip p. 601 (1871-79). 
Trichoglossus 
muschenbroekii, 6'clat P. Z. S. 1873, p. 097: Meyer. 
Sitzb. Isis Drehd. 1875, p. 78; FimcA, P. Z. S. 1675, p. 041; id. 
Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 61, pi 44 (1870); Gould, B. New Gum. 
pt. v. pi. 8 (1877); Bchnw.Joum.f, Orn. 1881,p. l54:(Consp,Psitt 

1» JTEOfcSITTACTTS. 

p. 90); id. Vogelbild. t. xxix. f. 8 (1878-83) ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 
8oc. X. 8. W. x. p. 244 (Mount Astrolabe) (1885), 
Neopsittacus musebenbroeki, 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 761 
(1875), x. p. 36, n. 83, p. 123 (1878); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. 

p. 300 (1880J; #«M7&»L P. & & 188o,' p. 623 ; &ziW. Afow. P. 
.4c, &?. TV. ser. 2, xl p. 173 (1889). 
Adult. Green ; crown, occiput, and nape olive-brown, with yel


lowish streaks; bright yellow-green streaks on the cheeks ; breast, 

middle of the abdomen, under wing-coverts, and inner web of the 

quills towards the base red; sides and under tail-eoverts yellowish 

green, the last are tinged with red on the outer web; tail above 

green, underneath yellow, with the base of the inner web of the 

lateral tail-feathers red: bill orange-yellow"; feet dark; iris yel


low. Total length 8*50 inches, wing 4*20, tail 4, culraen 0*58, 

tarsus 0*50. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Breast green mingled with red. 

Hab. New Guinea: the Arfak Mountains and the Astrolabe 

Mountains (Ramsay). 

a,b. <$ ad.sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Cull. 

c. Ad. sk, Arfak Mountains. I'urchasc'd. 
2, Neopsittacus iris. 

Psittacus iris, Temm. PL Col. 567 (livr. 96, 1*35); id. Tabh M&h. 

p. 
01 (18:59) ; Mull. $ Schley. Verh. Land-en VMenL p. 209 
(1839-44). 
Oonurus iris, Boiirj. Pen-, pi. 44 (1837-38). 
Psittacus (Trichogiussus) his, Mild 8c Schley. Verh. Land- en Volkenk. 

p. 472(1839-44). 
Coriphilus iris, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 417. no. 9 (1845); id. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 59 (1859); Schley. Dierent. p. 78 (186*4). 
Psitteuteles iris, Bp. Rev. et May. de Zool. 1854, p. 157, n. 305 ; id. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 320; G. IL Gr. Hand-list^ ii. 

p. 157, n. 8234 (1870). 
Psittacus (Belocerctis!) iris, Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 60 ; id. 
Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Lid. xxv. p. 146 (1803). 
Trichoglossus iris, Sclat P. rA 8. i860, p. %'26; F.nsch, Neu-Guin, 

p. 
158 [ISm) ; id. Papag. ii. p. 852 (lo68) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
iii. p. 657 (1877). 
Nanodes iris, 
Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 116 (1864) ; id. op, citf 
Revue, p. 53 (1874). 

Adult Green ; underneath yellowish green; breast with narrow 
bands on the edges of the feathers ; pileum red, with its binder part 
more or less purple-blue; cheeks green; ear-coverts purple; chin 
reddish; a yellow band on the nape; under wing-coverts yellowish 
green; quills underneath brwon ; tail underneath yellowish 
green : bill yellow ; feet dark. Total length 7*70 inches, wing 4*70, 
tail 3-2(), bill 0*61, tarsus 0-50. 

Hah. Timor. 

«* Ad. sk. Timor. 

h. 
Iinni. st, Timor. Zoological Society [P.]# 
CYCLOPblTTACIDJE, 

3. ITeopsittacus rubripileum. 
Trichoglossus iris, Wall, (nee Temm.) Ibis, 1861, p. 340; id. P. Z. 3, 
1863, p. 484, 1864, pp. 292, 295; Fmsch, Papag. ii. p. 852 (pait.) 
(1868); Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 155 (Consp. Psitt p. 91); 
id. Vogelbild. t. xxx. f. 7 (1883), 

Nanodes 
iris (part.) .Schleg, Mm, P.~B. Psittaci, p. 116 (1864); id. 
op. eit.j Revue, p. 53 (1874). 

Adult. Differs from X iris in haying the pileum entirely red, 

with no purple-blue on its binder part. 
Young. On the occiput the red colour is mixed with green, 
Hab. E. Timor. 

a. 
Ad. sk. E. Timor ( Wallace), Gould Coll. (Type 
of specie**.) 
b-d. S 
? ad. et E. Timor. Wallace Coif, 
juv. sk. 

2. 
CYCLOPSITTA0US, 
Type, 
Cyclopsitta, Rchnb. Syst.Av. Nat. tab. lxxxiii. (1850); 
Jacq. fy Pueh. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. iii. p. 107 
(1853) C. diopktbalnius. 

Opopsitta, Sclat. P. Z. 3. I860, p. 227 C. diophthalmus, 
Cyclopsittacus, 3und. Metk. nut, Av. disp. Tent p. 69 
(1872) (nomen emend.) ,.. . 0. desmaresti. 

Mange. The Papuan Islands and North-eastern Australia. 

Key to the. Species. 

I. 
Feathers of the cheeks and ear-coverts very 
long and narrow. 
a. 
No black crescent-like band on the nape^ 
no blue band on the breast; breast reel in 
the male, with a pale greenish band in 
the female salvadorii, p. 89. 
b. 
Nape with a black crescent-like band; a 
deep bine pect< >ral band; breast and 
middle of the abdomen red in the male, 
green stained with orange in the female, edicardsi, p. 90. 
II, 
Feathers of the cheeks and ear-coverts not 
very long and narrow. 

c. Middle tail-feathers distinctly pointed. 
a'. Larger: wing about 4*3 inches; pectoral 
band blue; sides of the "breast 
pale blue. 


a". 
Subocular spot blue, 

a'". Cheeks yellowish green; a blue 
spot on the occiput: subocular 
"blue spot broader and brighter .. desmaresti, p. 91. 

V". 
Cheeks golden yellow; generally 
no blue spot on the occiput; subocular 
blue spot smaller and 
paler .«, Occidentalts, p. 92. 

f 

2. CrCLOPtilTTACUS. 
b". No subocular blue spot. 

c'". Pectoral band pale blue; below 
this a second band brown-orange; 
bind neck green blythi, p. 93. 

d'". Pectoral band deep blue; a yellow 
collar on tlie hind neck of 
the adult bird, and a blue one in 
the young bird cenicalis, p. 93. 

V. 
Smaller: wing under 4 inches; no pectoral 
band; sides of the breast yellow; 
a red concealed spot on the inner web 
of the inner greater wing-coverts. 
c". Bed on the pileum confined to the 
forehead. 


e'". Larger: wing 3*9 inches; frontal 
feathers red tipped with green, a 
few of the median ones bluish .. coxeni, p. 94. 

f". Smaller: wing3'5inches; abroad 
patch of red on the middle of the 
forehead ; a broad red band across 
the cheeks in the male; female 
without red on the cheeks, which 
are grey tinged with blue maccoyi, p. 95. 

d". 
Sinciput and cheeks red. 

ff'"' Red colour of the sinciput darker 
and bordered behind with yellow; 
middle of the cheeks buff-
grey in the female diopMhalmua, p. 95. 

h'". 
Red colour of the sinciput paler, 
without distinct yellow border 
behind ; female without red whatever 
on the head, having the sinciput 
blue, and the cheeks dull 
grey, slightly tinged with blue .. aruensis, p. 97. 

d. 
Middle tail-feathers not pointed; tail 
rather short; a concealed yellow spot on 
the inner web of the inner greater wing-
coverts; breast orange in the male, 
greenish orange in the female. 
e'. 
Sinciput blue. 
e". Quills underneath with no distinct 
yellow bases. guglielmi III., p. 98. 
f". Quills underneath with very distinct 
pale yellow bases suavissimus} p. 98. 
d'. Sinciput brown-black. 
(/'. Smaller; inner web of the quills 
edged with yellow melanogenys, p. 99. 
h". Larger; inner web of the quills entirely 
black ." nigrifrons, p. 100. 

1. Cyclopsittacus salvadorii. 
Cyclopsittacus salvadorii, Oust. Bull. Assoc. 8c. France, 1880, p. 172 ; 
Meyer, Journ. f. Orn. 1880, p. 312 (note); id. Ibis, 1881, p. 1(55; 
Rchnw. SrSehal. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 79; Salvad. Ibis, 1881, 

p. 287; JRclmw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, pp. 136, 137 (Cotisp. Putt, 
pp. 72, 73); Salvad. Atti JR. Ac. Sc. Tor. xvii. p. 593 (1882); 
CTCLOPSITTACID^!. 

Oust Ann. Sc. Wat., Zoologie, ser. 6, xiii. art. n. 8, p. 11 (1882) ; 
Saivad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 418, n. o (1882); id. Orn. 
Fop. e Mol iii. p. 515 (1882); Rchmo. Vogelbild. Kaehtr. 19 (188:3) ; 
Oust. Kouv. Arch. Mus. ser. 2, viii. p, *30l, pi. 12 (<$ J ) (1884) : 
Meyeri Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. iii. p. 32 (1886); Saivad. Mem. B. Ac. 
Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl p. 101 (1889) ; Meyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 412. 

Adult male. Green; underneath paler and yellowish ; forehead 
bluish green ; nape and cheeks golden yellow ; the feathers of the 
cheeks very narrow and long; a blue spot behind the eyes ; breast 
red: bill blackish• feet greenish black. Total length 8*7 inches, 
wing 4*6, tail ^'6, bill 0*75 {from Oustalet). 

Adidt female. Green, upper parts darker, underparts paler and 
more yellowish; pileum grass-green streaked with blue ; feathers 
of the cheeks yellowish, very long and narrow ; a spot behind the 
eyes blue; hind part of the neck yellowish green; breast with a 
broad pale greenish band; sides of the breast inged with orange-
brown ; wings bluish green, above like the back ; quills yellow on 
the inner webs: the innermost greater wing-coverts near the back 
with a concealed orange spot on the inner webs: under wing-
coverts pale green; tail rather long, above bluish green, below 
olive : bill black; feet, in the dry skin, lead-colour. 

Young. Duller than the adult male; breast bluish, spotted with 
red. (Oustalet.) 
Hah. New Guinea, on the eastern coast of Geelvink Bav, between 
136° 30' and 140° E. long. 

2. Cyclopsittacus edwar&si 
Cyclopsittacus edward&ii, Oust. Ann. Sc. Nat., ZooL 188o, art. no. 3, 
p. 1 ; Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. iii. p. 32 (1880)• Saivad. Mem. 1L 
Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 161 (1889),- Meyer, Ibis, 1*W, p. 412 ; 
Saivad. Mem. JR. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xli. p. 217 (1891). 
Adult male. Green; a pectoral band deep blue ; breast and middle 
of the abdomen red; cheeks golden yellow, tinged with red and 
blue; forehead and abdomen golden yellow; pileum light green ; a 
black cross band on the nape; upper back green : the innermost 
greater wing-coverts with red and yellow concealed spots on the 
inner webs ; primaries black, on the outer web edged with greenish 
blue, towards the tips edged with yellow ; quills underneath brown, 
towards the base sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts greenish blue; 
sides green : feet and bill blackish. Total length 7*1 inches, wing 
4-5, tail 3*95. (Oustalet.) 

Adult female. Green ; forehead, lores, and crown yellowish grass-
green ; occiput greyish, encircled behind by a broad black band; 
cheeks and throat covered with very long and narrow red feathers ; 
ear-coverts very long and narrow like the cheek-feathers ; anterior 
ear-coyerfcs yellow, median ones red, and the posterior turquoise-
blue; a broad pectoral band blue ; breast, abdomen, tmd under 1 ail-
coverts yellowish green, some feathers of the breast stained with 

2 . CrCLOPSITTACTTS. 
91 

red on the edges; wings green ; primaries bluish green on the 
outer webs; quills underneath blackish, but sulphur-yellow towards 
the base; axiilaries and under wing-coverts pale verditer-green; 
tail above green, underneath olive: bill lead-colour; feet dusky; 
"hides brown" (Hanstein). Total length 7 inches, wing 4*3, 
tail 2-2, bill 0-75, tarsus 0'5. 

Hab. North-east of New Guinea, from Kaf u to Einsch and Constantino 
Harbour. 

a. J ad. sk. Finsch Harbour (C. Hunstein), Purchased. 
3. Cyclopsittacus desmaresti. 
Pbittacus desniarestii, Gam. Voy. Coq., Zool.L p. 600, pi. 35 (1828); 

Less. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 149 (1828); & Miill. Verh. Land-en 

Volkenk. pp. 22,107 (1839-44); G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. 18-58, p. 195. 

Psittacula desmarestii, Less, et Gam. Voy, Coq., Zool. i. p, 628 (1828); 

Lets. TV. $Orn. p. 204 (1831); Voiqt, Cue. Uebers. p. 748 (1831); 

Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 629 (1832); Bow-jot, Perr. pi. 85 (1837-38) ; 

Leas. CompL de Buff. Ois. 2nd ed. p. 607 (1838); G. P. Gr. Gen. 

B. ii. p. 423, n. 18 '(1846); id. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 90 (1859) ; 
id. Cat. B. New Gum. pp. 42, 60 (partim) (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1859, 
p. 159, 18ol, p. 437 (partim); Sclileg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 75 
(partim) (1864); Fhisch, Papag. ii. pp. 620, 957 (partim) (1868) ; 
tichleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevae, p. 32 (partim) (1874); Meyer, 
Sitsh. Isis Dresd. 1875, p. 77 : Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 327 (partim) 
(1876). 
Cyclopsitta 
desniarestii, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, 
sp. 219; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 230; Sclat. Journ. 
Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 166, sp. 117 (partim) (1858) : Wall. Ibis, 1859^ 

p. 210 ; id. P. Z. S.1864, p. 284; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 (partim) 
(1865) ,• G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 168, sp. 8373 (1870). 
Opopsitta desmarestii, Sclat P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; Bosenb. Journ, 

f. Orn. 1862, p. 64; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 144, 
226 (1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 115, n. 29; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 697. 
Cyclopsittacus desmarestii, Sund. Meth. not. Av. disp. Tent. p. 69 

" (1872); Balvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 754 (partim), p. 911 
(1875), viii. p. 397 (1876), x. p. 27, n. 24 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol i. p. 150 (1880); Bchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 137 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 73); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 20 (1883); Salmd. Mem. B. 
Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 160 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 
(1889). 

Adult male. Green, darker above, paler, yellowish green below; 
pileum orange, changing into orange-vermilion on the forehead; 
cheeks and ear-coverts green washed with golden ; a spot below the 
eyes and another, nearly concealed, on the occiput bright blue; 
throat green, two cross pectoral bands, one light blue, and the other 
orange-brown ; sides of the breast pale blue ; rump and upper 
tail-coverts olive-green; primary-coverts and outer webs of the 
primaries towards the base bluish green; a narrow yellow edge 
toward3 the tip of the outer webs of the primaries *, quills underneath 
brown with the bases yellow ; under wing-coverts pale green ; 

CYCL0PSITTACID.3!. 

a concealed orange spot on the inner webs of the innermost greater 
wing-coverts ; tail olive-green above, olive below : iride^ pale yellow 
; bill black ; feet lead-colour. Total length 8*7 inches, wing 
4-2, tail 2-4, bill 0*78, tarsus 0*6. 

Adult female. Like the male. 
Young. Like the adult bird, but the pileum dull yellow. 
Hab. New Guinea, near Dorey. 


a, b. d 2 ad. sk. Dorey. 
Wallace Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Dorey (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll 
d,e. $ J ad.sk. New*Guinea (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll 
f,g. tf 2 Amberbaki, X. G. {Laglaize). Purchased. 
ad* s^«

4. Cyclopsittacus occidentalis. 
Opopsitta desmarestii, part., Sclat. Jour a. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 100, 
sp. 117 (1858); G. R. Gr. Cat. B. New Gum. p. 4<J (partimj 
(1859); Rosenb. (nee Gam.) Journ. f, Orn. 1802, p. 03 (ex fcsalwatty); 
id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ina. xxv. pp. 143, 220 (partim) 
(1863); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 697 (ex Sorong). 

Cyclopsitta blythi, part., Wad. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 285 (specim. ex 
Salwatty). 

PsittaciuVdesrnarestii, part., Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 75(180)4); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. pp. 620, 957 (partim) (1868); tichleg. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, Itevue, p. 32 (partiin) (1874). 

Cyclopsittacus desmarestii, part., 8alvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. \ii. 

p. 754 (1875) (specim. ex Salwatty). 
Cyclopsittacus occidentalis, 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 910 
"(1875), x. p. 27, n. 25, p. 119 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mo/. I. 

p. 152 (I860); Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 138 (Consp. P*itt. 
p. 74) ; id. Vogelbild. Naehtr. 20 (1883) ; Guillem. P. Z. S. li*8o, 
p. 619; Sahad. Mem. R.Ac. 8c. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 161 (IbbO;; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 
Cyclopsittacus occipitahs (errore), Guillem. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 61*0. 
Cyclopsitta occidentalis, Gieb. Thes, Orn. iii. p. 800 (1877): Sharpi\ 

Goulds B New Gum. pt. xix. pi. 3 (1885). 

Adult. Very much like C. desmarestii but the cheeks and ear-
coverts golden yellow ; the blue subocular spot paler and more or 
less greenish; no blue spot on the occiput; the pileum of a brighter 
orange-red, and the nape more yellowish. 

Hab. Salwatty, Batanta, and the north-western coast of Xew 
Guinea from Sorong to Dorey-Hum. 
In some specimens the blue pectoral band is scarcely visible. 

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea (A. R. Wallace), Gould Coll. 
bj c. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Wallace Coll. 
d. Ad, sk, Salwatty (July). 
Gould Coll. 
2 . CYCLOPSITTACUS. 
93 

5. Cyclopsittacus blythi. 
Psittacula dewnareatii, part.. G.B. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437; Schley, 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 75 (1804); Finsch, Neu-Gain. p. 158 
(partim) (1805); id. Papag. ii. p. 620 (partim) (1868) ; Schleg. 
Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue, p. 32 (partim) (1874); Gieb. Ties. Orn. 
iii p. 327 (partim) (1877). 

Opopsitta desmaresti, part., Bosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 63 (ex 
Mysol); id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Lid. xxv. pp. 142, 226, sp. 29 
(partim) (1863); id. Journ f. Orn. 1864, p. 115, sp. 29 (partim). 

Cyelopsitta blvthi, Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 284,294; G. B. Gr. 
Band-list, il p. 168, sp. 8375 (1870); Gould, B. of New Gum. 
pt. i. (in the text of C. maceoyi) (1875). 

Cyclopsittacus blytM, Salvad. ty TfAlb. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. 

p. 811 (167 o){ Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 911 (1870), x. 
p. 28, n. 26 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 154 (1880); Bchmv. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 138 (Consp. Pntt. p. 74); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 20 (1883); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 619: Salvad. Mem. 
B. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2,xl. p. 161 (1889). 
Adult. Very much like C. occidenfalis, but without the blue sub-
ocular spot. Total length about 8 inches, wing 4*35, tail 2*2, bill 

0-8, tarsus 0-6, 
Bab. Mysol. 
a. Ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
6. Cyclopsittacus cervicalis. 

Cyclopsittacus cervicalis, Salvad.tyIf Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. 
"p. 811 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 12 (1876), x. p. 28, 

n. 27 (1877); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool xiii. p. 310 (1878); 
D'AIb. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 218 ; J)1Alb. fy Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. 
Gen. xiv. p. 31 (1879); Bamsay, Pr. Linn. Soe. N S. W. iv. pp. 92, 
96 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 155 (1880) ; Bchnw. J. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 138 {Consp. Psitt. p. 74); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 
20 (1883); Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, p. 161 (1884). 
Cyelopsitta cervicalis, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 800 (1877); Gould, B. 
of New Guin. pt. 10, pi. 2 (1879). 

Adult. Green; underneath paler and more yellowish; pilexim and 
hind neck orange-red; on the lower part of the hind neck a broad 
yellow collar; sides of the head yellow, more or less tinged with 
orange-red; pectoral band and sides of the breast pale blue; upper 
part of the breast tinged with orange ; a concealed red spot on the 
innermost greater wing-coverts. 

Young. Above green; pileum orange-red, more yellow towards 
the occiput; cheeks and upper ear-coverts orange-red, lower ear-
coverts blue ; chin yellow tinged with red ; throat golden yellow; 
whole of the hind neck bright blue; back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts green; pectoral band bright blue; sides of the breast pale 
blue; lower parts green, but the breast with a yellowish tinge; 
quills brown, primaries on their outer webs and primary-coverts 
bluish green ; the primaries with a narrow yellow edge towards the 

94 

CYCLOPSITTA.Cn> JE. 

apical half; base of the quills underneath pale yellow; under wing-
coverts pale bluish green; innermost greater wing-coverts with a 
concealed orange spot on their inner webs; tail green above, olive 
below: "bill black; feet greenish; hides }ellow-redJJ (DAlbertis). 
Total length about 8 inches, wing 4*4, tail 2m2, bill 0*78, tarsus 
0-6. 

Ilab. South-eastern New Guinea, from Hall Bay to the Ely 
Eiver. 

a. Juv. sk. New Guinea, mainland east of Iriile Gould Cull. 
Island, Feb. (Dr. James). 
7. Cyclopsittacns coxeni. 
Cyclopsitta coxeni, Gould, P. Z. S. 1807, p. 182; id. B. Austr., 

"SuppL pi. (35 (pt. iv., 18b7) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-Utt, ii. p. 1C8, n. 8-574 
(1870); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. X& W. ii. p. 195, n. oil (1878); 
id. Tab. List, p. 17, n. 525 (1888) ; id. Cat. Ai^tr. B. hi. Pbittaci, 

p. 32(1891). 
Pbittacula coxeni, Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 957 (18b'8); Scliteg. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 34 (1874) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 327 
(1877). 

Cyclopsittacus 
coxeni, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 131 (Comsp. 
Psitt. p. 74); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 21 (1883). 

Adult male. General plumage green ; feathers of the forehead and 
of the lores with reddish bases, tipped with green, those of the 
middle of the forehead tipped with bluish ; upper part ot the cheeks 

•and ear-coverts red, the upper ear-coverts edged above with yellow; 
•a blue patch or band along the lower part of the cheeks; sides of 
the body yellow; quills brown; outer webs of the primaries and 
their coverts bright blue; outermost secondaries green, tinged with 
blue towards the base of the outer webs; innermost secondaries 
green; quills underneath with a dull yellowish band; innermost 
greater wing-coverts with a concealed orange spot on the inner webs; 
tail above green ; underneath dull olive : upper mandible bluish 
black, under mandible whitish; " feet greenish white ,* irides hazel" 
(Gould). Total length 7 inches, wing 3*9, tail 1*9, bill 0*65, tarsus 
0-48. 
Female. The red feathers of the cheeks are more or less tipped 
with green. 
Ilab. Eastern Australia, from Wide Bay district in Queensland to 
New South Wales. 


#. AcL sk. KE. Australia. Gould Coll. (PType 
of species.) 
bt c. Ad. sk. Queensland. Gould Coll, 

d. Ad. sk. N. Australia. Purchased. 
e,f. Ad. sk, Queensland (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, k Ad. sk. N.E. Australia (J. T. Coch- Tweeddale Coll. 
erell). 

2. CICLOPSTTTACTTS. 
95 

8. Cyclopsittacus maccoyi. 
Cyelopsitta macleavana, Ramsay, Sydn. Mornina Herald, Nov. 15, 
1874*; id. P.Z.S. 1875, p. 0U2; id. Tr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 
ilj. 195, n. 512 (1878); id. Tab. List, p. 17, n. 526 (1888); Be 

J M, i?<°j>. &c. -EUy?. iV. Queensl. p. 33 (1889); Rams. Cat. Austr. 

B. iii. Psittaci, p. 33 (18i)lj. 
Cyelopsitta maccoyi, GWrf, P. £. 6'. 1875, p. 314; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 602 (note); Gould, Birds New Guin. pt. i. pi. 10 (1875); 
Gieb. T/ies. Orn. iii. p. 800 (1877). 

Cyelopsitta leadbeateri. 
M'Coy, Ann. c§* Mag. N. IL (4) xvi. p. 54 
(1875). 
Cyclopsittacus maccoyi, Rchniv. Vogelbild. t. xxv. f. 7 (1878-83); id. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 139 (Consp. Pbitt. p. 75). 

Adult male. Green, lighter and more yellowish below; on the 
forehead a band of bright scarlet, bordered with cobalt above and 
below ; lores, feathers round the eyes, and upper part of the cheeks 
cobalt; on the lower cheeks, from the base of the bill to the tips of 
the ear-coverts, a broadband of scarlet, and below this a purple-blue 
band; flank-feathers tipped with bright yellow ; primary-coverts 
and quills externally blue, the innermost secondaries green; the 
innermost greater wing-coverts have a concealed orange-red spot on 
the inner webs ; quills blackish below, with an oblique yellow band 

near the base; under wing-coverts light green, those along the 
carpal edge washed with blue ; tail green above, dusky olive below: 
bill blackish blue; feet greenish. Total length about 6 inches, 
wing #-5, tail 1*7, bill 0*55, tarsus 0-4. 

Female. Differs from the male in wanting the scarlet band on the 
cheeks, which are grey tinged with blue. 
Hah. Rockingham Bay, N.E. Australia. 


rt.Jad.sk. N.Queensland. Gould Coll. (One of the types.) 

9. Cyclopsittacus diophthalmus. 
Psittacula diophthalma, Hombr. et Jacq. Ann. des 8c. Nat. xvi. 
p. 318 (1841) (south coast of New Guinea?) (Jtype examined); 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 19 (1846); id. Cat. B. Neio Guin. 
pp. 42, 60 (partim) (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 (partim); 
Schley. Mzis. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 75 (partim) (1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr. 
Bierh. iii. p. 331 (partim) (1866) ; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 627 
(partim) (1868); Meyer, Sitzb. k. Ah. Wissensch. Wien, Ixix. p. 213 
(1874); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 32 (1874); Meyer, 
Sitzb. Isis Breed. 1875, p. 77; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 327 (1877). 
Cyelopsitta double oeil, Hombr. et Jacq. Toy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi, 25 
"bis. ft. 4, 5(1846). 

Cyelopsitta diophthalma, Jacq.et Pucher. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool iii. p.107 
(1853) ; Hartl. Journ.f: Orn. 1854, p. 165; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1854, p. 154, n. 220; id, Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. sp. 231 
(excl. syn. ?); Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 166, sp. 118 (1858) ; 

Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 284, 294 (partim); Finsch, Neu-Guin. 

* According to the rule followed in the Zoological Catalogues of the British 
Museum, right to priority cannot be claimed for specific names published in 
newspapers. 
CYCL0PSITTACIDJ3. 

p. 158 (partim) (1865) ; Gould, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 182; Gray, Handlist, 
ii. p. 167. sp. 8372 (partim) (1870) ; Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen, vi. p. 75 (1874) ; Gould, B. New Guin. pt. ix. pi. 4 (1879) ; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 
Psittacula diophthalmus, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S.1858, p. 195 (partim). 
Opopsitta diopkthalma, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; Ro&enb. Journ. 

f. Orn. 1862, pp. 63, 64, 68 ; id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. 
pp. 142, 143, 144 (1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 115, >p. 30; 
SclaL P. Z. S. 1873, p. 697. 
Cyelopsittacus diophthalmus, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 28, 

n. 28, p. 120(1877); id. Orn. Pap. eMoL i. p. 158 (1880); Rchmc. 
Voqelhild. t. xxv. f. 8 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 893 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 75); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1SN5, p. 620; Meyer, 
Zeitschr. yes. Orn. 1886, p. S2 (Kafu) : Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 161 (1889); Meyer, His, 1&90, p. 412 (Constantine 
Harbour). 
C\clop>ittacus coccineifrons, Sha?-pe, Journ. Linn. Soc, ZooL xvi. 

'pp. 318, 426 (1882); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 418, 
no. 6 (1882;; id. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 516 (1882); Rchmc. Voqelhild. 
Nachtr. 23 (1883); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1883, p. 416; Sahad. 
Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xl. p. 162 (1889). 

Cyelopsittacus aruensis, Nehrk. {nee Schleq.) Journ. /. Orn. 1885, 

p. 81 (Waigiou); Salvad. Ibis, 1886, p. 151. 
Cyclopsitta 
coccineifrons, Sharpe, GouhTs B. New Guin. pt. xxiiL 
pi. 3 (1887). 

Adult male. Green, paler below; sinciput, cheeks, and ear-coverts 
red; sinciput boidered behind with yellowish ; a blue spot before the 
eyes; a blue band behind the parotic region, bordering the red 

•cheeks; sides of the body yellow ; outer webs of the primaries and 
primary-coverts bright blue; first primary black, like the inner webs 
of the remainder; quills underneath with a pale yellow oblique band, 
also the greater under wing-coverts pale yellow on the inner webs; 
the remainder under wing-coverts pale green ; a concealed red spot 
on the inner web of the innermost greater wing-coverts ; tail above 
green, below dull bluish ; "irides yellow " (Eombron) or *4 black ; 
bill and feet dusky" (D'Albertis). Total length about 6*1 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 1-9, bill 0*6, tarsus 0*42. 
Young female. Like the male, from which it differs in having the 
cheeks dusky buff, with a red line running along their upper edge, 
from the lores to the ear-coverts. 

Hah. Few Guinea, Waigiou, Salwatty, Mysol, and Koffiao. 

In the series examined I do not find that the characters given 
as distinctive of the South-eastern ^ew Guinea specimens hold 
good. 

a. c? ad. sk. Mysol (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll 
b-d. 
d ? ad. et Mysol. Wallace Coll. 
tf juv. sk. 

e. [? ] ad. sk. Waigama,Mysol, Sept. Gould Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Tobae, Mysol, July. Gould Coll. 
y, k <$ ad. sk. Mysol {Rosenbery\. Tweeddale Coll. 
*', k. Ad, sk. Astrolabe Mountains. Goldie Coll. (Types 
of C (•opcmrifronSj Sharpe.) 

2 . CYCLOrSITTACUS. 07 
h Ad. &k.
I Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
S.E. New Guinea. 
Port Moresby. 
[Fly Kiver], New Guinea. 
S.E. New Guinea. 
H. 0. Forbes. Esq. 
Goldie Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Tweedclale Coll. 
o. 2 ad. sk. Salwatty, Purchased. 

10. Cyclopsittacus aruensis. 
Psittacula diophthalnia, Q. R. Gr. (nee H. et J.) P. Z. S. 1858, 

p. 183 j id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 90 (1859); id. Cat. B. New 
Guin. pp. 42,60 (partim) (1859) j id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 (partim) 5 
SeJiley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 75 (paitim) (1864) ; id. Ned. 
Tijdsehr. Bierh. iii. p. 331 (partim) (1866); Rosenb. Reis naar 
de Ziddoostereil p. 48 (1867); Finsch, Papag. ii. pp. 627, 957 
(partim) (1868). 
Opopsitta dioplithalma, Select, (nee II. et J.) P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227 
(from Am Isl.) ; Rosenb. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 65; id. NaU 
Tijdsehr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 145, 226 (partim) (1863). 

Cyclopsitta 
dioplithalma, Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 284 (partim); 
'Finsch, Neu-Gidn. p. 158 (partim) (1865); G. R. Gr. kand-list, 

ii. p. 167, sp. 8372 (partim) (1870). 
Psittacula dioplithalma aruensis, Schleg. Mies. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 
p. 33 play 1874) (type examined). 
Cvclopsitta aruensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vi. p. 73 (Augiibt 
'I874)j Gould, P. New Guin. pt. ix. pi. 5 (1879). 
Ovclop&ittacus aruensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 28, n. 29 
"(1877); 
If Alb. # Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 34 (1879); 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 161 (1880) ; Rchnw. Journ.f. Oni. 
1881, p. 394 (Consp. Psitt. p. 75 a); id. VoqelUU. Naclitr. 22 (1883j; 
Meyer, Zeitschr. /. ges. Orn. i. p. 273 (1884); Guillem. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 620; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 162 (1889); 
Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 

Adult male. Very much, like the male of G. diophtliahnus, from 
which it differs in having the reel colour of the head lighter, less 
extended on the crown, where there is scarcely any yellow behind 
the red; the blue spot before the eyes is smaller and paler, 
while the blue band bordering the lower part of the cheeks is more 
extended and reaches the chin. Total length 6*3 inches, wing 3*4, 
tail 1-7, bill 0-57, tarsus 0*41. 

Female. Yery different from that of G. dioplithalmus, having no 
red whatever on the head; sinciput blue, lighter on the forehead; 
a blue line runs under the eyes to the upper ear-coverts ; cheeks 
pale buff, bordered below and behind by a blue band. 

kab. Aru Islands and the middle of Southern New Guinea along 
the Fly River. 

a-d. 6 S ad. sk. Am Islands. Wallace Coll. 
e,f. <$ ? ad. sk. Aru Islands {A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll. 


VOL. xx. 

OS 
OYCLOPSlTrACIDX. 

11. Cyclopsittacus guglielini III. 
Pteittacula 
guglielini III., Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh. iii. p. 252 
(186*6) (types examined) : Finseli, Papa//, ii. p. 6*2o (1868); Schley. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 34 (1874) • Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii, 

p. 328 (1876) ; Rvsenh. Malay. Archip. p. 592 (1878-79). 
Cyclopsitta guglielini III., G. 2L Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 108, sp. S"J79 
'(1870); Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. yii. p. 715 (1875),* id. Ibis, 
1876, p. 253. 
Cyclopsittacus guulielmi tertii, Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. ix. 

p. 15 (1876), x.'p. 28, n. 30 (1877) ; Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1581, 
p. 394 (Con*p. Psitt. p. 75 a); id. Voydbild. Xaehtr. 24 (1883). 
Cvclopbittacus 
guglielini III., Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. ]r>3 
"(1880)• id. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. -er. 2. xl. p. 102 (1^9). 

Adult male. Green; upper parts darker, underparts paler, yellowish 
green ; sinciput, superciliary stripe, a narrow subocular line, 
and a spot behind the eyes blue; lores, sides of the head, and throat 
pale yellow; a perpendicular black stripe on the cheeks ; breast 
orange; quills brown, primaries blue on the outer webs; under 
wing-coverts green, those near the carpal edge bluish; innermost 
greater wing-coverts with a yellow concealed spot; tail above 
green, underneath dusky greenish : bill and naked skin round the 
eyes black ; feet and irides dusky. Total length 6*3 inches, wing 3*8, 
tail 1*4, bill 0*63, tarsus 0*5. 

Adidt female. Like the male, but the breast yellowish green ; 
cheeks yellow • ear-coverts and sides of the neck orange; a black 
band separates the yellow cheeks from the orange ear-coverts; sides 
of the head and cheeks bordered below by a greenish-blue band 
reaching the throat. 

Hab. Salwatty and North-western New Guinea, near Borong. 

a. Ad. (probably female) &k. New Guinea (*J). Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
New Guinea. Purchased. 
12. Cyclopsittacus siiaYissiinus. 
Cyclopsitta 
suavissima, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 520, pi. 54 (<$ $); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 800 (1877); Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc, Zool. 

xiii. p. 491 (1878); Gould, B. of New Gain. pt. vii. pi. 11 (1878) ; 
Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Sue, Zool. xiv. p. 685 (1879). 
Cyclopsittacus suavis^inius, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 12 
(1876), x. p. 28, &p. 31 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N S. W. I 

p. 393 (1876), iii. p. 252 (1878); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 165 
(1880); Rchmu. Vogelbild. t xxv. f. 0 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. 
Orn. 1881, p. 394 (Conxp. Psitt. p. 7oa); Sharpe, Jour. Linn. 
Soc., Zool. xvi. p. 426 (18b2); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, 
xl, p. 162 (1889); Trisir. Cat Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 
Adult male. Green, upper parts darker; abdomen and under tail-
coverts pale green; sinciput, superciliary and subocular stripes, 
and a spot behind the eyes blue; lores and upper part of the cheeks 
whitish, rest of the cheeks black; a broad band from the ear-coverts 
to the throat, surrounding the black cheeks, yellowish white; breast 

2 . crCLOPSIITACTTsJ. 
DO 
orange; sides yellow ; quills brown; primary-coverts and primaries 

on the outer webs deep blue; the innermost greater wing-coverts 

with a concealed yellow spot on the inner webs; quills underneath 

with a yellowish-white band ; under wing-coverts pale green, those 

near the carpal edge blue; tail green: bill, feet, and iridos black. 

Total length about 5-2 inches, wing 3-2, tail 1*3, bill 0-5, tarsus 

(M2. 

Adult female. Like the male, from which it differs in having the 

cheeks blue, the ear-coverts and the sides of the neck orange, and 

the breast greenish with an orange tinge. 

Young male. Like the female, but the forehead scarcely tinged 

with blue, the lores yellowish white; checks greenish, tinged 

with blue on the upper parts ; ear-coverts, sides of the neck, and 

throat pale yellow: breast yellowish, each feather edged with 

dusky. 

Hah. South-eastern New Guinea. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Port Moresby, Gould Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. K.Broadbent,Esq. [0.]. 


e. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. A. Goldie [0.]. 
/. 
<5 ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea {R. Him- Tweeddale Coll. 
stein). 

g. Ad. sk. S. New Guinea {A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. S. New Guinea. A. Goldie [0.]. 
13. Cyclopsittacus melanogenys. 
"Psittacula melanogenia, Rosenb." Saltier/. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. 

p. 330 (186'J) (type examined); Rosen'b, Nat. Tijdsohr. Ned. Lid. 
xxix. p. 142 (1807); id. Reis naar de Zuidoostereil. p. 49 (1867) j 
Schley. Mas. P.-B. P&ittaci, Revuei p. So (1874); Rosenb. Malay. 
Archip. p. 593 (1878-79). 
Psittacula melanogenys, Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 626 (1868); Gieb. Then. 

Om. iii. p. 328 (1876). 

Cyclopsitta nielanogenia, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii, p. 168, sp. 8378 

(1870) j Sclat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 520; Gould, B. of New Guin. 

pt. vii. pi. 12 (1878). 

Cyclopsittacus melanogenys, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. pp. 14, 
15 (1876), x. p. 29, n. 33 (1877); Salvad. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 92; 
D1Alb. # Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 35 (1879); Salvad. 
Vog. Chall., Birds, p. 74 (1831); Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 395 (Consp. Psitt. p. 75 b) ; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 25 (1883); 
Meyer, Zeitschr. f. c/es. Orn. i. p. 273 (1884); Salvad. Mem. R. 
Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 162 (1889). 
Cyclopsittacus fuscifrons, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 14 (1870), 
*x. p. 28, n. 32 (1877); D'Alb. Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. pp. 8,19 (1877) ; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 360. 

Adult male. Green, abdomen and under tail-coverts paler; sinciput, 
feathers round the eyes, and a spot behind the eyes brown; 
sides of the head whitish, with a large black spot on the cheeks; 
the feathers of the throat show a faint bluish tinge; breast orange; 

K2 

C YCXOPSITTACIB JH. 

sides of the body tinged with yellow-orange; quills brown, primary-
coverts and carpal edge blue, like the outer webs of the primaries ; 
a yellowish band towards the base of quills below; a concealed 
yellow spot on the inner web of the innermost greater wing-coverts; 
under wing-coverts pale green ; tail green, underneath dusky: bill 
black; feet olive : irides brown. Total length 4-75 inches, wing 
3-2, tail 1-3, biU 6-5. tarsus 0*4. 

Adult female. Like the male, but the auricular region orange instead 
of whitish, the spot on the cheeks black tinged with blue ; 
the feathers of the throat greenish with bluish tips; breast dull 
orange, each feather more or less edged with green. 

Young. Liko the female, but the sinciput scarcely brown, the 
sides of the head dull yellowish, the spot on the cheeks greenish 
brown ; the throat greenish ; bill pale brown. 

Hah The Am Islands and the middle of Southern Xew Guinea, 
along the Ely Biver. 

a. $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. Gould Coll. 
b} c, $ ad. etad. sk.
d. Juv. sk. 
Wokan, Aru Islands. 
Aru Islands. 
Toy. II.M.S. l Ckallenger.' 
Gould Coll. 

14. Cyclopsittacus nigrifrous. 
Cyclopsittacus 
nigrifrons, Rehnw. Allrj. deutsche ondtk. Cfesell. zit 
Berlin, Bericht hi. p. 6 (20 Xarz, 1891); id. Jviirn. f. Orn. Ib91, 

p. 217 (Kaiser-Wilhelnisland); ticdvad. Mem. R. Ac. S'c. Tor. 
ser. % xlii. p. 90 (1891). 
Similar to G. melanogenys, but larger; forehead deep black and 
inner web of the quills black, with no yellow edges. Total length 
140 millim., wing 90, tail 40, bill 15, tarsus 12. 

Hah Northern New Guinea, near Augusta Eiver (Hviisteiii). 
I only know this species from the recently published description. 


CACATUID^E. 

Family IV. CACATUIDiE. 

Sternum complete; orbital ring completely ossified, with a process 
bridging the temporal fossa (Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 594); nostrils 
open in a cere not much swollen, generally naked, but sometimes 
feathered; bill very deep, deeper than long, with the upper mandible 
generally much compressed; hook of the upper mandible nearly 
perpendicular, except in Licrnetis, and with a file-like surface underneath 
; tarsus short; head always crested: as a rule, only the left 
carotid present. 

Banging over the Australian Eegion, and also in the Philippines. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

a. Tail-feathers broad, not pointed .. CACATU1NJE, p. 101. 
b. Tail-feathers narrow, and pointed .. CAL OPSITTA CINJE, p. 135 
Subfamily I. CACATUDWE. 

Key to the Genera. 

I. 
Cheeks entirely naked ; upper mandible 
much compressed and much narrower 
than the under mandible; feathers of 
the crest very long and narrow....,, 1. MICROGLOSSUS, p. 102. 
II. Cheeks feathered. 
a. Tail rather long, the outer tail-
feathers shorter than the others; 
feathers of the crest broad; bill 
short, much curved and very high; 
general colour brown or black 2. CALYPTOBHYNCHUS,P. 100. 
b. Tail moderate, nearly even. 
«'. General colour above and below 

grey; head and crest red in the 

niaie; cere feathered 3. CALLOCEPHALON, p. 113. 

b'. General colour white or rosy 

white, except in Cacatua rosei


capilla, which is grey above, rose


colour on the head and below. 

a'\ 
Bill with the hook of the upper 

mandible of the ordinary size 

and nearly perpendicular 4. CACATUA, p. 115. 

b". 
Bill with the hook of the upper 
mandible very long, slender, 
and projecting forward o. LICMETIS, p. 133. 

102 
CACATUID-E. 

To the Gacatuidcp has been assigned by Prof. A. Milne-Edwards 
the following extinct species, but, according to Prof. A. IsTewton 
(in litt.\ it seems that its place in the system is far from being 
satisfactorily established ; geographical distribution is not in favour 
of Lopliopsittacus belonging to the Gacatitidce. 

LOPHOPSITTACUS. 
^ 

Type. 
Lophopsittacus, Neivt. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 350 L. mauritianus. 
Lophopsittacus mauritianus. 
Broad-billed Parrot, Oiuen, Trans. Zool. Soc.xi. p. o3 (186G). 
Ppittacns mauritianus, Oicen. Ifa's, 1860, p. 168; id. Ann. Sc. Nat. 

(o) vi. pp. 88-90, pi. 8. ff. 4,5 (under mandible) (1866); A. Milne-
Edw. ibid. pp. 91, 106 et seq. (I860), xix. art. 3, p. 25, pi. 15. 
if. 1, la, lb (tibia) (1874). 
Psittacus (Lophopsittacus) mauritianus, A. Newt, P. Z. S. 1875, 
pp. 349,350. 

Lophopsittacus 
mauritianus, Newt. Enc. Brit. (eci. 9) iii. p. 732, 
ff. 44, 46 (rough sketch of the living bird) (1875J; A. $ E. Newt. 
Ibis, 1876, pp. 282,289; E. Newt. Trans. Norf. $ Norw. Nat. 
Soc. iv. p. 550 (1888). 

A " frontal crest and wing so short as possibly to be inadequate 
for flight" (A. Neiuton). 

This bird, which formerly existed in Mauritius, is known only from 
its osseous remains, a considerable number of which have been found 
deposited with those of the Dodo in the peat of the Hare aux Songes ; 
to it has been referred the original of a rough drawing in the MS. 
journal of an old Butch voyager. 

1. 
MICBOGLOSSUS. T 
Type. 
Psittacus, sect. Probosciger, KuM*, Co?zsp. Psitt. p. 12 
(1820) .. M. aterrimus. 
Solenoglossus, Panz.\ Elem. di Zool. iii. pt. 2, p. 18 
(1821) M. atemmas. 
Microglossia, Geoffr. St.-Hilaire, MS.; Yieilh Gal 
des Ois. i. p. 47, pi. 50 (1821-23)} M. aterrlmus. 
Microglossum, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 63 (1825). 
Microglossa, Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 47 (1831) ; Sclat. 


Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 166 (1858). 
Emhynchus, " Latr." Less. Tr. $Orn. p. 183 (1831) 
(ex Latreille, Fam. Pecjn. An. p. 76, 1825). 
Maeroglosstmi, Temm. Coup d'CEil gen. sur les Poss. 
Neerl iii. p. 405 (1849). 


Range. The Papuan Islands and Xorth Australia. 

# Probosciger is not a generic name, but a term used by Kuhl for his 
sect. vi. of the genus Psittacus. 
t Solenoglossus, Banz., lias certainly the priority over Mieroglossus, Geoffr., but 
it conveys quite a false idea of the structure of the tongue. 
$ The genus Microglossia was established by Vieillot after Etienne Geoffrey 
St.-IIilaire, ,who, in a memoir "Sur les Appareils de la Deglutition et clu Gout 

1. 3IICU0GL0SSUS. 
1. Microglossia aterrimus. 
Great Black Cockatoo, Edw. Glenn, vii. t. 316 (1704). 

Le Kakatoes noir, Buf. Hist Nat Ois. vi. p. 07 (1779). 

Black Cockatoo, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 261 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. 

p. 198(1822). 
Psittacus aterriinus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 330, n. 93 (1788); Bechst. 
Eurze Uebers. p. 87, pi. 14 (1811); Less. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 145 
(1828) ; id. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. pt. 2, p. 025 (1828); Voigt Cuv. 
Uebers. p. 747 (1831). 

Psittacus gig-as, Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 107 (1790) ; >Ste, fe, Zoo/. 

viii. p. 474, pi. 71 (1811); Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 52 (1839). 
Ara giis a troinpe, Zewntf. Per;-, pi. 11 ($) (1801). 
Ara noir a troinpe, Levaill. Perr. pis. 12 et 13 (head) (tf) (1801). 
Psittacus giiseus, Bechst Eurze Uebers. p. 87 (1811). 
Cacatua aterrinia, Vieill N. D. xvii. p. 13 (1818); id. Enc. Meth. 
p. 1415 (1823); Schleg. Joum.f. Orn. 1861, p. 380. 
Psittacus goliath, EuM, Coyisp. Psitt. p. 92 (1820); Less. Man. d'Orn. 
ii. p. 145 (1828); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 749 (1831); 8. Mull. 
Verh. Lan^ en Volkerik. pp. 22,167 (1839-44). 
Solenoglossus zeylanicns, Ranz. Elem. di Zool. iii. pt). 2, 21, tav. y. 
ff. 2, 3 (1821). 
Grey Cockatoo, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 199 (1822). 
Perroquet microglosse, Geoffr. St.-Hil. Mem. du Mus. x. p. 186 et 

&eq., pi. 11. ff.l8, 14, 16 (1823). 
Microglossus aterrimue, Vieill. Gal. des Ois. i. p. 47, pi. 50, pi. D. no. 8 
(1821-23); Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 682 (1832); Selb. Nat Libr. vi. 

p. 138, p]. 16 (1836); Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837); Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 7 (1850); Goidd, B. Austr., Suppl. pi. 61 (pt. i., 
1851); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, sp. 277; id. 
Naumannia, 1856, Camp. Psitt sp. 290; Schleg. Jahrb. Natura 
Artis Magistra, 1861, p. 181, with, plate; Rosenb. Nat Tijdschr. 
Ned. Lnd. xxv. p. 227, sp. 33 (1863); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1864, 
p. 115, sp. 33; Schleg. JDierent p. 84 (1864) f Bemst. Nat 
Tijdschr. Ned. Lnd. xxvii. pp. 297, 298 (1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr. 
Dierh. ii. pp. 327,328 (1865) ; Einsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 (186;5); id. 
Papag. i. p. 370 (1867), ii. p. 942 (1808); Rosenb. Reist naar 
Geelknhb. p. 56 (1875) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 584 (1875) ; 
Biggies, Orn. of Austr. ii. p. 75 (1877); Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civ. 
Gen. x. pp. 26, 119 (1877); id. P.Z.S. 1878, p. 92; Forbes, 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 125; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N S. W. iv. 
pp. 91, 96 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 107 (1880); 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xii. f. 5 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 35 (Consp. Psitt. p. 35); Salvad. Voy. ChalL, Birds,]). 74 
(1881); Forbes, ibid. p. 90 (1881); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. 
dans les Aras Indiens, ou Perroquets Microglosses " (Mem. du Mus.x. pp. 186


198, pi. 11. ff. 13,14,1(>, 1823), proposed the French name " Microglosse." The 
memoir was read the 6th July, 1821, but was nut printed till 1823. In the 
meantime, as Geoffroy St-Hilaire says (/. c. p. 1(«)S, note), Vieillot published 
the genus Microglossus, attributing it to Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, in the * Galerie des 
Oiseaux,' i. p. 47: the date generally bestowed on this work is 1825 ; but we 
find in Engelmann's ' Bibliotheea Hibtorieo-naturalis' that the work was 
published in 82 parts, from 1820 to 1826 ; and as Geoffroy St.-IIilaire in 1823, 
in the note mentioned above, says that Vieillot had already published the 
genus Microglossus in the ' G-alerie des Oiseaux,' it is quite evident that the 
date of the same must be between the 6th of July 1821 and 1823. {Cf. 'Ibis,'" 

1890. p. 125.) 

104 CACATUIDJT. 

N S. TV. (2) iii. p. 27 (1883); Meyer, Zeitsclir. f. ges. Orn. i 

p. 273 (1884); Nehrh. Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 31; Guillem. 
P.Z.S. 1885, p. 618; Meyer, Vogel-Skelett.t. xliii. (1878-89) : 
Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16 (1888) ; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Se. Tor. 
ser. 2, xl. p. 28 (1889) ; North, Descr. Cat. Nests $ Eggs Austr. 
Birds, p. 254 (1889). 
Microglossum aterrinmni, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. Il l (1826); 

G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 424, n. 1 (1845); id. P. Z. S. 1858, 
pp. 184, 195, 1859, p. 159; id. Cat. B. New Gui?i. pp. 43, 60 
(1859); id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 96 (1859); Sclaf. P. Z. S. 
I860, p. 227; G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437; Wall. P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 281; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 147 (1864) ; Bemst. 
Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. p. D2S (1865) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. 
ii. p. 27' (1865); Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Bierk. iii. p. 338 (1866); 
Bosenb. Beis naar de Zuidoostereil. p. 48 (1867) ; G. B. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 171, sp. 8413 (1870); ScJdeg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, 
p. 67 (1874); Bosenb. Beist. naar GeelvinU. pp. 60, 83 (1875); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 753 (1875); Meyer, Sitzb. Ms 
m JDresd. 1875, p. 76; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 394 
(1876); I)1 Alb. Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
x. p. 19 (1877); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. p. 491, 
n. 10 (1878); Bosenb. Zool. Gart. 1878, p. 347 ; HAlb. <§• Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv, p. 129 (1879); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. 
Soc., Zool. xiv. p. 685 (1879); Moseley, Not. Chad. p. 352 (1879); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (1889). 
Microglossum goliath, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. Il l (1826); Wall. 

P. Z. S. 1864, p. 281; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 171, sp. 8414 
£870). 
Microglossum ater (sic), Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 184 (1831). 
Microglossias griseus, Siv. Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837). 
Eurhynchus gigas, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. Ois. p. 20 (1837); op. 

tit. 2nd ed. Ois. p. 603 (1838). 
Microglossum nigerrimum, Less. ibid. pi. 27 (1838). 
Microglossa aterrima, Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 166, sp. 122 

(1858). 
Caeatua intermedia, Schleg. Jahrb. Nat. Art. Magidra, 1861, p. 186; 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 380. 
Microglossus goliath, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 (1865). 

Yar. minor. 

Psittactis aterrimus, Kuhl (nee Gm.), Consp. Psitt. p. 81 (1820). 
Ara alecto, Temm. Disc. Fatm. Jap. p. xvii (183-?)* (type 
examined). 
Emiiynchus alecto, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 200 (1837); id. 
op! tit. 2nd ed. Ois. p. 603 (1838). 

Microglossum alecto, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 424, n. 2 (1845); id. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 97 (1859); id. Cat B. New Ghrin. pp. 43, 
60 (1859); Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, 

p. 473 (part.); Schleg. Mtis. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 151 (1864): G. R. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 171, sp. 8415 (1870). 
Macroglossum alecto, Temm. Coup d7(Eil, iii. p. 405 (note) (1849). 
Microglossus alecto, JBp. Consp. i. p. 7 (1850); id. Naumannia, 1856, 

Consp. Psitt. sp. 291; Rose?zb. Naiurh. Tijdschr. Ned. Lid. xxv. 

p. 227, sp. 34 (1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 115, sp. 34: 
* I haye not been able to find this reference, which is given by Lesson, 
do Buff. ix. p. 200. 
1 . 
MICKOGLOSSTTS. 
105 

ScMeg. Dierent p. 84(1864); Bemst. Nat TijdscJir. Ned. Ind. 

xxvii. p. 298 (1864); id. Ned. TijdscJir. Lierk. ii. p. 328 (1865). 
Microglossa 
alecto, Sclat. Jour. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 166, sp. 123 
(1858) j Sclat R Z. S. 1861, p. 365; Parker, P. Z. S. 1865. 

p. 235 j Sclat. List Vert An. Stli ed. p. 315 (1883). 
*Caeatua alecto, Sclileg. Journ.f. Orn. 1861, p. 380. 
Microglossia aterrimns, FinseJi, Papag. i. p. 370 (part.) (1867). 
Microglossia aterriinum, Schleg. Mus. P.-P. Psittaci, Revue, p. Q7 
(part.) (1874). 

Adult male. Slaty black, powdered with groy, when alive; forehead 
and lores deep velvety black; a long crest of narrow feathers 
on the head; wings and tail with green reflexions; naked cheeks, 
pale red, bordered with pale yellow, the two colours gradually 
blending into each other: bill and feet black; hides dark brown. 
Total length from 31 to 29 inches, wing about 15, tail about 10, 
bill 4-2, tarsus 1-1. 

Adult female. Smaller than the male. 

Young. Differs from the adult bird in having the abdomen, the 
under wing-coverts and under tail-coverts with narrow yellowish 
bands, and the tip of the upper mandible more or less whitish. 

Hah. Papuan Islands and North Australia—New Guinea, 
Waigiou, Ghemien, Sorong, Salwatty, Mysol, Jobi, Aru Islands, 
and Cape York. 

The birds from the Aru Islands are much smaller than those from 
New Guinea; still the smallest specimen I have ever seen was from 
Waigiou—total length 25*7 inches, wing 12-8, tail 9-5, bill 2-7 *. 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk.
c,d. Ad.etjuv.
sk. 
Dorey. 
New Guinea. fc(Figured by Shaw.) 
Wallace Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad. head.
g. Ad. sk. 
New Guinea (Br. Comrie). 
Port Moresby. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
K Broadbent, Esq. 
h. Ad. sk.
t, k. 6 $ ad. sk. 
Mysol. 
Aru Islands. 
Wallace Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
1. c? ad. sk.
m, n. Ad. sk.
o, p. <$ 2 ad. sk.
q. $ ad. sk. 
Aru Islands. 
N. Australia (/. T. Cockerell). 
Cape York. *" 
Cape York. • 
' Challenger' Exp. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
i ChallengerJ Exp. 
J. Macgillivray, Esq. 
r. Imm. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t. Juv. sk. 
Cape York. 
Port Albany (C. Coxen). 
Port Albany. 
J. Macgillivray, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Purchased. 
u. Skeleton. Aru Islands. 
v,w. Skulls. 

* Teruminck (Coup d'GEil, iii. p. 405) says that the Papuans from Triton 
Bay told Dr. Solomon Muller of a black Cockatoo larger than Microglossia 
aterrimus, and with much longer tail, living in the interior of New Guinea; 
also Yon Kosenberg (Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 64) heard from the natives near 
Karusa river, on the west coast of New Guinea, of a very large Cockatoo with 
long tail and feathered cheeks, living in the Interior. 
106 
CACATTJIDJS. 

2. CALYPTOEHYSTCHTTS. 
Type. 
Calyptorhynchus, Vig. § Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 

p. 264 (1826) ... . : C. banksii. 
Banksianus, Less. Tr. WOm. p. 179 (1881) C. banksii. 
Calyptorrhynckus, Finsch, Papag.i. p. 329 (1867). 
Range. Confined to Australia. 

Key to the Species* 

I. A light patch on the ear-covert?. 
a. Patch on the ear-coverts and tail-band 
white baudini, p. 106. 
b. Patch on the ear-coverts and tail-band 
yellow. 
a'. Larger; wing from 18 to 16 inches ... . funereus, p. 107. 
h'. Smaller; wing from 15 to 14 inches.... xanthonotus, p. 108. 

II. 
No light patch on the ear-coverts ; tail-band, 
red in the adult males, red, more or less 
tinged wTith yellow and crossed by black 
narrow bands, in the immature birds and 
perhaps also in the adult females, 
a". Head and neck like the body, glossy 
greenish black. 
a'". Larger; total length about 24 


inches; crest longer. 
a1. Bill smaller and less powerful .. banksi, p. 109. 
b\ Bill larger, much more powerful macrorhynchus, p. 110. 

V". Smaller; total length about 22 
inches; crest shorter stellatus, p. 111. 
b". Head and neck brown; upper part^ 
glossy greenish black* viridis, p. 1J2. 

1. Calyptorkynclras baudini. 
Calyptorhynchus baudini, Vig. in Lear s Parr. pi. 6 (1832); Lafresn. 
Mag. de Zool. 1834, p.—, pi. 25 (head); Bourj. Perr. pi. 73 
(1837-38); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 13 (1846); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. 

ii. 426, n. 5 (1846); Bclmh. Vdg. X. Boll. n. 462 (1850); Bp. Per. 
ef Mag. Zool. 1854, p. 156, n. 272 ; Souance, Rev. et Slag. Zool. 
1856, 'p. 225; Bp. Naumannia. 1856, Consp. Psitf. n. 285 ; G. P. 
Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 98 (1859); Sehleg. Dierent. p. 84 
(1864); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaei, p. 155 (1864) ; Gould, Handb. B. 
Austr. ii. p. 25 (1865); Finsch, Papag. L p. 363 (1867); G. P. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 171, n. 8409 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. 
p, 551 (1872); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 70 (1874) ; 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. IV. ii. p. 193, n. 460 (1878); 
Bchmo. Vogelbild. t. xviii. f. 1 (1878-83) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 32 (Consp. Psitt. p. 32); Bamsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 479 
(1888) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B: p. 72 (1889) ; North, Deser. Cat. 
Nests <§* Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 253 (1889). 
Plyctolophus (?) baudinii, SID. Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837). 
Banksianus baudinii, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 193 (1837): id. 
op. cit. ed. 2, j . 602 (1838). 
Cacatua baudinii, Sehleg. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 380. 

2 . CiLYPTOEHYNCHUS. 
107 

Adult. Blackish brown, glossed with, green, especially on the 
forehead, all the feathers narrowly tipped with dull white; face 
nearly black; ear-coverts creamy white; under tail-coverts with 
hidden white spots; all but the two central tail-feathers crossed by 
a very broad whitish band; the margin of the outer web of the 
banded feathers blackish brown; the shafts black : iris blackish 
brown; bill lead-colour; feet dull yellowish grey, tinged with 
olive. Total length 23 inches, wing 15-2, tail 14, bill 2-3, 
tarsus 1*1. 

Hah. South-western Australia. 

a. Irani, st. S. Australia. Sir G-. Grey [P.]. 
b. Ad. var. st. S. Australia. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. S.W. Australia (/. T. Coclerell). Salvm-Godman Coll. 
2. Calyptorhynchus funereiis. 
Psittaeus funereus, Shaio, Nat. Misc. pi. 186 (1789); Lath. Suppl. 
Lnd. Orn. ii.p. xxii (1802); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. pp. 12, 89 (1820) j 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 738 (1831). 

Banksian Cockatoo, var. C, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 91 (1802). 
Banksian Cockatoo, fiivt and fourth var.. Lath. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 92 

(1802). 
Psittaeus banksii, part., Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii. pt. 2, p. 470 (1811). 
Funereal Cockatoo, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 202, n. 131 (1822). 
Cacatua banksii, var. 3, Vieill. N. B. xvii. p. 9 (1817); id. JEnc. 

Meth.iii. p. 1412(1823). 
Calyptorhynchus funereus, Vig.fyHorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 271 
(182G); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 109 (1826); Wagl Mon. Psitt 

p. 688 (1832); Lafr. Mag. de Zool 1834, p. —, pi. 24 (head); 
JBourj. Pert. pi. 70 (1837-38); G. R. Gr. Gen. P. ii. p. 426, n. 1 
(1846) ; Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 11 (1846); Blyth, Cat B. Mus. 
A. S. B. p. 1 (1849); Rchib. Vog. N. Holl n. 464 (1850); Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 7 (1850); Licht Nomencl p. 69 (1854); Bp. Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 156, no. 270 ; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt n. 283; G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 98 (1859); 
Schleg. Bierent p. 84 (1864) ; id. Mus. P.-B. Psitt. p. 155 (1864) ; 
Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 20 (1865); Pete. NovaraReis., Vog. 
p. 100 (1865); Nitzsch,Pterylogr. (Engl, ed.) p. 102 (1867);, Putsch, 
Papag. i. p. 357 (partini) (1807); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 171, 
n. 8410 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 551 (partini) (1872) ; 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 70 (1874); Ramsay, P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 001; Bigijl Orn. Austr. ii. p. 75 bis, pi. 75 bis (head) 
(1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 458 (1878); 
Solat P. Z. S. 1879, p. 603; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 77 (note); 
Rchnw. Vofjelbild. t. xii. f. 4 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 32 (Consp. Psitt. p. 32); Salv. Cat. StricU. Coll p. 454 (1882) ; 
Selat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 315 (1883); Broadb. Pr. R. Soc. 
Queensl ii. p. 124 (1885) ; Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 478 (partim) 
(1888); North, Bescr. Cat Nests $ Fggs, p. 253 (1889). 
Banksianus australis (femelle), Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 180 (1831). 
Plyctolophus funeralis, J$w. Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837). 
Banksianus funereus, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 193 (1837) ; id. op. 


cit ed. 2, p. 602 (1838). 
Cacatua funerea, Schley. Joum.f. Orn. 1861, p. 379. 


108 
CACATTTIDJE. 

Adult Brownish black, glossed with green, particularly on the 
head; feathers of the body narrowly margined with brown, more 
or less olive on the underparts : ear-coverts drill wax-yellow; all 
but the two central tail-feathers crossed by a very broad band, pale 
yellow, more or less freckled with irregular zigzag markings of 
brownish black ; the external web of the outer tail-feathers and the 
margin of the external web of the other banded feathers brownish 
black: " bill black; eyes blackibh brown ; feet nearly blackish 
brown " (Gould). Total length 24 inches, wing IS, tail 14, bill 2*1, 

tarsus 1*1. 

To ting: The ear-coverts are of a brighter yellow, the edges of 
the feathers of the underpaits are broader and of a brighter yellowish 
olive ; the band on the tail is more freckled with brown, and the 
bill is whitish, with the tip dark. 

Ilab. South-eastern Australia and Tasmania. 

a. Ad. sk. 
Linnean Society ~P/. 
(Type of species j" 
b-f. Ad. et inrm. sk. Australia (J". T. Cockerel!). Salvin-Gorlrnan Coll. 


g. Imm. sk. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll. 
3. Calyptorhynchus xauthouotus, 
Calyptorliynchus 
xaiithonotus, Goidd, F. Z. S. 1837, p. 151; id. 
WiegmlArch. f. Naturg. 1839, p. 395; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 426, n. 8 (1846) ; Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 12 (1847); Rchib. 
Vog. N. Soil. n. 463 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, 
p. 156, n. 271; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Fsitt. n. 284; G. R. 
Gr. List B>itt. Brit. Mus. p. 99 (1859) ; Krefft, Ibis, 1863, p. 117 
(Sydney) j Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 22 (1865); G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 171, n. 8411 (1870); Digql 8t//i. B. Austr. ii. 
p. 7 6 bis (1877); Rchmo. Joura. f. Orn. 1881, p. 83 (Consp. Fsitt, 
p. 33); id. Vogelbild. Naclitr. n. 4 (1883); Ler/ge, JPr. R. Sue. 
Tasm. 1886, p. 237; Ramsay, Tab. List, n. 478 (note) (1888); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 72 (1889) ; North, Deser. Cat. Nests $ Hags 
Austr. Birds, p. 253 (1889). 
% Calyptorlrynchus xanthotus, Sehleg. Jour/2, f. Orn. 1801, p. 380 : id. 
Dierent. p. 84 (1864) ; id. Mus. F.-B. Psittaci, p. 155 (1864); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 70 (1874). 

Calyptorliynchus 
funereus, part., Finseli, Fapag. i. p. 357 (1867); 
Gieb. Tlies. Orn. i. p. 551 (partiin) (1872);' Ramsay, Tab. List, 

p. 16, n. 478 (partim) (1888). 
Calyptorhynchus funereus, var. xanthonotus, Ramsay, Fr. Linn. Sue. 
N. 8. W. ii. p. 198, n. 459 (1878). 
Adult. Exactly like C. funereus in colouring, but smaller in all 
the dimensions. Total length from 23 to 22 inches, wing from 15 
to 14 inches, tail from 11 to 10 inches. 

Bab. Tasmania and South Australia. 

Although I have kept this species separate from the preceding 
one, I am not at all sure that I am justified in so doing, as there is 
the most perfect gradation between the two forms. 

a, b. Ad. sk. River Murray, Oct. & Nov. Sir E. Grey [P.]. 

2. OALTPIOKffnSTOHTJS. 109 
c. Irani, sk.
<?. Irani, sk.
e. Imm. st.
f. Irani, sk.
g. Imm. sk.
ft, e. Imm. sk. 
Australia. 
Australia (J. T. 
Tasmania. 
Lachlan Vale,
March 1867. 
Tasmania. 
Tasmania. 
Cockerell). 
Tasmania, 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman 
Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
E. Gunn, Esq. 
Antarctic Exp. 
Coll. 
[P.]. 

4. Calyptorhynchus banks! 
Banksian Cockatoo, Latli. Syn. AD. Suppl i. p. 03, t. 109 (1787); 
Cook, Voy. ii. p. 18; Parkins. Voy. p. 144 ; Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 199, pi. xxvii. with. var. 0 (1822). 
Psittacus 
bankbii, Lath. Lid. Orn. p. 107, n. 70 (young) (1790); 
Tenwi. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 112 (1819); Bechst. Xurze Uehers. 

p. 188 (1811) ; Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 470 (1811) ; Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt. pp. 12, 90 (1820) : Banz. Mem. di Zool. iii. 2, p. 53 (excl. 
var.) (1821) ; Less. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. p. 024 (1828) ; Voigt, Cuv. 
Uehers. p. 738 (1831). 
Psittacus magnificus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 50 (1789-1813). 
Banksian Cockatoo, third var., Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 92 (1802). 
Cacatua banksii, Vieill. N. I), xvii. p. 8 (1817); id. JEnc. MSth. iii. 


p. 1412 (1823); Schleg. Joum.f. Orn. 1801, p. 379. 
Psittacus cooki (part.), Temm. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. Ill (1819); 
Voigt, Cuv. Uehers. p. 738 (1831). 
Psittacus leachii, Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 91, tab. iii. (fig. opt.) (1820). 
Cook's Cockatoo, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 201, no. 130 (1822). 
Psittacus funereus, Less, (nee Shaw) Voy. Coq., Zool. i. p. 624 

(1828). 
Calyptorkynekus banksi, Vig. § Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 271 
(1826) j Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 109 (1826) ; Wagl. Mon. Psitt 

p. 686 (1832); Lafr. Maq. de Zool. 1834, p. —, pi. 2Q; JBourj. 
Perr. pi. 71 (1837-38); Hartl. Syst Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 89 (1844); 
G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 426, n. 2 (1846); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 7 
(1846); Rchnb. Tog. N. Holl n. 461 (1853) ; Bp. Bev. et Mag. 
de Zool 1854, p. 156, n. 274; SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1856, p. 225; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 286; Zuchold, 
Joum.f. Orn. 1858, p. 39; G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 97 
(1859) (syn. emend.); Sclat Ibis, 1862, p. 285-, id. P. Z. S. 1862, 
p. 141; Schleg. Dierent. p. 83 (1864); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
p. 153 (1864); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 13 (1865); Peh. 
Novara Beis., Vog. p. 100 (1865); Bamsay, Ibis, 1866, p. 332; 
Finsch, Papag. i. p. 345 (1867); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 170, 
n. 8405 (1870); Gieb. T/ies. Orn. i. p. 551 (syn. emend.) (1872); 
Peh. Ibis, 1873, p. 33; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 634, 1874, 
p. 587; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue. p. 69 (1874); Bamsay, 
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 601; Cab. $ Bchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1876, p. 324; 
Bamsay, Pr. Linn, Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 454 (1878); Bchuo. 
Vogelbild. t. xii. ff. 6, 7 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 33 
(Co?isp. Psitt p. 33); Salv. Cat. Striekl. Coll. p. 454 (1882); Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1882, p. 421; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 315 (1883) 
Broadb. Pr. B. Soc. Quee?isl. iv. p. 27 (1887); North, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. (2) iii. p. 1777 (1888); Bamsay, Tab. List, p. 16, 
n. 474 (1888); De Vis, Bep. 8c. Exp. N. Queensl. p. 33 (1889). 
Calyptorhynchus cookii, 
Vig. fy Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 272 
(1826) { G. B. Gr. Gen. IK ii. p. 4^6, no. 3 (184G). 

110 
CACATUJDJE. 

BaDksiaims australis, part., Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 80 (male ad., jetme 
male, deuxieme et troisieme livr£e) (1831). 
Calyptorkyncbns leacliii, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 683 (1832); NitzseJi, 

Ptenjlogr. (Engl, eel.) p. 102 (1867). 
Plyctolophus cookii, SID. Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837). 
Plyctolopkus banksii, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 302 {1837). 
Banksianus banksii, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 194, pi. 25. f. 1 

(1837); id. op. cit. ed. 2, p. 602, pi. —. f. 1 (1838). 
Calyptorkynchus temruinckii, Bourj. (iiec Kuhl), Perr. pi. 72 (183738). 


Adult. Glossy greenish black; cres>t much lengthened; a broad 
band of rich deep vermilion across the middle of all but the two 
central tail-feathers ; the external web of the outer tail-feather& 
and the margin of the external web of the other banded feathers 
black: bill black; feet mealy brown. Total length 24 inches, 
wiog 17, tail 13-5, bill 1-7, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Glossy greenish black; head and upper wing-coverts 
spotted with yellow; under surface crossed by narrow irregular 
bars of pale yellow, which become yellowish red on the under tail-
coverts ; the red part of the tail interrupted by numerous and irregular 
black bars, and passing into yellowish red underneath and 
into sulphur-yellow on the inner margins of the feathers. 


Hah. Eastern Australia, from Port Denison to Xew South "Wales 
and Victoria. 


a. 
J ? ad. sk. Linnean Society. 
(Type of species.) 
b. S ? ad. sk. Linnean Society. 
(Type of Psittacus cooldi, Ternro., <$.) 
c. Imm. sk. Australia (J. T. Cockerel!). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
d. Ad. sk Gould IsL, May. J. B. Juke* rp.". 
e. Imm. sk. Cape Upstart. J. B. Jukes 'P. ]. 
f. 
<$ imm. &k. Percy IsL, December. Voyage of H.3I.S. 
'llattlesnake.' 
g. h. Ad. & imm. Eiver Darling (Br. Pechey). Goidd Coll. 
sk. 
i. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Hardwicke Cull. 
5. Calyptorhynclms macrorhynclins. 
Calyptorlivnchus macrorliynchiib, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 138 (Port 
Essington); G. R. Gr. "Gen. B. ii. p. 420, n. 7 (1846); Gould, B. 

• n /"intns 7 "irt 
Aust " ^-T T"' "*"" ^ "
Rev. 
de , 
Psitt. n. 287; ? G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mm. p. 97 (1809); 
Cat. B. N. Guin. p. CO (1859); h Sahleg. Diereyit. p. 83 (1864); 
Gould, Kandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 16 (1865) : G. R. Gr. Eand-list, ii. 


p. 170, n. 8406 (1870). 
Cacatua macrorhyncha, Schleg. Journ.f. Orn. 1861, p. 379. 
Calyptorhynchus banksi, part., Finsdt'Papag. i. p. 345 (1867) ; Gieh. 
fhes. Orn. i. p. 551 (1872); Rehao.Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 33 
(Consp. Pdtt. p. 33) (partim). 
Calyptorhynchus stellatus, Ramsay (nee Wagl), Pr. Linn. Soe. N. 

2. CALYPfORHYNCHtrS. 
Ill 
S. IF. ii. p. 193, n. 455 (1878); id. Tab. List, p. 16, n. 475 (1888); 
Be Tls, Rep. Sc. Exp. N. Queensl. p. S3 (1889). 
Both, males and females are very much like those of 0. hanksi, 
possessing an equally lengthened crest, but differ in having the hill 
larger and more powerful, with the mandible much thicker; besides, 
the wings are shorter, and the female has the coloured part of the 
tail mingled yellow and scarlet. 

Hah. Northern Australia, from Derby to Rockingham Bay. 

"Whether this bird is truly distinct from 0. banksi is a question 
which I am not able to decide, on account of the want of a sufficient 
number of specimens with the localities and sexes ascertained. The 
following specimens seem to belong to it:— 

«, b. Imin. sk. Australia. 

c. Ad. st.; d. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.]. 
Inrm. var. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. JNT. Australia (J. T. Cockerell), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Imm. sk. Port Essington. Dr. Sibbald [P.]. 
g. Imm. sk. N. Australia. SirT. S.Mitchell [P.]. 
h. Skeleton. 
Eyton Coll. 
6. Calyptorhynchus stellatus. 
Y Banksiau Cockatoo, fifth var., Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii, p. 92 (1802). 

Calyptorhynchus stellatus, Weigh Mon. Psitt. p. 685, t. xxvii. (av. 
jun.) (1832; ; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 426, n. 6 (1846); Finsch, 
Papag. i. p. 351 (1867) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 171, n. 8407 
(1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 552 (1872) (syn. emend.) ; Rchnw. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 34 (Consp. Psitt. p. 34); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. n. 5 (1883). 

Calyptorhynchus naso, Gould, P. Z. & 1836, p. 106; G. R. Gr. Gen. 

B. ii. p. 426, n. 9 (1846); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 9 (1847); Rchnb. 
Tog. K Holl. n. 458 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, 
p. 156, n. 276 ; Souanct, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 225 5 Bp. 
JSTaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 288; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. 
* Brit. Mus. p. 98 (partim) (1859); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. 
p. 17 (1865); ? Miili P. Z. S. 1869, p. 279 (Melbourne); Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. Soo. N. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 456 (1878); Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 421 j id. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 315 (1883); Ramsay, Tab. 
List, p. 10, n. 476 (1888) ; North, Lescr. Cat. Nests § Eggs Austr. 
Birds, p. 252 (1889). 
Calyptorhynchus 
macrorhynclius, part., G. R. Gn\ List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 97 (1859); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaei, p. 154 (1864). 

" The characters by which this species is distinguished from the 

C. macrorhynclius are a smaller bill and a shorter and more rounded 
crest. The bill is, moreover, inclined to be gibbous, like that of 
C. leacldi, to which species it also offers a further alliance in its 
shorter contour and more rounded crest and short tail. Total length 
22 inches, bill in height 2*75, wing 14, tail 10*5, tarsus (about) 0-7/' 
{Gould.) 
Hah "Western Australia. 
The specimens in the Museum are few in number, without having 

locality or sex marked; I am therefore unable to point out the 

112 CAO&TUIDJB. 
exact characters by which this form is to he discriminated from 

the two preceding ones. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. d. Ad. et inmi. sk. 
Australia. 
Australia (J. T. Cockerell). 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

7. Caljrptorhyuchus viridis. 
P&ittacus banksii, var. /3, Lath, Inch Orn. i. p. 107 (1700) (var.). 
Pfcittacus banksii, ^ar. y, Lath. Inch Orn. i. p. 107 (1790). 
Banlfcdan Cockatoo, var. A, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 91 (1802) ; i<h 

Gen. Hist. ii. p. 200 (1822). 
Banksiau Cockatoo, .second var., Lath. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 02 (1^02) ; 
id Gen. Hist. ii. p. 200 (var. B) (1622). 
Caeatna viridis, Vieill N. 1). xvii. p. 12 (1S17); id Eac. Meth. ill. 

p. 1415 (1823); Pucker. Rev. et Mag. de Zoot. 1852, p. 563 ; HartL 
Journ.f. Orn. 1855, p. 422. 
Psittacus cookii (part.), Temm. Trans.Linn. Sac. xiii. p. Il l (1810); 
Toigt, CUD. Uebers. p. 738 (1831). 
Psittacus solandri, Temm. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 113 (1810). 
Psittacus temminckii, Kulil, Consp. Psitt. p. 82 (1820) (descr. av. 

ad.). 
Solander's Cockatoo, Lath Gen. Hist. ii. p. 201, n. 129 (1822). 
Cook's Cockatoo, Lath. ibid. n. 130. 
Calyptorhyuchus cookii (part.), Vig. fy Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. 

p. 272 (1826) ; ? Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 22o. 
Calvptorhynclms solandri, 
Vig. <§* Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 274 
(1826); Sehleg. Mas. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 153 (1864); G. R. Gr. Hand-
list, ii. p. 171, n. 8408 (1820); Pelz. Ibi*, 1873, p. 118; Sehleg. 
MILS. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 69 (1874); Ramsai/, Pr. Linn. Soc. 

N. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 457 (1878) (syn. excl.); Rchuc. Vogelhild 
t. xii. f. 1 (1878-83) ; id. Jour. f. 6m. 1881, p. 33 {Consp. Psitt. 
p. 33); Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll p. 454 (1882); Broadb. Pr.R. S,c. 
Queensl. ii. p. 124 (1885); Pelz. u. Lor. Ami. k. naturh. Hofmus. 
1888, p. 40; Ra7nsau, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 477 (excl. svn.) (1833) ; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B.'y. 72 (1830). 
Calyptorliynchus temminckii, 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 109 (1826); 
Wacjl. Mon. Psitt p. 684 (1832) ; Lafresn. Mag. de Zool. 1834, 

p. —, pk 27, 28; Bourjot, Perr. pi. 12 bis (jun.) (1837-38): G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 426, n. 4 (1846). 
Banksianus australis, part., Less. Tr. cTOrn. p. 180 (quatrienie livree) 
(1831). 
Calyptorhynchus stellatus, Selby (nee WagIX Nat Libr. vi. p. 134, 
pi. 15 (1836). 
Plyctolophus solandri, Sic. Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837). 
Plyctolophus cookii, Sw. ibid. 
Banksianus tenmiinckii, Less. CompL de Buff, ix. p. 103 (1837): id. 

op. cit. ed. 2, p. 602 (1838). 
Calyptorhynchus banksii, Bourj. (jiec Lath.) Perr. pi. 71 bis (acl.) 
(1837-38). 

Calyptorhynchus 
leachii, Gould (nee Kuhl), B. Austr. r. pi. 10 
(im){Rchb. Tog. N. Soil. n. 459 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 273; id. Kaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
p, 289; Zuchold, Journ.f. Orn. 1858, p. 39 ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. 98 (syn. emend.) (1859) ; Sehleg. Dierent. p. 83 
(1864); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 18 (1365); Pdz. Novum 

3 . CALLOCEPHAXOtf. 
113 

Eeis., Yog. p. 100 (1865) ; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 601; Diggl. 

Orn. Austr. ii. pi. 74 (young) (1877). 
Cacatua leachii, Sehleg. Journ.f. Orn. 1861, p. 379. 
Calyptorhynchus solanderi, Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 552 (1872). 

Adult male. Glossy greenish, black ; head and neck brown ; also 
the breast and the abdomen are washed with brown; a broad band 
of deep vermilion across the middle of all but the two centre tail-
feathers ; the external web of the outer tail-feathers and the margin 
of the external web of the other banded feathers black: iris very 
dark brown ; orbits nearly black; bill dark horn-colour; feet nearly 
black. Total length 19*5 inches, wing 14, tail 10, bill 1*9, tarsus 
7*5. 

Female (?) or immature hird. Differs from the adult in having 
the scarlet band on the tail more or less tinged with yellow and 
crossed by narrow black bands; on the head and chin there are 
frequently yellow feathers irregularly disposed. 

Young. Like the immature bird; the head, the underparts, the 
upper and under wing-coverts spotted with yellow ; sometimes the 
under tail-coverts are banded -with yellow. 
Hah. Eastern Australia, from Cape York to Victoria. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Imm. sk.
c. (S ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
River Murray. 
Australia. 
Linnean Soc. [P.]. (Type of 
Psittacus cookii, Temm., § .) 
Linnean Soc. [P.], (Type of 
Psittacus solandrif Temm.) 
Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
Purchased. 
*,/. Ad.ethnm.sg-L 1mm. sk.
k. Australia. 
Australia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

3. 
CALLOCEPHALON. 
Type. 
Corvdon, Wagl. (nee Less.) Man. Psitt p. 504 
(1832) ; ; C. galeatum. 
Callocephalon, Less, in Bougainv. Voy. de la 
Thetis, p. 311 (1837) (nee Calocephalus, F. Cuv., 
1826) , C. galeatum. 

CallicephalUs, Agass. Nomencl. ZooL Ind. Univ. p. 58 

(1846). 
Callocephala, Rchmo. Journ. f. Orn 1881, p. 31. 
Callocephalus, Salmn, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 454 

(1882). 

Range. Confined to Australia. 

1. Callocephalon galeatum. 
Red crowned Parrot, Lath. JSyn., Suppl ii. p. 3C9, pi. cxl. (1802) $ id. 
Gen. Hist. ii. p. 218, pi. 28 (1822). 
Psittacus galeatus, Lath. Suppl. Ind. Orn. p. xxiii, n. 13 (1802); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. p. 528 (1811); Kuhl, Consjp. Psitt. p. 88 


VOL. xx.

114: 
CACATTJIDJE. 
(1820) ; Ram. Mem. di Zool. iii. 2, p. 61 (1821) ; Voigt, Cum 

Uebers. p. 789 (1831). 
Paittacus phoenicocephalus, Mus. Paris, fide KuM, L c. ^ 
Cacatita gnleata, Vieill. N. D. xvii. p. 12 (1817); id.EncMeth. m. 

p. 1414 (1823) ; Schleg. Journ. f. Orn. 18(51, p. 3^9; id. Jkerent. 
p. 82, with figure on p. 83 (1864); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 142 
(1S64). 
Oalyptorhynchus galeatus, 
Fig. § Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xv. p- 2*4 
(1820); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 110 (182C); Less. Man. d Orn 

ii. p. 144 (1828); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 420, n. 10 (1845; : id 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 99 (1859) ; Peh. Xovara Reis., Tog. p. 100 
(1865); Finsch, Vapaq. i. p. 337 (1&07) ; Gieh. The*. Orn. i. 
p. 551 (1872); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 70 (1&74;; 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xii. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. Ittl, 
p. 31 {Consp. Psitt. p. 31). 
Banksianus galeatus, Less. Tr. cPOrn. p. 181 (1831). 
Corydon galeatus, Wagl.Mon. Psitt. pp. 504, 089 (1832); G.R.Gr. 
List Gen. B. p. 53 (1840). 

Plyctoloplms galeatus, $w. Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837}. 

Oallocephalon australe, Less. Voy. de la Thetis, p. 311, pis. 47, 48 

(1837); id. Compl. de Buff., Ois. ix. p. 195 (1837J, ed. 2, p. 002 

(1838). 

Kakadoe rubrogaleatus, Bourj. Perr. pis. 75, 75 bis, 75ter (1837-.*^). 

Calloceplialon galeatum, G.R. Gr. List Gen. B. 2nd ed. p. f"8 (1*41 j ; 

Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 14 (1847); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. 

p. 1 (1849); Rchnb. Neuentd. Vog. N. IIoll. n. 457 (1850); lip. 
Consp. i. p. 7 (1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 15(», n. 2*19 ; 
Souance, Rev. etMag. de Zool. 1856, p. 225 ; Bp. Xaumannia, l^^j 
Consp. Psitt. n. 282 ; Mat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 433; Govld, Hamlb. 
B. Austr. ii. p. 29 (1865); G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 171, n. 8412 
(1870) ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. iVr. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 453 (187b) ; 
Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 309; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 
p. 314 (1883) ; Legge, Pr. R. Soc. Tasm. 1880, p. 237 : Ramsay, 
Tab. List, p. 16, n. 473 (1888) ; North, Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. 
(2) iii. p. 1777 (1888) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889); Pamis. 
Cat. Austr. B., Psittaci, p. 14 (1891). 
Psittacus fiinbriatus, Gh%ant} fide G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 99 (1859). 
Callicephalus galeatus, Brehm, Thierl., Vog. p. 43 (1865). 
Callocephalus galeatus, Salv. Cat. Strichl. Coll. p. 454 (1882). 
.Adult male. Slate-grey; all the feathers, with the exception of 
the primaries, secondaries, and tail, narrowly margined with greyish 
white—decided and distinct on the upper, but much fainter on the 
under surface ; pileum, crest, and cheeks fine scarlet; secondaries 
and outer wing-coverts tinged with greenish on the outer web : bill 
light horn-colour; feet mealy black; iris blackish brown. Total 
length 13-6 inches, wing^^ , tail 5, bill 1*25, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. The crest grey; the quills and the tail-feathers with 
light grey bars; the feathers of the under surface are margined with 
sulphur-yellow and dull red; the under tail-coverts have dull yellow 
bars (Goidd). 

Young males. Like the females, but with dull red narrow bars on 
the pileum ; back, uropygium and upper tail-feathers, wing-coverts, 
scapulars, and secondaries with sulphur-yellow bars. 

Hah. South-eastern Australia and Tasmania. 

4 . CACATTTA. 
115 
a, b. Imm. sk. 

Linneaii Society. (Labelled 
as types of species.) 

c* Ad. sk. 

Australia. Purchased. 

d. Ad. sk. 
Australia* Hardwicke Coll. 
e,f. Imm. sk. Stevens Coll. 
y~/. Ad. et imm. sk. Tweeddale Coll. 

%. 3 ad. ,* /, m. Ad. S. Australia. Salvin-Godinan OolL 
et imm. sk. 

n. 3 ad. Victoria. Hume Coll. 
o. Imm. sk. 
Purchased. 

4. CACATUA. 
Type. ^ 
Plyctolophus, Vieill* Analyse, pp.26,70 (1816).. C. moluccensis. 
Cacatua, Vieill N.D. xvii. p. 6 (1817) (ex Brmon, 
Oni. iv. p. 204, 1760) C. alba. 
Psittacus, sect. Kakadoef, Cuv., Kuhl, Comp. Psitt. 


p. 31(1820). . 
Pluctolophus, Kitzsch, PterylograpUe, p. 146 
Plksolopluis, Gloc/er, Gemeinn. Hand-n. Hilfshuch, 
p. 193 (1842). 
Plictolophus, Le Maout, Hist. Nat. Ois. p. 106 


(1803), 
Eolophus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155. C. roseicapilla. 
Dueorpsius, Bp. Conipt. Betid, xliv. p. 537 (1857). C. ducorpsi. 
Lophochroa, Bp. ibid. C. leadbeateri. 
Camptolophus, Sundev. Meih. nat. Ai\ disp. Tent. 


p. 69 (1872) 
C. hsematuropygia. 
Range. Australia, Austro-Malay subregion, and the Philippines. 

Key to the Species. 

I. 
Feathers of the crest narrow, with the slender 
point recurved at the extremity. 
a. 
Crest yellow; cere naked. 
a'. Crest sulphur-yellow. 
a". Feathers of the body white. 
a"'. Larger; wing from 15-13 inches. 
a*. Naked skin round the eyes white, galerita, p. 116. 
bl. Naked skin round the eyes blue, triton, p. 118. 

b'". 
Smaller; wing about 9 inches .. parmla, p. 120. 

b". Feathers of the body white, slightly 
but constantly tinged with sulphur-
yellow ; yellow patch on the ear-
coverts very conspicuous sulphured, p. 121. 

b'. Crest orange-yellow 
eitrinocristata, p. 122. 

h. 
Crest vermilion at the base, with a yellow 
band in the middle of the vermilion part, 
white at the tip j cere feathered leadbeateri, p. 123. 
* The generic name Plyctolophus, which, according to Sundevall, is not Greek, 
was abandoned bv Vieillot himself. 
t Curier (tableau Mem. Hist. Nat. An. p. 236, 1798; Eegn. An. i. p. 433, 
1817* did not use either Kakadoe or Cacatoes as a Latin generic term, but only 
as a French name for a section of the genus Psitiacus. 

i2 

116 CACATTTIILE. 

II. Feathers of the crest broadened, and not recurved 
at the extremity. 
c'. Larger; total length from 20-18 inches ; 
feathers of the crest very long ; cere 
naked. 
e". Crest white alba, p. 124. 
d". Crest sulphur-yellow ophthalmica, p. 125. 
e". Crest vermilion molvccensis, p. 120. 
d!. Smaller; total length from 16-12-6 inches; 
feathers of the crest moderate ; cere 
feathered. 
/" . Under surface white. 
a". Under tail-coverts white. 
cA. Lores stained with red. 
c\ Naked skin round the eyes 
largely extended into a bare 
blue open space below gymnopis, p. 127. 
d5. Naked skin round the eyes 
nearly circular. 
a6. Larger; wing 10 inches ... . sanguined, p. 128. 
bQ. Smaller; wing 9 inches ... . goffini, p. 129. 

£?4. Lores white ducorpsi, p. 129. 
d'". Under tail-coverts pale vermilion, 
edged with white hcemattiropygia, p. 130. 
(/'. Under surface rose-colour; upper surface 
grey roseicapilla} p. 182. 

1. Cacatna galerita. 
Psittacus galeritus, Lath. 2nd. Orn. i. p. 109, n. 80 (1790) ; Bechst. 
Xurze Uebers. p. 89 (1811); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 479 (1811); 
Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. pp. 12, 87 (1820) ; Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 738 
(1831); Malm, Orn. Atl, Papag. t. 52 (1836); Thienem. Portpfi. 

d. yes. Tog. p. 28, tab. xiv. f. 13 (1846). 
The crested Cockatoo, White, Journ. p. 237, pi. 26 (1790); Lath. 
Gen. Syn., Suppl. ii. p. 92 (1801); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 205 
(1822). 

Cacatua galerita, Vieill. N. D. xvii. p. 11 (1817) ; id. Enc. Meth. iii. 

p. 1414 (1823) ; Wagl. Hon. Psitt p. 694 (1832); Gould, B. Austr. 
v. pi. 1 (pait x., 1843) ; Haiti. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); 
G.R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 425, n. 6 (1845); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. 
A. S. B. p. 2 (1849) ; Rchnb. Neuentd. Yog. N. JEL n. 188 (1850): 
Bolle, Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170; Plsey, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 20; 
Zuchold, Journ. f. Orn. 1858, p. 39 ; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. 
p. 94 (1859); id. Oat. B. New Gum. p. 60 (1859); Selat. P. Z. S. 
1860, p. 415; Schleg. Jaarb. Natura Art Mag. p. 182 (1861); id. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 378; Selat P. Z. S. 1864, p. 188; Schley. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 134 (1864); id. Dierent p. 82 (1864); 
Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 2 (1865); Ramsay, Ibin, 1866, 
p. 332; Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 320 (1866); Huxley, 
1\ Z. S. 1867, p. 443 (skull); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 1C0, 
n. 8391 (1870); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 466, 634, 1874, pp. 587, 
588, 591; Selat. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 60 (note); Pamsay, P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 601; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 419 ; Masters, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 274 (1878); Moseley, Not ChalL p. 352 (1879) ; 
Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 309; Salvin, Cat B. Striekl Coll p. 453 
4. CACATUA. 
117 

(1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 309 (1888); Broadh. Pr. 

R. Soc. Queensl ii. p. 154 (1885), iii. p. 30 (1886), v. p. 26 
(1887); Ratmay, Tab. List, p. 15, n. 467 (1888); Tristr. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 72 (1889) j Cox $ Hamilt. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 
(2) iv. p. 416 (1889); De Vis, Hep. So. Fxp. N. Queensl. p. 33 
(1889) j North, Deser. Nests 8? Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 250 
(1889); Rams. Cat. Austr. B., Psittac'i, p. 1 (1891). 
Plyctolophus 
galeritus, Vig. $ Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. XY. p. 268 
(1826) ; Lear, Parr, pi. 3 (1832) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. XIY. p. 108 
(1826); Gould, Syn. B. Austr. pi. — (183- ?); Bp. Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1854, p. 156, n. 2(55; id. Namyiannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt 
no. 277; SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 255; Rosenb. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 115 (part.); Nitzsch, Pterylogr. (Engl, ed.) 

p. 102(1867). 
Caeatua chrysolophus (part.), Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 182 (1831). 
Cacatoes galeritus, Guer. Icon. Regn. An., Ois. p. 23, pi. 86. f. 2 
(1829-44). 
Kakadoe sulfureus major vel australensis, Bourj. Rerr. pi. 79 (1837St>). 


Plyctolophus licmetorkynchus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 139 (1850); 
id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, n. 266; id. Naumanma, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 270. 

Caeatua licmetorhyncha, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 94 
(1859); Peh. Novara Rns., Vog. p. 99 (1865); G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 170, n. 8397 (1870). 

Caeatua 
galeritus, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigt. p. xxi 
(1863). 
Plyctolophus galeritus, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 286 (1867); Gulliv. 

P. Z. S. 1875, p. 490; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 229 (1877); Rchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. iv. f. 5 (1878-83); Leyge, Pr. R. Soc. Tasm. 1886, 
p. 237. 
Plictolophus galerita, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 192, 
n. 445 (1878). 
Plissolophus 
galeritus, Rchnw. Journ. /. Orn. 1881, p. 30 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 30). 

Adult "White, crest sulphur-yellow; base of the inner web of 
quills and tail-feathers pale sulphur-yellow, like the base of the 
feathers of the head and neck; ear-coverts sometimes tinged with 
sulphur-yellow; naked skin round the eyes white: iris dark brown; 
bill black; feet blackish. Total length 20-18 inches, wing 15-13#5, 
tail 8-5-7-5, bill 2-1*7, tarsus 1'15-1-1. 

Hob. Australia and Tasmania. 

I have not been able to examine specimens from Tasmania, 
which, on account of some little differences in the shape of the bill, 
have been specifically separated as C. licmetorhyncha (Bp.). Two 
specimens, mentioned below, have the hook of the bill decidedly 
longer and straighter. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Cape York. Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.]. 
f. Ad. sk. N.W. Australia (Jan.). J. R. Elsey, Esq. 
[P.]. 
g,h. J $ ad. sk. River Murray (Oct., Nov.). Sir G. Grey [P.]. 

118 
CACATTTIDJ3, 

i. 
Ad. sk, S. Australia. Wallace Coll. 
k. c? ad. sk., var. New South Wales. Purchased. 
/. Skeleton. T. C. Eyton Coll. 
m. Bones of the head. 
2. Cacatua triton. 
Psittacus galeritus, part., Less. Voy. Cog., Zool. i. p. 624 (1828) : id. 
Tr. oVOrn. p. 182 (spec, ex Nov. Gum.) (1831); id. Compl. de Buff,, 
Ois. p. 602 (part.) (1838); 8. Mull Verh. Land- en Volkenk. pp. 21, 
107(1839-44). 

Psittacus fculphureus, Less, {nee Gm.) Toy. Coq.y Zool. i. p. 62-5 (lb2b). 

Psittacus triton, Temm. Coup d'ceil yen. sur les poss. neerl dans 
VInde archip. iii. p. 405 (note) (1844) (Aidouma M.) (type examined). 


Plyctolophus sulphureus, Bp. (nee Gm.) Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 138 

(1850). 
Plyctolophus luteoeristatus, Bp. I. c. 
Plyctolophus triton, Bp. I c. p. 139; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, 

p. 156, sp. 264; id. Naumannia, 1854, Consp. Psitt. sp. 278; id. 
Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 537 (1857). 
Cacatua cyanopis, Blyth, Journ. As. 8oe. Beng. xxv. p. 447 (1856). 
Cacatua triton, Sclat. Journ. Br. Linn. 8oc. ii. p. 16(5, sp. 120 (lboS); 

G. R. Gr. B. Z. 8. 1858, pp. 184, 195; id. Cat. B. New Guin. 
pp. 43, 60 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 159; id. List Btttt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 94 (1859); Sclat P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 227, 371; Wall. Ibis, 
1861, p. 286; G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 ; Finsch, Ned. 
Tijdschr. Bierk. i. Berigten, p. xxii (1863) ; Sclat. P. Z. S.1864, 
pp. 160, 188; Wall P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 280, 293; Schleq. Dierent 
p. 82 (1864); id. Mus. B.-B. Psittaei, p. 133 (1864); Sclat. Ann. 
§ May. N. E. (3) xv. p. 74 (1865); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 
(1863); Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. pp. 320, 321 (1866) ; 
Rosenb. Reis naar de Zuidoostereil pp. 13, 19, 48 (1807); G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 169, n. 8387 (1870) ; Rosenb. Reist. naar Geelvinkb. 
pp. 36, 5(5, 83, 113 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Cir. Gen. yii. 
p. 753 (1875), ix. p. 11 (1876), x. p. 24, n. 1 (1877); JDAlb. 8yd?i. 
Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 19 (1877); 
Rosenb. Zool. Gart. 1878, p. 347; D'Alb. $ Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. xiv. p. 28 (1879); Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soe. N. S. W. iii. p. 250, 
n. 16 (1879); Rosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 371, 396 (1879); Salvad. 
Orri. Bap. e Mol. i. p. 94 (1880); Finsch, Voy. der Siidsee, p. 38 
(partim?) (1884); Sharpe, Gould!s B. Neio Guin. pt. xx. pi. 2 
(1885); Nehrk. Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 31; Guillem. P. Z. S. 18-5, 
p. 618; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 154 (18fr>9); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 72 (1889); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
(2) ix. p. 557 (1890); id. Aygiunte, p. 215 (1891). 
Cacatua sequatorialis, G. R. Gr. {nee Temm.) P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 
(N. Guinea, Mysol). 
Plyctolophus macrolophus, Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxiii. 
p. 45 (1861); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 45 (Mysol ai.d Salwatty). 
Plyctolophus sequatorialis/Rosenb. Journ. f. OmAS&2, p. 63 (Mysol 
and Salwatty); id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 142, 143 
(1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 116, sp. 37. 

Plyctolophus 
triton, Rose?ib. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, pp. 03, 64, 6o 
(Waigiou, New Guinea, Am Isl.); id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. hid. 

xxv. pp. 143,144, 145 (1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. i£(i4, p. \\:}; 
Bernst. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xx\ii. p. 297 (1864). 
4. CACATUA. 119 
Cacatua eleonora, Finsch, Ned. Tijdsclir. Dierk. i. Beris-ten, p. xxi 
(1863). 

Cacatua macrolopha, Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 280, 293 (Am Isl., 
Mysol, Waigiou, and Salwatty); Schleg. Dierent. p. 82 (1864;; 
Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 159 (1865) j G. E. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 1(39. 

n. 8393 ^1870); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 72 (1889). 
Cacatua galericulata, Eosenb. (nee Lath.YEeis naar de Zuidoostereil. 
pp. 99, 100 (1867). 
Plictolophus triton, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 291 (1867), ii. p. 941 (1868); 
Meyer, Sitzb. Isis zu Bresd. 1875, p. 75; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. 
Soc, Zool. xiii. p. 490, sp. 9 (1878) j Echmv. Vogelbild. in the text 
of pi iv. (1878-83). 

Plissoloph.ua triton, Echmv. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 30 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 30). 
Cacatua galerita, Eamsay (nee Lath.), Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv. 
pp. 91, 96 (1879); Sharpe, Eeport 'Alert,' Birds, p. 25 (Hammond 
Island, Torres Straits) (?) (1888); Eamsay, Tab. List, p. 15 (partim) 
(1888). 

Cacatua trobriandi, Fi/ischj Samoafahrten, p. 208 (1888). 

Adult. Like C. galerita, from which it differs in having the naked 
skin round the eyes blue, and also in the dimensions, which are 
generally smaller. Total length 18 inches, wing 13, bill 1*70, 
tarsus 1*10. 

Female. Smaller than the male. 

Hob. The Papuan Islands—New Guinea, Mafor, Mysori, Jobi, 
Miosnom, Waigiou, Salwatty, Guebeh, Mysol, Aru Islands, Trobriand 
and Normanby Islands, Louisiade Isl.; and the Moluccan Islands, 
Goram and Monawolka, where it has been imported. 

The specimens from the Western Papuan Islands (Waigiou, 
Salwatty, and Mysol), and especially from the Aru Islands, are 
generally smaller than those from the mainland, and have even been 
separated specifically as C. maoroloplia, Eosenb.; but I do not think 
that we are justified in accepting this view, especially when we consider 
the great range of individual variation. Also the birds from 
the Trobriand Islands have been separated by Dr. Finsch as Cacatua 
trobriandi, but he writes to me that now he considers this name only 
a synonym of C. triton. 

The specimen procured during the voyage of the ' Alert,' mentioned 
below, seems to belong to C. triton, but I suspect that it has 
been imported into Hammond Island. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Dorey. Wallace Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Dorey (A. E. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Waigiou. Wallace Coll 
e. S ad. sk. * Salwatty (July). Gould Coll. 
/ . 9 ad. sk. Salwatty (July). Tweeddale Coll. 
ij. Q ad. sk. Mysol. Wall ice Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Mysol (A. E. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Goram. Gould Coll. 
I $ ad. sk. Hammond Island, Torres Voy. II.M.S. i Ale:t.' 
Strait* (Aug.). 

120 CACATUIDJS. 

3. Cacatua parvula. 
Petit Kakatoes a hupe (sic) jaune, JO?Anient. PL Enl. 14. 
Le Kakatoes a huppe jaune, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 93 (partim) 
(1779). 
PPfeittacus sulphnreus, Banz. Blem. di Zool. iii. 2? p. 57 (1821); 

Halm (nee Gm.), Orn. Afl., Papag. t. 32 (nee deser. ?) (1835) ; 
Voigt, Cuv. Uelers. p. 737 (1831); Temm. Tall. Metk. p. 56 
(1839) ; id. Coup drmil gen. Ind. Arch. p. 405 (note^ (1849). 

Plyctulophus parvulus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 139 (1850)*; id. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 275. 
Plyctolophtis parvus, Bp. Beo. ei Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, 

n. 261. 
Cacatua parvula, G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 94 (1859) ; id. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 169, n. 8396 (1870). 
Cacatua sequatorialis, Sclat. (nee Temm.) P. Z. 3.1860, p. 226 (Lornbock). 
Plyctolophus citrinus, Bosenh. Journ.f. Orn. 1862. pp. 66,68 (Timor); 
id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 146, 148 (1863). 
Cacatua sulphurea, Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484 (partim?); Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1864, p. 188 (partim); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 280, 293; 
Schleg. Bierent. p. 82 (partim) (1864); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaei, 
p. 137 (partim) (1864) ; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 502 (Sunibava). 
Cacatua sulphureus, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. i. Berigten, p. xxii 
(1863) (from Timor only). 
Plictoloplms bufibni, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 300(1867) ; Bchniv. Vogelbild. 
in the text of pi. iv. f. 1 (1878-83). 
Plyctolophus (?) timorensis, Souance, fide G. B. Gr. Hayid-list, ii. 

p. 169 (1870). 
Plissolopkus butfoni, Behmu. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 30 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 30). 
Adult. Like C. triton in colouring, but very much smaller; the 
yellow patch on the ear-coverts is more distinct and it is always 
present; naked skin round the eyes white (?): bill and feet black. 
Total length 12*5 inches, wing 9, tail 4*3, bill 1*25, tarsus 0*7. 

Bab. Timor Group: Timor, Bernao, Lombock, Flores, Bumbava. 

I have seen specimens from Timor, Lombock, Sunibava, and 
Flores, and they certainly belong to the same species; therefore, I 
think that "Dr. Einsch was not right In attributing the Lombock and 
Flores birds to C. sulphurea, which is confined to the Celebes group. 

a, I. <$ 2 ad. sk. E. Timor. "Wallace Coll. 
c, d. S 2 ad. sk. Lombock. Wallace Coll. 
e. 2 ad. sk. Lombock (A. B. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Elores (A. B. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
g. Ad. &k. Elores. Wallace Coll. 

* Schlegel (Mus. P.-B., Psittaci, p. 137) states that the type of PL parvulus, 
Pp., is a specimen from Semao, near Timor, collected by S. Muller. 
4 . CACATUA. 
12L 
4. Cacatua sulphurea. 
Avis Kakatoeha, Seba, Thes. i. t. 59. f. 1 (1734). 
Psittacus albas galeritus, Frisch, Av. pi. 50 (1743). 
Cacatua luteo-cri&tata, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 206 (1700); Schleg. Dierent. 


p. 8'2 (partim) (1864). 
Lesser White Cockatoo, Edu\ Glean, iii. p. 317 (1764); Lath. Syn. i. 
p. 258 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 206 (1822). 
Psittacus sulphureus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 330, n. 04'(1788) (ex Brisson) ; 
Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 109 (1790); Bechti. Lath. Uebers. p. 89 
(1811) ; Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 480, pi. 73 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. 
Pbitt p. 87 (1820); Less. Voxj. Coq., Zool. i. p. 373 (1826); Rahn, 
Om. Atl., Papag. p. 47 (nee tab. 32) (1835); ? Dubois, Orn. Gal. 
pi. 83 (1839); S. Mull. Verh. Land-en Volkenk. p. 181 (183944). 


Cacatua sulphurea, 
Vieill. N. I), xvii. p. 10 (1817) (partim) ; id. Enc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1413, pi. 225. f. 2 bis (1823); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 182 
(partim) (1831) ; Waql. Mori. Psitt. p. 695 (partim) (1832); Hartl. 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 425, 

n. 7 (partim) (1845); ? Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 2 (1849); 
Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. L Comp ii. p. 607 (1858); G. 
P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 93 (1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1802, 
p. 322, 1864, p. 188 (partim); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 137 
(partim) (1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr. Itierk. iii. pp. 320, 321 (partim) 
(1866) ; Eraser, P. Z. S 1865, p. 227; Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. 
p. 30 (1872); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 459, 4(51, 465, 466, 1874, 
pp. 587, 588, 591, 595 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen vii. p. 644 
(1875); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 44 (Celebes, Buton), p. 145 (Togian 
Isl.); Ottley, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 462; Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 134 
(1881); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 310 (1883); Bias. Zeitschr. 
f. ges. Orn. iii. p. 195 (1886) ; Merger, Vogel-Skelett. t. xviii. (187889); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889). 
Plyctolophus sulphureus^Z^r, Lll. Parrots, pi. 4 (1832) ; Selby, Nat. 
Libr., Parrots, p. 129, pi. 14 (1836); Siu. Class.'B. ii. p. 302 
(1837) ; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 259; id. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 273; Souanci, Bev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1856, p. 225; Nitzsch, Pterylogr. (Engl, ed.) p. 102 (1867). 

Psittacus sulphureus minor vel molucceusis, Botujot, Perr. t. 80 
(1837-38). 

Cacatua eequatorialis, Temm. O.up d'ceil gen. Lnd. Arch. iii. p. 405 
(note) (1849); Schleg. Jaarb. Nat. Artis Magistra, 1861, p. 182 
(part.) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 378 (partim); Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 188 (partim) ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 280, 293 ; Q. R. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 169, n. 8395 (1870). 

Plyctolophus aequatorialis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 139 (1850); id. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 260; id. Naumannia, 1856, 
Consp. Psitt. n. 274. 

? Cacatua sulphurata, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. I860, p. 358 (Bourou 1). 
Plyctolophus sulfur eus, Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 60; id. Nat. 
"Tijdschr. Ned. Lnd. xxv. p. 139 (1863). 
Cacatua luteocristatus, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Eierk. i. Berigten, 

p. xxii (1863). 
Plictolophus 
sulphureus, Finsch, Papag. i.^. 296(1867), ii. p. 942 
(1868) ; Gulliver, P. Z. S. 1875, p.' 490; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 230 (1877); Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. iv. f. 1 (1878-83). 
Plissolophus cristatus, Rchmv. (nee Linn) Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 29 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 29). 

122 . 
CACATTTID-3E. 
Adult. Similar to 0. parvida both in size and coloration, but all 
the feathers have a distinct yellow tinge, the patch on the ear-coverts 
is of a deeper yellow and more conspicuous, and the bill is generally, 
but not always, stronger. Total length 13 inches, wing 9*5, tail 4*4, 
bill 1*5, tarsus 0*8. 

Hob. Celebes, Buton, and Togian Islands. 

a. Ad. at. Moluccas. E. Bartlett, Esq. TC.]. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Celebes. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Celebes (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
f. 
$ ad. sk. Tanette, S. Celebes (A. B. Gould Coll. 
Meyer). 
g. <$ ad. sk. Buton Island (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Moluccas. 
Purchased. 
i. Ad. sk. 
Rajah Brooke T.] . 
k. Ad. sk. [Timor.] Pui chased. 
/. Skeleton. 
5. Cacatua citrinoeristata. 
Plyctolophus citrinocristatus, Fras. P. Z. S. 1844, p. 38; id. Aim. $* 
Mag. N. H. xiv. p. 452 (1844); Bp. Compt Itend. xxx. p. 138 
(1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, n. 263; id. Nau~ 
mannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 276 ; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1856? p. 2-25, n. 100 ; Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 537 (1857). 

Cacatois a huppe orange*e, Hombr. 8f Jacq. Toy. Pole Sua7, Atlas, 
pi. 26. f. 2 (1845 ?) (type examined). 

Cacatua citrino-cristata, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 245, n. 8 (1845) ; 
Fraser, Zool. Typ. pi. 58 (1849); Jacq. # Pucker. Voy. Pole Slid, 
Zool. i. p. 109 (1853); Haiti. Journ.f. Orn. 1854, p. 105; Bolle, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1856, p. 170; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. 

p. 93 (1859) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 22G (Timor) ; Finsch, Ned. 
Tijdschr. I)ierk. i. Berigten, p. xxii (1863); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1M52, 
pp.160, 188; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 280; Schley. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 142 (1864) ; id. Dierent. p. 8'2 (1804) ; Ftnsck, Ntu-
Guin. p. 159(1865); Sclat. Ann. <$• Mag. N. H. (3) xv. p. 74 
(1865); Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 319 (18C6) ; G. R. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 169, n. 83S9 (1870); Schley. Mus. P.-B. 
Pattaci, Revue, p. 66 (1874) ; Salvad, Ann. Mu9. Civ. Gen. x. 

p. 24, n. 2 (1877) ; Rosenb. Zoolog. Garten, 1878, p. 347; Sahad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 98 (1880); Meyer, Verh. z.-b. Gesellsch. 
Wien, 1881, p. 761 (Sumba) j Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p, 513 
(1882); Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 310 (1883); Meyer, VogeU 
Skelett Taf. xix. (1878-89) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 58; Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 154 (1889). 
Psittacus chrysolophus, Temm. in Mus. Load. (Bp. Compt Rend. 

xxx. p. 138) (1850). 
Plyctolophus croceus, Homey er, Journ.f. Orn. 18f0, p. 357. 
Cacatua chrysolopha, Schleg. Jaarb. Natur. Art. Mag. 1861, p. 183; 
id. Journ.f, Orn. Ih61, p. 378. 
Plyctolophus chrysolophus, Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 66; id. 
Nat. Tijdschr. "Ned. Lid. xxv. p. 140 (1803). 
Plietolophus citrino-cristatus, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 303 (1867); Rchnzv. 
Vogelbild.t.U. f. 2 (1878-83). 
Plietolophus citiinocapillus (errore), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 639 (1868); 
Rclmw. Vogelbild. t. iv. f, 2 (1878-83), 
Plibsolophus citrinocristatus, Rch?no. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 29 
{Consp. Psitt. j). 29). 

4 . CACATUA. 
123 
Adult. While; crest yellow-orange; ear-coverts tinged with yellow 
; base of the feathers of the head and neck, and of the inner 
web of the quills and tail-feathers, sulphur-yellow; naked ring 
round the eyes whitish grey : bill and feet black ; iris dark brown. 
Total length 14 inches, wing 9*5, tail 5, bill 1-4, tarsus 0*7. 

Hob. Sumba. 
a. Ad. sk. [Timor ?] • Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. [Timor-kut?] (Purchased at "Wallace Coll. 
Surabaya.) 
c.Ad.sk. [Moluccas.] Tweeddale Coll. 
d. Skeleton. 
6. Cacatna leadbeateri. 

Plyctolophus leadbeateri, Vig. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 61; id. Philos. 
"Mag. x. p. 55 (1831); Lear, Parrots, pi. v. (1832); Setby, Nat. 
Libr., Parrots, p. 1:26, pi. 13, and irontiap. (1836); Mitch. Trav. in 
Austr. ed. 2, tig. p. 47 (1838) ; Bp. Pev. et Mag. tie Zool. 1854, 

p. 155, n. 258; id. Naumannia, 1856, Camp, Psiit. n. 272; Souance, 
Pev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 225. 
Cacatua leadbeateri, 
Wayl. Mon. Psitt. p. 692 (1832) ; Less. CompL 
de Buff., Ois. p. 603 (1838) ; Gould, Syn. B. Attstr. pi. — (head) 
(183-F) ; Gould, B. Austr. Y. pi. 2 (pt. x., 1843) ; G. P. Gr. Gen. 

B. iii. p. 425, n. 3 (1845) ; Rchnb. Neuentd. Tog. N Boll. no. 189 
(1850) ; Bolle, Journ.f. Orn. 1856, p. 170; Diggl. Oni. of Attstr. 
ii. pi. 71 (1857); G. P. Gr. Lid Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 95 (1859) ; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 188; Schleg. Mm. P-B. Psittaci, p. 141 
(1864) ; id. Dierent. p, 82 (1864); Gould, Randb. B. Austr. ii. 
p. 5 (1865); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Pevue, p. CG (1874) ; 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 587,588,591, 1876, p. 419; Diggl. Sun. 
Austr. B. ii. p. 71, pi. 71 (1877); Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 309 ; 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 310 (1888); Bamsay, Tab. Lid, 
p. 15, n. 468 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889;; North, 
Descr. Cat. Nests § Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 251 (1889); Bamsay, 
Cat. Austr. B., Psittaci, p. 3 (1891). 
Plyctolophus erythropterus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837). 
Kakadoe crista tricolorata, Bourjot, Perr. pi. 72 (1837-38). 
Leadbeater's Cockatoo, Blsey, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 26. 
Lophochroa leadbeateri, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 537 (1857); 

Finseh, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, p. xxii (1863); G. P. 
Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 170, n. 8899 (1870). 
Plictolophus leadbeateri, Finseh, Papag. i. p. 304 (1867); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 229 (1877); Bamsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.8. W. 

ii. p. 192, n. 446 (1878); Pchmv. Voyelbild, t. iv. f. 6 (1878-83). 
Plissolophus leadbeateri, Bchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 28 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 28). 

Adult. Pileum, back, wings, tail, and under tail-coverts white; 
forehead, sides of the head, neck, breast, and abdomen tinged with 
rose-colour, becoming very bright under the wings and at the base of 
the inner web of the tail-feathers; feathers of the occipital crest 
vermilion at the base, with a yellow spot or band in the centre, and 

•white at the tip : bill light horn-colour ; feet blackish ; naked skin 
round the eyes light grey : iris brown. Total length 16 inches, 
wing 11, tail 6*3, bill 1-3, tarsus 0-95. 
124 
CACATXTIDJE. 

Female. A little smaller than the male, and not so brightly 
coloured. 
Hab. South Australia, from Few South Wales, through the 
Interior to Victoria and S.W. Australia. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Australia. Zoological Society's Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir G. Grey [PA 
d. Ad. sk. Kiver Murray (Nov.). Sir G. Grey [_P.J. 
e-h. Ad. sk. Gould Coll. 
i. Ad. &k. Lake Bonney (Sept.). Capt. Sturt [P.I. 
k. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Capt. Sturt [P.". 
I. Ad. sk. Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Hume Coll. 
n. Skeleton. 
7. Cacatua alba. 
Psittacus albus cristatus, Aldrov. Orn. i. p. 668 (1646). 
Cacatua, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 204, pi. xxi. (1760). 
Psittacus cribtatus, Linn. 8. N i. p. 143, n. 22 (descr. errata*) (1766); 


JBodd. Tabl. PL Enl. p. 16 (1783) ; Gm. 8. N. i. p. 331, n. 22 
(descr. errata) (1788),* Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 108, n. 77 (descr. 
errata) (1790); Bechst. Uebers. p. 88 (1811) ; Zuhl, Consp. Psitt. 

p. 86 (1820) ; Banz. Mem. di Zool. iii. 2, p. 59 (1821); Vieili Lnc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1413 (descr. errata) (1823); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers.?- 737 
(1831) • Hahn, Orn. Atlas, Papag. t. 69 (1837) ; 8. Mull. Verh. 
Land-en Vollenk. p. 107 (1839-44); Hartl. Suit. Verz. Ges. 
Mus. p. 88 (1844). 
Kakatoes des Moluques, D'Atibent. PL Enl. 263. 
Psittacus albus, P. L. 8. Mull. 8. N., Suppl. p. 76, n. 50 (1776); 

Cass. Proc. Ac. Nat. 8c. Phihd. 1864, p. 239, n. 50. 
Kakatoes a huppe blanche, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 92 (1779). 
Great White Cockatoo, Lath. Syn. I p. 256, n. 61 (1781); id. Gen. 

Mst. ii. p. 203 (1822). 
Cacatua cristata, Vieili. N. D. xvii. p. 10 (1817); Waql. Mon. Psitt. 

p. 693 (1832); G.B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 425, n. 5 (1845); Blyth, 
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 1 (1849); Bp. Bev. etMag. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 155, n. 254; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 267 ; 
Souanci, Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 224; Bolle, Journ.f Orn. 
1856, p. 170; Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 537 (1857); G. B. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 93 (1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. I860, pp. 22b*, 
227 ; G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. I860, p. 358 ; 8clat. P. Z. S.1861, p. 305, 
366, 1864, p. 188; Bernst. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXYH. p. 295 
(1864); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 279, 280, 293; Schleq. Mus. B.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 143 (1864); id. Bierent. p. 81 (1864); Sclat. Ann. $ 
Maq. N. H. (3) xv. p. 74 (1865) ; Fitisch, Neu-Guin. p. 158 
(1865); Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 319 (1866); Sclat. 
P. Z. S.1867, p. 184; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 466,634,1874, 
pp. 587, 588, 591, 595; Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, Heme, p. 07 
* From Limit's quotations it is quite evident that bis P. cristatus is the 
Psittacus albus cristatus, Aldr. (=Kakatoes a huppe blanche of Buffbn); but in 
the description Linne, by a lapsus calami^ wrote crista plicatili flam instead of 
alba. For this reason I think that bis name ought to be discarded. 
4 . CACATFA. 125 
(1874) ; Rosenb. Heist naar Geelmnhb. p. 6 (1875); id. ZooL Gart. 
1878, p. 347; id. Malay. Arch. p. 407 (1879) ; Schmidt, P. Z. S. 
1880, p. 309. 

Cacatua leucolopkus, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 182 (1831). 
Plyctolophus cristatus, Bemi. Pr. ZooL Son. 1834, p. 41; Bp. Consp. L 


p. 7 (1850); id. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 138 (1850) ; Rosenb. Jour. 
f. Orn. 1862, p. (52; id. Nat. Lijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 141,142 
^(1863); Nitzsch, Pterylogr. (Engl, eel.) p. 102 (1867). 
Kakadoe cristatus, Bourj.Perr. pi. 82 (1837-38). 
Psittacus albo-eristatus, Bourj. Pen-., Ind. Gen. p. xlvii (1837-38). 
Psittacus orientalis, Temm. (/lee Lath.) Tabl. Meth. p. 56 (1839). 
Plyctolophus leucolophus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 138 (1850). 
Cacatua albocristata, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, 

p. xxi (1803). 
Cacatua sp., Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 160. 
Cacatua cristatella, Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 279, 280, 293 (var. 
minor) (type examined); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 169, n. 8394 
(1870). 
Plictolophus leucolophus, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 283 (1867); Rchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. iv. f. 3 (1878-83). 
Cacatua alba, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 169, n. 8386 (1870) ; Salmd. 
Om. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 99 (1880); Pleske, Bull. Ac. St. Pefersb. 

xxix. p. 523 (1884); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 562 (Batcliian, 
Bisa Isl., Obi Group); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. 
155 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889). 
Plissolophus alb us, Rchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 27 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 27). 
Adult. "White; also the crest is entirely white ; base of the inner 
web of the quills and tail-feathers sulphur-yellow; naked skin 
round the eyes bluish white: iris red or dark olive; bill and feet 
Mack. Total length 18 inches, wing 12*4, tail 7*4, bill 1*8, 
tarsus 1*1. 

Hab* The Halmahera group: Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Batchian, 
Obi Islands. 

Specimens from Kau, on the northern peninsula of Halmahera, 
are generally much smaller and have been specifically separated 
as C. cristatella, Wall.; but the difference does not seem constant, and 
besides through all the region inhabited by G. alba larger and 
smaller specimens are to be found. 

a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. sk. 
Moluccas. 
Moluccas. 
Zoological Society. 
Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Halmahera. A. P.. Wallace Coll. 
d. cJ ad. sk. Ternate. A. R. Wallace Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . 2 ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Ternate (A. B. Meyer). 
Batchian (A. R. Wallace). 
Batchian. 
Kau, N. Halmahera. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 
A. P. Wallace Coll. 

(Type of Cacatua cristatella, Wall.) 

i. Skeleton. 
8. Cacatua opMbalmica. 
Cacatua ducorpsii, Sclat {nee Hombr.) P. Z. S. 1862, p. 141, pi. xiv. 
Cacatua ophthalmica, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 188, 189; Wall 


126 
CAOiTTTIDJE. 

P. Z. S. 1804, pp. 280, 203; Sclat. Ann. $ Mag. X. H. (3) xv. 
p. 
74 (1805); id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 184; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 109, n. 8392 (1870); id. Ann. $ Mag. X. H. (4) v. p. 329 
(1870) ; Sclat P. Z. S. Ib77, p. 107; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
x. p. 25, ii. 5 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 103 (ISsO); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 07 (New Britain); Layard, Ibis, 18>0, 
p. 300; Finsch, Ibis, 1881, pp. 587, 538; Salvad. Orn. Pap. 
e Mol iii. p. 513 (1882); Sclat List Vert. An. bth ed. p. 308 
(1883); Sharp?, Gould's B. Xew Gain. pt. xx. pi. 3 (183-5); Salvad. 
Mem. It Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. loo (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. 
B. p. 72 (1889). 
Cacatua tritort, part., Schleg. Xed. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 320 
(1800). 
Plictolophus ophthalmicus, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 282 (1867); id. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 17. 
Plissolophus ophthalmicus, 
Ilthmc.Journ.f. Orn. Ifcfel, p. 27 (Consj). 
Psitt. p. 27) ; /& Vvgellild. t. xxxii. f. 6 (1878-83). 

Adult. White; long inner feathers of the crest yellow; base of 
the inner web of the quills and tail-feathers tinged with sulphur-
yellow ; naked skin round the eyes blue : bill black; feet dark 
grey; iris dark brown. Total length 19 inches, wing 12, tail 7, 

bin 1-6, tarsus 1-1. 
Hab. New Britain. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
No locality. 
No exact locality (Rev. 
New Britain. 
G. Broiv?i). 
Zoological Society. 
(Type of the species.) 
Tweedclale Coll. 
Zoological Society. 
Eev. G. Brown [C.]. 

9. Cacatua moluccensis. 
Greater Cockatoo, Edto. Birds, iv. pi. 160 (1751). 

Cacatua rubrocristata, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 209, n. 10 (17G0). 

Kakatoes a huppe rouge, DAabent PL Enl. 498; Buff. Hist. Xat. 
Ois. p. 95 (1779). 
Great Ked-crested Cockatoo, Lath. Syn. i. p. 267, n. 02 (1781); id. 
Gen. Hist -ii. p. 204 (1822). 

Psittacus moluccensis, Gm. S. X. i. p. 331, n. 96 (1788); Bet-fat. 
Kurse Uebers. p. 88 (1811); KnhJ, Consp. Psitt pp. 12, 87 (1820); 
Hahn, Orn. Atlas, Papag. t. 70 (1837); S. Mull. Verh. Land-en 
Volkenk. p. 107 (1839-44) ; Thienern. Fortjtfl. d. ges. Vog. p. 70, 
tab.xiv.f. 14(1840). 

Psittacus 
rosaceus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 103 (1790) ; Temm. Tabl. 
Meth. p. 57 (1839). 
Psittacus cristatus, Shaw Onec Linn.), Gen. ZooL viii. p. 478. pi. 72 
(1811). 
Cacatua rosacea, Vieill. N. D. xvii. p. 11 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. 

p. 1413 (1823) ; Eraser, P. Z. S. 1805, p. 227. 
Psittacus malaccensis, Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 737 (1831). 
Cacatua erythrolophus, Less. Tr. d)0m. p. 183 {1831); Thienern. 
Fortpflz. d. ges. Fog. p. 79, t. xiv. f. 14 (egg) (1852). 

Cacatua moluccensis, 
Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 093 (1832) ; Hartl. Syst 
Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 425, n. 4 
(1845); Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 1 (1849); Bp. Xaumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 208; id. Compt Rend. xliv. p. 537 

4. CACATUA. 
127 
(1857); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 93 (1839); Sclat. 

p. 142 (1864); Fmseh, Neu-Gum. p. 158 (I860); Sclat. Ann. \ 
Mag. N. H. (3) xv. p. 74 (1&65); Schley. Nd. Tijdschr. Bierk. 
iii. p. 319 (181J6); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 169, n. 8385 (1870) ; 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 419; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. 
p. 24, n. 3 (1877); Rosenb. Zool. Gart. 1878, p. 347; id. Malay. 
Archip. p. 323 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 101 (1880) ; 
Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 309; Bias. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 701 j Sclat. 
Lht Vert. An. 8th. ed. p. 388 (1883); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. 
lor. ser. 2, xl. p. 155 (1889); Tri.tr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889). 
Plyetolophus rosaceus, Lear, Parr. pi. 2 (1832). 

Plyetolophus moluccensis, Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 131 (1836) ; 
Bp. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 138 (1850); Rosenb. Jotim. f. Orn. 
1862, pp. 61, 62 ; id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. hid. xxv. pp. 140, 141 
(1863). 

Kakadoe rubrocristatus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 78 (1837-38). 
Cacatua rubroeristatus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, 

n. 2oo. 
Cacatua malaccensis, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 225. 
Cacatua riibrocrietata, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, 
p. xxi (1863) ; Schley. Dierent. p. 81 (1864). 
Plictolophus moluccensis, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 280 (1867); Lenz, 
Joum.f. Orn. 1877, p. 3(50; Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. iv. f. 4 (1878-83). 
Plictolophus rosaceus, Gulliver, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 490. 
Plissolophus moluccensis, Rchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 27 (Consp. 

Psitt. p. 27). 

Adult. Rosy white; the inner long feathers of the crest edged 
with orange-vermilion; inner web of the quills and tail-feathers 
tinged with buff-yellow; naked skin round the eyes bluish grey: 
iris dark brown; bill black; feet dark grey. Total length 20 
inches, wing 12, bill 1*8, tarsus 11. 

Mob. Ceram and Amboyna. 

a. Ad. sk. Moluccas. P. G. Gill, Esq. [P.], 
b. Ad. sk. Moluccas. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. No locality. Gould Coll. 
d. 
<S ad. sk. E. Ceram. Wallace Coll. 
e. Skeleton. Moluccas. 
f. Skeleton. 
Zoological Society. 
g. Skeleton. 
10. Cacatua gymnopis. 
Cacatua sanguinea, Sturt (nee Goidd), Trav. in Centr. Austr. ii. 
App. p. 36 (1849); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. i. p. 383 
(1877). 

Cacatua 
gymnopis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 490, 493 (cum fig. 
capitis), 1875, pp. 59, 61; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 313 (1883); 
Sharpe in Gould*s B. New Gitin. pt. xix. pi. 1 (1885); Sclat. 

P. Z. S. 1886, p. 320 ; Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 15, n. 470 (1888); id. 
Cat. Austr. B., Psittaci, p. 6 (1891). 
Plictolophus gymnopis, 
Giebel, The*. Orn. iii. p. 229 (1877) ; Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 192 (1877). 

128 CACATUIDJ2. 

Plissolophus gymnopis, Rchnic. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 25 (Co?i$p. 
Psitt. p. 25) j id. Vogelbild. t. xxxii. f.*4 (1878-83). 

White ; forehead and lores stained with red; the feathers of 
the head, hind neck, aud ahdomen stained with rosy at the base; 
the quills and the inner web of the tail-feathers pale yellow; periophthalmic 
region naked and largely extended into a bare blue open 
space below: bill whitish ; feet bluish ; irides dark brown. Total 
length 16 inches, wing 11, tail 5, bill 1-26. t-irsus 0*9. 
Hab. South Australia (and also Xorthern and X.W. Australia?). 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. st.
e, d. Ad. t-k. 
S. Australia. 
S.Australia. 
Capt. Stu.it. 
Capt. Sturt. 
11. Cacatua sanguinea. 

Oacatua sanguinea, Gould, P. Z. S. 1642, p. 138 (X. coast of Australia) 
; id. B. Austr. v. pi. 3 (part x., 1843); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. 

iii. p. 425, n. 9 (1845); Rchnb. Neuentd. Vog. N. Moll, no. 190 
(1850) ; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de JZooZ.^1854, p. 155, n. 257; id. Nanmannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 271; Elsey, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 26 ; 
ZucJwld, Journ. f. Orn. 1858, p. 39 ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 95 (1859); id. Cat. B. Neio Guin. p. 60 (1859); SeJileg. 
Jaarb. Nat. Art. Magistra,^. 182 (1861) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, 
p. 379; Sclat. P. Z.S. 1862, p. 323; id. Dierent. p. 81 (1864); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 188; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 6 
(1865); Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 319 (1866); DiqgL 
Orn. of Austr. ii. pi. 72; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 184, 1871, 
p. 492 (cum fig. capitis), 1875, pp. 59, 60, 61 (cum fig. pedis); 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 58 (1875); Sclat. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 311 (1883) ; Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 15, 

n. 469 (1888); id. Cat. Austr. B., Psittaci, p. 4 (1891). 
Plyctolophus sanguineus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 189 (1850). 
Eolophus sanguineus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 537 (1857). 
Lophochroa sanguinea, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, 
p. xxii (1863) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii*. p. 170, n. 8400 (1870). 
Plictolophus sanguineus, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 307 (1867), ii. p. 942 
(1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 230 (1877) ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 192 (1877). 

Plictolophus rhodolorus, Finsch, I. c. (note) (1867). 
Plissolophus sanguineus, Rchmu. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 25 (Cons]). 
Pt&t. p. 25); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxii. f. 3 (1878-83). 

White; base of the lores and sides of the face stained with 
patches of blood-red; base of the inner webs of the primaries, 
secondaries, and tail-feathers fine sulphur-yellow; naked skin round 
the eyes white, and with no broad naked plaque below them; 
iris dark brown; bill yellowish white; feet mealy brown. Total 
length 14 inches, wing 10, tail 5, bill 1*2, tarsus 0*95. 

Hab. Australia: X. Coast, Xew South Wales, Interior. 
This species is easily distinguished from the preceding one by 
the shape and colour of the naked skin round the eyes. 

a. $ ad. sk. Northern Australia; Dec. 14. Gould Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. Chambers [P.]. 
4 . CACA.T1TV. 
129 
12. Cacatua goflini. 
Lophochroa goffini, 
Finsch. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk i. Berigt. p. xxiii 
(1863). 
Oacatua goffini, Schleg. Dierent. p. 82 (1864); Sclat. P. Z. S.1875, 

p. 60; Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 143 (?); Biittih. Not. Leyd. Mus, 
viii. p. 59 (1885); ? Pelz. $ Lor. Ami. d. naturh. Ifofmus. 1888, 
p. 40,* Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 155 (1889); 
Hams. Cat. Austr. B., Paittaci, p. 5 (note) (1891). 
Cacatua 
sanguinea, Schleg. (nee Gould) Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 144 
(1864); id. op. cit. Revue, p. 67 (1874); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, 
pp. 194, 197, 200 (Larat, Timor-laut); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, 

p. 431; Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1884, p. 194; Forbes, 
P. Z. S. 1884, n. 431, n. 13; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889). 
Plictoloplius goftmi, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 308 (1867). 
LicmetU (?) goffini, G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 170, n. 8404 (1870). 
? Cacatua ducorp&ii, Sclat. {nee H. et J.) P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 491, 492, 
f. 2 (head). 
Plissoloplius goffini, Rchmv. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 20 (Consp. Psiti. 
p. 26); id. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. xxxii. (1878-83). 
Adult. Very much like C. sanguhwa, Gould, but smaller; the 
naked skin round the eyes " white tinted with blue, iris light red; 
bill pale blue; legs and feet dirty blue " {Forbes). Total length 12*5 
inches, win"; 9, tail 4*10, bill 1*25, tarsus 0*81. 

Female. A little smaller than the male. 
Hab. Tenimber Islands. 
The species from Tenimber Islands has been identified with 

O. goffini (Finsch) by Biittikofer of the Leyden Museum, where the 
type of the species is preserved. 
a. <$ acl. sk. Tinior-laut, Aug. 6, 1882 Tweeddale Coll. 
(II. O. Forbes). 
b,c. 3 2 ad. sk. Timor-laut, Aug. 6, 1882, JBL O. Forbes [CI. 
d. $ ad. sk. Larat, Timor-laut, Sept. H. O. Forbes [C.J. 

13, Cacatua ducorpsi. 
Cacatoes de Ducorps, Komi. $* Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. *26. 

f. 1 (1845). 
Plyctolophus du crops (!), Bp. Compt. Rendus. xxx. p. 138 (1850); 
id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 156, n. 262. 
Cacatua 
ducorpsii, Jacq. fy Pucker. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. i. p. 108, 
sp. 73 (1853) (types examined); HartI. Journ.f. Orn. 1854, p. 165 ; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 228, 1864, pp. 159,187,188,189, pi. xni. 
(nee P. Z. S. 1862, pi. xiv.) ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 280, 293; 
Sclat. Ann. $ Mag. N. H. (3) xv. p. 74 (1865); id. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 184,1869, pp. 118,124,1875, pp. 59,60 ; Sahad. Ann. Mm. Civ. 
Gen. x. p. 25, n. 6 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv. 
p. 68 (1879); id. Nature, xx. p. 125 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol i. p. 104 (1880); Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 307 ; Rams. Pr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 33 (1882) (Savo); Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 143 ; 
Sharpe, Gould's B. New Guin. pt. xix. pi. 2 (1885); Grant, 
P. Z. S. 1887, p. 329, 1888, p. 188; Woodford, P. Z. S. 1888, 
p. 249: Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 155 (1889) ; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889); Sahad. Aggiunte, p. 215 (1891). 
Cacatua ducrops, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psilt. n. 269. 
VOL. xx, K 

130 
CAOATtJIDJS. 

Ducorpsius typus, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliv. p. 537 (1857). 
Cacatua ducropsii, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 94 [1869); 
id. Cat. B. Trop. 1st p. 34 (1859). 
Lophochroa learii, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, p. xxili 

(1863). 
Cacatua sanguinea, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 144 (1864). 
Cacatua triton, part.. Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 320 (1866). 
Plictolophus ducropsii, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 311 (1867) ; id. P. Z. S. 

1869, p. 127. 
Cacatua goffini, Sclat. {nee Finsch), P. Z. S. 1869, pp. 122,124,1875, 

pp. 60, 61, pi. x.; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1877,^ p. 793. 
Ducorpsius ducorpsii, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 170, n. 8398 (1870). 
Plissolopkus ducorp.si, Reknic. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 26 (Com-p. 

Psitt. p. 20) ; id. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. xxxii. (lS7fc-fc3). 

Adult Yery much like C. sanguinea, but distinguishable by the 
entire absence of any red markings on the face, which is entirely 
white; the basal part of the crest-feathers is reddish orange, with 
a slight tinge of lemon-yellow; the naked skin round the eye> is 
nearly circular in form, and, in the living bird, of a pale blue 
colour : " iris brown ; bill and feet grey7? (Woodford). Total length 
13 inches, wing 10, tail 4*5, bill 11*5, tarsus 0*75. 

Hah. Solomon Islands, 

a. $ ad. sk. Alu. C. M. Woodford [C.^ 
b. Jad.sk. Rubiana. C. M. Woodford wC/\ 
c. Ad. sk. Solomon Islands (?). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Skeleton. 
(Specimen figured P. Z. S. 1875, pi. x., 
as C. goffini from Queensland.) 
e,f. Skulls. Solomon Islands. C. M. Woodford [O.T. 
g, h. Skulls and C. M. Woodford [O.j. 

sterna. 

14. Cacatua haematiiropygia. 
Cacatua minor, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 212, n. 11, tab. xxii. f. 1 (1760); 

Gerini, Dm. i. p. 96, t. 119; Schleg. Dierent. p. 81 (1864). 
Petit Kakatoes des Philippine*, LTAubent. PL Enl 191. 
Psittacus kamaturopygius, L. S. Midi 8. N. Suppl. p. 77, no. 51 

(1776) (ex PI. Enl. 191) ; Cass. Proc, Ac. Nat. &c. PMlad. 1864, 

p. 239, n. 51. 
Red-Tented Cockatoo, Broicn, III. p. 10, t. 5 (1770); Lath. Sgn. i. 
p. 258 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 204 (1822). 
Le petit Kakatoes a bee couleur de chair, Bitffbn, Hist. Nat Qis. 
Ti. p. 96 (1779). 
Psittacus 
philippinarum, Gin. S. 2V". i. p. 331, n. 95 (1788) (ex 
Brisson); Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 108, n. 79 (1790) ; Beckst. Kurze 
Uehers. p. 88 (1811) ; Shaw, Gen. ZooL viii p. 481 (1811); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 86 (1820); Besm. Diet Se. Nat xxxix. p. 114 
(1826); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 737 (1831); Temm. Tail MSth. 

p. 56 (1839). 
Cacatua 
philippinarum, Vieill N. I), xvii. p. 10 (1817); id. Bnc. 
MWi. iii. p. 1413, pi. 227. f. 1 (1823); Wagl Mon. Psitt p. 692 
(1832) ; Hartl. Stjst Vera. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 425, n. 2 (1845); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, 

p. 155, n. 256; id. Namnannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 270; 
Cass. Tin. St. Expl. Exp. p. 233 (1858); G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit 
Mus. p. 92 (1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. I860, p. 225 (note); Schleg. 
4 . CACATTJA. 131 

Jaarb. Nat. Art Magistra, 1861, p. 183; id. Jour. f. Orn. 1861, 

p. 3/8; Sclat. P. Z. S.1861, p. 234,1864, p.,188; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, 
pp. 279, 293; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 144 (1864); id. Ned. 
Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 319 (1866); Mart. Jour. f. Orn. 1866, 
p.'21; Sclat P. Z. S. 1867, p. 184; Wald. $ Layard, Ibis, 1872, 

p. 96; Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 67 (1874) ; Gar rod, 

P.Z.8. 1876, p. 692,1877, p. 793; Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 116 
(1881); Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p 311 (1883); id. P. Z. S. 
1884, p. 251; Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 72 (1889). 
Plyetolophus philippinarum, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 108 (1826); 
Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 131 (1836). 
Kakadoe philippinarum, Bourjot, Perr. pi. 81 (1837-38). 
Eolophus philippinarum, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 

p. 224; Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 537 (1857). 
Lophochroa minor, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, p. xxiii 
(1863). 
Plictolophus philippinaruni, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 310 (1861); Gulliver, 

P. Z. S. 1875, p. 490; Giebel, Thes. Orn. in. p. 230 (1877). 
Oacatua hsematuropygia, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 169, n. 8384 
(1870) ; Wald. §• Layard, Ibis, 1872, p. 96; Wald. Tr. Zool Soc. ix. 
pp. 132, 250 (1875); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. i. p. 312 (1876); 
Tzveedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 755, 756, 817, 1878, pp. 107, 281, 340, 
379, 937; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 313 (Sooloo Isl.); Tweedd. 
Om. Works, pp. 116, 299, 410, 529, 530, 544, 566, 587, 595, 602, 
628 (1881) ; Wardl. Rams. Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 655, n. 1 
(1881) ; Salvin, Cat. StricH. Coll. p. 453, n. 2216 (1882); Kutter, 
Jour. f. Orn. 1882, p. 176, 1883, p. 293; Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, 

p. 316; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 250, 251; Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, 

p. 192 ; Bias. Omis, iv. p. 305 (1888); Everett, Jour. St Br. R. 
As. Soc. 1889, p. 176; Whitek Ibis, 1890, p. 41 (Palawan) ; 
Steere, List, p. 5 (1890). 
Caraptolophus philippinarum, Sundev. Meth. nat Av. disp. Tent. 

p. 69 (1872). 
Plissolophus philippinarum, Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 25 
(Ccmsp. Psitt p. 25); id. Vogelbild. Taf. xxxii. £ 2 (1878-83). 

Adult White; under tail-coverts pale vermilion, edged with 
wMte; ear-coverts washed with rose-colour; inside of the crest 
tinged with brimstone-yellow, and in some specimens with very 
pale vermilion; wings and tail underneath brimstone-yellow, 
brighter on the tail; bill lead-colour, with the tip yellowish; naked 
skin round the eyes white: iris dull carmine; feet dark lead-grey. 
Total length 14 inches, wing 8'5, tail 4*6, bill 0*95, tarsus 0-85. 
Hal. Philippine and Sulu Islands. 
Specimens from different islands show some little differences in 
the dimensions. 

a. Ad. sk. Philippine Isl. Zoological Society. 

b. Ad. sk. Manila. Gould Coll. 

c. Ad.sk. Oataguan. H. Cuming, Esq.[C.]» 

d. d ad. sk. Luzon, Jan. (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
e,/. d ? ad.sk. Cebu, March, April (^L. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
g,h. d 5 ad. sk. Amparo, S. Leyte, July (A. IL Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 


K2 

132 
CACATUTDJE. 

i,k. d ? ad. sk. Valencia, Negros, Aug. (.4. S. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
I 9 ad. sk. Guimaras, March (A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer), 

m. ? ad. sk. Nipah Is., July (A. R. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
n,o. d ad. sk. Butuan, May (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
p. $ ad. sk. Surigao, May (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
a, r. Ad. sk. Sulu Islands (Burbidye). H. Veitch, Esq. [P.]. 
15. Cacatua roseicapilla. 
Cacatua 
roseicapilla, Vie ill, N. D. xvii. p. 12 (1817); Way I. Man. 
Psitt. p. 691 (1832) ; Q. JR. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 425, n. 1 (1845); 
id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 95 (1809); Schley. Jaarb. Nat. Art is 
Mayistra, 1861, p. 183; id. Journ. f. Ora. 1861, p. 379; Selat 

P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 140, 184, 1864, p. 188; Schley. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 145 (1864) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 8 (1865); 
Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh iii. p. 319 (18156); Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 634; Masters, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. ii. p. 278 (1877j ; 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 313 (1883); Salmn, Cat. Strickl 
Coll. p. 453 (1888); Ramsay, Tad. List, p. 1G, n. 471 (18S8); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 72 (1889) ; Cox £ Sam. Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N. S. W. (2) iv. p. 416 (1889) ; North, Eescr. Cat. Nests £ Eyys 
Austr. Bi?rls, p. 251 (1889); Sams. Cat. Austr. B., Psittaei, p. 7 
(1891). 
Psittacus eos, Kahl, Consp. Psitt. pp. 11, 88 (1820); Temm. 
PL Col. 81 (1823); Desm. Diet. Hist. Nat. xxxix. p. 117 (1826) j 
Temm. Tall. Meth. p. 56 (1839). 

Cacatua rosea, Vieill. Gal. des Ois. i. 2e part. p. 5, pi. 25 (182023); 
id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1415 (1823); Voiyt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 738 
(1831); Less. Tr. it Orn. p. 183 (1831): Bolle, Journ. f. Orn. 
1856, p. 170; Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ge&ettsck. Witn, 1865, p. 944. 

Hose-coloured Cockatoo, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 207 (1822). 
Plyctolophus eos, Vig. $* Mors/. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 269 
(1826). 
Cacatua eos, Less. Man. tfOrn. ii. p. 143 (182b); id. Compl. de 
Buff. ix. p. 197, pi. —. f. 2 (1837), 2nd ed. p. (52 (1838): Gould, 

B. Austr. T. pi. 4 (pt. xx., 1845) ; Rchnb. Neuentd. Voy. N. H. 
no. 456 (1850); Elsey, P. Z. S. 1857, }x2tt; Zuchold, Journ. f. 
Orn. 1858, p. 39; Diyyl. Orn. Austr. ii. pi. 73 (1876). 
The Rose Cockatoo, Sturt, Trav. in Austr. ii. pi. on p. 24 (1834). 
Plyctolophus roseicapillus, Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 131 (1836) ; 

'Finsch, Jbis, 1882, p. 393. 
Kakadoe rosea, Bourj. Perr. pi. 74 (1837-38). 
Eolophus roseus, Bp. Rev. et May. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 2oS; 

Marti Journ. f. Orn. 1854, B. p. Ixiii; Bp. Nanmannia, 1856, 
Consp. Psitt. n. 266; Souance, Rev. et May. de Zool 1856, p. 224. 
Eolophus roseicapilla, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 537 (1857); 

G. R. Gr. Mand-list, ii. p. 120, n. 8401 (1870); Broadb. Pr. R. 
Soc. Queeml iii. p. 30 (1886). 
Eolophus roseicapillus, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. i. Berigten, 

p. xxiii (1863); Sundev. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent p. 69 (1872). 
Plictolophus roseicapillus, Finsch, Papay. i. p. 313 (1867) ; Gidliver, 
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 490; Gieb. Tkes. Orn. iii. p. 230 (3877); Rchniv. 
Voyelbild. t. xii. f. 3 (1878-83). 
Plictolophus roseicapilla, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. 

p. 192, n. 450 (1877-78). 
5 . LICMETIS. 
133 
Plissolophus roseicapillus, Echnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 26 (Consp, 

Adult Crown of the head pale rosy white; upper surface grey, 
deepening into brown at the extremity of the quills, and becoming 
nearly white on the rump and upper tail-coverts; neck, all the 
under surface from below the eyes and smaller under wing-coverts, 
rich deep rosy red; under tail-coverts grey: tail grey, darker 
below: irides rich deep rosy red ; orbits brick-red; bill white; feet 
nearly dark brown. Total length 14 inches, wing 10-4-9*7, tail 5-2, 
bill 1*05, tarsus 0-85. 

Hob. Australia. 

Gould states that the birds from New South Wales differ from 
those of the TsTorth. Coast, being larger, and having the bare skin 
round the eyes more extended, and the rosy colour of the breast 
and the grey colouring of the back darker. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. st.
c. Ad. sk.
d. e. Ad. sk.
/ , g. Ad. sk.
h-h. Ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Interior of S. Australia. 
S. Australia. 
N.W. Australia. 
N.W. Australia. 
Australia. 
Australian Mus. [P.]. 
Capt. Sturt [P.]." 
Capt. Sturt [P.J. 
Gregory's Exped. 
J. P. Elsey,Esq.[PA 
Salviu-Godrnan Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Gould Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. 
n. ? Skeleton. Australia, 

5. 
LICMETIS. T 
Type. 
Licmetis, Wagl. Won. Psitt. p. 505 (1832) L, nasica. 
Range. Confined to Australia. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Smaller; naked skin round the eyes smaller, light 
blue nasica, p. 133. 
b. Larger; naked skin round the eyes broader and 
darker, of a blue-lead colour pastinator, p. 134. 
1. Licmetis nasica. 
Psittacus n&sicus, Temm. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 115 (1819); id. 
PL Col 331 (livr. 56,1825) ; Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 738 (1831); 
Temm, Tabl Meth. p. 50 (1839). 

Psittacus tenuirostris, Kvhl, Consp. Psitt. pp. 12,88 (1820); Thienem. 

Portpfianz. d. ges. Vog. p. 79 (1846). 
Long-nosed Cockatoo, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 205 (1822). 
Plyctolophus tenuirostris, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 108 (1826). 
Cacatua nasicus, Less. Man. d?Om. ii. p. 143 (1828). 
Cacatua nasica, Less. Tr. £Orn. p. 183 (1831); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 

. 
Psittaci, p. 146 (1864); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 67 
(1874). 

134 CACATTTinJB. 

Licmetis tenuirostris, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. pp. 505; 695 (1832); Sw. 
Class. B. ii. p. 302 (1837); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 425, n. 1 
(1845); Bp. Consp. i. p. 7 (1850) ; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, 

p. J 56, n. 267; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 280; SouancS, 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 225; Bolle, Journ. f. Orn. 1856, 
p. 170 j G.R. Gr.List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 96 (1859); Finsch, 
Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. i. Berigten, p. xxiii (1863); Gould, ILandb. 
B. Austr. ii. p. 11 (1865) ; G. P. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 170, n. 8402 
(1870); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 314 (1883). 
Cacatua nasutus, Less. Compil. de Buff., Ois. 2nd ed. p. 602 (1838). 
Kakadoe tenuirostris, Bourj. Perr. pi. 76 (1837-38). 
Licmetis nasicus, Gould, B. Austr. y. pi. y, (part xxvii., 1847) j 

Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 2 (1849) ; Bckmc. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 23 (Consp. Psitt. p. 23); Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16 (1888) ; 
id. Cat. Austr. B., Psittaci, p; 9 (1891). 

Cacatua tenuirostris, Schleg. JDierent. p. 82 (1864). 
Plictolophas nasica, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 316 (1867); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn.m.^ 230 (1877). 

Licmetis nasica, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 193 (1877); 
Rchnw. Vogelbihl t. IT. f. 7 (1878-83); North, Deser. Cat. Nests 
Sf Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 252 (1889). 

Licmetus nasicus, Prist?*. Cat Coll. B. p. 72 (1889). 

Adult. White; lores and a narrow frontal band red: the 
feathers of the head, neck, and breast are scarlet at the base, showing 
through the white, especially on the breast; the under surface 
of the wing washed with pale brimstone-yellow, the under surface 
of the tail also washed with brimstone-yellow, but brighter: iris 
light brown; bill white; naked skin round the eyes light blue; 
feet dull oliye-grey. Total length 15 inches, wing 11, tail 5, bill 
1*95, tarsus 0*95. 

Hob. Australia, from the Gulf of Carpentaria, through the Interior 
to 1ST. S. Wales and South Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society. 
(Type of species.) 
b. J ad.; c. Ad. Murray Eiyer, N. S. Wales. Sir &. Grey [P.]. 
sk. 
d. Ad. sk. Lake Victoria, N. S. Wales. Capt. Stmt ~P.]. 
e-g. Ad. sk. Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Skeleton. 
2, Licmetis pastinator. 
Licmetis pastinator, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p, 175 (Western Australia); 

G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 425, n. 2 (1845); Bp. Consp. L p. 7 (1850) j 
id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 268; id. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 281; SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, 
p. 225 ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 96 (1859); Gould, 
Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 12 (1865) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 170, 
n. 8403 (1870); RcMw. Yogelbild., in the text of pi. iy. £ 7 
(1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 23 {Consp. Psitt. p. 23) ; 
Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 314 (1883); Ramsay, Tab. List, 
p. 10 (1888); id. Cat. Austr. P., Psittaci, p. 10 (1891). 
Psittacus piscinator, Thienem. Fortpjlanz. d. ges. Vog. p. 79 (1846). 
Plictolophus pastinator, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 318 (1867); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 230 (1877). 
Licmetus pastinator, Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889). 


6 . CALOP8ITTACTT8. 
Adult. Very much like L. nasica, only a little larger, the naked 

space round the eyes larger and darker, of a blue-lead colour. 
Hal. Western Australia. 
I have seen some living specimens in the Menagerie of the 

Zoological Society of London; thoy show most clearly those distinctive 

characters which, according to Gould, are not so apparent in dry 

skins. 

Subfamily II. CALOPSITTACIN^E, 

6. CALOPSITTACUS. 
Type. 
Calopsitta, Less, III de Zool pi. 49 (1832) 0. novae hollandise, 
Leptolophus, Sic. Zool III pi. 112 (1832) C. novae hollandise. 
Callipsittacus, Agass. Nomencl Zool. Ind. Univers, 
pp. 59, 61 (1846). 
Calopsittacus, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soe. N. S. W. ii. 


p. 199 (1878). 
Range. Australia, except the north-eastern part. 
1. Calopsittacus uovse hollan&ise. 
Crested Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 250 (1781); id. Gen, Hist. 
ii. p. 174 (1822). 
Psittacus novse hollandise, Gm. S. N. i. p. 328, n. 84 (nee p. 316) 
(1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 102, n. 59 (1790); BechsL Kurze 
TJeb. p. 79 (1811); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. p. 452 (1811); Vieill. 
N B. xxv. p. 350 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 100 (1820); 
Vieill Enc. MSth. iii. p. 1388 (1822) j Thienem. Fortpfianz. d. ges. 
Tog. p. 74 (1846). 

Nymphicus novge hollandias, 
Wagl Mon. Psitt pp. 490,522 (1832); 
Selby, Nat Libr., Parrots, p. 186, pi. 30 (1836); Gould, B. Austr. v. 
pi. 45 (1842); Hartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 84 (1844); G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 406 (1846); Bp. Consp. I p. 2 (1850); Rchnb. 
Neuentd. Yog. N. Boll n. 186 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 
1854, p. 154, n. 195; Souanci, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 213 5 
Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 199 ,* Bolle, Journ. f. Orn, 
1856, p. 170 ; Elsey, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 27; Zuchold, Journ. f. Orn. 
1858, p. 39; Eomeyer, Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p, 360 j Bennett, 
Gath. Natural Austr. ip. 168 (1860); Finsch,Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. 

i. Berigt. p. xxi (1863); Muell P. Z. S. 1869, p. 279 ; Muss, Journ. 
f. Orn. 1869, p. 80,1870, p. 30; Gulliver, P. Z.S. 1875, p. 489; 
Biggl. Syn. B. Austr. pi. 82 (1877). 
Calopsitta guy, Less. III. de Zool pis. 49, 50 (mai, 1832). 
Leptolophus auricomis, Sw. Zool III pi. 112 (1832); id. Class. B. ii. 

p. 305 (1837); Bourj. Perr. pi. 11 (<$), 11 bis ( J ) (1837-38). 
Platycercus novae hollandi®, Vig. P. Z. S. 1833, p. 106; Schley. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 99 (1804); id. op. cit. Revue,yAQ (1874). 
Palseornis novee hollandise, Lear, Parr. pi. 27 (1832). 
Calopsitta novae hollandise, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 198 (1837), 

2nd ed. p. 603 (1838); G. R. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 85 (1855); Bolle, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 1 
(1859) ; Sclat, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 242,1862, pp. 140,185,323; Gould, 

136 CACATTJIM3. 

JSdndb. B. Austr. ii. p. 84 (1865) ; Ramsay, Ibis, 1866, p. 832; 
Selat P.Z.S. 1869, p. 627 (breeding); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. 

p. 168, n. 8383 (1870); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 465, 634,1874, 
p. 587,1877, p. 297; Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 351; Selat. List 
Vert An. 8th ed. p. 315 (1883); GoodcMld, P. Z. S. 1886, 
p. 190 j Sutton, P. Z. S. 1886, p. 211; Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 73 
(1889). 
Oacatua novse liollandiae, ScMeg. Journ.f. Orn. 1861, p. 880. 
Oallipsittacus novae hollandiae, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 260 (1867); 

Simdev. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent, p. 69 (1872) ; Gieb. Tkes. Orn. i. 

p. 530 (1872); Rchnw. Vogelhild. t.xiv. f. 5 (1878-83); id. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 38 (Consp. Psitf. p. 38). 
Calopsittacus novee hollandiae, Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soo. X S. W. ii. 
p. 193, n. 463 (1878); Salvin, Cat. "Strickl. Coll. p. 454 (1882); 
Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 10, n. 481 (18S8); Kortk, Deser. Cat. Sests 
$ Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 254 (1889); Rams. Cat Austr. B.9 
Psittaci, p. 12 (1891). 
Calopsitta greyi (errore), Rchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 33 (Consp. 
Psitt p. 38) (in syn. C. novce hollandke, 1. c). 

Adult male. Dark grey, the uropygium and the upper tail-coverts 
much lighter; forehead and cheeks lenion-yellow; crest grey, with 
the base of the feathers lemon-yellow ; ear-coverts reddish orange ; 
small wing-coverts and primary-coverts dusky, nearly black; a 
large white patch covers the median and greater wing-coverts as 
well as part of the secondaries; four middle tail-feathers mealy 
grey; primaries and lateral tail-feathers slate-grey: iris dark 
brown; bill bluish lead-colour; feet bluish grey. Total length 
12*5 inches, wing 6-5, tail 6*6, bill 0*65, tarbiis 0*6. 

Female. Paler than the male; forehead and cheeks yellowish 
grey; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts with dark grey and 
pale yellow bands; lower back, upper tail-coverts, and four middle 
tail-feathers grey, with irregular narrow whitish bands ; the lateral 
tail-feathers darker, freckled and banded with yellow: the outer 
tail-feathers yellow, with black irregular bars on the inner web. 
Same size as male. 
Hah. The whole of Australia, except North-eastern Queensland. 

a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
J. R. Reeve» "P.j. 
Purchased. 
c,d. <$ $ ad. sk.
e,f. Ad. sk. 
Australia, May, August. 
Australia. 
Sir T. Mitchell [T.~. 
Sir D. Cooper P.~\ 
g-i. J ? ad. sk. Australia (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll 
h-n. J ? ad. sk.
of p. d ad. sk.
q. Ad. sk.
r. S ad. sk.
s. Ad. sk.
t, u. Ad. sk. 
N.W. Australia, April. 
1ST.W. Australia. 
N.W. Australia. 
River Murray, Oct. 
Benke, R. Darling. 
New South Wales. 
J. R. EUy,E*q.[P.]. 
Capt. Bowyer Bower 
[P.J. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Coll, 
v, w. Skeletons, 

PSITTACIDJE. 137 

Family V. PSITTACIM. 

It is extremely difficult to define the Psittacidw by positive characters. 
They are separated from the Stringopidce by having a 
complete sternum, from the Nestoridce, Loriidcp, and Cyclo-psittacidm 
by the file-like surface on the palatine portion of the hook of the bill, 
and from the Cacatuidre by the absence of a crest (except in Nymphicus). 


They occupy a very extensive area, being distributed all over 
the intertropical regions: they are the only Parrots found in the 
Neotropical, the southern part of the JSTcarctic, and the ^Ethiopian 
regions; in the Eastern Oriental region they meet with the Cacatuid&
i and in the Australian they are found associated with all the 
other families. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

a. Tail spined ; size very small: females [p. 138. 
different from the males 1. NASITERNINJE, 
b. Tail soft. 
a'. Furcula present (except in the genera 
Psittamla and Agapornis). 
a". Left carotid superficial. 
a"\ Orbital ring often complete; 
plumage mostly green. 
aK Tail rather long, generally graduated 
and cuneated., 2. CONUMINJE, p. 145. 
¥. Tail moderate or short, not cuneated 
; cere always naked .. 3. PIONINJE, p. 267. 
b"\ Orbital ring always incomplete; 

plumage grey or black, partially 

red or with no red at all; sides 

of the head more or less naked; 

tail-feathers never acuminate j 

bill never red 4. PSITTAC1NM, p. 376. 

b". Left carotid normal, like the right 

one running in the hypoapophysial 

canal; orbital ring always incom


plete ; sides of the head feathered, 

if naked, only immediately round 

the eyeb; tall-feathers frequently 

acuminate; bill often very strong, 

and, especially the upper mandible, 

frequently red: females mostly dif-f p. 386. 

ferent from the males 5. PALM'ORNITHINE, 

b\ Furcula absent; orbital ring incomplete; 
tail rather long, graduated, often [p. 539. 
broad; bill moderate, never red ... , 6. PLATYOERQINM, 

138 PSITIACIUJE. 

Subfamily I. NASITERNINiE. 

Eill shaped as in Cockatoos, broad at the base, compressed on 
the culmen, with a strong ridge before the hook ; cere like abroad 
band, which, however, is narrower over the culmen and thickens 
round the nostrils, as in the Platycercince. Tail short, square, the 
feathers with projecting and pointed shafts. Wings long, twice 
the length of the tail, and when folded reaching the tip of the tail. 
Toes long and thin. Size very small. Sexes different. 

Range. Papuan suhregion. 

1. NASITERHA. Type< 
PsittaciiSj subgen. Micropsitta (!), Less. Tr. dIOrn. p. 646 

(1831) N. pygmaea. 
Nasiterna, Wagh Mon. Psitt. p. 498 (1832) K pygmsea. 
Micropsites, Geoffr. jSt-.HiL Cows d'Orn. Mus. Hist. Nat. 

tie Paris (1836) {fide Bourjot) N. pygmsea. 

Range. Papuan subregion. 

(Cf. Forbes, P. Z. S. 1880, pp. 76, 77.) 

Key to the Species. 

a. Under tail-coverts red .. bridjni $ , p. 139. 
I. Under tail-coverts yellow or greenish yellow. 
a'. Pileurn yellowish, or green like the rest of 
the upper parts, in one case green all round, 
blue in the middle. 


a". Breast and abdomen red along the middle. 
a!". Pileurn yellowish pygmean <$, p. 140. 
b'". Pileurn green like the rest of the upper 

parts; anterior part of the cheeks, near 
the base of the lower mandible, blue . . finschi tf, p. 142. 
b". No red colour on the middle of the breast 
and abdomen. 
c'". Pileurn yellowish. 

a1. Smaller, wing 2*3 inches; underparts 
yellowish green; pileurn yellowish, 
but not well denned all round pygmcea J, p. 141. 

h\ Larger, wing 2-52 inches ; underparts 
greener, pileurn yellower and better 
defined ." keiensis $ $, p. 142. 

d'". Pileurn not yellowish. 

c4. Pileurn entirely green, like the rest of 
the upper parts ; anterior part of the 
cheeks, near the base of the lower 
mandible reddish or rose-colour ... . finschi § , p. 141. 

d*. Pileurn green all round, blue in the 
middle aolce <$ $ ; p. 142. 
b', Pileurn with no yellowish-green colour, 
c". Breast and abdomen yellow-ochre along 
the middle; bill rather high and strong. 

1. STASITERNA. 139 
e". Pileum entirely brown; a yellow spot 

on the occiput misoriensis S, p. 142. 

f". Pileum blue in the middle mqforensis <$, p. 143. 

d". Breast and abdomen green, more or less 

yellowish; crown blue. 

g"f. Cheeks rose-reddish j crown bright blue, bruijni $, p. 139. 

h'". Cheeks not reddish. 

<?4. Cheeks tinged with blue. 

a\ Blue colour of the crown duller (?). misoriensis §, p. 143. 

b5. Blue colour of the crown brighter (f). maforensis J, p. 144. 

f%. Cheeks not tinged with blue. 

c5. Cheeks brown ochre-yellow; blue 

colour of the crown duller pusio d ? ; p- 144. 

d5. Cheeks brown, with no ochre-yellow 

tinge; blue colour of the 'crown 

brighter heccarii $, p. 145. 

1. Hasiterna bruijni. 
Nasiterna bruijni, Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 (note), 
753 (<J), 907 (2 ), t. 21 (1875) ; Sclat Ibis, 1876, p. 255; Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 25, n. 8 (1877); Oust, Bid!. Soo. Philom. 
de Paris, 1877, p. 55 ; Goidd, B. of New Guin. pt. vi. pi. 10 (1878); 
Salvad. Onu Pap. e Mol. i. p. 115 (1880); Rolmw. Vogelbild. t. 25. 

f. 1 (1878-83)5 id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 143 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 79); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 618 ; Sahad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 150 (lfe89); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 73 (1889) ; 
De Vis, Ann. Pep. Brit New Guin. p. 58 (Musgrave Range) (1890) ; 
id. Colon. Papers, n. 103, p. 107 (1890); id. Ibis, 1891, p. 28; 
Salvad. Mem. M. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 89 (1891). 
Adidt male. Green, the green feathers narrowly edged with 
blackish; pileum, cheeks, and ear-coverts buff-red; a band from 
behind the eyes encircling the pileum, nape, and a collar round the 
neck deep blue ; middle of the breast and of the abdomen and 
under tail-coverts salmon-red; the red breast on each side edged 
with blue feathers; sides and flanks green; upper wing-coverts deep 
black broadly edged with green; quills black, with narrow green 
edges on the outer webs, the inner secondaries with broader green 
edges, the last secondaries near the back entirely green; quills 
underneath blackish, under wing-coverts tinged with greenish, and 
some with yellowish; two central tail-feathers blue, with a black 
subapical spot, the remainder black, the outer three on each side 
with an orange spot at the tip of the inner webs, the first and the 
second with a bluish-olive spot at the tip of the outer web : bill 
and feet brown. Total length 3*62 inches, wing 2-65, tail 1*1, 
bill 0*32, tarsus 0-31. 

Female. Green, underneath paler, yellowish along the middle of 
the underparts ; pileum blue; cheeks and edge of the forehead 
reddish grey; throat whitish, with a greyish or bluish tinge; 
under tail-coverts yellowish green; wings and tail as in the male, 
only the outer tail-feathers have the spots at the tip of the inner 
webs yellow, with scarcely any orange tinge. Size very little less 
than that of the male. 

Eab. Arfak Mountains (and Musgrave Eange ?), New Guinea. 

140 PSITTACID.J2. 

2. Kasiterna pygmaea. 
Psittacus (Psittacula) pygmaeus, Quay 8? Gai?n. Voy. de VAstrol., 
Zool. i. p. 232, pi. 21. f 1 (J) , 2 ($ ) (1830) (type examined). 

Nasiterna pvgnisea, Weigh Mon. Bsitt. p. 631 (1832); G. B. Or. 
Gen. B. ii* p. 423 (1846); Bp. Consp. i. p. 6 (1850); id. Rev. et 
Mat/, de Zool. 1854, p. 156; id. Xaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt 

n. 232; Sclaf. Journ. Br. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 166, n. 119 (1858); 
G. B. Gr. B. Z. S. 1858, p. 195; id. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 92 
(1859): id. Cat. B. Keic Gum. pp. 43, 60 (1859) : id. P. Z. S. 1861, 
p. 437; SWdrr/. Journ. f. Orn. 18(11, p. 377; Bo^t nh. Journ. f. Orn. 
1862, pp. 03,64. 68 ; Wall. P.Z. S. 1&02, p. Jitf, l^U, pp. 'Jbl, 
293; Bobenb. Nat. Tijththr. Xed. Lid \xv. p. 2^). n. 32 (1863) ; 
id. Journ. f. Orw.l864,p. 115, n. 32; Bcrnt>t. Xat Tijfachr.XetL 
Ind. xxvii. p. 297 (1804) ; id. Xed. TijdscJtr. JDierk. ii. p. 327 
(1865); Finsch, Xeu-Guin. p. 158 (1805) ; Schleg. Xed. Tifdsehr. 
Bierk. iii. p. 331 (1800); Botenb. Iteis naar de Zuidoostereil. p. 49 
(1867); Finsch, Bapaq. i. p. 325 (1867) ; G. B. Gr. Hand-list ii. 
p. 168, n. 8381 (1870); Schleg. Xed. TijdscJtr. Bierk. iv. pp. 5, 
7 (1871); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Beuue, p. 71 (1874); Bosenh. 
Beist. naar Geehinkb. p. 56 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
vii. p. 985 (1875); Meyer, Sitzb. Lsis zu JDresd. 1875, p. 76; 
Bowleg, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 470; id. Orn. Misc. i. p. 154, pi. xix. ( $), 
xx. ($ ) (1876); Finsch,Orn. Misc. i. p. 161 (1876); Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 26, n. 9 (1877); Gould, B. of Xew Gain. 
pt. vi. pi. vii. (1878); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 117 (1880); 
Forbes, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 76; Bchmc. Vogelbitd. t. xxv. f. 2 (187883); 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 143 {Consp. Psitt p. 79); Xehrk. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 618; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) 
xl. p. 156 (1889); Meyer, Vogel-Skelett. t. xxii. (1878-89); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 72 (1889). 
Micropsitta p\srniaea, Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. ix. p. 210, pi. 1(5. 

f. 1, 2 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 607, pi. —. f. 1. 2 (1838). 
Mieropsites pygmaeus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 100 (1837-38). 
Psittacub pygmseus, S. Mull. Verh. Land-en Tolkenk. pp. 27, 107 
(1839-44); Schleg. Handl. d. Dierk. i. p. 480, pi. iii. n. 37 (1858). 
Psittacus (Sasiterna) pygmseus, ScJdeg. Handl. d. JDierk. i. p. 185. 
Psittacula pygniaea, Schleg. Bierent, p. 67 (cum fig.) (1864); id. 

Mus. P.-Bl Psittaci, p. 74 (1864). 
Nestor (!) pygmsea (sic), Bosenb. Zool. Gart. 1878, p. 347 (part). 
Nasiterna mysoriensis, Tristr. (nee Salvad.), Cat Coll. B. p. 73 

(1889) (specimen examined). 

Adult male. Green, each, feather narrowly edged with, dusky, 
underneath paler; pileum yellowish; the feathers on the forehead 
faintly edged with reddish; cheeks brown with some bluish tinge; 
the middle of the breast and of the abdomen red; under tail-coverts 
yellow, the outer ones greenish ; smaller upper wing-coverts black 
in the middle and broadly edged with green ; quills dusky, the 
primaries narrowly edged with green on the outer web, the secondaries 
broadly edged with green, the inner ones entirely green ; two 
middle tail-feathers blue, the remainder black, the outer one edged 
with green on the outer web, the three outer ones with a yellow 
spot at the tip of the inner webs : bill brown; feet paler. Total 
length 3-1 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1, bill 0*35, tarsus 0*3. 

1. NASITERNA. 141 
Adult female. Differs from the male in having the pileum more 
greenish, and the breast and abdomen green, without the red colour 
along the middle; on the brown cheeks there is no bluish tinge. 

Hob. North-western New Guinea, "Waigiou, Guebeh, Salwatty, 
3Iysol, and Koffiao. 

a~9* 6 ? ad. sL New Guinea. 

3. Nasitema finschi.* 
Nasiterna finschii; Ramsay, Pr. Linn, Soe. N. 8. W. vi. p. 180 ($), 
720 {<$ and young) (1881); Nature, vol. xxiv. p. 277 (1881), vol. 

xxv. pp. 282,356 (1882); Tristr. Ibis, 1882, pp. 138,143 ; Ramsay, 
Ibis, 1882, p. 472; Salmd. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 418, n. 1 
(1882); id. Orn, Pap. e Mol iii. p. 513 (1882); Ramsay, Pr. 
Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. vii. pp. 35, 065 (1882) j Jtchnw. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 26 (1883); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1883, p. 410; SclaL P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 347 ; Finsch, Voq. der Siidsee, p. 17 ; 8alvad, Mem. P. Ac. 
8c. Tor. (2) xl. p. 157 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. P. g. 73. 
Nasiterna mortoni, Pamsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. vii. pp. 35, 6Q6 

( 2 ) (1882); Salmd. Mem. P. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xl. p. 157 (1889). 
Adult male. Grass-green on the upper parts, paler and with 
yellowish on the lower parts ; middle of the abdomen orange-red; 
under tail-coverts yellow, the longest bluish green at the tips; 
thighs pale yellow ; anterior part of the cheeks near the base of the 
lower mandible tinged with blue; smaller and median upper wing-
coverts green, black in the middle ; quills black, edged with green 
on the outer webs; centre tail-feathers bluish green, with a very 
large black spot near the tips, the remainder black, the outer one 
green on the outer web, the three or four (?) outer ones with a 
yellow spot at the tip of the inner webs. " Total length 4*3 inches, 
wing 2-6, tail 1-6, bill 0-38 " {Pamsay). 

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the anterior part 
of the cheeks, near the base of the under mandible reddish or rosecolour, 
and no orange-red colour along the middle of the abdomen, 
which is yellowish green : " iris dark hazel; bill and feet ashcolour 
" {Richards). Total length about 4 inches, wing 2*4, tail 1-3. 

Hob. San Oristoval and IJgi, Solomon Islands. 

a. 5 ad. sk. Makira Harbour, San Oristoval, August Tristram Coll. 
{Lieut. Richards). 
* I know the following species from the description only, published whilst 
this sheet is passing through the press:— 
NASITERNA HAKINA. 

Nasiterna nanina, Tristr. Ibis, 1891, p. 60S ($). 

Female. Green, hind neck paler, underparts bright yellowish green ; forehead 

yellowish, cheeks and chin pale rose-colour; quills black, edged with green; 

central tail-feathers blue, with the shaft black, remaining tail-feathers black, 

with a yellow spot at the tip of the inner web and with a green one at the tip 

of the outer web. Total length 2*8 inches, wing 1"9, tail 07, tarsus 02. 

Hob. Bugotu, Solomon Islands, south of Is abel. 

If the type specimen is fully adult, 2V". nanina is very different from all the 

other known species by its diminutive size ; in colouring it is very similar to the 

female of J\T. finschi, which has been described as a distinct species under the 

name of X mortoni, Bams. 

142 
PSITTACIDJS. 

4. Nasiterna keiensis. 
Nasiterna pygmsea, part., ScJdeg. Xed. Tijdsckr. Dierk. hi. p. SSI 
(specim. from Arron Tsl.) (1866); Rosenb. (nee Q. et G.) Reis naar 
deZuidoostereil pp. 48,49 (Arroulsl.) (1867); Schleg. Xed.Tijdschr. 
Dierk. iv. pp. 5, 7 (partim) (1871) ; id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 71 
(partim) (1874) ; Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 371 (1878-79). 

Nasiterna keiensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 984 (1875), 

x. p. 26, n. 10 (1877); Gould, B. of Xeiu Quit. pt. vi. pi. l-'j 
(1878)j D'Alb. $ Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 29 (Fl\ 
Biver) (1879); Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 10, ri i> 
(1879); id. Oni. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 120(1880); Rchniv. Vor/elhdd 
t. xxv. f. 4 (1878-bS) ; id. Jour. f. Dm. 1*81, p. 141 {Con^p. 
Psitt. p. 77); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac/Sc. Tor. (2) xl. p. 150. 
Nasiterna aruen&is, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 985 {**t 
Schlegel) (1875), x. p. ^5, note 2 (1^77). 
Nestor (!) pygrnsea, part., Rosenb. Zool. Gart. 1878, p. 347. 


Adult male. Very much like the female of X. pygiiiaa, but 
larger, with the feathers of the pileum yellower and edged with 
reddish; the breast and the abdomen brighter and purer green, 
with no yellow tinge. Total length 3*7 inches, wing 2*52, tail 1*1. 
bill 0*37. Female. Pileum paler than in the male and with no red 
edges to the feathers. Young. Like the female. 

Hab. Key and Aru Islands, and Southern "^ew Guinea along the 
Ply River. 

5. Nasiterna aolae. 
Nasiterna 
aol», Grant, P.Z.S. 1888, p. 189, pi. x. f. 2: Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 89 (1891). 

Adidt male. Grass-green, cheeks and lower parts paler, yellowish 
green • crown and anterior part of the cheeks near the base of the 
lower mandible blue ; under tail-coverts yellow, tipped with green : 
quills black, edged with green on the outer webs; centre tail-
feathers blue, the remainder black with bluish-green tips : the three 
outer tail-feathers with a yellow spot at the tip of the inner web> : 
the first outer tail-feather green on the outer web: :i bill black: 
legs grey; iris red (!) " ( Woodford). Total length about 3*9 inches. 
wing 2*4, tail 1*15, bill 0*35, tarsus 0-33. 

Adult female. Like the male, but a little smaller and with the 
anterior part of the cheeks, near the base of the lower mandible, 
and the chin reddish. 

Hab. Guadalcanal1, Solomon Islands. 

a, bj c. J 5 a&' sk- Aola, Guadalcanal*, June, April. C. M. Woodford "C.~. 
(Types of species.) 

6. Nasiterna misoriensis. 
Nasiterna pygmsea geelwinldana, part., Schleg. Xed. Trjdschr. Dierk. 
iv. p. 7 (18/1); Rosenb. Reist naar Geelvuikb. p. 137 (partim). 
1 . JSTASITEENA. 
143 
Nasiterna geelwinkiana, p*vtv Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 71 
(1874) (specimen from Soek) j Meyer, Siizb. d. Isis zu Dresd. 1875, 

p. 76 (partim); Finsch, Bowl. Orn. Misc. i. p. 160 ($ et jun. from 
Kordo) (1876); Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 714' (partim) 
^ (1875); Bosenb. Zool. Gart 1878, p. 347 (partim). 
Nasiterna misoriensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 909 (1875), 

x. p. 26, n. 11 (1872); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 122 (1880) ; 
Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxv. f. 6 (1878-83); id. Jcmrn. f. Orn. 188J, 
p. 142 (Consp. Psitt. p. 78); Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xl. 
p. 157(1889). 
Nasiterna 
misorensis, Sclat. Ibis, 1876, p. 858 j Gould, B. of New 
Qvin. pt. vi. pi. 9 (1878). 

Adult male. Green; head entirely brown, except a yellow spot on 
the occiput; a bluish collar scarcely perceptible round the neck; 
middle of the breast and abdomen ochre-yellow; under tail-coverts 
yellow; upper wing-coverts black, broadly edged with green ; quills 
as in N. pygmrea; two centre tail-feathers blue, with the shaft 
black, the remainder black, with the outer web edged with green 
towards the base and wiih blue towards the tip ; at the tip of their 
inner web there is a yellow spot: bill dusky, rather strong and 
deep ; feet dusky: " irides orange-red" (BecGari). Total length 
3-55 inches, wing 2-45 to 2*3, tail 1*2, bill 0-38, tarsus 0-34. 

Female. Green, middle of the underparts greenish yellow; pileum 
brown, each feather edged with blue ; cheeks brown, with the 
edges of the feathers slightly tinged with blue; under tail-coverts 
yellow; tail and wings as in the male. 

Hob. Misori Islands, Geelvink Bay. 

7. Fasiterna maforeusis. 
Nasiterna pygmsea geelwinkiana, part, Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. JDierk. 
iv. p. 7 (1871); Bosenb. Beist. naar Geehinkb. p. 137 (partim) 
(1875). 
Nasiterna geelwinkiana, part., Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue, 

p. 71 (1874) (specimens from Mafor); Meyer, Sitzsb. d. Isis zu 
Dresd. 1875, p. 76 (partim) ; Bowl P Z. S. 1875, p. 470 ; id. Orn. 
Misc. p. 153, pi. xviii. <$ J (1876); Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. 
p. 714 (partim) (1875); Bosenb. Zool Gart. 1878, p. 347 (partim). 
Nasiterna pyginaea, Bosenb. (nee Q. fy G.) Beist. naar Geehinkb. 
p. 36 (1875). 
Nasiterna maforensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 908 (1875); 
Sclat Ibis, 1876, p. 358; Salvad. I c. x. p. 26, n. 32 (1877); 
Gould, B. of Neio Gum. pt. vi. pi. 8 (1878); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol i. p. 1*24 (1880); Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxv. f. 3 (1878-83); 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 142 [Consp. Psitt. p. 78) ; Salvad. Mem. 

B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xl. p. 157 (1889). 
Adult male. Green, pileum brown, the feathers edged with 
bright blue; a pale yellow spot on the occiput, scarcely visible; 
cheeks brown, with the edges of the feathers bluish ; throat greenish 
brown, the feathers edged with bluish; middle of the breast 
and abdomen yellow, with an ochreous tinge; under tail-coverts 
lemon-yellow; wings as in N. misoriensis; two central tail-feathers 


144 
PSITTACIDJE. 

blue "with the shaft black, the remaining tail-feathers black, with 
the outer webs green towards the base, blue towards the tip, and 
with a yellow spot at the tip of the inner web : bill very deep arid 
strong, 'dusky like the feet. Total length 3*55 inches, wing 2*3, 
tail 1-2, bilfO-38, tarsus 0-34. 

Female. Like the female of N. mi&oriensis, green; middle of the 
imderparts greenish yellow ; pileum brown, each feather with blue 
edges; cheeks brown, with the edges of the feathers slightly tinged 
with blue; under tail-coverts yellow; wings and tail as in the male. 

Hal. Mafor Island, Geelvink Bay. 

8. Nasiterna pusio. 
Nasiterna 
pusio, Sclat. P. Z. S. lotJo, p. 020, pi. 36 ; Finsch. 
Papag. i. p. 327 (1867); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1-09, pp. 124, 12<j; 

G. A Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 108, n. 8S&2 (1870) ; SJiley. Xed. 
Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 5 (1871) ; Ramsay, Fr. Linn. Sue. N. S. W. 
i. p. 67 (1876); Roiol. Orn. MUc. i. p. loo, pi. xxi. (1870); Finsch, 
Om. Misc. i. p. 163 (1876) ; Ramsay, Fr. Linn. SJC S. S. W. i. 
p. 393 (187(3); Sclat F. Z. S. 1877, p. 108, n. 38; Salvad. Ann. 
Mils. Civ. Gen. x. p. 26, n. 14 (1877) ; Gould, B. of Xew Gain. 
pt. vi. pi 12 (1878); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 289; Camerano, Atti 
R. Ac. Sc. Tor. xiii. p. 301, pi. xvi. (1878); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 11; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e. Mol. i. p. 127 (1880); Fichmc. Toyelbild. 
t. xxv. f. 5 (1878-88); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 141 (Cony). 
Fsitt. p. 77); Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 140; Sclat. ibid, note ; Tristr. 
1. c. p. 143, n. 63 ; Ramsay, Ibis, 1882, p. 473; Salvad. Orn. Pap. 
e Mol. iii. p. 514 (1882) ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1883, p. 347; Finsch, Toy. 
d. Sildsee, p. 17 (New Britain); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (18^9); 
id. Ibis, 1889, p. 5?>7 (St. Aignanlsl.) ; Salvad. Mem. It Ac. Sc. 
Tor. (2) xl. p. 157 (1889), xlii. p. 89 (1891). 
Nasiterna pygruasa salomonensis, Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. 

p. 1 (1871).^ 
Nasiterna pusilla, Ramsay, Fr. Linn. Soc. X. S. IV. ii. p. 104 (1^77), 
iii. p. 251 (1879), iv. p. 96 (1879); Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 3*0; id. 
Om. Fap. e Mol. i. p. 128 (1880); Rchmc. Jour. f. Orn. Ib81. 
p. 142 (Consp. Fsitt. p. 78); Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. 
p. 425 (1882) ; Ramsay, Ibis, 18b2, p. 473; Salvad. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 418, n. 2 (1882); id. Orn. Fap. e Mol. iii. 
p. 514 (1882); Rchmo. Vogelbild. Xachtr. 27 (1883); Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xl. p. 157 (1889). 
Adult male. Green, paler underneath, and yellowish along the 
middle of the breast and of the abdomen ; forehead, sides of the 
head, and chin ochre-yellow, crown dull blue; under tail-coverts 
yellow, the outer ones tinged with green: upper wing-coverts 
black, broadly edged with green; quills dusky, primaries edged 
with green on the outer webs; under wing-coverts yellowish ; two 
central tail-feathers blue with a black subapical spot, the remainder 
black, edged with green on the outer webs, and with a yellow spot 
at the tip of the inner web: bill and feet dusky. Total length 
3-3 inches, wing 2-45 to 2*6, tail 1, bill 0*31, tarsus 0*28, 

Female. Like the male, but forehead and cheeks paler. 
Eab. Duke of York Islands, New Britain, St. Aignan's IsL, and 

S.E. New Guinea. 
1. 1USITERNA. 
145 
a. 
Ad. sk. [Solomon Islands.] P. L. Sclater [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b-c,d. <$ $ ad. Duke of York Island, Jan., 
sk. 
Oct. {Rev. G. Brown $ Hr. 
Kleinschmidt). 


e. § ad. sk. 
Duke of York Island (G. E. Tristram Coll. 
Richards), 
f g. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mountains. A. Goldie [0.1 
h, i. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. A. Goldie [C.j. 

9. ^asiterna beccarii 
Nasiterna beccarii, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 896 ($) 
(1876), x. p. 26, n. 13 (1877); id. Atti R. Ace. 8c. Tor. xiii. 

p. 113 (1878); Gould, B. of New Gtrin. pt. vi. pi. 11 (1878); Salvad. 
Ibis, 1879, p. 320; id. Orn. Rap. e Mol. i. p. 125 (1880) ; Rchnw. 
Jburn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 142 (Consp. Rsitt. p. 78); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr! 27 (1883); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xl. 
p. 157 (1889). 
Adult female, Green, underparfcs much lighter; middle of the 
crown dull blue; edges of the feathers black; forehead and sides of 
the head brown; sides of the nape greenish brown; two centre 
tail-feathers blue, with a black spot near the tip ; lateral rectrices 
black, edged externally with green and with a yellowish-orange 
spot at the tip of the inner web. Size of N.pygmcea. {Mtis. Civ. 
Genova.) 

Hob. The coast of Geelvink Bay, south of Dorey, New Guinea. 
The brown cheeks and sides of the head distinguish at once this 
species from N. pusio, to which it is nearly allied. 

Subfamily II. CONURINJB. 

Tail graduated and generally long, with the feathers tapering 
to a point, and the two central ones always the longest. Bill strong, 
deeper than long, except in TIenicognathus, generally without notch, 
and furnished on the palatine surface of the hook with a file-like 
surface; culmen flattened and grooved, or rounded and smooth. 
Cere, surrounding like a band the whole base of the bill, naked or 
sometimes covered with feathers; nostrils exposed or sometimes 
hidden by feathers ; orbital ring in many genera complete. Plumage 
mostly green, in some species yellow or blue. No crest. Bill brown, 
horn-colour or whitish, never red; only in a few species pale 
reddish. Sexes alike, except in the genus Psittaeula. 

Range. America, from Carolina to Patagonia. 


VOL. xx. 

146 
PSITTACIDJS* 

Key to the Gtnera. 

a. 
General colour above and "below blue. 
a'. Lores feathered; orbital ring incom- [p. 14/. 
plete 2. ANODORHYNCBXS, 
h\ Lores naked; (orbital ring incomplete ?) 3. CYANOPSITTACUS, 

b. Underparts never blue Cp* *-0®' 
c'. Orbital ring complete; furcula present. 
a". Lores, and, more or less, also the 
cheeks naked 4. An\, p. 130. 
b". Lores feathered. 
a'". Bill much compressed; lower 
mandible flattened and grooved in 
front; cere feathered 5. RHYNCHOPSITTACUS, 

bf". Bill not compressed, rather [p« 1^8. 
swollen on the sides; lower mandible 
broad, not grooved. 

a4. Fourth primary attenuated, nostrils 
exposed; ambiens muscle 
always well developed(#armf). 6, OONUEXJS, p. 170. 

54. Fourth primary not attenuated. 
a5. Cere feathered; nostrils 
hidden. 
a6. Tail never entirely red. 
a7. Bill of moderate size. 
a8. Upper mandible sharply 
notched 7. CONUROPSIS, p. 203. 
b8. Upper mandible not 
sharply notched 8. CYANOLYSETJS, p. 205 
U1. Bill very high, with the 
lower mandible very 
broad 9. GNATHOSITTACA, 

IP. Tail entirely dull red. 
[p. 208. 

c7. Upper mandible abnormal, 
very long and nearly [p. 209. 
straight 10. HENICOGNATHUS, 

<F. Upper mandible normal. 11. MICBOSITTACE, p. 210. 
b5. Cere naked; nostrils exposed; 
tail frequently brown-red; 
ambiens muscle lost (Garrod) 12. PYBBHUBA, p. 211. 

d'. Orbital ring incomplete., 
c". Bill rather swollen on the sides; 
culmen rounded; oil-gland tufted . 
c'". Furcula present. 
c4. Nostrils hidden by the feathers 
at the base of the bill projecting 
forwards 13. MYOPSITTACXTS, p. 23L 
d*. Nostrils exposed and open in a 
cere much swollen all round .. 14. BOLBOBHYNCHTTS, 
d"f. Furcula absent; tail rather short; [p. 233. 
sexes different 15. PSITTACULA, p. 240. 

d!\ 
Bill rather compressed; nostrils open 
in a cere naked all round the base 
of the bill; no tufted oil-gland .... 16. BBOTOGEBYS, p. 253. 

2 . ANODORHYNCHUS. 
147 
2. ANOBOEHYNCHUS. 
Type. 
Anodorhynclms, Spiv, Av. Bras, i. tab. xi.* (1824). A. hyacinthinus. 
Aodorhynehus, /§;&, ^ . ^ras. i. p. 25 (1824). 
Sifctace, part, JJ%/. Mori. Psitt p. 499 (1832). 
Anodontorhynehus, Agassiz, Nomencl. Zoo/. Index 

Univ. p. 24 (1846). 
Anadorhynchus, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 387 (1807). 
Anoplorhynchus, Sundev. Meth. Nat. AD. disp. Tent. 


p. 70 (1872) A.hyaeinthinud. 
Range. Central Brazil and Paraguay. 
Key to the Species. 

a. Nearly uniform cobalt-blue 
hyacinthinus^ p. 147. 
b. 
Cobalt-blue; bead, neck, and also lower parts 
greenish blue kn , p. 148. 
c. 
Greenish blue; bead and neck with a distinct 
greyish tinge, darker on the cheeks, throat, and 
upper breast glauciis, p. 149. 
1. Aiiodorhpichus hyacinthinus. 
Psittacus hyacinthinus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 84, n. 5 (1790); 
Bechst. Lath. TJeb. p. 66, n. 7 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 16 
(1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 724 (1831). 

Psittacus augustus, Shaw, Mm. Lever, p. 59, pi. 2 (1792); id. Nat. 
Misc. xv. pi. 609 (1804) ; id. Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 393 (1811). 
Hyacinthine Maccaw, Lath. Gen. Svn. Suppl. ii. p. 80 (1802): id. 
Gen. Hist. ii. p. 109 (1822). 

Maeroeereus 
hyacinthinus, Vieill N. D. ii. p. 260 (1816) ,* id. Fnc. 
M&th. iii. p. 1416 (1823); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 186 (1831) j Burm. 
Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 159 (1856); Bates, Natur. on the Amaz. i. p. 133. 

ii. p. 138 (1863), 5th ed. pp. 68, 228 (1879).^ 
Anodorhynchus maximiliani, Spix, Av. Bras. i. tab. xi. (sine descr.) 
(1824) ; Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 114 (1826). 
Aodorhynchus maximiliani augusti, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 25 
(1824). 
Maeroeereus ? augustus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 113 (1826). 
Sittaee hyacinthina, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 676 (1832) ; Finsch, 

Papag. i. p. 389 (1867), ii. p. 942 (1868); Peiz. Orn. Bras. 
pp. 254, lii (Rio Araguay, Rio das Flechas, Ribeirao das Flechas, 
Natterer) (1871) ; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 31; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 495 
(1877); Bchnw. Yogelbild. t. ix. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Journf. Orn. 
1881, p. 265 (Consp. Psitt. p. 153); Peiz. <§• Lor. Ann. naturh. 
Hofmus. 1888, p. 38. 

Psittacara cobaltina, Bourj. Perr. pi. 16 (1837-38). 
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, G. P. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 51 (1840); 
Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 149, n. 1; SouancS, Rev. et 

* $£r. Waterhouse (Ind. Gen. Av. p. 11) quotes p. 47 of Spix's work, where I 
cannot find mentioned the genus Anodorhynchus ; curiously enough also Spix, 
who spells it Aodorhynchus, in the Index of the first volume of his work, by 
misprint quotes p. 48 instead of 25. 
L & 

148 
PSITTACmaE. 

Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 56• Bp. Xaitmannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt 

n. 1; Finsch, Ned. Tijdsch. Dierk. i. Berigt. p. xiii (1863); Soma, 
Mm. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 7 (Peru!) (1869) ; G. R. Gr. Handist, 
ii. p. 145, n. 8086 (1870) ; Simdev. Meth. Nat av. disp. Tent. 
p. 70 (1872). 
Araras hyacinthinus, Brehm, Mori. d. Papag. t. 4 (1842); Schleg. 
Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 2 (1864) ; id. op. at. Remit, p. 1 (1874). 
Anadorhynchos maximiliani, Brehm, Man. d. Papag. Heft iii. p. 11 
(1842). 
Ara hyacinthina, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 11 (1845) ; Hartl. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1851, p. 41; G. R. Gr. List P^itt. Brit. Mus. p. 29 
(1850); Schleg. Dierent, p. 80 (with figure) (1304) ; tided. -V 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 587, 505 (Tocantm* and Tapajos); Sclat 
4-Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. Il l (1873); Sdat. P. Z S. 1875, 

p. 643, 1878, p. 976, 1879, p. 551; id. List Vert. An. Sth eel 
p. 338 (1883); Biker, Auk, IfeOO, p. 131. 
Ara hyacinthe, Castehi. Exped. Hist. Voy. i. p. 440 (1850) (Araguay); 
Des Mnrs, in Castehi. Exjy. Am. du Sud, Ois. p. 12 (1855). 
Blue Macaw, Wall. Travels, p. 75 (1853). 
Ara liyacinthinus, Hartl. Joum.f. Orn. 1859, p. 257. 

Adult Cobalt-blue, nearly uniform, head and neck a little 
lighter; underparts duller; inner webs of the quills towards the 
base, greater under wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers underneath 
black ; naked skin round the eyes and at the base of the 
under mandible yellow: iris brown; bill black; feet blackish. 
Total length about 34 inches, wing 15, tail 20*5, bill 3*6, tarsus 1*4. 

Hah. Central Brazil and Mattogrosso. 

a. Ad. sk. Interior of Brazil. Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Amazons. Sarrin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Tapajos (Bates). Purchased. 
d. Skeleton. 
2. Anodorhynchus leari. 
Macrocercus hvacinthinus, 
Yieill. Gal. des Ois. pi. 24 (but not the 
test) (1823)"; Lear, Parrots, pi. 9 (1832). 
? Ara hyacinthe, Less. Compl. de Buff. p. 201 (part.), pi. 29. f. 1 
(1837). 
Macrocercus (Cyanopsitta) glaucus, var., Souanee, Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1856, p. 57. 
Anodorhynchus leari, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 2 ; 
Souanee, Icon. Perr. pi. i. f. 1 (1857j ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 145, n. 8088 (1870). 
Ara leari, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mas. p. 30 (1859); id. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 338 (18S3) ; id. P. Z. S.1866, p. 417. 
Ara glauca, Sclat (nee Vieill.) P. Z. S. 1860, p. 372; id. List Vert. 
An. (1877), p. 240; id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 976. 
Sittace leari, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 392 (1867); Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 254 (note) (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 495 (1877) ; Rchnw. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 265 (Consp. Psitt. p. 153); id. Vogelbild. 
Nacktr." 71 (1883). 
Adult male. Cobalt-blue; head, neck, and lower parts greenish 
blue; back, scapulars, and wing-coverts with narrow paler edges ; 

2 . AUrODOBHYNCHTTS. 
H 9 
the feathers of the abdomen distinctly edged with bluish green • 
inner webs of the quills towards the base, greater under vvingcoyerts, 
and quills underneath blackish grey; tail underneath 
black; naked skin round the eyes and at the base of the lower 
mandible yellow; iris black; bill black; feet blackish. Total 
length 28-5 inches, wing 13-8, tail 16, bill 3, tarsus 1-3. 

Sab. Probably some part of Brazil. 

a. 
d ad. sk. Brazil? (Zool. Soc. Gard.). Sclater Coll. 
3. Anodorhynchus glaucus. 
Guacamayo azul, Azara. ApimL Hist, nat Parag. i. p. 402, n. 273 

(1802). 
Gnacamayo bleu, Azara, Voy. (ed. Sonn.), iii. p. 53 (1800). 
Macrocercus glaucus, Vieill N. JD. ii. p. 250 (1816); Burm. Sust. 

Ueh. ii. p. 100 (1856). 

Macrocercus hyaeinthinus, part., Vieill. Gal. Ois. pt. 2, p. 3 (1823 ?J; 
id. JSnc. Meth. iii. p. 1416 (partira) (1823); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 186 
(partim) (1831). 

Sittace 
glauca, Waql. Mon. Psitt. p. 076, t. xxvi. (1832) ; Finsck, 
Papag. i. p. 301 (1867); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 254 (note) 
(1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 495 (1877); Rchmo. Vogelbild. 

t. ix. f. 1 (1878-83); id. Journ./. Orn. 1881, p. 206 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 154). 
Psittacara glauca, Bourj. Pen\ pi. 14 (1837-38). 
Psittacus glaucus, Kahn, Orn. AtL, Papag. p. 97, t. 76 (1840). 
Aia glauca, G.B. Gr, Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 12 (1845); id. ZiU 
Psitt Brit Mm. p. 30 (1859) ; Sclat fy Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. Ill (1873) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 551,1886, pp. 320, 
417 ; Berl Journ. f. Orn. 1887, p. 121. 

? Ara hyacinthe, Des Murs, in CaUeln, Exp. Am. du Sud, Ois. p. 11 
(Paraguay) (1855). 
Macrocercus (Cyanopsitia) glaucus, Bp. JRev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, 

p. 149, n. 2 ; Souanc£,lfrv. et Mag. de Zool 1856,'p. 56. ^ 
Anodorhynchus 
glaucus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. no. 8 ; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. i. f. 2 (1857) ; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 145, n. 8087 (1870). 
Arara 
glauca, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 2 (1864) j id. op. cit. 
Revue, p. 1 (1874). 

Adult male. Greenish blue, head and neck with a distinct greyish 
tinge, cheeks, throat, and upper breast tingod with brownish; the 
underparts and under wing-coverts greener; greater under wingcovorts, 
inner web of the quills towards the base, quills and tail-
feathers underneath blackish : naked skin round the eyes and at the 
base of the lower mandible yellow ; bill black; feet blackish. 
Total length about 29 inches,"wing 14*5, tail 15, bill 2*7, tarsus 
1-22. 

Hob. Paraguay, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Paraguay. Massena Coll. 
h. 
<$ ad. sk. Paraguay. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
150 
PSITTACIB^;. 

3. CYANOPSJTTACUS. . Type > 
Macrocercus, subgen. Cyanopsitta, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool 1854, p. 149 0. spixi. 
Range, Province of Bahia. 

1. Cyanopsittacus spixi 
Arara kyaeinthinus, Spiv (nee Lath.), Av. Bras. i. p. 25 (1824), 
Ara kyaeinthinus, Spiv (nee Lath ), Av. Bra*, i. tab. xxiii. (1824). 
Sittace spixii, Wag I. Mon. Psitt. p. 675 (lb32); Finsch, Papag* 


i. p. 893 (1867), ii. 2, p. 942 (1808) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 254 (note) 
(1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. hi. p. 497 (1877); Rehnw. Journ. f. 
Orn. 1881, p. 266 (Consp. Psitt. p. 154); id. Yoyelhild. Xacktr. 72 
(1883). 
Psittacus hyacintkinus, Halm (nee Lath.), Orn, All., Papag. p. 40, 

t 25 (1834). 
Psittacara glauca minor, var. A, Bourj. Perr. pi. 15 (1837-38). 
Arara hyacinthiacus, Brelim, Mon. d. Papag. t. 6 (1842). 
Ara spixii, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 13 (1845); id. List 
Psitt. Brit. MILS. p. 30 (1859) ; Sclat. # Salv. Numencl. Av. 
Neotrop. p. Il l (1873); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 976, pi. Ixi., 1879, 
pp. 300, 551; Forbesj Ibis, 1881, p. 316; ? Garlepp, Journ./. Orn. 
1889, p. 290. 

Macrocercus (Cyanopsitta) spixi, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854? 

p. 149, n. 3 ,* Soaanci, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, pp. 56, 57. 
Arara spixi, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. no. 4 ; G.R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p:<145, n. 8089 (1870). 
Macrocercus spixii, Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 160 (1856). 

Adult male. General colour blue, head and neck greyish blue, 
forehead and ear-coverts more grey ; feathers of the back and rump, 
upper and under tail-coverts, and upper wing-coverts with narrow 
paler edges; breast and abdomen with a slight greenish tinge, each 
feather with paler edges; inner web of the quills, greater under 
wing-coverts, quills and tail-feathers underneath blackish : iris light 
yellow; naked skin round the eyes (and naked lores) black (Selater); 
bill black; feet blackish. Total length about 22 inches, wing 11, 

tail 13-5, bill 1-4, tarsus 0-8. 
Female. Like the male, only somewhat smaller. 
Hab. Eio San Francisco, prov. of Bahia (Spix). 
a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Massena Coll. 
b. $ ad. sir. Brazil {Zool. Soc. Gard.). Sclater Coll. 

4. 
AEA. 
Type. 
Ara, Cuv. Leg. d'Anat. Comp. tab. ii. (1799). A. macao. 
Paracus, Rajinesque, Analyse, p. 6o (1813). 
Macrocercus, Vieill. Analyse, pp. 26, 70 (1816) A. macao. 
Arara, Spiv, Av. Bras, i, p. 23 (1824) (=Ara, Cuv.); 
Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 1 (1864). 
Sittace, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 499 (1832). 
Macrocircus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 299 (1837). 
Araclanga, Glog. Hand- u. Hilfsbuch der Naturq. v. 193 
(1842) ( = Ara). 

4 . AEA. 151 
Macrocercus, subgen. Ararauna, Bp. Mev. et Mag. de TyPe-
Zool 1854, p. 149 A. ararauna. 
Macrocercus, subgen. Araeanga, Bp. Mev. et Mag. de 

Zool. 1854, p. 149 A. macao. 
Primolius, Bp. Compt. Rendus. xliv. p. 596 (1857) A, auricollis. 
Paranus, Mqfinq. (errore), G. M. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 144 

(1870). 

Mange. Erom -Mexico to South America as far as Bolivia and 
Paraguay. 


Key to tlie Species. 

•^sr-i/^wJer-ba^ under tail-eoverts^"^"""*'* 
a'. General colour not green. 

a". Upper parts blue, underparts yellow. 
a'". Throat black ararauna, p. 152. 
V". Throat green caninde, p. 153. 

b". Upper and under parts red. 
c'". Cheeks and lores naked; larger, wing 
15-15*5 inches; nape red. 


a4. Cheeks with no feathered lines ; general 
colour vermilion-red; middle 
wing-coverts chrome-yellow ?nacao, p. 154. 

b4-. Cheeks with feathered lines; general 
colour darker red or crimson, the 
middle wing-coverts green chloroptera, p. 156. 

df". Cheeks naked; lores partly feathered; 
wing 11 inches; nape yellow tricolor, p. 157. 
b\ General colour green. 
c". Lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
light blue. 

e'". General colour greener; lower back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts brighter 
blue; smaller, wing 14 inches milifaris, p. lo8r 

/'" . General green colour yellower; lower 
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
paler blue ; larger, wing 16 inches .. ambigua, p. 160. 

d". Lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
green; wing 12*3-6*5 inches. 
g'". A red long patch behind the ears; tail 
green, bluish towards the end rubrigena, p. 16L 
h'". No red patch behind the ears. 
c4. Tail above brown-red towards the 
base. 
a\ Quills and tail-feathers dark red 
below severa, p. 1(31. 
b5. Quills and tail-feathers golden 
olive below. 
a®. No yellow colour on the hind 
neck. 

a1. Forehead rose-red; a red patch 
on the lower back, and another 
on the middle of the 
abdomen maraeana, p. 163. 

h7 

. No red colour on the forehead 
and no red patches couloni, p. 164. 
¥. A yellow collar on the hind neck, auricollis, p. 165. 

152 
PS1TTACIDJ?, 

d\ Tail above green, with no brown-red 
colour towards the base. 
c5. Breast greyish; a brown-red patch 
on the lower abdomen and vent.. macamanna, p. 165, 

d5. Breast uniform green like the rest 
of the underparts; bend of the 
wing and under wing-coverts red. 


ch. Larger; upper mandible white ; 
under mandible horn-black .. nobilis, p. 167. 
d\ Smaller ; both upper arid under 
mandible horn-black hahni, p. 168. 

1, Ara araraima. 

Pbittacus inaximus cyano-croceus, Aldr. Orn. i. p. 663 (1646 •, 
Ararauna, Maregr. Hist. Bras. libr. is. p. 206 (1648). 
The Blue and Yellow Maccaw, Echo. Birds, iv. pi. 159 (1751); Lath. 


Syn. i. p. 204, n. 4, with var. A, p. 205 (1781 j . 
Ara jamaicenbis cyaneo-croeea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 191 (1760). 
Ara brasiliensis cyaneo-crocea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 193, pi. xx. (1760). 
Psittacus ararauna, Linn. S. W. i. p. 139, n. 3 (1766); Scop. Ann. 1. 

Hist. Nat. p. 27 (1769); Gm. S. N. i. p. 313, n. 3 (17b8); Lath. 
Ind. Orn. i. p. 83, n. 4, with var. /3 (1790) ; Shaw, Gen. ZooL viii. 
2, p. 391, pi. 54 (1811); Bechsi. Kurze Uehers. p. 65 (1811-12); 
KM, Consp. Psitt p. 17 (1820); Voigt, Cm. Ueb. p. 724 (1831); 
Neuwied,Beitr. iv. p. 153 (1832); Lear, Parr. pi. 8 (1832); Hahn, 
Om. Atl., Papag. p. 12, t. 2 (1834); Dubois, Orn. Gal. pi. 36 
(1839), 

Ara bleu et jaune du Bre*sil, D'Aubent. PL Enl. 36. 
L'Ara bleu, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 191 (1779). 
Psittacus ceeruleus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 314 (1788). 
Ara rauna, Levaitt. Perr. i. pi. 3 (1801). 
Macrocercus ararauna, Vieill. N. D. ii. p. 260 (1810); id. Enc. Jleth. 


iii. p. 1417 (1823); Less. Tr. d'Oni. p. 1N5 (1831) ; Selby, Nat 
Libr., Parrots, p. 90, pi. 6 (1836) ; Schomb. Guian. ii. p. 30 (1548); 
Cab. in Schonio. Guian. iii. p. 730 (1848J ; Barm. Syst Ueb. ii. 
p. 157 (1856); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 7 (IbOO); 
Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 
Sittace ararauna, Wag!. Mon. Psitt. p. 673 (1832); Fmsch, Popart 

i. p. 410 (1867), ii. 2, p. 943 (1868); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 255, 
Hi (1871); Sund. Meih. Nat av. disp. Tent. p. 70 (1&72;; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 494 (1877); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. ii. f. 1 (187883). 
Ara 
aiarauna, G. P. Gr. List Gm. B. p. 51 (1840); Hartl Sust 
Yei-z. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); G. P. Gr. Gm. B. ii. p. 412, n. 1 
(1845); Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. no. 8; G. P. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mies. p. 26 (1859); Homey. Journ.f. Orn. 1859 p #60 * 
Cass. Pr. Ac. Phil. I860, p. 137; Finsch, Nederl Tijdsehr.Dierk. 

i. Berigt. p. xiv (1863) ; Tayl. Ms, 1864, p. 93; Sclat. $ Sah. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 587 (Mexiana); Salvin, Bis, 1871, iyp> 87, 90; 
Sclat. § Sah. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 299; iid. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. 
p. Ill, n. 9 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; 8dat.\ 
Sah. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 534 (Bolivia, Burmeister) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 46; Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 340 (1883); Sah 
Ibis, 1886, p. 67 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 193, Tabl. p. 98 (1886) ; 
Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Xat. Hist, ii. p. 103 (1889); Garlcnp, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1889, p. 290. lI 
4 . AEA. 
153 
Arara ararauna, Brekm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 7 (1842); Schleg. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 4 (1864) j id. op. cit Bevue, p. 2 (1874). 
Macrocercus (Ararauna') ararauna, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 149, n. 4; Souance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 57. 
Ararauna ararauna, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 144, n. 8075 (1870). 
Ara militaris, Salv. 8f Godm. {nee Linn.) Ibis, 1880, p. 176 (Arihueca). 
Sittace cserulea, Bchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 266 (Consp. Bsitt. 

p. 154); id. Vogelbild. Bericht. Taf. ii. f. 1 (1883). 
Adult Upper parts and under tail-coverts blue, in some lights 
greenish; forehead and vertex olive-green ; cheeks naked, lores and 
upper parts of the cheeks with a few lines of dark green feathers; 
edge of the cheeks and chin black, the lower feathers of the chin 
greenish; ear-coverts, sides of the neck, breast, abdomen, and under 
wing-coverts yellow-orange; quills and tail-feathers blue above, 
golden olive-yellow below: naked skin of the cheeks, lores, and cere 
dusky flesh-colour ; iris greenish grey or pale yellow : bill black ; 
feet blackish. Total length about 31 inches, wing 14*3, tail about 
12, bill l-G-1-3, tarsus 1-1. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hab. Tropical America from Panama to Bolivia and Guiana, and 
the whole valley of the Amazons. 

a. Ad. sk. Ohepo, Isthmus of Panama. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Arikueea, March (Si?no7is). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. bk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
/ . 
Ad. st. British Guiana (Schomburgk). Royal Geographical 
Society [P. J 

g. Ad. sk. Mexiana, Dec. (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. South America. Purchased. 
i. Skeleton (without skull). 
h. Skeleton. 
/. Skull. 
2. Ara caninde. 
Canind£, Azara, Apunt. Hist Nat. Paraguay, i. p. 400 (1802); id. 
Voy. (Sonn. ed.) iii. p. 52 (1809). 
Macrocercus ararauna, part., Vieill N. D. ii. p. 260 (1816) (Paraguay) 
; id. JEnc. Meth. p. 1417 (partim) (1823); Burm. Syst Ueb. 

ii. p. 157 (partim) (1856). 
Sittace caninde, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 674 (1832) (ex Azara); 
Finsch, Papag. i. p. 413 (1867); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 494 
(1877). 

Ara caninde, Q. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 2 (1845); Hartl. Syst. 
Bid. Azar. Apunt. p. 17 (1847) ; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt. (?); G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 27 (1859) ; Sclat. 
§ Salv. Komencl. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 10 (1873) ; Berl. Jour. 

f. Orn. 1887, p. 121. 
Macrocercus (Ararauna) caninde, Bp. Bev et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 149, n. 5. 
Ararauna caninde, G. B. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 144, n. 8076 (1870). 
Sittace azarre, Bchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 267 (Consp. Psitt 
p, 155); id. Vogelhild. Nachtr. 73 (1*83). 

154 
PSITTACIDJE. 

Adult. Yery much like A. ararauna, "but the forehead with no 
greenish tinge; the naked skin of the cheeks much reduced, and 
surrounded "by a broad green band, which covers the whole of the 
throat; the feathered lines on the lores and upper part of the cheeks 
more numerous than in A. ararauna and of a lighter green, like 
the throat. Total length 32 inches, wing 14-3, tail 19, bill 2-3, 

tarsus 1*1. 
Hab. Paraguay. 
a. Ad. sk. fInterior of Brazil.] Warwick Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. [lliver Amazon.] Stevens Cull. 

3. Ara macao. 
Eed and Blue Maccaw, Ediv, Birds, iv. p. 158, pi. 158 (17-31). 
Ara jamaicensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 188 (1760). 
Psittacus macao, Linn. S. N. i. p. 139, n. 1 (syn. emend.) (1700); 


Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 20 (1769); Gm. S. N. i. p. 312, n. 1 
(syn. emend.) (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 82, n 1 (svn. emend. J 
(1790) ; Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 386, pi. 53 (1811).*' 

Ara rouge, JDAubent. PL JEnl. n. 12; Buff. Mist. Nat. Ois. vi. 

p. 179 (partim) (1779). 
Red and Yellow Maccaw, Lath. Syn. L p. 201, n. 2 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 107, pi. xxi. (var.) (1822). 
Psittacus aracanga, 
Gm. S. N. i. p. 313, n. 52 (syn. emend.) (1788); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 83, n. 2 (syn. emend.) (1790); Bechst. Lath. 
Ueb. p. 64 (1811-12) ; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 16 (1820) ; Halm, 
Yog. am As. Lief, xiii. t. 1 (1822); Licit t. Preis-Verz. Mexico, 

p. 1 (1830); Voigt, Cuv. Vetera, p. 724 (1831); Nemvied, Beitr. 
iv. p. 138 (1832) ; Hahn, Orn. Ail, Papag. p. 11, t. 1 (1834) ; 
Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 2 (1842); Licht. Journ. f. Orn. 1863, 
p. 54. 
Ara canga, Levaill. Perr. i. pis. 2, 2 bis (1801). 
Macrocercus aracanga, Tieill. N. JD. ii. p. 258 (part.) (1816); id. 
Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1416 (1823) ; Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 185 (1831) ; 
Lear, Parr. pi. 7 (1832); Selhj, Nat. Libr.„ Parrots, p. 93, pi. 7 
(1836); Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. no. 7; Bzirm. St/bt. 
Ueb. ii. p. 157 (note) (1856); Cab. in Sclwmb. Beis. Brit. Guian. 

iii. p. 729, n. 287 (1848) ; Gulh'v. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 490. 
Macrocercus macao, Vieill. N. I), ii. p. 262 (18l6j; id. Enc. Meth. 
iii. p. 1418 (1823); Fi?isch, Ned. Ti/dschr. Ditrh. i. Berigt. p. xiii 
(1863). 
Red, Yellow and Blue Maccaw, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 104 (1822). 
Arara aracanga, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 27 (1824) ; Licht Nomencl. Av. 

p. 73 (1854). 
Sittace aracanga, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 673 (1832). 
Ara macao, Sartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mits. p. 85 (1844); G. R. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 26 (1859); TayL Ibis, 1860, p. 119 (Honduras) 
; Cass. Pr. Ac. Phil. I860, p. 137; Later. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 

vii. p. 474 (1862) ; Ibis, 1865, p. 224 (?); Oicen, Ibis, 1806, pp. 169, 
170 (with, figures of lower jaw); Sclat. £ Sah\ P. Z. S. 1866, 
p. 197,1867, p. 587 (Mexiana), p. 753; G. B. Gray, Hand-list, ii. 
p. 144, n. 8073 (1870); Salv. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 89; Beinh. Ibis, 
1871, p. 362 ; Sclat. $ Sah\ P. Z. S. 1873, p. 299 • iid. Nomencl. Av. 
Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 6 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 465, 633, 
4. ABA. 155 
1874, p. 587; Later. Bull. U. 8. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 35 (Tehuantepec) 
(1875); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 38, 46; Sclat. «$• Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 634; Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 310 j Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 4G; Nutting, Pr. U. 8. Nat Mus. v. p. 402 (1882) ; 
3, p. 67; Tacz. Orn. du Perou, iii. p. 192, Tabl. p. 98 (188G); 
Ridgw. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 587 (1887); Garlepp, Journ. f, Orn. 
1889, p. 290 ; Berlepsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1889, p. 313. 

Ara aracanga, G. R. Gr. Gen. &. ii. p. 412, n. 3 (1845) ; Sclat. 

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266 ; Moore, P. Z. S.1859, p. 59; Sclat # Salv. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 137; Homey. Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 360; Sclat. $ 
Sale. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 367; Lawr. Ann. Luc. N. Y. viii. p. 11 
(1867). J F 
Macrocercus (Aracanga) aracanga, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 149, n. 6 ; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 57. 
Sittace macao, Sand. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 105; PinscJt, Papaq, 
i. p. 398 (1867), ii. p. 943 (1868); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. 
p. 131 (1868); Frantz. Jown. f. Orn. 1869, p. 364; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 254, lii (1871) ; Sund. Meth. Nat. av. disp. Tent. p. 70 
(1872) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 49-5 (1877); Rchnw. Vogetbild. 
t. ix. f. 5 (1878-83); Simd. Ibis, 1886, p. 454 
Arara macao, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 3 (1864); id. op. cit. 
Revue, p. 2 (1874). 
Sittace coccinea, Rchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 267 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 155). 
Adult. Scarlet-red; lower back, rump, upper and under tail-
coverts pale blue; smaller upper wing-coverts and under wing-
coverts scarlet; greater and median upper wing-coverts and scapulars 
yellow, tipped with green; quills blue, underneath golden 
red; greater under wing-coverts brown-red; tail-feathers scarlet-
red, with black shafts, the two central ones scarcely tipped with Hue, 
the blue tips increasing in extent on the outer feathers; the three 
outer tail-feathers almost wholly blue; tail underneath golden 
red, which becomes very dark on the three outer feathers ; upper 
mandible white, blackish at the tip and at the base of the edges; 
under mandible black; feet blackish ; iris yellowish white ; naked 
skin of the cheeks dusky flesh-colour* Total length about 36 inches, 
wing 16, tail 23*5, bill 2*7, tarsus 1\L 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. The anterior median upper wing-coverts and the posterior 
scapulars partly green (Finsch). 
Bab. America from Tehuantepec (Mexico), through Central 
America to Bolivia, Guiana, and the Amazons Yalley. 

a. (S ad. sk.
b Ad sk. 
Chimalapa, Mexico, Feb.
(Richardson), 
Aguna, Guatemala, Jan. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c, d. Ad. sk.
e. S ad. sk.
f. $ ad. sk.
(0. S.). 
Savana Grande, Bee. (0. S.). 
Peje, Costa Rica (J. Carmiol). 
Panama (MeLeannun). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

15(5 psrmuiDJi]. 
9, h. Ad. sk.
I Ad. ak.
k. Ad. ak. 
Siurayaeu,Ecmidor(Z?^fl%). 
Denwmm (Wilkim). ' 
8. America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sir E. Belcher [P.J. 
I. Skeleton. Guiana. 
in, n, o. Skeletons. 
4. Ara cMoroptera. 

Arara-cauga, Marcar. Hist. Bras. i. p. 200 (1648); Licht. Abh. d, 
Bert, Ak. 1815 -16, p. 1(37. 
Ara brasiliensib, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 184, pi. xix. f. 1 (1700) ; «/. A^/. 

vi. p. 170. 
Red and Blue Maeeaw, Lath. Si/n. i. p. 199 (1781) ; ^ . 6xv/. ILU. 
ii. p. 102 (syn. ials.) (18^2). * 
L'Ara hh\cao,"Levm'lL Perr. pi. 1 (1801). 
Guacamivo roxo, Azara, Apunt. Mist. Nat. Parag. i. p. 392, n. 271 
(1802)." 
Guacamayo inacao, Azara, Toy. (Sonn. ed.) iv. p. 50 (1S09). 
l\ittacus inacao, Bechst. {nee Linn.) Lath. Ueb. p. 724 (1811-12) ; 

Euhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 15 (1820); Nemvied, Beise, i. pp. 99, 181, 
206, 250, ii. pp. 230, 237, 210 (1820); id. Beitr. iv. p. 188 (188:2) ; 
Toir/t, Cuv. Ueb. p. 724 (1881); Hahn, Orn. A.U., Papag. p. 21, 

t. 12 (1884); Selbij, Nat. Libr., Parr. p. 93 (18^6) ; Dubois, Orn. 
Gal. pi. 91 (1839/; Brehm, Man. d. Papag. 1.1 (1842) ; Thienem. 
Fortpjlanz. d. ges. Voij. p. 75, t. xiv. f. 7 (egg) (1840). 
Arara rnacao, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 27 (1824). 
Macrocercus inacao, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 185 (1881) ; Bp. Consp. Av. 


i. p. 1 (1850); id. Namnannia, 1850, Consp. Psitt. no. 6; Schomb. 
Meis. Guian. iii. p. 730 (1848) ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 155 (1856)^; 
Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaei, p. 8 (1869) ; Bunn. P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 77. 
Sittace macao, Wagl Man. Psitt. p. 671 (1832). 

Ara macao, G. P. Gr. {nee Linn.) Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 4 (1843); 
Hartl. hid. Azar. Apunt. p. 17 (1847); Homey. Journ. f. Orn. 
1859, p. 360 ; Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 

Macrocercus (Aracanga) rnacao, Bp. lieu, et JMag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 149, n. 7; Souanee, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 57. 
Ara cliloropteriih, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 26 (1859) ; id. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 144, n. 8074 (1870). 
Ara cliloroptera, 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 433 ; Sclat. § Sain. P. Z. S. 
1804, p. 367 (Panama); Sain n, Ibis, 187], p. 90; Sclat. S," Salv. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 7 (1878); Gart'od, P. Z. S. 1873, 

p. 083, 1875, p. 343; Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 634; Schmidt, 
P.Z.S. 1880, p. 310; Salv. # Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 176; Sclat. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 839 (1883); Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 66; 
Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 1887, p. 121; Garlepp, Journ. f. Om. 1889, 
p. 290. 
Macrocercus chloropterus, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigt. 
p. ix (1803). 
Arara cliloroptera, Schleg, Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 3 (1864) ; id. op. 
cit. Revue, p. 2 (1874). 
Sittace cliloroptera, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 403 (1867) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
pp. 255, lii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 494 (1877); Pchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. ix. f. 4 (1878-83) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 207 
{Comp. Psitt. p. 155). 

Adult male. Dark scarlet; lower hack, rump, upper and under 
tail-coverts pale blue ; quills blue, underneath golden red; smaller 

4. uu. 157 
upper wing-coverts dark scarlet, median olive-green, greater blue; 
the innermost greater upper wing-coverts and the scapulars olive-
green, more or less tinged with blue ; two central tail-feathers dark 
red, tipped with blue, the next two pairs blue, broadly edged with 
red on both webs towards the base ; the three outer tail-feathers of 
each side nearly ontirely blue; tail underneath golden red ; naked 
skin of the sides of the head flesh-colour, with many lines of red 
feathers : iris straw-yellow ; upper mandible horny white, with the 
base of the edges black; lower mandible black ; feet greyish black. 
Total length about 34 iuches, wing 15*5, tail 21, bill 3*3, tarsus 1*2. 

Female. Like the male. 

Hub. Prom Guatemala to Guiana and Bolivia, and the Amazons 

Valley. 
a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
(Type of the species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Itiocour Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). iSclator Coll. 
d. § ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Valle Dupar, Venezuela, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Simons). 
/ . ? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana, Sabin-Godman Coll. 
Oct. (Whitehj). 
g. (5 ad. &k. Camaciiba, Brit. Guiana, April 
(Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Skeleton 
incomplete. 
1 Skull. 
5. Ara tricolor. 

Le petit Ara, UAubent. PL Enl. 641. 

Ara rouge, part., Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 179 (1779). 

Psittacus macao, Bodd. (nee Linn.) Tabh PI. Enl p. 89 (ex PI. Enl, 

641) (1783;. 

L'Ara tricolor, Levaill. Perr. i. p. 17, pi. 5 (1801). 

Psittacus tricolor, Bechst. Kurze JJeb. p. 64, pi. i. (1811); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 16 (1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 724 (1831); 
Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 3 (1842). 

Macrocercus tricolor, Vteill N. D. ii. p. 262 (1816); id. Eno. Metk 

iii. p. 1418 (1823); Zess. Tr. ffiOrn. p. 186, pi. 18. f. 1 (1831); 
Cab. u. Gundl Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 105; Brewer, Pr. Post. Soc. 
Nat. Hist. vii. p. 307 (1860); Gnndl Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 336; 
id. Pepert. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i. p. 297 (I860); id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1871, p. 277, 1874, p. 103; id. Contr. Orn. Cuba, pp. 126, 276 
(1876). 
Sittace tricolor, Waql. Mon. Psitt p. 669 (1832); Finscli, Papag. 

i. p. 409 (1867); Behnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 268 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 156); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 74 (1883) ; Marsh. Papag. p. 55 
(1889). 
Macrocircus tricolor, $io. Class. B, ii. p. 299 (1837). 
Ara tricolor, UOrb. in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois. p. 161 

(1840); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 5 (1845); Gosse, B. of 
Jam. p. 200 (1847); Albrecht, Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 202 ; Finscti, 
Ned. Tifdschr. Dierh. i. Berigt. p. xiv (1863); Sclat. # Salv. 
Nomencl. Ai>. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 8 (1873); A. # B. Newt. 

158 PSITTACIBJE. 

Handb. Jamaica, p. 110 (1881); Cory, List B. W. Ind. p. 20 
(1885); id. Auk, 1886, p. 454; id. Birds of the W. Lid. p. 177 
(1889). 

Macrocercus (Aracanga) tricolor, Lemb. Ares Cuba, p. 132 (1850); 
Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 149, n. 8 ; Souance, Rei\ et Mag. 
de Zool. 1856, p. 57. 

Arara tricolor, Bp. Xaumannia, 185G, Consp. Psitt. no. 5 ; Sckleg. 

Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 4 (1864) ; id op. cit. Revue, p. 2 (1874). 
(Sittace?) liclitensteini, Wagl. (!) tide Bp. Xaumannia, I. c. 
Primolius tricolor, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 145, u. 8Qfc3 (1870). 

Male. Forehead red, becoming yellowish red on the top of the 
head, and shading into bright yellow on the nape ; feathers of the 
upper back cinnamon-red, edged with greenish ; lesser wing-coverts 
brown with reddish edgings ; entire underparts scarlet-red, showing 
a tinge of orange on the cheeks and throat, some of the feathers 
showing yellow on the belly; primaries and secondaries showing bright 
blue on the upper surface ; under surface of primaries pale brownish 
red; upper surface of tail-feathers showing the feathers cinnamon-red, 
shading into bright blue on the tips, some feathers showing more blue 
than cinnamon, while in others the cinnamon predominates; under 
surface of tail-feathers golden orange-red ; crissum pale blue; bare 
skin around the eye probably dull white: bill dark brown, pale at 
the tip; legs and feet brownish; iris pale yellow. Length about 
18 inches, wing 11, tail 10, bill 1*7, tarsus 0*85. 

Hah* Cuba. 
a. Ad. sk. [South America.] Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. [South America.] Zool. Society. 

6. Ara militaris. 
The Great Green Maccaw, JEdw. Glean, vii p. 224, pi. 313 (1764). 
Psittacus militaris, Linn. S. X. i. p. 139, n. 2 (1766); Gm. S. X. i. 

p. 313, n. 2 (1788) ; Lath. Lid. Orn. p. 83, n. 3 (1790); Shaw, 
Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 395 (1811) ; Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 65, n. 4 
(1811); KnJd, Coiisj). Rsitt. p. 17, n. 7 (1820); Lickt. Preis-Verz. 
Mexico, p. 1 (1830); Wagl. Isis, 1831, p. 525; Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. 

p. 124 (1831) ; Halm, Orn. Atlas, Papag. p. 26, t 11 (1834); 
Brehm, Mo?i. de Papag. t. 5 (1842); Lickt. Joum.f. Orn. 1863, 
p. 54. 
Military Maccaw, Lath. Syn. i. p. 203, n. 3 (1781); id. Gen. Mist. 
ii. p. 106 (1822). 
I/Ara militaire, Levaill. Perr. pi. 4 (1801). 
Macrocercus militaris, Yieitt. X. D. ii. p. 261 (1816) ; id. Em. MUh. 
iii. p. 1418 (1823); JSteph. Gm. Zool xiv. p. 113 (1826); Less. 
Tr. d'Orn. p. 185 (1831); Selb. Xat. Libr., Parrots, p. 87, pi. 5 
(part.) (1836); Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 109 (Mexico); Burm. Sgst. 
Ueb. ii. p. 163 (note, part.) (1856) ; ?FinschfXed. Tijdsckr. Dierk* 
i. Berigt. p. xiv (1863); Sousa, Mas. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 7 
(1869). 
Sittace militaris, Wagl. Hon. Psitt p. 668 (part.) (1832); Marti. 
Sgst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844); Fimch, Papag. i. p. 396 
. (part.) (1867), ii. p. 943 (1868); id. Abk not. Ver. Bretn. 1870, 

p. 352; Laior. Mem. Post Soc. X. II. ii. p. 295 (1874); Gieb. 
4 . AEA. 
159 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 496 (part.) (1877); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. 1. f. 1 

(1878-83) ; id. Jour. f. Orn. 3881, p. 268 (Consp. Psitt. p. 156) 

(part.). 

Ara militaris, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 6 (1845); ?Gosse, B. of 

Jamaica, p. 261 (1847); Hart. Jour. f. Orn. 1857, p. 42; Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 230, P1858, p. 76 (Rio Napo) ; G. R. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 28 (part.) (1850); Sclat. Cat. Am. Birds, 
p. 345, B. 2058 (1862); ?Albr. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 202; 
Sdat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 183; Salv. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 88 (part.); 
Sclat. fy Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 5 (part.) (1873); 
? Tacz. P. Z.S. 1874, p. 549; Lawr. Bull. U> & Nat. Mm. no. 4, 
t>. 35 (Teliuantepec) (1875); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 692; 
r Boucard, Ami. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1878, p. 32 (Guatemala); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 241; Sclat fy Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 538 (?), 
634 ; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 339 (1883); Nutt. Pr. U. S. 
Nat. Mus. vi. p. 407 (Nicaragua) (1883); Zeled. Pr. TJ. S. Nat. 
Mus. Tiii. p. Il l (Costa Rica) (1885); Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 191, 
Tabl. p. 98 (1886); Ridgw. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 586 (1887) ; 
Bignon, Bull. Soc. Zool Fr. 1888, p. 181; Salv.Sr Godm.Ibis, 1889, 
p. 241. 
Macrocercus (Aracanga) militaris, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 149, n. 9. 
Arara militaris, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Paittaci, p. 5 (part.) (1864); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 2 (1874). 
Primolius militaris, G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 144, n. 8081 (1870). 
Sittace militaris, subsp. ambigua, Rchnw. (nee Beclist.), Journ.f. Orn. 

1881, p. 268 {Consp. Psitt. p. 156). 

Adult male. Green, with an olive tinge, head purer green; a 
slight tinge of bluish on the hind neck; forehead and feathered 
lines on the lores scarlet; feathered lines on the cheeks blackish 
green; chin brown; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts light 
blue; quills, primary-coverts, and outermost greater wing-coverts 
blue; quills underneath golden olive; under wing-coverts green, the 
greater ones somewhat dusky ; four middle tail-feathers brown-red, 
largely tipped with blue; third and fourth blue, edged with brown-
red towards the base, the two outer tail-feathers almost entirely 
blue; tail underneath golden olive-yellow: "naked skin of the 
cheeks flesh-colour; iris yellow-grey " (Finsch); bill blackish ; feet 
greyish black. Total length 27 inches, wing 14*5, tail 14, bill 2-2, 
tarsus l'l. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah, Mexico, Central and South America from Bogota to Peru 
and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Dr. J. E. Gray [P.], 
b, c. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
d. 
<$ ad. sk. Quiriogo, Sonora, Mexico, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Lloyd). 
e,f. <S ? ad. sk. Presidio de Mazatlan, Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Dec. (Forrer). 
g-i. S $ ad. sk. San Bias, Mexico, May (Rich- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ardson). 
Jc. 
Ad. sk. Culata, Colima, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Lloyd). 

100 PSITT10IDJB. 
I. <$ ad.sk. Sierra Madre, Tamaulipas Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Richardson), 
m. J ad. file. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Ad. 8k.
o. Skokton. 
Bogota, Sclater Coll. 
/>. Skeleton. Zool. Society. 

7. Ara ambigua. 
Le Grand Ara militaire, Levaill. Perr. pi. 0 (1801) ; Vieill. N. D. 
ii. p. 201 (1816). 
Psittacus 
ambiguus, Bechst. Kurze Ueh, p. 65, n. 5 (1811) ; -fiTw^/, 
Comp. Psitt. p. 17, n. 7 (1820); Ji^w, Or;*. Atl., Papag. p. 25, 

t. 0(1834). 
Macrocercus ambiguus, Staph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 113 (1826). 
Macrocercus militaris, Selb. Nat. Libr., Parr. p. 86, pi. 5 (part.) 
(1836); i?m», %.tf. Cei. ii. p. 163 (note, part.) (1856). 
Sittace militaris, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 668 (1832) ; Finsch, 
Papag. i. p. 396 (part.) (1867) ,

* ? Lator. Ami. Lye. JV. Y. ix. p. 131 
(Oo»ta Rica) (1868) ; ? Frantz. Journ.f. Orn. 1869, p. 364 (Costa 
Rica). 
Arara buffoni, Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. p. 6, t. 8 (1842) (ex Levaitt. 
pi. 6). 

Ara militaris (part.), G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Frit. Mus. p. 28, specim. d 
(1859); Cass. Pr. Ac. Philad. I860, p. 187 (Nercua River) ; 
Laior. (nee Linn.) Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 299 (Panama) (1862); 
Salv. (nee Linn.) P. Z. S. 1870, p. 213 (Calovevora) j id. Ibis, 
1871, pp. 87, 88 (part.) ; Sclat 4* Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 

p. Ill, n. 5 (part.) (1873); ? Boucard, F. Z. 8.1878, p. 46 (Costa 
Rica); ? Sclat. # Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 538 (Antioquia). 
Ara militaris s. ambiguus, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 335 (Costa 
Rica). 
Macrocercus (Aracanga) ambiguus, Fp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 149, n. 10 ; ? SouancC, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 57. 
Arara militaris, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 5 (part.) (1864). 
Ara ambigua, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 183 ; Gar rod, ibid. p. 587. 
Sittace ambigua, Finsch, Papag. ii. 2, p. 943 (1868). 
Primolius ambiguus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 144, n. 8080 (1870). 
Very similar to A. militaris, from which it differs in being 
larger, with, a much more powerful bill, and in having the olive-
green colour much yellower, and the blue colour of the lower back, 
rump, upper and under tail-coverts paler. Total length 31 inches, 
wing 16, tail 18, bill 2 8 to 2*7, tarsus 1-1. 
Fab. Western coast of America, from Veragua to Ecuador. 

I have not the least doubt as to A. ambigua being a different bird 
from A. militaris. Mr. Sclater, who rightly (P. Z. S. 1867, p. 183) 
insisted on the two birds being different, was wrong in thinking that 
the larger one was from Mexico. 

a. $ ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (F. ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (IllmgiuortJi), 
e. Ad. sk. Guayaquil, Ecuador. Q. Barclay [P.]. 
4 . AKA. 
161 
8. Ara rubrigena. 
Ara rubro-genis, Lafresn. Bev. Zool. 1847, p. 65; 0. Des Murs, Icon. 
Om. pi. 72 (1848); id. in Casteln. Expkl Am. du Sud. Ois. p. 12 
(1855). 

Ara 
rubrogenys, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 19 (1849)* Hartl. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1857, p. 42. 
Macrocercus (Aracanga) rubrigenys, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, 

p. 149, n. 11; Souance, Beo. efMag. de Zool. 1856, p. 57. 
Sittace rubrigenis, Bp. Nawnannia, 1856, Consp. Bsitt. no. 14 ; 
Souance, Iconogr. Perr. pi. 3 (1857). 
Ara rubrigenys, Gr. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 29 (1859). 
Arara rubrigena, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psitt aci, p. 5 (1864) j id. op. cit. 

Berne, p. 2 (1874). 
Sittace lafresnayei, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 394 (1867); Gieb. Tlies. 
Om. iii. p. 495 (1877). 
Prirnolius rubrigenys, G. B. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 145, n. 8084 
(1870). 
Ara rubrigenis, Sclat.fySalv. Nomencl. Av. Neotropr. p. Ill, n. 4 
(1873) j iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 634. 
Sittace lafresnayi, Bchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 269 (Consp. Psitt 

p. 157); id. Vogelbild. Naclitr. 75 (1883). 
Adult. Olive-green, bead and neck purer green; forehead, 
crown, a spot behind the ears, smaller npper wing-coverts, bend of 
the wing, carpal edge, under wing-coverts, axillaries, and thighs 
orange-red; feathered lines on the naked lores and cheeks blackish 
brown,- quills, primary-coverts, and bastard wing greyish blue; 
secondaries tinged with green on the outer web; greater under 
wing-coverts olive-yellow ; tail green, bluish towards the tip, quills 
and tail-feathers underneath golden olive, dusky towards the tip : 
bill and feet blackish. Total length about 24 inches, wing 12*3 to 
11*8, tail 14, bill 1*95 to 1*90, tarsus 0*9. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having much less red colour on 
the crown and ear-coverts, and no red at all on the smaller wing-
coverts, bend of the wing, and carpal edge; the under wing-coverts 
are of a paler orange, and the thighs greenish, tinged with orange. 

Hob. Bolivia. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. C. Bridges [0.]. 
c. Imm. sk. Massena Coll. 

9. Ara severa. 
Maxacana, Marcgr. Hist. Bras. ix. p. 207 (1648). 
Brasilian Green Maccaw, Bdw. Glean, v. p. 41, pi. 229 (1758). 
Ara brasiliensis viridis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 198 (1760). 
Ara brasiliensis erythrochlora, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 202 (1760). 
Psittacus severus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 140, n. 6 (1766) ; Scop. Ann. I. 


Mist Nat p. 27 (1769); Gm. S. N. i. p. 315, n. C, with var. £ 
(1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 85, 'n. 10 (1790) ; Shaw, Gm. Zool. 

viii. % p. 397 (1811); Bechst JBsirze Uebers. p. 667 n. 10 (1811) ; 
KM, Consp. Psitt. p. 18 (1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 725 
(1831); Neuwied, Beise Bras. i. p. 322, ii. pp. 147, 341 (1820) ; 
VOL. xx. 
at 

162 
PSITTACIDJE. 

id. Beitr. iv. p. 155 (1832): Hahi, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 72, t. 5$ 

(1886). 
L'Ara verd du Br&il, & Anient* PI. JSnl. 383. 
L'Ara vert, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 194 (1779). 
Braailian Green Maccaw, Lath. Syn. i. p. 208, n. 9 (1781); id. Suppl 

i. p. 58 (1787) ; id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 112 (1822). 
L'Ara Maracana, Levaill. Perr. pi. 8, pi. 10 (var.) (1801). 
Macrocercus severus, Vieill. N. B. ii. p. 263 (1816); id. Bnc. Metk. 
iii. p. 1419 (1823); Stepk. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 113 (1826); Less. Tr. 
oVOrn. p. 186 (1831); Bunn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 160 (1856); Finsek, 
Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. I Berigt. p. xiv (1863)*, Gulliv. P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 489. 
Arara severus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 28 (1824); Brehm, Mon. d. 
Papag. t. 11 (with var.) (1842). 

Sittace severa, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 666 (1832) ; Bp. Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 15; Souanci, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1856, p. 57; Bp. Navmannia, 1866, Consp. Psitt. n. 10; Fimch, 
Papag. i. p. 417 (1867), ii. p. 944 (1868); Sousa, Mas. Nae. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 8 (1869); Peh. Or?i. Bras, pp. 255, lii (1871); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 497 (1877); Rekmo. VogelUld. t. ix. f. 3 
(1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 268 (Consp. Psitt. p. 156). 

Ara severa, 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 8 (1845); Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 162, 1857, p. 266; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 28 (1859); Homey. Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 360; Cass. Pr. Ac. Phil 
1860, p. 91; Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 345, n. 2059 (1862); Lator. 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 474 (1862); Sclat $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, 
p. 197, 1867, p. 979 ; Salv. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 91; Sclat $ Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 299; iid. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 11 
(1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 538, 634; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. 
Coll p. 464 (1882); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1884, pp. 004, 615; Berl. 
$ Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 573; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 06; Tacz. 
Om. PSr. iii. p. 194, Table, p. 99 (1886); Allen, Bxdl Am. 
Mus. Nat Hist ii. p. 104 (1889) ; Garlepp, Journ. f. Orn. 1889, 
p. 290; Berlepsck, Journ. f. Orn. 1889, p. 313. 
Ara castaneifrons, Lafr. Rev. de Zool 1847, p. Q6. 
Conurus severus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 729 (1848). 
Macrocercus (Aracanga) castaneifrons, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 149, n. 12. 
Arara severa, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 6 (1864); id. op. cit 
Revue, p. 2 (1874). 
Primolius severus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 145, n. 8082 (1870). 

Adult male. Green, head washed with "blue; forehead, margin 
of the cheeks, and chin chestnut-brown; feathered lines on the 
cheeks black; quills and primary-coverts blue; quills edged with 
black at the tip ; secondaries edged with green on the outer webs; 
the tertials entirely green ; carpal edge and outermost smaller 
under wing-coverts red, the remainder green; greater under wing-
coverts duU olive; tail-feathers above reddish brown, edged with 
green towards the base and tipped with blue; quills and tail-
feathers underneath dark golden red: naked skin of the sides of 
the head whitish flesh-colour; iris yellow; bill and feet black. 
Total length about 20 inches, wing 9*8, tail 10, bill 1*6, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hob. Brazil, the Amazons Valley to Bolivia, Guiana, Colombia, 
and Panama. 

4. ABA. 
a. Ad. sk. Bogota {Crowther). Salvin-Godmam Ooll. 
j ; ? * i Bo s° ta - Sclate r Col L 
e, tf. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (BuckSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
ley). 
e. d ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru, Aug. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{HaiLviuell). 
f. Ad. sk. (red var.). Rio Javari. Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia. C. Bridges [0.1. 
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater ColL 
I' ^ S h ' [Bolivia.] E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
k. Ad. sk. 8. America. Purchased. 
/. Ad. sk. Ucayali, Aug. G. Garlepp [C.]. 

10. Ara maracana. 
Maracana afeytado, Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Paraq. i. p. 405, 
n. 274 (1802). 
Maracana farde', Azara, Voy. (Sonn. ed.) iii. p. 54 (1809). 
Macrocercus maracana, Vieill N.D. ii. p. 260(1816); id. Erie. MttL 
iii. p. 1417 (1823). 
Psittacus illigeri, Temm. fy Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 19 (1820) ; Neuiuied, 
Beitr.lv. p. 160 (1832) ; Hahn, Orn. AtL, Papag. p. 46, t. 31 (1835). 
Psittacus fuscatus, Illig, Mus. Berol.,jide Kuhl, I. c. 
Psittacus macavuanna, Neuw. {nee Gm.) Reis. Bras. i. pp. 52, 91, ii. 

p. 34 (1820). 
Arara purpureo-dorsalis, Spur, Av. Bras. i. p. 26, t. xxiv. (1824); 
Voigt, Uuv. Uebers. p. 725 (1831) : Brehm, Mori, der Papag. t. 9 
(1842). 
Macrocercus illigeri, 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 113 (1826); Less. Tr. 
cFOrn. p. 186 (1831); Burrn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 161 (1856) ; Gulliv. 

P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 
Sittace illigeri, 
Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 663 (1832); Marti. Syst. Verz. 
Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, 

n. 14 j Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 269 {Consp. Psitt. p. 157). 
Psittacus makavuana, Hahn {nee Gm.), Orn. AtL, Papag. p. 87, 
t. 67 (1837). 
Psittacara illigeri, Bourj. Perr. pi. 13 (av. jun. ?) (1837-38). 
Ara maracana, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 10 (1845) j Hartl. Ind. 
Azar. Apunt. p. 17 (1847) j G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. 

p. 27 (1859); Sclat. Cat. Am. Birds, p. 345, n. 2060 (1862); Sclat. 
§• Sab. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 12 (partim) (1873); 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 310; 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 341 (1883) ; Berl. § Jhering, 
Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 162; Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 1887, 
p. 121,1889, p. 314. 
Sittace maracana, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 18; 
SouancS, Reo. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 57; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, 
Consp. Psitt. no. 11; Finsch, Papag. i. p. 420 (1807), ii. p. 944 
(1868); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 7 (1869); Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 255, Hi (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 496 (1877) ; 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. ix. f. 6 (1878-83). 

Ara illigeri, Homey. Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 361. 
Arara maracana, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 0 (1864); id. op. 
cit. Revue, p. 2 (1874). 
M2 

164 PS1TTA.CID2E. 

Primoliua maiacona, Bp.Jde G. M. Or. List Psitt. Brit Mus., msyn. 

A. maracana>, p. 27 (1859); G. P. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 144, 
n. 8079 (1870). 
Adult Green, rump and upper tail-covcrts with an olive tinge ; 
forehead rose-red ; head, nape, and cheeks greenish blue, darker 
on the crown ; a patch on the lower back and another on the middle 
of tho abdomen pale scarlet; quills and primary-coverts blue ; 
secondaries and outermost greater upper wing-coverts blue, tinged 
with greon on the outer webs; carpal edge bluish green; under 
wing-covorts olive-green ; tail blue, with the base of the feathers, 
especially of the central ones, tinged with reddish brown; quills 
and tail-feathers underneath golden olive, becoming dusky towards 
the tips : " bill horny black; feet brown flesh-colour ; naked cheeks 
yellowish flesh-colour; iris brown-red" (Finsch). Total length 
16-7 inches, wing 8-5, tail 9-1, bill 1-4, tarsus 0-6. 

Female, Like the male, only the red on the forehead less 
extended. 

Young. Bed colour on the forehead less extended and paler; the 
patches on the lower back and middle of the abdomen yellowish, 
and the upper parts spotted with pale grey-brown (Wied). 

Hob. Brazil and Paraguay. 

a. Ad. sk. Riocour Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. 3 ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11. Ara couloni. 
Conurus illigeri, Tsch, (nee Temm.) Cab. Wiegm. Archiv, 1844, 
p. 304 ; id. Fauna Per., Aves, p. 271 (1844-46) ; Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 
1869, p. 287. 
Sittace maracana ($&xt.),Finsch, Papag. i. p. 420 (1867). 
Ara couloni, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 255 (with figure of the head) \ 

Oieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 786 (1877); Tacz. Orn. Per. hi. p. 195, 
Table, p. 99 (1880) ; Berlepsch, Ibis, 1889, p. 181; id. Journ.f. Orn. 
1889, pp. 291 (note), 314, t. iii. f. 1. 

Sittace couloni, Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 270 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 158) ; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 76 (1883). 
Yery much like A. maracana, but differs in wanting the red on 
the forehead, lower back, and middle of the abdomen; besides the blue 
on the head, and especially on the cheeks, is purer and paler; the 
tip of the upper mandible is whitish; the naked skin round the 
eyes less extended. Total length 16 inches, wing 8*7, tail 9-5, 
bill 1-65, tarsus 0-85. 

Hah. Peru. 

4 . ARA.. 
165 
12. Ara auricollis. 
Arara auricollis, Cass. Pr. Acad. Philad. vi. p. 372 (June 1853); id. 
Journ. Ac. N. Sc. PMlad. iii. p. 153, pi. 12 (1855); Schlep. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 7 (1864) j id. op. cit. Revue, p. 2 '(1874). 

Sittace primoli, Bjp. Compt. Rend. (28th Nov., 1853), p. 807 (Not. 

Coll. JDelattre, p. 2, note) (1854) ; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 3854, 
pp. 147, 150, n. 16 ; SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1850, p. 57; 
JBp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp, Psitt. n. 13 ,* Som??c$, Icon. Perr. 
pi. ii. (1857) ; Sousa, Mus. JSfac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 7 (1869). 

Ara auritorques, Mass. Sr Soiiance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 71. 
Sittace chrysotorques, LicJit Nomencl. Av. p. 73 (1854). 
Ara primoli, Des Murs, in Casteln. Rrp. Am. du /Slid, Ois. p. 13, 


pi. iv. (1855) ; Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1857, p. 42. 

Ara auricollis, G. R. Or. list Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 27 (1859); Sclat. 
# Sah. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 13 (1873): id. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 654. 

Primolius 
auricollis, Bp., fide G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus., in 
syn. A. auricollis, p. 27 (1859); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 144, 

n. 8077 (1870). 
Sittace auricollis, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 427 (1867) ; Peh. Orn. Bras. 
pp. 255, 455, lii (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 494 (1877). 
Sittace xantkotorques, Natt. MS., fide Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 255 (1871). 

Adult. Green ; forehead, crown, and lower parts of the cheeks 
brown-black ; a slight bluish tinge behind the crown; a broad 
yellow collar on the hind neck; quills and primary-coverfcs blue; 
outermost secondaries and outermost greater upper wing-coverts 
also blue, but edged with green on the outer webs; under wing-
coverts green ; tail blue, with the base of the feathers, especially of 
the middle ones, brown-red; quills and tail underneath golden olive; 
a concealed spot of reddish orange on the vent: bill horny black, 
with the tip whitish; feet yellowish or flesh-colour. Total length 
about 16 inches, wing 8*6, tail 9, bill 1*5, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Rather smaller than the male. Total length 15 inches, 
wing 7-7, tail 7, bill 1-3. 
Hob. Matogrosso, Bolivia, and Upper Paraguay. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. O. Bridges [O.]. 
b. Ad, sk. South America. Eyton Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. Villa Maria, Brazil, Aug. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Natterer). 
d. $ ad. sk. Estiva, July (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 

13. Ara macavuauna. 
Arara-catinga, Marcgr. Hist Bras. ix. p. 207 (1648). 
La Perruche-Ara de Cayenne, HAubent. PI. Enl 864. 
La Perriche-Ara, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 277 (1779). 
Parrot Maccaw, Lath. Sgn. i. p. 205, n. 5 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 


p. 110 (1822). 
Pbittacus manilatus (!), Bodd. Tabl PI Bnl. p. 52 (1783). 
Psittacus makawuanna, Orn. S. N. i. p. 314, n. 53 (1788) ; Euhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 18 (1820). 

166 rSITTACIDJE. 

Psittacus makavouanna, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 84, n. 6 (1790); Shaw, 
Gm. ZooL viii. 2, p. ^98 (1811) ; Beehst Ktirze Ueb. p. 66 (181112); 
VieilL N. I), xxv. p. 361 (1817); id. JEnc. Metli. m. p. 1396 
(1823); Vuigt, Cim. Ueb. p. 725 (1831). 

L'Ara macavouanno, Lewull. Perr. pi. 7 (1801). 
L'Ara marucana fomello, LevaiU. Perr. pi. 7 (1801). # 
Maerocorcus inakavouana, Twill. N. I), ii. p. 260 (1816); t£. -EVw. 


Mm. iii. p. 1418 (1823); titeph. Gen. ZooL xiv. p. 113 (1826); 
Barm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 162 (note) (185G). 
Arara makawuana, SpLv, Av. Bras. i. p. 28 (1824); Brehm, Mori. d. 
Papaq. t. 10 (1842). 
Sittaco 'macavuamia, JVagl. Man. Psitt p. 664 (1832) ; Pete. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 255, lii (1871). 
Ara mukawuanua, G. R. Gr. Gen. B ii. p. 412, n. 9 (1845); Bartl. 

P. Z. S. 1882, p. 374 (Eastern Peru). 
Conurus macavuana, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. i. p. 249, ii. p. 16, iii. 
p. 729, n.285(1848). 
Sittace makawanna, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 150, n. 17; 
SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 57 ; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, 
Consp. Psitt r». 12. 

Ara manilata, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 27 (1859). 
Primolius makawanna, Bp.,Jide G. R. Gr. L c. (in syn. Arse manilatae) 
(1859). 
Arara manilata, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 7 (1864) ; id. op. tit 
Revue, p. 2 (1874). 
Sittace macavuana, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 415 (1867); id. P. Z. S. 

1870, p. 586 ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 496 (1877). 
Primolius manilata, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 144, n. 8078 (1870). 
Sittace modesta, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 270 (Consp. Psitt 

p. 158); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 77 (1883). 
Ara macuvuana, Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 67. 
Adult Green, with an olive tinge on the neck, back, rump, upper 
tail-coverts, and lower parts ; pileum greenish blue; lower part of 
the cheeks bluish green; chin, throat, and upper breast grey, with 
the feathers edged with green; a brown-red patch covering the 
middle of the lower abdomen and the vent; feathers of the thighs 
green, edged with brown-red; under tail-coverts bluish green; 
upper wing-coverts green, edged with yellowish green ; quills, 
primary-coverts, and outermost greater upper wing-coverts pale blue, 
edged with green ; under wing-coverts green, more or less yellowish, 
the greater ones golden olive; tail green ; quills and tail underneath 
golden olive; naked skin of the face very broad, whitish, edged below 
with a row of brown-dotted feathers: "iris yellow" {Hauxwell) \ 
bill black ; feet blackish. Total length 18 inches, wing 9*6, tail 9, 
bill 0-65, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Like the male, only somewhat smaller. 
Hab. Guiana, and Amazons Valley to the base of the Andes of 
Ecuador and Peru. 

a. 3 ad. sk. Borba, Brazil, Feb. (Natterer'). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Surinam. Sclater Coll. 
a^« sk*

c. d. <$ 2 Roraima, Brit. Guiana, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(JVhitehj). 

e. <$ ad. &k. Elvira, E.Peru, Jan. (Hauxwell). Sclater Coll. 
ft g. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (BucMei/). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4 . ABA. 
167 
14. Ara nobilis. 
Psittacus nobilis, Linn. Mus. Adolph. Frid. ii. p. 13 (1764) j id. S. 
N. i. p. 140, n. 5 (syn. emend.) (1706) ; £m. & N. I p. 314, n. 5 
(1788); Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 85, n. 9 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 
% p. 401 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. (36 (1811-12); Neuivied, 
Beitr. iv. p. 165 (1832); J2aA», Or*. -4ft, P^M? . p. 43, t. 27 (1835). 
Noble Parrot, Lath. Sun. i. p. 207 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. Ill 
(1822). 
Psittacus guianensis, part., Kuhl (nee Linn.), Consp. Psitt. p. 10 (syn. 

emend.) (1820). 
Psittacus cumanensis, Licht. Verz. DouM. p. 6, n. 8 (1823). 
Arara macrognathos, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 20, t. xxv.* ft. 1, 2 (1824); 

F<^, Ow. ?7efors. p. 732 (1831) ; Brthm. Mon. d. Papag. t. 12 

(1842). 
Psittacara frontatus, Vig. Zool. Joiim. ii. p. 389 (1825). 
Arara cayana, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 188 (1831). 
Sittace nobilis7 Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 061 (1832) ; Hartl Si/st. Verz. 

Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844); Finsch, Papag. i. p. 424 (1867) ; Pels. 
Om, Bras. pp. 256, 445, lii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 496 
(1877); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxii. f. 6 (1878-83); id. Journ.f. Orn. 
1881, p. 271 (Consp. Psitt. p. 159). 

Conurus macrognathus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 300 (1837). 
Pbittacara nobilis, Bourj. Perr. pi. 22 (1837-38) ; Selb. Nat. Libr., 
Parrots, p. 97, pi. 8 (1836); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, 

n. 19; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 58; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 15; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 7 
(1869). 
Conurus nobilis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 2 (1845) • id. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 32 (1859); id. Rand-list, ii. p. 147, n. 8092 
(1870). 

? Psittacara cumanensis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, n. 26. 
Macrocercus nobilis, Barm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 162 (1856). 
Ara nobilis, Select. Cat. Am. B. p. 345, n. 2061 (1862); Sclat. $ Sah. 


P. Z. S. 1867, p. 587 (Para); iid. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 14 
(1873) j Sato. Cat B. Strickl. Coll, p. 464 (1882); Sclat List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 341 (1883). 
Arara 
nobilis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 8 (1864) j id. op. cit. 
Revue, p. 3 (1874). 

Adult male. Green, underparts a little more yellowish green; 
forehead and a band over the eyes blue; carpal edge from the bend 
of wings and under wing-coverts scarlet; first primary and first 
primary-coverts bluish on the outer web; greater under wing-
coverts, quills, and tail-feathers underneath golden olive, quills dusky 
on the outer webs : upper mandible horny white, with the tip black ; 
lower mandible horny brown-black; feet brownish black: " naked 
skin of the cheeks white ; iris yellow " (Wied). Total length about 
14 inches, wing 7*4, tail 7, bill 1*3, tarsus 0*65. 

Female. Like the male, only a little smaller. 

Young. No red feathers on the bend of the wing and along the 
carpal edge, which are green; only the middle under wing-coverts 
red ,* perhaps in the very young bird the whole of the under wing-
coverts green. 

Hah. Brazil from Para to Matogrosso and the Eastern Provinces. 

168 PSITTACID^. 
a. Ad. st.
b-f. S S &&et 
juv. sk.
g. $ ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Chapada, Matogrosso, Brazil, 
March, Aug., and September 
(H. H. Smith), 
Cajutuba, Brazil, May (NatJ. 
Gould, Esq. [P.], 
Sarvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
terer). 
Para. Sclater Coll. 

15. Ara hahni. 
Psittacus nobilis, Halm (nee Linn.), Vog. cats As. etc. Lief. xiii. t. 2 

(1822). 
Pavouane Parrakeet, var. A, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 156 (1822). 
Conurus nobilis, Cab. (nee Linn.) in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 729 (1848). 
Psittacara hahni, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 58; Bp. 

Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 16; Soiiance, Icon. Perr. pi. vi. 
(1857). 
Conurus hahni, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 32 (1859); id. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 146, n. 8093 (1870). 
Arara hahni, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 8 (syn. emend.) (1864); 
id. op. cit. Revue, p. 3 (1874). 
Sittace hahni, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 426 (1867), ii. p. 944 (1868); id. 

P. 2. & 1870, p. 586; Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 256, 445, Hi (1871); 
Gieb. Tkes. Orn. iii. p. 495 (1877); Rcknw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 271 (Consp. Psitt. p. 159); id. Vogelbild. text of pi. Ixxii. f. 6 
(1878-83). 
Conurus cyanothrix, Natt.MS.,Jide Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 427 (1867). 
Ara hahni, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 880; Sclat. $ Salv. Komencl. Ar. 

Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 15 (1873); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 341 
(1883) ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 67. 

Adult male. Similar to the male of A. nohilis, only smaller and 
with the bill entirely horny black. Total length 13 inches, wing 6'5, 
tail 5-8, bill 1-2 to 1*0, tarsus 1-5. 

Hob. Guiana, Trinidad, and Eio Braneo. 

A. hahni, like the preceding species, shows sometimes a few 
red feathers on the thighs. 
a. Ad. sk. Surinam, Guiana. Sclater ColL 
b. Ad. sk. Maroni R., Surinam (Verdeg). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. British Guiana. K. Schomburgk T?.]. 
d, e. S $ ad. sk. Boraima, Brit. Guiana, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Whitely). 

Ad. sk. Trinidad. 
Purchased. 

c? ad. sk. Bio Brancho, Brazil, Feb. Salvin-Godman ColL 

9* 

(Natterer). 

h. Ad. sk. Rio Brancho, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater ColL 
5. 
RHY¥CH0PSITTACTJS. 
Type. 
Rhyncopsitta, Bp. Mev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
P-149 R. pachyrhynchus. 
Range. Prom Southern Texas to Central Mexico. 

5. RHTOCH0P8ITTA01T8. 
1. Ehynchopsittacus pachyrhynchus. 
Macrocercus packyrhynchiis, Sw. Phil. Mao. new ser. i. p. 439 
(1827). 
Psittacus strenims, Z^'cR Preis-Verz. Medico, p. 1 (1880): id. Journ. 

f. Orn. 1863, p. 54. 
Psittacus pascha, Wagl. Isis, 1831, p. 525. 
Sittace pachyrhyncha, Wagl. Mm. Psitt. p. 667, t. xxv. (1832) j 
Hartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. 'Mus. p. 86 (1844); Finsch, Papag. i. 

p. 428 (1867); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 497 (1877). 
Psittacus pachyrliynchus, Halm, Orn. Atl, Papaq. p. 94, t. 73 
(1840). 
Ara pachyrhyncha, 
#. i2. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 412, n. 7 (1845); 
id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 29 (I860): Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, 

p. 368. 
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 149, 
n. 13; SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 57* Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 30; Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. v. 
(1857) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 230; Baird, B. of N. Am. p. 66 
(1858) ; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 145, n. 8085 (1870); Salvin, 
Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 91; Sel. § Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill 
(1873) ; Salvin, Cat. B. Strichl. Coll. p. 464 (1882) ; Ridqio. Man. 
N. Am. B. p. 269, pi. lxxvii. f. 2 (1887); Cooke, Rev. B. Migr. 
Miss. Valley, p. 124 (1888) ; Salv. $ Godm. Ibis, 1889, p. 242. 
Conurus pachyrliynchus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. ] 1 (1864); 
id. op. cit. Revue, p. 3 (1874); Rchmv. Jonm.f. Orn. 1881, p. 273 
{Consp. Psitt. p. 161) ; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 78 (1883). 

Adult male. Green, cheeks and ear-coverts brighter; sinciput, 
lores, a broad superciliary stripe, edge and bend of the wing, some 
feathers on the carpal edge, and thighs dark red; a blackish-brown 
spot in front of the eyes; greater under wing-coverts yellow; 
quills underneath blackish, the tail underneath also blackish with 
a slight olive tinge : bill black; feet blackish. Total length about 
17 inches, wing 11 to 10*5, tail 7*4, bill 1*6, tarsus 7*5. 

Female. Exactly like the male. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the red on the sinciput 
less extended, no red superciliary stripe, the lores brown-red, much 
less red colour on the bend of the wing and carpal edge, and the bill 
horn-whitish, except at the base of the edges of the upper mandible, 
where it is horn-blackish. 
Hal. Central and Northern Mexico and South-western Texas. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Mexico. 
Mexico. 
J. Baker, Esq. [P.]. 
Purchased. 
c. Juv. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
f 9in- d ? ad. 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). 
CiudadDurango,Mexico, July, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
et S imm. sk.
i. Juv. sk. 
Nov. (A. Forrer). 
Mexico. Gould Coll. 

170 
PSTTTAOIDJE. 

G. CONUKUS. Type 
Conurufl, KuM, Ctmsp, Psitt. p. 4 (1820); Sw. 
Clms. B. ii. p. 800 (1887) C. leucoplithalmus. 
Aratinga, tipu, A v. Bras. i. p. 29 (1824) 

(=OonuruH). 
l\sittacara, Vig. Zool Joitm. ii. p. 888 (1825) . C. leucoplithalmus. 
Aram, Less, (nee iSpix) Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 143 

(1828); C. leucoplithalmus. 
Psittacus, wubgen. Guarouba, Less. Tr. dPOrn. 

p. 210 (1881) ^ >g . 0. guarouba. 
Maracana, Des Murs *, in Chenu, JSnc. (PlUst. 
Nat., Ois. i. p. 103 (1851 ?); id. in Casteln. 
Exp. Am. Sud, Zool. i. Ois. p. 18, pi. ii (^1855) 
( = Oonurus). 


Eupsittula, Bp. Compt. Rendus. Ac. Sc. Paris, 

xxxvii. p. 807 (1858) C. canicularis. 
Nandayus, Bp. Mev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 150 0. nenday. 
Ileliopsitta, Bp. ibid 0. guarouba. 
Evopbitta, Bp. I. c. p. 151 0. euops. 
Maracara, Des Murs (1851), fide G. M. Gr. 
List Gen. $ Subgen. B. p. 87 (1855). 
Aratinga, Bp. Naiimannia, 1856 {nee 1854), 
Consp, Psitt. gen. 8 0. guarouba. 
Eupsittaca, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 335 
(=Eupsittula). * . 


Range. From Mexico, through Central America and West Indies 
to South America as far as Bolivia and Paraguay. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Tail green, with the inner webs of the rectrices 
dull red. 
a'. 
Pileum and sides of the head dull blue; 
upper mandible whitish, under mandible 
blackish acuticaudatus) p. 172. 

V. 
Only the anterior part of the pileum blue ; 
sides of the head green ; both mandibles 
whitish Jimmorrhous, p. 173. 
6. 
Tail entirely yellow, like the rest of the 
plumage, except the quills, which are green; 
bill thick, under inaudible very broad guarouba, p. 174. 
c. 
Tail underneath blackish or very dark olive; 
wings with the primary-coverts and quills 
more or less blue. 
c'. Head entirely or partly yellow-orange; 
base of tail above distinctly olive, the 
tip blue. 


a". 
Upper and under parts in the adult bird 
yellow, more or less tinged with orange; 


* Pes Murs attributes the genus Maracana to Azara (Voy. dans l'AmeY. 
trier. 1809) (!). I do not know whether the date, 1851, given also by Gray, is 
correct; the firat three volumes of the Birds in Ohenu's * Encyclop&die' were 
reviewed by Hartlaub in 1854, as published in 1853. 
6. CONUBXTS. 
smaller and median upper wing-coverts 
yellowb'\ Upper back green; lower back green, 
tinged with red. 
a"'. Head and neck bright yellow, sides 
of the head tinged with orange-red .

b'". Crown yellow-orange ; forehead, 
lores, and region round the eyes red ; 
cheeks green

cV. Head brown-black
e'. Head dull brown-greyish blue


d. Under surface of the tail olive, more or less 
shining or golden. 
/' . No blue colour on the wings; primary-
coverts and quills green. 
c". Plumage with red patches in the adult 
birds. 
c'". Forehead and crown with a broad red 
patch. 
aK "Whole of the lores red. 
a5. Red of the forehead, crown, and 
lores covering more or less also 
the cheeks. 
a6. Larger; wing 8 to 7*7 inches ; 
frontal edge dark red, edge of 
the wing and carpal region 
greenbB. Smaller ; wing 6-9 inches ; 
frontal edge not of a dark red, 
but uniform with the rest of 
the head; edge of the wing 
and carpal edge redb5. Red of the head covering no part 
of the cheeks, and confined to 
the front part of the pileum ..

bA. Lores near the nostrils red, near the 
eyes green. 
c5. Smaller under wing - coverts red, 
greater ones yellowd3. Smaller under wing - coverts 

d'". No red patch on the forehead. 
c4. Greater under wing-coverts olive 
or yellow. 

e\ Greater under wing-coverts olive. 
c6. Smaller; wing 5*2 inchesdB. Larger: wing 6*7 inches

f5. Greater under wing-coverts 
yellow. 

e6. Cheeks green, if spotted with 
red, only accidentally so ... .
/ 6 . Cheeks 'constantly with red 
patches on the lower part ..
d4: Greater under wing-coverts red ..

d'{. No red whatever in the normal green 
plumage. 
e". Lighter green underneath; feet larger,

 solstitialisj p. 175. 

jendaya, p. 177. 

auricapillus, p. 178. 
nenday, p. 179. 
weddelli, p. 180. 


mitratus, p. 181. 

rubrolarvatus, p. 182. 

frontatuSj p. 183. 

Jonschi, p. 184. 

,184. 

euops, p. 185. 
chloropterus, p. 180. 


leucophthalmus, p. 187. 

callogenysj p. 188. 

mauyei, p. 189. 

holochlorus, p. 189. 

172 
PSITTACID.3E. 

/'" . Deeper green underneath ; feet 
smaller brempes, p. 191. 

•'. Wings 
partly blue ; primary-coverts and 
quills more or less blue. 
e". No broad orange-red patch on the 
forehead. 
g'". No yellow circle round the eyes; 
cheeks green. 
£4. Throat and upper breast dusky 
brown; small feathers between 
the nostrils orange, but not always 
present nanus, p. 191. 

/ 4 . Throat and upper breast olive, more 
or less brown ; small orange 
feathers between the nostrils more 
developed and always present.... aztec, p. 192. 

h'". A yellow circle round the eyes, 
broader below than above, in the 
adult bird. 


g*. Yellow circle round the eyes very 
narrow, pale, and scarcely visible 
above ; lower breast and abdomen 
uniform orange, more or less dull. cactorum, p. 19-4. 

A4. Yellow circle round the eyes more 
orange and broader; ear-coverts 
brown, like the cheeks, 


g5. Crown distinctly tinged with blue, ceruginosus, p. 195. 
A5. Crown green, scarcely tinged 
with blue ocularis, p. 197. 
i'". Forehead, sides of the head, and 
throat entirely yellow-orange pertinax, p. 197. 

f". A broad orange-red or flame-colour 
patch on the forehead, covering more 
or less the anterior part of the crown. 


k"\ Inner webs of the quills olive, frontal 
patch more extended and yellower; 
a yellow-orange circle round the eyes, aureus, p. 199. 

I'". 
Inner webs of the quilis blackish; 
frontal patch less extended and 
redder; no yellow circle round the 
eyes canicularis, p. 201. 

1. Conurus acuticandatns. 
Maracana cabeza azulada, Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Parag. i. p. 421, 
n. 278 (1802). 
Maracana a tete bleue, Azara, Toy. (ed. Sonn.) iii. p. 61 (1809). 
Psittacus acuticaudatus, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 309 (1817); id. Em* 
Mith. iii. p. 1402 (1823). 
Blue-crowned Maccaw, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 113 (1822). 
Conurus acuticaudatus, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 1 (partim) 

(1845); Pes Murs, Icon. Orn. (text part.), pi. 31 (1846); HartL 
Ind. Azar. Apunt. p. 18 (syn. emend.) (1847) ; Sclat Cat. Am. 

B. 
p. 347, n. 2069 (1862); Finsch, Papag. i. p. 450 (1867); 
G. E. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 146, n. 8094 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
i. p. 760 (1872); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 570; Sclat $ Salv. 
Xomencl Ai\ Keotrop. p. Ill, n, 3 (1873); Sclat. $ Salt. P.Z.S. 
6. CONTTRTJS. 
173 
1879, p. 635; Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 276 (Consp. Psitt 

p. 164); White, P. Z S. 1882', p. 621; Behnw. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 
82 (1883); Sclat. List rert. An. 8tlx eel. p. 342 (1883) ; Berl, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1887, p. 121; Sclat. Argent. Om. ii. p. 42 (1889). 
Psittacara acuticaudata, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, 

n. 22; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 5^; Bp. Mmmannia, 
185G, Consp. Psitt. n. 17 (svn, emend.); JSousa, Mm. 
Nac. Lisboa, P&ittaci, p. 8 (1869). 
Evopsitta acuticaudata, Souance, Icon. Pen: pi. iv. (1857). 
Conurus cyanops, G. R. Gr. Zibt Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 33 (1850) ; 
Schleg, MILS. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 11 (1864); G. P. Gr. Iland-tht, 

ii. p. 146, n. 8005 (1870); Schleg. Mm P.-B. Psittaei, Revue. 
p. 3 (1874). 
Conurus f ugax, Burm. Journ. f. Orn. 1860, p. 243; id. lieise La-
Plata St. ii. p. 441 (1861). 
Conurus glaucifrons, Leijbold, Leopoldina, Heft viii. no. 7, p. 52 
(1873) ; id. JEscurs. Pamp. Argent, p. 38 (1873); Fimch, P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 570; Sclat Ibis, 1873, p. 430; Mart. Journ. f. Orn. 
1875, p. 445. 

Adult male. Green; pileum, lores, cheeks, and ear-coverts dull 

blue ; breast in some specimens with a slight bluish tinge ; greater 

under wing-coverts dusky olive; quills green, on the inner webs olive, 
underneath golden olive, dusky toAvards the tips and on the outer 
webs ; tail-feathers green, underneath olive, the lateral feathers 
with the base of the inner webs above dull brown-red, below 
golden red: upper mandible whitish with the tip blackish; under 
mandible blackish; feet yellowish flesh-colour; iris red; naked 
skin round the eyes white. Total length about 14 inches, wing 7*7, 
tail 7-5, bill 1-15, tarsus 0-65. 
Female. Similar to the male. 
Young. Feathers of the pileum green, tipped with blue; cheeks 
green. 
Eab. Bolivia, Paraguay, Northern Argentina, and Uruguay. 
The young bird resembles to a certain extent the following 

species. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
C. Bridges [O.l 
(Type of C. cijanops, uray.) 
b, c. Ad. et juv. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Salvin-Grudman Coll. 

d. 
c? ad. sk. Catamarca, Argentine Pep, Sclater Coll. 
(White). 
e,f. $ $ ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Pep., E. W. White [C.]. 
June, July. 
g,h. (J J ad. sk. Uruguay, Dec. Alan Peel, Esq. [C.]. 

i. Skeleton. 
2. Conurus hsemorrhous. 
? Psittacus nobilis, Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 28 (1769). 
Aratinga haemorrhous, Spit, Au. Bras. i. p. 29, t. xiii. (1824); Steph. 


Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 135 (1826); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t.15 (1842). 
Sittace acuticaudata, Wagl. {nee Vieill.) Mon. Psitt. p. 662 (1832). 
Psittacus acuticaudatus, JSahn (nee Vieill.), Orn. AU., Papag, p. 80 

(syn. emend.) t. 60 (1836). 
Psittacara caeruleofrontata, Bourj. Perr. pi. 17 (1837-38), 

174 
PSITTAOIDiE. 

Oonurua acuticaudatus (part.), G. B. Gr. Gen.B. ii. p. 413, n. 13 (1845) ; 
Burnt, (nee Vieill.) Sgst. Ueb. ii. p. 156 (1856); G. B. Gr. (neo 
Vieill.) List Bsitt. Brit Mus. p. 32 (1859); Schleg. Mus. B.-B. 

Pflitlaci, p. 11 (1864); id. op. cit. Reuue,?. 3 (1874). 
Oonurua modestus, Licht. Nomend. Av. p. 73 (1854). 
Psittacara kromorrhoa, Souanct, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 58. 
Psittacara hjmuorrkoua, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Comp. Bsitt. n. 18. 
Evopsitta hiumorrhoa, SouancS, Icon. Ben. in the text of pi. iv. 

(1857). 

Conurus haomorrhous, Finsch, Bapag. i. p. 453 (1867); G, B. Gr. 
Ilcmd-lid, ii. p. 140, n. 8097 (1870); Belz. Orn. Bras. pp. 256, 
445, lii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 763 (1872); Sclat $ Salv. 
Nomend. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 4 (1873) ; Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. ii. 

f. 
3 (1878-83),- id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 276 (Consp. Bsitt. 
p. 164); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 342 (1883). 
Conurus hsomathorrous, Garr. B. Z. S. 1874, p. 587. 
Adult male. Similar to 0, acuticaudatus, from which it differs in 
having only the forehead and crown bluish, the cheeks green, the 
general x^lumage brighter green, and both mandibles whitish fleshcolour 
; feet dirty flesh-colour ; naked skin round the eyes whitish 
flesh-colour: iris yellow-brown, according to Spix yellow, and to 
Eurmeister orange. Total length about 13 inches, wing 7*1, tail 6, 
bill 1-1, tarsus 0*59. 

Young. "Wants the blue on the forehead and crown" (Von 
Biebold fide Finsch). 
Bab. Brazil, from Bahia to Cujaba in the interior. 

a. Ad. at.
b. Ad. st.
c. Ad. sk. 
S. America. 
Brazil. 
Zoological Soc. Coll. 
Zoological Soc. Coll. 
Massena Coll. 
d. 2 skeleton. Zoological Society. 

3. Conurus guarouba. 
Psittaca brasiliensis lutea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 369 (1760). 
Brasilian Yellow Parrot, Lath. Sgn. i. p. 225, n. 28 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist, ii. p. 146, with var. A (1822) ,• Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, 

p. 449 (1811). 
Psittacus 
guarouba, Gm. S. N. i. p. 320, n. 66 (syn. emend, et excl. 
var. 0) (1788); Buhl, Consp. Bsitt. p. 23 (1820) ; Hahn, Tog. aus 
As. etc. Lief. xiii. t. 4, t. 5 (head) (1822); Voigt, Cuv. JJebers. 

p. 731 (1831) : Halm. Orn. AtL. Bapag. p. 27, t. 13 (1834), p. 44, 
t. 28 (1835). 
Psittacus luteus, Lath, (nee Bodd.) Ind. Orn. i. p. 92, n. 32 (excl. 
var. 0) (1790) ; Licht. Abh. Berl. Akad. 1817, p. 167 ; Vieill. N. 

B. xxv. p. 365 (part.) (1817) $ id. But. Meth. iii. p. 1399 (part.) 
(1823). 
Yellow Maecaw Parrot, Lath. Gen. Bist. ii. p. 144 (1822). 
Psittacus chloropterus, Vieill. Enc. Mtth. iii. p. 1390 (1823). 
Aratinga carolinse august©, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 29 (1824): Steph. 

Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 134 (1826). 
Aratinga carolinse, Spix, Av. Bras. i. t. xii. (1824) j Brehm, Mon. d. 
Bapag. t. 14 (1842). 
Guaruba lutea, Less. Tr. cTOrn. p. 211 (1831). 

6 . CON'TTRITS. 175 
Sittace lutea, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 057 (1832). 
Psittacara guarouba viride-lutea, Boxirj. Perr. pi. 18 (1837-38). 
Conurus luteus, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 7 (1845); Burm. 


Si/st Ueb. ii. p. 166 (1856); G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mas. 

p. 35 (1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Paittaci, p. 16 (1864); Sclat 
P. Z. 8 1867, p. 587; Fimch, Papag. i. p. 455 (1867; ; Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1871, p. 772; Gieb. T/ies. Orn. i. p. 764 (1872) ; Sclat # 
Sab. Nommcl. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 5 (1873); ScJdeg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Pevue, p. 4 (1874); Schmidt, P. Z. S. IbSO, p. 310 ; Sclat 
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 697; id. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 343 (1883). 
Heliopsitta guarouba, Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, n. 31 ; 
Sotiance, Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 60; Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 8 (1869). 

Aratinga guarouba, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 28. 
Aratinga luteus, G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 147, n. 8107 (1870). 
Conurus guaruba, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 256, 445, lii (1871). 

Adult Yellow; quills above dark groen, below golden olive, dusky 
towards the tip and on the outer web : bill horn-yellow; feet fleshcolour 
; iris brown or dark orange. Total length about 14 inches, 
wing 8-6, tail 6*3, bill 145, tarsus 0-65. 

Young. Cheeks and upper wing-coverts with scattered green 
feathers (FinscTi). 
Hab. Para, KE . Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Riocour Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Para. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Para, July {Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Jim. sk. N. Brazil {A. D. Baitlett). Sclater Coll. 
g. $ ad, sk. Zoological Society. 
4. Conurus solstitialis. 
Petit Perroquet d'Angola, Alb. Av. iii. p. 6, pi. 13 (1731). 
Psittaca angolensis lutea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 371 (1760). 
Psittacus solstitialis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 141, n, 12 (1766); Gm. S. JST. 


i. p. 320, n. 12 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 92, n. 31 (1790); 
J. F. Mill. Sf Shaw, Cimelia Physica, p. 11, pi. v. (1796); Shaw, 
Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 448, pi. 65 (from Levaillant) (1811) ; Beckst. 
Kurze Ueb. p. 71 (1811-12); KM, Consp. P*itt p. 27 (1820); 
Vieill. Eric. MSth. iii. p. 1389 (1823); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 727 
(1831). 
Perruche jaune de Cayenne, D'Aubent Pi Enl. 525. 
Psittacus inaculatus, Mull. S. N. Suppl. p. 76, 6 c (1776); Cass. Pr. 


Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 239. 
Guarouba ou Perriche jaune, Buff. Hist Nat Ois. vi, p. 272 (1779). 
Angola Yellow Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 224, n. 27 (1781) ; id. Gen. 

Hist ii. p. 142 (1822). 

Psittacus luteus, Bodd. Tabl. PI Enl p. 30 (1783) (ex PL Enl 525); 
Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 365 (part.) (1817); id. Enc. MSth. iii. p. 1399 
(part.) (1823). 

Perruche Ara Guarouba (male), Levaill. Perr. pi. 18 (1801). 
Perruche Ara Guarouba (femelle), Levaill. Perr. pi. 19 (1801) (var.). 
Perruche Ara Guarouba (jeune), Levaill. Perr. pi. 20 (1801). 

176 PSITTAC'IDJE. 

Psittacus guarouba, Hahn, Toq. am As. etc. Lief. xiii. t. 3 (1822); 
id. Orn. AtL, Papag. p. 27, t 13 (1831). 
Aratinga luteus sive guarouba, Spiv, Ao. Bras. i. p. 30, t. xiv. a 

(1824); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 17 (1852). 
Aratinga solstitialis, Stepft. Gen.'Zool. xiv. p. 135, n. 4 (1826). 
Aratinga guarouba, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 135, n. 5 (1820). 
Conurus solbticialia, part., Less. Tr. cTOrn. p. 212 (1831). 
Sittace solatitialis, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 055 (1832). 
Psittacnria solstitialis, Schomb. Reis. (iuian. u. Orinoho, p. 3/7 

(1841). 

Conurus solstitialis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 9 (1845); Cab. 
in Schomb. Brit. Oman. p. 728 (1848) ; Bp Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1854, p. 150, n. 33 ; Souance, Iiev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. GO ; 
Bp. Naumamria, Consp. Psitt. n. 60; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 166 
(1856) ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. p 36 (1850); Sclat. Cat. 
Am. B. p. 347, n. 2073 (1862); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 17 
(1864)5 Finsch, Papag. i. p. 491 (1867); Soma, Mus. Nae. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 8 (I860) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 147, 

n. 8109 (1870); Pels. Orn. Bras. pp. 257, 446, lii (1871) ; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 767 (1872); Sclat. $ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 112, n. 15 (1873); ScMeg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 4 
(1874) ; Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. ii. f. 6 (1878-83); id.Jour. f. Orn. 
1881, p 278 (Consp. Psitt. p. 166) ; Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. 
p. 343 (1883) ; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 67 ; TV. L. Sclat Ibis, 1887, 
p. 317. 
? Conurus luteus, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 185. 
Conurus maculatus, Cass. Pr. Acad. Philad. 1864, p. 239 (in syn. P. 
maculati)*. 

Adult male. Yellow, tinged with, orange-red on the forehead, 
sides of head, lower breast, abdomen, lower back, and rump, and 
sometimes also on the neck, throat, back, and breast, or all over the 
yellow feathers; under tail-coverts green, tinged with yellow; 
smaller upper wing-coverts and the whole of the under wing-coverts 
yellow ; greater upper wing-coverfcs green, irregularly tipped with 
yellow; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and secondaries dark blue, 
edged with green on the outer edges; primaries with the outer 
web green towards the base, blue towards the tip ; tail olive-green 
towards the base of the feathers, blue towards the tip, the outer 
tail-feather of each side with the whole of the outer web blue ; 
quills and tail-feathers below olive, dusky towards the tips: bill 
dusky horn-colour ; feet flesh-brown. Total length about 12 inches, 
wing 6-2, tail 5'5, bill 0-9, tarsus 0*5. 

Adult female. Like the male. 
Young, Head and neck yellow-orange, more or less green on the 
pileum : forehead, lores, region round the eyes, and ear-coverts 

* The following synonyms also most probably belong to the present 
species:— 
Psittaea mexicana lutea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 370 (1760). 
Psittacus merulinus, Scop. Ann. L Hist. Nat. p. 30 (1769). 
Mexican Yellow Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 226 (1781). 
Psittacus mexicanus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 320 (1788). 
Psittacus luteus, var. /3, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 93 (1790). 
Mexican Yellow Parrakeet, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. % p. 450 (1811). 
Brazilian Yellow Parrot, w . B, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 146 (1822). 

6 . 
COtfTTRUS. 
orange-red; upper back and scapulars green, slightly edged with 
yellow; lower back and rump tinged with red ; upper tail-coverts 
green, with a yellow tinge ; throat greenish ; breast and abdomen 
orange-red; under tail-co/erts green, with paler edges; upper 
wing-coverts green, edged with yellowish; quills, primary-coverts, 
and tail as in the adult bird : bill horn-brown. 

Immature. The immature bird in transitional stage changes the 
green feathers of the back and the wing-coverts into yellow ones ; 
also the olive-green feathers of the lower back and upper tail-coverts 
are changed by moulting into yellow ones; the greenish tinge of 
the throat gradually disappears, and the underparts become more 
and more yellow, tinged with orange. 
Hob. Guiana and Rio Brancho. 

In the young stage this bird shows a great resemblance to C. jendaya 
adult, from which it may be easily distinguished by the yellow 
tinge of the green back, the jellow edges of the upper wing-coverts, 
the greenish tinge of the throat, and by the yellow-orange tinge of 

the lower parts. 
a, b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk.
d. Inim. sk. 
Rio Malm, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
e-p. o* 2 ad. etjuv. sk. 
Quonga, British Guiana, Oct. 
& Nov. (II. Whitely). 
Salvin-Godmau Coil, 

o. Comirus jendaya. 
Jendaya, Marcgr. Hist. rer. not. Bras. ix. p. 200 (1648) ; Lieht. Abh. 

Berl Akad. 1817, p. 167. 

Psittacula brasilieusis lutea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 399 ("1700). 

Yellow-headed Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 224, n. 20 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 142 (1822). 
Psittacus jandaya, Gm. S. N. i. p. 319, n. 65 (1788). 
Psittacus jendaya, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 92, n. 30 (1790); Shmv, Gen. 

Zool. viii. % p. 451 (1811); Bechst Kurze Ueb. p. 71 (1811-12); 
Vieill N. JD. xxv. p. 366 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 94 (1820) ; 
Vieill. Mie. Mith. iii. p. 1399 (1823); Hahn, Dm. Atl.} Papaq. 

p. 78 (partim), t. 58 (1836); Thienem. Fortjtfi. d. ges. Vog. p. 70 
(egg) (184C). 
Psittacus aureus, Donov. (nee G?n.) Natural Reposit. ii. pi. 72 
(1824). 
Aratinga chrysocephalus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 30, t. xiv. (1824); 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 135 (1826) ; Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 10 
(from Spiv) (1842). 

Sittice jendaya, part., 
Wagl Mon. Psitt. ^. 653 (1832) ; Ilartl. Syst. 
Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844). 
Trichoglossus (Psittacus) cruentus, Less. Echo du Monde Sav. 1844, 

p. 126; id. Lescr. d. Mamm. et Ois. p. 186 (1847). 
Conurus jendaya, part., G. R. Gr. Ge?i. B. ii. p. 413, n. 10 (1845) ; 
Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 32 ; Souance, Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 60 (partim) ; Bp. Naumamiia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt. n. 61 (partim); Finscfi, Papag. i. p. 495 (partim) (1867); 
Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisbon, Psittaci, p. 8 (1809); Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

VOL. XX. 
N 

178 
PSITTACIDJE. 

pp. 257, 456 (1871); Sclat. $ Salv. Nomencl Av. Keotrop. p. 112, 

B. 16 (partim) (1873) ; Qarrad, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 405, 633, 1874, 
p. 587 ; Rchnw. Voc/eMUl t. ii. f. 5 (1878-83) : Forbes. Ibis. 1881, 
p. 351; Salv. Cat B. Strickl. Coll. p. 465 (1882); Sclat List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 343(1883). 
Psittacus auriconms, Thienem. FoHpfi. d. ges. Yog. t. xiv. f. 9 (eggr) 
(1846). 
Conurus jandaya, part., G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. p. 30 i 1&59) ; 
Sclat.'Cat. Am. B. p. 347, n. 2072 (1802); Schleg. Jlus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 18 (part, and &vn. emend.) (1864) ; G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
p. 147, n. 8110 (paitim) (1870). 

Conurus 
pyocephalus, part., Rchnw. Juiirn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 270 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 167). 

Adult Head and neck yellow, more or less tinged with orange-
red on the forehead, sides of the head, and especially round the 
naked periophthalmic region, and on the throat; back, scapulars, 
and upper tail-coverts green; feathers of the lower back and rump 
edged with orange-red; breast and abdomen orange-red; upper 
wing-coverts green; bastard wing, primary-coverts, and secondaries 
blue; primaries blue, with the base of the outer web green ; inner 
web of the quills, their under surface, and greater under wing-
coverts blackish; carpal edge green; smaller under wing-coverts 
orange-red; under tail-coverts green, sometimes with a bluish 
tinge; tail above blue, with the base olive, below black, tinged with 
olive towards the base of the inner web of the feathers; the outer 
tail-feather above entirely blue: bill dusky horn-colour; feet 
blackish; "iris brown" (FinscJi), ugveyv (Bunneister). Total 
length about 12 inches, wing 6*1, tail 5*6, bill 0*9, tarsus 0*55. 

Hah, Eastern Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Zoological Society. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Cull. 
d. Ad. sk. Pemambuco, Brazil (Crave?*). Sclater Cull. 
6. Conurus auricapillus. 
Psittacus auricapillus, Licht. apud JZuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 20 (1820); 
III. apud Licht. Verz. JDoubl. p. 6 (1S23); Voit/t, Cue. Ueh. p. 726 
(1831); Nemo. Beitr. iv. p. 178 (1&32,; Hahn, Orn. Aft. v. So, 
t. 19 (1834). 
Psittacus pyocephalus, Halm, Vdg. aus As. etc. Lief. siv. t. 1 
(1822). 
Aratinga aurifrons, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 32, t. xvi. f. 1, 2 (1824); 

Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 136 (1826); Brehm, Mon. i. Papag. 1.16 h 

(1842) {from Spix). 

Psittacara auricapillus, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 3S9 (1825). 

? Psittacus solstitialis, juv., Voigt, Cuv. Ueb. p. 720 (1831). 

Arara auricapillus, Less. Tr. a? Orn. p. 188 (1831). 

Conurus auricaxiillus, Less. Tr. tfOm. p. 212 (1831); Bourj. Perr. 

pi. 42, 42 bis (1837-38); Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 73 (1854); Burm. 
Sgst Ueb. ii. p. 167 (1856) (syn. emend.); Sclat. P.Z.S. 1879, 

p. 821; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 343 (1883). 
Sittace jendaja, part., Waal. Man. Psitt p. 653 (av. fan. and hornot.) 
(1832). 

6. CONUBTTS. 
179 
Psittacus clirysoceplialus (errore), Hahn, Orn. Ail, Papag. p. 79, in 
synonymia Psittacijendayce (1834). 

Conurus jendaya, part., G. E. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 10 (1845); 
Souance, Bev. et May. de Zool. 1856, p. 60 (partim); Bp. Nanmannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt n. 61 (partim); Finsch^ Papag. i. 

p. 4$5 (partim) (1867); Sclat 4" JSalv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 112, n. 16 (nartini) (1873). 
Aratinga auricapilla, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, n. 46. 
Conurus jandaya, part., G. M. Gr! List Psitt Brit Mas. p. 36 
(1859); Sckd. Cat. Am. B. p. 347, n. 2072 (1862); Schley. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 18 (partim et syn. emend.) (1864); G. B, Gr. 
Band-list, p. 147, n. 8110 (partim) (1870). 

Conurus jendaya, 
var. meridionalis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 257, 456, 
Hi (1871). J 9 M > * 
Conurus pyrocephalus, part., Rchiw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 279 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 167). 

Adult. Very much like O. jendaya, from which it differs in 
having only the front part of the pileum yellow; the occiput and 
hind neck green; the sides of the head green, more or less tinged 
with yellow; a red tinge round the naked periocular region and on 
the ear-coverts ; throat and upper breast green; rest of the breast 
and abdomen red, showing more or less the green bases of the 
feathers. Size of C. jendaya. 


Young. Differs from the adult in having no red edges, or scarcely 
any, to the feathers of the lower back and rump, the cheeks deeper 
and purer green, the red on the lower parts confined to the sides 
and to the abdomen. 


Eab. Eastern Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Q-odman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bahia (Wuclierer). Sclater Coll. 
d-f. Ad. sk. Bahia ( Wueherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sul, Brazil (Joyner). 
h. Imm. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
i. k Ad. sk. [Upper Amazons.l K. Bowdler SJiarpe, 
L ** Esq., LL.D. [P.]. 
/. <$ ad. sk. S. America. Zool Soc. Coll. * 

7. Conurus nenday. 
Nenday, Azara, Apunt. Mist Nat. Paray. p. 422, n. 279 (1803); id. 
Voy. (ed. Sonn.) iii. p. 62 (1809). 
Psittacus melanocephalus, Vieill. (nee Lath.) N. D. xxv. p. 366 

(1817). 
Hooded Parrot, var. A, Lath. Gen. Rist ii, p. 258 (1822). 
Psittacus nenday, Vieill. Bnc. MUh. iii. p. 1400 (1823) ; Beam. Diet. 

8c. Nat xxxix. p. 124 (1826). 
Sittace nenday, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 646 (1832). 
Psittacara nanday, Bourj. Perr. pi. 20. (1837-38). ^ ^nt^ ^ 
Conurus nenday, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 19 (184o); Ilartl 

Index Azara Apunt. p. 18 (1847). 
s2 


180 
PSITTACIDJE. 

Conurus armillaris, Liclit. Nomencl. Av. p. 73 (1854); Bchmo. Vogelhild. 
t. xxii. f. 5 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1879, p. 21% 1881, 

p. 272 (Consp. Psitt. p. 100). 
Nandayus melanoceplialus, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, 
33. 30; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 60; Bp. Xaumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 31. 
Conurus 
nandav, G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 35 (1859) ; 
Selat. Cat. Am. B. p. 347, n. 2071 (1862); Schleg. Mas. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 10 (1864); FinscJu Papag.i p 489(1807); Gieb. Thes. 
Dm. i. p. 765 (1872) ; Sclat. $ Salv Xomuid. Av Xeotrop. p. 112, 

n. 14 (1873); Schleg. Jfw. P.-B. PbitUci, Bevm, p. 3 (1^74); 
Garrod, P. Z. S 1S74, p. 5b7: Burnt. P Z. 8. Kb, p. 77; Sclaf. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 342 (16b3) : BtrL Jovrn.f. Orn. Ibb7, 
p. 121. 
Psittacus nrmillaris, III., fide G. It Gr. Lht Psitt. But. 3fu*. p. 35 
(1859). 
Nandayus nanday, G. B. Gr. PBmd-list, ii. p. 147, n. 8100(1870). 
Conurus nanday a, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 3<^3. 
Conurus melanoceplialus, Bchmc. Jovrn.f. Orn. 1851, p. 280 ( Cony>. 

Psitt p. 168). 

Adult. Green; lower back, rump, breast, abdomen, and smaller 
under wing-coverts yellowish green ; bead and chin blackibh brown ; 
lower part of the throat washed with blue; thighs red; bastard 
wing and primary-coverts blue, edged with green on the outer web ; 
primaries blue, with the outer web green; secondaries blue, the 
tertials green on the outer web: quills underneath and greater 
under wing-coverts blackish; tail above olive-green, blue towards 
the tip, underneath blackish : bill horn-brown ; feet and iris brown. 
Total length about 12 inches, wing 7*3, tail 6, bill 0*95, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. Duller. 
Bab. Paraguay. 
«„ Ad. sk. Paraguay. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. [Buenos* Ayres.' Sclater Coll. 

8. Conurus wed&elli 
Conurus weddellii, Deville, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 209; Bp. 
Bev. et 3Iag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 41; Souance', Bev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1856, p. 61 ; Bp. Xaumannia, 1850, Consp. Pdtt. n. 61 ; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. pL xiii, (1857); Sclaf, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 76; 

G. B. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mies. p. 39 (1859); Schleg. Mt®. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 10 (1864); Sclat $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 197 * Finsch, 
Papag. i. p. 467 (1862); Sousa, 3Ius. Xac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 8 
(1869); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, n. 8118 (1870); Pelz. 
Om. Bras. pp. 258, 446, Hi (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 767 
(1872); Sclat. $ Salv. P.Z.S. 1873, p. 299; iid. Nomencl Av. 
Xeotrop. p. 112, n. 17 (1873); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, 
p. 3 (1874); Sclat. P. Z.S. 1879, p. 635; Bchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 281 (Consp. Psitt. p. 169) ; Pelz. Yerh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 
1882, p. 448 ; Bchmo. Vogelbild. Kaehtr. 84 (1883) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. 
iii. p. 200, Tabl. p. 99 (1886); Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat Hist. ii. 
p. 104 (1889); Garlepp, Jour. f Orn. 1889, p. 291; Berlepsch, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1889, p. 314. 
6 . COKXTBUS. 
181 
Maracana weddelli, 0. DesMurs, in Casteln. Krped. Am. du Sud, Ois, 

p. 13, pi. 2 (1855) ; Hard. Journ.f. Orn. 3857, p. 42. 
Conurus poliocephalus, Natt. MS., fide Fimch, Papag. i. p. 408 
Psittacus senex, Natt. Cat. MS. antea, et 
Sittace poliocephala, Natt. Cat. MS., fide Peh. Orn. Bras, p. 258 
(1871). J * 

Adidt male. Green, with a slight olive tinge on the tipper parts; 
head greyish brown, with the tips of the feathers dull blue; throat 

an(^

 upper breast green, with bluish reflections; lower breast, 
abdomen, and tinder wing-coverts yellowish green; under tail-
coverts green; quills deep blue, the primaries green towards the 
base of the outer webs; first primary black, edged with blue on 
the outer web; bastard wing and primary-coverts deep blue; 
greater under wing-coverts blackish, slightly edged with bluish or 
green; tail above blue, with the base of the feathers green, the 
outer ones blue, with scarcely any green ; quills and tail underneath 
blackish: bill horn-brown ; feet dusky ; naked skin round the eyes 
pale. Total length about 12 inches, wing 5-5, tail 4, bill 0*85, 
tarsus 0*52. 
Female. Like the male. 
Blab. Interior of Brazil, Ecuador, Eastern Peru and Bolivia. 

u. Ad. sk.
&> Ad. sk.
€. g ad. sk,
' ,,
d, e. 4.cL sk.
/ , ff> 6 2 &&•
sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven). 
Eng. do Gama, Brazil, July(Natterer). 
Eng. do Gama, Brazil, July 
(Natterer). 
Sarayacti, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Elvira, E. Peiu, Dec. (Ilauxwell), 
Peru. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
SaUin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
L Ad. sk. Bolivia. C. Bridges [0.]. 

9. Conurus mitratus* 
Conurus 
mitratus, Tsch. Wieym. Archii\ 1844, p. 304, n. 258; id. 
Faun. Per., Ares, p. 271, t.'xxvi. I 2 (1844) ; G. R. Or. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 414, n. 38 (1845); Lafr. Rev. et Mat/, de Zool. 1840, p. 243; 
Hartl. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1849, p. 274; G. R. Gr. List PsitL 
Brit. Mus. p. 34 (1859); Fmsch, Papa//, i. p. 4(51 (18(37); Gieb. 
T/ies. Orn. i. p. 764 (1872) ; SclaL § Sah\ Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 112, n. 7 (1873); Tacx. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 549; Sclab &r Solo. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 635 ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 211; Rehnw. down. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 273 (Comp. Pdit. p. 161) ; id. VogeWild. text of 
'pi. xxii. lig. 7 (1883); Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 193, Tabl. p. 99 (1886);, 
Sclat. Argent. Orn. ii. p. 43 (1889). 
Psittacara iiiitrata, Pp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854:, p. 150, n. 24; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 59; Soma, Mas. Nao. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 8 (1869). 

Evopsitta 
mitrata, Pp. Natimannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 20; 
Souanci, Icon. Perr. pi, xxi. (1857); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 140, n. 8101 (1870). 
Conurus hilaris, Burm. Jour. f\ Orn. 1800, p. 243 (de&cr. falsa); id. 
La-IHata Reise, ii. p. 442 (1861); Finsch, Papag. i. p. 464 (1867); 

182 
PSITTACTXJ^. 

Burm. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 75; id. Wiegm. Arch. 1872, pt 1, p. 100 ; 
Rchnw. Voqelbild. text of pi. xxii. f. 7 (1883). 
Evopsitta hilaris, G. R. Gr. Handlist, ii. p. 146, n. 8104 (1820). 

Adult male. Green; forehead dark red; sinciput, lores, periocular 
region, and more or less the cbeeks and sometimes also part of the 
ear-coverts, red; scattered red feathers are to be found sometimes 
on the head, neck, chin, bend of the wings, thighs, upper tail-coverts, 
and underparts; greater under wing-coverts, quills, and tail underneath 
olive, dusky towards the tips of the feather> : first quill 
washed with bluish on the outer web: bill whitish: feet yellowish 
brown; iris orange-yellow, witb an inner ciicle grey. Total length 
about 15 inches, wing 8 to 7*7, tail 7'2} bill 1*3, tardus 0*0. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller. 
An apparently young bird has scarcely any reel below the eyes. 
Hah. Peru, Bolivia, and Tucuman. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Consata, Bolivia {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Cull. 

c. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
C. Bridget* TV] 
d. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Colt 
e. Ad. sk. Bolivian Andes. Pentland, Esq. J[V. 
/ . Ad. sk. Cordova (Schuetz). Sclater Coll. 
\j, h. cf ad. et Tucuman (Burmeister). Sclater Coll. 
ad. sk. 
*. Skeleton. 


10. Conurns rubrolarvatus. 
Psittacara (Psittacus) ervthrosrenys, Less. Echo du Monde Savant, 
1844, p. 486: id. Bescr. Mcimm. et Ois. p. 188 (1847). 
Conurus rubrolarvatus, Mass. fy Souance, lied, et Mag. de Zoo?, 
1854, p. 71; Rchmv. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 273 ( COH^JJ. Psitt. 

p. 163). 
Psittacara rubrilarvata, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, pp. 147, 150, 
n. 27. 
Psittacara erythrogenvs, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 18~jk), 
p. 59. 
Evophitta 
erythrogenvs, Bp. Xaamannia, 1850, Gun^p. Ptiit. n. 27 ; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xxii. (1857); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. 

p. 
140,n.8102(l870). 
Conurus erythrogenvs, 
G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 34 (1850) 
(nee Less. Tr. d?6m. p. 215, 1831) ; Sclat. P. Z. 8 1850, p. 140, 
1800, pp. 71, 287; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 347, n. 2008 (1802j; Fimeh, 
Ned. Tijdschr. JDierh. i. Berigt. p. xv (1803); ScMeg. Mm. P.-B. 
Psittaci,' p. 12 (1804); Fimch, Papag. ii. p. 405 (1867); Gieh. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 702 (1872): Sclat. «J* Sah\ Nomenel. Av. Neotrop. 

p. 112, n. 10 (1873); Schleq. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 3 (1874); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 328; Rchmr. Togelbild. text of pL xxii. 
f. 
4 (1878-83); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 420; Berl. § Tacz. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 573; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 342 (1883) ; 
Tacz. Sr Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 122; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 198, 
Tabl. p. 99 (1886). 
Adult male. Green, underparts a little paler; nearly the whole 
of the head, including the cheeks, the region round the eyes, and 

6. COOTEITS. 
183 
chin, red; edge and bend of the wing, carpal edge, under wing


eoverts, and thighs also red ; greater under wing-coverts, quills, and 

tail-feathers underneath olive, the quills towards the tip and on the 

outer web dusky : bill yellowish white; naked skin round the 

eyes pale yellow; irides yellow. Total length 13-5 inches, wing 6--9, 

tail 6-S, biH 1*03, tarsus 0-65. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the red of the head much 

reduced and confined to the binciput and to a few spots on the 

cheeks; also on the wings there is much less red, only a few 

feathers along the edge of the wing and the middle under wing-

coverts being stained with red. 

Hab. Ecuador and Peru. 

a-c. Ad. sk. Payta, Peru, Jan. (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. Massena Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
e. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Eraser). Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk, Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Imm. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Illingworth). 
h. Skeleton. Guayaquil. 
11. Conurus frontatus. 
Conurus frontatus, 
Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 272 (note) (1844) 
(nee Phittacava frontata, Viq. 182o); Lafr. lieu, et Mag. de Zool. 
1840, p. 243; G. B. Gr. 'List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 34 (185U); 
Finsch, Papag. i. p. 462 (1867); Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 92; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 762 (1872); Sclat. $ Solo. Komencl Av. Neotrop. 

p. 112, n. 8 (1873); Jtcftnw. Voqelbild. t. xxii. f. 7 (1878-83); 
id. Journ./. Orn. 1881, p. 274 (Consp. Psitt p. 162); Tacz. Om. 
Per. iii. p. 197, Tabl. p. 99 (1880). 
PArara 
prasina, Less. Echo du Monde Savant, 1844, p. 127,* id. 
Deser. Mamm. et Ois. p. 190 (1847). 
Evopsitta frontata, Bp. Natwtanma, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 20* 

G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 146, n. 8103 (1870). 
Conurus rubrifrons, Natt. MS. in Mies. Vindob. (fide Finsch, I. c.) *. 
Adult male. Green, underparts paler, with the shafts of the 
feathers black; forehead, crown, lores, edge and bend of the wings, 
the lower part of the carpal edge, and thighs scarlet; greater 
under wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers olive, the quills dusky 
towards the tip; tail above green, the two central feathers washed 
with blue towards the tip: bill yellowish white ; feet greyish. Total 
length about 15-5 inches, wing 8-3, tail 7*6, bill 1*2; tarsus 0*7. 

Bab. Peru and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. San Jos£, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
5, c. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll. 
* Perhaps also the following synonyms belong to the present species:— 
Paittacus lunatus, Bech&t. Lath. JJeb. p. 82, n. 88 (1811); id, Abbild. 
naturk Geyenstclnde, Yiii. t. 94 (171)3-1809); Kuhl, Consp. p. 36 (1820). 
Eos cervicalis, Waql. (neeLath.) Mon. Psitt. p. 561 (syn. emend.) (1832). 
Triehoglossus cervicalis (part.), G. E. dr. List Psitt. lint. Mus. p. 62 (1859). 

184 
PHriTACIDJ<L 

12. Comtrus flnsclri. 
Cummin finsehi, Salt. Ibis, 1871, p. 91, pi. iv.; Gieb. Thes Orn.i. 
p. 702 (1872); Sclat $ Sah. NomencL Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 9 
(1873) ; Jichnv. Jouni, f, Orn. 1881, p. 274 (Consp. Psitt p. 162); 
id. Yogelbild. text of pi xxii. f. 7 (1883); Zeled. Pr. U. S. Nat 
Mas. viii. p. Il l ^Coeta Pica) (1885). 
Adult male (type). Green, a little paler below ; forehead and 
anterior part of the crown red; carpal edge and outermost under 
wing-coverts reel, with an orange tinge, the bases of the feathers 
being yellow ; the greater under wing-coverts yellow, but some of 
them, as well as the under surface of the quills and tail-feathers 
olive, the quills dusky towards the tip and on the outer web ; 
some of the tibial feathers red • innermost under wing-coverts 
green : bill yellowish white ; feet dusky. Total length 11*3 inches, 
wing 6-2, tail 5-2, bill 0-95, tarsus 0-43. 

Young male. A few scattered red feathers on the forehead; bend 
of the wing and carpal edge green ; only the median under wing-
coverts red, the greater ones dusky olive. 

Hah. Yeragua, on the southern slope of the volcano of Chiriqui, 
and Costa Kiea. 

Two out of the three specimens examined seem adult, although 
perhaps not fully so, as in neither are all the greater under wing-
coverts yellow, some of them being dusky olive, the remains of 
immaturity. 

This species differs from G frontatus not only in its smaller size, 
but also and principally in the red of the forehead not reaching the 
eyes, so that the lores are red near the nostrils and green near the 
e}Tes, exactly as in C. ivagleri; it approaches G. leucophtJialmus in 
its yellow greater under wing-coverts. 

a, b. d ad. et Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
juv. t-k. (Types of the species). 

c. 'c? ad. sk. Bug-aba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
13. Conurus wagleri 
Con urns wagleii, 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 4, pi. cii. (1845); 
Marti. Per. et Mat/, do Zool. 1850, p. 158; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, 

p. 102; G. JR. Gr.' List Psift. Brit Mus. p. 34 (1859) ; Sclat. Cat. 
Am. B. p. 347, n. 2007 (1862); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 12 
(L864); Finsch, Papaq. i. p. 459 (1867); Sclat. $ Sah. P. Z. S. 
1808, p. 109; Wt/att, Ibis, 1871, p 381; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 767 
(1872); Scl. Sr Sah. NomencL Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 6 (1873); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 803; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Meme, p. S 
(1874) ; Sclat. $ Sah. Ibis, 1879,' p. 200; Sclat. fy Sah. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 538; Bchnw. YoqelbM. t. xxii. f. 4 (red collar) (187883); 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 274 {Consp. Psitt. p. 162); Sclat. 
List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 342 (1883); Berk Jour. f. Orn. 1884, 
p. 319. 
Conurus erythrochlorus, JSartl. Rev. et Maq. de Zool. 1849, p. 274, 
1850, p. 158; LicM NomencL Av. p. 73 (1854). 
Psittacara wagleri, Bp. Pev. et May. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 21; 
Souance, Per. et Maq. de Zool. 1850, p. 59 ; Soma, Mus. Nac. 
Lisbon, Psittaci, p. 8 (*L800). 

6. coHUKim. 
185 
Evopsitta wagleri, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Comp. Psitt. no. 25; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xx. (1857); G. R. Or. Ha?id-list. ii. p. 14G, 

n. 8100 (1870). 
Psittacus gnatho, 2,ec/tf. m ikfe. J?ej/W. (fide G< It. Or. List Psitt 
Brit. Mus. p. 34; Finsch, Papag. i. p. 459). 

Adult male. Green, underparts a little paler; forehead and 
crown red; sometimes a red band, or only some red feathers, 
across the throat; no red colour on the edge of the wing, or on the 
under wing-coverts, which are green ; greater under wing-coverts, 
under surface of quills and of the tail-feathers olive : bill yellowish 
white; feet dusky; irides yellow. Total length about 14 inches, 

-wing 7, tail 6, bill 1*05, tarsus 0-65. 
Bab. Venezuela and Colombia. 
a. Ad. sk. Sante Fe de Bogota. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. (Type s of the species.) 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota (Crowther). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Attanques, Santa Marta (F. Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Simons). 
f Ad. sk. Medellin. U.S. of Colombia Sclater Coll. 
(Salmon), 
g. Ad. tk. Medellin, U.S. of Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon), 
h. Ad. sk. New Granada. Purchased. 
i. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Purchased. 
k. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Massena Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

14. Conurus euops. 
Psittaca Aquarum Lupiarum Insulae, Briss. Oni. iv. p. 330 (partim) 
(1700). 
Long-tailed green Parrakeet, var. A, Guiane green Parrakeet, Lath. 

b'gn. i. p. 231 (17S1J ,• id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 154 (1822). 
Psittacus runrostris, var. j3. gujanensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 323 (1788). 
Psittacus rufirostris, var. ft Bath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 96 (1790). 
Sittace euops, Wagl Man. Psitt p. 038, t. xxiv. f. 2 (1832). 
Pbittacus euops, Ilalin, Orn. All, Papag. p. 95, t. 74 (1840). 
Conurus guianensis, D'Orb. (nee Gm.) in La Sagra? s Hist. Nat, Cuba, 

Ois. p. 162 (1840) ; Lemb. Aves Cuba, p. 132 (1850); Cab. $ Gundl. 
Joum.f Oni. 1850, p. 106; Selat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 225; Brewer, 
Proe. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist. vii. p. 306 (1860); ? Gundl. Joum.f. 
Orn. 1861, pp. 336, 416. 

Conurus 
euops, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 2G (1845); id. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 33 (partim) (1859); Finsch, Papag, i. p. 474 
(1867); Gundl. Joum.f. Orn. 1871, pp. 271, 277, 288, 291, 293; 
Scl. # Salv. Nomenel Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 13 (1873); Gundl. 
Jour. f. Oni. 1874, p. 164; id. Contr. Orn. Cub. pp. 126, 276 
(1876) ; Cab. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 107 ; lichmu. Jour. f. Om. 
1881, p. 275 (Comp. Psitt. p. 163), 1882, p. 11; id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 79 (1883); Tristr. Ibis, 1884, p. 168 ; Cory, List Birds 

W. L p. 20 (1885); id. Auk, 1886, p. 455 (with figure of the 
head); id. B. of IV. hid p. 178 (1889); Marsh. Papag. p. 55 
(1889). 
186 
PSITTACID^, 

Evopsitta etiops, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 351, n. 77; id. 

Naumamiia, 1886, Consp. Bsitt. n. 24. 
Psittacara euops, Souance^ Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 59. 
Evopsitta typus, Bp.,jide Bp. JS7aumannia, L c. in syn. n. 24. 
Evopsitta euops, Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. vii. £ 1 (nee f. 2) (1857), 

and in the text of pi. viii. (partiro) (1857) ; G. B. Or. Sand-lid, 

ii. p. 14G, n. 8099 (lb70) (parting 
Conurus 
evops, GimdL Bepert. Fidco-Xat. Cuba, i. p. 297 (1866); 
id. Jour. f. Orn. Ib74, p. 164; id. Anal. Soc. E*p. Jlibt. Nat \iii. 

p. 229 (1878). 
? Conurus similis, Xatt. MS. in Mus. Vindoh.,fide Finsch, I. c. 
Conurus enops (errore), Sclat. P. Z. S. 188(3, p 539. 
Adult male. Green, imderparts a little lighter; head and neck 
dotted here and there with red; also the thighs often with some 
red feathers; whole of the smaller under wing-coverts and the 
carpal edge red ; greater under wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers 
below olive, the quills dusky towards the tips : bare skin round the 
eyes bluish white: " bill whitish flesh-colour ; feet pale flesh-colour ; 
iris white-yellow " (Finscli). Total length about 10*5 inches, wTing 
5-2, tail 5, bill 0-8, tarsus 0-53. 

Hab. Cuba. 
a.
b. 
c? ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Cuba, Jan. (C Wright). Smithsonian Inst. "P.". 
Cuba (0. Wright). ScUer Coll. 
lb. Conurus chloroptems. 

Psittacara chloroptera, SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. 59 ; 

id. Icon. Perr. text of pi. vii. (1857). 
Evopsitta chloroptera, Bp. Naumannia, 1S56, Consp. Bbitt. n. 23. 
Evopsitta euopa, part., Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. vii. f. 2 (upper 

figure) (1857). 
Conurus chlorupterus, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 225 ; Sclat. «$• Sale. 

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 234; Cory, Buds Haiti 6r S ui Domingo, p. 113, 
pi. 15(1885); id. LLt Birds IP". Z p. 20 (1^3); Cab. Joum.f. 
Om. 18b5, p. 222; Cory, Auk, IbbO, p. 459; id. Birds W. lid. 
p. 180 (1889). 
Conurus euops, part., G. B. Gr. List Bsitt. Br t. Mus. p. 33 (1830). 
Psiltacus (Conmus) chloroptems, Bryant\ Br. Bobt. Sue. Nat. Ili&t. 
xi. p. 96 (1860). 
Conurus pavua, part., Finsch, Bapag. i. p. 469(1807). 
Conurus leuoophtlialnms, part., G. B. Gr. Hand-hit, ii. p. 145 
n. 8090 (1870)j Bchmv. Jour. f. Orn. lbbl, p. 270 {Consp. 
Bbitt. p. 164). 
Conurus paona (err.), Marsh. Papag. p. 00 (1859). 

Adult male. Yery much like G. euops, from which it differs in 
being larger, in having the general colour a purer green, especially on 
the underparts, and in the red colour of the under wing-coverts being 
brighter and extended also to the hend of the wing. Total length 
12-5 inches, wing 6*7, tail 6, bill 1, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the median under wing-
coverts washed with pale red, and the smaller ones green, edged 
with red; no red colour on the bend of the wing, which is green. 
Bab. San Domingo. 

6„ CONTJETJS. 187 

*Ad. 
sk. San Domingo. Massena Coll. 
, T (Type of species.) 
°Juv. 
st. San Domingo. Massena Coll. 
c Ad. sk. San Domingo (Toogood). Sclater Coll. 
«. ? ad. sk. Samana, San Domingo, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(M. A. Framr: Cory Coll.) 
e,f. 2 ad.sk. Samana, San Domingo. April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(C. B. Cory). 
9> Ad. st.
h- Juv.st. 
Tropical America. Massena Coll. 
Purchased. 

16. Coimnis leucophthaJmus. 
Pbittaca guianensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 332, pi. xxviii. f. 1 (1700). 
Perruche de la Guiana, D'Aubent. PL Enl. 167 et 407. 
Psittacus leucophthalmus, Mull. 8. N. Suppl p. 75, 6 h (1770} (<u* IV. 


Enl 407); Ow*. Pr. Ac, Phil. 1864, p. 230. 
Psittacus notatus, Mull S. N. Suppl p. 75. 6 7c (1776) lex PL Enl 

167); Cass. Pr. Ac. Phil 1864, p. 239. 
Perriche Pavouane, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 255 (1779). 
Pavouane Parrot, Bath. Syn. i. p. 232. n. 34 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. 

ii. p. 155 (1822). 
Psittacus pavua, Bodd. Tahl PL Enl p. 10 (1783). 
Psittacus gujanensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 324, n. 70 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. i. p. 96, n. 41 (1790) ; Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 402 (1811) ; 
Bechst. Lath. JJeb. p. 73 (1811-12); Vieill N. I), xxv. p. 367 
(1817) ; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 19 (partim) (1820); Nemuied, Mem, 

i. p. 52, ii. p. 341 (1820); Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1401 (1823); 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 725 (1831) ; Nemoied. Beitr. iv. p. 169 
(1832); Hah?i, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 44, t. 30 (1835); Thienem. 
Fortpflanz. d. ges. Tog. p. 75, t. xiv. f. 6 (egg) (1846). 
Perruche Ara pavouane, Levaill Per?-, pis. 14, 15 (1801). 
Maracana verde, Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Para//, i. p. 415, n. 275 

(1802). 
Maracana verd, Azara, Voy. (ed. Sonn.), iii. p. 57 (1809). 
Aratinga nobilis sire guianensis, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 30 (1824). 
Psittacara guianensis, Vig. Zool. Journ, ii. p. 389 (1825) j Steph. 

Gen. Zool xiv. p. 115 (1826); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, 

p. 150, n. 20; SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 59; Soma, 
Mtis. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 7 (1869). 
Arara cajana, Less. Tr. d)Om. p. 188 (1831). 
Sittace gujanensis, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 660 (1832) ; Hartl. Sgst. Verz. 

Ges. Mm. p. 80 (1844). 
Conurus pavua, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 3 (1845); Hartl. 
Ind. Azar. Apunt. p. 17 (1847); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. 

p. 31 (1859): Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 340, n. 2004 (1862); Finsch, 
Papag. i. p. 470 (1867) ; Pel*. Orn. Bras. pp. 250, 446, Iii (1871); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 705 (1872); Sclat. $ &**». Nomencl. Av. 
Neotrop. p. 112, n. 12 (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 299; Garrod, 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; Cab. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 107 ; Sclat List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 341 (1883) ; Berl. fy Jhering, Zeitschr. f. ges. 
Orn. 1885, p. 163; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 67 ; Berl. Joum.f. Orn. 
1887, pp. 25, 121; Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 104 
(1889); Garlepp, Joum.f. Orn. 1889, p. 291; Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 
1889, p. 314. 
Conurus cayanensis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B., App. p. 19 (1849). 
Conurus guianensis, Cab, in SHomb. Reise, iii. p. 729 (1848) ; Burm. 


188 
PSITTACID.2E. 

Sgst. Ueb. ii. p. 164 (1856); Sclai. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266; Schleg. 
Dierent. p. 81 (1864); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 12 (1804) ; id. 
op. cit. Mevue, p. 4 (1874); Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p, 199, TabL p. 99 
(1886). 

Aratinga nobilis, Prelim, Monogr. d. Papag. t. 27 (var.) (1852). 
Maracana guianensis, 0. Des Mars, in Casteln. Exp. Am. Sud, Ois. 

p. 15 (1855) ; Marti Joum.f. Orn. 1857, p. 42. 
Evopsitta guianensis, Pp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 21; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. in the text of pi. viii. (1&57). 
Conurus propinquus, Sclai. Cat. Am. B. p. 34(5, n. 2065 (1862) 

(S.E. Brazil); Cab. Joum.f. Orn. 1874, p. 228 (Cantaffallo),1881, 
p. 107, 1885, p. 222. 
Conurus 
leucophthalmus, G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 145, n. 8090 
(1870) ; Rchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 270 {Consp. Psitt p. LJ4); 
id. Vogelbild. Naclitr. 80 (1883). 

Adult male. Green, underparts a little paler; bend of the wing, 
carpal edge, and smaller under wing-coverts red; greater under 
wing-coverts yellow; quills and under tail-coverts golden olive, the 
quills dusky towards the tips and on the outer webs: bill yellowish 
flesh-colour; naked skin round the eyes ashy flesh-colour; feet 
dusky. Total length 13'5 inches, wing 6*9, tail 6-o, bill 1*05, 
tarsus 0*6. 

Young. Has the bend of the wing green and the carpal edge 
yellowish; median under wing-coverts washed with pale red, the 
smaller green edged with pale red, and the greater ones olive edged 
with yellow. 

Eab. Guiana, Trinidad, and Colombia, and through the Amazon 
Valley to Eastern Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. 


a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Ha^sena Coll. 
b. Juv. sk. Yqintos, Peru ( Whitehj). Sclater Coll. 
c. d ad. sk. Borba, Brazil, Bec.(Xatferer). Sdhin-Godman Cull. 
d. Ad. sk. Para. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Guiana. 
Sclater Coll. 
/. 
Ad. sk. British Guiana. Geographical Societv 
[P.], 

g. 
c? ad. * h-k. Chapada, MattogTos-o, Brazil, Sah in-Gudman Coll. 
$ ad. etjuv. Feb., March, AUG:., Sept. 
sk. (H. II. Smith). 
1. Juv. sk. Mattogrosso, Brazil (II. H. Salvin-Gudman Coil. 
Smith), 
m. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Bridtre* Coll. 
n, o. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wvchercr). fciah in-Godman Coll. 
p. 
$ ad. sk. Pelotab, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Gudnian Coll. 
Brazil {Joyner). 
q. Ad. sk. Brazil. ' Sclater Coll. (Type 
of C. propinquus, Selat.) 
17. Conurus callogenys. 
Adult. Similar to C. leucojIJithahai^ but much larger, of a darker 
green, and constantly with red patches on the lower part of the 
cheeks. Total length about 14%> inches, ^ing 7*6, tail (ro, bill 
1*25, tarsus 0*65. 

6 . CONTTRTJS. 189 
Young. JSTo red patches on the lower part of the checks. 
Hah. Eastern Ecuador. 


a. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godraan Coll. [ 
o, c. Ad. sk. Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. | 
(Typos of the species.) 
a-d ad. j e,f. Santa Cruz, Peruvian A ma- E. Bartlett [G1.]. 
$ juv. sk zons, May. 

18. Conuras mangel. 
Psittacara maugei, Souance, Mev. et Mag. de Zoo!. 1856, p. 59; Cab. 
Joum.f. Orn. 1885, p. 222, 
Evopsitta maugei, Bp. JNaumannia, 1856, Corny. Psitt. n. 22; 
SuuancS, Icon. Perr. pi. viii. (1851). 

Oonurus maugei, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 225; G. JR. Gr. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mas. p. 33 (1859) ; Schley. Dierenl p. 81 (1804) ; id. Mm. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 13 (1804) ; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 1J5, 
no. 8091 (1870) j Schley, op. cit. Pevue, p. 4 (1874). 

Conurus pavua, part., Finsth, Papag. i. p. 469 (1807). 
Oonurus euops ?, Gundl. Joum.f. Orn. 1878, pp. 100,184 ; id. Anal 
de Hist. Nat. vii. p. 229 (1878). 

Conurus gundlachi, Cab. Orn. Centralbl. vi. n. i. p. 5 (1881) ; id. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 107; Scdv. $ Sclat. Ibis, 1881, p. 479; 
Bchmv. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 275 (Consp. Psitt. p. 103) ; Gundl 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 401; Bchmv. u. Schil. Journ. f. Om. 
1882, p. 119; Cab. Joum.f. Orn. 1885, p. 222; Cory, Auk, 1886, 

p. 457; id. Birds W. Ind. p. 180 (1889); Marsh. Papag. p. 55 
(1889). 
Larger than C. guianensis, from which it differs in having the 
whole of tho under wing-coverts, greater and smaller, red. (Souance.) 
Total length about 14*5 inches, wing 7*1, tail 4-7, bill 1*03. 

Hab. Porto Rico (?) and Mona Island, between Porto Rico and 
St. Domingo. 

I have not seen a specimen of this species, of which I have no 
doubt (7. gundlachi, Cab., is a synonym. The type in the Museum 
of Paris and a second specimen in that of Leydon are the only ones 
known to exist in museums. Dr. Cabanis described his G. gundlachi 
only from two wings sent to him by Gfundlach for examination. 
This species differs from all the allied ones principally in having 
the greater under wing-coverts, as well as the smaller ones, red. 
Dr. Einsch thought that the specimens referred to C. maugei were 
adult individuals of C. jpavua. 

19. Conurus holocMoras. 
? Psittacus guianensis, Licht. (nee Gm.) Preis-Verz. Thiere v. Mexico, 
p. 1 (1830); id. Joum.f Orn. 1863, p. 54. 
Oonurus holochlorus, Sclat. Ann. $ Mag. N. H. (3) iv. p. 224 (1859) ; 
id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 308; Sclat. &r Salv. Ibis, I860, p. 44; Sclat. 
Cat. Am. B. p. 346, n. 2066 (1862); id. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 177; 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 13 (1864) ; Finsch, Papag. i. p. 466 
(1867); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, n. 8119 (1870); Salv. 
Ibis, 1871, p. 92 ; Gieb. Ihes. Orn. i. p. 763 (1872); Sclat. $ Salv. 

190 PSITTACIDJS. 

Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 11 (1873) ; Schleg. Mus. R-B. 
Psittaci, Revue, p. 4 (1874); Garrod, P. Z. S. 187:3, pp. 4U5, m^ 
1874, p. 587; Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 310; Rcftnic. Juum f, 

Lor. Ann. d. naturhist 'Hofmus. iii. p. 38 (1838); Salv. 4* 
Godm. Ibis, 1889, p. 241. 
Conurud rubritorquis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 18&G, p. 539, pi. Ivi. (var.) ; 
Cab. Joum.f. Orn. 1888, p. 100. 

Adult. Green, with no red colour whatever; underparts paler ; 
greater under wing-coverts, quills, and tail-feathers underneath 
olive, the quills dusky towards the tips and on the outer webs : 
naked skin round the eyes and feet brown flesh-colour; bill yellowish 
flesh-colour; irides brown. Total length about 12'0 inches, wing 
6*9, tail 5-6, bill 1*05, tarsus 0*65. 

Hab. Southern Mexico to Eicaragua. 

Sometimes scattered red feathers or even a red band^ across ftv 
throat, nearly encircling the neck behind, are to be found. An 
individual variety of this description is the type of G. ruhnitjrr^m, 

Sclat. 
a-e. <$ ad. sk. Rio Camache, Nuevo Leon, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, June (F. B. Armf, 
J ad. sk.
strong). 
Sierra Madre, Taniauhpas, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico (W. B. Richardg. 
<J ad. sk.
son). 
Xicotencal, Tarnaulipas, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, May (W. B. 
h. S ad. sk.
Richardson), 
Valles, San Luis Potosi, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, May (W. B. 
i. (S ad. sk.
Richardson). 
Misantla, Mexico, April (F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
Ferrari-Perez), 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll.
of specie?.) 
(Type 
I. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (C. F. Hoge). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. S ad. sk. Hacienda de Tortugas, Jalapa, Salvin-Godman Cull. 
n. Ad. sk.
Nov. (F. 
Mexico. 
Ferrari-Perez), 
R. B. Sliarpe, Esq, 
LL.D. [P.]. 
o. J ad. sk. El Rincon, San Marcos, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guatemala, Oct. (W. B. 
Richardson). 
p. § ad. sk. Santa Maria de Quezalte-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
nango, Guatemala, August 
{W. B. Richardson), 
q-s. Ad. sk. Dueiias, Guatemala (O. Sal-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
vin). 
t. Ad. sk. Dueiias, Guatemala, Nov. (O. Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin), 
u. Ad. sk. San Geronimo, Guatemala, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
May (O. Salvin). 

6. coNURtrs. X91 
v. Ad. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala Sclater Coll. 
, , (O.Salvin). 
.r. Ad. sk. Guatemala (0. &r/ww). Salvm-Godman roll. 
y. Aa. sk.
z. 3 ad. sk.
, en i ,
a. Skeleton. 
[S. America.] 
, 
Mexico. 
_. 
of C. ruhritortnus.) 
Zool. Sue. Gard 
Maasona Coll. 
Sclator Coll. (Typo 
of C. rubritorauls.) 
dens. 
20. Conurus brevipes. 

Conurus holockloms, var. brevipes, Baird, Ann. Li/c. N. Y. 1871, 

p. 54 j Lawr. Pr. Host. Soc. K R. xiv. p. 5>0S (1871) ; id. Mem. 
Bost Soc. N. II. ii. p. 295 (1874). 
Conurus holoclilorus (part.), Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 276 

(Consp. Psitt. ^. 1G4). 
Conurus holochlorus brevipes, Ridgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 270(1887). 

About the size of C. liolocUorus, Sclat., but with weaker feet and 
more deeply green lower parts. Total length 12*3 inches, wing (W>, 
tail 6, bill 1-1, tarsus 0*62. 

Hah. Socorro Island, Western Mexico. 

a. Ad. sk. Socorro Island (Col. Grayson). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
21. Conurus nanus. 
Brown-throated Parrakeet, var., Lath. Syn. i. p. 243 (1781). 

Psittacara nana, Vig. Zool. Journ. v. p. 273 (1830); Lear, Parr. 

pi. 12 (1832); Waql. Mon. Psitt. pp. 640, 741 (1832); Bourj. 

Perr. pi. 24 (from Lear) (1837-88); Benny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 38. 

Conurus nanus, 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 32 (1815); Bp. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, no. 43 ; SouancS, Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1856, p. 61; Bp. Naumannia, 1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 70; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 225 ; Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xii. f. 1 (upper 
&g.) (1857); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 39 (1859); Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1861, p. 79; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 349, n, 2081 (1862); 
Albrecht, Journ./. Orn. 1862, p. 203; March, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Philad. 1863, p. 284; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 14 (1864); 
Mnsch, Papag. i. p. 520 (1867); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, 
n. 8117 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 765 (1872); Sclat # Salv. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 25 (1873); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Revue, p. 4 (1874); A. 8f B. Newt Handb. Jamaica, 
p. 110 (1881); Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 280 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 168) ; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 466 (1882) ; Rchnto. Vogelbild. 
in the text of pi. xxxiii. £ 5 (1883) ; Cory, List Birds W. Ind. 
p. 20 (1885); id. Auk, 1886, p. 456; id. Birds W. hid. p. 179 
(1889); Marsh. Papag. p. 55 (1889). 
Conurus rlaviventer, Gosse (nee Spix), B. Jamaica, p. 263 (1847). 

Adult male. Entire upper plumage bright green, brighter on 
rump, cheeks, and ear-coverts; throat and tipper breast brown; 
lower breast and abdomen dull olive ; under tail-coverts green; 
quills blue, the primaries green towards the base of the outer webs 
and edged with black at the tip, tertials green; bastard-wing and 
primary-coverts green, slightly tinged with blue towards the tips; 
smaller under wing-coverts and axillaries light green; greater under 

192 
rSITTlCID^I. 

wing-coverts and quills underneath blackish ; tail above green, the 
two central feathers more or less tinged with bine at the tip: tail 
below golden-olive: bill whitish; feet dusky; iris pale oranse. 
Total length about 10*5 inches, wing 5*7, tail 5*2, bill O'SS, 

tarsus 0*5. 
Female, Like the male. 
Hah. Jamaica. 
a. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Prreha-ed. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Jamaica. P. II. Go^e "P.". 
d. J ad. sk. Jamaica (CKburn). *st Litt r Coll. " 
e. 9 ad.sk. SpaiiisktoNwi, Jamaica, Nu itli-nnian I >fii i-
March ( W. T. Mai < K ). turn IV. 
/ . S ad. sk. Freeman's Hall, Iielav,m, Salun-'-iudman Cull. 
Jamaica, January (Oshurn). 
g. Sternum and Jamaica. P. II. Go—u "P.". 
shoulder-girdle. 

22. Coimrus aztec. 
Psittacus 
pertinax, juv., Licht. Preib-Verz. d. Sougeth. etc. on> 
Mexico, p. 1 (1830); id. Joum.f. Orn. 1^J3, p. 54/ 
Oonurus astec, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zooi. 1.-57, p. 07; Sdnt. 

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 230; Moore, P. Z. S. 1&59, p. 51); Sclat. «V Hair. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 137 ; Slat. P. Z. S. 1859. p. 3b8; id. Ann. £ May. X. 
II. (3) iv. p. 224 (1850) ; Taylor, Ibis, 18C0, p. 120 ; Sclat $> Sah. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 280, 1870, p. 837; Sah. Ibis, 1&72, p. 313; 
Boncard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 43; Sah. Ibis, 1889, p. 373, 1890, p. ^ . 
Conurus aztec, Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xii. f. 2 (Lmer figure) (1S37); 

G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. p. 38 (1859): Sclaf^Cat Am. IJ 
p. 349, n. 2080 (1862) ; Schley. Mus. P.~B. P-ittaci, p. 21 (1MJ4); 
Lazor. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 184 (1805); Finteh. Papay. 
i. p. 522 (1867); Sousa, Mus. Xac. Lisboa, p. 9 (1&C9); Later. 
Ami. Lye. X. Y. ix. p. 207 (1809); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 147, n. 8112 (1870) ; Sah. Ibis, 1871, p. 93; Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
i. 
p. 700 (1872); Sclat. $ Sah. Xomencl. Ai\ Xeutrop. p. 112, 
n. 26 (1873); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Pattaci, Mevve, p. 0 (1874): 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; Lawr. Bull. U. S. Xat. Mus. no. 4, 
p. 35 (1875); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1^-3. p. 455; Sclat. List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 344 (1883); Xutt. Pr. U. S. Xat. Mu*. vl p. 407 
(1883); Zeled. Pr. TJ. S. Xat. 3Iu*. viii. p. Il l (1S&3); Ilidyir. 
Man. X. Am. Birds, p. 270 (18b7); Sah. fy Godm. Mis, Ib^O, 
p. 241. 
Oonurus asteco, Bp. Compi. Mend. xliv. p. 538 (1857). 
Oonurus frontalis, Xatt. in Mus. Vindob., tide Finsch, Papag. i. p. 522 
(1867); Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 281 (Consp. Psitt. p. 109); 
id. Voyelbild. t. xxxiii. £ 5 (1883). 

Adult male. Upper parts, cheeks, and ear-coverts green; a 
narrow frontal band between the nostrils orange-yellow; throat 
and upper breast brown-olive, with darker shaft-lines; lower breast 
and abdomen olive; flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts green : 
wings and tail as in O. nanus, only the smaller under wing-coverts 
and the axillaries of a lighter and more yellowish green : bill brown 

6. cosnntus. 
193 
horn-colour • feet blackish; iris yellow. Total length about 9*4 

inches, wing 5-1, tail 4*3, bill 07, tarsus 0*45. 
Female. Like the male. 
Young. Wants the orange-yellow band between the nostrils. 

Sab. SouthernCosta Rica. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. £ ad. sk.
c-i. ($; h-m. $
ad. sk.
n, S) o-r. $ ad.
6k.
s, t <$ ad. sk.

u, v. $ ad, sk.

w. 5 ad. sk.
£. 5 ad. sk.
y-b\ S 2 aQt- sk.
e!. J ad. sk.
d'. S ad. sk.
e\ Ad. sk.
fj g\ <J $ ad. sk.
h'. Ad. sk.
i'. <S ad. sk.
k'~m\ Ad. sk.
n'-t'. Ad. sk,
u\ vr. Ad. sk.
w'. Ad. sk.

a?'. Ad. sk.

y'. Ad. sk.

z', a". Ad. sk.

b'\ Ad. sk.

e". $ ad. st.

d". Ad. sk.

e'\ Skeleton, 

VOL. xx. 

 Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and 

 Mexico.

 Mexico. 
Tanrpieo, Mexico, February

 ( W. B. Richardson), 
Misantla, Mexico, March (F. 
D. Godman), 
Misantla, Mexico, December

(M. Trujillo)r 
Vega del Casadero, Mexico,
December (M. Trujillo). 
Sochiapa, Mexico, * January


(M. Trujillo). 
La Antigua, Mexico, September 
(M. Trujillo). 
Playa Vicente, Mexico, Decernber 
(M. Trujillo). 

 S. Lorenzo, Mexico, June (F.
Ferrari-Perez), 
Plan del Rio, Mexico, August

(F. Ferrari-Perez). 
Atoyac, Mexico, April (B.
W. Smith). 
Teapa, Mexico, March (D. W.
Smith), 
Vera 
Cruz, S. Mexico (Boucard), 


 Vera Cruz, S. Mexico. 
Merida, Yucatan, May (G. F,
Gaumer). 
Holbox Island, Yucatan (G.

F. Gaumer). 
Northern 
Yucatan (G. F.
Gaumer). 

 Orange Walk, Brit, Honduras, 
December {G. F. 
Gaumer). 

 Belize, British Honduras

(Leyland), 

 Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Honduras 
(Blancaneaux). 
Cajabon, Vera Paz, Guatemala

(0. Salvin). 
San Pedro, Honduras (<?. M.
Whiitly). 
Honduras (Dyson). 
Costa Rica (Carmiol).


 MassenaOoll. (Type 

of species.) 
Verreaux. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Tweeddale Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 4 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-G odman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Col 
Salvin-Godman Coll 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

194 
rsiTTAClDJS. 

23. Conurns cactortma. 
Psittacus cactorum, Nemo, in Mus. Princ. MaximH.; Kuhl Consp. 
Psitt p. 82 (1820); Neuw. Beis. Bras. ii. pp. 168, 232, 344 (ib21) ; 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 106 (1826); Less. Man. a Orn..ii. p. 149 
(1828) ; Nemo. Beitr. iv. p. 193 (1832); Halm, Orn. AtL, Papag. 

p. 50, t. 35 (pess.) (1835). 
Aratinga flaviventer, Spiv, Av. Bras. p. 33, t. xvin. figs. 1,2 (1624); 
Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 137 (1820); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag t IS. 
Aratinga caixana, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 34, t. xix. f. 1 (var.) (1824); 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 138 (1826) ; Brehm, I. c. 1.18. f. 1. 
Sittace cactorum, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 651 (partim) (1832). 
Pbittaciis lepidus, Halm {nee III), Om.Atl, Papag. t. 79 (not the text) 

(1840). 

Coimrus serugmosus, part., G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 12 (184o)j 
?Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, n. 39 (partim) j Burm. 
(nee Linn.) Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 170 (1856). 

Con urns cactorum, 
Sonance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 61; Bp. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 69; SouancS, Icon, Perr. pi. x. 
(1857) ; G. B. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 38 (1859); Mat. Cat. 
Am. B. p. 348, n. 2078 (1862) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. P&ittaci, p. 21 
(1864) ; Finsch, Papag. i. p. 517 (1867) * G. B. Gr. Hand-list, 

ii. p. 148, n. 8116 (1870); Pete. Orn. Bras. p. 258 (note), 
p. 446 (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 7<»1 (1872) ; Sclat. $ Sab. 
Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 24 (1873) ; Schleg. Mns. P.-B. 
P&ittaci, Bevue, p. 5 (1874); Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1879, p. 222; 
Bchmo. Vogelbild. t. xvii. f. 3 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 281 (Consp. Psitt. p. 169); Forb. Ibis, 1881, p. 352; Sclat. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 344 (1883) ; Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat Hist. 
ii. p. 263 (1889). 
Adult male. Upper parts green, pileum pale brown, lighter on the 
edges of the feathers and blending on the nape in the green colour of 
the back; lores, cheeks, throat, sides of the neck, and upper breast 
pale brown; a yellow line below the eyes, edging the upper ear-coverts; 
ear-coverts green: lower breast and abdomen dull orange; flanks, 
thighs, and under tail-coverts yellowish green; bastard-wing and 
primary-coverts green with a slight bluish tinge, especially on the 
inner webs - primaries bluish green, greener towards the bases of 
the outer webs • secondaries greenish blue; all the quills tipped 
with blackish; carpal edge yellowish in the middle; smaller 
under wing-coverts yellow-green, the greater ones and quills below 
blackish grey; tail above green, with the four central feathers blue 
towards the tips, below golden olive with the outer webs dusky : 
upper mandible whitish, under mandible horn-brown; feet pale 
horn-brown; iris orange. Total length, about 10*2 inches, wing 5*7, 
tail 5*1, bill 0*75, tarsus 0*45. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the pileum green, with 
no brown tinge; the throat and upper breast olive; the lower breast 
and abdomen olive, with an orange tinge towards the tip of the 
feathers. 

Hah. South-eastern Brazil. 
Specimens b and c differ from a in being a little smaller, of 

6. COTCRUS.
a brighter green, and in having the brown colour of the head 
with a slight bluish tinge, the cheeks greener, and the orange 
colour of the lower breast and abdomen paler. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
h, c. Ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Juv. sk. Bahia. 
Purchased. 
e. $ ad. sk. Bahia. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
f. 
Ad. sk. Purchased. 
24. Conurus aruginosiis. 
Brown-throated Parrakeet, JEdw. Birds, iv. pi, 177 (1851); Lath. 
Syn. i. p. 243, with var. A (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 152, with 
var. A, p. 153 (1822V 

Psittaca martinicana, JBriss. Orn. iv. p. 356 (1760). 
Psittacus seruginosus, Linn. 8. N. I. p. 142, n. 17 (1766) ; Gm, 

8. N. i. p. 323, n. 17 (1788); Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 96, n. 38 
(with var. j8) (1790); 87iaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 455 (1811); Bechst. 
Kurze Ueb. p. 72 (1811-12); Vieill. N. B. xxv. p. 364 (1817) ; 
Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 25 (1820); Vieill. Em. Meth. iii. p. 1398 
(1823). 
Brown-fronted Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 243, n. 41, A (1781). 
Psittacus plumbeus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 326, n. 75 (1788) ; Vieill. N. D. 

xxv. p. 305 (1817). 
Psittacus inornatus, Temm^fide Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 92 (1820). 
Aratinga seruginosus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 139 (1820). 
Sittace cactorum, juv., Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 651 (1832). 
Sittace pertinax, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 652 (1832). 
Psittacus pertinax, Halm {nee Linn.), Orn. Atl., Papag. p. 86 (juv.), 
t. m (1837). 
Conurus seruginosus, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 12 (syn. emend.) 
(1845); Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 39 ; ? Souance, 
Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 60 ; ? Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt n. 68; ? Burm. 8gst Ueb. ii. p. 170 (185G) j G. B. Gr. List 
Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 38 (1859); Sclat. 8? Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 587 
(Rio Negro), 1868, p. 729 ; 8ousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci,p. 8 
(1869); ? G. P. Gr. Hand-list, i. p. 147, n. 8113 (1870); Sclat. 

P. Z. S.1871, p. 493; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 381 (Colombia); Sclat # 
Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 20 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 587; Sclat P. Z.8. 1875, p. 684, 1880, p. 716; Bchmv. 
Vogelbild. t. xvii. f. 5 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 282 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 170); ? Salvin, Cat B. Strickl Coll. p. 405 
(Trinidad) (1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 344 (1883). 
Conurus 
chrysopkrys, Sw. Two Cent and a Quart, pt. 5, n. 120 
(Guiana) (1838); id. Class. B. ii. p. 300 (1837); G.B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 414, n. 37 (1845); Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, n._37; 
SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 60 ; id. Icon. Perr. pi. xi. 
(1857); G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 38 (1859) (Trinidad); 
Sclat. § Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 588; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, 
Psittaci, p. 8 (1869); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, n. 8114 
(1870); Bchmo. Joitrn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 282 (Consp. Psitt V. 170). 
Conurus 
pertinax, Cab. (nee Linn.) in Sclwmb. Guian. iii. p. 728 
(1848); Licit. Nomencl. Av. p. 72 (1854); Burm. Syst Ueb. ii. 

p. 170'(1856); G. JR. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 38 (1859); 
? Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 348, n. 2077 (1802) ; Taylor, Jlis, 1864, 
p. 93 (Venezuela); Schhg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 20 (1864); id.
r 
o2 

196 PSITTACID^l. 

Ned. Tijdschr. DierJc. iii. p. 187 (part.) (1862); Sclat. §* Sato. 

P. Z. £.'1867, p. 588; Finsch, Papag. i. p. 506 (part.) (1867), 
ii. p. 944 (1868); id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 585 (Trinidad); ? Sousa, 
MILS. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaei, p. 8 (1809); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. 
p. 147, n. 8112 (1870); Sclat P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 493, 494; Peh. 
Orn. Bras. pp. 258, 446, Hi (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 766 
(part.) (1872); Sclat. § JSalv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 22 
(Guiana) (1873); Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1879, p. 222 (Guiana and 
Venezuela) ; Salvin, Ibis, 1886, p. 68. 
Conurus chrysogenys, Mass. et Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 72 (Bio Negro, Colombia) ; Sclat. Cat. Am. P. p. 348, n. 2076 
(1862); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaei, p. 21 (1864) ; Sclat. $ Salo. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 588; Rchiw. Vogelbild. t. xvii. £ 4 (1878-83)._ 
Conurus cayennensis; Aliq.,Jide Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
in syn. n. 06. 
Sittace clirysogenys, Natt. MS.,Jide Peh. Orn. Bras. p. 258 (1871). 

Adult male. Green, crown tinged with blue; circle round the 
eyes, broader below, orange-yellow; front, anterior part of the lores, 
cheeks, ear-coverts, and throat drab or brown, more or less fulvous; 
breast, abdomen, under tail-coverts, and smaller under wing-coverts 
yellowish green; an orange patch on the middle of the abdomen; 
bastard-wing and primary-coverts green, bluish towards the tips; 
quills blue, with the outer webs green towards the "base; greater 
under wing-coverts and quills underneath blackish; tail above 
green, with the tip of the central feathers bluish, below golden 
olive : bill horn-brown ; feet brown. Total length 9*7 inches, wing 
5-5, tail 4-3, bill 0-28, tarsus 0-46. 

Adult female. Like the male. 
Young. Similar to the adult, only duller and with the orbital 
yellow circle not well denned. 

Hob. Guiana, Venezuela, and Eio Negro. 

Two specimens from Mr. Sclater's collection, said to be one from 
Bio Negro (Parzu&ala) and the other from Cayenne {Stevens), have 
the orange-yellow orbital ring irregularly extended over the cheeks 
and ear-coverts, and the forehead also tinged with yellow, approaching 
to a certain extent O. pertinax from St. Thomas. 

a-c. Ad. sk. British Guiana (Schomburgk). E. Geograph. Soc. 
[p.].' 

d. Ad. sk. British Guiana. E. Schomburgk [O.]. 
e-g. <$ $ ad.sk. Eoraima, British Guiana, June Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
Ii. Ad. sk.
and November (JT. 
Eoraima, BritishWhitely). 
Guiana, Sclater Coll. 
i-l d $ ad. sk.
June (£C. Whitely). 
Quonga, BritishOctober and Novem 
Guiana,
ber (H. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
m. Ad. sk,
n. Ad. sk. [varo. Ad. sk.
p, q, Ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
Whitely). 
Cayenne.
.], Cayenne. 
Cunaga, Magdalena(Wyatt). 
San Esteban, VeMarch {Goerbig), 
Trinidad. 
Valleynezuela, 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 

6. CONURUS. 197 
*. Ad. sk. Trinidad ? Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t Ad. sk. Trinidad ? Sclater Coll. 
**. (S ad. sk. St. Isabel, Upper Rio Negro, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil, Sept. (.4.22. Wallace), 
v. Ad. st.
to. Ad. sk.
x. Ad. sk. 
Rio Negro. 
Rio Negro ? 
S. America. 
Massena Coll.* 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
?/. Ad. st.
«• d1 ad. sk. 
[Brazil.] 
S. America. 
Massena Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 

25. Conurus ocularis. 
Conurus pertinax?, 
Lawr. (nee Linn.), Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 333 
(1861) ; Finsch, Papacy i. p. 506 (partim) (1807): Gieb. Thes. Orn. 

i. p. 766 (partim) (1872). 
Conurus clirysogenys, Lawr. (nee Mass. et SouancS) Ann. Lyc. N. 
Y. viii. p. 11 (1863); Schleq. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Eeme, p. 5 
(1874). 
Conurus ocularis, 8clat. 8f Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 367, 1867, p. 588; 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 214; Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 93 ; Sdat. $ Sato. 
Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 21 (1873); Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 
1879, p. 222 ; JRchnw. Vogelbild. t. xvii. f. 1 (1878-83) ; id. Jour. 

f. Orn. 1881, p. 282 (Consp. Psitt. p. 170); Peh. u. Lor. Ann. d. 
naturhist. Ilofmtis, iii. p. 38 (1888). 
Conurus ocularius, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, n. 8120 (1870). 
Adult male. Similar to O. wruginosus, from which, it differs in 
having the green pileum scarcely tinged with bluish in the front 
part; the orange ring round the eyes broader below than above, 
where it is slightly indicated, and the abdomen nearly wanting the 
orange patch in the middle. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hab. Yeragua and Panama. 

a. Ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS). Sclater Coll. 
b, e. (S $ ad. sk. Veragua (Aree). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d-f. <3 5 ad. sk. Colobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g, h. <$ 2 ad.sk. Isthmus of Panama {Me- Salvin-G-od-) Types 
Leannan). man Ooll. > of 

i. 
Ad. sk. Panama {McLeannan). Sclater Coll. J species. 
26. Conurus pertinax, 
Psittacus vermis, Linn. Mus. Ad. Fr. i. p. 14 (1754) (ex Friscft, Orn. 
iv. t. 54, tig. inf., 1743). 
Yellow-faced Pairakeet, Fdw. Glean, p. 49, pi. 234 (1758), 
Psittaca illiniaca, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 353 (1760). 
Psittacus pertinax, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 142, n. 15 (1766) t ; Gm. 8. N. 
* Specimen figured by Souance\ Icon. Perr. pi. xi., under the name of 
C. chrysophrys. 
t Linne's description, as one can easily perceive by referring to the original 
one of the same bird in the' Museum Molphi Frederici,' is inaccurate either on 
account of a lapsu calami or a misprint, but his reference to Prison's plate makes 
the identification of 8. pertinax perfectly satisfactory. 

198 
PSITTACID-3E. 

i. p. 322, no. 15 (1788); Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 94, n. 84 (1790); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 445 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 72 
(part.) (1811-12); Tieill. A7". D. xxv. p. 360 (1817); KuM, Consp. 
Psitt. p. 24 (1820); Vieill Fnc. Meth. iii. p. 1395 (1823) ; Halm, 
Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 86, t. 06 (1837); Thienem. Fortpfl. d. ges. 
Fog. p. 75 (1840). 
La Perruclie illinoise, UAuhent, PI Fnl. 528. 
L'Apute-juba, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 209 (1779). 
Illinois Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 228 (1781); id. Gen, Hist. ii. 

p. 148 (1822). 
La Perruclie a front jaune, Levaill. Perr. pis. 34, 35 ('?), 36 (var.), 
37 (?) (1801). 
? Phittacus tui, Ledru (?iec Gm.), Toy. aux lies de Tlntriffe, la Trhiite, 
Saint Thomas, etc., p. 392 (Ifc'lO). 
Pbittacus carolinensis, Kuhl (nee Gm.), Consp. Pbitt. p. 23 (1820) ; 
Wagl. 31o7i. Psitt. p. 743 (av. dub.) (1832). 
Aratinga pertinax, Spiv, Av. Bra*, i. p. 37 (1824); Steph. Gen. Zool. 

xiv. p. 132 (1826); Brehm. Man. de Papag. t. 'I'd {tx Levaillant). 
Conurus aureus, femelle, Less. Tr. cTOr/i. p. 214 (1^31). 
Sittace pertinax, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 652 (part.) (1&32); Hartl 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mas. p. 86 (1844). 

Conurus pertinax, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 11 (1845); Bp. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 36: Souance, Rn\ et Mag, 
de Zool. 1856, p. 60; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Comp. Psitt. n. 66; 
? Sclat. Cat Am. B. p. 348, n. 2077 (1862); Schleg. Mas. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 20 (1864) : Finsch, Papag. i. p. 506 (partim) 
(1867); Buss, Journ.f. Orn. 1869, p. 82; ?Sousa, Mas, Xac. Lisboa, 
Psittaci, p. 8 (1869); Gieb. Tim. Orn. i. p. 766 (part.) (1872) ; 
? Schleg. Mas. P.-B. Pteittaci, Revue, p. 5 (part.) (1874) ; Rehnw. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 283 (Consp. Psitt. p. 171); Marsch. Die 
Papag. p. oo (1889). 

? Conurus canigularis, Thienem. Fortpfl. d. ges. Tog. p. 76 (1846). 
Conurus xanthogenius, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 1 (1850); id. Compt. Rend. 

xxx. p. 132 (1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. %.J; 
id. JSaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n, 63 ; Schleg. JJierent. p. 81 
(1864) ; id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 18 (1864): id. Xed. Tijd^chr. 
Dierk. iii. p. 187 (1866); Sclat. 8? Salv. Xomencl. Av. Keotrap. 
p. 112, n. 23(1873). 
Psittacus barharossa, Licht.,fide Bp. Xaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt 
in syn. n. 66. 
Conurus 
xantkolasnrus, Sclat. Ann. $* Mag. Xat. Hist. (S) iv. p. 225 
(1859); A. § F. Xeict. Ibis, 1859, p. 374 ; Cass. Pr. Acad. Sat 
Sc. Philad. I860, p. 377; Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 348, n. 2079 
(1862); Taxjl. Ibh, 1864, p. 171 ; Sclat. § Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 588; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, n. 8115 (lb70); Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 214; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 787; Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1873, pp. 465, 633,1874, p. 587 ; Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1879, p. 222; 
Rchiio. Togelbild. t. x\ii. f. 8 (1878-83); Sclat. List Tert An. 
8th ed. p. 344 (1883) ; Cory, List B. West Ind. p. 20 (1885); id. 
Auk, 1886, p. 456; id. Birds of W. Ind. p. 179 (1889)/ 
Conurus (?) newtonorum, 
Sclat., Me G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, 
in syn. n. 8115 (1870). 

Adult male. Eorehead, sides of the head, and chin yellow-orange, 
crown with a slight blue tinge; occiput, nape, and rest of upper 
surface green; throat and upper breast olive; lower breast and 
abdomen yellowish green, marked with orange on the middle of 

6. COOTKUS. 199 
the abdomen; bastard-wing and primary-coverts green, bluish towards 
the tips; quills blue, edged with black at the tip, and with the 
outer webs towards the base green; smaller under wing-coverts 
yellowish green, the greater ones blackish, slightly edged with 
yellowish; quills underneath blackish; tail above green, the four 
central feathers bluish towards the tips ; tail below golden olive : 
bill horn-brown; feet dusky. Total length about 10 inches, wing 
5-4, taH 4-4, bill 0*68, tarsus 0*5. 

Female. Like the male. 

Hab. St. Thomas and St. Croix. 

A specimen from Mr. Sclater's collection, labelled S. America, 
appears to have lived in confinement; it is larger than any specimens 
from St. Thomas, and seems to have had flesh-coloured feet. 
Total length 11*5 inches, wing 5*1, tail 5-2, bill 0*93. 

I have not seen specimens from St. Croix *. 

o, b. Ak. sk.
c Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
St. Thomas (F. JR. Newton). 
St. Thomas (F. B. Neioton). 
St. Thomas (Ruse). 
St. Thomas (JR. Swift). 
St. Thomas (JR. Swift). 
St. Thomas (J. Akhurst). 
Prof, A. Newton [P.]. 
(Types of C. xantht-
Imnus, Scl.) 
Sckter Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Smithsonian Institution 
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
i. $ ad. sk. 
[S. America.] 
St. Thomas. 
Sclater Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 

27. Couurus aureus. 
Tui apute-juba, Maregr. Hist, rer. not. Bras. ix. p. 206 (1648) ; 
Lieht Abh. Berl Ahad. 1817, p. 167. 

Golden-crowned Parrakeet, Edw. Glean, v. p. 50, pi. 253 (upper 
figure) (1758); Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 251, n. 54 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist ii. p. 178 (1822). 

Psittaca brasiliensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 337 (1760). 
Perruche a front jaune de Cayenne, DAubent. PL Enl. 838. 
Perriche couronnee d'Or, Buff. Hist Nat Ois. vi. p. 271 (1779). 
Buff-fronted Parrakeet, Lath. Syn JStt^pL p. 61, n. 135 (1787). 
Psittacus aureus, Gm. (nee Shaw) S. N. i. p. 320, n. 87 (1788); 


Bechst.Lath. Ueb. p. 79 (1811); Licht Abh. Berl. -Akad. 1817, 

p. 167 ; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 24 (1820) ; Vieill Eric. MSth. iii. 
p. 1397 (1823); Voifft, Cuv. Uebers. p. 732 (1831); Neuwied, Beitr. 
iv. p. 173 (1832); Hahn, Orn. AtL, Papag. p. 34, 1.17 (1834); 
Dubois, Orn. Gal. pi. 45 (1839). 
* Most likely in Dominica a distinct species exists:— 
Parrot, Ober, Pr. U.S. Nat Mus. 1878, p. 64; Ibis, 1879, p. 211. 
" Apparently allied to Comirus pertmax " (Ibis, 1. c). 
Hab. Dominica. 

200 
PSITTACTD.E. 

Psittacus canicularis, var. j3, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 95^(1790). 
Psittacus brasiliensis, Lath, {nee Linn.), Ind. Orn. i. p. 103, n. 63 


(1790); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 363 (1817). 
La Perruche couronne*e d'Or, Levaill Perr. pi. 41 (1801). 
Maracana frentenaranjada, Azara, Apunt. Hist. nat. Parag. i. p. 426, 

n. 280 (1803). 
Le Maracana a front orange, Azara, Toy. (e&. Sonn.) iii. p. 64 
(1809). 
Psittacus regulus, Shaw, Gen. Zool Tiii. 2, p. 453 (1811) ; ? Gullm. 

P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. ^ 
Psittacus canicularis, Licht. {nee Linn.) JDoubl. Cat. Berl. Mus. p. 6 
(1823). 
Aratinga aureus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 37 (1824); Steph. Gen. Zool. 

xiv. p. 139 (1826); Brelim. Mon. d. Papag. t. 20. 
Conurus aureus, Less. Tr. tfOrn. p. 214 (1831); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. 
ii. p. 413, n. 14 (1845); Hartl. Index Azara Apunt. p. 18 (1847) ; 
Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitf. n. 64; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, 
p. 230; G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mas. p. 37 (1859): Sclat Cat. 
Am. B. p. 348, n. 2074 (1862); Schley. Mas. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 19 
(1864;; Finsch, Papag. i. p. 499 (1867); Sclat § Salv P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 587; Pelz. Orn. Bras, pp.258, 44(5, Hi (lfeTlJ ; Gieh. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 760 (1872); Sclat <$- Salv. Nomencl. Ar. Neotrop. 
p. 112, n. 18 (1873) ; Schleg. Mas. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 5 
(1874); Garrod, P.Z. S. 1874, p. 387; ? Berl. Journ.f. 0/i.lb74, 
p. 283; Rchmu. Vogelbild. t. ii. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 283 {Consp. Psitt. p. 121) ; Salv. Cat. B. Striekl. Coll. 
p. 465 (1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 343 (1883); Sail*. 
Ibis, 1886, p. 68; Berl. Jour. f. Orn. 1887, p. 121; Allen, Bull. 
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. ii. p. 104 (1889). 
Sittace aurea, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 649 (1832); Hartl. Sgsi. Terz. 
Ges.Mus.^ p. 86(1844). 

Conurus canicularis,Cab. {nee Linn.) in Schomb. Brit. Guian. iii. p, 728 
(1848); Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 73 (1854); Bp. Naumannia, 1856, 
Consp. Psitt. n. (?); Burm. Si/st. TJeb. ii. p. 109 (1856); Schleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 19 (18*64); id. op. cit Revue, p. 5 (1874). 

Eupsittula 
aurea, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 43; 
SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 61 ; Soma, Mus. Nac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 9 (1869;; G. R. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 148, 

n. 8123 (1870). 
Eupsittula canicularis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 44. 
Eupsittaca aurea, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1862, p. 335. 
Conurus brasiliensis, Finsch, Nat Tijdschr. JDitrk. i. p. xv (1863). 
Adult male. Green; forehead and crown yellow-orange, vertex 
and lores bluish, a ring round the naked skin surrounding the eves 
orange; cheeks and throat olive, with a slight tinge of bluish; 
breast olive; abdomen, under tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts 
greenish yellow ; primaries and primary-coverts green, more or less 
blue towards the tips, which are black ; inner web of the primaries 
olive; secondaries bine, tertials green ; greater under wing-coverts 
olive ; tail-feathers green, more or less blue towards the tips; quills 
and tail-feathers below golden olive, with the tips and outer webs 
dusky: naked skin round the eyes grey; bill and feet blackish; 
iris yellow-orange. Total length about 10*8 inches, wing 5*9, tail 
5-7, bill 0-7, tarsus 0-5. 

Female. Like the male. 

6. CO-NTTKTJS. 
201 
Bab. Guiana, Amazons 7alley, Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. 
Some specimens want the orbital yellow circle. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Para. R. Graham, Esq. 
\p.]. 

d. 
Ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(Wallace). 
e. 
2 ad. sk, Mexiana, Lower Amazons, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
January (Wallace). 
f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll, 
ff-k. 6 ; Z, m. 2 Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
April, May, and August (H, 
S.Smith), 


n. Ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Sclater Coll. 
o-q. Ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. tf iuim. sk. 
Kio Parana, May (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
28. Conurus canicularis. 
The red and blue-headed Parrakeet, Edw. Birds, iv. p. 176, pi. 176 
(1751); Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 242 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 151 
(1822). 

Psittaca brasiliensis fronte rubra, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 339 (1760). 

Psittacus canicularis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 142, n. 16 (1766) *; Gm. S. 
iV. i. p. 323, n. 16 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 94, n. 37 (1790) ; 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 445 (1811) ; Bechst. Lath. Ueb. p. 72 
(1811-12): Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 364 (1817); Xuhl, Consp. Psitt. 

p. 
25 (1820) ; Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1398 (1823): Voigt, Cuv. 
Ueb. p. 732 (1831). 
Perruche a front rouge du Bresil, D'Aubent, PL Enl. 767 (ex 
Edwards), 
Perriche a front rouge, Buff. Eist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 268 (1779). 
La Perruche a front rouge, Levaill. Pen: i. p. 113, pi. 40 (1801). 
Aratinga canicularis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 139 (1826). 
Psittacus petzii, Leiblein in Mus. Wurzeburg,fide Wagl. Mon. Psitt 

p. 650 (1832) ; Hahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 85, t. 64 (1837). 
Sittace petzii, Wagl Mon. Psitt p. 650 (1832); KartL Syst Vera. 
Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844), 
Psittacus (Arating-a) eburnirostrum, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 135. 
Conurus petzii, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 63 (1845); Bp. 

Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 65; So'uancS, Leon. Perr. pi. ix. 
(1857); Sclat P. Z. S. 1857, p. 230; id. Ann. $ Mag. N. J5T. (3) 

iv. p. 224 (1859); G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 37 (1859); 
Taylor, Ibis, I860, p. 120; Salv. fy Sclat. Ibis, 1860, p. 401; Sclat. 
Cat Am. B. p. 348, n. 2075 (1862) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
p. 20 (1864); Finsch, Papag. i. p. 502 (1861); Laior. Ann. Lyc. 
N. Y. ix. p. 131 (1868); Frantz. Journ. f. Orn. 1869, p. 305; 
Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 92; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 766 (1872) ; Sclat. $ 
* Psittacus canictdaris, Linn., was established on Edwards's Bed and blue-
headed Parrakeet, and as Edwards describes the insides of the quills as of a dark 
ash-colour, this character settles at once the identity of Linne's bird with 
Conurus petzi. 

202 PSITTACID^. 

Salv. Nommcl Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 19 (1873); Schleg. Mtis. 
P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 5 (1874); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 466, 
633,1874, p. 587; Laior. Mem. Bost Soc. W. H. ii. p. 290 (1874); 
id. Bull US. Nat. Mus. n. 4, p. 36 (1875); Bchnw. Yogelhild. 

t. xvii. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 283 {Consp. 
Psitt. p. 171); Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 343 (1883); Sab. 
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 426; Zekd. Pr. U. S. Sat. Mus. viii. p. Ill 
(1885). 
Conurus eburnirostrum, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 36 (1845). 
Aratinga eburnirostrum, Less. Descr. de Mcunm. et Oh. p. 189 (1847). 
Conurus canieularis, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 20 (lb49J : Bp. 

Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. ? ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 14^ 

n. 8122 (1870); Sab. Ibis, 1871, p. SB (noie). 
Eupbittula petzi, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxvii. p. 807 {ISoSj; id. Not. 
Coll. Delattre, p. 2 (1854) ; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. Lb54, p. 150, 

n. 42; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 61; Soma, Mus. 
Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 9 (1869); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, 
n. 8121 (1870). 
Eupsittula canicularis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, 
n. 44. 
Conurus canicularis, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 37 (imni.) 
(1859). 
Eupsittaca petzi, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 335. 

Adult male. Green; forehead orange, vertex and lores blue, 
cheeks olive-green; throat and breast olive; abdomen, under tail-
coverts, and under wing-coverts green-yellow; primary-coverts 
green• primaries green, blue towards the tip and tipped with Mack, 
their inner webs blackish; secondaries blue, with a very narrow 
green edge on the outer webs; tertials green; quills underneath 
blackish grey; greater under wing-coverts blackish grey, edged 
with yellow; tail-feathers above green, the two central ones slightly 
tinged with blue towards the tip; tail underneath olive-yellow, 
slightly dusky on the outer webs of the feathers: upper mandible 
fleshy white, under mandible dusky on the sides, white on the 
anterior part: feet grey; naked orbital skin white; iris yellow. 
Total length about 9*6 inches, wing o-o^ tail 4*5, bill 0*75, 
tarsus 0*45. 

Adult female. Like the male. 
Immature. The red on the forehead much more restricted and 
confined to a small spot. 
Hal. Mexico and Central America as far as Costa Eica. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Mas?ena Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d,e.<$2 ad. sk. 
Mexico, September (J. Taylor). 
S. Mexico [Salle). 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico, Bee. 
Gould Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, g. <? ad. sk.
(A. JForrer). 
Santiago, Ter. of Tepic, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
\ (W. B. Richardson), 
h-k. S ? ad.
sk. 
San Bias, Ter. of Tepic, Slay 
(W. B. R.). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. $ ad. sk. Plains of Colima, W. Mexico, Salvin-Godman ColL 
February (J. Xantus). 

/ . COJTCTEOPSIS. 
203 

m. 
§ ad. sk. Plains of Colima, Jan. (W. B. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Richardson), 
n, o. <S $ ad. sk. Beltram, Jalisco, April (W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Lloyd). 
Pi q. 6 2 &&- sk. Manzanillo, Oolima, June Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{W.Lloyd). 

r. <$ ad. sk. Hac. S: Marcos, Jalisco, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(W. Lloyd). 
s. 
Ad. sk. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (Markham). 
t, u. <$ $ ad. sk. Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sept. (J21 E. Smith). 

v. 
2 ad. sk. Tierra Colorado, State of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guerrero, Oct. (H. H. 
Stnith). 
to. Ad. sk. Bos Arroyos, State of Guerrero, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sept. (JS. H. Smith). 

x. $ juv. sk. Putla. 
Purchased. 
y. 
S ad. sk. Cacoprieto, January (Sumi-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
chrast).
a!. J ad. sk. Tonala Chiapas, June (W. B. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Richardson). 
b'. Ad. sk. Rio Matagua, Guatemala, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(0. Salvin). 
c1. Ad. sk. Nicaragua. Massena Coll. 
<#'. S ad. sk. Costa Kica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
0. 2 a<l- sk. San Juan, Costa Eica, January Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Dr. A. von Fruntzius). 

7. COOTEOPSIS. 
Type. 
Conuropsis, Salvad. MS. C. carolinensis. 

Range. The same as that of the only species. 

1. Coniiropsis carolinensis. 
Caroline Parrot, Catesby, Nat. Hist, of Carol, pi, 11 (1731); Lath, 

Syn. i. p. 227 (1781) j id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 147 (part.) (1822). 
Psittaca carolinensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 350 (1760). 
Psittacus carolinensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 141, n. 12 (176C); Mull S. N. 

Suppl. p. 74 (1776) j Gm. S. N. i. p. 320, n. 13 (1788); Lath. 
Lnd. Orn. i. p. 93, n. 33 (vrith var. $) (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. 

viii. 2, p. 444 (1811); Wits. Am. Orn. iii. p. 89, pi. 24. f. 1 (1811); 
Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 72 (1811-12) ; Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 3U9 
(1817); Bp. Syn. p. 41 (1828); id. Amer. Orn. i. p. 376, pi. 26. 
f. 1 (1832); Nutt. Man. i. p. 545 (1832); And. Orn. Biogr. v. 
p. 135, pi. 26 (1832); Cass. Br. Ac. Bhilad. 1864, p. 239. 
Perruche de la Caroline, DAubent. PI JSnl 499. 
Papegai a tete aurore, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 247 (1779). 
Orange-headed Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 304, n. Il l (1781). 
Psittacus ludovicianus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 347, n. 126 (1788); Bechst 
Kurze Ueb. p. 72 (1811-12); Euhl, Consp. Bsitt. p. 23 (1820); 

Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 732 (1831). 
Psittacus carolinensis, var. /3, Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 93 (1790). 
Perruche a tite jaune, Levaill Berr. pi. 33 (1801). 

204 psiTTi-cmas. 

Carolina Parrot, var. A, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii. p. 147 (1822). 
Psittacus tkalassinus, Vieilt Erie. Meth. ili. p. 1377 (1823). 
Psittacus luteocapillus, Vieill. Enc. MHh. ili. p. 1402 (1823). 
Aratinga carolinensis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 136 (1826). 
Aratinga ludovicianus, Steph, Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 136 (1826). 
Conurus carolinensis, Less. Tr. cV Orn. p. 211 (1831); Bp. Co?np. 


List, p. 38 (1838) ; G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 8 (1.845) ; 
Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 1 (1850); Woodh. Sifgr. Rep. p. 89 (1853); 
Bp.Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, n. 34; Souance, Red. et 
Mag. deZool.lSoQ, p. 60; Bp. Xaumannia, I506, Consp. Paitt 

n. 62; Wied, Journ. f> Orn. 1857, p. 99; Baird, B. X. Am. p. 07 
(1858); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 3i5 (lbo9) ; Tayllbis, 
1862, p. 128; Hayd. Rep. 1862, p. 154 ; Sclat. Cat. Am. i?.p. 347, 
n. 2070 (1862): Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 17 (lb64); Fin*ch, 
Papag. i. p. 478 (1867); Coues, Pr. Post. Sue. sii. p. 11U (180b); 
Allen, Mem. Bost. Soc. i. p. 525 (186b) ; Sousa, Mm. Xae. 
Lisbon, Psittaci, p. 8 (1869); Tumb. B. E. Pa. 1509, p. 41; Bus*, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1869, p. 82, 1870, p. 30 ; G. M. Gr. Hand-list ii. 
p. 147, n. 8108 (1870); Allen, Bull. M. C. Z. ii. p. 308 (lb71), 
iii. p. 130 (1872); Trippe, Pr. Bost. Sue. xv. p. 233 (1872); Stolk 
Journ. f. Orn. 1872, p. 3; Gieb, Tkes. Orn. i. p. 701 (1^72); 
Coues, Keg. p. 199, f. 133 (1872); Snow, B. Kans. p. 2 (lb73); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 5 (1874); B., B. £ R. X. -im. 
Birds, ii. p. 587, pi. 56. figs. 1, 2 (lb74); Coues, B. of Xorth- West, 
p. 296 (1874); Schmidt, P.Z. S 1880, p. 310; Rehmc. Vogelbild. 
t. ii. f. 8 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1681, p. 279 {Consp. Pdtt. 
p. 167); Salv. Cat B. Strield. Coll. p. 405 (1882) ; Coues, Checklist 
X. Am. B. p. 80, n. 400 (1882); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 
p. 342 (1883); Coues, Key to X. Am. B. p. 496, figs. 340, 347 (1884); 
A. O. U. Check-list X. Am. B. p. 200 (1880); Shufeldt, Journ. 
Anat. 8f Phys. xx. p. 407, pis. x., xi. (1.886); Ridgw. Man. X. Am. 
B. p. 270 (1887); Cooke, Rep. B. Migr. Miss. Valley, p. 124 
(1888). 
Sittace ludoviciana, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 656 (1832) ,• Haril Syst 
Vers. Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844). 
Arara carolinensis, Selby, Xat. Libr., Parr.^. 81 (1836). 
Centrums (err.) carolinensis, Aud. Syn. B. X.Am. p. lbt) (1839); id. 

B. Am. iv. p_. 306, pi. 278 (1842). 
Conurus ludovicianus, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 36 (1859). 
Adult male. Green, lower parts much paler; head and upper 
part of the neck yellow ; forehead, lores, region round the eyes, and 
cheeks orange; scapulars, greater wing-coverts, and tertials tinged 

•with olive; primary-coverts deep green ; primaries yellowish at the 
base of the outer webs ; bend of the wing and carpal edge yellow; 
greater under wing-coverts and quills underneath greyish black; 
tail underneath olive, more or less dusky on the outer webs of the 
feathers ; thighs with some orange feathers: bill white horn-colour; 
feet yellowish flesh-colour; iris brown-grey. Total length 12-5 
inches, wing 7*5, tail Q-2, bill 0*9, tarsus 0*56. 
Female. Like the male, only the orange colour of the head less^* 
extended. 

Young. No yellow colour on the head, which is green, except 
the orange forehead and lores; bend of the wing and carpal edge 
yellowish green; thighs green, with no orange feathers. 

Hab. " Formerly Florida and the Gulf States north to Maryland, 

8 . CTAN0EYSET7S. 
205 
the Great Lakes, Iowa, and Nebraska, west to Colorado, the Indian 
Territory, and Texas, and straggling north-eastward to Pennsylvania 
and New York. Now restricted to the Gulf States and the 
Lower Ifississippi Valley, and of local occurrence only." (A. 0. U. 

Code.) 

a. Ad. sk. North America. J. J". Audubon. Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. North America. J. J. Audubon, Esq. 
[p.]. 
c. Ad. sk. North America. Sclater Coll. 
&-g.tf ad.; h. $ Fort Drum, Florida, October Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (IF, Hoxie). 
i 
<$ ad. $ k, I. J Lake Okeckobee, Florida, Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad.sk. (IF. Hoxie). 

m. Ad. sk. Lake Okechobee, Florida, April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(C. H. Merriam), 
n-q. S ad.; r-y. Linden, Florida, February (JF. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 ad. sk. E. D. /Scott). 

z. 
(S ad. sk. Tarpon Springs, Florida, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(IF. K D. Scott). 
a'. S ad. sk. Miami, Florida, Dec. (H. W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Hensliaiv). 
b'. 2 unm. sk. Cedar Keys, Florida, Dec. (H. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
IF. Henshaw). 
cr. $ juv. sk. Enterprise, Florida, Feb. {H. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
IF. Henshaw). 

8. CYANOLYSETTS. 
Type. 
Cyanoliseus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150 ...... C. byroni. 
Cyanolyseus, Bp. Ann. So. Nat. (4) i. p. 108 (1854). 
Cyanoliseos, G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 34 (1859). 
Cyanolyseos, Mat. Cat. Am. B. p. 346 (1862). 
Range. Southern part of South America. 


Key to the Species. 

a. Flanks yellow; a red patch in the middle of the 
abdomen: smaller; wing 9*2 inches ... . patagonus, p. 205. 
b. Flanks yellow; a red patch in the middle of the 
abdomen: larger; wing 10*6 inches byroni, p. 207. 
1. Cyanolyseus patagonus. 
Maracana patagon, Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Barag. i. p. 420 
(1803). 
Le Patagon, Azara, Voy. (ed. Sonn.) iii. p. 60 (1809). 
Psittacus patagonus, Vieill N. 2). xxv. p. 367 (1817); id. JSnc. Meth. 

iii. p. 1400 (1823). 
Patagonian Maccaw, Bath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 105 (1822). 
Psittacus patagonicus, Voigt, Cuv. TJebers. p. 726 (1831). 
206 
rSITTACID^5. 

Arara patagonica, part., Less. Tr. cTOrn. p. 187 (1831); Selby, hat. 
Libr., Parrots, p. 70 (partim) (1836). 
Sittace patagonica, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 659 (1832). 
Oonums patachonicus, Gould SfDarw. Toy. of'Beagle/Birds, p. 113 
(Baliia Blanca) (1841). 
Conurus cyanolyseos, part., G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 5 (184o) ; 
Ilartl. {nee Molina) Ind. Azara Apunt. p. 17 (1847) ; Burm. Jour. 

f. Orn. 1858, p. 157. 
Cyanolyseus patagonus, part., Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, 
u. 28; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 29^(partiin). 
Conurus patagonicus, Burm. Jour. f. Orn. I860, p. 243; Stlat. 
P. Z. S. 1868, p. 530; Leyb. Exc. Pamp. Argent. (1873); Mart. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1875, p. 442. 
Conurus patagonus, Burm. Reise La-Plata Staat. i. p. 130, ii. p. 441 
(1861); Iknschj Papaq. ii. p. 444 (partim) (1807); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 765 (partim) (1872); Sclat. P Z. S. 1872,^ p. 540 (Kio 
Negrc' 
tim) 

pp. 

Ibis, 

p. 165); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 620 ; Bchmo. Yogelbild. Xachtr. 
83 (1883); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 341 (1883); Bar-
tows, Auk, 1884, p. 28; Sclat. $ Huds. Argent Orn. ii. p. 41 
(1889). 
Conurus patachonicus, Hudson, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 7,1872, p. 607. 

Adult male. Head, neck, "back, and scapulars dark olive-brown; 
lower back, rump, npper tail-coverts, and flanks yellow, with a 
slight olive tinge, especially on the upper tail-coverts; throat and 
breast greyish brown; an irregular whitish band, generally interrupted 
in the middle, across the upper part of the breast; middle 
of the abdomen and thighs orange-red; under tail-coverts olive-
yellow ; upper and under wing-coverts olive; bastard-wing, primary-
coverts, and quills blue, tipped with black, the secondaries bluish 
gieen; inner web of the quills partly blackish; quills underneath 
and greater under wing-coverts blackish ; tail-feathers above olive-
green, with a bluish tinge along the middle of the central ones; 
inner webs and under surface of the tail-feathers brown : bill horn-

black ; feet pale reddish; " iris w^hite" {Bridges). Total length 

17*5 inches, wing 9*2, tail 9*5, bill 1*2, tarsus 0*75. 
Female. Similar to the male. 
Hab. La Plata and Patagonia. 


a. Ad. sk. Uruguay. 
Alan Peel, Esq. [C I 
b. $ ad. sk. Eio Negro, April. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. 
$ ad sk. Mendoza, Feb. (Weishaupt). Salvin-Godman & 
Sclater Colls. 
*,/. 6 $ ad. sk. Cosqnin, Cordova, Arg. Ee- E. TV. "White [C.]. 
public, June. 
//. (S ad. sk. Catamarca, Sept. Purchased. 

h. 
J ad. sk. [var.]. Pampas Argentinas {Ley- Salvin-Gcdman Coll. 
bold), 
i. 
Ad. sk. Campana, July. H. Dumford, Esq. 
[C.]. 
?. 
$ ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia, Nov. H. Durnford, Esq. 
[0.]. 

8. CYANOLYSEUS. 
207 
2, Cyanolyseus byroni. 

Psittacus cyanolyseos, Molina, Saggio Stor. Nat. Chili, pp. 256, 343 
(1782) (descr. falsa); Gm. S. N. i. p. 343, n. 118 (1788); Lath. 
Ind. Orn. I p. 127, n. 134 (1790); BeoM. Lath. TJeb. p. 101 
(1811-12) ; Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 329 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. 

p. 96 (1820); Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1375 (1823); Pbpp. Reise in 
Chili, i. p. 451 (1835); id. Wiegm. Arch, 1835, i. p. 87; id. Fror. 
Not xliv. p. 24 (1844); Thienem. Fortpft. d.ges. Tog. p. 77, t. xiv. 
£ 15 (egg) (1846). ' 
Tliecan Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 94 (1802); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 216 (1822). J M * ^ J> 
Psittacara patagonica, Less, et Gam. (nee Vieill.) Vog. Coq., Zool. i. 
pp. 241, 625, pi. 35 bis (Chili) (1826-28); ? Lear, Parr. pi. 10 
(1832); Bourj. Perr. pi. 19 (Chili) (1837-38). 

Psittacus (Aratinga) byroni, Childr. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 12 

Arara patagonica, part., Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 187 (Chili) (1831); Selby, 
Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 79 (partim), pi. iv. (1836). 
Sittace patagonica, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 659 (1832) ; Ilartl. 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844). 
Conurus cyanolysios, Eraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 114; Boech, Nau


mannia, 1855, p. 506 ; Cass. Tin. St. Astron. Exp. ii. p. 189 (1865). 
Psittacus patachinus, Vig.,fide Fraser, P.Z. S.1843, p. 114. 
Conurus cyanolyseos, part., G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 5 

(1845); Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool i. p. 367 (1847); Ilartl. Journ.f. 
Orn. 1857, p. 39; ? Horsf. Sf Moore, Cat B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. 

p. 631 (1856-58); G. JR. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 34 (syn. 
emend.) (1859) (Chili); Sclat Cat. Am. B. p. 346, n. 2063 (Chili) 
(1862): id. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 160; Schleg. Mm. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 9 
(Chili)'(1864) ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1867, p. 328,1870, p. 605 (Chili); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 3 (Chili) (1874). 
Cyanolyseus patagonus, part, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, 

n. 28; SotiancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. CO (Chili); Bp. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 29 (partim) ; Soma, Mus. Nac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 8 (1869); G.R.Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 147, 
n. 8105 (Chili) (1870). 
Conurus 
patagonus, part., Finsch, Papag. i. p. 444 (1862) ; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 765 (partim) (1872); Srlat Sf Sab. Nomencl. Av. 
Neoti*op. p. Ill, n. 1 (partim) (1873; ; Rchnw. (nee Vieill.) Voqelbild. 
t. ii. f. 7 (1878-83); Salv. (nee Vieill.) Cat. B. StricU. Coll. 

p. 465 (1882). 
Conurus cyanolyseus, Sclat. fy Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 187. 
Conurus byroni, Sclat P. Z. S. 1873, p. 761; Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 277 (Consp. Psitt. p. 165); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 83 
(1883); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 341 (1883). 

Adult. Yery similar to C. patagonus, only much, larger, and with 
the whitish, band across the breast better defined and perhaps 

always present.
1-35, tarsus 0'9. 
Hob. Chili. 
Total length 20 inches, wing 10*6, tail 10*6, bill 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Chili. 
Chili. 
Lord Byron [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
Ptev. Ii, Hennah [P.], 

208 PSITTACID^J. 
c. S ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ Skeleton. 
Santiago, Chili (Weishaupl). 
Chili (JET. Barclay). 
[Patagonia?] 
Chili. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Sclater Coll. 

9. GNATHOSITTACA. w 
Type. 
Ognorkynchus, Bp.fide G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 33 (1859) ........ v .... G. icterotis. 
Gnathosittaca, Cab. Joum.f. Orn. 1864, p. 415 G. icterotis. 
Range. Colombia and Ecuador. 

1. (rnathosittaca icterotis. 
Conurus icterotis, Mass. et Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p.71 j 
G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 33 (1859) ; Fmsefy Papaq. I 
p. 449 (1867); Gieh. Thes. Orn. i. p. 763 (1812); Selat. |-hah. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 2 (1873); Schley. Mm. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Revue, p. 4 (1874); Rchnw. Jmirn. f Orn. IShl, p. 278 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 166); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 83 a (1&&3); Berl 
Joum.f. Orn. 1884, p. 320. 
Psittacara icterotis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 25 ,* 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 59 j Bp. Kaumanniat 1&56, 
Consp. Psitt. n. 19 ,* Souanc^ Icon. Perr. pi. xix. (1857). 

Ognorhynchus icterotis, i?p.« fide G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mm* 

p. 33 (1859); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 146, n. 8098 (1870). 
Conurus (Gnathosittaca) heinei, Cab. Joum.f. Orn. 1864, p. 414. 
Gnathosittaca heinei, Cab. I. c. 
Adult. Green; forehead, lores, cheeks, all round the base of the 
lower mandible to the chin, and ear-coverts yellow, the ear-coverts 
brighter, and the cheeks tinged with green; lower parts and smaller 
under wing-coverts yellowish green; under tail-coverts green ; 
greater under wing-coverts and quills below olive: quills dusky 
towards their tips and on the outer webs; tail green above, brown-
red below, with an olive tinge towards the tip and on the outer 
webs of the feathers : naked skin round the eyes brown (?); bill horn-
brown, with the tip of the upper mandible whitish; feet blackish. 
Total length about 17 inches, wing 9, tail 8*8, biH 1-45, tarsus 0*6. 
Hah. New Granada and Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. New Granada. Massena Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. New Granada. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota (Trubner). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bogota {Trilbntr). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Intaj, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
10 . HENICOGtfATHCJS. 
209 

10. 
HEinCOCTATHUS. 
Type. 
Psittacaria (errore), Met/en, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.~ 
Oar. Suppl. i. des 16ten B. p. 95 (1834) H. leptorhyiichus. 
Leptorhynchus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 300 (1837) (nee 
MeneirUs, 1835 j JDubus, 1835) H. leptorhynchus. 
Enieognathus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. p. 51 (1840) (nee 
Burnetii fy Bibron, 1854) H. leptorhynchus. 
Stylorhynchus, Less. Echo du Monde savant, 1842, 

p. 211 H. leptorhynchus. 
Henicognathus, Agassiz, Nomencl. Zool. Ind. Univ. 
p. 178 (1846). 
Hylorhynchus, Aliq.,fide G. R. Gr. List Gen.fySubgen. 
B. p. 87 (1855) H. leptorliynchus. 

Range. Chili. 

1. Henicognatlms leptorhynchus. 
Psittacara leptorhyncha, King, P. Z. S. 1830, p. 14 ; id. Phil. Mag. 
$ Ami. ofPhihs. 1831, p. 63; Lear, Parr. pi. 11 (1832); Less. 
Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 202 (1837); Cass. Tin. St. Astron. Exped. 

ii. p. 189 (1855). 
Sittace leptorhyncha, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 646 (1832;. 
Psittacaria rectirostris, Meyen, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.-Car. Suppl. i. 
des 16ten Band, p. 95, t. xv. (1834). 
Leptorhynchus ruficaudus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 300 (1837). 
Psittacara leptorhynca, Bourj. Perr. pi. 21 (1837-38). 
Psittacus rectirostris, ILahi, Orn. Atl., Papag. p. 96, t. 75 (1840). 
Enieognathus leptorhynchus, G. R. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 51 (1840); 

id. op.cit. 2nd ed/p.67 (1841); Kartl Sxjst Verz. Ges. Mm. 

p. 85 (1844) j Q. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414 (1845); Gay, Mst. 
Chili, Zool. i. p. 370 (1847); Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 1 (1850) ; Bibra, 
Dmhschr. d. k. Ah. Wiss. zu Wien, v. 2, p. 130 H853) ; Bp. Rev. 
et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 28; Boech, Naumannia, 1855, 
p. 506; SouancS, Rev. etMag. de Zool. 1856, p. 60; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt n. 32; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 
p. 48 (1859) ; Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 8 (1869); G. R. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 151, n. 8166 (1870). 
Arara erythrofrons, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 135. 
Psittacara cheroyeus, Frase?-, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 114. 
Oonurus erythrofrons, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 35 (1845); 

Gay, Hist. Chili, Zool. i. p. 369 (1847); Boeck, Naumannia, 1855, 

p. 507. 
Stylorhynchus erythrofrons, Less. Echo du Mond, sav. 1842, p. 211 ; 
"id. Bescr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 187 (1847). 
Henicognathus leptorhynchus, Zuchold, Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 55; 
Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 345, n. 2062 (1862) ; Finsch, Papag. i. 


p. 432 (1867); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 328, 1870, p. 665 ; Sund. 
Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 70 (1872); Sclat. # Salv. Nomencl. 
Av. Neotrop. p. Il l (1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 322 (1875); 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxii. f. 8 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 284 (Consp. Psitt p. 172); Salv. Cat. B. StricU. Coll p. 464 
(1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 341 (1883). 
YOL. XX. * 

210 
PSITTACID^i. 

Conurus leptorhynchus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 22 (1864) ; 
id. op. tit., Bevue, p. 6 (1874). 

Adult male. Dull green, a little brighter on the head, each feather 
slightly edged with dusky, the feathers of the pileum with broader 
dusky edges; forehead, lores, and a small ring round the naked 
skin surrounding the eyes dull crimson ; an obsolete dull red patch 
on the middle of the abdomen ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts 
bluish green ; primaries green, tinged with bluish towards the tips, 
first primary blackish, bluish towards the tip of the inner web ; 
greater under wing-coverts and primaries underneath greyish black, 
tinged with greenish on the inner webs ; tail dull red, with the tip 
of the feathers greenish: bill and feet lead-colour; iris orange. 
Total length 15 inches, wing 8-5, tail 6S, bill 1*35, tarsus 0*68. 

Female. Like the male. 

Ilab. Chili. 
a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Skeleton 
/ . Skeleton. 
Chili. 
Chili 
Chili. 
Chili. 
Chili. 
The Admiralty [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Lord Byron [P.J. 

11. MICROSITTACE. 
Type. 
Microsittace, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150; 
id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. gen. 13 M. ferrugineus. 
Dasyrrhinus, Rchnb. MS. in Mm. Dresd.y teste Finsch, 
Papag. i. pp. 525-527 (1867) HI. ferrugineus. 

Range. Prom Chili to the Straits of Magellan. 

1. Microsittace ferrugineus* 
Perruche des terres Magellaniques, BAubent. PL Enl. 85. 
Psittacus ferrugineus, Mull. S. N. Suppl. p. 75, 6g (1776); Cass. Pr. 


Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 239. 
Perriche emeraude, JBuf. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 262 (1779). 
Emerald Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 230 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 151 

(1822). 

Psittacus 
smaragdinus, Gm. S. N. L p. 322, n. 68 (1788); Lath. 
Ind. Orn. i. p. 94, n. 36 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2. p. 406 
(1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 72 (1811-12); Vieilh N. D. xxv. 

p. 364 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 93 (1820) ; Vieill Enc. Meth. 
lii. p. 1398 (1823); Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 740 (1832). 
La Perruche 6meraude, Levaill. Perr. pi. 21 (1801). 
Sittace smaragdina, Hartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844). 
Conurus smaragdinus, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 42 (1845); id. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 47 (1859) ; Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, 

p. 22 (1864); Finsch, Papag. i. p. 525 (1867); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
i. p. 767 (1872) ; Sclat. Sr Salv. Nbmenel. Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 27 
(1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 434; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
12 . PYRRaURA.. 
211 
Revue, p. 6 (1874); Sclat. $ Salv. Voy. Chall, Birds, p. 104(1881); 

Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 344 (1883). 

Conurus (Dasyrrhinus) pyrrkurus, Rehnb. MS. in 3Ias. Drescl 

Conurus pyrrkurus, Rchnb., v. Briba, Denhschr. d. IcfAead. Wiss. zu 

Wien, v. 2, p. 130 (1853); Zitchold, Jour. f. Orn. 1855, p. m. 
f Conurus phcenicurus, Licht. {nee Natt. ?) NomencL Ao. p. 73 (1854). 
Microsittace smaragdina, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, 

n. 47; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1850, p. 61; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Fsitt. n. 33; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, 
Psittaci, p. 9 (1869). 
Psittacara smaragdina, Cass. Tin. St. Astron. Exp. ii. p. 189 (1855). 
Oonurus smaragdineus, Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 349, n. 2082 (1862); 
id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 328, 338. 
Microsittace ferruginous, G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 151, n. 8165 
(1870). 
Pyrrhura smaragdina, Rchiw. Togelbild. t. xxii. f. 3 (1878-83); id. 
Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 286 (Consp. Psitt. p. 174). 
Conurus cyanolyseos, Salvin (nee aitct), P. Z. S. 1883, p. 426 (Straits 
of Magellan). 

Adult male. Dull green; the crown with a slight bluish tinge ; 
each feather slightly edged with dusky, those of the crown with 
broader black edges ; forehead, lores, and a patch on the middle of 
the abdomen dull brown-red; primaries and their coverts green, 
with a slight bluish tinge; greater under wing-coverts and quills 
underneath greyish black, with an olive-tinge on the inner webs; 
tail brown-red, with the tips of the feathers greenish: bill and 
feet blackish; iris yellow. Total length about 13 inches, wing 7*2, 
tail 6, bill 0*8, tarsus 0-62. 

Female. Like the male. 

Eab. Chili and Straits of Magellan. 

a. Ad. sk. Chili. 
The Admiralty [P.l 
b. Ad. sk. Chili. 
The Admiralty [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Chili. 
Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. £ 
ad. sk. Sandy Point, Straits of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Magellan, August (Copt. 
A. H. Marhham). 
sk Sand Point

/, g, h. 6 ? ad--y> Straits of ' Challenger' Expe-
Magellan. dition [C.]. 

12. PYRRHURA. Tj^ 
Aratinga, Bp. {nee Spiv) Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, 
p# 150 P. cruentata, 
Pyrrhura, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. gen. 14. P. vittata. 

Range. From Costa Rica to South America, as far as Southern 
Brazil and Northern Argentine Republic. 

P2 

212 
FSITTACIDJE. 

Key to the Species. 

a. A brown-red patch on the lower back. 
a'. Breast blue, with no transverse bars ..... .
br 

. Breast with transverse bars, or scale-like 
appearance. 
a'1. Breast with transverse bars. 
a"'. Cheeks, pileum, and bend of the wing 
S'eenheeks maroon, bend of the wing red. 

«4. Pileuni brown, with a very slight 
tinge of blue, if any, on the forehead,
¥. Crown brown, sinciput extensively 
blue ,
b". Breast and throat with a scale-like 
appearance. 
c"'. Bend of the wing crimson; upper part 
of the cheeks maroon, lower part of the 
same and forehead dull blue

d"\ 
Bend of the wing with very little red, 
if any j pileum, lores, andVheeks red 
in the adult birds; the young bird with 
no red on the head and with the blue 
forehead resembles very much P. 
picta, but has no red on the bend of 
the wing .

I. 
No brown-red patch on the lower back. 
c'. "With distinct pectoral bars. 
c". Lower breast and abdomen green; often 
a more or less distinct brown-red patch 
in the middle of the abdomen. 

e'". Under wing-coverts in the adult birds 
orange/"' . Under wing-coverts green. 

£4. Ear-coverts brown - red; breast 
brown j bastard-wing and primary-
coverts yellow, more or less tinged 
with red

d4-. Ear-coverts green, like the cheek*. 
a5. Tail above dusky reddish brown. 
a6. Primary-coverts red; tipped with 
yellowb6. Primary-coverts and bastard-
wing scarlet, with no yellow. 
a7. Hoary edges of the throat and 
breast-feathers narrow ... .

V. 
Hoary edges of the throat and 
breast-feathers very broad ..
b5. Tail above green; bastard-wing 
and primary-coverts scarlet ... .
€4. Ear-coverts dusky grey; tail coppery 
redg"\ Under wing-coverts red. 
/ 4 . Cheeks green j tail above and below 
olive

 cruentataf p. 213. 

vittata, p. 214. 

leacotis^ p. 216. 
emma} p. 217. 

pic(af p. 217. 

luciani, p. 219. 

egre$iay p. 221. 

callipfpra, p. 221. 

melanura, p. 222. 

souanceit p. 223. 
berlepwhi, p. 224. 
rupicofa, p. 2M. 
molina, p. 225. 

demllei, p. 226. 

12 . PTBEHTJEA. 
213 

g4". Cheeks bluish; tail above coppery 
red, underneath dark brown, with 
the inner edges of the feathers 
coppery red perlata, p. 227» 

d". Lower breast and abdomen bright crimson, 
like the under wing-coverts ; upper 
part of the cheeks olive-green, lower dull 
blue rhodogasterj p. 228. 

d'. With no distinct pectoral bars; ear-coverts 
red. 
e". Tail coppery red. 

h'". Bastard-wing and primary-coverts 
blue; forehead and vertex brown, the 
feathers edged with dull blue; occiput 
olive-green htematotis, p. 229. 

?'". Bastard-wing and primary-coverts 
white in the adult bird, blue in the 
young one; pileum rosy red rhodocephala, p. 22$. 

f!t 

. Tail above olive, underneath reddish 
brown ; base of the quills yellow hofmanni, p. 230. 

1. Pyrrhura cruentata. 
Psittacits cruentatas, Neuwied, Reise n. Bras. i. pp. 53, 72 (1820), 
ii. pp. 147, 341 (1821); Temm. PL Col. 338 (57tllivr. 1825); Less. 
31cm. d'Om. ii. p. 149 (1828); Nemo. Beitr. iv. p. 183 (1832). _ 
Psitt aeus erythrogaster, Licht. Mus. Berol., fide Kuhl, Consp. Psitt, 

p. 20 (1820); Licht Verz. Boubl. p. 7 (1823). 
Sanguine Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 177 (1822). 
Aratinga cyanogularis, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 33, t. xvii. (1824); 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 137 (1826) ; Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. 1.19. 
Psittacara lichtensteinii, Vig. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 390 (1825) ; Steph. 

Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 117 (1826); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 727 (1831). 
Psittacus vigorsii, JDesm. Diet. Sc. Nat xxxix. p. 32 (note) (1826). 
Conurus tiriba, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 213 (1831). 
Sittace cruentata, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 648 (1832); Hartl Sgst 

Verz. Ges. 3fus. p. 80 (1844). 
Psittacara tiriba, Bourj. Perr. pi. 25 (1837-38). 
Conurus cruentatus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 15 (1845); 

Burm. Sgst. TJeb. ii. p. 176 (1856); G. R. Gh\ List Psitt. Brit 
Mus. p. 39 (1859); Sclat. Cat Am. B. p. 349, n. 2083 (1862); 
Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 23 (1864); Finsch, Papag. i. 

p. 527 (1867); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 259, 446, lii (1871); Gieb. 
The ~ ' ~M '™~" -'•»-'-* ' 
p. 466 (1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 345 (1883) ; Allen, 
Bull. Am. Mus. Nat Hist ii. p. 263 (1889). 
Aratinga cruentata, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 45; 
Souance, Rev. et 31ag. de Zool. 1856, p. 61; Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lishoa, Psittaci, p. 9 (1869). 

Pyrrhura 
cruentata, Bp. Naimiannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 43; G. 
~R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, n. 8124 (1870); Rchnw. VogelhihL 

214 PSTXTACTDiE. 

t. xxii. f. 1 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 287 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 175). 
Microsittace cruentata, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 228. 

Adult. Green; pileum and nape brown-black, the feathers, especially 
on the nape, narrowly edged with ochreous yellow; frontal 
edge, lores, a ring round the eyes, and ear-coverts brown-red; on 
the sides of the neck a yellow-orange patch : cheeks and chin green; 
throat and a narrow collar round the lower part of the hind neck 
blue; a broad dark red patch on the lower back and rump, a brighter 
one on the middle of the abdomen ; bend of the wing crimson ; 
bastard-wing and primary-coverts green, tinged with blue, especially 
on the inner webs; outermost primaries blue, edged with green on 
the outer webs, olive on tho inner webs; innermost primaries and 
secondaries green ; quills underneath grey, their inner webs towards 
the base and greater under wing-coverts olive ; tail above olive, the 
lateral tail-feathers tinged with brown-red on their inner webs; 
tail underneath brown coppery red, the tips of the feathers olive: 
bill horn-brown: feet dusky; iris yellow-orange. Total length 
about 11*5 inches, wing 6-2, tail 5*5, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*58. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Duller; less red colour on the bend of the wing. 
Hah. South-eastern Brazil, from Bahia to Eio Janeiro. 
The last two specimens mentioned below have the tail-feathers 


more pointed and with no red tinge above towards the tips and 
on the inner webs. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
[River Amazons.] 
Brazil. 
Purchased. 
Lord Stuart de Roth-
c. Ad. sk. Brazil.
say [P.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
d) e. Ad. sk.
/. $ ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). 
Registro do Sai, Brazil (Natterer). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2. Pyrrhura vittata. 
La Perruche Ara a bandeau rouge, Levaitt. Perr. pi. 17 (1801). 

PChiripepS, Azara, Apunt. n. 281 (1803). 

Psittacus vittatns, Shaio, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 404 (1811); Kuhl, 

Consp. Psitt. p. 21 (1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 726 (1831) ; 
Halm, Orn. AtL, Papatj. p. 37, t. 21 (pess.) (1834). 
Psittacus frontalis, VieilL Ar. D. xxv. p. 361 (1817) : id. Enc. Mttk 

iii. p. 1890 (1823). 
? Psittacus ckiripepe', Vieill N. D xxv. p. 361 (1817). 
Psittacus undulatus, Illig. in Mus. BeroL, fide Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. 
p. 21 (1820); Licht. Yerz. JDoubl. p. 7 (1823): id. Nomenel Av. 
p. 73 (1854). 
Banded Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 115 (1822). 
Aratinga fasciatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 35, t. xxi. figs. 1, 2 (1824); 
Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 138 (1826) ; Brehm, Moru d. Papag. 

t. 25. figs, ], 2. 
12. PYRKHUKA. 
Psittacara vittatus, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 389 (1825); Steph. Gen. 
Zool. adv. p. 116 (1826). 
Conurus vittatus, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 213 (1831) ; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. 

u. p. 414, n. 23 (1845); Burin. Sijst. Ueb. ii. p. 178 (1856); G. R. 
Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 40 (1859) ; Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 349, 
n. 2084 (1862) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 24 (1864); Finsck, 
Papag. i. p. 530 (1807) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 259 446 Hi 
(1871); Bamilt. Ibis, 1871, p. 308; Sclat. $• Salv. Nomend. Av. 
Neotrop. p. 112, n. 29 (1873); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 
p. 6 (Venezuela!) (1874); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 466 (1882); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 344 (1883); Berl u Jhering, 
Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 163; ? Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 1887, 
pp. 25, 121 (Paraguay). 
Sittace vittata, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 641 (1832); Hartl. Si/st. Verz. 
Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844). 

Microsittace vittata, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 50 j 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 62; Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 9 (1869); Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 228. 

Pyrrhura 
vittata, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 34; G. R. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, n. 8125 (1870); Rchmo. Vogelbild. 

t. xxii. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 286 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 174). 
Adult male. Green ; a narrow frontal band chestnut, sometimes 
with one or two small red feathers; throat and breast olive, with 
yellowish-olive and dusky cross bars on the edges of the feathers ; 
cheeks green; a greenish-brown spot on the ear-coverts; the feathers 
of the lower back with brown-red edges, forming a brown-red 
patch; a patch of the same colour on the middle of the abdomen; 
green feathers of the sides with obsolete dusky edges; primary-
coverts green, slightly tinged with bluish; outermost primaries blue, 
edged with green on the outer webs and tinged with green towards 
the tip; innermost primaries like the secondaries, green; greater 
under wing-coverts and quills underneath blackish grey, tinged with 
olive on the inner web; tail green, more or less coppery red 

towards the tip and on the inner web of the feathers; tip of the 
tail-feathers green ; tail-feathers below brown-red, slightly tipped 
with greenish: bill dusky; feet grey ; " iris reddLsh" (Joyner). 
Total length 10*6 inches, wing 5-2, tail 5, bill 0*65, tarsus 0*4. 

Female. Like the male, but perhaps with the tail less reddish. 
Hob. South-eastern Brazil and Paraguay. 
In some specimens there are hoary spots, edged with dusky, 

more or less distinct, on the occiput and nape. 
Graf von Berlepsch suspects that the Paraguayan bird (Psittacus 
cJriripejpe, Yieill.) may be different from the true P. vittata. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll, 
e S ad. sk. Sao Paulo, Brazil {Joyner). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
d. Ad, sk. [Cayenne.] Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil, November Salvin-Godn^n Coll. 
(Natterer). 
f. Ad. sk. Purchased. 

216 
PSITTACID-S. 

3. Pyrrliura leucotis. 
Psittacus leucotis, Licht. in Mus. Berol.; KM, Consp. Psiti. p. 21 
(1820) ; Neiwied, Beitr. iv. p. 188 (1832). 

Aratinga minis, Spir, Av. Bras. i. p. 34, t. xix. f. 2 (1824); Stepk. 
Gen. Zool xiv. p. 138 (1826); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t.18 (1842). 
Phittaeara leucotis, Tig. Zool Journ. ii. p. 389 (1825); Steph. Gen. 

Zool. xiv. p. 110 (M). 
Sittace leucotis, IT*////. J/bw. Pbitt. p. 04 (1«32); .Ha-rtf. %tf. F<?rz. 

6rV6*. J///s\ p. 80 (lb44). 
Phittaeara ninus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 28 (1837-38). 
Oonurus leucotis, G. R. Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 24 (syn. emend.) 

(1845); Bunn. Si/st. TIeb, ii. p. 177 (1856) j G. R. Gr. List Psitt 
Bnt/Mus. p. 4l (1859); Selat. Cat. Am. B. p. 349, n. 2085 
(1802) ; Sckleq. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 24 (1864); Fimch, 
Papag. i. p. &A5 (1807); Pels. Orn. Bras. pp. 259, 446, Id (1871); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 764 (1872); Brehm, Journ. f. Orn, 1872, 

p. 75; Sclat.$ Sah. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 33 (1873); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 6 (1874); Salv. Cat. B. 
StricH. Coll. p. 466 (1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 34o 
(1883); Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. d. naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 38 (1888). 
Microsittace leucotis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 48 j 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. Q2; Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 9 (1869). 

Pyrrhura 
leucotis, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 39; G. R. 
*Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8129 (1870); Rohnw. Vogelbild. 

t. xxviii. f. 8 (1878-83) j id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 338 {Consp. 
Psitr. p. 178). 
Adidt. Green; crown and nape brown-black; a collar on the 
lower part of the hind neck blue; a narrow frontal edge, lores, 
periocular region, and cheeks chestnut; ear-coverts dirty white; 
throat dull bluish ; upper breast green, each feather with two hands 
at the tip, one whitish grey and the other blackish on the edge; a 
dark red patch from the lower back to the upper tail-coverts, and 
another of the same colour on the middle of the abdomen; bend of 
the wing red; bastard-wing and primary-coverts greenish blue; 
primaries blue on the outer webs; smaller under wing-coverts green, 
the greater ones and the quills below blackish, with an olive tinge ; 
tail above brown-red, with the base of both webs of the two central 
tail-feathers and of the outer web of the lateral ones green; tail 
below coppery brown-red: bill horn-brown ; feet dusky. Total 
length 8*3 inches, wing 4*4, tail 4*3, bill 0-58, tarsus 0*4. 

Hob. Eastern Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. Ceara, North Brazil ( W. Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Roth-
say [P.I 
c. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil (Ward). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
e. Ad sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. sic. Brazil. Masseua Coll. 

12 . PYBKHU1U. 
217 
y. Ad. sk. 
Massena Coll. 
A. Ad. sk. 
Purchased. 

i-o. Ad. sk. 

Brazil. Purchased. 

4. Pyrrhura emma. (Plate L) 
Conurus cyanopterus, Selat. fy Salv. (nee Bodd.), P. Z. S. 1808, p. 169 
(Caripe'). 

Very much like 0. leucotis, but larger, with the sinciput entirely 
blue and the lower part of the cheeks tinged with bluish more conspicuously 
than in that species; also the throat more decidedly 
bluish ; often the light bands on the throat and breast are broader 
than in P. hucotis. Total length about 9*3 inches, wing 4'8~4*6, tail 
4-7, bill 0-6, tarsus 04. 

Bah. Venezuela (and Trinidad?). 

This species also much resembles P. picta in the colouring of 
the head: but the latter has the throat and breast with a scalelike 
appearance. 

a. Ad. sk. Massena Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. c? ad. sk. 
d. <$ ad. sk. 
e. <$ ad. sk. 
Venezuela (Spence). 
Caraccas, Venezuela (A. 
Goering). 
Caripe, Venezuela, June 
(A. Goering). 
Caripe, Venezuela {A. 
Goering'). 
Trinidad ? 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman 
Coll. 
Salvin-Godman 
Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
[ (Types of 
'" species.) 
J 
f,g,k Ad.sk. 

5. Pyrrhura picta. 
Anaca, Marcgr. Hist. Bras. ix. p. 207 (1648). 
Psittacula brasiliensis fusca, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 403 (1760). 
Perrucke a gorge tachetee de Cayenne, Daubent PL Enl. 144. 
Psittacus pictus, MiilL S. N. Sujppl p. 25, 61 (1776) j Cass. Pr. Ac. 


Philad. 1864, p. 289. 
Perriche a gorge variee, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 259 (1779). 
Wave-breasted Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p, 245 (1781); id. Gen, 

Hist. ii. p. 168 (1822). 
Scaly-breasted Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 246 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 169 (1822). 
Chestnut-crowned Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 314 (1781); id. 
Gen. Hist ii. p. 268 (with var. A) (1822). 
Psittacus lyanopterus {sic), Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 9 (nee Psittacus 
cyanopterus, p. 27) (1783). 

Psittacus versicolor, 
Gm. S. N. i. p. 327, n. 78 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. 
Orn. i. p. 101, n. 52 (1790); Shato, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 405 
(1811) ; Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 78 (1811-12) ; VieilL N. D. xxv. 

p. 365 (1817); KM, Consp. Psitt. p. 22 (partim) (1820) 5 VieilL 
218 
PSITIACIDilL 

JEne. MM. iii. p. 1398, pi. 224. f. 2 (1823); Voigt, Cuv. TIebers. 

p. 726 (1831). „. JT _ , ^ 
Psittacus anaca, Gm. S. N. i. p. 349, n. 129 (1788); ^-/^-£fi. 
p. 131, n. 149 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. o54 O-^U 
Bechst Kurze Ueb. p. 105 (1811-12); Vieill. N. I).**?- p. 360 
(1817); «?. &c . il/^A. iii. p. 1395 (1823); Licht. Abh. Berl. Ah. 
1816-17, p. 167. 
07 n 

Psittacus bquoinmosua, Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 101 (1790) ; Shaw, Gen. 
Zool viii. 2, p. 405 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. *8 (1811); 
tftotf, 2Va*. Misc. pi. 1061 (1813); FiWtf. iV. £>• xxv. p. 303 (1&17); 
id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1397 (1823); Wayl Man. Psitt. p. /42 (AY. 
dub. sp. 13) (1832). 

La Perruche Ara a goi\>e variee, Lemill. Perr. i. pi. 16 jlbOl). 
Psittacus maculatus, Donoo. Nat. Reposit i. pi. 33 (1823). 
Psittacara versicolor, Vig. Zool Journ. ii. p. 389 (1825); titeph. Gen. 


Zool xiv. p. 116 (1826). ^ _^ _ 
Psittacara squamosus, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 389 (1825); oteph. Gen 
Zool. xiv. p. 115 (1826). n 7 , 

Conurus versicolor, Less. Tr. cVOrn. p. 213 (1831); Cab. m Schomb. 
Guian. iii. p. 728 (1848) ; Le Maout, Hist. Nat Ois. pi. 12 (18o3); 
Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 73 (1854); Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 176 
(1856). 

Sittace anaca, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. G47 (1832). 

? Conurus squamosus, Wiirtt. Reise nach Nord-Am. p. 73 (1835),/f/<? 
Marti Naumannia, 1852, 2. p. 53; Licht Nomencl Av. p. 73 
(1854); Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 100 ; Gundl. Journ. f. Orn. 
1861, p. 415, 1871, p. 271. 

Conurus cyanopterus, 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 19 (1845); 
id. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 41 (1859); Sclat. Cat Am. B. p. 350, 

n. 2086 (1862); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 25 (1864*; 
Finsch, Papag. i. p. 538 (1867); id. P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 554, 
586 (Trinidad;; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 259 (note) (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. 
Om. i. p. 762 (1872) ; Sclat. $ Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 112 
n. 34 (1873); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 6 (1874); Salv. 
Cat. B. Strickl Coll p. 466 (1882); Sclat. Lid Vert An. 8th ed. 
p. 345 (1883) ; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 67. 
Aratinga guianensis, Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 28 (1852). 
Microsittace versicolor, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, 
n. 51; Soua?ice, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1850, p. 61. 
Microsittace squaniata, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, 
n. 59. 
Microsittace cyanoptera, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854; p. 150, 
n. 60. 
Pyrrliura versicolor, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 41. 
Pyrrhura squamata, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. (?). 
Pyrrliura picta, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8133 (1870) ; 
Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 387 (id. Consp. Psitt p. 177); id. 
Vogelbild., in the text oft. xxviiL f. 6 (1878-83). 

Adult Green, crown and nape black; forehead, lower part of the 
cheeks, and an obsolete band on the lower part of the nape blue ; 
upper cheeks chestnut; ear-coverts dirty grey; feathers of the 
throat and sides of the neck brown or blackish, those of the upper 
breast greenish, the first, as well as the last, with light greyish 
broad edges, more or less brown on the throat, or olive on the 

12 . PYEEHTJEA. 
219 
breast, producing a scaled appearance; a brown or dark red patch 
from the lower back to the upper tail-coverts, and another of the 
same colour, or a little paler, along the middle of tho abdomen; bend 
of the wing red ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer webs of 
the primaries blue ; under wing-coverts green, the greater ones and 
the quills below blackish with an olive tinge; tail above brown-
red, with the base of the outer webs of the feathers green, underneath 
coppery red, with the outer webs of the feathers darker : bill 
horn-brown ; feet dusky. Total length 9*5 inches, wing 5, tail 4*3, 
bi]l 0-63, tarsus 0*45. 

Female. Like the male. 

Bab. Guiana and Trinidad; according to Einsch also near Para, 

N. Brazil. 
a. Ad. sk. British Guiana (Scho?nburgk). Roy. Geographical 
Soc.JT.J. 
b, c, d. Ad. sk. British Guiana {Schomburgk). Roy. Geographical 
e. Ad. sk. Guiana.
Soc. [P.J. 
Sclater Coll. 
f-i. d S ad. &k.
k. d ad. sk. 
Quongo, Brit. Guiana, October{Whitely). 
Takuta River, Brit. Guiana, 
Salvin-GodmanColl. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. Ad. &k.
July(I«%) . 
Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. [R, Amazons.] Purchased. 

6. Pyrrhura luciani. 
Conurus luciani, Deville, Fev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 210 (juv.); 

Q. F. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 41 (1850); Schleg. Mus.'P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 25 (1804); Finsch, Fapag. i. p. 541 (1807); Felz. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 259, 446, lii (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 764 (1872) ,• 
Sclat. 8f Salv. Nommcl. Av. Neot7*op. p. 112, n. 35 (1873) j iid. 
F. Z. S. 1873, p. 299 j Schleg. Mus. B.-B. Psittaci, Femie, p. 6 
(1874) ; Tacz. F. Z. S. 1874, p. 549; id. F. Z. S. 1882, p. 46; 
id. Orn. Per. iii. p. 203, Tabl. p. 99 (1886); Sclat. F. Z. S. 1886, 
p. 320 ; Berl. Joum.f Orn. 1889, p. 316. 
Microsittace luciani, Bp. Fev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 49 j 
Souanee, Fev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 62. 
Maracana luciani, O. Des Murs, in Casteln. Voy. Amer. Slid, Ois. 

p. 14, pi. iii. f. 1 (1855) ; Earth Joum.f. Orn. 1857, p. 42. 
Pyrrkura 
luciani, Bp. Naumannia, 18563 Consp. Psitt. n. 42 j 
Souanee, Icon. Perr. pi. xiv. (1857); G. F. Gr. Maud-list, ii. 

p. 149, n. 8131 (1870); Pchmo. Vogelbild. t. xxviii. f. 6 (1878-83) ; 
id. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 338 (Consp. Psitt. p. 178). 
Conurus roseifrons,<9. F. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 42 (ad.) (1859); 
Finsch, Fapag. i. p. 534 (1867); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 259 (note) 
(1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 767 (1872); Sclat. $ Salv. Nomencl. 
Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 31 (1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 299; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 204, Tabl. p. 99 (1886); Berl. Ibis, 1889, 

p. 181; Garlepp, Joum.f Orn. 1889, p. 291; Berl.Joum/f. Om. 
1889, p. 314, Tat*, iii. f. 2 (ad.), 2 a (jun.), 2 6 (juv.). 
Pyrrhura roseifrons, G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8132 (1870); 

• mriAcma:. 
Fchiw. Joum, f. Orn. 1881, p. 340 (Consp. •***& P-180) J ld' 
Togelbild. Nachtr. 95 (1883). 
Conurus pliaiogenys, Natt. MS., fide Finsch, Fapag. p. 542 
(1867). 
Conurus cyanopterus, Sclat. SfSalv. (nee Bodd.) F. Z. 8. J867, p. 753; 
Finsch, Fapag. ii. p. 945 (1868). 
Sittace pliaiogenys, Natt. Cat MS., fide Feb. Orn. Bras. p. 259 
(1871). 

Adult (type of 0. rosei/rons). Green; forehead, crown, lores, 
region round the eyes, and cheeks red; occiput and nape brown : a 
bluibh collar on the lower part of the hind neck ; ear-coverts buff; 
lower back, rump, central upper tail-coverts, and a large patch on 
tbe middle of the abdomen brown-red; throat and upper breast 
with a scaled appearance, the feathers of the throat being brown 
with buff edges, and those of the upper breast green with buff-olive 
edges and black shafts ; bend of the wings and thighs with some 
red feathers; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries blue, 
secondaries green ; all the quills with black edges at the tip ; under 
wing-coverts green, the greater ones and quills below with a slight 
olive tinge on the inner webs ; tail above coppery brown-red, with 
the base of the feathers green, below darker, with tbe inner webs 
redder: bill horn-brown; feet dusky. Total length 9*5 inches, 
wing 4-9, tail 4*2, bill 0*6, tarsus 0-45. 

Young. Crown and nape dark brown ; forehead dull blue; cheeks 
reddish brown, with a slight bluish tinge on the lower part; bend 
of the wings green, with no red feathers. 

Birds in transitional stage show more or less red feathers on the 

forehead. 
Hob. Upper Amazons, near the Peruvian Andes. 
Graf von Eerlepsch has drawn attention to the probability of 

C. luclani being the young of C. roseifrons, and I think that he is 
quite right in his supposition. 
The series of specimens in the British Museum, four of them 
collected by Herr Garlepp at Tarapoto and Shanusi near Yurimaguas, 
show a gradual transition from the types of C. roseifrons, 
with the front part of the head red, to the specimens generally 
called C. luoiani, 


a, b, c. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. H. W. Bates, Esq. [C] 
(Types of C. roseifrons, Gray.) 

d. 
2iinm.sk. Tarapoto, Peru, April {Gar- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
lepp). 
e. 
(S imm. sk. Tarapoto, Peru, April (Gar- Sclater Coll. 
lepp). 
f. 
<$ juv. sk, Yurimaguas, Peru, Novem- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ber (Garlepp). 
g,h. 
$ § juv. sk. Yurimaguas, Peru, October Sclater Coll. 
(Garlepp). 

i. Juv. st. * R. Amazon. Massena Coll. 
k, c? juv. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru, July Salvin-Godman Coll. 
[E. Bartlett). 
12 . PYBKHTJEA. 221 
I, m. $ juv. sk.
n. 5 juv. sk.
o. Juv. st. 
Charaicuros, PeruvianAmazona, 
July. 
Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazona 
(2?. Bartlett). 
Peru. 
E. Bartlett, Esq, 
Sclater Ooll. 
Tweeddate Coll. 
[C.]. 

7. Pyrrhura egregia. 
Conurus egregius, Sclat. Ibis, 1881, p. 130, pi. iv.; Sah. fy Godm. 
Ibis, 1882, p. 83; Rchnw. fy Schal. Journ. f. Orn. 1882. p. 118 ; 
&*&. 2&w, 1886, pp. 68, 509. 

Pyrrhura egregia, Rclimu. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 287 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 175;; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 85 (1883). 
Adult male. Bark green, pileum more or less brown ; cheeks 
green, ear-coverts and an obsolete spot on the throat reddish brown; 
throat, sides of the neck, and breast green, each feather with two 
cross bands at the tip, one light brown, and a second blackish on 
the very edge; lower breast and abdomen green, the feathers with 
narrow dusky edges; on the middle of the abdomen a very dark 
brown-red patch; edge and bend of the wings and smaller nnder 
wing-coverts orange-red ; bastard-wing yellow, tinged more or less 
with red ; primary-coverts and primaries blue ; secondaries green ; 
greater under wing-coverts yellow; quills underneath black; tail 
above brown-black, with some green colour at the base, below 
brown, nearly black: bill horn-white; feet dusky. Total length 

10 inches, wing 5, tail 4*3, bill 0-68, tarsus 0*45. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having only very little red on 
the bend of the wing and on the smaller under wing-coverts, which 
are mostly green ; greater nnder wing-coverts blackish, with an 
olive tinge; bastard-wing blue; cross bands on the throat less 
distinct. 

Sab. British Guiana. 
In some specimens some of the primary-coverts also turn 
yellow. 

a. Ad. sk. Demerara. Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
(Type of species.) 
K Ad. sk. Demerara. Sclater Coll. 

c. S ad. sk. Horairna, January (22". Sclater Coll. 
Whitely). 
d}e. c?ad. et imm. Rorairna, August and Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
sk. 

December (22". Whitely). 
Merume Mts., June (22". Salvin-Godman Ooll. 

f~i-6 S imrQ- sk-

Whitely). 

8. Pyrrhttra calHptera. 
Conurus callipterus, Mass. fy Souanci, Rev. et May. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 72: Sp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 147; Sclat. P. Z. 8 
1855, p. 162; G. 22. Gr. List JPsitt Brit. Mus. p. 42 (1859) ; Sclat. 
222 
PSITTACIB^. 

Cat Am. B. p. 350, n. 2039 (1862); Schley. Mus. P.-B. P*ittaci, 

p. 26 (1864); Finsch, Papag. i. p. 554 (1867); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 761 (1872); Sclat. <$• Salv. Nomencl Av. Xeotrop. p. 112, 
n. 41 (1873); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Heme, p. 7 (1874). 
Microsittace flavala, Verr. MS., Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 147. 
Microsittace calliptera, Bp. lieu, et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150 n. 53; 
Souance, Rev. et Mac/, de Zool. 1850, p. G3 \ Sousa, Mus. Kac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 9 (1869). 

Pyrrkura 
calliptera, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Co/isp. Psitt. n. 40; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xvii. (1857) ; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 149, n. 8133 (1870) ; Rchmu. Journ. f. Orn. 1W, p. 288 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 176) ; id. Vogtlbild. Xachtr. fe7 (15bJ). 
Microsittace flavula (errore), Verr., Gieh. Thrs. Orn. i. p. 761 (in svn. 

C. callipteri) (1872). 
Microsittace flaveola (errore), Verr., Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 288 fin svn. P. callipterrp). 
Adult. Green ; pilenm brown, the feathers more or less edged 
with bluish or green ; cheeks green, ear-coverts brown ; throat and 
upper breast brown with a reddish tinge, each feather with two 
cross bands at the tip, one light brown, the other blackish ; a red-
brown patch on the middle of the abdomen, but the feathers edged 
with green; carpal edge and bastard-wing yellow tinged with red, 
in some specimens decidedly red; primary-coverts yellow, in some 
specimens tinged with red; under wing-coverts green, the greater 
ones blackish, like the quills underneath, but sometimes with one 
or several yellow feathers ; quills green, the outer one black, the 
next three or four primaries blue, edged with green on the outer 
webs; tail nearly uniform brown-red both above and below, only 
above, towards the base, slightly tinged with green: bill horn-
white; feet dusky. Total length 10-3 to 9*5 inches, wing 5-6, tail 
4-7, bill 7-5, tarsus 5-6. 

Hal. Bogota. 
a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b-e. Ad. sk.
f-g. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Bogota. 
Purchased. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
Bogota. 
Colombia ( Villagomez). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sal vin-Godman Coll. 

9. Pyrrhura melanura. 
Aratinga melanurus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 36, t xxii. figs. 1, 2 (1824) ; 

Sieph. Gen. Zool. adv. p. 139 (1826); Brekm, Mon. d. Papag. t 26. 
Sittace melanura, Wagl Mon. Psitt p. 645 (lb32). 
Psittacara variegata melanura, Bourj. Perr. pi. 26 (1837-38). 
Psittacus melanurus, Hahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 99, t. 78 (1840). 
Commis melanurus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 16 (1845); 

Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 40 
(1859); Finsch, Papag. i. p. 556 (1807); Peh. Orn. Bras. 
pp. 260, 447, liii (1871); Gieh. Thes. 0m. i. p. 764 (1872); 

12. PYRRHU1U. 
223 
Scl. $ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 42 (1873); Sclat. 
8r Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 299; Taca. Orn. PSr. iii. p. 202, Tabl 

p. 99 (1886); Allen, Bull Am, Mus. Nat. Hid. ii. p. 263 (1889), 
Microsittace melanura, Bp. JRev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, 
n. 58. 
Pyrrkura melanura, Bp. Naumannia, 185C>, Consp. Psift. n. 88; 
O. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 148, n. 8127 (1870); Rchnw. Jburn. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 336 (Consp. Psitt. p. 177); id. Vogelbild. Naclitr. 
90(1883). 
Oonurus speculates, 
Wied, MS., fide Allen, Bull. Am. Mm. Nat. 
Hist. ii. p. 203 (1889). 

Adult male. Dark green : pileum brown, with the edges of the 
feathers green ; frontal edge reddish brown; sides of the head, 
including cheeks and ear-coverts, green ; sides of the neck, throat, 
and breast with two narrow cross bands at the tip of the feathers, 
one brown-grey and the other blackish; rest of the unclerparts 
with obsolete dusky edges to the feathers ; outermost primaries 
"blue, edged with green on the outer webs ; first primary black, 
with no green or blue; primary-coverts red, tipped with yellow, 
the yellow colour increasing on the innermost coverts; greater 
under wing-coverts and quills underneath blackish; tail dark 
brown-chestnut, with very little green at the base of the outer 
web of the feathers, underneath darker, nearly black: bill palo 
horn-brown; feet blackish. Total length 9*3 inches, wing 4'8, 
tail 4-4, bill 0*65, tarsus 0-48. 

Hob. Upper Amazons Valley from Bio Negro to the base of the 

Andes. 
a. <$ ad. sk.
b. Ad. st.
c. Ad. sk. 
Guia, Amazons (Wallace). 
Tocantins R., Amazons. 
Pebas, E. Peru (Haimvell). 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 
H. W. Bates, Esq. [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 

10. Pyrrhura souancei. 
Oonurus (sp. nov.), Sclat. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 76. 
Microsittace souancei, Ve?r. Mev. et Mag. de Zool. 1858, p. 437, (
pi. xii.: Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 9 (1869). 

Oonurus 
souancei, Sclat Cat. Am. B. p. 350, n. 2087 (1862); 
Sclat 8? Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 197, 1867, p. 753; Finsch, 
Papag. i. p. 558 (1862), ii. pp. 937, 944 (1868); Giek Thes. Orn. 

i. p. 767 (1872); Sclat. Sf Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 300 (partim); 
Sclat. 8f Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 43 (1873); Taca. 
Sf Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 108 ; Tacz. Orn. PSr. iii. p. 200, Tabl. 
p. 99 (1886); Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. d. naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 38 
(1888). 
Pyrrkura souancei, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8128 (1870); 
Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 288 (Consp. Psitt. p. 176) $ id. 
Vogelbild. Nachtr. 88 (1883). 

Adult. Green; pileum brown, feathers more or less edged with 
green ; cheeks and ear-coverts green • throat and sides of the neck 
brown, upper breast green, each feather with two cross "bands, a 
light brown one and a second blackish at the edge; in some 

224 
PSITTACIDJS. 

specimens an obsolete brown-red patch in the middle of the 
abdomen, nearly hidden by the green edges; carpal edge, bastard-
wing, and primary-coverts scarlet; smaller under wing-coverts 
green, in some specimens partly red; greater ones blackish, 
like the quills underneath, but in some specimens partly red ; 
quills green, the first primary black, the nest five or sis with the 
outer webs blue, edged with green : tail brown-red, with the base 
of the feathers above green : bill horn-brown; feet dusky. Total 
length about 9*5 inches, wing 5, tail 4*6, bill 0*65, tarsus 0*45. 

Immature birds have the carpal edge, the bastard-wing, and the 
primary-coverts green, with some feathers red. 

Hab. Ecuador and Xauta district of Eastern Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
Rio Napo. 
Rio Kapo. 
Rio Xapo. 
Ma^sena Coll. J 
Verreaux. 
SclaterColi. ) 
d, e. Ad. sk. 
/ . $ ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Nauta, Peruvian Amazons, September 
(Hauxwell). 
{Types of species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. <3 ad. sk. Nauta, Peruvian Amazons* February 
(E. Bartlett). 
Salvri-Crodmaii Coil. 

11. Pyrrhura berlepschi (Plate II. fig. 1.) 
Comrrus souancei (part.), Sclat. 8f Sal v. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 300 (Cityavetas) 
; Berl. (nee Verr.) Journ.f. Orn. 18b9, p. 310. 

Adult. "Very much like P. souancei, but with the hoary edges of 
the feathers of the throat and breast much broader, approaching in 
that respect P. rupicola (Tsch.) ; the ear-coverts are of a brighter 
green with an olive tinge, and the blue colour of the primaries purer 
and brighter; besides, the green colour of the upper parts has a 
yellower tinge, the hidden brown-red patch on the abdomen is 
more distinct and apparently constant, and the bill perhaps darker. 
Total length 9*6 inches, wing D-2 to 4*9, tail 4*7 to 4*3, bill 0*7, 
tarsus 0*45. 

Hab. Peruvian Amazons. 

Besides the type specimen, I have examined the one mentioned 
by Graf v. Berlepsch, and I find that the distinctive characters 
pointed out by him are esactly the same in both. 

a. § ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (E. Bartlett). (Type of species.) 
12. Pyrrhura rupicola. (Plate II. fig. 2.) 
Conurus rupicola, 
Tsch. Wieqm. Arch. 1S44, i. p. 304; id. Faun. 
Per. p. 27*2, t. xxvi. f. 1 (1844); G. E. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, 

n. 39 (1845); Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1S49, p. 243; SclaL 
Cat Am. B. p. 350, n. 2088 (1802); Finseh, Papag, i. p. 5G0 
(1867); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 767 (1872); Sclat fy Salt. Nomencl 
Av.Neotrop.y. 112, n. 44 (1873): Tacz. Orn. Fir. ill p. 201, 
12. PYREHURA. 
225 

Tab! p. 90 (1836) ; Allen, Bull Am. Mus. Nat Hist ii. p. 104 

(1889). 
Micros!ttaee rnpicola, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 54. 
Pyrrhura rupicola, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 44; 

G. H. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8139 (1870); Bclmw. Jour. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 289 (Consp. Psitt. p. 177): id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 
89(1883). 
Conurus rupicolus, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 42 (1859). 

Adult. Green; pileum brown, over the eyes a green superciliary 
band; cheeks and ear-eoverfcs green; feathers of the hind neck 
with light brown edges; throat and upper breast brown, with 
broad bands at the tip of the feathers, dirty grey on the throat, 
yellowish, on the upper breast; on the middle of the abdomen at 
the bases of the feathers a brown-red tinge ; carpal edge green, 
with many red feathers, perhaps, in the fully adult bird, entirely 
red; bastard-wing and primary-coverts red; smaller under wing-
coverts green ; the greater ones, like the quills underneath, blackish, 
with a slight olive tinge; first primary black, the remainder green 
on the outer webs, with no blue tinge; tail above green, with a 
slight brown tinge on the inner webs of the lateral tail-feathers; 
tail below blackish brown: bill horn-brown; feet dusky. Total 
length 10*5 inches, wing 5*2, tail 4*6, bill 0*7, tarsus 0-5. 

Hah Peru. 

a. 
Ad. *k. Pmi (Tsrhudi). Sclater Coll. 
(A type of the species.) 
13. Pyrrhura molinse. 
Conurus molinae, Mass. et SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
p. 73 ; Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 147; G. It Gr. List 
Psitt Brit. Mm. p. 40* (1859); Fimeh, Papag. i. p. 547 (1867); 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 259, 446, liii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
i. p. 765 (1872); Sclat. 8? Said. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 112, 
n. 37 (1873); Sclat $ 8a1 v. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 635; 'White, 
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 621 ; Sclat ibid.; id. Argent Orn. ii. p. 43, 
pi. xiv. (1886); Berl. Jour. f. Orn. 1887, p. 133; Pelz. u. Lor. 
Ann. d. naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 39 (1888); Allen, Bull. Am. 
Mm. Nat. Hist ii. p. 104 (1889). 
Microsittace pyrrhura, Bp. (nec Rchnb.) Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 
pp. 147, 150, n. 61; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 9 (syn. 
emend.) (1&>9). 

Microsittace molinse, Souance, Rev.et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 63. 
Pyrrhura molinse, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 36 (syn. 
^ emend.); Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xv. (1857); G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 148, n. 8126 (1870); Bclmw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 339 (Consp. Psitt p. 179); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 91 (1883). 
Conurus phoenicurus, Naiterer, MS. (nee Licht.) ; Schley. Mus. P.B. 
Psittaci, p. 26 (1864); id. op. cit Revue, p. 7 (1874). 
Sittace phoenicuia, Natt. Cat MS.,fde Pelz. I. c. (1871). 
Adult. Green; pileum brown, with the feathers more or less 
edged with blue; nape brown tinged with blue; cheeks green, 

VOL. xx. 
Q 

226 PSIITA.CIDJ2. 

ear-coverts greyish brown ; throat, sides of the neck, and upper 
breast light brown, sometimes with a greenish tinge, each feather 
with two cross bands—one broader, pale greyish buff, and a second 
one very narrow, blackish brown at the edge; a brown-red patch 
on the middle of the abdomen • under tail-coverts green, in some 
specimens tinged with bluish; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and 
primaries blue, the outer secondaries tinged with blue along the 
middle, green on the outer webs ; greater under wing-coverts and 
quills underneath blackish, slightly tinged wTith olive : tail brown-
red, the base of the four central feathers green, all tipped with 
bluish in some specimens ; tail underneath coppery red : bill horn-
brown ; feet dusky. Total length 10*5 inches, wing 5*2, tail 5S, 
bill 0-78 to 0-70, tarsus 0*45. 

Female, Like the male. 
Bab. Matto Grosso, Bolivia, and Northern Argentina. 
Plate xiv. in the ' Argentine Ornithology' is quite wrong as 

regards the red colour of the bill. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. $ ad. sk. 
c. Ad. at. 
Matto Grosso,
(Natterer). 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia. 
Brazil, July Sclater Coll 
MassenaOoll.
of species.) 
Massena Coll. 
(Type 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/. Ad. sk. 
g. Ad.sk. 
7ij i. Ad. sk. 
h Ad. sk. 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia (Bridges).
Bolivia. 
Piedra Blanca, Bolivia, 
[B. B. Smith). 
Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, 
(C. Buckley)^ 
Salta, Argentine 
April 
Bolivia 
Republic 
T. Bridges, Esq. [C.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman CoE. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
{White). 

14. Pyrrhura devillei. 
Conurus devillei, Mass. et Soitance, Rev. et Mar/, de Zool. 1854, p. 73 : 
G. R. Gr. LibtBbitt. Brit. Mm. p. 40 (18-59); Fimch, Bapaq. i. 
p. 532 (1867); Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 259 (note) (1871) ; Gieb. Tim. 
Om. i. p. 762 (1872); Sclat. fy Salv. Nomencl Av. Keotrop. p. 112, 
ix. 80 (1873). 
Microsittace devillii, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, pp. 147,150, 
n. 52; Sou and, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 63. 
Pyrrhura devillii, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Bsitt. n. 35; Souanci, 
Icon. Perr. pi. xvi. (1857); G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii.p. 149, n.8137 
(1870); RcJmw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 286 (Consp. Bsitt.p. 174); 
id. Togelbild. Nachtr., in the text of n. 85 (1883). 

Adult (type). Green; a narrow frontal band reddish brown; 
pileum brown, with the feathers edged with green ; cheeks green • 
ear-coverts greyish brown ; breast olive-brown, each feather edged 
with two narrow cross bands, one light and the other dusky or 
blackish ; on the middle of the abdomen a brown-red patch; bend 
of the wing, carpal edge, and smaller under wing-covert crimson ; 
bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries blue, edged with black 

12. PORHURA. 227 
at the tip; greater under wing-coverts aud quills underneath 
blackish grey, with a slight oliyo tinge ou the inner webs ; tail 
above olive, below coppery brown-red, each feather tipped with 
olive : bill and feet dusky. Total length 9*4 inches, wing 5, tail 4-1, 
MI 6-5, tarsus 0-42. 

Hab. Bolivia. 

Ad sk

a'-- Bolivia. Massena Coll. (Type 
of species*.) 

15. Pyrrhura perlata. 
Psittacus lepidus, III in Mm. Berol, fide Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 22 
(in syn. P. versieoloris) (1820): Halm, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 100 
(nee tab. 79) (1840). 

IMttacus versicolor, jun., Kuhl, Comp. Psitt. p. 22 (1820). 
? Wave-headed Parakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 109 (1822). 
Aratingaperlatus, Spiv, AD. Bras. i. p. 35, t. xx.figs. 1,2 (bad) (1824); 

Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 138 (1820); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 24. 

figs. 1, 2 (1852). 
Sittace lepida, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. G42 (1832). 
Sittace chlorogenys, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 643 (1832); Bunn. Sgst. 

Ueb. ii. p. 17G (note) (185G). 
P&ittacara perlata, Bourj. Perr. pi. 27 (1837-38). 
Aratinga pseudoperlatus, Brehm, Mon. d. Papar/. Heft v. (text) 

(1842). 
Conuras chlorogenys, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 21 (1845); id. 
List Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 43 (1859). 
Conurus lepidus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 20 (1845): Lieht. 
Nomenel. Av. p. 73 (1854); Bunn. Sgst. Ueb. ii. p. 175 (1850) ; 

G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 42 (1859) ; Finsch, Papag. 
i. p. 543 (1867). ii. p. 945 (1808): Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 763 
(1872). 
Microsittace chlorogenys, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, 

n. 56. 
Microsittace lepida, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150, n. 57 ; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. &2; Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 9 (I860). 

Pyrrhura chlorogenys, Bp. Naumannia, 1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 46; 

G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8135 (1870). 
Pyrrhura lepida, Bp. Naumannia, 1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 47 ; Rchnw. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 339 {Consp. Psitt. p. 179); id. Vogelbikl 
Nachtr! 93 (1883). 

Pyrrhura perlata, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8134 (1870). 

Gonurus perlatus, Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 588, 595; Peh. 
Om. Bras. pp. 259, 440, Hi (1871); Sclat ty Salv. Nomenel. Av. 
Neotrop. p. 112, n. 36 (1873); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 614. 

Adult. Green; a dull frontal band, another on the lower part of 
the hind neck, cheeks, upper breast, sides, vent, outermost upper 
tail-coverts, and under tail-covens bluish ; pileum and nape brown ; 
cheeks more or less greenish on the upper part; ear-coverts brown-
grey ; throat and breast brown, each feather with lighter edges; 
feathers of the breast with two cross bands—a broader one light 

* Souanc<§, in his ' Iconographie.' says that this species is represented also in 
the Museum of Paris. 
Q2 

228 
PSITTACID:E. 

brown, and a second one narrow and blackish at the tip ; a brown-
red patch, in the middle of the abdomen, sometimes scarcely visible, 
and always more or less hidden by the green edges of the feathers ; 
bastard-wing and primary-coverts blue; first primary black, the 
remainder deep blue, with a narrow brighter edge on the outer 
webs ; secondaries blue, with the outer webs green ; tertials green ; 
bend of the wing and smaller under wing-coverts red, the greater 
ones blackish, sometimes some of them reddish ; quills underneath 
blackish with a slight olive tinge; tail above brown-red, with an 
olive tinge at the base, below dark reddish brown, but redder at the 
base of the inner web of the feathers : bill horn-brown ; feet du.sky. 
Total length 9*5 inches, wing 5, tail 4*0, bill O-0'o, tardus n-42. 

Young. The bend of the wing green with no red feathers. 

Hah. Lower Amazons. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk, 
Para. 
Capim R , Para (Wallace). 
Materia (\»1I. 
Sclater Cull. 
Gould Cull. 
16. Pyrrlrara rho&ogaster. 

CoDurus rliodogaster, Xatt MS.; Setat. P. Z. S.1804, p. 298, pi. xxiv.; 
Seldeg. Mus. P.-B. P&ittaci, p. 27 (1SI34); Fhuch* Papaq. i. 

p. 549 (1807); Peh. Orn. Bra*, pp. 200, 440, liii (1871); Vr'M. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 700 (1872); Setat. # Sate. XomencL Ai\ Xvotro/t. 
p. 112, n. 38 (1873) j Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Pattaci, 
lit*rue, p. 7 
(1874); Peh. u. Lor. Ann. d. naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 39 (JbNS). 
Pyrrhura rliodogaster, G. P. Gr. Hand-lisdi. p. 149, n.8140 (1*70). 
Sittace rhodogaster, Xatt. Cat. MS.,Jide Peh. /. e. 
Pjrrkura rliodogastra, Bchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 310 (Con^p. 

Psitt. p. 180) • id. Vogelbikl Sachtr. 94 (1883j. 
Adult Pileum, nape, sides of the neck, throat, and upper breast 
brown, each feather with lighter edges ; forehead and lower part of 
the cheeks bluish • upper part of the cheeks olive-green ; a collar on 
the lower part of the nape blue ; interscapular region, lower back, 
middle of the rump, and central upper tail-coverts green ; shorter 
scapulars green, the longer ones greenish blue; lateral upper tail-
coverts dull blue ; lower breast and abdomen crimson ; flanks, rent, 
and under tail-coverts dull blue ; smaller upper wing-coverts green 
like the back, greater ones dull blue, more or less edged with 
greenish : bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blue, deeper on 
the primaries, which are black at the tip ; first primary entirely 
black • secondaries tinged with green on the outer webs; smaller 
under wing-coverts crimson, the greater ones and the quills underneath 
black; tail above dark red-brown, tinged with green at the 
base of the central feathers, and with blue at the base of the outer 
ones ; tail underneath black : bill and feet blackish. Total length 
9 inches, wing 5*1, tail 4*1, bill 0-7, tarsus 0*4. 
Female. Like the male. 
Hob. Interior of Brazil near Borba. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Borba (Xafterer). Relater Coll. (Type 
of bp'cit^.) 
12, PYKRHTttU. 

229 

17. Pyrrlmra haematotis. 
Pyrrhura liaematotis, Souance, Pev. et Mag. de Zool 1867, p. 97; id. 
"Icon. Perr. pi. xviii. (1857); Pp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 538 (1857) j 

G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8136 (1870); Echnw. Jour. f. 
Om. 1881, p. 339 (Consp. Psitt. p. 179) ; id. VogelUld. Nachtr. 92 
(1883). 
Conurus hsematotis, G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 43 (1859); 
Finsch, Papag. i. p. 551 (1867); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 763 (1872) ; 
Sclat. 8f Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 112, n. 39 (1873). 

Adult, Green ; forehead and crown as far as the eyes brown, the 
feathers edged with bluish ; occiput olive-green; cheeks green; 
ear-coverts brown-red ; the feathers on the sides of the neck have 
brown-greyish edges; throat and upper breast green with a slight 
olive tinge, each feather with narrow dusky edges, scarcely perceptible 
; a brown-red patch on the middle of the abdomen, nearly 
hidden by the green edges of the feathers ; under tail-coverts bluish 
or bluish green ; carpal edge bluish ; bastard-wing, primal-coverts, 
and primaries blue, these edged at the tip with black; first 
primary black ; smaller under wing-coverts green, the greater ones 
and the quills below blackish, with a slight olive tinge; tail brown-
red, scarcely tinged with green at the base, the tips of the feathers 
olive-green ; tail below coppery rpd: bill horn-brown, with the tip 
whitish ; feet dusky. Total length about 9 to 10 inches, wing 5"1 
to 4-9, tail 4-7 to 4-2, bill 0*7 to 0-6. 

JIab. Venezuela. 

a. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Massena Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Spend). Sclater Ooll. 
18. Pyrrlmra rlio&GcepJiala. (Plate III.) 
Conurus rhodocephalus, Sclat. % Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 787; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 706 (1872); Sclat. Sf Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 

p. 112, n. 32 (1873); Sclat Ibis, 1881, p. 131. 
Pyrrhtira rhodocephala, Pchmo. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 340 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 180) ; id. VogelUld. Nachtr. 96 (1883). 

Adult male. Green ; pileum rosy red; ear-coverts dull red ; cheeks 
green ; a slight tinge of red on the throat; a brown-red patch in 
the middle of the abdomen; a few orange-red feathers on the bend 
of the wing and along the carpal edge; bastard-wing and primary-
coverts white; first primary black, the remainder blue on the outer 
webs and with narrow green edges; secondaries green; smaller 
under wing-coverts green, greater ones blackish, washed with olive, 
but often some of them white ; quills underneath blackish, with a 
slight olive tinge on the inner webs ; tail coppery red, sometimes 
with a slight tinge of green at the base : bill horn-whitish; feet 
dusky ; iris brown-red, or red. Total length 9-5 inches, wing 5-4, 
tail 4*5, bill 0-7, tarsus 0*45. 

230 
PSITTACIDJE, 

Young, Differs from the adult in having a bluish tinge on the 
piletim, where are scattered a few rose-red feathers ; a few orange 
feathers on the bend of the wing; the bastard-wing and the prlmarycoverts 
blue; the base of the tail above with a green tinge. 

Mob. Yenezuela. 
The type of the species is a bird without any white on the 
bastard-wing and primary-coverts. 

a. $ imm. sk.
b-e. S ad. sk.
f-h. Ad. et juv.
sk. 
Merida, Venezuela, July(Goering). 
Merida, Yenezuela (Goering). 
Merida, Venezuela, February. 
Sclater Coll. (Types 
of species.) 
Salvin-Godman Cell. 
Sclater Coll. 
i. 6 ad. sk Sierra Nevada, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Cull. 
(Goering), 

19. Pyrrhura hoffmanul 
Commas hoffmanni, Cab. Sitzb. d. Ges. naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, am 
13 Nov. 1861; Finsch, Papag. i. p. 553 (1807); Laicr. Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 131 (1868); Selat. fy Salv. Reot Orn. pi. *1 
(1869); Frantz. Journ. f. Orn. 1809, p. 365; Sale. P. Z. S. 1^70, 

p. 214; id. Ibis, 1871, p. 93; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 703(1872); 
Sclat.fySalv. Nomenel. Ac. Keotrop. p. Ill, n. 40 (1873) : Schley. 
Mits. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 6 (1874) ; Boucard, P. Z. S. 187*^? 
p. 46; Zeled. Pr.U. 
S. Nat. Mm. viii. p. Il l (1885). 
Pyrrhura hoffxnannii, 
Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1802, p. 335; G. JR. Gr. 
Sand-list, p. 149, n. 8141 (1870) ; Rchmc. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 288 (Consp. Psitt. p. 176) ; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 86 (1883). 
Adult male. Green ; the feathers of the head and throat yellowish 
towards the tips and with the shafts more or less red or yellow ; a 
red patch on the ear-coverts ; an obsolete reddish spot on the chin ; 
the feathers of the lower throat and breast with obsolete dusky 
edges; outermost primaries blue towards the base of the outer webs ; 
bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and inner primaries and outermost 
secondaries bright yellow at the bases ; greater under wing-coverts 
and quills underneath dusky grey, tinged with olive on the inner 
webs ; a yellow patch at the base of the quills ; tail-feathers above 
reddish olive, edged with green on the outer webs, underneath 
brown-red, with the tips olive: bill horn-white ; feet grey ; naked 
skin round the eyes dusky flesh-colour. Total length 9*3 inches, 
wing 5*5, tail 4*5, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*5. 
Female. Like the male. 
Hab. Costa Rica and Yeragua. 
Veragna specimens differ from those from Costa Rica in having 

constantly the shafts and the tips of the feathers of the nape tinged 
with red. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica, Salviu-Godman ColL 
January (J. Carmiol). 
b. <$ ad. sk. Dota, Costa Rica, January Bahin-Godman Coll. 
(J. Carmiol). 
13 . MTOPSITTACFS. 
c. Ad. sk. Costa Eica. 
Van Patten, Esq. [0.]. 

cl, e. Ad. sk. Veragua [Area). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, ff- 6 2 ad. sk. Chiriqui (^tr^). Sclater Coll. 

&t h &• 6 5 ad. sk. Southern slope of the Volcano Salvin-Godman Coll. 

of Chiriqui (Arce). 

13. 
MYOPSITTACUS. 
Type. 
Myiopsitta, 2^?. j&??;. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 150 .. M. nionachus. 

Range. Bolivia, Argentine Eepublic, and Uruguay. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Grey feathers of the throat and breast with lighter 
edges or bands; tail-feathers with the tip and 
inner web yellow manachus, p. 231. 
b. Grey feathers of the throat and breast uniform, 
with no lighter edges; tail-feathers with no 
yellow at the tip and on the inner web luchsi, p. 233. 
1. Hyopsittacus mouaclms. 
Perruehe a poitrine grise, D'Anient PL EnL 70S. 
Perruehe souris Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 148 (1779) j Levaill. 
Pen: pi. 38 (1801) (ex B'Aubenton). 
Grey-breasted Parrakeet, Lath, Syn. L p. 247 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. 
ii! p. 172 (1822). 
? Psittacus ehorseus, Mol. Saqgio Stor. not. Chili, pp. 257,343 (1782); 
Gm 8. K i. p. 337, n. l08 (1788); Lath. Lid. Orn. I p. 112, 

n. 93 (1790); Beehst. Eurze Ueb. p. 91 (1811-12); Vieill. N. D. 
xxv. p. 329 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 95 (1820); Vieill Enc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1375 (1823). 
Psittacus nionachus, Bodd. Tall. Pi Enl p. 48 (1783). 
Psittacus mininus, Gm. S. N. I p. 327, n. 80 (1788); Lath. Ind. 

Orn. i. p. 101, n. 55 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. p. 456 (1811); 
Beehst. Lath. Ueb. p. 78 (1811-12); Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 355 
(1817) ; Kuhl, Conap. Psitt. p. 28 (1820); ? SID. Zool III ii. pi. 89 
(bad) (1821-22); Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1401 (1823); Ms, 
1829, p. 999; Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 733 (1831); Wagl Mon. Psift. 

p. 741 (1832); Hahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 62 (syn. emend.), 
t. 47 (1836) ; Thienem. Fortpflanz. d. ges. Vdg. p. 76 (1846). 
? Chili Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 93 (1802); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 
p. 220 (1822). 
Viudita, Azara, Apunt. Hist nat. Parag i. p. 431, n. 282 (1803). 
La ieune Veuve, Azara, Voy. (ed. Sonn.),iii. p. 68 (1809) ; Thienem. 
Fortpflanz. d. ges. Tog. p. 72 (note) (1846). 
Psittacus cotorra, Vieill N. JD. xxv. p. 302 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. 

iii. p. 1396 (1823). 
Conuru 
441 (1861). 

232 
PSITTACJLDJE. 

Sittaco murina (part), Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 638 (1832) ; Hartl. 
Si/st. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 86 (1844). 
? Sittace caiiicollis, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 540 (ex Swainson) (1835) ; 
Sotamce, Icon. Perr. m the text of pi. xxiii. (1857). 
F Psittaca calita, Jarcl £ Selb. III. of Orn. pi. 82 (1837-40); Souance, 
Icon. Perr. in the text of pi. xxiii. (1857). 

Oonimw monaclms, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 25 (syn. emend.) 
(1845) ; Hartl. Ind. Azar. Apunt. p. 18 (1847) ; ? Gay, Hist. Chill, 
Zool. i. ]>. 3G8 (1847); G. Ii. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 43 (1859); 
Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 350, n. 201)1 (1802); Schley. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 15 (1804); id. op. cit. Revue, p. 4 (1874); Garrod, 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587. 
Conurus calito, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 40 (1845). 
Y Conurus caiiicollis, G. Rh Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 43 (1845) ; id. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 44 (1859). 

Myiopsitta murina, Bp. Rev. et Mug. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 62; 
"Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 63; Bp. Naumannia, 185(1, 
Consp. Psitt. n. 48. 

Myiopsitta calito, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 65. 
Conurus griseicollis, JDes Mars in Casteln. Exp. Am. du Sud, Ois. 

p. 16 (1855) (Rio Paraguay); Hartl. Journ.f. Orn. 1857, p. 42. 
Myiop&itta calita, 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. 63 ; Bp. 
"Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 49; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 149, n. 8146 (1870). 
Conurus calita, 
G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 43 (1859) ; Sclat. 
Cat. Am. B. p. 350, n. 2091 (1862); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 

p. 16 (1864); id. op. cit. Revue, p. 4 (1874), 
Bolborhynchus 
monachus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 114 (1867); Pelz. 
Om. Bras. pp. 261 (note), 447 (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. 

p. 469 (1872) ; Schmidt, Zool. Gart. 1872, p. 257 ; Lee, Ibis, 1873, 
p. 134; Sclat. § Finsch, Ibis, 1873, p. 480 ; Sclat. $ Salv. Nomencl. 
Av. Neotrop. p. Ill, n. 1 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; 
Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 186; Burm. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 77; Sclat. 8> 
Salv. P.Z.S. 1879, p. 635; Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 3; Schmidt, 
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 310; Rchnw. Togelbild. t. xvii. f. 7 (1878-83); 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 346 (Consp. Psitt. p. 18('\); White, 
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 621; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 345 (1883); 
Barrows, Auk, 1884, p. 28; Berl Jour. f. Orn. 1887, p. 121 ; 
Sclat. Argent. Orn. ii p. 43 (1889). 
JVIyiopsitta monachus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8145 

(1870). 
Myiopsitta canicollis, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8150 (1870). 
Bolborhynchus murinus, Burm. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 77. 

Adult. Green; sinciput, lores, cheeks, throat, and breast grey, 
the leathers of the throat and upper breast with lighter edges; occiput, 
rump, and upper breast bright green; abdomen, flanks, and 
under tail-coverts yellow-green; primary-coverts and quills blue, 
edged with green on the outer webs; smaller under wing-coverts 
dull green, the greater ones and inner webs of the quills bluish; 
tail green above, bluish below, the lateral feathers with the inner 
wTebs and tips greenish yellow : bill reddish white ; feet grey ; iris 
brown. Total length 11-5 inches, wing 5'6r tail 5-5, bill' 0*7, 
tarts us 0*5. 

14 . BOLBOIUIYNClfUR. 
23,1 
Sab. Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentine Republic, and Uruguay. 

Whether the bird from Mendoza (Pxittaca calita, Jard. & Hell).) 
is distinct from the ordinary B. monachus I am not able to say, 
having no specimens from that locality. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Purchased. 
c 2 ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk.
e,f. 6 $ ad.sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. Ad. st.
h. Ad. fak. 
Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Rep.,
July (White). 
Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. Rep.,
June, July. 
Cordova, Arg. Rep., December(White), 
Gualequaichu, Arg. Rep. (Lee). 
Maldonado, Uruguay (Darwin). 
[Brazil.] 
•Salvin-Godman Coll. 
E. W. White [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
II.M.S. 'Beagle.' 
Mashena Coll. 

2. Myopsittacus luclisi, (Plate IY.) 
? Buenos-Ayres Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 184 (1822). 
r* Conurus monachus, Boech (nee Bodd.), Nau?nawiia, 1855, p. 507. 
Myiupsitta murinoides, Souance (nee Temm.), Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 


li>56, p. 63. 
Conurus murinoides, 67. R. Gr. List Psift. Brit. Mus. p. 43 (1859). 
Bolborhynchus luclisi, Finsch> Papag. ii. p. 121 (1868); Gieb. Thes. 

Om. i. p. 469 (1872); Sclat. ty Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 

p. 112, n. 2 (1878) ; Sclat. $ Sato. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 635 ; Rehmo, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 346 (Comp. Psitt. p. 186); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 101 (1883). 
Myiopsitta luchbi, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8152 (1870). 

Very much like B. monachus, but the forehead, throat, and breast 
uniform grey, without the lighter edges at the tips of the feathers; 
the abdomeu and flanks more yellowish-olive; tail-feathers bluish 
green, with no yellow tips, and the lateral ones with no yellow 
colour on the inner webs; tail underneath verditer-blue. Bize of 

B. 
monachus. 
Bab. Bolivia? 
a, b. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [0.]. (Types 
oi species.) 

14. BOLBOEHYKCHUS. 
Bolborhynchus, Bp. Cornpt. Bend. xliv. p. 596, gen. 30 
(1857) ; Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xxiii. (1857) B. ajinara. 
Bolborrhynchus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. Ill (1868). 

Range. From Mexico to Northern Chili and Argentine Republic. 

234 
PSITTACIDJ2. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Upper parts green, with no black bands. 
a'. Tail ratber long, not much shorter than the 
wings. 
a". Cap brown, throat and breast grey aymara, p. 234. 
b". No brown cap; pileum green, like the re


mainder of the upper parts. 
a"'. No distinct jellow band on the forehead 
and round the base of the bill. 
aK Middle of the underpaits bluish grey 
or glaucous ruhrirobtri\ p. 235. 
bK Underpaits yellowish green, with no 
glaucous tinge along the middle . . orbignyi, p. 280. 
b'". A yellow band round the ba^e of the bill, 
from the forehead to the throat air riff ons, p. '23$). 
b'. Tail short, much shorter than the -wings. 

c". Larger, wing 4*3 inches; no yellow under 
the eyes ; inner webs of the quills below 
green" andicola, p. 23^. 

d". 
Smaller, wing 3*7 inches ; a yellow streak 
from below the eyes to the upper ear-
coverts ; inner web of the quills below 
bluish green; bill rather long panychloru,% p. 23**. 

b. 
Upper parts green, with black bands, conspicuous 
also on the sides Hneolatits} p. 231). 
1. Bolborhynclius ajmara. 
Arara aymara, JJOrb. Voy. de UAmer. Mer. ii. p. 376 (1830). 
Psittacus murinoides, Temm. in Mm. Lugd. Batav. (Jide Schley. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 16, 1864). 
Myiopsitta canicollis, Bp. (?zec Wagl) JRev. et Mag. de Zool. 1 K54y 

p. 150, n. 63; Souance, JRev, et Mag. de Zool. 1^56, p. 03; Bp. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 51 ( = aymara,fide boiianre). 
Myiopsitta murinoides, Bp. JRev. et Mag. de Zool. lv>4, p. 150, 

n. 64 (descr. nulla); Bp. Naumannia, Ih5(>, Consp. Pbitt. n. 50; 
G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8153 {lb70). 
JBolborhynchus aymara, Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xxiii. (1*57); Fhmh, 
Papag. ii. p." 123 (1867); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. i. p. 469 11*72?; 
Sund. MetJi. nat. Ai\ disp. Tent. p. 71 (1*72); Selat. if Salv. 
Nomencl. Ai\ Keotrop. p. 113, n. 3 (lb73|; Sdat. 4* *Wr. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 635; Salv. Cat. B. Strichl. Coll. p. 4VM (I&s3); White, 

P. Z. S. 1883, p. 40; Allen, Bull. Am. Mu% Sat. Hist ii. p. 104 
(1889) ; Sclat. Argent Orn. ii. p. 46, p i xv. < lfefcU). 
Conurus agilis?, Barm, [nee Licht.) Joion.f. Orn. 1858, p. 137. 
Oonurus aymara, G. JR. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 44 (svn. 

emend.) (1859); Burm. JReise, ii. p. 442 (1861) ; Sclat. Cat Am. 

B. p. 350, n. 2092 (1862); Schley. Mm. P.-B. Pbittaei, p. 16 
(1864); Leyb. JExc. Pamp. Argent, p. 46(1*73); ScMeq.op. cit. 
Revue, p. 4 (1874); Mart Journ.f. Orn. 1*73, pp. 442, 445. 
Conurus brunniceps, Burnt. Journ. f. Orn. 1&00, p. 243; Sdat. Ibis. 
1801, p.«200 (note). 
Con in us aguava, Schley, JDierent p. 81 (Chili) (1*64). 

14 . BOLBORHINCEFS. 
235 

Myiopsitta ayniara, G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. L50, n. 8147 (1870). 
Bolborhynchus brunneiceps, Bchuo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881. p. 346 
(Co?isp. Psitt. p. 186) ; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 102 (1883). 

Adult. Green; pileum and upper ear-coverts earthy brown; 
cheeks, sides of the neck, and throat pale grey; breast, abdomen, 
and tinder tail-coverts yellowish green ; on the middle of the breast 
a slight grey tinge ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills bluish 
green; smaller under wing-coverts yellowish green, the greater 
ones and inner webs of the quills underneath dusky, with a slight 
olive tinge; tail green, two central tail-feathers bluish towards the 
tips, tail below bluish green: bill whitish"; feet flesh-colour (?). 
Total length 8 inches, wing 3*7, tail 4-1, bill 0-45. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah. Bolivia, Western Argentine Republic, and Chilian Andes. 

a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Bueldey). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. ^lendoza, Jan. (Bur- Salvin-Godman Coll. (One 
meister). of the types of C. brunneiceps, Burm.) 
/ . c? ad. sk. Chilian Andes (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
tj. h. Ad. sk. Chili. Cuming [C], 

i. Ad. fek. Chili. 
Purchased, 
2. Bolborhynchus rubrirostris. 
Conurus rubrirostris, Burm. Joum./. Orn. 1860, p. 243; id. La-Plata 
Meise, ii. p. 442 (1801). 

Bolborhynchus rubrirostris, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 125 (1867) ; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 470 (1872); Sctat. $ Salv. Nomencl. AD. 
Neotrop. p. 113, n. 4 (1873); Burm. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 77; Pchnw. 
Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 347 {Camp. Psitt. p. 187); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 103 (1883); Select. Argent. Orn. ii. p. 46 (1889). 

Mviopsitta 
rubrirostris, G. E. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8151 
'(1870). 
Conurus rufirostris, "Burm." Leyb. Exc. Pamp. Argent, p. 46 (1873); 
Mart. Journ.f. Orn. 1875, pp. 442, 445. 

Adult Green; a slight yellowish tinge on the frontal edge; 
throat, middle of the breast and of the abdomen, and under tail-
coverts with a slight bluish tinge; sides of the breast and flanks 
yellowish green ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer webs of 
the quills dull blue; outermost secondaries bluish, the innermost 
gradually greener; smaller under wing-coverts bluish green, the 
greater ones and inner webs of the quills below dusky grey; tail 
bluish green : bill rather thick, rosy red; feet flesh-colour. Total 
length 7*5 inches, wing 3*9, tail 3, bill 0-52, tarsus 0*52. 

Hah. Western Argentine Republic, near Mendoza, and Chilian 
Andes. 

a. Ad. sk. Chilian Andes (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
236 
r*IITAClB3\ 

3. Bolboxliyiiclius orbignyi. 
Myiopsitta orbvgnesia, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. in 
(descr. nulla); Souance, Rev. et Mag. de 7A oh 1856, p. 63 {deser. 
manca); J?/;. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 53; 6-'. J?. 6-V. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8149 (1S70). 

Bolborhynehus orbygne^ia, Souance, Icon. Terr. pi. xxiv. f. 1 (1857). 
Conurus orbygnesius, <?. P. #>*. Z*"rt P*/tf. Brit. Mm. p. 44 (l^oiJ). 
Conurus aurifrons, Sclat. $ Salv. (nee Lr#*.) P. Z. #. lQfJ7, p. 08^. 
Bolborlnndius doibignyi, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 120{l-!j^j; #/<?£. 

Thes.'Orn. i. p. 461) (1872). 
Bolbnrhvnchus orbignesius, &/fltf. 4' Srdv. P. if. 6'. 18fN, p. 50U, 1^00, 

p. 154", 1879, p. 635; Sclat. P. Z. S. Lb-H, pp. :J95. :jOt», #'0. 
Bolborhynehus orbisrnianus, Sclat. 4* #?/t\ Xouwtd. At. Xioir»p. 
p. 113, n. 6 (18731). 
? Conurus terumiucMi, Bp. in Mus. Paris, iide Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 549. 
Bolborhynehus orbignvi, Rchniu. Journ. f. Ora. 18^1. p. 347 {O^t^p. 
Psitt. p. 187); id. Yogelbild. Xachtr. 104 (1^83) ; Tacz. Onu Per. 
Hi. p. 211 (note) (1886). 

Adult. Green; throat, breast, and abdomen yellowish green ; 
under tail-coverts light green : bastard-wing and primary-coverts 
greenish blue; outer web of the quills dull blue, with narrow 

•whitish edges ; smaller under wing-coverts green, vdth a slight blue 
tinge on the outermost ones ; greater under wing-coverts and quills 
below dusky grey ; tail above green, below bluish: bill whitish ; 
feet flesh-colour. Total length 7*5 inches, wing 4*1, tail 3*3, bill 
0-48, tarsus 0*45. 
Female. Like the male, only a little less yellowish and with a 
slight bluish tinge. 
Hah. South-western Peru, Xorth-western Chili, and Bolivia. 


a,b. Jjad.sk . Tinta, Peru, May, June (&. Tweeddale Cull. 
Tflately). 

c. $ ad. sk. Tinta, Peru, Mav (S. JJ'hiteli/). Sab m-Godmau Cull. 
d. $ ad. sk. Cliinata, S.W. Peru, July (ii. fcJclater Coll. 
Whitely). 
e,f. 
$ $ ad. sk. Tarapaca, Chili, Jan. (Rah- Sclater Coll. 
mer). 

g. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridge- "C. . 
//. Ad.sk. Lake of Titicaca, Bolivia. J.Pentland^E^q. ~P.]. 
i. 
Ad. sk. Lake of Titicaca, Bolivia, May Sclater Coll. 
(JD. Forbes). 
4. Bolborhynchus aurifrons. 
Paittacus (Lathamas) aurifrons, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 03, pi. 18 (1830). 
Latham a front jaune, Less. Tr. cfOrn. p. 205 (note) (1831). 
Trichoglossus aurifrons, Wagh Mon. Psitt p. 547 (1832). 
Conurus aurifrons, Bourj. Perr. pi. 45 {1837-38); G. R. Gr. Gen, B. 


ii. p. 414, n. 41 (1845); id. List Psitt. Brit. Mvs. p. 44 (1*39); 
Homey. Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 361; Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 351, 
n. 2093 (1862),-Schleg. Mus. P.-B. P*ittaci, p. 15 {1HJ4U Mat. 
P. Z. S. 18(56, p. 100; Sclat. § Sale. P. Z. S. 1N>7, p. as8; Sat v. 
Ibis7 1871, p. 88 (note); Schley. Mtt*. P.-B. lMttn'-i, Recife, p. 4 
(1874). 

14. BOLBOEHYKCHUS. 
237 

Lathanius aurifrons, Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. ed. 2, p. 609 (1838). 

Psittacus aurifrons, Less. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1842, p. 135. 

Conurus sitophagus, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch 1844. i. p. 304; id. Faun. 

Per. p. 273 (L8U). 

Conurus agilis, Lieht Nomencl. Av. p. 73 (1854). 

Myiopsitta aurifrons, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, n. 60; 

Souanci, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 63; Bp. Naumanma,'\%5Q>7 
Consp. Psitt. n. 52; Soma, Mus, Nac. Lisb. P&ittaei, p. 10 (1869) ; 

G. B. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8148 (1870). 
Conurus? frontalis, Deville, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
m syn, n. 52. 
Myiopj-itta sitophagus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 55, 
Bolborhvnckus aurifrons, Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. sxiv. f. 2 (J) 

(1857); Finsch, Papag. ii. pp. 126, 949 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Oni. 
L p. 469 (1872); Sund. Meth. not. Av. disp. Tent. p. 71 (1872); 
Sdat. $ Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 5 (1873); Tacz. 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 549, 1880, p. 211; Bchmo. Joitm. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 347 {Consp. Psitt. p. 187); id. Voqelbild. Nachtr. 104 (1883) ; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. iii, p. 210, Tabl. p. 99 (1886). 
Brotugeiy, (!) aurifrons, Nation, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 279* 


Afhdt male. Green : forehead, lores, anterior part of the cheeks, 

and throat yellow ; middle of the breast, a band across the lower 

part of the same, and sides also yellow ; Tent and under tail-coverts 

li^ht gre^n; bastard-wing* and primary-coverts greenish blue; pri


maries blue on the outer webs, and edged witb whitish; smaller 

under wing-coverts bluisb green ; greater under wing-coverts and 

quills below dusky, with a slight bluish tinge on the inner webs; 

tail above green, below bluisb green : " bill yellowish white ; cere 

orange; feet reddish yellow; iris greyish yellow" (Taezanoiuski). 

Total length 0*6 inches, wing 3*7, tail 3-3, bill 0*5, tarsus 0-45. 

Female. Has no yellow on the face; only on the chin and on the 
sides of the breast there is a yellowish tinge; the whole of the 
underparts greener than in the male, but paler than the upper 
parts. 

Hub. Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru. Purchased. 
b. J ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Jelshf). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. W. Peru. Sclater Coll. 
d1 e. Ad. sk. ? {Belattre). E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Chili. Zoological Soc. Coll. 
* It seems very likely that the following synonyms also belong to B. an rifrons:— 
?Psirtacus 
jaguilma, MoL, Saggio Stor. Nat. Chili, pp. 257, 343 (1782); 
Grm. 8. X. I p. 324, n. 69 (1788); Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 96, n. 40 (1790); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 442 (1811); JBeoUt. Kurse Ueb. p. 73 (181112); 
Vieill. N. D. TSJT. p. 365 (1817); id. Eno. Mctk iii. p. 1399 (1823); 
Poeppiff, Froriep's Notts, xxiii. p. 280 (1829); Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 743 

? .Taquilma Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 85 (1802); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 154 (1822). 
Pbitfaeus jaquilma, Kuhl, Consp Psitt p. 94 (1820). 
238 
PSITTACID2E. 

5. Bolborhyiiclrus andicola. (Plate Y.) 
Paittacula andicola, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 90; Selat. $ Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 078, (579 ; Pchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 349 
(Con*p. Psitt p. 189) j id. Voqelbild. Nachtr. 105 (1883); Nation, 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 279 ; Sclat. ibid, (note) ; Ridgw. Pr. U. S. Nat 
Mus.x. p. #29(1887). 
Bolborhynchus orbigneshw, Tacz. (nee Pp.) P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 549, 
(.79. 
Bolborlivnchus 
nndioola. Sclat. # Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 18; Tacz. 
Orn. Per. iii. p. 211, Tabl. p. 100 (1880). 

Adult male. Beep green; forehead, sides of the head, and underpays 
with a yellowish tinge; under tail-coverts bright green ; outer 
web of the primaries bluish green with greener edges ; smaller 
under wing-coveris green, greater ones and inner webs of the primaries 
below bluish green; tail green, duller underneath : bill 
horn-grey, with the tip whitish ; feet pale brown ; iris dark 
brown. Total length about 7 inches, wing 4*3, tail 2-6, bill 0-5, 
tarsus 0*55. 

Female. Like the male, but apparently duller, and with scarcely 
any yellowish tinge on the forehead, sides of the head, and underpays. 


Hob. Peru. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. <$ ad. sk. 
Paucartambo, Peru, Feb.
(H. Whitely). 
Paucartambo, Peru, Jan. 
Sclater Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. $ $ ad. sk,
e. 2 ad. sk.
/ . J ad. sk.
(IT. Whitely). 
Lima, Peru (Nation). 
Maraymoc, Peru. 
Punamarca, C. Peru (JeZSclater 
Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
ski). 

6. Bolborhynchus panychloras. 
Brotogerys panychlorus, Salv. $• Godm. Ibt\ 1882, p. 211, pi. ix. 

f. 1; Pchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1884, p. 234 ; Pchmo. u. Schal. Jour. 
f. Orn. 1885, p. 459;" Salv. Ibis, 188G, pp. 08, 509. 
Psittacula panychlora, Pchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1884, p. 235. 
Male. Green; underparts paler; under the eyes yellowish; lores, 
chin, and sometimes also the forehead and under tail-coverts, tinged 
with yellow; wings blackish, externally green, carpal edge pale 
yellow; greater under wing-coverts and inner web of the quills 
below bluish green; tail green, underneath bluish green: bill 
dusky; feet pale brown. Total length 5-5-6 inches, wing 
3-7 ; tail, middle feathers 1-85, lateral feathers 1-5 ; bill 0*49, 
tarsus 0-4. 

Female. Like the male, only greener, and with less yellow colour 
on the face and under tail-coverts. 

Ilab, Koraima, British Guiana. 

14 . BOLBOBnYHCHUS. 
239 


<*> b,> 6 2 ad. sk. 
Roraima,Brit. GuianaJan., Salvin-God- ) ™ 

r^2ea 

Nov. (1L Whitely). man Ooll. /
d, e. 6 $ ad. sk Roraima,Brit.Guiana.Jan. Sclater Coll. f ot. 

(H. WMtehj). 
I »PeC1^/ 
. 
c? ad. sk. Roraima, Brit.Guiana, Jan. Sclater Ooll. 
(JET. Whitehj). 

7. Bolbornyncnus lineolatus. 
Psittacula lineola, Cass. Pr. Acad. Pkilad. vi. p. 372 (Mexico) (1853); 
id. Journ. Acad. Philad. iii. p. 154, pi. xiv. f. 1 (1835) ; Sclat. 

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 230. 
Myiopsitta tigrina, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 144 
(Venezuela); Bp. Compt. Rendus. xlii. p, 764 (1850), xliv. p. 538 
(1857); Sclat P. Z. S. 1864, p. 178 (obs.). 

Myiopsitta lineola, Bp. Kaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 54; 
Zeled. Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. Il l (1885); Ridgw. Man. N. 
Am. Birds, p. 269 (note) (1887). 

Psittacula lineolata, Sclat P. Z. S. 1856, p. 306: Baird. B. N. Am. 

p. 66 (1858). 
Myiopsitta catharina, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 538 (1857). 
Bolborhynchus catharina, " Bp.f Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 225 ; Sclat 
$ Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 137 (in syn. C. lineolati); G. R. Gr. Hand-
list, ii. p. 149, n. 8143 (1870). 
Conurus lineolatus, Sclat §* #«^-Pbis, 1859, p. 137, 1862, p. 96; 
Solo. Ibis, 1869, p. 319. 
Conurus lineola, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 44 (1859): Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1864, p. 177. 
Bolborhynchus tigrinus, " Bp." G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus., in 
syn. C. lineolce, p. 44 (1859). 
Conurus catharina, G. R. Gr.List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 45 (1859). 
Bolborhynchus lineolatus, Finsch, Papag. ii, p. 130 (1868); Salv. 

Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 94; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 4C9 (1872); Sclat $ 
Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 7 (1873); Rclmw. Vogelbild. 
t xxviii. f. (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 348 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 188); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 417. 

Bolborhynchus 
lineola, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8144 
(1870). 
Bolborhynchus tigrina, Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 95. 

Adult male. Dull green above and on the sides; head above 
brighter ; forehead, sides of the head, and middle of the underparts 
yellowish green ; upper parts, sides of the neck and of the body with, 
cross black bands on the edges of the feathers ; feathers of the rump 
and upper and under tail-coverts with black spots at the tips; 
smaller upper wing-coverts black, the median and the greater ones 
with black spots at the tip ; bastard-wing blackish; primary-coverts 
black edged with green ; carpal edge yellowish green; first primary 
black, the remainder black with green outer webs; greater under 
wing-coverts and quills underneath black, with the inner webs 
bluish green ; tail-feathers above green, with the median part black, 
below bluish green: bill horn-yellowish white *, feet flesh-colour. 
Total length 6*7 to 7 inches, wing 4'1, tail 2*3, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*45. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hal. Erom Southern Mexico to Yeragua. 


240 
PSIITACnLTC. 

Borne specimens have less black on the wing-coverts and a 
bluish lingo on the head; apparently they are young or immature 
birds. 

It has been said that this bird occurs in the island of Coznmel, 
on the authority of Dr. Cabot, but more recent collectors hare not 
found it there. Also the locality Venezuela, mentioned by De 
Souance, requires confirmation. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico ( White). Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico ( White). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c} (I Ad. sk. Mexico. Salle [0.]. 
e. 
cS ad. sk. Coatepec, State of Vera Salvin-Goduian Coll. 
Cruz, Mexico, Aug. (J. 
Ferrari-Perez). 
f, 
//. Ad. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala (0 . Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin). 
/i, i. 2 ad. et ad. Volcan de Fuego, Guate-Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
sk. mala, Nov. (O. Salvin). 

h. 
<$ ad. sk. Volcan de Fuego, GuateSclater 
Coll. 
mala, Nov. (O. Salvin). 
I 
$ ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Bica, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Feb. (J. Carmiol). 

n d % a(l-sk.

m,- Volcan de Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o} p. Ad. sk. Veragua. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

15. PSIXTACULA. 
Type. 
Psittacula *, Cuv.} fide III. Prodi*. Mamm. et Av. 


p. 200 (1811); JtuM, Consp. Psitt. p. 8 (1820) .. P. passerina. 
Psittaculus, Spiv, A)\ Bras. i. p. 38 (1824) P. passerina. 
Agaporms, Sw. (nee Selbi/) Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). P. cyanoptera. 
Forpus, Bote, 1858 (fide G. P. Gr. Hatid-Hst, ii. 
p. 106, 1870). 
(Cf. Pidgioay, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus. x. Vj). 529-o48.) 

Range. From Mexico to Brazil and Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Rump in the adult male ultramarine-blue, 
more or less deep. 
a'. Back, scapulars, innermost upper wing-
coverts, and tertials greenish grey; a 
blue streak behind the eyes; female with 
no blue whatever, and with rump bright 
green ccxlestis, p. 241. 
b\ Back, scapulars, smaller wing-coverts, and 
tertials green, like the head. 

a". 
Orbital region cobalt-blue j female with 
no blue whatever, and with orbital 
region and rump emerald-green conspicillata, p. 243. 

* Pbittacula is often attributed to Brisson, who, however, did not use it 
generirally. 

15 . 
PSITTACULA. 241. 
&".^Orbital region with no blue colour. 

a'". Upper mandible dusky brown. Larger 
than 1\ passerina and very dark 
green; female with no blue whatever, 
and with the forehead, sides of the 
head, and throat yellowish green .. schtten, p. 244. 

b'". Upper mandible, like the under mandible, 
whitish. 
a\ Greener. 


a5. Forehead, cheeks, and lower 
parts more or less yellowish 
green; female with no blue 
whatever, with the rump 
emerald-green, and with forehead, 
cheeks, and lower parts 
decidedly yellowish green ... . passerma, p. 245. 

b\ Forehead and cheeks pure green, 
with no yellow tinge whatever; 
blue colour of the rump and 
wings a shade lighter; bill 
thick and robust; female unknown 
crcwiroiitris, p. 247. 

bi. Paler and more yellowish ; forehead, 
cheeks, and under parts distinctly 
yellowish green; female 
unknown flaveseons, p. 248, 

b. Rump in the adult male turquoise-blue. 
c'. Under wing-coverts turquoise-blue like 
the rump; female with no blue whatever, 
and with rump bright green; 
quills (except tertials) darker green than 
coverts cyanopygla, p. 249, 

d'. 
Under wing-coverts bicoloured, dark ultramarine-
blue, surrounded by a distinct 
outer margin of bluish green; female 
" with the rump and under wing-
coverts Paris-green" {Ridgiuay) qumgeli, p. 250. 


c. 
Rump in the adult male emerald-green; 
under wing-coverts bicoloured, dark ultramarine-
blue, surrounded by a distinct outer 
margin of bluish green j upper greater wing-
coverts emerald-green, more or less tinged 
with light cobalt-blue; primary-coverts 
green, the innermost deep ultramarine-blue; 
female with no blue whatever; inner webs 
of the quills underneath greenish guianemis, p. 251. 
1,. Psittacnla ccelestis. 

Agapornis ccelestis, Less. Echo dil Monde Savant, 1844, t.2*; id. 
Desor. Mamm. et Ois. p. 198 (1847). 
Psittacula ccelestis, Lafr. Rev. Zool 1848, p. 172; Bp. Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool 1854, p. 152, n. 133; Souanct, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 

* I have not been able to find this quotation, which seems wrong, although 
given by Lesson himself (Descr. Mamm. et Ois. I. c). 
VOL. XX. R 

/ 

242 
PSITTACID,^. 

1850, p. 157; Bp. Miumamiia, 1856, Consp, Psitt. n. 132* Souanci, 
Icon. Perr. pi. xl. (tf $ ) (1857) ; &. J2. £r. Zw* ifcfc. J?*#. -MM*


p. 86 (1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. I860, p. 287 j id. Cat. Am. B. p. 357, 
n. 2137 (1862); Finsch, Papag. ii. 2, p. 666 (18CS) ; Soma, 
Mus. Nac. Lisb. Paittaci, p. 14 (1869); G. P. Or. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 166, n. 8351 (1870); Salv. Bis, 1871, p. 88 (note) ; Sclat. $ 
Salv. Nomencl Av. Keotrop. p. 115, n. 6 (1873) • G&6. Titea. Orn. 
iii. p. 327 (1877); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 329, 753, 1880, p. 211; 
Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 350 (Consp. Ptitt. p. 190) ; id. 
VoqdhiU. Nachtr. 107 (1883)• Perl § Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 574 ; 
Tacz. $ Perl. P. Z. S. 1*85, p. 122 ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 214, 
Tabl. p. 100 (1886); Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Kat. Mus. x. p. 537 (1887) ' 
Marti. Journ. f. Orn. 1880, p. 113. 
PPsittacula 
passerina, Sclat. (?iec Linn.) P. Z. S. 1854, p. 115 
(Ecuador). 
Psittaculus coelestis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 32 (1864) ; id. 
op. cit. Pevue, p. 9 (1874). 

Adult male. Dull green; forehead, crown, cheeks, and chin 
bright grass-green; behind the eye a blue stripe ; occiput and. nape 
bluish grey; back, scapulars, innermost upper wing-coverts and 
innermost quills greenish grey; lower back, rump, secondaries,base 
of the shorter primaries, greater wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, 
and axillars deep blue, darker on the rump; apical portion of the 
primaries green; upper tail-coverts bluish green ; unclerparts green, 
tinged with greyish on the sides of the breast and on tLe flanks ; 
tail green : " bill whitish; feet flesh-colour ; iris brown " (Taczanowski). 
Total length about 5 inches, wing 3*3, tail 1*5, bill 0*5, 
tarsus 0*45. 

Female. No trace of blue anywhere; upper parts less greyish and 

rather brighter green than in males ; top and sides of the head less 

pure yellowish green than in the male; the lower back and rump 

bright green, inclining to emerald ; lower parts entirely apple-green ; 

under wing-coverts and axillars similar but less yellowish; quills 

underneath dusky grey. 

Young male. Similar to the adult female, but a postocular region 
decidedly tinged with blue" (Ridgway), and rump bluish green 
more or less tinged with ultramarine or deep blue. 

Hub. Ecuador and Peru *. 

* I have not been able to identify the following subspecies :— 
PSITTACULA COSLESTIS LUCIDA. 

Psittacula coelestis lucida, Ridgw. Pr. TJ. S. Nat. Mies. x. p. 538 (1887). 

Adult male. " The top and sides of the bead are decidedly more yellowish green(than in P. coelestis); the lower parts also are lighter and more yellowish green, 
with the sides and flanks strongly olive-buff: the mantle is conspicuously 
browner, or light brownish olive-green, and the blue of the rump &c is lighter, 
being of a rich smalt-blue hue. In short, the different colours are far more 
conspicuously contrasted and the bird much handsomer. Wine 3*30 inches 
tail 1-80, culmen 0 5L 

" Hob. Colombia (Lafresnaye collection)," 

15 . PHITT4CUrA. 243 
a Ad sko ad sk.
c Ad sk.
a, e. Ad- sk. 
_ . ? (Matin). 
Guayaquil, Ecuador (Boueard). 
Guayaquil, Ecuador. 
Guayaquil, Ecuador. 
E. Wilson, Esq. FP.l 
Saivin-Godman Colt 
Hclater Gull. 
Oapt. Kellot and 
. A , ,
f' A A ig. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk.
2- Ad. sk 
^ T , 
fu n a Waild < Ecuado1* (#w<*A*y) 
Santa Eita, Ecuador {Buckle}/). 
Babahoyo, Ecuador ( Fm&er). 
S. America. 
Lieut. Wood [I U 
Salvin-Goclmau Coll. 
Salvin-ttodman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
G. Barclay, Esq. [P.]. 

2. Psittacula conspicillata. 
Psittacula conspicillata, Lafr. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1848, p. 172; 
Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 152, n. 185; &/«/•. P.Z.tf. 
1855, p. 162; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 156; Bp. 
Naumannia, 1856, Comp. Psitt. n. 133; Somnci, loon. Perr. 
pi. xli. (tf J ) (1857); <2. J2. 6?r. £ta Pafl*. JJW*. Afiw. p. 86 
(1859) ; Selat. Cat. Am. B. p. 351, n. 2136 (1862); Fmsch, 
Papag. ii. 2, p. 603 (partim) (1*68); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 166, n. 8352 (1870); Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 88 (note); Sclat. <$• 
<Sto. NomencL Av. Neotrop. p. 115, n. 5 (1873); G&6. 7%es. Oni. 
Hi. p. 327 (1877); JScA/iw. Jour. f. Orn. 1681, p. 350 (Cows;). 
Psafr. p. 190) ; id. Voqelbild. Nachtr. 108 (1878-83); Ridgw. Pr. 
U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 536 (1887); Bartl Journ.f. Orn. 1889, p. 113. 
Psittacula cyanopis, Licht. NomencL Av. p. 71 (1854). 
Psittacula orbitula, Bchb. in Schaufuss CataL 1862 (teste Finseh, 
Papag. ii. p. 663). 
Psittaculus conspicillatus, Schleg. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 32 (18(H) ; 
id. op. cit Bevue, p. 8 (1874). 

Adult male. Above dull green, becoming bright green on forehead, 
crown, and cheeks; orbital region cobalt-bine; lower back, 
rump, edge of the wing, secondaries, base of the shorter primaries, 
primary-coverts, greater upper wing-covorts, under wing-coverts, 
and axillars rich ultramarine-blue, darker on rump; upper tail-
coverts green; lower parts dull malachite-green, with a slight 
greyish tinge on the breast; inner web of the quills bluish green ; 
tail green: bill whitish ; feet flesh-colour. Total length 4*7 inches, 
wing 3*25, tail 1-5, bill 0*5, tarsus 0-4-. 

Adult female. Green; no trace of blue anywhere; upper parts 
less dull and rather brighter green than in males; round the 
eyes and on lower back and rump bright green, inclining to emerald; 
lower parts entirely apple-green; under wing-coverts and axillars 
similar, but less yellowish; inner webs of the quills underneath 
dull bluish green. 

Young. No blue colour round the eyes; the blue on the rump 
and on the wings is mixed with green; under wing-coverts as in 
the female. 
Hab. Colombia (and Eastern Ecuador). 

«, b. Ad. sk. [Nicaragua.] E Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
c, d. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Bogota skin. Ia^Pa£te? L°-J/. 
Ad.sk Bogota (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman ColL 
"^ R2 
244 
PSTTTACTDJB. 

g. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Bogota (G. Crow- Salviu-Godman Coll. 
ther). 
h. Ad.sk. Vicinity of Bogota {Bowman), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i-o. S S &&> sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
3. Psittacula sclateri. (Plate YI.) 
Psittacula 
cyanopygia?, Set at. P.Z.S. 1857, p. k2G6 (Pio Javari 
Bates). 
Psittacala sclateri, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. p. 86 (1859) ; 
Sclat. § Sah\ P. Z. S. 1866, p. 197; Finsch, Papag. ii. 2, 

p. 060(1868); Sclat. $ Salv. P.Z.S. I860, p. 508; G.' R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 166, n. 8354 (1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 208, 
448, liii (1871); Sclat. $ Salv. NomencL Av. Keotrop. p. 115, 
n. 4 (1878) ; Sclat. # Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 301; Gieb. The*. 
Orn. iii. p. 330 (1877); Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 350 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 190) ; id. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. xxviii. f. 2 
(1878-83); Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 213, Tabl. p. 100 (1886) ; 
Ridgzu. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 535 (1887) ; RartLJour. f. Orn. 
1889, p. 113. 
Psittaculus sclateri, Schleg. Mas. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 32 (1864) ; id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 8 (1874). 
Psittacula melanorhvncha, Natt. MS., fide Finsch, Papag. ii. 2, 

p. 660 (1868). 
Adult male (type). Bark green, much darker than any other 
species of the genus; forehead and sides of the head brighter 
green; Tent and under tail-coverts paler ; breast and flanks with a 
slight olive tinge; lower back, rump, bastard-wing, greater wing-
coverts, secondaries, innermost primaries, under wing-coverts, and 
axillars deep or smalt-blue; inner webs of the quills and greater 
under wing-coverts bluish green, with no yellow edgings: tail 
green, underneath with a slight bluish tinge: upper mandible 
dusky brownish, lower mandible whitish; feet, in dried skins, 
pale brownish. Total length about 5 inches, wing 3*2, tail 1*5, 
bill 0-43, tarsus 0-36. 

Adult female. Dark green, a little brighter on the rump; forehead, 
sides of the head, and throat yellowish green, the remainder 
of the underparts lighter green than the upper parts ; under wing-
coverts bright green like the rump; greater under wing-coverts 
and quills below dusky black, with a very slight tinge of bluish 
green ; bill and feet as in the male. 

Hah. Upper Amazons, Ecuador, and Peru. 
The last specimen mentioned in the following list, smaller and 
yellower below, is doubtfully referred to the present species. 

a. Ad. sk. Rio Javari. H. W. Bates [C/J. 
(Type of species.) 
b. $ 
ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
June (Whitelij). 
c. d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e/fi9- c?$ ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru, Oct. Tweeddale Coll. 
(WMtelg). 
h, i. <$ ad. sk, Cosnipata, Peru, Sept. - H. Whitely [C.]. 

15. rsiTTACUXA. 
h l 6 S ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru, Sept., Nov. 

IT. Whitoly [0.] * 

(var.). 
>». d ad. sk. CoMiipata Valley, E. Peru 

Salvin-Godman-Coll. 

Out. (miMt/). 
n, o. cS2 ad. sk. Coanipata, Peru, Sept., Oct. delator Coll. 
1 , (Whitdi/). ' 

p. d ad. sk. Sarayacu, "Ecuador. E. Biwthll [C.]. 
q. [cfj&k. Oyapock (?) (tide J. Ver-
Purchased f. 

reaux). 

4. Psittacula passerma. 
Tui-ete, Marcgr. Hist. Bras. libr. ix. p. 206 (1648). 
Least green and blue Parraqueel, Echo. Glean, v. pi. 235, lower fi«\ 
(1758). 
Psittacula brasiliensis, uropygio cyaneo, Brim, Orn. iv. p. 384 (17<>(>), 
Psittacus pas&evinus, Linn. IS. X. i. p. 150, n. 47 (1706); <7w/. *V. xV. 

i. p. 342, n. 47 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 133, n. 150 (1700); 
&Wr, 6rV/i. Zoo/, viii. 2, p. 5oG (1811) ; JBec/ist. Kurzr Ueb. p. 8o 
(1811) ; Ffci'tf. iV. D. xxv. p. 378 (partim) (1817) ; Neuwied, lieis. 
Bras. ii. p. 341 (1821); Ila/m, Vo'f/. cms As. etc. Liefr. xui. 
t. 1 (1822); FmU Luc. Meth. iii. p. 1409 (1823); Voigt, Cuv. 
Ueb.y. 745 (1831); Neuwied, Beitr. iv. p. 260 (1832); Ifa/m, Orn. 
AtL, Pajmg. p. 19, t. 8. f. « tf, & 9 (1834); Dub. Orn Gal. pi. 60 A 
(1839); Thienem. Fortpflanz. d. ges. Vog. p. 78 (1846) j Muss, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1868, p. 213, 
Enano, Azara, Apunt. Hist. nat. Parag. i. p. 463, n. "}$8 (1803). 
Le Perroquet nam, Azara, Vog. (ed. Bonn.), p. 78 (1809). 
? Pbittaculus passerinus, Spix, AD. Bras. i. p. 38, t. 33. t'. 1 (1824) ; 


Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 32; Schley. Mm. P.-B. P.sittaci, p. 30 
(part) (1864) j id. op. cit. JRevue, p. 8 (part.) (1874). 
PPsittaculus xanthopterygius (part.), Spiv, A v. Bras. i. p. 38, t 34. 

f. 2 (nestling-) (1824). 
* Both specimens have a large yellow spot on the occiput. 
t I have not been able to identify with certainty the following species :— 
PSITTACULA MODBSTA. 

Psittacnla modesta, Cab. in Schomb. Quiaii. iii. p. 727 (1848); G. It Gr. 
List PbUt. Brit. Mas. p. 87 (1859); id. Hand-list, ii. p. 1(5(5, n. 8355 
(1877); Sal v. Ms, 1880, p. 70; mow. Pr. U. S. Kat. Mm. x. p. 547 
(1887). 

" A single specimen marked as a male, without any blue, is distinguished 
from tbe female of P. passerina by being of a somewhat larger size and 
particularly by its broader bill. Forehead and anterior part of the crown, as 
well as the whole underside, yellowish green; the green of the upperhide is 
less vivid and darker (similar to that of P. tuipara); remiges black. Bump, 
under wing-coverts, and outer margins of the primaries grass-green ; the inner 
margin of the remiges tinged with dull bluish green. Upper mandible dark 
brown ; lower mandible light. Total length 5 inches 8 lines, \\ ing 31 inches, 
tail 1 inch 8 lines, middle toe,vwithout claw, Gf lines." 

Hab. British Guiana. 

Obs. The abo\e description seems to me to apply pretty well to Phittacuta 
sclaterl, and Mr. Salvin quotes Graf von JBerlepseh's opinion as to the 
identity of P. modesta with P. sclaterl-, Mr. Bidgway has alho expressed the 
same opinion. Graf von Berlepsch, who has recently examined the typical 
specimen in the Museum of Berlin, has sent me a description of it, which 
agrees in every respect with the female of Psittacula ^vtateri. 

246 PSITTACID^]. 

Psittaculus gregarius, Spiv, Ai\ Bras. i. p. 39, t. 34. fig». 3, 4 

(1824). 

Psittacula passerinus (part.), Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 140 (1826). 

? Psittacula xanthoptervgia (part.), Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 146 

(1826) ; G. It Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 87 (pait.) (1859); id 

Hand-list, ii. p. 166, n. 8336 (1870). 

Psittacula passerina, Less. Tr. cTOrn. p. 203 (1831); Wagl. Man. 

Psitt. p. 616 (1832); Hartl. Syst Veiz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); 

G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 2 (part) (1846); Schomb. Reis. 
Guian.iii. p. 726 (1848); ? Sclat. P. Z. S. lbo4, p. 115; Lioht. 
Nomencl. A v. p. 71 (1854); Bp. lie v. et Mag. de ZooL lfeo4, p. 152, 
n. 131 (syn. emend.); S nance, Rev. et May. de ZooL 1N56, 
p. 156; Bp. Naumannia, 185(5, Consp. P>itt. n. 130; Buna. 
Syst Ueb. ii. p. 107 (185*3j : #. R. Gr. Lht Psitt Brit. Mus. 
p. 85 (1859J ; Homey, Jour. f. Orn. 1859. p. 3(31: &•&£. 0V. 
Am. B. p. 357, n. 2134 (1862); r ZO^/Y/, B. of S. Afr. p. 231 
(1867); Sclat $ Sale. P. Z. S 1M57, p. 749 (note); Finnk, 
Papag. ii. pp. 648, 666 (part.) (1868); Soma, Mus. Nac. Li^b. 
Psittaci, p. 14 (part.) (1869) ; Buss, Jour. f. Orn. 1SC9, p. 76; 
Brehm, Jour. f. Orn. 1869, p. 139; Rim, Jour. f. Om. 1870, 
p. 154; G.B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 166, n. 8349 (1&70); Pelz. 
Om. Bras. pp. 267 (part.), 448, liii (1871); Luhder,Joum.f. Orn. 
1871, p. 347; Sund. Meth. nai Av. disp. Tent p. 69 (1872); 
Stolk. Jour. f. Orn. 1872, p. 3; Sclat. § Sah. Nomencl. Av. 
Neotrop. p. 115, n. 1 (1873) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 466, 634, 
1874, p. 587; Cab. Jour. f. Orn. Ib74, p. 228; Bert. Jour. f. 
Om. 1874, p. 283; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 329 (part.) (1877); 
Rchiw. Vogelbild. t. xxviii. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 349 (Consp. Psitt p. Ib9); Forbes. Ibis, 1881, pp. 338, 
353; Satv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 462 (1882) ; Sclat List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 335 (1883); Sah. Ibis, 18b6, p. 70; Midgic. Pr. 
U.S. Arat Mus. x. pp. 538, 548 (1887); Berl. Jour. f. Orn. 1887, 
pp. 26, 122 (Paraguay); Hartl. Jour. f. Orn. 1889, p. 113; 
? Marsh. Papag. p. oe> (Barbados) (18^0). 
? Conurus xanthopterygius, part., Bourj. Perr. pi. 47. f. 2 (1837-38). 
Conurus gregarius, Bourj. Perr. pi. 49 (1837-3M. 
Conurus passerinus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 50 (lb37-38) ; ScMeg. Dierent. 


p. 81 (1864). 
Agapornis cyanopterus, Sw. {nee Bodd.) An. in Menag. p. 320 
(1838). 
Psittacula gregaria, Cab. i?i Schomb. Guian. R"is. iii. p. 727 (1848); 
Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 152, n. 132. 
Psittacula chrvsogaster, Parzud. in 31us. Brit; Finsch, Papag. ii. 

p. 654 (1868). 
? Psittacula cyanoptera, Sah. (nee Bodd.) Ibis, 1886, p. 70. 
Psittacula passerina vivida, Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 539 
(Bahia district) (1887) j Ibis, 1889. p. 128 ; Hartl. Jour. f. Orn. 
1889, p. 113. 

Adult male. Green; forehead, and sometimes all round the base 
of the bill, cheeks and underparts paler, apple-green; round the 
eyes and ear-coverts emerald-green ; lower back, rump, secondaries 
(except tertiaJs), shorter primaries, primary-coverts, bastard-wing, 
greater upper wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, and axillars rich 
nltramarine-blue, generally the greater wing-coverts lighter than 
the secondaries ; inner webs of the quills underneath bluish green ; 

15 . PSITTACULA. 247 
tail green : bill whitish; feet dusky. Total length 5 inches, wing 

8-3, tail 1*5, bill 0-5, tarsus 0-42. 

Adult female. "Without any blue whatever; above green, brighter, 

more emerald-green on rump; underparts yellowish green, some


times forehead and cheeks yellower than lower parts. 

Young male. " Similar to adult female, but with secondaries, 

shorter primaries, and innermost primary-coverts blue, the rump 

and under wing-coverts also sometimes interspersed with bright 

blue feathers." (Eidgway.) 

Eab. Brazil. 

Mr. Eidgway confines the true P. passenna to the Ceara 
District of Eastern Brazil, between Cape St. Eoque and the mouth 
of the Amazon, while he makes a subspecies (Psittacula passerina 
mvida) of the birds from the Bahia District; the latter he states to 
be darker or purer green, both above and below, with rump of the 
male rich ultramarine instead of cobalt, while the Ceara bird, 
according to Mr. Eidgway, " is light parrot-green, becoming more 
yellowish green on forehead, where, as also all round base of the bill, 
it is yellowish apple-green ; sides of head and entire lower parts 
apple-green; lower back, rump, secondaries (except tertials), 
shorter primaries, primary-coverts, alula, greater coverts, under 
wing-coverts, and axiUars uniform rich cobalt-blue." 

There is no specimen in the British Museum from the Ceara 

District, so that I am not able to test the differences pointed 

out by Mr. Eidgway; but, as a matter of fact, I can state that the 

majority of specimens from the Bahia District, which, according to 

Mr. Eidgway, ought to belong to the darker and purer green race, 

have a good deal of yellowish tinge about the forehead, cheeks, and 

lower parts. 

a. AA. st. S. America. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
e, d. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil {Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. [$ ] ad.sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll. 
/ . r? ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Sclater Coll. 
g1 h, i. Ad. sk, Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, S.E. Brazil Salvin-Goduian Coll. 
(Youth). 
i}m. <$ 2 a& s&-Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n} o. <$ 2 ad. sk. Eio Claro, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p,q. 6% ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

r, s. Ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 

Purchased. 

t. $ ad. sk. 
u. Ad.sk. (var.). Brazil. Massena Coll. 
(Type of P. chrysogaster, Parz.) 
i\ Skeleton. 

5. Psittacula crassirostris. 
? Psittacula conspicillata, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. 2, pp. 664, 665 
(RioNapo) (1868). 
Pbittacula passerina, Sclat. $ Salt), (nee Linn.) P. £> o. lo/o, p. «*ui 

248 
PSITTAC1DJ3. 

(Nauta, E. Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 415: id. Orn. Per. iii. 

p. 212, Tabl. p. 100 (1886)*. 
Psittacula crassirostris, 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 72 (Yuriniapruas, E. 
Peru); Bchnw. u. Schal Jonm.f. Orn. 1885, p. 4C0; Tacz. Om, 
Pir. iii. p. 215, Tabl. p. 100 (1886) ; Pidgw. Pr. U.S. Xat. Jlus. 

x. p. 534 (1887); Hartl Joum.f. Orn. 18&9, p. 113. 
Adult male. Yery much like the male of P. jposserina from Bahia 
District, but smaller, darker and purer green • foiehead and cheeks 
brighter or emerald-green; ultramarine-blue colour on the rump, 
and wings a shade paler ; bill thicker and more robust: 4* irides 
yellow " (llaiLvwell) ; bill whitish ; feet dubky iie>h-colour. Total 
length about 5 inches, wing 3*1, tail 1*4, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*41. 

Young (t}pe of P. crassirostris). Differs from the adult in having 
the rump green (a little brighter than the rest of the upper parts I, 
and the under wing-coverts also green; a few blue feathers scattered 
along the carpal edge, only one feather of the bastard-** ing 
blue, and the outermost greater wing-covertb green. 
Hah. Peruvian Amazons. 

Through the kindness of Dr. Stolzmann, I have been able to 
examine the type of P. crassirostris, and rind that it has nothing 
whatever to do with P. yuianensis, with which it has been coin-
pared by Taczanowski. It is an immature bird, as shown by a 
few blue feathers along the carpal edge, scattered among the green 
ones; it has the primary-coverts, the inner primaries, and the 
secondaries blue, exactly like P. passerina, the rump of a brighter 
green than the rest of the upper parts, and the under wing-coverts 
green. I feel pretty sure that its rump and under wing-coverts 
would have become blue, as in the adult specimens from Xauta and 
Samiria, mentioned below, if the bird had lived. 

a. $ ad. &k. Nauta, Jan. E. Bate**, E-q. T.". 
b, c. <$ ad. sk. Samiria, October (J. IlauxSalvin-
Godmaii Cull. 
well). 

G. Psittacula flavescens. 
Psittacula 
cyanopygia, G. P. Gr. (nee Soiumct), List Psift. Brit. 
Mtis. p. 86 (Bolivia) (1850); id. Ilaud-list, ii. p. 100, n. fc3-i3 
(1870). 

Adult male. Yery much like the male of P. pmserhuL but the 
green colour all over paler andmoie \elIowish ; forehead, cheeks, 
and underparts distinctly yellowish green ; blue colour of the rump 
and wings paler. Total length 5*8 inches, -« ing 8*4, tail 1-5, bill 
0*5, tarsus 0*4. 

Hah. Bolivia. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [Cr. (Type of species.) 
* Taczanowski wrongly mentionb the locality Rio Javad instead of Kiuta. 
15 . PSITTACULA. 
249 

7. Psittacula eyaiiopygia. 
Psittacula eyanopygia, Souance, MS. j Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1854, p. 152, H. 136 (clescr. nulla) j SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool. IS06, p, 157; By, Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 134; 
Souance, Icon. Pen: pi. 42 (^ $ j (1851); i^zscA, -4£/i. w«£. r<?>% 
.#m;&. 1870, p. 353 (Tres Marias); Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 100; Laior. 
Pr. Bost Soc. N. H xiv. pp. 270, 271 (1871)*, Salv. Ibis, 1873, 
p, 353; Sclai. ty Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 115, n. 3 (1873); 
Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 540 (1887); Hartl Jour. f. 
Orn. 1889, p. 113. 
Pssittacula cyanopyga, Finsch, Papag. ii. 2, p. 662 (1868); Salv. Ibis, 
1871, pp. 87, lOl (partim); Later. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. 
pt. 3, p. 297 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 327 (1877) ; Rchmv. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 350 (Oomp. Psitt. p. 190) ; id. Vogelbild. 
in the text of pi. xxviii. f. 2 (1878-83); Ridgw. Man. N. Am. 
Birds, p. 269 (note) (1887); Salv. $ Godm. Ibis, 1889, p. 242. 
Pbittacultis cyanopygius, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, p. 33 (1864) ; 
id. op. cit. Revue, y. 9 (1874). 
Psittacula insularis, Ridipv. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 541 (Tres 
Marias) (1887); id. Ibis, 1889, p. 128; Hartl. Journ.f. Orn. 
1886, p. 113. 
Psittacula cyanopyga pallida, Pretest Auk, vi. p. 85 (1889) (Sonora, 
Mexico). 
Adult male. Light green; forehead, sides of the head, and underpays 
paler ; lower back, rump, under wing-coverts, and axillars 
turquoise-blue ; primary-coverts, secondaries, and base of the shorter 
primaries deeper blue ; edge of the wing green; inner web of the 
quills underneath and greater under wing-coverts bluish green, 
narrowly edged with yellowish ; upper tail-coverts and tail green; 
tail-feathers edged with yellow on the inner webs : " bill pale dull 
yellowish, the basal half greyish horn-colour (wholly dull whitish 
in life); feet dusky (whitish or flesh-coloured in life ?) " (Ridgway). 
Total length about 5 inches, wing 3*4, tail 1*6, bill 0*5, tarsus 0#45. 
Adult female. Green; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
lighter but brighter; forehead, sides of the head, and underparts 
yellowish green; quills (except tei tials) darker green than coverts: 
no blue whatever. 
Young male. Similar to the adult male, but blue of rump mixed 
with green feathers ; primary-coverts green, with bluish along the 
median line, and the under wing-coverts and axillars mixed green 
and turquoise-blue. 
Hah. Western Mexico, and Tres Marias Islands. 
I have united to P. eyanopygia both P. insularis and P. cyanopyga 
pallida. Of the first there are in the British Museum three 
specimens from Tres Marias Islands, which are a little darker, but 
not larger, as stated by Mr. Eidgway, than the Mexican birds. 
OHhe second, which is from Sonora, Mexico, two specimens are 
mentioned below; they only differ from typical P. eyanopygia in 
having a bluish tinge, probably connected with the abraded condition 
of the feathers ; the bill is not stouter, the green colour of 
the upper parts has no ashy tinge, and the lovver parts are neither 
lighter nor yellower than in typical P. eyanopygia. 

250 
PSITTACIDJS. 

a, b. Ad. sk. [Bolivia.] 
MassenaColl. (Types 

of species.) 
Cjd. c5*$ ad.sk. Presidio, Mexico, Dec. (Forrer). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
e}f. $ ad. sk. Sierra de Alamos, Sonora, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Mexico, May (Lloyd). 
9* Jad.sk. Bay of Manzanillo, W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Fob. (Xantlms). 

h. Ad. sk. Tres Marias Is. (Grayson). Sclater Coll. 
t. &. <$ g ad. sk. Tres Marias Is., Feb., April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Forrer). 
8. Psittacula spengeli. 
Pbittncula 
cyanoptera, Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phil. vii. p. 137 
(1800) (Cartagena) (nee Psittacus cyanopterus, Bodd.). 
Psittacula spengeli, Hartl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 614 (Baranquilla); id. 
Ibis, 1888, p. 493; Ridgw. Auk, v. p. 461 (1888) • Bartl. Journ. 

f. Orn. 1889, p. 113. 
Psittacula spengleri (errore), Hartl. P. Z. S. 1885, pi. 38. f. 1. 
Psittacula exquisita, Riclyw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 542 (1887) 
(Oartigena); Hartl. Ibis, 1888, p. 493 (= spengeli, Hartl.)-, 
Ridqiv. Auk, v. pp. 461, 462 (1888); Hartl Journ. f. Orn. 1889, 

p. 113. 
Adult male. Green, slightly tinged with greyish on the nape ; 
forehead and sides of the head bright green ; lower back, rump, 
and greater wing-coverts pale turquoise-blue• upper tail-coverts 
and underparts green, the concealed part of the feathers yellowish ; 
innermost primary-coverts dark blue ; quills green, the secondaries 
with a slight bluish tinge, and edged with lighter green; inner 
wrcbs of the quills underneath greenish, narrowly edged with 
yellowish ; edge of the wing bluish green, central portion of lining 
of wings deep blue : axillars turquoise-blue, the longer ones tipped 
with deep blue; tail green, the inner webs of the feathers yellow : 
bill whitish ; feet flesh-colour. Total length 4*8 inches, wing 3*2, 
tail 1*7, bill 0*5, tarsus 0-45. 

Adult female. Green ; "lower back and rump vivid Paris-green ; 
greater wing-coverts light grass-green, edged with light Paris-
green ; primary-coverts and secondaries deep grass-green, edged 
with paler; forehead gamboge-yellow, and under wing-coverts, with 
axillars, entirely light Paris-green. Otherwise much like the male. 
Length (skin) about 5 inches, wing 3*20, tail 1*95, culmen 0*45, 
tarsus 0*40." (Ridyway.) 

Hub. Atlantic coast of Colombia, Baranquilla, Cartagena, and 
Panama (?). 

There is some doubt about the locality of the specimen mentioned 
bolow. 

a. tf ad. sk. Panama (?) (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll. 
15 . PSITTACULA. 
S?51 
9. Psittacula guiauensis. 
? Petite Perruclie du Cap de Bonne Espeninco, DAubent, PL EnL 

455. f. 1. v 
? Psittacus capensis, ilf«//. & N. Suppl. p. 80 (17G7); Gm. 8. N. i. 
p. 350, n. 133 (1788); Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 132, n. 153 (1700); 
Shaw, Nat Misc. pi. 803 (1800) ; A7/<w*, #<M. i&o/. viii. 2, p. 5o(5 
(1811); Beahst. Kurse Ueb. p. 84 (1811); J7«tf. iV. J>. xxv. 
p. 372 (1817); id. Enc. MM. iii. p. 1404 (1823); Cass. Pr. Ac. 
Nat. 8c. Philad, 1804, p. 240 j Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. 
p. 540(1887). 
?L a Perruclie aux ailes bleues, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 173 
(1770). 
? Blue-winged Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. 1, p. 317, n. 124 (1781); id. 
Gen. Hist. ii. p. 273, var. A (1822). 
f Psittacus cyanopterus, Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl. p. 27 (nee p. 0) 
(1783). / r 
Pbittacub pa&serinua, part., Kuhl, Consp. Pbitt. p. 58 (1820). 
F Psittacus fet. thoinse, Kuhl (nee Mull.), Con^p. Psitt. p. 58 (1820); 

llidgw. Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus. x. p. 546 (1887). 

Psittacula 
pa&serina, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 610 (1832); Bp. 
Consp. AD. i. p. 0 (part.) (1850); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. (348 (part.) 
(1808) ; id. (nee Linn.) P. Z. 8 1870, p. 580: Gieb. Thes. Orn. 

iii. p. 329 (1877). 
Agapornis guianen&is, 8w. Atiim. in Me nag. p. 320 (1837) (Dernerara). 
? Psittacula viridissima, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 172 (Caracas) ; 
Bp. Ren. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, n. 132. 
Psittacula guianensis, 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 156; 
Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 131; 8ouan.ee, Leon. Perr. 
pi. xxxix. (<$ $ ) (1857); 8elat. # 8alu. P. Z.8. 1868, p. 169; 
Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 543 (1887) ; id. Auk, 1888, 

p. 462; LLartl. Journ.f. Orn. 1889, p. 113. 
Psittacula cyanoptera, 
G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 86 (1859) ; 
Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 357, n. 2135 (1860); Tayl. Ibis, 1864, 

p. 94; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 554; G. R. Gr. Maud-list, ii. 
p. 166, n. 8350 (1870); ? Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 382 JOolombia); 
Sclat. 8f Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 115, n. 2 (1873); 8ah\ # 
Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 176; Rehnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 340 
(syn. emend.) (Consp. Psitt. p. 189); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. 
p 463 (1882); Rehnw. Vogelbild. Nacshtr. 106 (1883). 
Pbittaculus 
sancti thoinse, part, ScMeg. Mus. p. 31, n. 1, 2 (Forte de 
Rio Brancho), p. 32, n. 4 (1864). 
Psittacula cyanochlora, Natt. Cat. MS.; Sohleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 

p. 
31 (in sign. Psitt. sancti thorns) (18(34); Finsch, Papag. ii. 
p. 
649 (in syn. P. passerine) (1868) ; Rartl. P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 615, pi. xxxviii. f. 2 (Kio Branclio); id. Ibis, 1888, p. 493; 
Ridgw. Auk, v. pp. 461, 462 (1888). 
Psittacula pabserina, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 649 (mas jun. et in 
trans.) (1868). 
Psittacula st. tkomae, part., Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 14 (?) 
(1869); G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 166, n. 8357 (1870). 
Psittaculus passerinus, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 

p. 8 (1874). 
Psittacula 
deliciosa, Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mas. x. p. 529 (1887) ; 
Hartl. Ibis, 1888, p. 493 (=cyanochlora, Natt.); Ridgw. Auk, v. 
pp. 461, 462 (1888). 

252 PSITTACIDJ3. 

Adult male. Green; hind neck duller and tinged with greyish; 

forehead, sides of the head, lower back, and rump emerald-green ; 

lower hack and rump in some specimens shaded with blue; upper 

tail-coverts and lower parts yellowish green; greater upper wing-

coverts green, with the tips and outer edges emerald-green, the 

foremost ones, in very old birds (?), tinged with light cobalt-blue ; 

primary-coverts green, the innermost deep blue; quills green, with 

lighter edges on the outer webs, and with the inner webs under


neath greenish ; metacarpal edge bluish green ; under wing-coverts 

deep blue, some tipped or edged with bluish green; asillars bluish 

green, tipped with deep blue; tail green, with the inner webs of 

the feathers yellow: bill whitish; feet flesh - colour; u irides 

brown " (A. A. Simons). Total length about 5-5 inches, wing 3*1


33 , tail 1-5, bill 0-53, tarsus 0-45. 

Adult female. Green ; rump brighter; forehead, sides of the 

head, and lower parts yellowish green; inner webs of the quills 

underneath greenish. 

Ilab. Guiana (?), Venezuela, Trinidad Island, Colombia, and 

Amazons Valley from Eio Erancho to Diamantina Creek and 

Santarem. 

The series of specimens examined, including the type of Psitta


mla cyanocldora, Natt.*, shows a great amount of individual 

variation, probably according to age. In one specimen from 

Colombia the rump is shaded with blue. The foremost greater 

upper wing-coverts, which are generally green, show in some speci


mens, and particularly in one old male from Yilladupar, a fine 

cobalt-blue tinge; the deep blue colour on the under wing-coverts, 

which in the type of P. cyanooldora leaves only the feathers on the 

margin of the wing green or bluish green, is similarly diffused 

in the specimen from Yilladupar, already mentioned, w hile in the 

majority of the specimens it is confined to the innermost under 

wing-coverts. 

I have not seen specimens from Guiana, which require comparison. 


a, b. <$ ad. sk. Yilladupar, U.S.C., June iSalvm-Godrnan Coll. 

(Simons), 
e, d. $ 2 a(h sk- Valencia, U.S.C., May (Simons). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
eKf. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Mr. Dyson [C.]. 
g." d ad. sk, Curupano, Venezuela, Dec. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 

(Goering). 

h. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll. 
i, k, I. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. 
p~s. c? ? ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased. 
* I have to thank Dr. Schauinsland, Director of the Museum of Bremen, 
for the loan of this valuable specimen. 
16 . 
BK0T0GERY8. 253 
16. BB0TOGERTS. 
Type. 
Brotogeris, Vig. ZooL Jour. ii. p. 400 (1825) B. pyrrliopterus. 
Brotogervs, Ac/ass. Nomencl. ZooL Ind. Univ. p. 54 

(1846): 
Tirica, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 151 B. tinea. 
Pbittovius, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 151. . B. jugularLs. 
Torpus, part, Boie, 1858 (G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 


p. 150, 1870). 
Sittace, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150 (1870) ... . B. tuipara. 
Range, From Central America to Brazil, Peru, a.nd Bolivia. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Tail longer, as long as the wings, or nearly so; 
no distinct spot on the chin. 
a1. No yellow patch on the wing; the greater 
wing-coverts green tirica, p. 254. 
b'. A yellow patch on the wing, the greater 
upper wing-coverts being yellow. 
a". Quills green eldriri, p. 255. 
b". Inner primaries yellowish white; secon


daries brighter yellow 
virescens, p. 257. 

b. 
Tail shorter, about two-thirds of the wh>gs. 
c'. No yellow patch on the sinciput; bill rather 
long. 
c". Cheeks light grey; pileum bluish, contrasting 
with tne rest of the upper 
parts ; under wing-coverts bright orange; 
no distinct spot on the chin pyrrhopteritSj p. 258. 

d". Cheeks green; an orange or brown spot 
on the chin. 
a'". Primary-coverts blue. 
a41. Upper wing-coverts tinged with 
brown; under wing-coverts yellow. jugidaris, p. 259. 
b%. Upper wing-coverts green, with no 
brown tinge. 
a5. Bend of the wing and carpal edge 
green devillei, p. 261. 
b5. Bend of the wing and carpal edge 
yellow gustavi, p. 262. 
b'"> Primary-coverts orange or yellow. 

c1. Primary-coverts orange. 
c5. Forehead orange tuipara, p. 262. 
d5. Forehead brown chrysojjterus, p. 263. 

dh. Primary-coverts yellow ohrysosema, p. 265. 
d'. A yellow patch on the sinciput; no distinct 
spot on the chin; bill rather short .. tui *, p. 265. 

* As I am acquainted with the following species only from the description, 
I have not been able to include it in the key:— 
BROTOGERYS FERRUGINEIFRONS, Lawr. 

Brotogerys ferrugineifrons, Lawr. Ibis, 1880, p. 238 ; Salv. $ Sclat ihid.; 

254 
PSITTACIDJG. 

1. Brotogerys tirica. 
Tui tirica, tertia species, Marcgr. Hist Bras. libr, ix. p. 200 (1648). 
Psittacula brasiliensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 382 (1760J. 
LB Tirica, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 281 (1779). 
Green ParralJeet, Bath. Gen. Sign, i. p. 820 (1781); id. Gen. Hist h. 


p. 276(1822). 
Psittactis tiriacula, part., Bvdd. Tall PL Enl p. 51 (1783). 
Psittacus tirica, Gm. 8.'N. i. p. 351, n. 137 (syn. emend.) (1788) ; 
(?)Lath. ~ ' ' "" ~" '™~ ~ ~ " * 

viii. 2, 
? Psittacu 
Psittacus viridissimus, Temm. et Kuhl, MS.; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. 

p. 25 (1820); Nemvied, Beitr. iv. p. 198 (1832); Hahn, Orn. Atl 
p. 29,1.15 (1834). 
? Prasine Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 187 (1822). 
Aratinga acutirostris, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 32, t. xv. f. 1 (1824) ; 
Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 136 (1820); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 22. 
? Aratinga viridissimus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 136 (1826). 
Sittace tirica, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 637 (1832) ; Hartl Syst. Verz. 

Ges. Mm. p. 85 (1844). 
Conurus tiriacula, G. B. Gr. {nee Bodd.) Gen. B. ii. p. 414. n. 27 
(syn. emend.) (1845); Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 727 (1848) ,* 

G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus.j). 45 (syn. emend.) (1859); Sclat. 
Cat Am. B. p. 351, n. 2094 (syn. emend.) (1862); Schleg. Mas. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 14 (1864); id. op. eit. Revue, p. 4 (1874); 
Rchw. Vogelbild. t. xvii. f. 6 (1878-83). 
Conurus viridissimus, Licht Nomencl. Av. p. 72 (1854); JBurm. Syst. 

Ueb. iii. p. 172 (1856). 
Conurus rufirostris, Licht (nee Gm.) Nomencl Av, p. 72 (1854). 
Tirica rufirostris, Bp. (nee Gm.) Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151f 

n. 68; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 10 (1869). 
Tirica brasilienbis, SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 64. 
Tirica viridissima, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 57 (syn. 
emend.). 

Brotogerys tirica, 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 80 (1868); Pelz. Orn. Bras. 
pp. 250, 447, liii (1871); Gieh. Thes. 0m. i. p. 482 (1872); Sund. 
Meth. nat.Av. disp. Tent. p. 70 (1872) ; Meyer, Abb. v. Vogel-Skel. 

t. iii. (1879). 
Tirica tiriacula, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8155 (syn. emend.) 
(1870). 
Brotogerys 
tiriacula, Hamilt Ibis, 1871, p. 308; Sclat. <§* Salv. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 1 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 

Rchnw. ii. Schal. Jmr%. f. Orn. 1880, p. 209; Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 343 (Consp. Psitt. p. 183); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 99 (1883). 

"Front marked narrowly witb bright ferruginous; the chin and the feathers 
adjoining the sides of the bill are of a dull light ochreous-red ; upper plumage 
of a dark glossy green, brighter on the upper tail-coverts ; tail-feathers of a 
rather lighter green than the back, with reddish-brown shafts; outer webs of 
quills green, the inner black; under wing-coverts dark green ,* inner edges 
of quills of a dull light bluish green ; under plumage light green, with a 
yellowish tinge, and on the throat a wash of ochreous; bill dark horn-colour (?) ; 
feet yellowish brown. Length 8 inches, wing 4*75, tail 3*5. 

" Hab. New Granada, Bogota." (Lawrence.) 

16 . BEOTOGffiRYS. 
255 

1873, pp. 466, 534, 1874, p. 587; Cab. Jour. f. Orn. 1874, p. 228 ; 
BerL Jour. f. Orn. 1874, p. 283; Salv. Cat. B. StrickL Coll. 

p. 469 (1882); Sclcd. List Vert. An. 8th. ed. p. 352 (1883): Salv. 
Ibis, 1886, p. 68. 
Brotogerys viridissima, JRchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 341 (Consp. 
Bsitt. p. 181). 

Adult. Green; forehead, sides of the head, and underparts lighter 
yellowish green ; primary-coverts and primaries blue, with narrow 
green edges on the outer webs ; a slight olivo-brown tinge on the 
smaller upper wing-coverts ; smaller under wing-coverts greenish 
yellow, greater under wing-coverts and basal half of the inner webs 
of the quills below bluish green : tail above green, the two central 
feathers slightly tinged with blue, the remainder with narrow 
yellow edges on the iuner webs: " bill reddish flesh-colour; cere 
whitish; feet brownish flesh-colour; iris brown-grey" (Max.). 
Total length 10 inches, wing 5, tail 5, bill 07 , tarsus 0*5. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. More greyish green; quills green, with no blue colour. 
(Burmeister). 
Hab. Eastern Brazil, and also (according to Schomburgk) British 
Guiana. I have never seen a specimen from the latter country. 

«, b, Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
c, d. Ad, sk Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
A. Ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil (Wuchere 
Santa F6, Minas {Roge 
Rio, Brazil.
r).
rs). 
Salvin-Godraan Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
i. $ ad. sk.
k. $ ad, sk. 
Bio Claro, Prov. Goyaz,
Brazil (Joyner). 
Pelotas, Bio Grande do 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. Skeleton. 
Sul, Brazil (Joyner), 

2. Brotogerys chiriri. 
Maracana ala amarilla, Azara, Apmit, Hist. Nat. Barag. i. p. 434, 

no. 283 (1803). 
Maracana aux ailes jaunes, Azara, Voy. (ed. Sonn.) iii. p. 68 (1800). 
Psittacus chiriri, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 359 (1817); id. Enc, Meth. iii. 

p. 1394 (1823). 
Aratinga 
xanthopterus, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 31, t. xv. f. 2 (1824); 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 135 (1826); Brekm, Mon. d. Bapag. 

t. 23, 
? Psittaculus xanthopterygius, Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 38, t. xxxiv. f. 1 
(nee fig. 2) (nestling) (1824) ; Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 748 (1831) ; 
Brehm, Mon. d. Bapag. t. 33. 

? Psittacula xanthopterygia, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 146 (1826) ; 

G. R. Gr. List Bsitt. Brit. Mus. p. 87 (1859). 
Sittace xanthoptera, Wagl. Mon. Bsitt. p. 635 (1832), 
Psittacus virescens, Hahn (nee Gm.), Orn. At I., Bapag. t. 50 (nee 
text, p. 70) (1836). 
Psittacara xanthoptera, Bourj. Berr. pi, 23 (1837-38). 

250 
PSTTTACID-E. 

? Conurus xanthopterins, Bourj. Pen. pi, 47. f. 1 (male) (1837-38). 

Conurus xanthopterin, G. It Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 29 (1845) ; 
Burm. St/at Ueb. ii. p. 174 (1850) ; G. It Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 45 (1859) ; Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 351, n. 2Q96 (1802); 
Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. IVien, 1865, p. 923 (var.); Sclat. § Salv. 
P, Z. S. 1800, p. 107. 

Conurus vimscens, llartl (nee Gm.) Ilartl. hid. Azar. Apunt. p. 18 
(1847). 

Tirica xantlioptera, Bp. Per. ei Mag. de Zool, 1854, p. 151, n. 70 ; 
Souance, Be v. et May. de Zool. 18515, p. 04; Bp. Xaumannia, 1856, 
Consp. Pbitt. n. 5o'; G. P. Gr. Hand-lid, ii. p. 150, n. 8157 
(1870). 

Brotogerys xanthopterin, Sclat. §• Salv. P. Z. S. LS67, p. 979, 1873, 

p. SCO-" Sclat. Lid Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 353 (1883). 
Brotogervs 
xantlioptera, Finsch, Papag. ii. pp. 92, 949 (186S) ; 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 260, 447, liii (1871) ; Sclat. £ Salv. Nomend. 
Av. Keotrop. p. 113, n. 2 (1873); Mchmo. Voyelbild. t. xxviii. 

f. 
7 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 342 (Canty. Psitf. 
p. 182) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 46; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. 
p. 470 (1882) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 207, Tabl. p. 99 (188(5) ; 
Bed. Journ. f. Orn. 1887, pp.20, 122; Allen, Bull. Am. Mm. 
Nat Hid. i. p. 104(1889). 
Brotogerys chiriri, Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 1887, p. 26. 

Adult male. Green, lighter on the underparts ; bastard-wing anil 
outermost greater wing-coverts yellow; primary-coverts deep blue; 
quills green ; smaller under wing-coverts green; greater under 
wing-coverts and inner webs of the primaries below verditer-blue; 
tail green, with a bluish tinge below in some lights : bill pale hornflesh-
colour ; feet flesh-colour. Total length 9*5 inches, wing 4'9, 
tail 4*5, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*45. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. The green colour duller, as is also the yellow patch on 
the greater wing-coverts (Finseli). 
Hab. South-eastern Brazil, Matto Grosso, Bolivia, Upper Amazons, 
and Eastern Peru. 
Specimens from Matto Grosso are decidedly smaller than those 
from Bahia and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk, 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
f. <$ ad. sk. 
g. h. S $ ad. sk. 
i} 7c. cS ad. et $ 
hum. sk. 
I. S inim. sk. 
Bahia ( WucJwrer). 
Bolivia. 
Bolivia (Bridges). 
Cuyaba, Matto Grosso,Brazil, 
Dec. (HI H. Smith). 
Corumbo, Matto Grosso, 
'Emzi\,llm.{H.H.Smith). 
Chapada, Matto Grosso', 
Bmzil^hytE.lI.Smith). 
Cachoeira, Matto Grosso, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
T. Bridges [0.]. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Bmzil^eh^II.If.Smith). 

10 . BTtOrOGFRYS. 
257 

3. Brotogerys virescens. 
Psittaca cayanensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 334, pi. xxvii. f. 2 (1700). 
Petite Perruche verte de Cayenne, DmtbenL Pi Mil. 359. 
Psittacus versicolurus (!), Midi S. N. Suppl p. 7r>, 0 2(1770); Ctm. 


Pr. Ao. Philad. 1804, p. 239. ^ ' 
Perriche a ailes varices, J5?//. JJTM*. Nat. Oh. vi. p. 259 (1779). 
lellow-winged Parrakeet, Lath. Si/n. i. p. 244, n. 43 (1781): id 

Gen. Hist ii. p. 167 (1822). * 

Psittacus virescens, Gm. S. N. i. p. 320, n. 77 (1788); Lath. Intl. 
Orn. i. p. 100, n. 51 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 458 
(1811); Bechht Kurze Ueb. p. 59 (1811-12); Vieill. K. D. xxv 

Perruche 
Aratinga virescens, Sph\ Ar. Bras, i p. 37 (1824); Rtsph. Gen. 
Zool. xiv. p. 139 (1820); Brehm, Mon. d. Papnq. t. 31 (1852). 
Comiras virescens, Less. Tr. a* Orn. p. 212 (1831); G. R. Gr. (ten. 

B. ii. p. 414, n. 28 (1845); Burm. Syst Ueb. ii. p. 173 (185(5); 
G. R Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. p. 45 (1859): Sclat. Cat. Am. B. 
p. 351, n. 2095 (1802). 
Sittace virescens, JVagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 036 (1832). 
Tirica virescens, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 69; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. 04 ; Bp. Naumamiia,l>?>(\ 
Consp. Psitt. n. 58; Sousa, Mm. Nac. Lzsboa. P&ittaci, p. 10 
(1809). 

Psittaculus virescens, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 27 (1804); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 7 (1874). 

Brotogerys 
virescens, Sclat fy Sah P. Z. S. 1807, p. 588; Finsch, 
Papag. ii. pp. 94, 949 (1868); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 200, 447, 
liii (1871); Gieh. Thes. Orn. i. p. 483 (1872); Sclat # SalP. 
Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 3 (1873); Peh. Ibis, 187.% 

p. 117; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 460, 634, 1874, p. 387; Rchnw. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 342 (Consp. Psitt p. 182); id Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 98 (1883); Sclat. List Vert An. 8tk ed. p. 353 (1883; ; 
Tacz. Orn. Pir. iii. p. 200, Tabl. p. 99 (1880). 
Tirica versicolurus, G. R. Gr. Iland4ist, ii. p. 150, n. 8150 (1870). 

Adult male. Dark green; forehead, lores, and upper parts of the 
cheeks with a bluish grey tinge; primary-coverts blue, first primary 
black, tipped and edged with blue on the outer web; next three 
primaries dull blue, edged with green on tho outer webs \ the remaining 
primaries and the bastard-wing white; secondaries white 
tinged with yellow ; greater wing-coverts yellow; smaller under 
wing-coverts green, the greater ones and the inner wrcbs of the first 
four primaries below bluish green : " tail above green, below^bluish 

green; bill, cere, and feet pale horn-yellowish ; iris brown " (Finscli). 

Total length 8*8 inches, wing 4*8, tail 4-2, bill 0*6, tarsus 0-5. 
Female. Like the male. 
Young. The white primaries are loss in number and have green 

tips; the yellow greater wing-coverts are edged with green. 
Hah. The Amazon Yalley from Para to the Peruvian Andes. 
Schlegel states that the specimens in the Le\dcn Museum are 


VOL. XX. 
ta 

PSITTACIDJE. 

from Guiana, but no recent collector has found this species in that 
country. 
R.Graham,Esq. [P.] . 

a, h. Ad. 8k. 
Para. 

Para (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk, Mexiana, Lower Amazons, Sclater Coll. 
Nov. (Wallace). 
e. f. Ad. sk. 
Yquitos, Upper Amazons Sclater Coll. 
(H. WMtely). 
g, h, i. S ? ad. Yquitos, Upper Amazons, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
et 
<S imm. sk. April, Aug., & Sept. (H. 
WhiU' *


Yliiiely). 

k. 
§ imm. sk. Pebas, E. Peru April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Hauvioett), 
I. Skeleton. 
S. America. 
4. Brotogerys pyrrhopterus. 
Orange-winged Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 90, n. 16 (1802); 
id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 193 (1822). 

Psittacus pyrrhopterus, 
Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. ii. p. xxii (1802); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 470 (1811); Vieill N. B. xxv. p. :J00 
(1817) ; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 94 (1820); Vieill Erie. MSfh. iii. 

p. 1395 (1823); Vig. Zool. Journ. i. p. 535, pi. iv. Suppl. (1825) ; 
G. P. Gr. List B. Trop. Lsl p. 31 (1859). 
Brotogeris pyrrhopterus, 
Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 400 (1825); Steph. 
Gen. Zool xiv. p. 133 (1826); Less. Man. dJOm. ii. p. 148 (1828); 
Sio. Class. B. ii. p. 303 (1837) ; Bp. Bev. et May. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 151, n. 75; Souanee, Bev. et May. de Zool. 1856, p. 152 ; Bp. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 59. 
Comirrrsr gnseocepEaltis, Less. Tr.d'Om. p. 214(1831) ; Pucher. JRei\ 
et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 159 ; Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 422. 
Trichoglossus pyrrhopterus, 
Wayl. Mon. Psitt. p. 547 (1832) ; Selby, 
Nat. Libr., Parr. p. 159, pi. xxii. (1836); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 411, n. 10 (1846); Hartl. Wiegm. Arch. 1852, i. p. 133, 
Psittacula griseifrons, Bourj. Perr. pi. 86 (1837-38). 
Oonurus pyrrliopterus, G. A. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 46 (1859). 
Brotogerys pyrrliopterus, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 287; id. Cat. Am. 
B. p. 351, n. 2097 (1862); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8154 
(1870); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th 
ed. p. S5S (1883). 
Brotogerys 
pyrrhoptera, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 95 (1868) ; Gteb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 482 (1872) ; Sclat. $ Sah. Nomenel. At). JSFeotrop. 

p. 113, n. 4 (1873); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 329, 333; JPelz. 
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1878, p. 16; Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 342 {Consp. Psitt. p. 182); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 97 (1883); 
Berl. $ Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 573, 1885, p. 109: Tacz. Orn. JPSr. 
iii. p. 205, Tabl. p. 99 (1886). 
Adult. Green, lighter yellowish green on the underparts; pileum 
bluish green, greyish on the forehead; sides of the head and chin 
grey; upper wing-coverts with a slight brown tinge; primary-
coverts blue; quills green, with a slight bluish tinge on the primaries 
\ smaller under wing-coverts orange; greater nnder wing-
coverts and inner webs of the quills below verditer-green ; tail 
green, the inner webs of the feathers with narrow yellow edges : 

10. BKOTOGEErS. 
2*jf 
cwl>ili? feet, and cere pale flesh-colour; iris brown" (Fitisch). 

Total length about 8 inches, wing 4-8, tail 3*3, bill 0*7, tarsus 042. 
Female. like the male. 
Hah. Western Ecuador and ^North-western Peru. 

a, k Ad. sk. Guayaquil. 
Zoological Soc. Coll. 

c. 
Ad. st. Guayaquil, July (Capt. Zoological Sue. Coll. 
Belcher). 
d. 
Ad. st. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fru- Sclater Coll. 
ser). " 
eff. Ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Buclcley). 

g. Skeleton. Guayaquil 
5. Brotogerys jugnlaris. 
Pfeittacula gutture luteo, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 39(5, t. xxx. f. 3 (17(50). 

Petite Permche a gorge jaune d'Anienque, Daubent. PL Enl. 190. 

Petite Perruche, appel^e petite ]aseuse, Daubent. PI Enl. 837. 

Psittacub jujrularis Mull. 8. X. Suppl. p. 80, D. 05 (1776) (&r PL 

Enl. 100. f. 1); COM. Pr. Ac. Philad. 1804, p. "240. 
Le Toui a Grorge piune, Buff. Hist. Xat. Ois. vi. p. 280 (1779). 
Tirica, part, Bvff. Hi*t. Xat. Ois. vi. p. 281 (1879). 
Yelkrv-throated Parrateet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 319, n. 128 (1781) ; id. 

Gen. Hist. ii. p. 275 (1H22). 
I'Mttacus flavitfula, Bodd. Tail. PL Enl. p. 12 (1783) (ex PL Enl. 

100. f. 1). 
Psittacus firiacula, Bodd. Tall. PL Enl. p. 51 {syn. emend.) (1783) 
(exPLEnl.S?Jl). 
Psittacus tovi, Gm. S. X. i. p. 351, n. 130 (1788); Bechst. Kurze 
Ueh. p. 86 (1811-12). 
Psittacus toui, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 134, n. 157 (1790): ? Shaw, 
Gen. ZooL viii. % p. 546 (1811); TleilL N. D. xxv. p. 379 (1817) ; 
id. Enc.Meth. iii. p. 1416 (1823). 

Psittacus tirica, Kuhl 
(nee Gm.), Consp. Psitt p. 95 (1820) (ex PL 

Enl. 837). 
Psittacula tovi, Wagl. Hon. Psitt. p. 624 (1832). 
Conurus tovi gutture luteo, Bourj. Perr. pi. 48 (1837-38). 
Psittacus (Ca'ica) clirysopogon, Less. Rev. ZooL 1842, p. 135. 
Caica chrysopogon, Less. I)e$a\ Mamm. et Ois. p. 197 (1847). 
Psittovius tovi, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 151, n. 715 Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1855, p. 162 ; Souance, Bev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 64; 
Bp. Xaumannia, 1856, Comp. Psitt. n. 73; Sclat. Ibis, I860, 
p. 44; Taifl. Ibis, 1863, p. 121; Laiar. Ann. Lijc. X. Y. vii. 
p. 299 (1862) ; Soma, Mus. Xac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 10 (1809). 
?P&itto\ius chrysopogon, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 151, 
n. 74. 
Conurus tovi, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 47 (1859); Cass. 
Pr. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 137. ^ „ _ . _ 
Brotogerys tovi, Sclat. Cat Am. B. p. 352, n. 2101 (lb62); id. 

P.Z.S. 1864, p. 367; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 99 (180/); Law. 
Ann. Luc. X. Y. ix. p. 131 (1808); Frantz. Journ f. Orn..lbGJ, 
p. 364; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 214; id. Ibis, 1871, pp. 8/, 0o; 
Wt/afL Ihis, 1871, p. 381; Gieb. Tim. Orn. 1. p^4b2 (18<2); 
Sdat. $ Salv. Xomencl. Av. Xeotrop. p. 113, n. 5 (lb/3); Garrort, 
2G0 PSITT^CIDJB. 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 634, 1874, p. 587; Laior. Bull U.S. Nat Mif. 
n. 4, p. 36 (1875); Boncard, B. Z. S. 1878, p. 46 5 Sclat $ Salv. 
B. Z.S. 1879, p. 538; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll p. 470 (18*2) j 
Nutting, Pr. U.S. Nat.Mm. v. p. 402 (Costa Rica) (1882), TI. 
pp. 377, 395 (Nicaragua) (1883); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th etf. 
p. 353 (1883); Bed. Journ. f. Orn. 1884, p. 316 ; Zeled. Br. U.S. 
Nat Mm. viii. p. Il l (Costa Pica) (1886) j Bidgw. Man. N. Am. 
Birds, p. 268 (note) (1887). mm 
Psittovius subcoeruleus, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N T. vii. p. 475 (1862) ; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 367. 
Psittaculus tov, Solder/. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 29 (1864) ; id. op. 

at Rente, p. 7 (1874). 
Brotogerys tovi, var., Sclat B. Z. S. 1864, p. 367. 
Brotogerys subeserulea, Finsch, Bapag. ii. p. 97, t. 2 (1868); Salv. 

Ibis, 1871, p. 94 (note). 
Sittace jugularis, G. R. Gr. Kand-lkt, ii p. 150, n. 8160 (1870). 
Sittace subcamilea, G. B. Gr. t c. p. 151, n. 8163 (1870). 
Brotogerys chrysopogon, Bchnw Vogelbild. t. xx\ iii. f. 5 (1878-83) ; 

id. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 343 (Cousp. Bsitt. p. 183). 
Brotogerys chrysopogon, var., Bchnw. Jour. j . Orn. 1881, p. 343 
(Comp. Bsitt p. 183). 

Adult male. Green; underneath yellowish green, with a bluish 
tinge (more or less distinct) on the abdomen; head, scapulars, lower 
back, and rump more or less with a bluish tinge; interscapular 
region green with an olive tinge; an orange spot on the chin ; 
smaller upper wing-coverts olive-brown; the greater ones and 
quills bluish green ; primary-coverts deep blue; smaller under 
wing-coverts yellow, the greater ones and inner webs of the quills 
below bluish^gceen^-Jjail green, the two central feathers more or 
less with a bluish tinge : bill pale horn flesh-colour; feet yellowish 
flesh-colour; iris brown. Total length about 7*8 inches, wing 4-2, 
tail 3, bill 0*7, tarsus 0-42. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hab. Southern Mexico, Central America, and Colombia. 
I have never seen specimens from Brazil, where the present 

species has been stated to be found. According to Sclater and Salvin 
the type of Psittovius subcceraleus, which was shot in Panama by 
Mr. M'Leannan out of a flock of B. jugularis, is only an individual 
variety, with a bluish tinge, of the last-named species. 

a, b. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
c. c? ad. st.
d- Ad. sk. 
S. America. Zoological Soc. Coll. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. ' Guatemala {SalU). 
f. Ad. sk. LaOoncepcion, Pacific side Salvin-Godman Coll. 
of Guatemala, Jan. 
g. Ad. sk. CMapam, PacificGuatemala. 
side of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h h & <S $ ad. Retalhuleu, Guatemala, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk.
I, m. Ad. sk.
n. d1 ad. sk.
o. d ad. sk. 
July( W.B.Richardson). 
Bebedero, Nicoya, CostaRica, March (Arc6). 
Mina deChorcha, Chiriqui(Arci). 
Bugaba, CMriqui (ArcS). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

16. BliOXOGERYS. 26 1 
P' 'A A' Sik*
q. Ad. sk.
T' f 7 s rf 7" A io ad-7 
sJr-
n. Ad. sk. 
Calobre, Veragua (ArcS). 
Southern slope of the Volcano 
of Chiriqui (ArcS). 
Panama. 
Panama. 
Panama, Jan. (Hicks). 
Paraiso Station, Isthmus 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
(>. Barclay, Esq. TRl 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
% w J Q ad. sk.
x. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk.
z. 2 ad. sk.
of Panama (A. Hughes). 
Panama (MLeannan). 
Panama (WLeanmm). 
Cartagena, Colombia. 
Santa Marta, U. S. OolomSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
ra. $ ad. sk. 
bia, December 
Medellin. 
(Simons). 
Purchased. 
b . $ ad. sk. Remedios, U.S. Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c'. Ad. sk.
(Salmon), 
Bogota. Sclater Coll. 

6. Brotogerys devillei. 
Permche a tache souci femelle, Levaill Perr. pi. 59 (1801). 
Psittacns sosove femina, KuJil, Consp. Psitt. p. 27 (1820). 
Sittace tuipara, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 633 (18:32). 
Conurus jugularis, Deville (nee Mhll), Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, 


p. 209; 0. DesMurs in Casteln. Exp. Am. du Sud, Ois. p. 15, 
t. iii. f. 2 (1855); Hartl. Jour. f. Orn. 1857, p. 42 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 76; G. P. Or. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 46 (1859). 
Psittovius jugnlaris, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 73; 
Souanc6, Per. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 152 ; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 73 ; Sclat. Ibis, 1860, p. 44. 

Brotogerys 
jugularis, Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 352, n. 2100 (1862); 
Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 197, 1867, p. 753; Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 101 (1868); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 260,447, liii (1871) ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 482 (1872); Sclat. $ Salo. Nomencl. A v. 
Neotrop. p. 113, n. 6 (1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 300; Bchnw. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 343 (Consp. Psitt. p. 183); Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 46; Pchma. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 100 (1883); Tacz. 8? Berl. 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 109 ; Tacz. Orn. Pir.iii. p. 208, Tabl. p. 99 (1886); 
Berl. Ibis, 1889, p. 181; Garl. Jour. f. Orn. 1889, p. 291; Berl 
Journ.f. Orn. 1889, p. 316. 
Psittaculus jugularis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 29 (1864) ; id. 

op. cit. JReviie, p. 7 (1874) 
Sittace devillei, G. P. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8159 (1870). 
Sittace cyanoptera, Natt. Cat. MS., fide Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 260 

(1871). 

Adult male. Green ; forehead tinged with yellowish, pileum with 
bluish; back, rump, scapulars, and wing-coverts with an olive tinge ; 
green underparts lighter than the upper parts ; chin bright orange; 
bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills deep blue, edged with 
green on the outer edges; smaller under wing-coverts green, the 
greater ones and inner webs of the quills verditer-blue ; central tail-
feathers blue edged with green ; the next pair of tail-feathers green 
tinged with blue on the outer webs ; the remainder green, with the 
inner webs yellowish green; tail underneath yellow-green: bill 

262 PSIXTAOIDJE. 

pale horn flesh-colour ; feet yellowish ilesli-colour; iris brown. Total 

length. 7*5 inches, wing 4*8, tail 2*8, hill 075, tarsus 0*5. 
Female. Like the male. 
Hal. Upper Bio Fegro and Upper Amazons. 

ct. $ ad. sk. Rio Vaup6, Brazil (Nat-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c, d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
terer).
Ecuador. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Sarayacu, Ecuador, April 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad.sk. 
</j h. Ad. sk. 
(Buckley). 
Iiivor Amazons. 
Yquitos, Upper Amazons, 
H. W. Bates [C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. cS ad. sk. 
k, I. 6 S ad. sk. 
• June, Aug. (H. Whitehj). 
Yurimaguas, Peru, April 
(Stohmanri). 
Yurimaguas, Peru, Feb., 
March. 
Sclater Coll. 
Purchased. 
m, w. c? ad. sk. Nauta, E. Peru, May, Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. 5 ad. sk. 
i?. § ad. sk. 
q. S ad. sk. 
r. Ad. sk. 
(HauxweU).
Nauta, E. Peru, April. 
Upper Ucayali, Sept. 
[Oyapock, Cayenne.] 
[Bogota.] 
E. Bartlett [C I 
E. Bartlett [C.j. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

7. Brotogerys gustavi 
Brotogerys gustavi, Berl Ibis, 1889, p. 181, pi. vi. (Tuanf ue, Peru viae 
or.). 
Adult. Dark green, underneath a little lighter ; pilenm slightly 
tinged with bluish ; an orange spot on the chin ; bend of the wing, 
carj)al edge, and bastard-wing yellow; primary-coverts and quills 
blue, edged with green on the outer webs; innermost under wing-
coverts green, the greater ones and inner webs of the quills verditergreen; 
outer tail-feathers green, the remainder blue along the 
middle and edged with green on the outer webs ; central tail-feathers 
edged with green on both webs ; tail underneath green ; bill pale 
horn (flesh-colour ?); feet pale. Total length 7*5 inches, wing 4*4, 
tail 2-8, bill 0-73, tarsus 0-42. 
llab. Upper Huallaga, Eastern Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. Tuanfue\ Upper Huallaga Salvin-Godman OolL 
(G. Garlepp). (One of the typical specimens.) 
8. Brotogerys txtipara. 
Tuipara septima species, Maregr. Hist. Bras. libr. ix. p. 206 (1648). 
Psittacula brasiliensis erythrocephalos, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 383 (1760). 
.Red-fronted Parrot, Lath. Sun. i. p. 308, n. 115 (1781); id. Gen. 

Hist. ii. p. 261 (1822). 
Psittacus tuipara, Gm. S. N. i. p. 348, n. 327 (1788); Lath. Inch 
Orn. i. p. 129, n. 141 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. ooo 

16. BIIOTOGERYS. 
(1811) ; Bechst. Kur%e Ueb. p. 104 (1811-12) : Vieill 
N. D. xxv. 

p. 381 (1817) j id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1410 (1823). 
P&ttacus sosove, var., Kulil, Consp. Psitt. p. 27 (1820); ? Bechst. 
Kurze Ueb. p. 80 (1811-12) j Voigt, Cuv. Ushers, p. 733 (1831). 
Sittace tuipara; ad., Wagl Man. Psitt p. 633 (1832). 
Conurus tuipara, part., G. P. Gr, Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 31 (1845) j 

id. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 46 (excl var.) (1859). 
Conurus tuiparus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 727 (1848). 
Psittovius tuipara, part., Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, 

n. 72 ,• Souance, Rev. et Mag, de Zool. 1856, p. 64 (ad.) ,• Bp. 
Nawnannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 74 (part.); Soma. Mus. Mac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 10 (1869). 
Brotogerls 
aurifrons, Cass, Journ. Ac. PHlad. iii. p. 155, pi. xiy. f. 2 
(1855); Bp. Compt Rend. xliv. p. 538 (1857). 
Brotogerys notatus, Sclat Cat Am. B. p. 352, n. 2099 (1802): Sclat. 
§ Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 588 (Para). 
Brotogerys tuipara, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 104 (part.) (1868); id, 

P. Z. S, 1870, p. 586 (Trinidad); Pete. Orn. Bras. pp. 261, 
447, liii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. I p. 483 (part.) (1872); Sclat. 
Sf Salv. Nojnencl Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 7 (1873); Peh. Ibis, 1873, 
p. 116; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 394; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 300; 
Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 353 (1883). 
P&ittaculus tuipara, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psitt. p. 28 (1804); id. op. cit. 
Rev. p. 7 (1874). 
Sittace tuipara, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150, n. 8158 (excl. yar.) 
(1870). 
Brotogerys notata, 
Rchmv. YogeTbild. t, xxyiii. f. 3 (1878-83); id. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 344 (Consp, Psitt. p. 184). 

Adult male. Green, underparts lighter; pileum slightly tinged 
with blue ; narrow frontal band and chin orange • primary-eoverts 
orange; quills deep blue, with the edges of outer webs and tips 
green; smaller under wing-coverts green, the greater ones and 
inner webs of the quills below verditer-blue; tail-feathers green, 
paler below, with a narrow yellow edge on the inner webs of the 
lateral ones: bill horn-whitish; " feet flesh-colour; iris brown " 
(Layard). Total length 7*6 inches, wing 4-9, tail 27 , bill 0'75, 
tarsus 0-44. 

Young. Some of the primary-coverts green. 

Hob. Lower Amazons, 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Selater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Para. 
P. Graham, Esq. [P.]. 
c. 
<$ ad. sk. Para, Feb. (E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
d. 
Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Selater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Amazons (A. R. Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 
9 ad. sk. S. America. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
9. Brotogerys chrysopterus. 
Golden-wingedParrakeet,Edw. Glean, vi. p. 177, pi. 293.1 2 (1760)* ; 
Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 309 (1783); id. Gen. Mist. ii. p. 201 (1822). 

* Edwards's figure has about four of the quills following the four outermost 
of a fine golden or orange-colour like the coverts immediately above, and shows 
some likeness to B. vireseens, 
204 PSI1TACIDJE. 

Psittacus alls cleaiiratis, Briss. Orn. App. p. 130, n. 97 (176*0). 
Pbittacus chryaopterus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 149, n. 44 (1766); Gm. S. X. 

i. p. 348, n. 44 (1788); Lath. Inch Orn. i. p. 129, n. 142 (1790); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 545 (1811); BecJist. Kurze Ueb. p. 83 
(1811-12); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 373 (1817); id. Enc. Mith. iii, 
p. 1404 (1823). 
Perruche aux ailes d'or, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 170 (1779). 
?La Perruche a taclie sonei, Levaill. Perr. pL 58 (1801). 
Pbittacus caltbopticus, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 369 (1817); id. Enc, 
Mith. iii. p. 1402 (1823). 
Psittacus sosove, KM (nee Gm. ?), Consp. Psitt. p. 27 (1820). 
Psittacus cayennensis, Sw. Zool. III. i. pi. 1 (1820). 
Psittacus vaillanti, Sw. Isis, 1821, p. 65. 
Psittaciila chrysoptera, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 203 (1831). 
Sittace tuipara, jun., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 033 (1832). 
Psittovius tuipara, part, Bp. Bev. etMag. deZool 1854, p. 151, n. 72; 

Souanci, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 64 (juv.) ,* Bp. Xaunumnia, 
1856, Comp. Bsitt. n. 74 (part). 
Conurus tuipara, Tar. chrysopterus, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. 

p. 46 (1859). 
Brotogerys tuipara, Sclat. (nee Gm?) Cat. Am. B. p. 347, n. 2098 
(1862): 
Brotogerys tuipara, jun., Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 104(1868). 
Sittace tuipara, var. chrysopterus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150 

(1870). 

Brotogerys chrysoptera, Sund. Mith. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 70 (1872); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 1002, 1879, p. 300; Bchnw. Vogellild. 
text of pi. xxviii. £ 2 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 344 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 184): Sate. Cat. B. Strichl. Cell. p. 470 (1882); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 353 (1883); Salv. Ibis, 1886, 

p. 68. 
Adult. Very much like B. tuipara, from which it differs in having 
the forehead and the chin-spot brown ; size somewhat smaller. 
Total length 6*8 inches, wing 4-4, tail 2-5, bill 0*75, tarsus 0*44. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Primary-coverts green. 
Bab. Guiana, Venezuela, and perhaps also Trinidad *. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
c. Juv. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
d. e. d ? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
October (JT. Whitehj). 
f, g. d $ ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March, June (H. Whitely). 
h. Ad. &k. Venezuela (Verdey). Selater Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (?) Selater Coll. 
(Craven). 

* In Mr. Sclater's Collection there is a specimen from Pernambuco, but this 
locality requires confirmation. 
16 . BEOTOGBErS. 
10. Brotogerys chrysosema. 
Brotogerys 
chrysosema, Natt. MS. ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1864, p. 298 ; 
ttisch, Papag. if. pp. 107, 949, t. 3 (1868); Pels. Orn. Bras. 
pp. 261, 447, liii (1871); Sclat $ Salv. Nomenel. Av. Neotrop. 

p. 113, n. 8 (1873); Rchmo. Vogelhild. m the text oft. xxviii. f. 3 
(1878-83); id. Join. f. Orn. 1881, p. 344 {Consp. Psitt p. 184) j 
Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. d. naturh. Hofm. iii. p. 39 (1888). 
Psittaculus chrysosenia, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 28(1864): id. 
^ op. cit. Revue, p. 7 (1874). 
Conurus chrysosenia, Natt, fide Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 28 
(1864). 
Sittace chrysosema, G. R. G)\ Hand-list, ii. p. 151, n. 8164 (1870): 
Natt. MS.,fide Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 261 (1871). 
Brotogerys chrysosoma (err.), Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 481 (1872). 

Adult. Dark green, underneath slightly paler; pileum with a 
slight bluish tinge; forehead and lores yellow-orange ; chin orange ; 
primary-coverts yellow ; quills deep blue, with the outer edges and 
tips green ; smaller under wing-coverts green, the greater ones and 
inner webs of the quills below verditer-blue; tail-feathers green, 
with a narrow yellow edge on the inner webs ; the two central ones 
tinged with blue along the middle : bill whitish horn-colour; feet 
pale. Total length 7*8 inches, wing 4*8, tail 2*4, bill 0*75, tarsus 
0-4.1. 

Jlab, lllo Madeira, Amazons Valley. 

a. 
5 ad. sk. Cachoeira das Pederneiras, Selater Coll. (One of 
Rio Madeira (Natterer). the typical specimens.) 
11. Brotogerys tni. 
Tul quarta species, Marcgr. Hist Bras. libr. ix. p. 206 (1648) ,* 

Licht Abh. Berl Ak. 1816-17, p. 107. 
Psittacula brasiliensis icterocephalos, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 398 (1760). 
Petite Perruche de lisle St. Thomas, DAubent PI Ml. 456. f. 1. 
PattaaiiJErfLJhycBnaB, Mull. S. N. Suppl p. 81, n. 69 (1776) ; Cass. 

'TrTAe. Philad. 1864, p. 241. 
Toui a tete d'or, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 284 (1779). 
Gold-headed Parrateet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 321 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. 

ii. p. 277 (1822). 
Psittacus passerinus, Bodd* (nee Linn.) Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 27 (1783). 
Psittacus tui, Gm. S. N. i. p. 352, n. 139 (1788); Lath. 2nd. Orn. I 
p. 134, n. 160 (1790); Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 547 (1811); 
Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 86 (1811-12); Licht. Abh. Berl. Akad. 
1816-17, p. 167; Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 380 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt. p. 58 (1820); Vieill. Bnc. Math. iii. p. 1410 (1823); Voigt, 
Cuv. Uebers. p. 745 (1831). 
La Perruche Tui, Levaill. Perr. pi. 70 (1805). 

Psittaculus tui, 
Spix, AD. Bras. i. p. 39 (1824); Brehm, Mon. d. 
Papag. t. 35 (1852); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 29 (1864); 
id. op. cit. Revue, p. 70 (1874). 

* BoddaeH never thought of himself giving a name to the Toui a tete 
tfor : he confused it with Liime's Pbiltacu* pntberinub. 
2$ '3 
PSITTACIDJC. 

Ptittacula tui, Steph Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 141 (1826); Less. Tr. tTOni. 

p. 203 (1831). 
Sittace tui, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 634 (1832); G. R. Gr. Kami-lilt, 
ii. p. 151, n. 8161 (1870). 
Conurus tui, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 414, n. 30 (1845) ; Buna. Sr/st. 
Ueb. ii. p. 174 (note) (1850)• G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. 

p. 47 (1859). 
Brotogeris tui, Bp. Rev. ei Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 161, n. 76 : Souance, 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 153 ; Soma, Mus. Xac. Lish. Psitta *i, 

p. 10(1869). 
P^ttovius tui, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Cansp. Psitt. n. 75. 
Conurus cassini, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 47 (1859). 
Brotogerys tui, Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. So2, n. 2102 (1S02); Sclat. Sf 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 197 ; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. l(b (ISto); 
Pels. Orn. Bras. pp. 261, 447, liii (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. Oru. i. 

p. 482 (1872); Sclat. $ Salv. JSbmend. Av. Xeutrop. p. 113, 
n. 9 (1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 300; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 466, 634; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl Coll. p. 470 <18b2); Sclat. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 353 (1883); Tacz. Orn. Per. in. p. 209, 
Tabl. p. 99 (1886) • Allen, Bull. Am. Mus, Xai. Hist. ii. p. 104 
(1889;. 
Conurus (?) aurifrons, G. R. Gr. in syn. P. tui (Scltfeg. Mus. P.~B. 

Psittaci, p. 29 ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 151). 
Sittace st. thornse, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, Ii. p. 151, n. 8162 (1870). 
Brotogerys passerina, Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxviii. f. 4 (1878-83); id. 

Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 345 (Consp. Psitt. p. 185). 
Adult. Green; rump, upper tail-coverts, and underparts lighter, 
or yellowish green; sinciput and sometimes a streak behind the eyes 
yellow; bastard-wing blue, with the outer webs of the feathers 
green; primary-coverts bluish green • under wing-coverts yellowish 
green, the greater ones and inner webs of the quills verditer-blue: 
tail green, inner webs of the feathers and tail below yellow-green : 
bill horn-brown; feet pale or fle&h-coJour; iris brown. Total length 
6-8 inches, wing 4*3, tail 2-4, bill 0*6, tarsus 0*44. 
Female. "No yellow streak behind the ejes. 
Hob. "Western Brazil, Upper Amazons, Eastern Ecuador, and 
Eastern Peru. 
I do not know whether the yellow streak behind the eye ever 
appears in the female. 


The locality Bolivia, attributed to this species on the authority 
of a specimen in Mr. Sclater's Collection, is very doubtful. 
a, h. Ad. sk. S. America. Zoological Society's 


Coll. 
c, d. c? ? ad. sk. Samiria, Peru, August (J. Salvin-GodmanColl. 
Hauxwell). 


e. Ad. sk. Rio Javarri, Upper Amazons. H. W, Bates [C.]. 
(Type of Conurus cassini, Gr.) 
f, 
9-6 S ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
June (ii. Whitely). 

h. 
$ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons, Sclater Coll. 
March (H. Whitely). 
i. cS ad. sk. Nauta, April 
H. Whitely "0.\ 
h. Ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (J. Haiuivell). Sclater Coll."" J 
I Ad. sk. Bolivia ? Sclater Coll. 
Skeletons. 

m. n. 
PIOMNiE. 
267 

Subfamily III. PIONINiE. 

Tail short and broad, square or rounded, about half the length 
of the wing, longer in Triclaria and Deropyus; bill moderately 
strong, sometimes longer than deep, sometimes the reverse; culmen 
generally with a groove; upper mandible frequently notched and 
always with the palatine portion of the hook furnished with a filelike 
surface; gonys frequently with a ridge along the middle. 
Cere, surrounding the whole base of the bill, swollen in front of 
the nostrils and always naked. Wings with the second, third, and 
fourth primaries generally the longest. Orbital ring in several 
genera complete. General colour mostly green. 

Range. Tropical America and Africa. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. No tufted oil-gland; tail moderate or 
short. 
a. 
Tail moderate, rounded; under tail-
coverts always green; orbital ring 
complete 17. CHBYSOTIS, p. 2GS. 
V. Tail very short and nearly even; under 
tail-coverts green 18. PACHYNUS, p. 320. 
c'. Tail moderate and nearly even; under 
tail-coverts always red; orbital ring 
complete 19. PIONTTS, p. 321. 


b. Oil-gland tufted. 
d'. 'Tail rather long, more than three 
fourths of the length of the wing; 
bill rather short, deeper than long. 


«". 
Feathers of the hind neck broad, 
very long and erectile 20. DEBOPTYUS, p. 335. 

• b". Feathers of the hind neck normal.. 21. TBICLAEIA, p. 337. 
e'. Tail rather short, less than half the 
length of the wing. 
c". Bill as deep as it is long, with 
the under mandible longer than 
deep. 


a"'. 
Tail-feathers more or less 
acuminate, constantly with 
blue tips; upper tail-coverts 
reaching about the half of 
the tail. 


«4. Head entirely feathered 22. PIONOPSITTACUS,P.33S, 
bl. Anterior part of the head 
naked 23. GYPOPSITTACUS,P.349. 
b'". 
Tail-feathers equally broad 
nearly to the tips, generally 
brightly coloured and sharply 
bordered at the tips ; upper 
tail-coverts reaching nearly 
to the tip of the tail; size 
small 24. UROCHBOMA, p. 350. 

26 8 
PSITTACIDJE. 

d". Bill very deep, with the under 
mandible deeper than long. 


c'". Second, third, and^ fourth 
primaries the longest; first equal 
to the fifth 25. CAICA, p. 358. 

d'". Second and third primaries 
the longest ; first equal to 
the fourth 26. PYOCEPHALUS, p. 302. 

17. CHRYSOTIS. 
Type. 
Psittacus, subgenus Amazona, Less. Tr. (TOrn. 

p. 189 (1831) C. farinosa. 
Chrysotis, Sic. Class. B. ii. p. 300 (1837) C. amazunica. 
Androglossus, "Vigors" G. B. Gr. List Gen. B. 
p. 52 (in syn. gen. Chrysotis, Sw.) (1840); Simd. 
Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 69 (1872} C. amazjnica. 
Amazona, Less. Deser. Ma?mn. et Ois. p. 196 (1847); 
Schleg. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 49 (1864). 
Oenochrus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 151 . C. vinacea. 
Onochrus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. gen. 


22. 
Androglossa, JRchnw. (nee Vig.) Joum.f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 365 ( = Chrysotis, Sw.). 
Range. Prom Northern Mexico, through Central America to 
Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Argentine Kepublic. 

Key to the Sjpecies. 

a. 
General plumage orange-brown; greater under 
wing-coverts and bases of the inner webs of 
the primaries yellow « guildingi, p. 273. 
b. General colour of the upper parts green; greater 
under wing-coverts and inner w7ebs of the 
primaries green or blue. 
d. 
Under surface, as well as the head and neck 
dark purple augusta, p. 274. 
V. 
Under surface generally green, sometimes 
more or less tinged with dull vinous red. 
a". Wing with a red or orange-red speculum. 
d". Under surface with the bases of the 
feathers of the breast and abdomen 
tinged with dull vinous red. 


a4. Forehead red, cheeks green ....... . vinacea, p. 275. 
bl 

. Forehead and cheeks blue; a red 
band across the lower throat; 
greater under wing-coverts and bases 
of the inner webs of the quills blue. versicolor7 p. 276. 

b"r. Under surface green. 

e4. A red band or patch on the lower 
throat j forehead and cheeks blue; 
greater under wing-coverts and bases 
of the inner webs of the quillb below 
blue hoi/ffwti, p. 277. 

17. CHBYSOTIS.
No red band or patch on the lower 
throat. 
a5. No red colour on the forehead, and 
no blue cheeks. 
a6. No red colour on the tail. 
a7. Metacarpal edge green or 

yellowish green. 
a8, Pileum distinctly blue 
bs. Pileum green, with no blue 

tinge or scarcely any 
b7. Metacarpal edge red; size very 
large. 

cB. Middle of the crown yellow, 
sometimes tinged with red 
behind 

d*. No yellow on the head; sinciput 
green ; feathers of the 
occiput with broad dark 
grey edges 

bQ. Tail partly red or orange-red, 
especially at the base. 

c7. With no yellow and no blue 
on the head, which is entirely 
green; the red colour on the 
inner webs of the lateral feathers 
much extended, reaching 
very near to the tips .... 

dr. With the head partly yellow. 
eH. Head partly blue. 
a9. Pileum tinged with blue; 
lores blue; middle of the 

, crown- more or less yellow; 
cheeks and throat 
ochreous yellow; bend of 
the wing green, with no 
red 

b9 

. Forehead blue; vertex, 
region round the eyes, and 
often cheeks and throat, 
yellow; bend of the wing 
red, more or less mixed 
with yellow, sometimes 
almost entirely yellow .. 

/s. Head with no blue. 

c9. Forehead and lores whitish; 
vertex and region round 
the eyes yellow; bend of 
the wing and cubital edge 
bright yellow; the last 
often mixed with red 
marks 

cP. Forehead not whitish. 

a10. Cheeks green, generally 
with no part of 
them yellow. 

a11. No yellow on the 
hind neck. 

guatemalce, p. 279. 
virentieeps, p. 280. 

farino&a, p. 2S0. 
inornata, p. 281. 

mercenaria, p. 2S2. 

amazonica, p. 28-3. 

cestiva, p. 285. 

ochroptem, p. 288. 

270 PSITTACIDJE. 

a12. Grown yellow, bordered' 
in front by 
a pale green fronts! 
band; larger, ochrocejifwla, p. 289. 

512 

. Sinciput yellow ; 
the yellow extended 
to the frontal 
edge, where is 
no green frontal 
band; size smaller patiamen^is^. 'JUl, 

bu. A broad j ellow band 
or patch on the hind 
neck auropaUiata, p. ifiJl. 

bl °. Cheeks entirely yellow, 
like the whole of the 
head and neck, or 
green on the lower 
part; bend of the wing 
and cubital edge 
broadly red; bill 

yellow" levaiUa/ttu p. -i#. 
b\ No red colour on the forehead; 
cheeks blue. 
c6. Forehead blue; bend of the wing 
red naiterert, p. Ji*4. 

dQ. Forehead and lores green-yellow; 
no red on the bend of the wing; 
wing-speculum orange-yellow.. diifremeana7 p 'J\^>. 

e5. Forehead, or the anterior part of the 
pileuni, or even the whole of 
it, red. 


eQ. Pileum entirely red in the old 

birds; wing-speculum red. 
e7. Cheeks tinged with blue ... . rhodoconjthft, p. '2{M. 
f7. Cheeks and ear-co^ erts brig-lit 

grass-green ; a blue band from 
the temporal region running 
down the sides of the neck ; 
no red colour at the base of 
the tail viridhp^ta, p. 'JUT. 

f*. A frontal bind and lores red ; 
feathers of the pileum with lilac 
subterminal bands. 

g1. Cheeks entirely green. 

gB, Frontal band dark red ; no 
red at the bases of the 
lateral tail-feathers fimchi, p. "J€M, 

h8. Frontal band bright red; 
base of the lateral tail-
feathers red. 

e*. Cheeks grass-green. 

c10. Occiput yellowish ; 
lores, near the eyes, 
deep purple-red diatlemata, p. 'JWX 

d10 

. Occiput ^ith no yellowish 
tinge, and,like 
the pileum and hind 

17 . 
CKEYSGTIS. 
neck, green, with lilac 
bubterminal bands ; 
lores and frontal band 
uniform red

fQ. Cheeks yellow-green; red 
colour of the frontal band 
extended over the eyes ; 
pileuni lilac, -with the 
edges of the feathers pale 
red or purple j occiput and 
hind neck green, with no 
conspicuous lilac subterminal 
bands near the 
black edges of the feathers


A7. Cheeks green, with the upper 
part, below the eyes, yellow .
'. Wing with no red or orange-red speculum. 
c"\ Sides of the body, under the wings, 
orange-red; head more or less yellow,


d'". No orange-red spot on the sides. 
eK Forehead red. 


d5. Primary-coverts green or blue, but 
not red ; bend of the wing green, 
with no red marks; no red colour 
round the eyes. 

<f. A blue tinge on the sides of the 
occiput. 
i7. Metacarpal edge red; cheeks 
and chin blue; pileum more 
or less vinous red

W. 
No red colour on the metacarpal 
edge. 
i8. Primary-coverts green; lower 
back and rump red; pileum 
tinged with red

k8. Primary-coverts blue. 

g°. Lower back and rump redj 
lateral tail-feathers with 
no red at the base

h9 

. Lower back and rump 
green, or with the green 
feathers edged with red; 
lateral tail-feathers red 
at the bases

hQ. No blue tinge on the sides of the 
occiput; feathers conspicuously 
edged with black ; bastard-wing, 
primary-coverts, and primaries 
pale blue, with a greenish tinge,

e5. Primary-coverts red ; no red at the 
base of the lateral tail-feathers. 

iQ. Bend of the wing, bastard-wing, 
lores, and feathers round the 
eyes red

k°. Bend of the wing, lores, and feathers 
behind the eyes green....

 salvini, p. 300. 

lilacina, p. 301. 
autumnalis, p. 302. 

xanfhops, p. 304. 

brasilierms, p. 305. 

bodini, p. 307. 

/estiva, p. 307, 

chloronota, p. 308. 

vittat a, p. 309 

pretrei, p. 310 
tucumana} p. 311. 

272 PSITTACIBJE. 
f \ Forehead not red (except in C. albifrons, 
"which has a narrow red frontal 
edge). 
f5 . Forehead or sinciput white. 
P. Cheeks and throat green. 
P. 2so red patch on the middle of 
the abdomen; primary coverts 
red in the adult males, green 
in the young and females (!"). 
Z8 . Lores and region round the 
eyes red; ear-coverts green,
mH . Lores yellow; region round 
alhifrons, p. 311. 
the eyes, except in front, 
m1 .
red : ear-coverts black ... . 
A. dull red patch on the middle 
xanthohra, p. 313. 
of the abdomen ; ear-coverts 
mG .
black 
Cheeks and throat rose-red. 
ventralis, p. 314. 
w7 . Feathers of the hind neck 
green, with no red; middle 
of the abdomen more or less ileueocpphaht, p. 31 o. 
o7 .
dull red 
Feathers of the hind neck dull 
«! cayman? asis, p. 317 
( hanamemis, p. 317. 
reddish, with green subapical 
bands and black edges; no 
red tinge on the middle of 
the abdomen collaria> p. 3Ls. 
cp. Forehead and sinciput dark bluish 
green; primary coverts red; bill 
dark horn-colour, with a whitish 
spot on the sides towards the base ; 
size small ay ilk *, p. 310. 

* I am not acquainted with the following species:— 
ClIRYSOTlS C LN'irRONS. 

Chrysotis canifrons, Lawr. Aim. K. York Ac\ \\. p. 3^1 (1S83J (Island of 
Aruba, West Indies); Ibis, 1883, p. 371; Bdaiw. v. Schtl. \l*v*n. f. 
Om. 1885, p. 460. 

The general colouring is green, the abdomen washed with bluish, the feathers 
of the hind neck edged with black, and those of the throat mixed with yellow ; 
the front, the chin, and upper part of the throat are greyish ash ; this colour 
is bordered on the crown with dull pale yellow; sides of the head dull yellow ; 
the primaries are deep blue, with a speculum of bright scarlet; the bend of 
the wing is clear yellow, marked Tilth scarlet nest the body; thighs grev; tail-
feathers green, ending rather broadly with light greenish yellow; the basal 
portions of the feathers are yellow for half their length, and* are marked with 
red; the outer feather is bluish on the outer web; bill whitish horn-colour, 
with the tip dusky; feet dark grey. Dimensions approximately: length 
14 inches, wing 9, tail G. (Lawrence.) 
Hab. Island of Aruba, West Indies. 

Obs. The most marked difference from its allies seems to be the ashy front 
and chin (Lawrence). The typical and only known specimen described by 
Lawrence is lost. This species is nut mentioned in Cory's ' Birds of the West 
Indies.' 

17. CHRYSOTIS.
3. Chrysotis guildingi. 
Psittacus guildingii, Vig. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 80; Bourf. Pen. pi. 64 
(1837-38) j G. H. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 28 (1846) j Fraser, 
Zool. Typ. pi. 57 (1841)). 

Chrysotis guildingi, 
Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 84 j 
id. Waumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 86; Bolle, Journ. f. Orn. 
1856, p. 170; G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 80 (1859); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 559 (1868) ; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, 

n. 8319 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 682 (1872); Sclat £) Salv. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 20 (1873) ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 324, 1877, p. G83; Later. Pr. U.S. Nat Mus. i. pp. 193, 487 
(1878); Sclat P. Z. S. 1879, p. 300; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 42 ; 
Sclat P. Z. S. 1881, p. 627; Salv. Cat B. Strichl. Coll. p. 467 
(3882); Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 348 (1883); Cory, List 
B. West Ind. p. 20 (1885); id. Auk, 1886, p. 462; id. Birds of 
W. Ind. p. 185 (1889); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 327; Marsh. 
Papag. p. 55 (1889) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 79 (type) (1889). 
Amazona guildingi, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 49 (1864) ; id. 
op. cit. Bevue, p. 26 (1874). 
Androglossa 
guildingi, Bchnio. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 380 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 220); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 127 (1883). 

Adult Orange-brown ; edges of the feathers black; pileum white, 
turning to yeHow on the hind part; lores and feathers under the 
eyes white; occiput, sides of the bead, and tbroat blue, with the 
bases of the feathers yellowish green; lower part of the neck more 
or less tinged with green ; the feathers of the abdomen green near 
the black edges ; under tail-eoverts green-yellow; bastard-wing 
and primary-coverts green, the first with a bluish tinge, the last 
orange at the base of the outer webs; an orange wing-speculum at 
the base of the first three or four secondaries ; primaries black, with 
the bases yellow; secondaries blue, edged with green, the first three 
or four with the bases of the outer webs orange, forming the wing-
speculum ; the bases of the inner secondaries yellow; tertials partly 
green; the upper part of the metacarpal edge yellow-orange, the 
lower part yellowish green, with the edges of the feathers blue ; 
smaller under wing-coverts orange, mixed with green, greater ones 
and bases of the inner webs of the quills yellow; tail above yellow 
and orange at the base, blue in the middle, and yellow at the tip ; 
tail below orange at the base, yellow at the tip, green in the middle : 
bill pale horn-colour ; tarsus grey. Total length about 17 inches, 
wing 10*6, tail 6-4, bill 1-5, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Like the male. 

Uab. St. Vincent, W. Indies. 

a. 
Ad. sk. St. Vincent, W. Indies. Zoological Society's Coll.* 
(One of the typical specimens.) 
* Mr. Fraser (Zool. Typ. p. 57) says that one of the original specimens was 
bought by the Zoological Society, and this, which is now in the British 
Museum, has been considered by Dr. Finsch to be the type, while the Rev. 
Canon Tristram claims to have the type in his own collection. 
VOL. XX. 
T 

274 PSITTA.CID-E. 
b. Ad. sir. St. Vincent, "W. Indies Salvin-Godmaii Coll. 
(Zool. Soc). 
c. 5 ad. sk. St. Vincent, W. Indies Sclater Coll. 
(Zool. Soc). 
d-o. <S $ ad. et St. Vincent, W. Indies Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. (B. W. Smith). 
p. Skeleton. 

2. Chxysotis augusta. 
Psittacus havanensis, Kuhl {aee Gm.), Consp. Psitt p. 79 (1820); 
Wagl Man. Psitt p. 746 (1832). 

Psittacus august us, Vig. {nee Shaw. 1792) P. Z. S. 1836, p. K); 
Bourj. Terr. pi. 63 (1837-38); Gr. $ Mitch. Gen. B. ii.' pi 104 
(1846); Gulliv. P. Z & 1862, p. 102, 187.3, p. 48a 

Okrysotis augustus, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 10 11840); id. 
List Bsitt Brit. Mus. p. 84 (1850). 
Oenochrus augustus, Bp. Bei\ et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. lol, n. h± ; 

G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 105, n. 8345 (1870). 
Onoclirus havanensis, Bp. Nawnannia, 1850, Coiisp. Bsitt. n. 104 (M. 
Amazona augustus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 50 (1864). 
Chrysotis augusta, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 437; Finseh7 Papag. 
ii. p. 557 (1868); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 266; Gieh. Thes. Orn. i. 
p. 680 (1872); Sclat % Salv. Fomencl. An. Xeotrop. p. 113, n. 1?) 
(1873); Sclat P. Z. S. 1874, p. 324; Sclat # Salv. Ibis, 1878, p. 195; 
X«2or. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. pp. 62, 487(1878); Ober, Camps 
in the Caribbees, p. 112 (1880); Sclat. P. Z. S. lfeSl, p. 627 ; tf. 
List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 348 (1883) ; Cor?/, Lht B. West Ind. 
p. 20 (1883); id. Auk, 1886, p. 461; id. Birds of W. hid. p. L»4 
(1889); Sclat P. Z. S. 1880, pp. 326, 327 ; Marsh. Papag. p. oo 
(1889). 
Ainazona augusta, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 26 (1874). 
Androglossa augusta, Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 379 (Coasp. 
Psitt. p. 219); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxii. f. 7 (1863). 

Adult. Head, neck, breast, and abdomen dark purple-blue, with 
the edges of the feathers black; feathers of the pileum and occiput 
with shining dark green edges; feathers of the upper breast and 
vent distinctly purple; back, rump, upper and under tail-coverts, 
sides, flanks, and thighs green, the feathers edged with blackish, 
and more or less blue near the edges; wings green ; metacarpal 
edge and wing-speculum crimson; bastard-wing and primary-
coverts green : primaries dark brown, with the bases of the outer 
webs green ; outer secondaries dull purple, inner ones green, with 
dull blue tips ; smaller under wing-coverts green, tipped with Hue, 
the greater ones and bases of the inner webs of the quills below 
dull green; tail above dull reddish brown, with the tip vinous, the 
central feathers tinged with green, and also the lateral ones at the 
base; the outer tail-feather entirely reddish brown; tail below 
reddish brown, with green reflexions: " upper mandible dark horncolour, 
with a whitish mark on its side at the base; the under 
mandible is lighter; the feet blackish brown " (Lawrence). Total 
length 19 inches, wing 11, tail 7, bill 1*7, tarsus 0*75. 

Female. Like the male, perhaps a little duller. 

17. CKKYSOTIS. 
275 
Young. Has the occiput and hind part of the head green; also 
the posterior parts of the cheeks are tinged with green. 

Hab. Dominica, W. Indies. 
a.
b.
c.
d.
e. 
Ad. sk. 
J ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Imm.sk. 
Imm. sk. 
[S. America.] 
Dominica, W. Indies {Zool.
Society). 
Dominica, W. Indies (Ober). 
Dominica, W. Indies, July(Ramage). 
[St. Thomas.] 
Zoological Society's Coll. 
Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Brit. Assoc. [P.]. 
Purchased. 

3. Chrysotis vinacea. 
Loro garganta roxa, Azara. Apunt. Hist. Nat. Parag. i. p. 458, 

no. 286 (1803). 
Maracana a cou rouge, Azara, Voy. (ed. Sonn.), iii. p. 76 (1809). 
Psittaeus tarabe, part., Vieill. N. JD. xxv. p. 321 (1817) ; id. JEtic. 

Meth iii. p. 1371 (1823). 
Psittaeus vinaceus, Prince Maximil. MS.; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 77 
(1820); Wied, Reise, ii. p. 198 (1821) ; id. Beitr. iv. p. 220 (1832) ; 
Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 595 (1832) ; Halm, Orn. Ail, Papag. p. 52, 

t. 37 (1835); HartL Syst Vera. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844); id. Lid. 
Azara's Apunt. p. 18 (1847) ; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 184 (1856). 
Psittaeus columbmus, Spix, Av. Bras. i. p. 40, t. xxvii. (1824) ; 
Bourj. Perr. pi. 65 (1837-38); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 38. 
Psittaeus dominicensis, part., Cuts. Regn. An. i. p. 465 (1829); 
Voigt, Cuv. Vebers. p. 741 (1831). 
Chrysotis Columbians, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 
Chrysotis vinaceus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 14 (1846). 
Oenochrus vinaceus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 81; 

Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 153; Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 10 (1869); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 165, 

n. 8343 (1870). 
Onochras vinaceus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 105. 
(Psittaeus ?) fimbriolatus, Licht, fide Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt in syn. O. vinacei. 
Chrysotis vinacea, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 84 (1859) j 
Sclat. Cat Am. B. p. 354, n. 2112 (1862); Finsch, Papag. ii. 

p. 537 (1868); Pelz. Cm. Bras. pp. 265, 448, liii (1871); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 688 (1872) ; Sclat. $ Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 113, n. 13 (1873); Rchmo. Vogelbild. t. xix. f. 3 (1878-83) ; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 968 ; White, P Z. S. 1882, p. 621; Sclat 
List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 347 (1883); Berl. u. Jhering, Zeitschr. 
f.ges. 
Om. 1885, p. 163; Berl Joum.f. Orn. 1887, p. 122; /Sclat. 
Argent. Orn. ii. p. 46 (1889). 
Amazona vinacea, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 50 (1864); id. op. 
cit Revue, p. 26 (1874); Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat Hist ii. 

p. 264 (1889). 
Androglossa 
vinacea, Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 372 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 212). 

Adult Green, the feathers edged with black; frontal band and 
lores red; long feathers of the hind neck green, with a bluish-grey 
band near the black edges; chin red ; breast and, more or less, also 
the abdomen reddish vinous, with a bluish tinge near the black edges of 
the feathers; nnder and upper tail-coverts yellowish green; meta-

T 2 

PSITTACIT)-2E. 

carpal edge red ; a red speculum at the base of the outer webs of the 
three first secondaries ; bastard-wing and priinary-coverts green, first 
primary black with the outer web blue ; the remaining primaries 
have the outer webs green towards the base, blue towards the tips; 
secondaries green, with no blue tips; greater under wing-eoverts 
and part of the inner webs of the quills towards the base verditergreen 
; tail green, with the tip gradually turning to yellowish 
green, and with the base of the lateral feathers bright red on the 
inner web, dull and dark purple-red on the outer one : '* bill red, with 
white tip ; feet olive-grey; iris orange" (Wied). Total length 
about 14*5 inches, wing 8*2, tail 4*5, bill 1-15, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. A little duller : bill less bright red (Wied). 

Young. Red frontal band duller; feathers of the breast less 
bright vinous red and with broader green edges; metacarpal edge 
yellow: bill red only at the base; iris lemon-yellow ( Wied). 

Hah. South-eastern Brazil, Paraguay, and X. Argentina. 

The first specimen mentioned below diifers from the others in 
having the bastard-wing, the primary-coverts, and the base of 
the outer webs of the primaries with a bluish tinge ; also the under 
surface shows very distinctly the same tinge. 

a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Ytararg, Brazil, Feb. (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. c? ad. sk. Concepcion, Misiones, Arg. Rep.* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
June (E. W. White). 
dAd.sk. Bahia (Wueherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

e. J ad. sk. Brazil. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
4. Chrysotis versicolor. 
Psittacus Amazonicus gutture cseruleo, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 26, pi. xxv. 
f. 1 (1760). 
Perroquet de la Havane, D'Aubent. PL Enl. 360. 
Psittacus versicolor, Mull. S. N. SuppL p. 78, n. 56 (1776); Cass. 
Pr. Ac. Nat. Se. Philacl 1864, p. 240. 
Crik a face bleue, Buff, ffist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 227 (1779). 
Blue-fronted Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 291 (1781); id. Gen. Hist, ii. 

p. 247 (1822). 
Psittacus cyanorynchus (!), Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl. p. 22 (1783). 
Psittacus havanensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 342, n. 117 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Om. i. p. 124, n. 121 (1790); Shaw, Gen. ZooL viii. % p. 531 
(1811) ; Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 98 (1811-12); Steph. Gen. ZooL 

xiv. p. 106 (182:)); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 742 (1831) • Less. Tr. 
£Orn. p. 196 (1831); Wagl. Mm. PsiU. p. 596 (1832). 
Le Perroquet a face bleue, LevailL Pen: pi. 122 (1805). 
Psittacus cyanopis, Vieill. N D. xxv. p. 325 (1817); id. Erie. Metk. 

iii. p. 1372 (1823). 
Chrysotis havanensis, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837); G.R. Gr. Gen. 
B. ii. p. 422, n. 15 (1846); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 357 (1868), 
Chrysotis cyanorhynchus, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 20 (1849). 
Oenochrus havanensis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 151, n. 83. 
Onochrus havanensis, Bp. Naumannia^ 1856, Consp. PsiU. n. 104. 
Chrysotis cyanorhyncha, G. R. Gr. List PsiU. Brit. Mus. p. 84 
(1859). 

17. CHRYSOTIS. 
277 
Amazona cyanorhyncha, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 50 (1864); 

id. op. cit. Mevue, p. 26 (1874). 
Ghrysotis cyanops, Finsch, Fapag. ii. p. 523 (1868). 
Ghrysotis cyanopsis, Finsch, Fapag. ii. p. 962 (1868): Gieb. Thes. 

Om. i. p. 681 (1872): Sclat. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, 

n. 7 (1873). 
Genochrus versicolor, G. F. Gr. Rand-list. ii. p. 1C5. n. 8344 
(1870). 
Chrvsotis bougueti, Sclat (nee Bechst) F. Z. 8. 1874, pp. 323, 324, 
1875, p. 61, pi. xi., pp. 316, 685; id. List Vert. An. 1877, p. 263, 
1879, p. 300; Allen, Bull. Nittt. Orn. Club, v. p. 169 (1880). 

Ghrysotis versicolor. Sclat. F. Z. S. 1881, p. 627; id, Ihis, 1881, 

p. 414; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 348 (1883)• Cory, List B. 
West Lnd. p. 20 (1885); id. Auk, 1886, p. 463; id. Birds W. Ind. 
p. 186 (1889) ; Sclat. P. Z.S. 1889, pp. 327, 395; Marsh. Fapag. 
p. 55 (1889); Sclat. Ibis, 1889, p. 565. 
Androglossa versicolor, 
Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 369 (Consjh 
Fsitt. p. 209); id. VogelUld. Nachtr. 121 (1883). 

Adult male. Green, the feathers strongly edged with black, especially 
on the upper parts; sinciput, sides of the head, and throat 
blue ; forehead, lores, and cheeks tinged with purple : a broad red 
band across the lower throat: breast and abdomen yellowish green, 
each feather near the black edge and on the concealed base dull pale 
red; upper and under tail-coverts yellow-green; metacarpal edge 
yellowish green ; a red wing-speculum, formed by the bases of the 
outer webs of the first three or four secondaries; first primary 
black, the remainder black with outer webs towards the bases deep 
blue, like the primary-coverts ; the outermost secondaries blue near 
the tips, the inner ones green ; smaller under wing-coverts yellowish 
green, the greater ones and bases of inner webs of the quills below 
verditer-blue; tail with a broad green-yellow band at the tip, the 
central feathers green except at the tip, the lateral feathers with the 
basal half of the outer webs blue, deeper on the outer tail-feather, and 
with a red spot at the very base of the inner webs of the first three 
feathers ; tail below towards the base black, with a red spot at the 
base of the inner webs of the outer three feathers: bill horn-
blackish, with the' base of the upper mandible yellowish; iris 
orange. Total length about 16*5 inches, wing 10*2, tail 6-5, bill 

1*4, tarsus 0-7. 
Hob. St. Lucia, "W. Indies. 
a. Ad. sk. Antilles. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, "W. Indies (Semper). Sclater Col. 
c. d. 5 ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. Indies (Zoological Sclater Coll. 
Society). 

5. Ghrysotis "bouquet!. 
Blue-faced Green Parrot, Edio. Glean, v. pi. 230 (1758); Lath, Syn. 

i. p. 293, n. 96 (1781), 
Psittacus arausiacus (!), Mull S. N. Sappl. p. 79, n. 63 (1776) ; 
Cass. Fr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Fhilad. 1864, p. 240. 
Psittacus 
autumnalis, var. ft Gm. 8. N. p. 345 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Om. I p. 124 (1790). 

27 8 
PSITTACIDJB. 

Le Perroquet Bouquet, Zevaill. Terr. pi. 135 (1805). 

Psittacus bouqueti, Bechst Lath. Uebers. p. 99, n. 167 (1811); KuJd, 

Consp. Psitt p. 76 (1820); Desm. Diet /&. Nat. xxxix. p. 101 

(1826); Wagl Mon. Psitt p. 503 (1832) ; Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. 

t. 54. 
Psittacus cserulifVons, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii, p. 515 (1811); Cuv. 
Rkpi. An. i. p. 464, note (1829); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 741 (1831). 

? Psittacus autimmalis, var., Vieill. N. I), xxv. p. 320 (1817). 

Autumnal Parrot, var. A, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii. p. 24lJ (1822). 

Psittacus cyaneocapillus, Vieill. JSnc. Meth. iii. p. 1373, pi. 229. £. 1 

(1823) ; "Barm, tiytt. TJeb. ii. p. 180 (note) (1656)._ 

Chrysotis cyanocephalus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 

Chrysotis bouqueti, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 11 (1846)*; 

Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, n. 101; id. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 96; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 81 
(1859); Finsch Papag. ii. p. o55 (1868); Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 266 
(note) (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 080 (1872); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1881, 

p. 627 ; id. Ibis, 1881, pp. 412, 414; Cory, List Birds W. Iml p. 20 
(1885); id. Auk, 1886, p. 462; id. Birds W. Ind. p. 185 (1880); 
Sclat P. Z. S. 1889, pp. 326, 327; id. Ibis, 1889, p. 505. 
Chrysotis arausiaca, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 165, n. 8339 (1870)* 

Clirysotis nichollsi, Later. Pr. U.S. Nat Mus. iii. p. 254 (1880); 

Sclat P. Z. S. 1881, p. 627; id. Ibis, 1881, p. 413; Rclmw. u. Schal. 

Journ.f. Orn. 1883, p. 417. 

Androglossa 
bouqueti, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 370 {Consp. 
Psitt. p. 210); id. Vogelbild, Nachtr. 122 (1883). 

Adult male. Green, the feathers edged with Mack; face or fore


head, lores, periophthalmic region, anterior part of the cheeks, and 

throat purple-blue; a red spot on the middle of the lower throat; 

upper and under tail-coverts yellow-green; primary-coverts very 

dark green, nearly black, with a blue tinge at the tip ; first primary 

entirely black, the others with the bases of the outer webs deep 

blue, slightly tinged with green on the edges; a red wing-speculum 

at the base of the outer webs of the first three secondaries; 

secondaries with a blue tinge near the tips; under wing-coverts 

green, the greater ones verditer-green; inner webs of the quills 

below verditer-blue : tail green, with a broad green-yellow band at 

the tip of the lateral feathers, central feathers with narrow green-

yellow tips; the four first tail-feathers with the bases of the 

inner webs red, the outer feather edged with blue at the base of the 

outer web; tail underneath yellow-green at the apical half, green at 

the basal half, the inner webs of the lateral feathers with red 

bases : bill light horn-colour, with the base of the upper mandible 

yellowish; feet dusky. Total length about 16 inches, wing 9-5, 

tail 5-5, bill 1-35, tarsus 0*75. 

Hah. Dominica, W. Indies. 

Obs. Some specimens have the primary-coverts decidedly green. 

a. Ad. sk. Dominica (Ober). Purchased 
b. Ad. sk. Dominica (Obei-). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
* G. R. Gray, among the synonyms, quotes P. pileatus, Cuv., but the bird 
go named in the Kegne Anim."i. p. 465 (note) is Psittacus caica, Lath. 
17. CHursoTis. 
279 

J i A + A i 5ommica(0^.). Sclater Coll. 
tf, <?. d ad. et ad. sk. Dominica, June (Bamage), Brit. Assoc. [P.! 
/. Ad. ak. Dominica (Angas). Sclater Coll. 

6. Clirysotis guatemalae. 
Psittacus nov. sp. ex Guatemala, Marti. Verz. Brem. Samml p. 87 
(1844). 
r 

Clirysotis P, Bclat $ Bah. Ibis, 1859, p. 138. 

Chrysotis guatemate, Hartl in Mus. Brem.; JSWO*. Ibis, 1860, p. 44; 

id. P. Z. S. I860, p. 253; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 353, n. 2107 (1862): 

PWe/e, Po/x^. u. p. 562, t. 4 (1868) ; Bclat. % Bah. P. Z. S. 

1870, p. 837; Bclat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 896; G. M. Or. Hand-list. ii. 

p. 165, n. 8335 (1870); Bah. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 98 (part.) ; Latvr. 
Ifas, 1871, p. 250; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i.p. 082 (1872); Bclat. $ Baiv. 
JSomenel Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 21 (part.) (1873)'; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 61, 1878, p. 1018; Bchno. Vogelbild. t. xix. f. 2 (187883); 
Bclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 349 (1883): ? Nutting, Br. 
U.S. Kat. Mus. vi. p. 395 (Nicaragua) (1883). 
Chrysotis pulvemlenta, Lawr. (nee Gm.) Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 131 
(1868); Frantz. 
Jour. f. Oni. 1869, p. 365; Balv. Ibis, 1870, 

p. 113. 
> v > , > 
Amazona 
guatemal®, ScJileg. Mus. B.-B., Psittaci, Heme, p. 27 
(1874); Midgio. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 587 (1887). 
Androglossa guatemalse, Rchiw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 367 (Co72sp. 
Bditt. p. 207). 

Adult male. Green, upper parts mealy; pileum and superciliary 
band bluish ; occiput with a slight lilac-grey tinge; feathers of the 
hirfd neck edged with blackish; cheeks and underparts yellowish 
green; a red speculum on the wing at the base of the first four 
secondaries; first primary black, the remainder black with the basal 
half of the outer webs green, the black part of the outer webs more 
or less blue near the green colour; tip of the secondaries black, 
more or less tinged with blue ; greater under wing-coverts verditerblue, 
edged with yellowish; inner webs of the quills below partly 
verditer-green: tail green, with a broad band at the apical half 
greenish yellow or decidedly yellow: " iris orange-red; bill bluish 
black (with a yellowish or reddish spot near the base of the upper 
mandible); feet greenish ashy " (SumicJirast). Total length about 
16 inches, wing 9*5, tail 5S, bill 1*55, tarsus 0*9. 

Hah. Southern Mexico and Central America, as far as Honduras, 

and Nicaragua (?) *. 

In some specimens there are traces of red spots on the middle 

of the inner webs 
of the lateral tail-feathers, and the outer tail-

feather is edged with bluish on the outer web. 

a. 
$ ad. ak. Potrero, N. Cordova, Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
December (J. Sumic/irast). 
h, c, d. (S ad. Sources of U. de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
et ad. sk. 
Vera Paz, Guatemala, February 
(O. Balvin). 


* As I have never seen specimens from Nicaragua I do not know whether 
they belong to this species or to the Costa Rica form. 
PSITTACID-E. 

280 

e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. ~C.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Ckoctum, Vera Paz, Guate- Tweeddale Coll. 
• mala (0. Salvin), 
g. Ad. sk Guatemala. 
O. SaUin, Esq. [P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Honduras {Leyland). Sclater Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
i S ad. sk. 0. America. Zool. Soc. Coll, 

7. Chrysotis virentieeps. 
Chrvsotis guateinalse, Fruntz. (net* Haril.) Journ. f. Orn. 1869, p. 365 
(Costa Rica); Salvin, Ibis, 1870, p. 113; Selat. $ Sah. P.Z.S. 
1870, p. 214 (Veragua); Salv. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87,90 (part.); Sclat 
8f Salv. Nomencl Av. Neofrop. p. 113, B. 21 (part) (1873): Zeled. 
Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. Il l (1885). 

Chrysotis farinosa, 
part., Later. Ibis, 1871, p. 249 (Costa Eica); 
Bouc. (nee Bodcl) P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 38, 4b' (Costa Rica). 

Similar to C. guatemalce, from which, it differs in having the head 
green, with no distinct "bluish tinge, of which there is only a trace 
on the forehead and lores; superciliary band green. 


Hab. Costa Rica and Yeragua. 

a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica. 
Purchased. 
b. g ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
c. 
g ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica, Salvin-Godinan Coll. J 
February (J. Carmiol). > 
d. (S ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. j 
(Types of species.) 
e. Ad. sk. Chiriqui, Yeragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
8. Chrysotis farinosa. 
Le Perroquet Meunier de Cayenne, If Anient. PL Enl. 801. 
Le Meunier, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 22o (1779). 
Mealv green Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 291 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 


p. 247(1822). 
Psittacus farinostis, Bodd. Tail PL Enl. p. 62 (1783). 
Psittacus pulverulentus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 341, n. 116 f 1788); Lath. 
Lid. Orn. i. p. 123, n. 120 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. p. 511 
(1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 98 (1811-12); Vieill. N. I), XXY. 

p. 326 (1817) ; Ktthl, Consp. Psitt. p. 81 (lb20); Wied, Eeise, i. 
p. 258 (part.) (1820), ii. pp. 251, 252 (part) (1821) ; Vieill Ene. 
Meth. hi. p. 1373 (1823); Spiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 4:3 (1824); Steph. 
Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 108 (182(5); Voigt, Cm\ Uebers. p. 741 (1831) ; 
Wagl Mon. Psitt p. 582 (1832); Wied, Beiir. iv. p. 231 (part.) 
(1832); Hartl.yst Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844); Brehm, Mm. 
d. Papag. t. 45; Burm. Sgst. Ueb. ii. p. 182 (1850). 
L'Amazone femelle, Levaill. Perr. pi. 85 (1805). 
Le Perroquet Meunier, Levaill. Pen*, pi. 92 (ltfOo). 
Amazona pulverulenta, Less. Tr. dVOrn. p. 189 (1831). 
Chrysotis pulverulentus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 
Chrysotis farinosus, G. E. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 3 (1840). 
Psittacus ochrocephalus ?, Gab. (nee Gm.) Sehomb. Gaia?i. iii. p. 724 
(1848). 
Chrysotis pulverulenta, Bp. Eev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, 

n. 85; SouancS, Eev. et Mag. de Zool". ]":5<i, p. 153; Bp. Nau~ 
17 . CHRYSOTIS. 
281 
mannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 78; Pelz. VerTi. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 

1865, p. 925 (var.); Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 10 

(1869). 

Chrysotis farinosa, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 77 (1859) ; 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 505 (1868) j G. P. Gr. Handlist, ii. p. 168, 

n. 8310 (1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 266, 448, liii (1871); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 682 (1872); Sclat. $ Sal v. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 113, n. 23 (1873); Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 228; Rchmo. 
Fogelbild. t xix. f. 1 (1878-83); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 
p. 349 (1882); Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 69. 
Arnazona farinosa, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 52 (1864) ; id. op. 
tit. Pevue, p. 27 (1874). f 
Androglossa farinosa, Rchmo. Jownlf. Orn. 1881, p. 368 {Consp. 
Psitt. p. 208). 
Chrysotis ochrocepkala, Salv. {nee Gm.) Ibis, 1886, p. 69. 


Adult male. Green; the upper parts with a mealy appearance; 

underparts lighter green, the under tail-coverts yellowish green, 

middle of the pileum yellow, often tinged with red; on the occiput 

a grey patch, more or less conspicuous; feathers of the occiput and 

hind neck edged with black ; carpal edge and wing-speculum red ; 

first primary black, the remainder black, with the outer webs 

towards the base green, and with a blue tinge between the black 

and the green and at the tips ; greater under wing-coverts and 

part of the inner webs of the quills below verditer-green ; tail green, 

with a broad greenish-yellow band at the apical half; the outer 

web of the outer tail-feather more or less, but not always, slightly 

edged with blue: bill light horn-colour ; feet blackish grey. Total 

length about 15 inches, wing 10, tail 5*9, bill 1*5, tarsus 0*85. 

Female. Like the male. 

Bab. Gruiana, and apparently also Eastern Brazil. 

Some specimens, probably younger birds, have very few yellow 

feathers on the crown. 

a. Ad. sk. Surinam. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. 
Riocour Coll. 
c. S ad. sk. Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana, Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{PL. Whitely). 
d)£' 
6 2 a(l* bis.. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
September (M. Whitely). 

f. $ ad. sk. 
Zool. Soc, Coll. 
g. Skeleton. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
h. Skeleton. 
9. Chrysotis inornata. 
Psittacus pulverulentus, Later, (nsc Gm.) Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 11 
(Panama) (1863). 
? Psittacus amazonicus, var., Hahn, Orn. Atl., Papag. p. 54, t. 38 
(1835). 
Ohrysotis farmosa, Sclat. {nee Bodd.) P. Z. S. 1858, p. 75 (Rio Napo); 

G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 77, spec, a (1859); Sclat. <§* Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 588,595 (Rio Tocantins); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 565 
(part.) (1868); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 266, 448, liii (part. ?) (1871); 
Lawr. Ibis, 1871, pp. 249, 250 (Panama) ; Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 251; 
Sclat. fy Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 300 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl Av. 
Neotrop). p. 113, n. 23 (part.) (1873); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 550 
282 
psiTTAcma:. 

(Peru); Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1879. pp. 538 (Antioquia), 835 
(Bolivia) (?); Berl, § Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 573 (Ecuador); 
Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 220, Tabl. p. 100 (1888). 

Chrysotis, sp., Sclat Cat. Am. B. p. 353, n. 2108 (Bogota) (1862). 
Chrysotis guatemalse, part., Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 98 (Panama). 

Like C. farinosa, but larger, and without yellow spot on the 
vertex. 
Bab. Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, and perhaps 
also Bolivia. 
fl.Ad.sk. Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Gtidnian Coll. 
(Type of the species.) 
b, c, d. Ad. sk Panama. Purchased. 


e. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Bogota {Croiciher). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Bogota" (Triibner). 
h. 
<$ ad. sk. Remedies, U.S. of Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Salmon), 
i. Ad. sk. B-emedios (Sahnon). Purchased. 
h, I. Ad. sk. Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2 a<** s^*

m. Chamicuros, May (P. Barileii). Purchased. 
n. Ad. sk. Amazons. 
Purchased. 
o. Ad. sk. Tocantins {Wallace). Sckter Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Para. Materia Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. S. America. 
J. Gould, Esq. [P.]. 
r. 
Ad. st. var. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
10. Chrysotis mercenaria. 
P&ittacus 
mercenarius, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, 1, p. 303; id. 
Faun. Per. p. 270, t. xxvii. (1844); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, 

n. 29 (1846). 
Chrysotis mercenarius, Liclit. Nomencl. Av. p. 70 (1854). 
Chrysotis mercenaria, Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 10; 
id. Naumannia, 18o6,Consp. Psitt. n. 85; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1S58, 

p. 75; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 80 (lbr/j) : ticlaf. Cat. 
Am. B. p. 353, n. 2100 (1802); Fimch, Papag. ii. p. 504 (LbOM ; 
G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 104, n. 8322 {1870); Gieh. The*. Dm. 
i. p. 683 (1872); Sclat $ Salv. Nomencl Ai\ Xeotrop. p. 114, 
n. 30 (1873); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 550; Sclat fy Salv. P. Z. S. 
1879, pp. 538, 635 ; Sclat Ibis, 1881, p. 413; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1632, 
p. 46; id. Orn. Per. iii. p. 221, Tabl. p. 100 (LNSO). 
Psittacus (Chrysotis) mercenarius, Verr. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1858, 
p. 513, pi. xvii. (young). 
Amazona mercenaria, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. "IB 
(1874). 
Chrysotis canipalliata, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1874. p. 105 ; Gieh. Tkes. 
Om. iii. p. 796 (1877) ; Sclat. Ibis, 1881, p. 412. 
Androglossa mercenaria, Rchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 308 (Camp. 
Psitt p. 208); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxii. f. 6 (1883). 
Androglossa canipalliata, Rchmv. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 369 (Cbnsp. 
Psitt. p. 209) ; id. Vogelbild. Xachtr. 118 (1683). 

Adult male. Green, feathers of the hind neck edged with black ; 
forehead, cheeks, npper tail-coverts, and under surface lighter, but 
brighter green; carpal edge yellow, more or less tinged with red ; 
a red speculum on the wing, formed by the red spots at the base of 
the outer webs of the three first secondaries: tips of the quills 

17. CHEYSOTIS. 28 3 
black, more or less tinged with blue; central tail-feathers green, 
with the tips yellowish green, the lateral ones mostly red between 
the greenish-yellow tips and the green bases, but on the outer webs, 
between the red and the green portion, dark purple; the second 
and third tail-feathers with the inner webs red to the base, the 
outer one edged with blue on the outer web; lateral tail-feathers 
below green, with a reddish tinge showing through the greenish 
colour up to the greenish-yellow tips: bill dusky, with the base 
of the upper mandible yellowish ; feet brown ; " iris yellow" 
(Tschudi). Total length about 13*5 inches, wing 8*6, tail 3*9, 
bill 1*2, tarsus 0*7. 

Young, Fo red wing-speculum. 
Hab. Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 
Although I have considered the specimens without the red wing-


speculum to be the young, they do not show any other sign of youth. 
One specimen from Baisa, mentioned below, no doubt an individual 
variety, has a yellow tinge on the forehead. 

a. Ad. sk.
h. e. Ad. sk. et 
Rio Xapo, Ecuador. 
Baisa, Ecuador (C. Buckley). 
Purchased *. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
var. 
d. Juv. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia {Salmon), Sclater Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Bogota sldn. Massena Coll. 
g. Inirri. sk. x^ew Granada. Purchased. 
h. Imni. sk. Colombia. Purchased. 
11. Chrysotis amazonica. 
Ajuru-Curuca, Marcgr. Hist. Bras. libr. ix. p. 205, 
Psittacus jamaicensis ieterocepkalos, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 233 (1760) 
(var.). 
Psittacus brasiliensis cyanocephalos, J5rzss. Orn. iv. p. 234 (1760) 
(ex Ajuru-Curuca, Marcgr.). 
Psittacus amazonicus, Ms . Orn. iv. p. 256 (1760); Linn. S. N. i. 

p. 147, n. 33 (1706); Gm. S. N. i. p. 341, n. S3 (1788); Wied, 
Beise, i. p. 239 (1820), ii. p. 339 (1821); Sjpix, Av. Bras. i. p. 45 
(1824) ; Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 588 (excl. descr. av. pull.) (1832); 
Eartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 87(1844); Thienem. Fortpjlanz. d. 
ges. Yog. p. 77, t. xiv. f. 12 (egg) (1846) ; Cab. in Scho?nb. Guiana, 
p. 725 (1848); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t 49; Gulliv. P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 489. 
Psittacus Amazonicus fronte lutea, B?*iss. Orn. iv. p. 261 (1760). 
Le Perroquet Amazone. Lf Anient. PI Enl. 547. 
Le Perroquet Crik de Cayenne, DAubent. PI. Enl. 839. 
L/Aourou-couraou, Buf. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 215 (1779). 
Le Crik, Buff. But. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 228 (1779). 
Common Amazone Parrot, var. A, Jamaica Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. 

p. 285 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 240 (1822) (var.). 
Blue-topped Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 286, var. C (1781). 
Brasilian yellow-fronted Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 287, n. 91, var. E 
(1781). 

* Specimenfigured by Verreaux (L c). 
284 
PS1TTACID-E. 

Yellow-shouldered Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 288, n. 92 (1781); id. 

Gen. Hist. ii. p. 241 (1822). 
Psittacus agilis, part., Gm. 8. X. i. p. 330, n. 20 (1788). 
Pslttaeus sestivus, Gm. (nee Linn.) 8. X i. p. 340, n. 32 (178S); 

Lath. Ind. Oni. I p. 121 (part.) (1790); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 95 
(1811); Vieill X. D. xxv. p. 310 (1817); Kuhl Comp. Psitt.^ 75 
(1820); Vieill. Bne. Meth. iii p. 1369 (1823) : Steph. Gen. Zool 

xiv. p. 104 (1826); Cuv. Merpie An. i. p. 484 (1829); Voiyf, Vm\ 
Uebers. p. 740 (1831); Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 205 (1832); Haha, Dm. 
AtL, Papay. p. 41, t. 26 (1835); ? Lenny, R Z. 8. 1847, p. 38; 
Brehm, Mon. d. Papay. t. 49; Buna. Syst. Ueb. ii p. 188 
(185G). 
Psittacus sestivus, var. ft Gm. 8. X. i. p. 340 (17&S I; Lath. Ind. 
Orn. i p. 121 (1790). 
Psittacus aestivus, Tar. S, Gm. 8. X. i. p. 340 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Ora.Lp. 121 (1790K 
Psittacus luteus, Gm. 8. X. i. p. 341, n. 114 (1788) ; Beehst Kurze 

Ueb. p. 98 (1811); Vieill. Bne. Meth. ii. p. 1370 (1823). 
Psittacus sestivus, var. f, Lath. Ind. Oni. i. p. 122 (1790). 
Psittacus sestivus, var. TJ, Lath. 2nd. Orn. i p. 122 (1790). 
Psittacus luteoius, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 123, n. 118 (1790) ; Vieill 

X. D. xxv. p. 321 (1817). 
L'Amazone jaime, Levaill. Perr. pi. 92 (1805). 
Le Perroquet Aourou-couraou, Levaill. Perr. pis. 110 & 110 bis 
(1805). 
Psittacus aourou, Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii p. 508, pi. 70 (1811). 
Common Amazone Parrot, var. C, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii. p. 241 (1822). 
Common Amazone Parrot, vars. E & F, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 242 (1822). 
? Yellow-cheeked Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 240 (1822). 
? Psittacus amazonicus, var. Y, Hahu, Orn. AtL p. 54, t. 38 (1835). 
Psittacus amazonius, Selby, Xat. Libr., Parr. p. 103 (1830). 
Chrysotis sestivus, 8to. Class. B. ii p. 301 (1837); Brehm, Thierl. 
iii. p. 28 (1866). 
Chrysotis amazonicus, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 0 fsvn. 
emend.) (1846). 
Chrysotis amazonica, 
Bp. Bed. ei May. de Zool. 1854. p. 151, n. 94; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. IboC, p. 154; Bp. Xaumannia, 
1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 80 (excl. svn.); Selat P. Z. S. 1858, p. 75; 

G. M. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mm. p. 78 (18-59); Selat Cat Am. B. 
p. 352, n. 2103 (1862); Sclat $ Sale. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 753; 
Fimch, Papay. ii. p. 570 (1868); Soma, Mm. Xae. Lisb. Psittaei, 
p. 11 (1869); Finseh, P. Z.8. 1870, p. 580; G. It Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 163, n. 8312 (1870) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 22i\f 448, liii 
(1871): Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. (579 (1872); Selat. $ Sah. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 300; Sclat. $• SaU. Xomenct Ai\ Xeotrop. p. 114, n. 25 
(1873); Rehnw. VoyHMld. 1.1. f. 0 (1878); Salt. $ Godm. Ibis, 
1880, p. 176; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 45; Sclat List Vert. An. 
8th ed. p. 349 (1883); Sah. Ibis, 1886, p. 69; Tacz. Orn. Pin 
iii. p. 223, Tabl. p. 100 (1886). 
Psittacus aniazonus, Schley. Diereni. p. 65 (1864). 
Amazona amazonica, Schley. Mm. P.-B. Psittaei, p. 53 (1864); id. 
op. cit Bemie, p. 27 (18^4). 
? Chrysotis sp., TayL Ibis, 1864, p. 94 (Trinidad). 
Psittacus agilis, Lfataud (nee Linn.). Ois. de File de la Trinidad. 

p. 327 (1886). 
Androglossus amazonicus, 
Sund. Meth. nat A v. disp. Tent. p. 69 
(1872). 

17 . CHETSOTIS. 
Androglossa amazoniea, Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 377 (Consp.

-Psztt. p. 217). 

Adult. Green, nnder surface paler; the feathers of the hind 
neck edged with blackish; forehead, lores, and superciliary stripes 
blue; vertex pale yellow; cheeks deep yellow; ear-coverts grass-
green ;^ outer webs of the upper tail-coverts and under tail-coverts 
yellowish green ; metacarpal edge yellowish green; bastard-wing 
and primary-coverts green, the first tipped with blue; wing-speculum 
orange-red ; first primary black, the remainder black, with the 
base of the outer webs greeD ; between the green base and the black 
apical part there is a deep blue tinge, which is very conspicuous at 
the tip of the secondaries; smaller under wing-coverts green, like 
the underparts ; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the 
quills below green; tail green, with the tip yellow-green; the 
lateral tail-feathers have the inner web, except at the tip, orange-
red, crossed by a green band : the outer tail-feather has the middle 
part of the outer web blue; bill light horn-colour, with the tip 
dusky; feet dusky ; iris red-orange. Total length about 13*5 inches, 
wing 7*8, tail 4-1, bill 1*35, tarsus 0*65. 

Female. Like the male. 

Ilab. Guiana, Venezuela, Trinidad, Colombia, and Amazonia. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Guiana {Eyton Coll.). Purchased. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Rorainia, Brit. Guiana, January Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(M. Mliitehj). 
e. <3 ad. sk. Oamacusa, Brit. Guiana, April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(JT. MHiitely). 
f. 2 ad. sk Takutu B., Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (IT. Whitely). 
g* Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
*. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
ife.Ad.sk. Vicinity of Bogota (Crotother). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I S ad. sk. Arihueca, U. S. of Colombia, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (F A. A. Simons). 

m. Ad. sk. Bio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. 
n, o. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. 
$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons, E. Bartlett, Esq. 
, September. [C.]. 
q. <$ ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
September (E. Bartlett). 
r,s. 
S $ ad. sk. Chayavetas, Peruvian Amazons, E. Bartlett, Esq. 
August. [C.]. 


12. Chrysotis sestiva. 
The Great Green Parrot from the "West Indies, Edw. Birds, iv. pi. 162 
(var.) (1751). 
Psittacus viridis major occidentalis; Edw. Birds, iv. p. 246 (var.) 
(1751). 
Psittacus amazonicus jamaicensis, j?rws. On*, iv. p. 276 (1760). 

PSITTACIDJE. 

2SG 

Psittacus amazonicus varius, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 281, t. xxvi. f. 2 (var.) 
(17U0). 
Psittacus oestivus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 146, n. 32 (var.) (17G6); Spix, 
Av. Bras. i. p. 44 (with vars. 1-4) (1824); ? Less. Tr. cPOm. 

p. 19(5 (1881). 
Perroquet Amazone varie" du Bresil, D'Aubent. PL Bnl. 120. 
Perroquet tapirS, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 236, pi. 11 (1779). 
Common Amazons Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 284, n. 91 (svn. fals.) 
(1781); id. Gen. Hid. ii. p. 240, with var. 23 (1822). 
Common Amazons Parrot, var. B; Main Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 285 
(1781). 
Common Amazons Parrot, var. D, West Indian green Parrot, Lath. 
Sipi.i. p. 287(1781). 
Counterfeit Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 295 (1781). 
Pbittacus guttatus, Bodd. Tall. PL Enl. p. 8 (1783). 
Psittacus sostivus, var. e, Ghn. 8. N. i. p. 340 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Om. i. p. 122 (with var. i, p. 123) (1790). 
Psittacus sestivus, var. y, Gm. 8. iV". i. p. 340 (1783) ; Lath. Lnd. 
Om. i. p. 121 (1790). 
Loro cabeza amarilla, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 440, n. 285 (1803) {fide 
Salv. Ibis, 1880, p. 351) ; id. Voy. (ed. Sonn.) iii. p. 72 (1809).' 
Psittacus decorus, Herm. Obs. Zool. p. 120 (1804). 
L'Amazone male, Levaill. Perr. pi. 84 (1805). 
L'Amazone a calotte bleue, Levaill. Perr. pi. 87 (1805). 
L'Aniazone tapire* en jaune, Levaill. Perr. pi. 89 (var.) (1805). 
Psittacus amazonicus, part., Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 493 (1811); 
Kuhl, Consp. p. 74 (1820); Wied (nee Lin?i.), Reise, ii. p. 198 
(1821); Cuv. Regn. An. i. p. 464 (1829); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers, 

p. 740 (1831); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 195 (1831); Wied, Beitr. iv, 

p. 213 (1832); Halm, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 31, t. 16 (1834) 
Thienem. Fortpflanz. d. ges. Tog. p. 77, t. xiv. f. 11 (egg) (1846) 
Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 50; Burm. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 187 (1856) 
id. Reise La Plata-Staaten, ii. p. 443 (1861). 
Psittacus oehrocephalus, Bechst. (nee Gm.) Kurze Ueb. p. 96 (1811); 
Waql. Mon. Psitt. p. 584 (1832); Hartl Ind. Azara's Apunt. p. 18 
(1847). 
Common Amazons Parrot, vars. D & II, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 241 
(1822). 
? Amazona icterocephala, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 190 (1831). 
Psittacus oehrocephalus, var. a, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 586 (1832). 
? Psittacus amazonicus, var., Hahn, Orn. Atl.t. 43 (1836). 
Chrysotis amazonicus, 8w. (nee Linn.) Class. B. i. p. 301 (1837)* 
Brebn, Thierleb. iii. p. 28 (1866). ' 
Chrysotis ochrocephala, part., G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422 n 2 
(1846). ' * 
Chrysotis sestiva, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 105 • 

Q. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 78 (1859); Selat Cat Am. B. 

p. 353, n. 2106 (1862); Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 588 (1868); Sousa, Mus. 
JSac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 11 (1869) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 153, 

n. 8315 (1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 267, 448, liii (1871); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 679 (1872); Selat. $ 8alv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop 

p. 114, n. 29 (1873); Rchmv. Vogelbild. t. 1. f. 7 (1878) : Salv. 
Ibis, 1880, p. 361; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, pp. 319, 352; Salv. Cat B. 
Strickl. Coll. p. 467 (1882); Selat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 349 
(1883); Berl.Journ.f. Orn. 1885, p. 122; Selat. Argent. Om. ii. 

p. 47 (1889). J 
Chrysotis jamaicensis, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 78 (1859) • 
id. Hand-list, ii. p. 163, n. 8313 (1870). 

17 . CKKYSOTIS. 287 
Amazona sestiva, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Paittaci, p. 54, nos. 1, 2, 

3, & 4 (var.) (1804): id. op. cit. Hevue, p. 27, ind. nos. 11 & 12 

(1874). 

Androglossus aestivus, Swid. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent p. 69 (1872). 

Androglossa asstiva, Rchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 377 (Consp. 

Psitt. p. 217). 

Ohiysotis amazonica, White (nee Linn.), P. Z. S. 1882, p. 021 (?). 

Variety entirely yellow (albinism). 

Psittacus luteus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 306 (var.) (1700): Bodcl Tabl 

PL JSnl p. 2 (1783). 

Perroquet jauue, I?Anient. PL JSnl. 13 (var.). 

Psittacus aurora, Linn, Mant. p. 524 (var.) (1771); Gm. 8. N. i. 

p. 342, n. 50 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 127, n. 133 (1790) ; 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 502 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 96 
(1811-12); Yieill. N. D. xxv. p. 321, pi. 10. f. 1 (1817); id. JSne. 
M4th.TxiL.v- !370 (1823). 
Aurora Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 301, n. 106 (var.) (1781); id. Gen. 

Hist ii. p. 255 (1822). 

Psittacus oclirocephalus, var. |3, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 586 (1832). 

Clirysotis sebtiva, Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1865, p. 925 (var.). 

Adult. Green, the feathers edged more or less with black ; 
under surface lighter green ; forehead and lores blue; vertex, periophthalmic 
region, anterior part of the cheeks, throat, and thighs 
yellow; bend of the wing red, in some specimens more or less 
mixed with yellow; first primary black, the remainder black with 
the outer webs green at the base, blue at the apical portion ; 
secondaries blue at the tips, the first five with the outer webs, 
except at the tip, red, showing a very large red speculum; metacarpal 
edge yellowish green : under wing-coverts green; the greater 
ones and inner webs of the quills below verditer-green; tail green, 
with a broad yellow-green band at the tip of the lateral feathers, 
which have the bases of the inner webs red, separated by a green 
band from the yellow-green apical portion; the outer web of the 
outer tail-feathers in some specimens edged with blue: bill and feet 
blackish brown; iris orange-yellow. Total length from 14 to 15 
inches, wing 9-8, tail 5-4='5, bill 1*3, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Has no yellow on the head, and no blue band on the 
forehead, the whole head being green. 
Hab. Southern and Central Brazil, Paraguay and Argentine 
Eepublic. 

There is a good deal of individual variation in this bird: in 
some specimens, apparently adult, the yellow colour of the sides of 
the head extends only a little under the eyesj so that the lower 
part of the cheeks is green; in others the upper part of the cheeks, 
near the gape, is blue like the forehead and lores; also as regards 
the bend of the wing the variation in colour is very great, this part 
in some being red, in others red and yellow, or mostly yellow. 

a, b. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 

c. Ad. sk. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
288 PSITTACID.E. 
d. S ad. sk. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Brazil. 
Pernambuco, Brazil (W.
Forbes), 
A. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ juv. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Juv. sk. Pidia Blanca, Bolivia, April(H. H. Smith). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7c. Ad. sk.
I. <$ ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Paraguay. 
Salta, Argentine Republic,
June. 
[Jamaica.] 
Sclater Coll. 
H. Durnfurd, Esq. 
X1/. 
Mrs. Fletcher "P.". 

(Tvpe of C. jamaicensis, Gr.) 

13. Ckrysotis ocliroptera. 
Psittacus barbadensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 236 (1760); Gm. S. X. i. 

p. 339, n. 113 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 120, n. 115 (1790). 
Psittacus Amazonicus gutture luteo, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 287 (170*)). 
? Psittacus carolinen&is, Scop, {nee Linn.) Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 29 
(1769). 
Ash-fronted Parrot, Lath. Syn. i.p. 284, n. 90 (1781); id. Gen.Hmt. 

ii. p. 238 (1822). 
Yellow-winged Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 289, n, 93 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 244 (with vars. A, B?) (1822). 
Psittacus ochropterus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 341, n. 115 (1788); Lath. 
Lnd. Orn. i. p. 123, n. 119 (1790) ; BecJist. Kurze Ueb. p. 97 
(1811-12); Vieill. N. JD. xxv. p. 327 (1817); id. Mnc. Metk. ill 

p. 1374 (1823); Brehm^Mon. d. Papag. t. 70 (1855). 
Le Perroquet a epaulettes jamies, Levaill Perr. pis. 9S, 98bis (180-3). 
Psittacus amazonicus, part., KuM, Consp. P^itt. p. 74 {1&-JQ}. 
? Ainazona icterocephala, part., Less. Tr. tfOm. p. 190 (Isil). 
Psittacus xanthops, vars. a & ft, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. *>4 (1*32). 
Psittacus amazonicus, juv., Halm, Orn. Atl. t. 4-5 {1830). 
Ckrysotis ochropterus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1^37); G. P. Gr. Gtn. 
B. ii. p. 422, n. 4 (part.) (1846). 
Ckrysotis zanthocephalus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837) (ev Levaill. 
pi. 98 biB). 
Chrysotis ocliroptera, Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 90; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 153; Bp. 2\aumamiia% 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 87; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 79 
(1859); Finscli, Papag. ii. p. 577 (1808); Sotisa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 11 (1869); G. R. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 1134, 

n. 8316 (1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 266 (note) (1871); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 683 (1872); Sclat. # Salv. Komencl. Av. Xeotrop. 
p. 114, n. 26 (1873); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. L f. 5 (1878); Sclat. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 350 (1883). 
Amazona sestiva, part., Sclileq. Mtts. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 54. ind. nos. 5, 
6 (1864); id. op. eit. p. 27, ind. n. 13 (1874). 
Chrysotis lactifrons, Lawr. Ann. M. T. Acad. Sc. i. p. 125 (1878) : 
Sclat. Ibis, 1881, p. 412. 
Androglossa ochroptera, Rchmo. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 378 (Consp. 
Psitt. y. 218). 

Adult male. Green, the edges of the feathers black; imderparts 
lighter green : forehead and lores whitish; vertex, sides of the head, 

17. CHEYSOTIS. 
289 

chin, bend of the wing, and thighs yellow; cubital edge also yellow, 
more or less mixed with red; upper and under tail-coverts light 
green; wing-speculum red; bastard-wing and primary-coverts 
green; primaries black, with the outer webs green on the basal 
half; secondaries broadly tipped with blue; metacarpal edge green 
or yellowish green; smaller under wing-coverts green, the greater 
ones and inner webs of the quills verditer-blue; tail green, with a 
broad yellow-green apical band; the lateral tail-feathers red at the 
base, and with a green band on the inner webs between the yellow-
green apical portion and the red bases; the outer tail-feather with 
the outer web blue, deeper towards the base, paler towards the tip: 
bill whitish horn-colour; feet pale; iris orange. Total length about 
13*5 inches,jwing 8-6, tail 5, bill 1*2, tarsus 0*6. 

Female, Probably like the male. 
Hab. Venezuela and Trinidad ? 
Borne specimens have the lower part of the cheeks green, washed 


with blue. 

Dr. Einsch mentions a specimen sent to the Berlin Museum from 
Caracas ; I suppose that this is Messrs. Sclater and Salvin's authority 
for stating that the bird lives in Yenezuela. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. S. America. Massena Coll. 
c. c? ad. sk. S. America (Zool. Soc). Sclater Coll. 
dj e. c? ad. sk. S. America. " Zoological Society's Coll. 

1-4. Chrysotis ochroeephala. 

Psittacus Amazonicus poikilorhynchos, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 270 (1700) 
{ex Aldr.). 
Psittacus Amazonicus brasiHensis, Briss, Orn. iv. p. 272, t. xxvi. f. 1 

(1760). 
? Perroquet verd et rouge de Cayenne, D'Aubent. PL Enl. n. 312. 
? Psittacus cajenneus, Mull. 8. N. Suppl p. 78 (nee p. 81) (1776); 

Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1864, p. 240. 
PAmazone a tete jaune, var. 1, Birff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 209 
(1779). 
Yellow-headed Amazons Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 282, n. 89 (1781) ; 
id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 237 (1822). 
p Yellow-headed Amazons Parrot, var. A, Yellow-crowned Parrot, 
Lath. Syn. i. p. 282 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 237 (1822). 
Parti-hilled Parrot, Lath. Sy?i. i. p. 283 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 233 (1822). 
Psittacus 
ochrocephalus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 339, n. 112 (with vars. 
]3&y) (1788); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 324 (part.) (1817); Hahn, 
Tbq. am As. etc. Lief. xvi. t. 1 (1S22); Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. 

p. 1372 (part.) (1823); ? Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 580 (juv.) (1832); 
3£oritZj Wier/m. Arch. 1837, i. p. 581; Hartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. 
Mm. p. 87 (1844); ? Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, iii. p. 724 (1848) 
Cass, in Gillis, Un. St. Nav. Exp. ii. p. 189, pi. 22 (1835); Schleg. 
Bierent. p. 65 (1864). 
Psittacus amazonicus, Lath, {nee Linn.) Lnd. Orn. i. pp. 119, 120, 

n. 114 (with vars. j3 & y) (1790); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 74 (part.) 
(1820). 
VOL. XX. ^ 

JPSITTACIDJB. 

Psittacus flavifrons, Herrn. Obs. Zoo!, p. 126 (1804). 

Psittacus poikilorkynchos, Shazo, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 491 (1811). 

? Amazona ieterocephala, var., Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 100 (1881). 

Psittacus poecilorhynchns, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 581 (ISB'2). 

Chrysotis pcecilorhynchus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 2 (1846) ; 

bclat. Cat Am. B. p. 352, n. 2104 (1862). 

Chrysotis ockrocepkala, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, 

n. 92; ? Sonance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 154; Bp. Xaumamiia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 82; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mm. p. 78 (1859); F'msch, Papag. ii. p. 584 (16(55); G. R. 
Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 163, n. 8314 (1*70): Finsch, P. Z. S 1S70, 
p. 586; Lawr. Ibis, 1871, p. 251; Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 2B7, 448, 
liii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 683 (1*72): Sdat. # Salv. 
Nomend. Av. Neotr. p. 114, n. 28 (part.) (1873): Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1873, pp. 466, 634, 1874, p. 587, 1875, p. 343; Tacz. ^ Berl 
P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 109,114; Sale. Ibis, 1886, p. 69; Tacz. Orn. Per. 
iii. p. 224, Tabl. p. 100 (1886). 
Chrysotis pcecilorliynclia, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, 
n. 95; Souanee, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 154; Bp. Xau7?
ian?iia} 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 81; Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xxviii. 
(1857); Sdat. # Salo. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567; Soma, Mus. Kac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 11 (1869); Mat # Sah. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 300. 
Amazona sestiva, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 54, ind. n. 7 
(var.), 8, 9 (1864); id. op. cit. Revue, p. 27 (part.) (1874X 
Androglossa oclirocepliala, Rclinw. Jburn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 378 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 218) ; id. Vogelbild. t. xxxii. f. 9 (1883). 
Chrysotis mercenaria, Sdat (nee Tschudi) P. Z. S. 1882, p. 789; id. 
List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 350 (1883). 

Adult. Green, upper tail-coverts and under surface yellowish, 
green, the feathers with narrow blackish edges; crown jonquilleyellow; 
frontal edge pale glaucous-green; hairy feathers round the 
nostrils black ; bend of the wing and wing-speculum red; metacarpal 
edge yellow-green, sometimes with red marks on the lower part; 
first primary black; the remaining primaries aLo black, but with the 
outer webs deep blue on the apical half and green on the basal one: 
secondaries with blue tips; tail green, with a broad yellow-green 
band at the tip, narrower on the two central tail-feathers, the 
lateral ones with a red spot at the base and a green band across the 
middle of the inner webs: bill blackish, with the base of the upper 
mandible flesh-colour; feet dark grey; iris red, with an inner 
yellow ring. Total length about 14*5 inches, wing 8*5, tail 5, 
bill 1-35, tarsus 0-7. 

Young. Yellow colour of the crown more restricted or entirely 
wanting, and less red on the bend of the wing, where sometimes it 
is completely absent. 

Hab. Venezuela and Trinidad, Colombia, Ecuador, and Eastern 
Peru. 

Taczanowski mentions a specimen, from unrecorded locality, 
having the whole forehead and the anterior part of the lores yellow, 
which colour extends on the pileum only as far as the eyes and not 
to the occiput (?)? the wing-speculum larger, and the plumage 
yellowish green. The last specimen in the following list seems to 
resemble the one mentioned by Taczanowski, only it has also the 

17. CHBTSOTIS. 
291 
anterior part of the cheeks, near the base of the lower mandible, 
yellow. 

a. Ad. sk. 
Zool. Society. 
b. Ad. st Brazil. 
Massena Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Bogota (Crow-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
the?-).
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu,Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. 
Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, W.Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Mlingzvorth).

h. Ad. sk. Trinidad. 
Purchased. 
9> 

i. 
Ad. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Society. 
Ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. 
1 ? ad. sk. [Guiana.] Zool. Society. 
. 5 ad. sk., yar. Colombia ? Zool. Society. 
m 

Ad. sk., yar. S. America ? Sclater Coll. 

n. Skeleton. 
0. 
15. Chrysotis panamensis. 
Chrysotis ochrocephala, Salv. (nee Gm.) Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 99 
(Ohiriqui) ; Lawr. Ibis, 1871, p. 251; Sclat. fy Salv. Nomenol. Av. 
Neotrop. p. 114, n. 28 (part.) (1873) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 706. 

Ckrv>otis panamensis, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 349 ; Sclat. Ibis, 
1881, p. 413; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 350 (1883). 
Androglossa panamensis, Bchmv. Journ. f, Orn. 1881, p. 378 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 218); id. Vogelbild. in the text of t. xxxii. f. 9 (1883). 

Adult Yery much like C. ochrocephala, but smaller, and with the 
yellow of the head confined to the sinciput and extended to the 
frontal edge, where is no glaucous-green colour ; the hairy feathers 
round the nostrils are partially golden j the vertex is tinged with 
glaucous-green, and the thighs are yellow j bill yellowish, with the 
tip lead-colour. Total length about 12 inches, wing 8, tail 4, bill 1-3, 
tarsus 0*65. 

Rah. Panama, Veragua, and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Panama. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Panama. Purchased. 
Ad. sk. Panama. Purchased. 
c? ad. sk. Panama. Zool. Society. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 

16. Chrysotis auropalliata. 
Psittacus (Amazona) auro-palliatus, Less. Rev. Zool 1842, p. 135. 
Psittacus flavinuchus, Gould, P. Z. S.1843, p. 104; id. Voy. of* Sulphur, 

p. 45, pi. 27 (1844); id. Ann. 8f Mag. N. JE. xiii. p. 475 (1844). 
Psittacus auro-palliatus, G. JR. Qr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 31 (1846). 
Chrysotis navinuchus, G. It. Qr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422; n. 7 (1846). ^ 
Amazona auropalliatus, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 196 (184/). 
Chrysotis auripalliata, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxvii. 2, p. 807 (1853) 5 
id. Not. 
Coll. Delattre, p. 2 (1854); id. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 
v 2 

PSITTA.CID.2S. 

1854, p. 151, n. 97; Souance, Mm. et 3Iag. tie ZooL 1556, p. 154; 
JBp Naumannia, 1856, Cmisp. Psitt. n. 79; Souance, Icon. Pen; 
pi. xxvii. (1857) ; Taylor, Ibis, I860, p. 121 (Tigre Is.); Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 568(1868); Salt. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 99; Zaurr. 
Ibis, 1871, p. 251; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 680 (1872); Sclat & Sate. 
Nommcl. Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 24 (1873): Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 
1874, pp. 105, 106; Nutting, Pr. U.S. Nat. 3Iu*. v. p. 402 \lSS'2); 
Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 467 (1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 
8th ed. p. 349 (1883) ; Nutting, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm. vi. p. 377 
(1883); Zeled. Pr. U.S. Nat. 3Ius. viii. p. Il l (1885): Sale. Ibis, 
1889, p. 373 (Euatan Is.). 

Chrysotis auripalliatus, Sclat £ Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 138 ; Sale. Ibis, 
1890, p. 88. 
Clirysotis occipitalis, Verr. 318., Pp. Rev. et 3Iag. de ZooL 1854, 

p. 151, n. 93. 
Chrysotis auropalliata, G. P. Gr. List Psiti. Brit. Mm. p. 77 (18-"0j; 

id. Sand-list, ii. p. 163, n. 8311 (1870); Later. Bull. US. Nat. 

Mus, n. 4, p. 36 (1875). 
Amazona auripalliata, Schleg. 3Ius. P.-B. Pbittaei, p. 52 (1804); i<?. 

op. cit Eevue, p. 27 (1874). 
Clirysotis auropalliatus, Fronts. Journ. f. Orn. 1809, p. 365. 
Androirlossa auripalliata, Pchno. Journ. f. Orn. la^l, p. 368 (Con*p. 

Psiti p. 208); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 119 {WSS). 

Adult Green, head, upper tail-coverts, and underparts much 
lighter; hairy feathers round the nostrils black; hind neck, and 
often also a patch on the middle of the sinciput, yellow ; edge and 
bend of the wing more or less with red feathers ; wing-speculum at 
the base of the outer webs of the first four secondaries red ; fir&t 
primary black; the remaining primaries black, with the base of the 
outer webs green, apical portion of their outer webs and tips of 
secondaries deep blue; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs 
of the quills below verditer-green ; tail green, with the apical halt' 
greenish yellow, the lateral feathers with the base of the inner weks 
red, the outer feather with the outer web towards the base edged 
with blue: bill pale horn-grey, with the base of the upper mandible 
horn-yellowish; cere black; feet dusky; iris yellow-brown or 
" orange-red " (Sumiehrast). Total length about 14 inches, wing 9, 
tail 4*7, bill 1*5, tarsus 0'8. 

Young. "Wants the yellow collar on the hind neck. 
Hah. Western side of Central America, from Guatamela to Oobta 
Eica and Tigre and Euatan Islands in the Bay of Honduras. 
De Souance mentions this bird from Acapulco. 

a. Ad. sk. C. America. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. 3 ad. sk. 
[Guayaquil.] 
Huaimichal, Guatamela, Feb. 
Massena Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(O, Salvin). 
d. Ad. sk., var. Eetaluleu, Guatamela (O. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin). 
e. Ad. sk. San Salvador. Purchased. 
f-~L Ad.; h. Euatan Island, Bay of Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Imm. sk. Honduras (G. F. Gaunter). 

17 . CHUYSOTIS. 293 
17. Chrysotis levaillanti. 
Perrcquet a tete jaune, Levari Terr. pi. 86 (1805). 
Psittacus amazonicus, part, KuM, Consp. Psitt. p. 104 (1820). 
? Common Amazons Parrot, var. G, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii. p. 243 (1822). 
Psittacus ochrocephalns, Licht. {nee G?n.) Verz. Saugeth. etc. Mexico, 


p. 1 (1830); id. Joum.f. Orn, 1863, p. 54. 
Psittacus xanthops, Wagl. (nee SjiLv) Mon. Psitt. p. 583 (excl. var. 
a&0) (1832); Hartl Syst. Verz. Ges. Mas. p. 87 (1844); Burm. 
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 188 (syn. emend.) (1856). 

Chrysotis ochropterns, part., G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 4 (1846). 
Chrysotis xanthops, Souance (nee Spit), Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 

p. 153,* Bp. Nanmannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 88 ,• Taylor, Ibis. 
I860, p. 317 (Yojoa). 
Chrysotis ochroptera, Select, (nee Gm.) P. Z. S. 1837, p. 230, 1859, 

p. 389 (Rio Grande). 
Chrysotis levaillantii, G. R. Gr. (nee Ainazona levaillanti, Less.), List 
Psitt. Brit. MILS. p. 79 (1859); Sclat. Cat. Am. B, p. 353, 


n. 2105 (1862); Salv. Ibis, 1866, p. 195 (Belize, Yucatan); Fitisch, 
Papag. ii. p. 580 (1868) ; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 11 
(1869); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8318 (1870); Salv. Ibis, 
1871, pp. 87,100; Lawr. Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xiv. p. 271 
(1871); id. Ibis, 1871, p. 250; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 266 (note) 
(1871) ; Gieb. Thcs. Orn. i. p. 682 (1872); Sclat. $ Salv. Nomenel. 
Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 27 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 466, 
034, 1874, p. 587; Lawr. Mem, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist ii. p. 290 
(1874); id. Bull U.S. Nat. Mus. n. 4, p. 36 (1875); Rchtiw. 
Togelbild. t. i. f. 4 (1878); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th eel. p. 350 
(1883); Salv. £ Godm. Ibis, 1889, p. 241. 
Ainazona aestiva, part., Schleg. Mas. P.-B. Pbittaci, p. 54, ind. n. 10 
(1864); id. op. cit. Revue, p. 27 (1874). 
Psittacus leucorhynchus, Natt, in Mm. Vindob.,fideFinsch, Papag. 

ii. p. 582 (1868). 
Androglossa levaillanti, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 379 (Co?isp. 
Psitt. p. 219). 
Amazona oratrix, Ridgxo. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 587 (1887). 


Adult male. Green, underpays paler, with a slight bluish tinge ; 
upper tail-coverts yellowish green ; head and neck yellow, the first 
paler; metacarpal edge and thighs also yellow; bend of the wing red, 
more or less mixed with yellow; wing-speculum red; bastard-wing 
and primary-coverts green with a slight bluish tinge; first primary 
black, the remainder also black, but with the bases of the outer 
webs green ; secondaries green, with the tips black, and tinged with 
blue on the outer webs near the black tips; smaller under wing coverts 
pale green like the underparts ; greater under wing-coverts 
and inner webs of the quills below green ; tail green, with a broad 
green-yellow band at the tip, and with the bases of the lateral tail-
feathers red, the outer web of the outer feather edged with blue ; 
tail below red at the base, green in the middle, and yellow-green at 
the tip : bill whitish ; feet pale brown; iris red, with an inner ring 
yellow. Total length 15 inches, wing 9*7, tail 5*5, bill 1*55, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Female. Like the male. 

PSITTACIIM:. 

294 

Birds not fully adult have less yellow on the head, where 
occiput and cheeks are green, like the neck; the metacarpal edge is 
yellowish green. 

Hal. Mexico, from Euevo Leon on the east and Mazatlan ana 
Tres Marias on the west to Tehuantepec, Yucatan, and Honduras. 

a. Ad. sk. [S. America.] Purchased. I 
[S. America.] Mrs. Leigh Sotherhy. f
b. Ad. sk. 
(Types of the species.) 

[S. America.] Massena Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. 
Tres Marias Is., TV. Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d,e. 6 $ ad. sk. 

March, April (A. Forrer). 

/ . § ad. sk. Mexico. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. Ad. sk. Mexico (Salle). Sclater CoU. 
h.,„. iJiW Ad. sk, Mexico. 
„«.Salle rC:_. 
i, k, I <$ ad. sk. Villa Grande, N. Leon, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, May (J. B. 
Armstrong), 
m, n. S ad. sk. Sierra Maclre, above Ciudad Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Victoria, Tamaulipas, 
Mexico (W. B. Richardson), 
o-w. S ? ad. sk. Aldama, Tamaulipas, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, March ( W. B. 
Richardson). 
x, (S imm. sk. Tampico, Mexico, Feb. Salvin-Godman CoU. 

(W. B. Richardson). 
y. 
tf ad. sk. Alvarado, Mexico, DecemSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
ber (-F. Ferrari-Perez). 
», J ad. sk. R. Raneho Nuevo, Mi-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
zantla, Mexico, November 
(F. Ferrari-Perez). 


a', 
<$ ad. sk. Rio Grande, Oaxaea, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, May (Boucard). 


18. Chrysotis nattereri. 
Psittacus (Clirysotis) nattereri, Finschf Joura. f* Orn. 1864, p. 411. 
Chrysotis thalassina, Natt. MB., fide Fimch, I. e. 
Chrysotis nattereri, Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. ETien, 1805, p. 925; 

Finsek, Papag. ii. p. 603 (1868); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 165, 

n. 8342 (1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 206, 448, liii (1871); Gieb. 
Tim. Orn. i. p. 683 Q872) ; Sclat. % Bah. Nomenol A». Xeotrop. 
p. 113, n. 22 (1873), 
Psittacus thalassimxs, Natt. MB., teste Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 266. 
Androglossa nattereri, Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 869 (Conm. 
Psitt. p. 209); id. Vogelbild. Naehtr. 120 (1883). 

Adult male. Green ; forehead, sides of the head, and throat blue 
(or bluish green); bend of the wing and wing-speeuliim red ; band 
at the tip of the tail, except the two central feathers, greenish 
yellow (Finsch): " bill horn-grey, blackish towards the tip, and with 
a yellowish spot on the sides of the upper mandible towards the 
base ; feet brownish grey with a greenish tinge ; naked skin round 

17 . CHKYSOTIS. 
295 
the eyes white ; iris orange " (Natter er). Length of the wing about 

8*6 inches, tail 5*4. 
Hob. Eio llamore, "W". Brazil, near Eio Madeira. 
I have not seen this species, of which only the type is known; 

this shows some asymmetrical coloration! Br. Einseh says that 

G. nattereri is allied to C. farmosa, but that it differs in the yellow 
crown (not mentioned in the description!), in the blue colour of the 
forehead, lores, and region round the eyes, and in the red bases of 
the lateral tail-feathers (also not mentioned in the description!). 
19. Chrysotis dufres&eaua, 
Le Perroquet Dufresne, Leoaill Hist, Nat. des Perr. ii. p. 53, pi. 91 
(1805) (ex Cayenna). 

Psittacus 
dufre&nianus, Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 513 (1811) (ex 
Levaillant) ; StepJi. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 106 (1826); Besm. Diet So. 
Nat. xxxix. p. 103 (part.) (1826); Guv. Pegn. An. i. p. 465 (part.) 

Psittacus dufresnianus, junior, 'Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 79 (1820); 
Beam. Diet. Sc. Nat. xxxix. p. 103 (1826). 
? Psittacus coronatus, LicM. (nee Linn.) in Mus. BeroL, fide Kuhl, 

I. c. 
Psittacus dufresnii, junior, Kuhl, op. cit. p. 104 (1820). 
Psittacus dufresneanus (av. junior), Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 594 (1832) ; 
Halm, Orn. Atl., Papag. p. 91 (young), t. 71 (1837); Cab. in 
Sehomb. Guiana, iii. p. 724 (1848). 
Chrysotis dufresnii, Sw. Class B. ii, p. 301 (1837); Zicht. Nomencl. 
Av. p. 70 (partiin) (1854). 
Chrysotis dutresneanus, part., G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 13 
(1846). 
Chrysotis dufresniana, part., Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, 

n. 100; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 80 (spec, a) (1859); 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 266 (note, part.) (1871). 
Chrysotis dufresnianus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp, Psitt. n. 94 
(part.) j ? G. P. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8323 (part.) (1870). 
xlmazona dufresniana, Sehleg. Mus. P.-B, Psittaci, p. 52 (part.) 
(1864) ; id. op. cit Pevue, p. 27 (part.) (1874). 
Chrysotis dufresnei, juv., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 559(1868); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 682 (part. ?) (1872). 
Chrysotis coeligena, Law. MS.; Sclat P. Z. S. 1879, p. 815,1880, 

p. 68, pi. ix. f. 1; Lawr. Ibis, 1880, p. 237; Salv. $ Sclat. ibid. 
p. 238; Pchnw. u. Schal Journ.f. Orn. 1880, p. 209 ; Sclat Ibis, 
1881, p. 414; id. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 348 (1883); Salv. 
Ibis, 1886, pp. 68, 509. 
Androglossa caeruligena, Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn, 1881, p. 374 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 214) • id. Togelbild. Nachtr./in the text of n. 125 (1883). 
Chrysotis dufresneana, Salvad. Ibis, 1890, p. 369. 

Adult male. Green; forehead and lores orange-yellow, also the 
feathers of the pileum have a yellow tinge; cheeks and throat tinged 
with blue at the tip of the feathers ; wing-speculum, formed by the 
base of the first four secondaries, orange ; primaries black, with the 
base oi: the outer webs green; the innermost primaries and the 
secondaries dark blue at the tip ; carpal edge yellowish green ; 
inner webs of the quills below grass-green; tail green, with a broad 

296 
PSITTA.CED.S. 

yellowish-green band at the tip of the lateral feathers; the four 
outer ones have an orange tinge, in some specimens reddish, on the 
inner webs of the apical portions; bill dusky, with the base of the 
upper mandible red• feet grey. Total length 14*5 inches, wing 5-5, 
tail 4-8, bill 1*6, tarsns 0*8. 

Hab. Guiana. 

a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Guiana. fc Sclater Coll. 
c. d 
ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana, Sakin-Godman Coll. 
April (5". Whitely). 
(h e, $ $ ad. sk, Bartica Grove, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
October (H. Whitely). 
f, 
Jad.sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana, Sclater Coll. 
October (E. Whitely). 

20. Chrysotis rho&ocorytha. 
Psittacus dufresnianus, ad., KiiM, Consp. Psift. p. 78 (1820); Besm. 
Bict. Sc. Nat. sxxix. p. 103 (1826): Cur. Pegu. An. i. p. 405 fpait.) 
(1829). 

Psittacub dufresneanus, Wied (nee Shaw), Peise, L p. 51 (1820), ii. 
pp. 335, 341 (1821); id. Beitr. iv. p. 225 (S. Brazil) (!&:#); 
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 183 (185G). 

Amazona dufre>niana, Less. Tr. cVOrn. p. 1*!0 (1831); Schleg. Mm. 
P.-B. Psiitaci, p. 52 (partim) (1804); id. op. cit. Ptuue, p. 27 
(1874). 

Psittacus dufresneanus, ad., Waql. Mon Psitt. p. 504 (1832) ; Hartl 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844). 
Chrysotis dufresneanus, part., G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 13 

(1840). 
Chrysotis dufresnii, part., Liclit. KomencL Av. p. 70 (1854) 
Chrvsotis dufresniana, part., Bp. Pev. et Mag, de ZO<JL lt>54, p. 151, 

n." 100 ; ? G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 3Iits. p. 80, sjec. b (INVJJ ; 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 2GG (note, part.), pp. 44^ liii (part.) (Ifc71); 
Sclat. $ Salv. No?nencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 2r> (Brazil) 
(1873); Sclat P. Z. S. 1880, p. 68, pi. ix. f. 2 ; id. List Vtrt. An, 
8th ed. p. 348 (1883). 

Chrysotis dufresnianus, Souanee (nee Shaiv), Pev. et Mag. de ZooL 
1856, p. 154-Bp. Nauma?mia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 1)4 (pait); 
? G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8323 (part) (1870). 

Chrysotis dufresneana, Bolle (nee maw), Jour a. f. Orn. 1850. p. 170; 
Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 354, n. 2113 (1862). 
Chrysotis dufresnei, part;., Finscfr, Papag. ii. p. 551 (lbCfcS) * Gith. 

f/ies. Orn. i. p. 682 (part. ?) (1872). 
Psittacus dufresnii, Gullw. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 480. 
Androglossa dufresnii, PcJinw. (nee Shaiu) Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 374 

(Consp. Psitt. p. 214) (syn. emend.); id. Vogelbild. Xachtr. 125 
(1883). 
Chrysotis rhodocorytha, Salvad. Mis, 1890, p. 370. 

Adult male. Green; pileum, or the anterior part of it, red ; 
feathers of the occiput and hind neck with brown-red or maroon 
edges • lores yellow ; cheeks and throat tinged with blue at the tips 
of the feathers ; a red speculum on the wings; rest of the wing as in 

C. dufresneana ,* tail also like that of the last-named species, but the 
lateral feathers have a red patch towards the tips of the inner webs; 
17. CHRYSOTIS. 
297 
upper mandible whitish, reddish towards the base; lower mandible 
horn-dusky; feet yellowish grey; iris orange-red. Total length 
14-5 inches, wing 9, tail 4*7, bill 1-4, tarsus 075 . 

Young, Sinciput slightly tinged with red ; speculum smaller and 
confined to two secondaries; red patches on the inner webs of the 
lateral tail-feathers towards the tip much smaller and less defined 

than in the adult bird. 
Hab. South-eastern Brazil, from Espiritu Santo to Serra dos 
Orgaos, 
a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. et JUT. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
cl Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
/ . S ad. sk. 
g. Juv. sk. 
h. 2 skeleton. 
S.E. Brazil. 
[Bogota.] 
Brazil. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Purchased. 

21. Chrysotis viridigena. 
Chrysotis 
viridigenalis, Cass. Pr. Ac. Sc. Philad. vi. p. 371 (1853) ; 
id. Journ. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. iii. p. 153, pi. xiii. (1855); Pp. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 93; Soua/ice, Icon. POT. 
pi. xxxi. (lower figure) (1857) ; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 82, spec, a (1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1803, p. 533, 1864, p. 298; 
G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8327 (part.) (1870); Sclat. 
P.Z.S. 1874, pp. 206, 686, 1875, p. 62, 1878, p. 1018, 1881, 
p. 1014; id. List Vert. An. 8th eel. p. 347 (1883); Sab. Ibis, 
1889, p. 241. 
Psittacus vernans, Mus. Philad., fide Cass. II. cc. 
Chrysotis coccineifrons, Souance, Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 154 

(Colombia ?); Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 98 (part.) 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 230; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 540 (part.) (1868) 
Laior. Ibis, 1871, p. 251; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 681 (part.) (1872) 
Pclmw. Jour. f. Orn. 1879, p. 212; id. Vogelbild. t. xix. f. 6 
(1878-83). 

Androglossa viridigenalis, Pchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 373 (Consp. 
Psitt p. 213). 

Adult male. Green, under surface brighter, the feathers edged 
with black; pileum and lores crimson, with the base of the feathers 
yellow ; a deep blue band runs from above the eyes down the sides 
of the neck; occiput and hind neck green, with the feathers strongly 
edged with black; cheeks and ear-coverts bright grass-green ; a 
crimson wing-speculum at the base of the outer webs of thefirst^.Ye 
secondaries ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts green; first primary 
black, the remainder also black with the outer webs green at the 
base and blue-black at the tip; secondaries with deep blue tips ; 
metacarpal edge pale green; greater under-coverts and bases of the 
inner webs of the quills below green; tail green, with a broad 
yellow-green band on the apical half, narrower on the two central 
feathers; no red spot at the base of the outer tail-feathers: bill 
yellowish white; feet pale; iris yellow. Total length about 
13 inches, wing 8*2, tail 4-6, bill 1-25, tarsus 0*75. 

Female. Like the male. 

298 
PSITIACXDJE. 

Young. Has only the forehead and lores red: the crown green 

like the occiput. 
Eab. Eastern Mexico. 

a. 
Ad. sk. [Colombia.] Massena Coll. (Type 
of C. coceineifrons, Souance*.) 
b. Ad. sk. 
Purchased. 
c. <$ ad. sk. [Colombia.] 
ZooL Soc. Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. [Colombia.] Sclater Coll. 
e-h. $ ad. et Monte Morelos, N. Leon, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
juv. sk. Mexico, May (F. B. Ann-
strong). 
I 
$ ad. sk. Rio Comachio, N. Leon, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, June (F. B. Awn-
strong). 

m. Ad. sk. Tamaulipas. 
ZooL Soc. Coll. 
n, o, tf ad. sk. Sierra Madre, above Cindad Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Victoria, Tamaulipas (W. 

B. Richardson). 
p-s. 
<$; t, u. ? Tampico, Mexico, March, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. June (W. B. Richardson). 

v. 
§ ad. sk. Tamesi,nearTampico,Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (W. B. Richardson), 
w. 2 ad. sk., Tantina, nr.Tampico, Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
var. 
June (W. B. Richardson). 
Colipa, Mexico, March (P. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

£) !/'<$% ad. sk. 

D. Godman). 
22. Chrysotis finschi. 
Chrysotis viridigenalis, Sclat (nee Cass.) P. Z. S. 1857, p. 230 
(Mexico); ? Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 12 (Mexico) 
(1869); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 206. 

Chrysotis viridigenalis, part., Souanci, Icon. Ferr. pi. xxxi. upper fig. 
(California!) (1857). 
Chrysotis viridigenalis, var., G. R. Gr. List Fsitt. Brit. Mus. p. 82, 
spec, b (1859). 
r Chrysotis glauciceps, Hartl. MS., fide G. R. Gr. I. e. in syn. 

C. viridigenalis; ? Sclat P. Z. S. 1864, p. 368. 
Chrysotis finschi, Sclat P.Z.S. 1864, p. 298; Finsck, Fapag. ii. 
p. 543 (1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. KJ5, n. 8337 (1870); 
SaU. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 97; Laiur. Ibis, 1871, p. 250; Sclat 
4' Salv. Nomencl. Av. JSTeotrop. p. 113, n. 15 (1873); Sclat 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 206, pi. xxxiv.; Lawr. Mem. Bost Soc. Xat Mist 
ii. p. 296 (1874); id. Bull. U.S. Wat Mus. n. 4, p. 37 (1875); 
Sclat F.Z.S. 1881, p. 1014; Rchnw. Vor/elbild. in the text of 
pi. xix. f. 6 (1878-83); Sclat list Vert An. 8th ed. p. 347 
(1883) j Salv. $ Godm. Ibis, 1889, p. 242. 
Chrysotis diademata, part., Gieb. Tkes. Orn. i. p. 681 (1872). 
Androglossa finschi, Rchnw. Jonrn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 373 (Camp. Fsitt. 

p. 213). J >* \ # 
Amazona finschi, Ridgw. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 587 (1887). 
Adult male. Similar to the male of C. salvini, from which it differs 
in having the green colour darker but brighter and with a yellower 
tinge below, the black edges of the feathers much more strongly 
marked, the feathers of the hind neck with no lilac bands, or scarcely 
a trace of them, near the black edges, the frontal band and lores of a 

17. CHErsoixs. 
299 
darker red the first not well-defined behind, the lateral tail-feathers 
yrth no red mark on the bases, and the bill entirely yellowish white: 
im orange; bill dirty white; feet light grey " (Stmidmut). Total 

length about Id inches, wing about 8, tail 4-8, bill 1-S, tarsus 0-05. 
Female. Like the male. 
Sal. Western Mexico, from Sinaloa to Tehuantepec. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. $ ad. sk. 
d. $ ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
/; g, h. 8 ad. sk. 
$ ad. sk. 

k. <$ ad. sk. 
1 S ad. sk. 
m. $ ad. sk. 
n, o. (S $ ad. sk. 
p. S ad. sk. 
q. Ad. sk. 
Mexico. 
Purchased (Tvpe of 

species.) 
[California.] Massena OoU. 
,_ . (Specimen figured by De Souance\) 
Mexico, Sclater OoU. 

W. Mexico. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
.... . (Specimen figured P. Z. S. 1874, pi. xxxiv,) 
Glioix, Sinaloa, Mexico? June 

{W.Lloyd). 

Near Culebra, Sinaloa,Mexico, 
{W.Lloyd). 

Mazatlan, W. Mexico (A. J. 
Grayson). 

Mazatlan, W. Mexico, Dec. 

(A. Forrer). 
Presidio, Mexico, Dec. (A. 
Forrer). 
Presidio, Mexico, March 
(A. 
Forre?"). 

San Bias, Territory of Tep, 
Mexico, May (W. B. Richardson).


Beltran, Jalisco, Mexico, April 
{W.Lloyd). 

Putla, W.'Mexico {Retouch). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

23. Ckrysotis diademata. (Plate VII. fig. 2.) 
Psittacus diadema, Spis, Av. Bras. i. p. 43. t. xxxii. (1824); Cuv. 
Rkjn. An. i. p. 4(35 (1829) ; Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 744 (1831); 
Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 43; Stihleg* Dierent. p. 65 (1804). 

Psittacus autumnalis; jun., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 591 (1832). 
Ckrysotis autumnalis, part., G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 9 
(1846). 

Ckrysotis 
diadema, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 104; 
Soitance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 154; Bp. Nawnannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 97; Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xxxii. (1857); 

G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 81 (1859); ? Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisb. Psitt. p. 11 (1869); G. R. Gr. Rand-list. ii. p. 164, n. 8326 
(1870). 
Chrysotis 
diademata, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 545 (1868); Gieh. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 681 (part.) (1872). 

Adult Green, the feathers with a slight powdered appearance 
and slightly edged with dusky; forehead crimson, changing into 
dark purple-red on the lores; crown lilac; occiput greenish 
yellow; feathers of the hind neck green, with lilac edges at the 
tips; chin vinous red; under tail-coverts, metacarpal edge, and 
smaller under wing-coverts yellowish green ; a red speculum at the 

300 PSITTACIDiE


base of the inner webs of the first five secondaries ; bastard-wing 
and primary-coverts green; primaries black, with the outer webs 
green at the base, deep blue at the tip ; tips of the secondaries deep 
blue; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills 
towards the base below green ; central tail-feathers entirely green, 
the lateral ones with a broad yellow-green band at the tip, and with 
the base red on the inner webs and blue on the outer ones: bill 
dusky, with the base of the upper mandible yellowish ; feet grey-
black. Total length about 14*5 inches, wing 9. tail 5, biU 1*4, 
tarsus 0*78. 

Hob. Amazon Valley, along the Solimoes River. 
This bird seems extremely rare, and its range is not exactly 

known. 
a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Massena Coll. 
(Specimen figured by De Souancg.) 

24. Chrysotis salvia! (Plate Y1Lfig. 3.) 
Chrysotis viridigenalis, Sclat. (nee Cass.) P. Z. S. 1804, p."21)8; Sclat 
Sf Sah. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 308 (Panama); Later. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. 

p. 131 (Panama) (1808); Frantz. Journ.f. Orn. 1809, p. 305 (Costa 
Rica). 
Amazona autumnalis, part., Sclileg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 51, n. 3 
(1804). 
Chrysotis autumnalis, Fra?itz. (nee Linn.) Journ.f. Orn. 1809, p. 305 
(Costa Pica). 
Chrvsotis diademata, part., Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 545 (1808) ; Salvin, 

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 214 (Veragua) ; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 113 (CV^ta 
Rica, Veragua), 1871, pp. 87, 97 (Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama) * 
Laior. Ibis, 1871, p. 250 (Panama; ,* Sah. Ibis, 1871, p. 251; Pels, 
{nee Spiv) Orn. Bras. pp. 20-5, 448, liii (1871) (Rio Xejrro); 
? Sclat. P.Z.S. 1871, p. 777; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 081 (part.) 
(1872); Sclat. 8r Sah. Nomencl. A v. Neotrop. p. 113. n 10 (1873) 
(Guiana int. !, Colombia, and Panama); Sclat SfSalv. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 538 (Reniedios, Antioquia); ? Sclat List Vert An. 8th KL p. 347 
(1883)-Nutting, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 407 (Nicaragua) 
(1883); Zeled. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm. viii. p. Il l (1885). 
Chrysotis viridigenalis, part., Sclat. $ Sah. Nome net Ar. Neotrop. 

p. 118, n. 14 (Colombia) (1873). 
Amazona diadema, Schley. Mus. P.-JB. Pattaci, Revue, p. 27 (1874). 
Audroglos^a diademata, Rclunv. (nee Spix) Journ.f. Orn. Ibbl.p. 372 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 212) (Guiana, Colombia, Panama); id. Uogelhild. 
Nachtr. 124 (1883). 

Adidt male. Green, the feathers with a slight powdered appearance 
and slightly edged with dusky ; frontal band extended to the lores, 
crimson ; feathers of the crown, occiput, and hind neck green, with 
lilac edges, the last narrowly margined with black ; under surface 
green, but paler than the upper parts ; under tail-coverts yellowish 
green ; metacarpal edge pale green : a red speculum at the base of 
the inner webs of the first five secondaries; bastard-wing and 
primary-coverts green; primaries black, the first entirely so, the 
remainder with the outer webs green at the base, deep blue at the 

17- CHKYSOTIS. 
301 

tip; tips of the secondaries deep blue ; greater under wing-coverts 
and inner webs of the quills towards the base below green; tail-
feathers green, with a broad yellow-green band at the tip, narrower 
on the two central feathers; bases of tbe lateral tail-feathers red 
on the inner webs, the outer tail-feather edged with blue at the 
base of the outer web: bill dusky, with the base of the upper 
mandible whitish horn-colour; feet dusky; "iris red" {Carmiol). 
Total length about 14 inches, wing 8, tail 5, bill 1\2, tarsus 0*75. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Scarcely any red at the base of the outer tail-feathers. 

Rah. From Mcaragua, Costa Rica, Yeragua, and Panama, in 
Central America, to Colombia, and also to Rio Negro in the Amazon 
Valley. 

This species is very much like C. dlademata (Spix), from 
which it differs in having (1) the frontal red band not turning to 
dark garnet on the lores ; (2) the feathers of the crown, occiput, and 
hind neck green with lilac edges ; (3) the occiput without yellow 
tinge; (4) the cheeks and the under surface distinctly yellowish 
green. Some specimens show a reddish tinge on the chin. 

a. c? ad. sk. Peje, Costa Rica, March Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(J. Carmiol). 
b. Ad. sk. Costa Eica (J. Carmiol). Sclater Coll. 
c. d. <$ J ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. S $ ad. sk. Bngaba, Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll. 
\ i. 6 S ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. 
Ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Isthmus Salvin-Godman Coll. 
of Panama (0. Salvin). (Type of species.) 
I 
Ad. sk. Rernedios, U.S. of Colombia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(21 K Salmon). 


m. Ad. sk. Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll. 
25. Chrysotis lilacina. (Plate VII. fig. 1.) 
Amazona lilacina, Less. Echo du Mond Savant, 1844, t. 2. no. 30, 

p. 394 (Guayaquil)*; id. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 194 (1847). 
Ohrysotis coccineifrons, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 98 
(part.). 
Ckrysotis 
viridigenalis, G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8327 
(part., Ecuador) (1870); Sclat. 8? Salv. Nomencl. AD. Neotrop. 

p. 113, n. 14 (part., Ecuador) (1873) ; Tacz. fy Berk (nee Cass.) 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 119 (Ecuador). 
Chrysotis 
sp., Tacz. $ Berk P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 109,114,115,121 
(Naranchito, W. Ecuador). 

Adult. Green, with the feathers edged with black; under surface 
lighter green; forehead and lores red, which colour extends over the 
eyes, forming a superciliary stripe; pileum, except the forehead, 
lilac, with the bases of the feathers green and the narrow edges 
reddish; occiput and hind neck green, with the feathers edged with 

* This quotation, given by Lesson himself in the ' Descr. Mamm. etc.,5 ia 
wrong, and I have nut been able to find the right one. 
TSITTACIDJC. 

302 

black; cheeks yellow-green; ear-coverts green like the underpays; 
metacarpal edge pale yellowish green ; bastard-wing and pnmaiycoverts 
green; wing-speculum, formed by the base of the outer webs 
of the first foe secondaries, red; first quill entirely black, the 
remaining quills black, with the outer webs green at the base and 
deep blue towards the tips; secondaries tipped with deep blue ; 
tail green, with a broad yellow-green band at the tip, narrower on 
the two central feathers ; the two outermost tail-feathers with the 
base of the inner webs red, the outer feather edged with blue at 
the base of the outer web : bill dusky horn-colour; feet dark grey. 
Total length about 13 inches, wing 3, tail 4-3, bill 1*1, tarsus 0*7. 

Hah. Western Ecuador. 

This species is easily distinguished by the yellow tinge of the 
green cheeks, by the light but bright red colour of the forehead 
extending oyer the eyes and forming superciliary bands, and by the 
lilac feathers of the crown having pale red edges. 


a. 
Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, W. Ecuador Salvin-Godman Cull.^ 
(Illingwortli). 
26. Clrrysotis auttunaaJis. 
The Lesser Green Parrot, JEdto. Birds, iv. pi. 164 (1750). 
Psittacus viridis minor occidentalis, Edw. op. tit. p. 240 (1750). 
Psittacus americanus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 293 (1760) ; ? Gulliu. P. Z. S. 


1875, p. 489. 
Psittacus autumnalis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 147, n. 37 (1766); Gm. S. M. 

i. p. 345, n. 37 (excl. var.) (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. I p. 124, 
n. 122 (excl. var.) (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 516 (1811); 
Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 98 (1811-12); VieilL X. B. xxv. p. 327 
(second var.) (1817); Kuhl, Consp/' Psitt p. 79 (1820); VieilL 
JSnc. M4th. iii. p. 1373 (1823); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 100 (1826); 
Less. Tr. cPOrn. p. 196 (1831) j Voir/t, Cuv. Uebers. p. 741 (LS31) ; 
Wagl Lsis, 1831, p. 525; id. Mon. Psitt. p. 591 (part.) (1832); 
Hartl. Si/st. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844); Brehm, Mon. d. Papa//. 
t. 57 ; Biirm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 185 (syn. emend.) (1856) ; Sehlea. 
Diemit. p. do (1864). 
* I am only acquainted by the description with the following species recently 
named:— 
OlIRYSOTIS HECKI. 

Androglossa hecki, Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1891, p. 217. 

Allied to 0. diademata, but throat and anterior part of the lower cheeks 
vinous-red; outermost tail-feathers witli the base of the inner webs broadly 
red. Feathers of the body with no black edges ; cheek-feathers near the upper 
mandible partly with red edges; the blue tinge of the pileum and nape, produced 
by the blue edges of the feathers, inclining to dull rose-colour; tip of 
the tail yellow-green: upper inaudible yellow, with the edges and tip, like the 
lower mandible, blackish ; feet grey. 

Hob. Colombia (?). 
Obs. The type is a bird living in the Zoological G-ardens of Berlin. The dull 

rose tinge of the feathers of the pileum and nape seems to ally this speeies to 

0. Ulaoina. 
17 . CHRYSOTIS. 
303 
Blue-faced Parrot, var. B, Autumnal Parrot, Lath. Syn. i, p. 293 

(1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 248 (1822;. 

Le Perroquet a joues orangees, Leva-ill. Perr. pL 111 (1805). 

Psittacus aurantius, Vieill. N.I), xxv. p. 325 (1817): id. Enc. Meth. 

iii. p. 1373 (1823). 
Chrysotis autumnalis, 
Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837); Q. B. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 9 (syn. emend.) (1846) ; Bp. Bev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 102 (excl. syn.); Souanci, Bev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1856, p. 154 ; Bp. Naumaunia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 99; 
Sclat. P.Z. 8. 1857, pp. 205,230; G.B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 81, n. 18 (1859); Moore, P.Z.8. 1859, p. 59; Sclat P.Z.8. 
1859, p. 389; 8clat. $ Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 401; Finsch, Die Papag. 
ii p. 547 (1868) ; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 11 (1809) ; 
G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8324 (1870); Sclat. $ Salv. 
P.Z.8. 1870, p. 837; Salv. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 98; Lawr. Ibis, 
1871, p. 250; Gieb. Thes. Om.l p. 680 (1872); Sclat. $ Salv. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 17 (1873); Lawr. Bull U.S. 
Nat. Mus. n. 4, p. 36 (1875); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xix. f.7 (187883); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 347 (1883); ? Nutting, Pr. 
U.S. Nat. Mus. vi. p. 388 (1883); Salv. $ Godm. Ibis, 1889, 
pp. 241, 373; Salv. Ibis, 1890, p. 88. 
Chrysotis 
aestivalis, Bp. Natimanma, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 100 
(descr. nulla) *; G. B. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 81, n. 19 
(1859); Sclat. P. Z. S.1859, p. 389; G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, 

n. 8325 (1870); Salv. Ibis, 1871, p. 88 (note). 
Amazona autumnalis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 51 (part.) 
(1864); id. op. cit. Bevue, p. 26 (1874); Biagw. Man. N. Am. 
Birds, p. 587 (1887). 

Androglossa autumnalis, Bchmv. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 374 (Consp. 
Psitt p. 214). 

Adult male. Green : forehead, lores, and wing-speculum scarlet; 
feathers of the crown, occiput, and nape green, lilac towards the 
tips, and edged with dusky or black; upper part of the cheeks from 
the mouth to the ear-coverts yellow, with the hidden bases of the 
feathers crimson; first primary black, the others have the outer 
webs blue-black towards the tips and green at the base; tips of 
the secondaries blue; metacarpal edge and smaller under wing-
coverts yellowish green, the greater ones and inner webs of the 
quills below grass-green; tail green, with a broad yellowish-green 
band at the tip of the lateral feathers ; the outer tail-feather edged 
with blue on the outer web: bill light horn-colour, with the tip of 
the upper mandible dusky; " feet light greenish ash; iris orange-
yellow ,? (Sumichrast). Total length 13*5 inches, wing 8*2, tail 
3*7, bill 1-4, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Like the male. 

Hal. Eastern Mexico and Central America as far as Honduras, 

and also Ruatan Island. 

An apparently young bird from Belize has scarcely any yellow 
feathers on the upper part of the cheeks, which are almost entirely 
green. 

* The type of C. csstivalis, Bp., is in the British Museum, and no doubt 
belongs to the present species. 
PSITTACID-B. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Zoological Society's 
Coll ^ 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. 
Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Tamaulipas. SaMn-Godman Coll. 
d-h. 
<$ ad. sk. Tanipico, Mexico, Feb., May, Salvin-Godmin Coll. 
June ( W. B. Richardson!. 


i. S 
ad. sk. Tamesi, nr. Tanipico, Mexicu, Salvin-Godman CoJI. 
March ( W.B.Richardson). 
A. 
? ad. sk. Tantina,nr .Tarnpieo,Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
June ( W. B. Richardson), 
/. 
Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico. Jh Oca ~C.\ 
(Tpe i f C. abtiralisi Bp.) 

-v 

m. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Hoge). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
^. 3 ad. sk. Colipa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (F. D. Godman\. 
<?;j/;, ?. d; >"• ? ad. Vepra del Casadero, Vera Cruz, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. • Mexico, Dec. (31. Trujilh). 

5. cf ad. sk. Potrero, Vera Cruz, Mexico* Salvin-Godman Cull 
Dec. (F. Sumichrast). 
£, u. d 2 ad. sk. Playa Vicente, Vera Cruz, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, Dec. (31. TrujiUo). 

v. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
0. Salvin, Esq. "P.". 
w. Ad. sk. Las Salinas, Vera Paz, GuaSal 
vin-< T odinan Col I. 
temala, March (0. Balvin). 
a:. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz, GuateSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
mala, Jan. (0. Salmn). 
t/. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. HonSalvin-
Godman Coll. 

duras (Bkmcaneaux). 

z. Imm. sk. Belize, British Honduras. Purchased, 
a'. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (H. Sclater Coll. 
Whitely). 
5'. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (G. 31. Salvin-Godman Cull 

Whitely). 
c', d'. Ad. sk. Ruatan Island, Bay of HonSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
duras (G. F. Gaioner). 

27. Chrysotis xanthops. 
Psittacus xanthops, Spli\ Av. Bras. i. p. 39, t. xxvi. (piv.f (1824); 
Ciw. Rhjn. An. i. p. 465 (1829); Toigt, Cuv. Uebn-s. p. 744 {1831); 
Brehm, 3Ion. d. Papag. t. 37; Souance, Rev. et Mag, de ZooL 
1856, p. 153. 

Psittacus amazonicus, pull., Wagl. 3Ion. Psitt. p. 589 (1832). 
Psittacus hypochondriacus, Licki. in 31m. Berot.; Wagl Mon. Psitt 

p. 593 (1832). 
Chrysotis xanthops, Sic. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837) ; Lickt. Nmnenel 
Av. p. 70 (1854); Bp. Rev. et Mar/, de ZooL LS34, p. 151, n. 91: 

G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mas. p. 79 (1859); Pek. Verh. z.-b. Ges. 
Wien, 1865, p. 926 (var.); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8317 
(1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 267, 448, liii (1871); Scht # 8alo. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrap. p. 114, n. 31 (1873). 
Chrysotis 
hypochondriacus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 8 
(1846). 
Chrysotis hypochondriaca, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 151, 

n. 96; Somnce, Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 153; Bp. Naumawria, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. 11. 89; D&* 3fttrs tn Ca*tt>ln. FrpSd. 
Am. du Sudf Ois. p. 16, pi. 5 (1855); Hart!, Jmtra.f. Onu 1857*, 
17 . CHRYSO'IIS. 305 
p. 42; Souance, Icon. Pen: pi. xxxiiL (1857); G. It Gr. List 
Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 80 (1859). 
Amazona xantkops, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, p. 57 (1864); id. op. 
cit. Revue, p. 27 (1874). 
Chrysotis xantkopes, Finseh, Papag. il. p. 596 (1868). 
Chrysotis xanthopsia, Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 962 (1868); Gieb. 

Thes. Orn. i. p. 684 (1872). 
Androglossa xantkops, Rchiw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 379 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 219); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxiii. f. 3 (1883). 

Adult Green, the feathers with darker edges; under surface 
and upper tail-coverts yellowish green; head yellow, a "broad band 
across the abdomen yellow; on the sides an orange-red spot; primary-
coverts green; outer webs of the primaries bluish green; central tail-
feathers green, the lateral ones with the apical half greenish yellow 
and the basal half orange-red; the outer tail-feather green on the 
outer web: bill dusky yellow. Length of the wing about 7 inches, 
tail 3, culrnen 1*2, tarsus 0'6. 

Young. Green; sinciput, lores, periophthalmic region, and ear-
coverts yellow, the last with an orange tinge; feathers of the 
occiput, neck, breast, and abdomen with dusky edges; the underpays 
lighter than the upper ones; upper and under tail-coverts 
} ellowish green ; an orange-red spot on the sides, under the wings ; 
upper wing-covcrts and secondaries with light green edges; metacarpal 
edge pale green; no wing-speculum; primary-coverts and outer 
webs of the primaries bluish green; under wing-coverts green, with 
paler edges; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the 
quills below green; central tail-feathers green (?), the lateral feathers 
with the apical half greenish yellow and the basal half orange-red; 
outer tail-feather with the outer web green : bill dusky horn-colour. 
Total length about 10*5 inches, wing about 7, bill 1*2, tarsus 0*6. 

(Brit. Mm.) 
Hah. Eastern and Central Brazil, from Mnas Geraes to Guy aba. 
I have only seen the specimen mentioned below, which has 


been kept in confinement and seems not fully adults It appears 
that in this species there is a good deal of individual variation. 
The older bird seems that figured by Eeichenow; Des Murs has 
figured ono with the pileum entirely green, the cheeks and throat 
yellow, the characteristic orange-red spot on the sides, and across 
the abdomen the broad yellow band, which seems to distinguish 
old birds; De Souance and Spix have figured younger birds. 

a. Inmi. sk. S. America, Purchased. 
28. Chrysotis brasiliensis. 
The Brasilian Green Parrot, Edio. Birds, iv. pi. 161 (1751). 
Psittacus viridis Brasiliensis, Edw. Birds, iv. p. 246 (1751). 
Psittacus Brasiliensis fronte rubra, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 254 (1760). 
Psittacus brasiliensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 147, n. 36 (1766); Gm. 8. N> 


i. p. 344, n. 36 (1788); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 514, pl.;77 (1811)$ 
Beehst. Kurze Ueb. p. 99, n. 170 (1811); Wagl Mon. Psitt. 
p. 592 (1832); 8chleg. Bierent. p. 65 (1864). 
VOL. XX.
306 
PSIIIi-CIDX. 

Blue-faced Parrot, var. C, Brasilian Green Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. 

p. 294 (1781). 
Psittacus autumnalis; var. 8, Lath, Lid. Orn. i. p. 125 J179G). 
Le Perroquet a j ones blues, Zevaill. Perr. pi. 105 (1503). 
Psittacus ervthropsis, Vieill. X. D. xxr. p. 323 {1817J ; id. JSnc. 
MetLlii. p. 1873(1823). 

Psittacus cyanotis, Temm.fyKuhl Consp. Puif. p. 77 (l&20j; Stepk. 

Gen. Zoo!, sir. p. 104 (1826); 'Yoigt, Cur. Uebers. p. 741 (1831); 

JBrehn, Mon. d. Papag. t. 55; Burm. Sg<t. Ueb. ii. p. 185 (note) 

(1856). 

Psittacus eiTthrurus, KuM, Consp. Psitt. p. 77 (1520); Steph. Gen. 

Zool sir. p. 104 (1826); Wagl Mon. PJtt p. 593 (1832). 

Autumnal Parrot, var. C, Lath. Gen. JHht. ii. p._249 (1822). 

Ckrysotis cyanotis, 8w. Class. B. iL p. 301 (lc37j. 

Chrysotis brasiliensis, G. R, Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 10 (1846); 

Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, n. 99; id. Xaittaanma, 
1856, Consjx Psitt. n. 95; G. It Gr. Li4 Putt. Brit. Mas, p. 81 
(1859) ; Finsch. Papag. ii. p. 533 (WJS): &V/w, Mm. Sac. 
Lisb. Pbittaci, p.' 11 (1809); G. B. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 105. n. 8338 
(1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 205,448, liii {18711; Gieb. Thes. Or a. 

ii. p. 681 (1872); Mat. $8ah. Nomencl. Av. Xeotrop. p. 113, n. 12 
(1873). 
Chrysotis erytlirurus, G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 12 (1^40). 
Chrysotis erythrura, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1^54, p. 151, n. 103; 

id. JNamnannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt, n. 101; G. K. Gr. List P>Ut. 
Brit. Mas. p. 81(1859); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 335 (180^; G. 

B. Gr. JEand-list, ii. p. 165, n. 8340 (1870); Pels. Orn. Bra*. 
i. p. 265 (note) (1871); Giek Tkes. Orn. i. p. 682 (1872); Mat. 
P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 438, 834, 1880, p. 23, pi. ii.; id. IMs, 18bl, 
p. 412; id. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 347 (1883); id. P. Z. #. 
1884, p. 562. 
Aaiazona brasiliensis, Sehleg. Mas. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 57 (1864); 
id. op. cit. JRevue> p. 28 (1874). 
Androglosba brasiliensis, JRehm. Jour a. f. Orn. 1831, p. 371 (Cbnsp. 
Psitt. p. 211); id. Vogelbild. Xachtr. 123 tlb^5)._ 
Androglossa 
erythrura, Bclmw. Jovrn. f. Orn. lbSl, p. 371 (Consp* 
Psitt p. 211); id. Vogelbild. I. xxxii. f. 1 (lb*8). 

Adult male. Green, edges of the feathers biick, under surface 
lighter green, under tail-coverts yellowish green; binciput and 
lores pink-red; feathers of trie vertex slightly yellowish; cheeks, 
ear-coverts, and chin publish, with the tips of the feathers purple-
blue; metacarpal edge pink-red ; upper wing-coverts and innermost 
green secondaries with paler or yellowish-green edges; primary-
coverts green like the "bases of the outer webs of the quills; first 
primary black, the apical half of the remaining primaries Mack 
with a slight tinge of deep blue; secondaries green, with the tips 
blue; under wing-coverts yellowish green ; quills below blackiah, 
with a slight tinge of bluish or bluish green towards the base of 
the inner webs ; tail green, with a band at the tip greenish yellow, 
followed by a subapicalone carmine-red, and by a third purple-blue on 
the outer three tail-feathers; the outer web of the outer tail-feather 
more than half purple-blue ; tail underneath carmine, with a 
yellow-green band at the tip and a dull purple one towards the 
base: bill pale horn-colour, with the tip of the npper mandible 

17 . CAKYSOTtS* 
307 
dusky; feet grey. Total length about 14 inches, wing 8-2, tail 4*5, 

bill 1% tarsus 0-7. 
Hob. Province of San Paulo, South Brazil. 
The female mentioned below has less red on the sinciput, the 

feathers of which are yellowish green edged with red, which 
colour is nearly confined to the forehead and lores; the cheeks are 
less purple, the feathers being dusky green with purple-blue tips. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America (Westermem). Sclater Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. S. America. Zoological Society's Coll. 
c. 3 ad. sk. Brazil. Zoological Society's Coll. 

29. Chrysotis bodini. 
Clirysotis bodini, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 569, pi. xlix.; Sdat. fy 
Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 2 (1873); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 796 (1877); Pchiw. Vogelbild. t. i. f. 3 (1878); Sdat. 

P. Z. S.1879, pp. 438, 834, 1880, pp. 23, 718; id. Ibis, 1881, 
p. 412; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 346 (1883); Sdat. P. Z. S. 
1887, p. 2 ; W. L. Sdat Ibis, 1887, p. 318. 
Androglossa 
bodini, Rchno. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 371 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 211) ; id. Vogelbild. t. xxxii. f. 8 (1883). 

Resembles C. festiva, from which it differs in having:—1st, the 
green colour more yellowish, especially on the under surface; 2nd, 
the dull red colour of the frontal band extended over the sinciput; 
3rd, the feathers of the vertex and occiput edged with dull purple ; 
4th, the lores blackish; 5th, the feathers of the hind neck edged 
with black; 6th, the feathers of the cheeks edged with purple-blue ; 
7th, the metacarpal edge yellowish; 8th, the bastard-wing, the 
primary-coverts, and the outer webs of the primaries green. " Bill 
and cere blackish; feet dark plumbeous; iris yellow, with an 
outer circle of red " (Finsch). Total length about 4 inches, wing 8, 
tail 4*4, bill 1-3, tarsus 0'75. 

Hab, Venezuela, and perhaps also British Guiana. 

a. Ad. sk. Barima River, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll. 
(W.L. Sdater). 
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Sclater Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Venezuela. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
30. Ohrysotis festiva. 
Pfeittacus festivus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 147, n. 3'5 (1766) ; Gm. S. N. 
i. p. 344, n. 35 (1788); Lath hid. Orn. i. p. 126, n. 129 (1790); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 521 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 101 
(1811-12); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 331 (1817); KM, Consp. Psitt 
p. 81 (1820); Vieill. FUG. Meth. iii. p. 1376 (1823); Sjiiv, Av. 
Bras. L p. 44 (1824); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 106(1826); Voigt, 
Cm. Uelers. p. 742 (1831); Less. Tr. cVOm. p. 190(1831); Wagl. 
Mon. Psitt. p. 580 (1832); Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 102, 
pi. ix. (1836); Marti. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mas. p. 87 (1844); Cab. in 
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 724 (1848); Burm. Syst. Uek ii. p. 189 
(1856). 
S08 
PSIITACrD^, 

Le Perrocniet Talma de Cayenne, D'Aubent PL Enl. 840. 
Tavoua, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 240 (1779). 
Festive Parrot, Lath. Syn, i. p. 298, n. 102 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. 

ii. p. 252 (1822). 
L'Auiazone tapixl en rouge, Levaill. Perr. pi. 88 (var.) (1805). 
Le Perroquet Tavoua, Levaill. Perr. pi. 129 (1805). 
Okrysotis festivus, Siv. Class. B. ii. p. 300 (18u7) ; G. R. Gr. Gen. 
B. ii. p. 422, n. 1 (1846). 
Ckrysotis 
festiva, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zoul. 1854. p. 151, n. 89; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 153; Bp, Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 83; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. JIus. p. 80 
(1859); Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 354, n. 2114 (1802); Sclat. 4' 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 197; Fin&c/i, Papag. ii. p. oil {part) 
(1868); Sousa, Mm. Nac. Lishoa, Pbittaci, p. 11 (lbG9j; G. R* 
Gr. Hand-list, ii, p. 164, n. 8320 (1870); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, 
pp. 554, 586; Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 265,449, Mi (part.) (1871); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 682 (part.) (1872); Sclat £ Salt. P. Z. S. 
187S, p. 300; iid. NomencL Av. Keotrop. p. 113, n. 1 (1873); 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 4:66, 634, 1874, p. 587, 1875, p. 343; 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. i. f. 2 (1878); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1832, p. 40; 
Sclat List Vert. An. 8tli ed. p. 345 (1883); Salv. Ibis, 1880, 

p. 68; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 222 (syn. emend.), Tabl. p. 100 
W h k

(1886).
Amazona festiva, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 57 (1864); id. op. 
eit. Revue, 5. 28 (1874). 
Androglossa festiva, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 370 (Consp, 
Psitt. p. 210). 

Adult male. Green, frontal edge and lores dull red; superciliary 
band and chin light blue, sometimes the vertex also bluish; lower 
back and rump red; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer webs 
of the primaries deep blue; first primary and inner webs of the 
remaining primaries black; secondaries green ; greater under wing-
coverts and inner webs of the quills below verditer-green; tail 
green, each feather edged with yellowish green at the tip, the 
outer one edged with bluish on the outer web : hill and feet dusky; 
iris yellow-orange. Total length 14*5 inches, wing 8-5, tail 4*8, 
bill 1*3, tarsus 0*8. 


Hab. Guiana (?), Amazons Valley up to Eastern Peru. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
h. 2 ad. sk. S. America (Stokmann). Selater ColL 
c. Ad. sk. S. America (Fraser). Selater Coll. 
d. c? ad. sk. Elvira; E. Peru (J. Hauxicell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Elvira, E. Peru (J. Hauxwell). Selater Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Ucayali, May (E. Bartlett). Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk. Para. 
K. Graham, Esq. 
[P.J 
31. Chrysotis chloroiiota. (Plate YIII.) 
Ckrysotis chloronota, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. 153; 
Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 84; Souance, Icon. Perr. 
pi. xxix. (1857) ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 80 (1859) : 
id. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8321 (1870). 

17 . CHRYSOTIS. 
Chrysotis festiva (part.), FinscJi, Papag. ii. p. 511 (1868); Pelz. Orn. 
Bras.p. 265 (part.) (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 682 (part.) 
(18/ 2) ; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 222 (part.) (1886). 

Androglossa festiya (part.), Bchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 370 
{Consp. Psitt. p. 210). 

Type. Very much like C. festiva, but with the rump entirely 

green, and with the bases of the five lateral tail-feathers red. 
Hah. Amazons Valley from Barra do Bio Negro to Elvira. 
Besides the type specimen, there is in the British Museum a 

second, which, having the bases of the lateral tail-feathers red, 
seems referable to G. chhronota, but it has the green feathers of the 
rump with dark red edges, a feature which does not belong to the 
immature birds of C. festiva; these often have some entirely 
green feathers, apparently remains of youth, scattered among the 
entirely red ones of the rump. Herr von Pelzeln mentions two 
specimens from Barra do Bio Negro collected by Nattercr. 

I must confess that, although T have kept this spocie^ distinct, I 
do not quite understand it. 
«• Ad 

- 
fck. Massena Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
o. tf ad. <k. Yquitos, Upper Amazons, April Salviii-Godman Coll. 
(II. Whitely). 
32. Chrysotis vittata. 
Perroquet de St. Domingue, D'Aubent PL JEkL 792. 
Papegai a bandeau rouge, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 241 (1779). 
Red-banded Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 300 (1781): id. Gen. Hist. ii. 


p. 254 (1822). 
Psittacus vittatus, Bodd. Tail PL Enl. p. 49 (1783); G. P. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 24 (1846); Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet-Akad. 
For. 1869, p. 599. 

Psittacus 
dominicensis, Gm. 8. N I p. 343, n. 119 (1788); Bath. 
Ind. Orn. ii. p. 126, n. 131 (1790) ; BecJist. Kurxe TJeb. p. 95 
(1811) ; Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 328 (1817); id. Fnc. Meth. iii. 

p. 1375 (1823) ; Cuv. Begn. An. i. p. 465 (excl. syn.) (1829) ; 
Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 597 (1832); Halm, Orn. Atl, Papaq. p. 70, 
t. 51 (1836); Earth Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844). ' 
Le Perroquet a face rouge (femelle), Levaitl. Perr. pi. 108 (ad.), 
108 bis (young?) (1805). 
Psittacus leucocephalus, part., Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 517 (1811). 
Psittacus leucocephalus, fern., Kiihl, Consp. Psitt. p. 80 (1820). 
Psittacus festiyus ?, Moritz, Wiegm. Arch. 1836, i. p. 389; 
Chrysotis dominicensis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, 

n. 88 ; id. Nau?na?inia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 92; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1857, p. 224. 
Chrvsotis vittata, Bolle, Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170; 8elat. P. Z. S. 
1857, p. 224; A. $ B. Newt. Ibis, 1859, p. 377; G. R. Gr, List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 83 (1859); Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 171; Cab. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1866, p. 190 (note); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 515 
(1868); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 165, n. 8336 (1870); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 684 (1872) ; Sclat. fy Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop* 

p. 113, n. 4 (1873); Gundl Anal de Hist. Nat. vii. p. 478 
(1878); Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 311; id. Ibis, 1881, p. 479; 
rSITTACIDifi. 

Mat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 346 (1883) ; Cory, List B. West 
Ind. p. 20 (1885) ; id. Auk, 1886, p. 458; id. Birds W. Bid. p. 181 
(1889) ; Marsh. Papag. p. 55 (1889). 

Aniazona vittata, ScMetj. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 58 (1864); id. op. 
eit. Revue, p. 28 (1874). 

Olirysoiis wtUtus, Gundl. Joum.f. Orn. 1874, p. 312; id. Anal Soc. 
lisp. JILst. Nat. Vn. p. 228 (1878); id Jour??, f. Orn. 1878, 
pp. ICO, 183. 

Chrysotib , Bryant, Br. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. x. p. 256 (I860) ; 
id. Joum.f. Orn. 1866, p. 190. 
Androglossa vittata, llchno. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 371 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 211); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxiii. f. 1 (1883). 
Adult male. Green, edges of the feathers black, under surface 
lighter green; under tail-coverts yellowish green; a narrow red 
hand on the forehead ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer 
webs of the primaries blue; outermost secondaries also blue; tail-
feathers green, edged with yellowish at the tip, the lateral ones also 
on the inner webs; outer webs of the outer tail-feathers blue, the 
base of the inner webs of the lateral tail-feathers more or less red : 
bill yellowish; naked skin round the eyes whitish; feet brown fleshcolour 
; iris yellow. Total length about 12 inches, wing 7*2, tail 4, 
bill 1-25, tarsus 0'6. 

Hah, Porto Rico. 
Some specimens have no red at all at the base of the inner web 
of the lateral tail-feathers. 

a. Ad. sk. Porto Rico. ZoologicalColl. 
Society's 
b. Ad. sk. Massena Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Porto Rico. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ . <$ ad. sk. 
Porto Rico (67. Latimer). 
Porto Rico (G. Latimer). 
Porto Rico. 
Smithsonian Institution 
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Zoological Society's 
Coll. J 

33. Chrysotis pretrei. 
Psittacus pretrei, Temm. Bl Col 492 (1830); Wagl Isis, 1831, 
p. 525; id. Mon. Psitt. p. 601 (1832); Bourj. Berr. pi. 66 (183738); 
G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 27 (1846). 

Psittacus vermis, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 70 (1854). 

Chrysotis pretrei, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 3854, p. 151, n. 98; 

SotumcS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 154; Bp. Natimannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 103; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. 

p. 82 (1859); Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 529 (1868); G. R. Gr. 
Band-list, ii, p. 164, n. 8328 (1870) ; Sdlv. Ibis, 1871, p. 88 
(note); Pels. Orn. Bras. pp. 205 (note), 448 (1871); Gieh. Thes. 
Om. i. p. 683 (1872); Select,fySalv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, 
n. 10 (1873); Berl. u. JJiermc/, ZeitscJir.f ges. Orn. 1885, p. 164 ; 
Selat. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 394; ? Berl. Joum.f. Orn. 1887, p. 133. 
Amazona pretrei, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 59 (1864); id. op. 
cit. Revue, p. 28 (1874). 
Androglossa pretrei, 
Rehnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 373 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 213); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxiii. f. 0 (1883). 

17 . CJOLltYSUIIS, 
311 
Adult Green ; head, neck, and under surface brighter; edges of 
the feathers black; under tail-coverts yellow-green ; sinciput, lores, 
periophthalmie region, edge and bend of the wing', metacarpal 
edge, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and thighs red; some of the 
outermost greater upper wing-coverts red, or marked with reel 
spots; no wing-speculum ; quills black, with the outor webs green 
at the base, blue at the tip; innermost smaller under wing-coverts 
green; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills 
below green ; central tail-feathers green, tipped with paler green, 
lateral feathers green on the basal half, yellow-green on tho apical 
half, the three outermost feathers with small red marks on the 
inner webs between the green base and the yellowish portion: bill 
yellow, orange-red towards the base of the upper mandible; feet 
pale grey ; iris yellow. Total length about KJ-5 inches, wing 8*7, 
tail 4-8, bill 1, tarsus 0*62. 

Immature birds show less red colour on the wings and round the 
eyes, where many feathers, red in the adult birds, are green. 

Hah. South-eastern Brazil and Bio de la Plata. 
a. Imm. sk. Bio de la Plata. Massena Coll. 
b. $ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 

34. Chrysotis tucumana. 
Chrysotis tucumana, Cab. Joum.f. Orn. 1885, p. 221: ? BerL Joimu 
f. 
Orn. 1887, p. 133. 
Yery much like Q. jpretrei from Montevideo, having a red forehead 
and the primary-coverts also red, but it differs in the bend of 
wing and metacarpal edge being green without any red, and in the 
lores and the region behind the eye also without any red, of which 
there is always a trace even in the young C^Tetvei. (Cabanis.) 

Hah. Tucuman, Argentine Eepublic *. 

35. Chrysotis albifrons. 
White-crowned Parrot, Lath. 8yn. i. p. 281, n. 88, var. B (1781) \ 
id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 236 (1822). 

Psittacus albifrons, Spamn, Mus. Carls, fasc. iii. t. 52 (1787); Lath. 
Incl Orn. I p. 119, n. 113 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 518 
(1811); Pechst. Lath. Ueb. p. 95 (1811); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 

p. 106 (part.) (182G); Beam. Diet. 8c. Nat. xxxix. p. 105 (1820); 
Cm. Pegn. An. i. p. 405 (1829) ; Wagl Isis, 1831, p. 52^>; id. 
Mon. Piitt. p. 601 (1832) ; G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 26 
(1846); Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 
P&ittacus leucocephalus, var. y, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 338 (1788). 

Psittacus leucocephalus, part., 8/iaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 517 (1811); 
Vieill. JST. D. xxv. p. 322 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1371 
(1823). 

Psittacus 
erythrops, Cuv. Mus. Paris, fide Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 200 
(1831). 

* This species is not mentioned in Sclater's { Argentine Ornithology/ 
312 PSITTACIDJE. 

Chrysotis albifrons, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZoollBo^ p. 151, n. 87; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 153; BJJ. Xaumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 91; Souance, Icon. Pen-, pi. xxx. (1857) ; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 359; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 83 (1859); Sclat. § Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 138; Taylor, Ibis, 
1860, p. 121; Fimch, Papag. ii. p. 526 (1868); Later. Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. ix. p. 131 (1868), p. 207 (1869); Sousa, Mus. Xac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 11 (1869); Frantz. Joam.f. Orn. 1869, p. 366: 
Finsch, Abli. nat. Ver. Brem. 1870, p. 352; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 165, n. 8333 (1870); Salv. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 96; Laivr. 
Ibis, 1871, p. 251; Gieb. Thes. Orn. I. p. 679 (1872); Sclat. Sf Salv. 
Nomencl Av. Xeotrop. p. 113, n. 8 (1873) ; Salv. Ibis, 1874, 
p. 327; Lawr. Mem. Post Soc. X E. ii. p. 296 (Mazatlan) (1874); 
id. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 4, p. 37 (Tehuantepee) (1875) ; Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 157; Rchmc. Vogelbilcl t I. f. S (1878); Sclat. 
Ibis, 1880, p. 378, 1881, p. 113; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 
p. 346 (1883); Boucard, P. Z. S, 1883, p. 455 ; Xutting, Pr. ZT.S. 
Xat. Mus. vi pp. 376, 389 (Nicaragua) (1883); Salv. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 192 ; Salv. $ Godm. Ibis, 1889, p. 242. 
Aniazona albifrons, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 59 (1864); id. op. 
cit. Revue, p. 28 (1874); Ridgic. Man. X. Am. Birds, p. 588'(1887). 
Olirysotis apophoenica, RcJinw. Orn. Centralbl. 1880, p. 16 ($); id. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1880, p. Ill; Sclat. Ibis, 1880, p. 378,1881, p. 113. 
Androglossaalbifrons,Rchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p.375 {Consp. Psitt. 

p. 215). 
Adult male. Green ; feathers of the neck and back with narrow 
dusky edges ; lores and periophthalmic region red; forehead white, 
sometimes more or less tinged with yellow; vertex blue; upper 
tail-coverts yellowish green; bastard-wing and primary-coverts 
bright scarlet; primaries black, with the outer web green at the base 
and blue towards the tip; secondaries blue on the outer webs; 
greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills below 
verditer-green: tail green, with a yellowish-green band at the tip, 
gradually broader towards the outer tail-feathers ; the four outermost 
tail-feathers with the base red : " iris yellowish white • bill light 
yellow; cere and feet dull white" (Sumichrast); naked skin round 
the eyes white. Total length about 10*5 inches, wing 6*3, tail 3*4, 
bill 1*1, tarsus 0*6. 

Young or female. Differs from the adult male in having the 
bastard-wing and primary-coverts green, with no red. 

Bab. Western Mexico from Sonora to Chiapas, Northern Yucatan, 
and Guatemala on both sides of the Cordilleras, Nicaragua, and 
"Western Costa Rica. 

The specimens from Sonora have a bluish tinge on all the green 
feathers; the forehead is white, while in the majority from the 
other localities, except those from Northern Yucatan, the white of 
the forehead is tinged with yellowish. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
c-f. c? § ad. sk. Quiriego Sonora, Mexico, Salvin-Clodman Coll. 
g, h. tf 2 a<i-sk.
April, ^ay (W. Lloyd), 
Sierra de Alamos, Sonora, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Mexico, May (W. Lloyd). 

17 . CHRYSOTIS. 
313 
«, h. cJ § ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico, January, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (A. Forrer). 


J. 
S ad. sk. Mazatlan, N.W. Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
February (F. Bisekoff). 
m. Imm. sk. 
Acapulco, State of Guerrero, Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
Mexico, September (Mrs. 
H. m Smith). 
n-s. $ ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(W. B. Richardson). 
t 3 imm.sk. Tonala, Chiapas, Mexico, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( W. B, Richardson).
M> ^* c? ? ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (G. F, SaHin-Godman Coll. 
Gaumer).
zt\ Ad. sk. Merida, Yucatan, May (G. F. Sclater Coll. 
Gaumer). 
x} y, z. Ad. et Buctzotz, Yucatan, April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
juv. sk. (G. F. Gaumer). 
a'. 
J ad. sk. Retaluleu, Guatemala (0. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin). 

U. 
<$ ad. sk. Rio Chiguate, Pacific Coast, Sclater Coll. 
Guatemala, December (0. 
Salvia). 
c', d'. 2 ad. et Rio Chiguate, Pacific Coast, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. Guatemala, December (0. 

Salvin). 

e'. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [C.]. 
/' . $ ad. sk. Guatemala (0. Salvin). Sclater Coll. 
g', Ji. (S $ ad. Rio Motagua, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll. 

sk. (Salvin). 
i'. Ad. sk. Choacu&e, Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq.. [P.-]. 
h\ <$ ad. sk. Xicoya, Costa Rica, April Salvin-Godman Coll, 

(Zeledon). 

36. Chrysotis xantMora. 
Psittacus albifrons, Kuhl (nee Sparrm.), Comp. Fsitt. p. 80 (1820); 
Steph. Gen. ZooL xiv. p. 106 (part.) (1826). 
Chrvsotis xantholora, G. R. Gr. List Fsitt Brit. Mus. p. 83 (1859); 
Salv. Ibis, 1861, p. 354; Finsch, Fapag. ii. p. 528 (1868); 

G. R. Gr, Hand-list, ii. p. 165, n. 8334 (1870); Salv. Ibis, 1871, 
pp. 87, 97; Lawr. Ibis, 1871, p. 251; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 684 
(1872); Sclat. Sf Salv. Nomencl AD. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 9 (1873) ; 
Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 327 ; Sclat. F. Z. S. 1875, p. 157, pi. xxvi., 
1876, p. 840; Rchmo. Vor/elbild. t. i f. 9 (1878); Sclat F. Z. S. 
1881, p. 996, 1882, p. 786*; Boucard, F. Z. S. 1883, pp. 434, 455; 
Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 346 (1883); Salv. Ibis, 1885, 
pp. 180, 192 (Cozumel Island); Ridqw. Fr. U.S. Nat. Mus, viii. 
p. 577 (1885) ; Salv. Ibis, 1889, p. 373; id. Ibis, 1890, p. 88. 
Pbittacus xantholorus, Schleg. Dierent. p. QQ (1864). 
Amazona xantholora, Schleg. Mus. P-B. Psittaci, p. 59 (1864); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 28 (1874). 
Androg-lossa xantholora, Rchnw. Jburn.f. Orn. 1881, p. 375 (Consp. 
Fsitt p. 215). 

Adult male. Green, the edges of the feathers black; lores yellow; 
sinciput white ; vertex blue ; periophfchalmic region, except in front, 
and upper part of the cheeks red ; ear-coverts black; upper tail


314 PSIITACIDJC. 

coverts yellowish green; bastard-wing green, with the tips and 
inner webs of the feathers edged with bine; smaller npper wing-
coverts along the cubital edge and primary-coverts scarlet; first 
primary black, the next four green at the base and bine towards the 
tips of the onter webs ; inner primaries and secondaries deep bine 
on the onter webs and at the tips ; greater nnder wing-coverts and 
inner webs of the quills below verditer-green; two central tail-
feathers green, with the tips yellowish green; the lateral ones 
yellowish green, with the base crimson: bill yellow; feet dull white. 
Total length 10*o inches, wing 7, tail 3*3, bill 1*1, tarsus 0*8. 

Adult female. Apparently like the male. 

Young. Sinciput bine, with no white; lores yellow, with some 
green scattered feathers; periophthalmic region and cubital edge 
green, with a few scattered red feathers ; primary-coverts entirely 
green, or some green and some red. 
Bab. Yucatan, Cozumel Island, and British Honduras. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Central America. Sclater Coll. 
b. <$ acl. sk. Central America. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Acl. st. Honduras. Mr. Dyson [C.]. 
d}e. d 2 ad. sk. Northern YucatanGaumer). 
(G. F.
(Type of species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Merida, Yucatan, May (G. F. Sclater Coll. 
Gaumer). 
g-e'. Ad. et imm. Cozumel Island, Yucatan (G. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. F. Gaumer). 
f, g'. Ad. et juv.
sk. 
Cozumel Island, Yucatan (E. 
C. J. Devis). 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 
JL Juv. st. Orange Walk, Brit. Honduras, 
December (G. F. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gaumer). 

37. Chrysotis ventralis. 
Psittacus Martinicanus cyanocephalos, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 251 (1760). 
Perroquet k ventre pourpre de la Martinique, IFAubent. PL FnL 

548. 
Psittacus ventralis, Mull. 8. JY". Sujpjrt. p. 79 (1778); Cass. Pi\ Ac. 
Fliilad. 1864, p. 240. 
Le Papegai a ventre pourpre, Buff. Hist. 2s at. Oh. vi. p. 242 (1779). 
Ash-crowned Parrot, Lath. Gen. 8yn. i. p. 281, n. 88. var. 0 (1781). 
Psittacus leucocephalus, var. d, Gm. 8. jv. i. p. 838 (178S). 
Psittacus leucocephalus, var. y, Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 119 (1790). 
? Perroquet a face rouge (male jeune age), Levaill. Perr. pi. 109 

(var. ?) (1805). 
Psittacus leucocephalus, var., Tu-ill. K. D. xxv. p. 832 (1817); id. 

JSnc. Metk. iii. p. 1377 (1823). 
Psittacus leucocephalus (mas jim.), Kithl, Cmsjx Psitt. p. 80 (1820). 
Psittacus leucocephalus, part., Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 197 (1881) ; Wagl. 

Mm. Psitt. p. 599 (1832). 

Chrysotis saUsel, Mat P. Z. S.1857, pp. 224, 284; G. P. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 83 (1859) j Sclat. P. Z. S.1861, p. 79; id. Cat. 
Am. B. p. 353, n. 2110 (1862); Sousa, Mas. Nac. Lish. Psittaci, p. 10 
(1869); Sclat. $ 8ah. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 3 (1873) j 

17 . CHETSOTIS. 
315 

Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 346 r(1883) ; Cory, Birds Bayti 
# San Domingo, p. 115 (1885); id. list B. West Ind. p. 20 (1885) ; 
id. Auk, 1886, p. 458; id. Birds of IF". Ind. p. 181 (1889); Marsh. 
Papag. p. oo (1889). 

Amazona sallaei, ScMeg. Mm. P-B. Psittaci, p. 58 (1864) ; id. op. cit. 
J2fii«Mfi,p.28(1874). 
Psittacus (Chrysotis) sallsei, Bryant, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Mist. xi. 

p. 96 (1866). 
Chrysotis sallei, Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 513 (1868); Gieb. The*. 
Orn. i. p. 683 (1872); Bc/imv. Vogelbild. t. xix. f. 4 (1878-8S); 
Cory, Bull Nutt. Orn. Club, vii, p. 154 (1881). 

Chrysotis ventralis, G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8331 (1870). 
Androglossa ventralis, Bchnio. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 375 {Consp. 
Psitt p. 215). 

Adult. Green, the edges of the feathers Mack; ^forehead, lores, 
and a line under the eyes white ; vertex and upper part of the 
cheeks dull blue; a large patch on the car-coverts black ; middle of 
the abdomen vinous red; thighs bluish; bastard-wing, primary-
coverts, and secondaries blue, with bluish-green outer edges; first 
primary black ; outer webs of the remaining primaries deep blue, 
with lighter edges towards the base ; greater under wing-coverts and • 
inner webs of the primaries below verditer-blue; tail green, the 
lateral feathers with yellow inner webs and red bases ; the outer 
web of the outer tail-feather blue : bill and feet yellow flesh-colour; 
iris reddish. Total length about 12 inches, wing 7*5, tail 4, bill 
1*15, tarbus 0*7. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah. Ban Domingo. 


a. Ad. sk. San Domingo. Purchased. 
I. Ad. sk. San Domingo. M. Sails [C.]. 
e. Ad. sk. San Domingo (SallS). Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. San Domingo {dimming). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 5 ad. sk. Magna, San Domingo, Jan. Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
(C.B. Cory). 
f. § ad. sk. Samana, San Domingo, Sept. Salvin-Grodman Coll, 
(M. A. Frazar). 
a. 
$ ad. sk. Zoological Society's 
CoU. 
h. Ad. sk. 
Massena Coll. 
i. Skeleton. 
38. Chrysotis leucocepliala. 
The white-headed Parrot, JSdw. Birds, iv. pi. 166 (1751). 
Psittacus viridis capite albo, Fdw. Birds, iv. p. 246 (1751). 
Psittacus Martinicanus, Briss* Orn. iv. p. 242 (1760). 
Psittacus leucoc«phalus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 145, n. 30 (1766) (ex 


Aldrov. Orn. i. p. 670) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 338, n. 30 (with var. 0 ?) 
(1788); Lath. hid. Orn. \. p. 118, n. Il l (var. excl.?) (1790); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 517 (part.) (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. 

p. 05, n. 15 (tf) (1811-12); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 322 (part.) 
(1817); Kuhl, Consp>. Psitt. p. 80 (part.) (1820); Vieill Em. 
MMk iii. p. 1371 (part.) (1823); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 100 
(part.) (1826); Cuv. Regn. An. i. p. 546 (part.) (1829); Voigt, 
316 
PSITTACID-3E. 

Cuv. Ueb. p. 742 (1831); less. Tr. cTOrn. p. 197 (pait) (1831); 
JTffjtf. Man. Putt. p. 509 (part.) (1622); Stftf, 0™. ^tf/., -Ffe^. 

p. 75 (part.) (1836); Hartl SysL Verz. Get. Mm. p. 87 (1844); 
G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 25 (part.) (1846); Denny, P. Z. S. 
1847, p. 38; Lembei/e, Ai\ de la isle Cuba, p. 132 (1850); Gundl 
Pepert. Fwco-Nat. Cuba, i. p. 297 (1866); Guliiv. P. Z. &1875, 
p. 489. 
Perroquet a front Wane du Senegal, PP Anient. PL EnJ. 335. 
Perroquet de la Martinique, B1 Anient Pi JSnL 549. 
P&ittacus gutturalis, Mull. S. X. Suppl p. 79 (1776); Cass. Pr. Ac. 
Philad. 1804, p. 240. 
L'Amazone atete blanche, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 212 (1779). 
White-fronted Parrot, Lath Si/n. i. p. 279, n. 88 (17bl); id. Gen. 

Hist ii. p. 235 (1822). 
White-headed Parrot, Lath Gen. St//?, i. p. 280, n. 88, var. A (1781); 
id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 235 (1822). 
Le Perroquet a face rouge, Lemill Pen: pis. 107, 107 bib (var.) 
(1805). 
Chrysotk leucocephalus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837); Blyth Cat. 

B. As. S. B. p. 2 (1849); Gundl u. Cab. Jour. f. Orn. 1836, 
p. 105 ; Gundl. Jour. f. Orn. 1861, p. 336; Finseh, Seel Tijdschr. 
Bierh. I Berigt. p. sv (1863); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii- p. 1(54, 
n. 8330 (1870) ; GundL Jour. f. Orn. 1874, p. ltSl; id. Contr. 
Om. Cub. pp. 124, 276 (1876); Marsh. Papag. p. 55 (18S9). 
Chrysotis leucocephala, 
Bp. Pev.et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 86 
(part.); id. Xaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 90 (part.); Selat. 

P. Z. S.1857, p. 224 (part.) ; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 82 
(1859); Brewer, Pr. Post. Soc. Nat Hist. vii. p. 307 (1860); Slat. 
P. Z. S. 1861, p. 79 ; Fimeh, Papag. ii. p. 520 (186S); r Sousa, Mus. 
Xac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 10 (1809); Gieb. TJu>s. Om i. p. fN2 
(1872); Selat. fy Salt. Nomencl Av. Xeotrop. p. 113. n. 0 (1^73) ; 
Cab. Jour. f. Orn. 1876, p. 444; Rchur. Vor/elhikl t. xix. £ o 
(1878-83); Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 311; Selat. XAf Vert. An. 
&th ed. p. 346 (18b3); Cory, List B. West Lid. p. 20 (1-35) ; 
id. Aul, 1886, p. 459 (part.) ; id. Birds W. lad. p. 1-2 (part.) 
(1889). 
Amazona leucocephala, 
ScMcg. Mus. P.-B. P«ittaci, p. 5f* (lb04) : id. 
op. cit. Peine, p. 28 (1874). 
Androglo&sa leucocephala, Ethnic. Journ f. Orn. 1881, p. 37(J (Cony. 
Psitt p. 216). 

Varieties. 

Psitticus (sic) paradi&i, ex Cuba, Cat. Carol, i. p. 10, pi. 10 (1754). 
Psittacus luteus Insulse Cuba?, Bri*s, Orn. ix. p. 308 (1760). 
Psittacus paradisi, Linn. S. X. L p. 147. n. 34 (1760); Gm. S. X. 

i. p. 342, n. 34 (17*8); Lath Lid. Orn. i. p. 127, n. 132 (1790); 
Shaio, Gen. Zool. \iii. 2, p. 501. pi. 75 (1811); Bichl luirze Ueb. 
p. 97 (1811-12); Shaw, Xat. Mhe. xxiii. pi. 1001; TieilL X. B. 
xxv. p. 330 (1817); id. Pnc.Mith ill p. 1376 (1823); Breton, 
Mon. d. Papag. t. 58 (1854). 
Perroquet de Cuba, D1 Anient PL Enl 335. 
Perroquet jaune Seattle* de rouge, Levaill. Perr. pi. 137 (1805). 
Psittacus "leucocephalus, var. y, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 600 (1832); 

Hahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 76 (1830). 

Adult Green, the feathers edged with black; sinciput and lores 
white ; cheeks and throat rosy red; ear-coverts black : abdomen 

17 . CH.BYS0TIS. 
317 
dull red, with, the edges of the feathers green ; under tail-coverts 
yellowish green : bastard-^ lag, primary-coverts, and outer webs of 
the quills Hue; smaller under wing-coverts green, the greater ones 
and inner webs of the quills below verditer-blue ; tail above green, 
with the inner webs of the lateral feathers yellowish green towards 
the tips and red at the bases; outer web of the outer tail-feather 
blue: bill and cere whitish; feet flesh-colour; iris brownish yellow. 
Total length about 13 inches, wing 7*5, tail 4*5, bill 1, tarsus 0*65. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah. Cuba. 
Some specimens show the white feathers of the sinciput tinged 

with rose-colour. 
a. (S ad. sir.
b. Ad. sk. 
Cuba. Zoological Society's Coll. 
Masssena Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. 1d. Ad. sk. 
W. Indies. 
Cuba. 
— Dallas, Esq. [P.], 
Sclater Coll. 
e. Skeleton.
/ . Sternum and scapular 
girdle. 
[Martinique.] 

39. Clirysotis caymanensis. 
<Jlm>otis caymaneasis, 
Cory, Aide, iii. p. 497 (188G); id Ibis. 1887, 
pi 123; id. Birds of W. Inch p. 297 (1889). 

" Resembles 0. hucoce^lialm, but differs from that species greatly 
in the markings of the throat and head ; forehead dull yellowish 
white, not reaching the eye; feathers of the head bluish green, 
tipped and edged with dull black; cheeks bright crimson-red, the 
feathers mixed with green in some specimens ; throat pale red, the 
feathers broadly edged with yellow; underparts bluish green, marked 
with duU red on the sides and belly ; the feathers of the breast and 
belly edged with dull black; quills heavily edged with blue on the 
outer webs, inner webs dark brown ; tail yellowish green, the outer 
web of outer feather pale blue, the basal portion of inner webs 
heavily marked with dark red. Length 11 inches, wing 8, tail 5, 
tarsus 0-70, bill 1-05." (Cory.) ^ . 

Hah* Grand Cayman, West Indies. 

a. 
§ irnrn. sk. Grand Cayman, Aug. (W. B. Richard- Sclater OolL 
$o?i). 
The only specimen examined is immature and in bad condition, 
so that I have been obliged to copy Cory's description. 

40. Clirysotis fcakameiisis. 
Psittacus 
(Clirysotis) collarius (var. bahamensis), Bryant, Br. Bost. 
Soo. Nat. Hist xi. p. 65 (1866). 
Clirysotis collaria, Cory (nee Linn.), Birds Bahama Isl. p. V23 (1880) j 
Bode, Journ.f. Orn. 188$, p. 107. 

PSITTACIDJE* 

318 

Clirysotis leucocepkala, part., Cory, Auk, 1886, p. 459; id. Birds of 

W. Ind. p. 182 (1889). 
Clirysotis bahainensis, Cory, Auk, 1886, p. 460; id. B. of W. Ind. 
p. 183 (1889). 
" The Bahama bird differs from the above~((7. leucocephala) by 
showin0, very little red on the belly, sometimes nearly absent; more 
red on the crissum and under wing-coverts (!); tail bluish green, 
the red markings shown only on the two outer feathers/' {Oorym) 

Hob. Fortune Island, Acklin Island, and Inagua, Bahamas. 

41. Chxysotis collaria. 
Psittacus minor, collo miniaceo, Shane, Vmj. of Jam. ii. p. 207. 
Pbittacus Jamaicensis gutture rtibro, Briss. Orn. iy. p. 241 (170(3). 
Psittacus collarius, Linn. S. N. i. p. 149, n. 42 (1766) ; Gm. S. XL 

p 347, n. 42 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. I p. 128, n. 130 (1790) ; 
Bechst Kurse Ueb. p. 104 (1811-12); VieilL X D. xxv. p. 330 
(1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 95 (1820). 

Red-throated Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 303, n. 109 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist ii. p. 260 (1822). 

Psittacus leueocephalus, part., Shaw, Gen. ZooL viii. 2, p. 517, pi 78 
(1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 95 (1811); KuM, Consp. Psitt. ^. 80 
(1820); Waal. Mon. Psitt. p. 600 (1832); Halm, Orn. Atl, Papag. 

p. 76 (1830); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 23 (1846). 
Pionus vinaceicollis, Lafr. Per. ZooL 1846, p. 321. 
Psittacus leueocephalus, Gosse (nee Linn.), B. of Jam. p. 2ij9 (1^17). 
Psittacus vinaceicollis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 20 (164U). 
Bp. 

1857, p. 224 (part). 
Clirysotis vinaceicollis, Sclat P. Z. S. 18o7, p. 2*2*5. 
Chrvsotis collaria, G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit 3Ius. p. 83 (1859) ; 

Sclat P. Z. S. 1861, p. 79; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 353, n. 2111 (1802); 
Albr. Joum.f. Orn. 1862, p. 203; March, Pr. An. Nat. Sc. Philad. 
1863, p. 284; Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 517 (IfcOa): G. R. Gi\ 
Hand-list, ii. p. 104, n. 8332 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. I p. 681 
(187°) ; Sclat fy Salt. Xomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 5 (1873); 
Garr. P.Z.S. 1874, p. 587; A. § E. NezoL HandL Jam. p. 110 
(1881); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 346 (1883); Cory, List 
B West Ind. p. 20 (1885); id. Auk, 1886, p. 459; id. Birds W. 
Ind. p. 182 (1889); Marsh. Papag. p. 55 (1889). 

Androglossa collaria, Rchnic. Journ. f Orn. 1881, p. 876 (Comp. 
Psitt. p. 2l6) j id. Togelbild. Nachtr. 126 (1883). 

Adtdt. Green, the feathers of the occiput and nape distinctly 
edged with black; forehead white, vertex tinged with bine; neck, 
cheeks, and throat dull reddish ; feathers of the neck with a green 
band near the black edges ; a white line borders the cheeks below 
the eyes ; upper part of the cheeks tinged with bluish green, the 
feathers of the cheeks edged with green; upper and under tail-
coverts yellowish green; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer 
webs of the quills blue, paler than in C. leucosiphala ; secondaries 
edged with green on the outer webs ; under wing-coverts and inner 

17 . CHRYSOTIS. 
319 

webs of the quills below green; tail green, with the tip yellow-
green ; the lateral tail-feathers with the inner web yellow on the 
apical half, red on the basal one; outer tail-feathers blue on the 
outer web : bill and cere whitish; feet flesh-colour or ochraceous. 
Total length about 12 inches, wing 7*3, tail 4'3, bill PI, tarsus 
0*65. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah. Jamaica. 


a. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Gosse [C.]. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Jamaica (Osbum). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Monegue, Jamaica (0. 8al- Salvin-Qodman Coll. 
vin). 
d. $ ad. sk. Spanishtown, Jamaica, Mar. Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
(W. T. March). 
e. $ ad. sk. Near Spanishtown, Jamaica, Smithsonian Institution 
January (W. T. March). [P.] 
f. g* <$ ad. sk. Jamaica. Zoological Society's Coll. 
42. Chrysotis agilis. 
The Little Green Parrot, Edio. Birds, iv. pi. 1G8 (1751). 
Psittacus minor viridis, Edio. Birds, iv. p. 246 (1751). 
P&ittacus Oavanensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 287 (1760). 
Psittacus agilis, Linn. &. N. i. p. 143, n. 20 (1766); Gm. S. N. i. 


p. 330, n. 20 (syn. emend.; 1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 106, 
n. 73 (1790); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 82, t. 17 (1811); Vieill N. 
D. xxv. p. 324 (1817) ; id. Enc. Metk iii. p. 1372 (1823); Wagl. 
Man. Psitt. p. 597 (1832); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 23 
(1846); Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 266 (1847). 
Agile Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 297, n. 101 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 195, withvar. A (1822). 
Le Petit Perroquet vert, Levaill. Perr. pi. 105 (1805); Vieill N. 
B. xxv. p. 314 (1817). 
Psittacus signatus, Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 510 (1811); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt p. 71 (1820); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 102 (1826) ; 
Voiyt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 739 (1831). 

Psittacus virescens, Beclist. (nee Linn.) Kurze Ueb. p. 99 (1811-12). 
Psittacus asstivus, part., Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 75 (1820). 
? Modest Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 196 (1822). 
Psittacus minor, Vieill. Em. Meth. iii. p. 1367 (1823). 
Chrysotis signatus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 
Chrysotis agilis, G. It. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mies. p. 82 (1859); Selat 


P.Z.S. 1861, p. 79; id. Cat. Am. B. p. 354, n. 2115 (1862); 
AlbrecU, Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 203; March, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. 
Philad. 1863, p. 284; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 531 (1868) ; G. R. 
Gr. Handrlist, ii. p. 164, n. 8329 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. 
p. 679 (1872); JSclatfy Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 113, n. 11 
(1873); Selat P. Z. S. 1873, p. 811; Garr. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587 ; 
A. # E. Newt. Handb. Jamaica,^. 110 (1881); Selat. P. Z. S. 1882, 
p 801; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 347 (1883); Cory, List 
Birds W. Ind. p. 20 (1885); id. Auk, 1886, p. 461; id. Birds of 
W. Lid. p. 183 (1889); Marsh. Papag. p. 55 (1889). 
Androo-lossa agilis, Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 367 (Consp. Psitt 
p. 207); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 117 (1883). 
320 
TSITTACID&* 

Adult male. Green ; darker, and with a bluish tinge, on the top 
of the head, a little lighter on the underparts : the under tail-coverts 
yellowish green; feathers of the neck slightly edged with black; 
primary-coverts red; first primary black, the remainder with the outer 
webs, especially at the base, blue, edged with green ; secondaries 
blue, with the base of the outer webs green ; greater under wing-
coverts and part of the inner webs of the quills below verditer-green; 
tail green, with the base of the inner webs of the lateral feathers 
red; the outer tail-feathers bluish on the outer web : Ci bill greyish 
black, with a pale spot at the base of the upper mandible ; feet grey-
black ; iris dark brown; cere blackish grey?? (Gosse). Total length 
10*5 inches,/wing 6*9, tail 3-5, bill 1*05, tarsus 0-63. 

Young. I|as no red on the primary-coverts, which are green, and 
no bluish tinge on the piletim. 
Eab. Jamaica. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Jamaica. 
P. Gosse TV. 

c. <$ ad. sk. Freeman's Hall, Trelawny, Salvin-Gro'dman Coll 
June (W. Osburn). 
d. Ad. sk. Jamaica (TV. Osburn). Sclater Coll. 
e. (5juv.sk. Spanishtown, Mar. (IF. T. Smithsonian Institution 
March). [P.]. 
f. 
Sternum. Jamaica. P. Gosse [C.]. 
18. PACHYNUS. 
Ijpe. 
Graydidascalus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 142 . P. braekyuru*. 
Graydidactylus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 

gen. 27 . P. braclmira^. 
Pachynus, Rclinw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 852 P. brachyurus. 

Range. Upper Amazons. 

1. Pachynus biachyuras. 
Psittacus brachyurus, 
Temm. <§* KuMt in Kuftl, Co/h*p. Psiff. p. 72 
(1820); Sieph. Gen. Zool xix. p. 103 (1620): G. B. Gr. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 421, n. 20 (1846); id. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 76 (1850). 
Psittacus vhidissimus, 8u>. Zool. III. pi. 155 (1822-23); Im, 1829, 
p. 1005. 
Psittacus puinilio, Spix, Ai\ Bras. i. p. 41, t. xxk. £ 2 (1824); 
Brekm, Mon. d. Papag. t. oG. 
Pionus brachyurus, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 613 (1832); Burm. SmL 
Ueb. ii. p. 194 (1856). 
Psittacus pumilio Sjjixii, Bourj. Perr. pi. 56 (1837-38). 
Graydidascalus viridissinius, Bp. Ben. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, pp. 147, 

152, n. 122; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 156; Sousa, 
Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 13 (1860); G. R. Gr. Eand-Iist. 

ii. p. 162, n. 8297(1870). 
Graydidactylus viridissimus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
n. 121. 
Amazona braehyura, Bchleg. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 56 (1864); id. 
op. cit Revue, p. 30 (1874). 

19 . 
PIONUS. 321 
Pionias brachvtirus, Fiiisch, Pqx/t/. ii. p. 410 (1808); Pete. Orn. 
Bras. pp. ±&2, 447, liii (ld7L); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 189 (1877). 
Pionopsitta brachyura, 8ali\ Ibis, 1876, p. 496; Berl. Joum.f. Orn. 
1834>, p. 100. 

Pachvnus brachynrus Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 353 (Consp. 
Psitf. p. 193);' id. Vogelbild. t. xxxiii. f. 7 (1883); jftras. Om Per. 
Iii. p. 216 (1886). 

Adult male. Green; tail-coverts and underpays paler, yellowish 
green ; primaries and their coverts darker green ; secondaries and 
greater wing-coverts edged with, yellowish, green; on the smaller 
wing-coverts, along the cubital edge, a dark red patch; under wing-
coverts green edged with yellowish, green, the greater ones and 
inner webs of the quills verditer-green; tail yellowish green, the 
two central feathers greener, the lateral ones with a red band near 
the base : bill dusky horn-grey; feet brown; " iris red " ( Whitely). 
Total length 8*75 inches, wing 5*55, tail 2-4, bill 1, tarsus 0-55. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. According to AVagler, the red band towards the base of 
the tail is wanting. 
Hah. Upper Amazons and Ecuador. 

a. 
Ad. st. Brazil. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk, Samiria, Upper Amazons, Octo- Silvin-Grodnian Coll. 
ber (J. llauxtcell). 
c. $ ad. sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons, 3Iay Salvin-Godman Coll. 
[H. Whitely). 
d. $ 
ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro, November Sclater Coll 
(Katterer). 
19. MOOTS. 
Type. 
Pionus, Wagl Mm. Psitt. p. 497 (1832) P. menstruus, 
Pionias, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 366 (1868). 

Cf. Sclater, Bowl. Orn. Misc. iii. pp. 5-9, pis. lxxx., lxxxi. 
Range. Prom Southern Mexico and Central America to Paraguay 
and Argentine Republic. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Primaries and their wing-coverts green. 
a'. Head entirely blue, or with all the 
feathers edged with blue menstruus, p. 322. 
b'. Head not entirely blue, or with no blue 
at all. 
a". Cheeks green. 
a'". Bill red. 
a1. Bill red, with the base of the 
culmen dusky; breast and abdomen 
earthy or dirty olive .. sordidu»% p. 325. 

b*. 
Bill entirely * coral-red; breast 
and abdomen green ccrallinus, p. 326 
VOL. xx. y 


322 
PSITTAC1DJS. 

b"\ Bill yellow, with, the "base dusky. 
c4. Chin and band across the lower 
throat blue maximiliani, p. 327. 
dA. Chin and hand across the lower 
throat purple vinous bridgesi, p. 329. 
b". Cheeks not green; bill yellow; hases 

of the feathers of the head white. 
c'". Head and chin vinous red timudtuoms, p. 330. 
d'". Sinciput white, with the feathers 

edged with pale red ; cheeks 
white, with the feathers edged 
with dusky seniloides, p. 330. 

b. 
Primaries and their wing-coverts blue. 
c'. Pileum and lores white; hack gTeen .. senilis} p. 331. 
d'. Pileum and lores dark, with no white. 
e'". Inner wehs of the quills helow 
verditer-blue; hase of the tail 
with no red colour chakoptents, p. 333. 

/"'. 
Inner wehs of the quills below 
deep "blue; base of the tail-
feathers on the inner wehs and 
below broadly red fuscus, p. 334 

1. Pionus menstruus. 
Psittaeus Guianensis cyanocephalos, Briss. Orn. iy, p. 247 (17G0) 
(excl. syn.). 
Blue-headed Parrot, Edw. Glean, vii. p. 226, pi. 314 (1764) ; Lath. 

Syn. i. p. 301 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii; p. 221 (1822). 
Psittaeus capite caeruleo, Edw. Glean, vii. p. 325 (1764). 
Psittaeus menstruus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 148, n. 39(1766) ; Gm. S. N. 

i. p. 345, n. 29 (1788) j Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 113, n. 95 (1790); 
Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 540 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 91 
(1811-12) ; Vieill. N D. xxv. p. 331 (1817); Kuhl, Ctmsp. Psitt 
p. 72 (part.) (1820) j ? Wied, Reise, i. p. 175 (1820), ii. p. 341 
(1821); fSpiv, Av. Bras. i. p. 46 (1824); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 
p. 103 (1826); Voigt, Cuv. Uehers. p. 740 (1831); ? Wied, Beitr. 
iv. p. 237 (1832); Hahn, Orn. Atl. p. 59, t. 44 (1836) j G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. p. 421, n. 9 (1846); Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, iii. p. 723 
(1848); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 48 (nee 61) (1854); G. R. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 75 (1859) j Leotaud, Ois. de Vile de la 
Trinidad, p. 329 (1866) $ Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 
Psittaeus cyanocephalus, Scop, (nee Linn.) Annus I. Hist. Nat. 

p. 33 (1769). 
Perroquet a tete bleue de la Guiane, If Anient. PL Enl. 384. 
Papegai a tete et gorge bleue, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 243 
(1779). 
Psittaeus cyanogula, Bodd. Tail PI Enl. p. 23 (1783). 
Perroquet k camail bleue, male, Levaill. Perr. pi. 114 (1805). 
Papegai a tete bleue, Vieill. Enc. Mtth., Atl. pi. 229. f. 1 (1823). 
Psittaeus purpureus (male), Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 198 (1831). 
Pionus menstruus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 602 (1832) (part. ?); Hartl 

Syst. 
Verz. Ges. Mus, p. 87 (1844); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. 

p. 3 (1849) j Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, pp. 148, 151 
n.114; ? SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 155 (Bresil) ; Bp. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 113; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. 
19 . PIONTTS. 3^3 
p. 190 (1856); Sclat P. Z S. 1857, pp. 19, 266, 1858, p. 460, 
I860, p. 287; ? Burm. Jour. f Orn. 1860, p. 243 ; id. 
Beise, ii. p. 443 (186D ; tfcto. <?«*. ^t;». B. p. 354, n. 2117 
(1862); #cfe. £ &^. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 368; Salv. P. #. & 1867, 
p. 158; Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 588, 595, 753; Soma, 
Mm. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 12 (1869); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 466, 634, 1874, p. 587; Sclat Bowl. 
Om. Misc. iii. pp. 6, 7 (part.) (1877); Sclat. $ Salr. P. Z. S. 
1879, pp. 538, 635; Salv. Cat B. Stricld. Coll. p. 467 (1882); 
Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 351 (1883); Tacz. fy Berh 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 119; Zeled. Pr. U.S. Nat Mm. viii. p. Ill 
(1885); Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 69; Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 218, Tabl. 
p. 100 (1886); Garlepp, Journ.f. Orn. 1889, p. 291 ; Berl. Jour. 
f.Orn.l889,y.S17. 
? Psittacus maximiliani, Cab. in Schomb. Quian. iii. p. 723 (1848) 
(perhaps the young bird). 
Pionus maximiliani (part.), G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 75, 
specim. a (1859) (juv.j. 
? Pionius menstruus, Laicr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 299 (1861). 
Amazona menstrua, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 60 (1864) ; id. 

op. cit. Beuue, p. 28 (1874). 

Piunias menstruus, Finsch, Papaq. ii. p. 441 (partiui) (1868); 
id. P.Z. S. 1870, p. 586; Pdz. Orn. Bras. pp. 264, 447, liii 
(1871); Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 32; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 191 
(partim) (1877); Bchnw, Vogelbild. t. xxvi. f. 4 (1878-83); id. 
Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 362 (C6nsj>. Pbitt p. 202). 

Pionus rubrigularis, Cab. Orn. Centralbl. 1881, p. 70; id. Jour. f. 

Om. 1881, p. 222; Bclmw. u. Schal. Journ.f. Orn. 1882, p. 119. 
Pionus menstruus rubrigularis, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 222. 
Pionias rubrigularis, Bchnw. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. xxvi. f. 4 

(1878-83); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 202 (Consp. Psitt. p. 202). 

Adult male. Green, upper wing-coverts in some lights golden 
brown-olive; head and neck blue; a patch on the ear-coverts 
black; feathers of the throat with the bases pink-red, producing a 
pinky-red patch more or less hidden; feathers o£ the upper 
breast green, more or less tinged with olive-brown, and edged with 
blue; under tail-coverts pink-red, with the tips green, more or less 
bluish; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills 
below grass-green ; outer web of the first primary edged with 
greenish blue ; central tail-feathers green, the lateral ones with the 
outer webs bright blue, or blue towards tho tips and green towards 
the base, and with the inner webs green towards the tip and red 
at the base: bill blackish, with a red patch at the base of the upper 
mandible ; cere greyish; feet grey; iris brown. Total length about 
11 inches, wing 7*6-7*2, tail 3, bill 1*03, tarsus 0*6. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Greener on the head, neck, and upper breast, where the 
blue colour on the edges of the feathers is less developed than in 
the adult birds; sometimes a pinkish band mixed with blue on 
the forehead. 

Y2 

324 
PSITXACID JE. 

The specimens from Central America and Pera have been separated 
by Dr. Cabanis as P. rubrigidaris, but I do not find that 
they have the red gular patch more conspicuous than those from 
other localities, 

The Ecuador and Peru birds are much the largest. 

A single specimen from Bolivia, mentioned below, perhaps deserves 
specific separation, having the feathers of the breast dec ideally hnnrn 
with blue edges. 

Hah. Prom Costa Rica to Colombia, Trinidad, Guiana, Amazon 

Valley, Ecuador, Peru, and, if the same, also Bolivia. 

a. Ad. sk. South America. Baron Laugier*-* Coll. 
b, c § ad. sk. Bugaba, Cbiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Gudiran Cull. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Santa Fe, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ acl. sk. Veragua (Arce). Sclater Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Panama. Tweeddale Cull. 
A, i. Ad. sk. Chepo, Isthmus of Panama. Salvin-Godman Cull. 
h. 
J imm. sk. Isthmus of Panama (McLean-Salvin-Godman Cull. 
nan). 
I. 5 juv. sk. Panama. 
Purcha^d. 
m. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Sclater Coll. 
n. (S ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(II. Whitely). 
o. 
S ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Cull. 
Jan. (H. Whitely). 
p. Ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro ( Wallace). Sclater Cull. 
q. 
Ad. sk. Rio Tocantins, Amazons, Sept. Salvin-Godman Cull. 
(Wallace). 
r, $, t. S ad. j u. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, Salvm-Godman Cull. 
5 ad. sk. Feb. & April (II H. Smith). 

v. Ad. sk. Maranham (R, Wendeborn). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
w. Juv. st. Brazil. Purchased. 
j,. Ad. sk. Rio Javari. II. W. Bate** X1 ^ 
y, z. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Bucldey). Sah in-Gudniau Cull. 
a'. <$ acl. sk., Cosnipata, Peru, May {II. Tweeddale Cull. 
var. Whitely). 

V. Ad. sk., -var. Pillon, Bolivia (C. Bucldey). Sal\ in-GodmauColl * 
* I ha^e not been able to make out satisfactorily the following two species:— 
PlONCS REICHEXOWI. 

Pionias reiehenowi, Heine, Journ.f. Orn. 1SS4, p. 204 (Northern Brazil or 
Peru); Heine u. Bchnvj. Xo/nencl. Mm. Han. Orn. p. 232 (18110). 

Adult. Olive-green, the feathers of the upper back edged with bluish, 
the head dull blue, the feathers of the lower neck and brea&t olive, broadly 
edged with blue; also the green-olive feathers of the abdomen are edged with 
blue; outer webs of the tail-feathers blue, the inner ones towards the base 
pale red, towards the tip greenish blue; under tail-co^erts red, blue m the 
middle, greenish at the tip : bill yellowish, the base of the under mandible 
and the sides of the upper dusky; feet dusky. Total length 330 mm., wing 180, 
tail 85, culmen of the bill 30. (Heine.) 

Hab. Peru or Northern Brazil. 

19. PIONTJS. 
325 
2. Pionus sordidus. 
The Dusky Parrot, Edic. Birds, iv. pi. 167 (1751); Lath. Gen. 8yn. 

i. p. 304 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p 223 (with var. A) (1822). 
Psittacus fuseus AEexicanus, Edw. Birds, iv. p. 246 (1751). 
Psittacus Xovge Hispanise, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 303 (1760). 
Psittacus sordidus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 148, n. 49 (1766); Gm. S. N. 
i. p. 343, ii. 40 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 127, n. 135 (1790) • 
Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 102 (1811-12); VieilL N. D. xxv. p. 329 
(1817) ; Euhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 74 (1820); VieilL Enc. Meth. iii. 
p. 1375 (1820); Staph. Gen. Zool. siv. p. 104 (1826); Voigt, Cm. 
Ohs. According to Heine, this species differs from P. menstruus in the 
following points : — (1) The head is blackish blue and not pure blue ; (2) the 
feathers of the upper back are margined with blue; (3) the bases of the 
feathers of the throat are not red; (4) the blue margins of the feathers of the 
underparts extend all over the abdomen and vent; (5) the middle part of the 
under tail-coverts is blue and not green. 

I have kept P. reivkenowi distinct from P. menstruus, but I am not quite 
sure that the bird described by Heine is not an individual variety of that 
species. The same remark applies to the following specimens, which, except 
one which has the red gular patch and a bright blue head, seem to agree with 
Heine's description nearly in e\ ery respect. 

a. Ad. sk. Massena Coll. 
b, e, d. Sk. South America. Purchased. 
PIONUS COBALTINUS. 

Psittacus cobaltinus, Mass. et SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 74 
(Colombia). 
Pionus cobaltinus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, pp. 148,151, n. 115 ; 
Selat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 163. 
Pionus maximiliani, part., SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 155. 

Young (type). Green, back and wings with an olive tinge j forehead rosy 
red, mixed with blue; feathers of the head green, with narrow blue edges; 
edges of the feathers of the underparts blue ; under tail-coverts pale reel, with 
the middle part of each feather greenish ; tail and wing as in P. menstruus: 
bill yellowish; feet dusky. Total length 9*5 inches, wing 67, tail 2 6, bill 0*9, 
tarsus 0*52. 

Hah. Colombia. 

Obs. The type specimen of P. cobaltinus is no doubt a young bird, as shown 
by the red frontal band. Although in some points it agrees with P. menstruus, 
I have not been able to identify it with that or any other known species. 
De Souance, in his paper on the Parrots of the Massena Collection, has 
identified the bird with P. maximiliani, but I do not think that it can be attributed 
to that species on account of the blue on the cheeks and underparts; 
the yellowish bill shows that the bird is not P. menbtruus. The blue edges to 
the feathers of the underparts, extending as far as the under tail-coverts, show 
a resemblance between P. cobaltinus and P. rcichenowi, Heine, with which it 
may be identical. 

Having only a young bird to go by, I cannot give a decided opinion concerning 
P. cobaltinus. 

a. 
Juv. sk. Colombia. Massena Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
326 rsiTIACIDJE. 

Uebers. p. 740 (1831); G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 14 (1846); 

id. List Psitt. Brit. 'Mm. p. 75 (part. ?) (1859). 
Papegai brim, Buff, ffist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 246 (vii. p. 198,1763). 
Le Perroquet bran, Levaill Terr. pL 104 (1805). 
Pionus sordidus, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 607 (1832); Sclat. P. Z. S. 

1862, p. 323 (?), 1868, p. 169; G. T. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 162, 

n. 8300 (exel. syn.) (1870); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 811; Scl. $ 
Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 4 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 587; Sclat. Bowl. Orn. Misc. iii. pp. 6, 7, 8 (1877); Sclat. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 352 (1883). 
Chrysotis sordidus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 
Pionias sordidus, Finsck, Papag. ii. p. 4,52 (part.), p. 9Z& (1868); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 193 (part.) (1877); Melmw. Vogelbild. t x. 

f. 4 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1879; p. 212, 1881, p. 363 
(Co?zsp. Psitt y.2QS). 
Adult. Above olive-green, the feathers of the head with dark 
blue edges, those of the cheeks olive with blue tips; chin aod a 
band across the throat, produced by the edges of the feathers, blue; 
breast and abdomen dirty olive; under tail-coverts red; quills and 
primary-coverts green, the first primary edged with blue on the 
outer web; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the 
quills below malachite-green; central tail-feathers green, the lateral 
ones blue on the outer webs and red towards the base of the inner 
ones; tail underneath green, with the base of the lateral feathers 
red : bill red, with the base of the culmen dusky, and with a 
yellowish tinge at the base of the upper mandible, near the tomia ; 
feet dusky. Total length about 11 inches, wing 7'3, tail 3*3, 
bill 1, tarsus 0*6. 
Eab. Venezuela. 

Of the three specimens in the British Museum, the one I have 
described is the largest, and of an olive-green colour above, nearly 
uniform except on the head; the second is smaller and of a 
purer olive-colour below, and has the feathers of the upper parts 
with distinct lighter edges : the third specimen is about the size of 
the second, and has been kept distinct by Mr. Sclater on account 
of "th e whole back, nape, and wing-coverts being of a sordid 
yellowish olive-colour, with the edgings of the feathers lighter " ; 
but it appears to me to have the plumage faded and worn out. 

a. Ad. sk. Massena Coll. 
b. S ad. sk.
c. (S imm. sk. 
Venezuela. 
Venezuela (Goering). 
Zoological Society's Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 

3. Pionus coraUinus. 
Pionus corallinus, Bp. Mev. et Mag. de Zooi 1854, pp. 148? W2, 
n. 118; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n: 115 (excVsvn.); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 147; id. Cat Am. B. p. 355, n. 2119 
(1862); ?Sousa, Kac. Mus. Lisb. P&ittaci, p. 12 (1869); Sclat & 
Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 3 (1873); Sclat. Bowl Orn. 
Misc. iii. pp. 6, 7, 8, pi. lxxx. (1877); Forbes, Ibis, lb79, p. 307 
(note); Bed. § Tacz. P. Z. S. 1#84, p. 309: Tacz. & Berl 
P. Z. S 1885, p. 109. 
19. PIONUS. 
327 

? Pionus sordidus, SouancS {nee Linn.), Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, 

p. 155. 
Psittacns sordidus. G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 75. specim. a 
(1859). F * 
Psittacus siy (part.), G. R. Gr. List. Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 76. 
specim. d (1859). 
Ainazona sordida, Schleg. {nee Linn) Mus. P.-B. Psitt. p. 61 
.(1864); id. op. eit. Revue, p. 28 (1874). 
Pionus corallirostris, Bp., fide Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci {in syn. 

A. sordid^), p. 61 (1864); Mass. in Mus. Brit., fide Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 454 (1868); Mass. et Souanct, fide G. R. Gr. Rand-
list, ii. p. 162, n. 8301 (1870). 
Pionias 
sordidus, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 452 (1868) j Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 193 (part) (1877). 
Pionias corallinus, Rchmv. Vogelbild. t. xxvi. f. 1 (1878-83) ; id. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 363 {Ce-nsp. Psitt. p. 203). 

Adult. Dull green ; the feathers of the head edged with bluish ; 
feathers of the interscapular region with bluish dusky edges, preceded 
by a greyish tinge ; chin and a band across the upper breast, formed 
by the edges of the feathers, blue; under tail-coverts red, with 
dark shafts ; great under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills 
below malachite-green ; tail-feathers green, the lateral ones with 
the outer webs blue, and the inner webs red towards the base : 
bill coral-red; feet grey; iris brown. Total length 11-5 inches, 
wing 8*1, tail 3-4, bill 0-95, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. Like the adult, a few reddish feathers on the forehead; 
the blue band across the lower throat brighter; the bill in the 
dried skin orange. 

Eab. Ecuador and Colombia. 

a. Ad. sk. 
Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Colombia. 
Massena Coll. 
c. (S ad. sk. New Granada. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Bababoyo, Ecuador {Fraser). Sclater Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
f. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Monji, Ecuador {Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ecuador {Higgins). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
4. Pionus maximiliani. 
Siy, Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat Parag. i. p. 461, n. 287 (1803); 

"id. Voy. (ed. Sonn.) iv. p. 77 (1809). 

Psittacus menstruus, part., Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 331 (1817). 

Psittacus maximiliani, Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 72 (1820) (juv.) ; 

Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 103 (1826) j Desm. Diet, So. Nat. xxxix. 

p. 97 (1826); Hahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 82, t. 62 (1836); G. P. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 10 (1846); Hartl. Ind. Azara Apunt. 
p. 18 (1847); ? Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 723 (1848); G. P. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 75 (syn. emend.) (1859). 
Psittacus cyanurus, Princ. Maximil. {nee Shaw), fide Kuhl, I. c. 
Psittacus fiavirostris, Spiv, A v. Bras. i. p. 42, t. 31. f. 2 (1824); 

Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 243 (1832). 

328 PSITTACID-3S. 

Pionus maximiliani, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 60S (1832) ; Bp. Rev, et 
Mag. de Zool. 1854, pp. 148, 152, n. 117; Souance, Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1856, p. 155; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
n, 116; Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xxxiv. f. 2 (1857); Sclat. Cat. Am. 

B. p. 354, n. 2118 (1862); Sousa, Mm. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 12 
(1869); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 162, n. 8302 (1870); Sclat. 
$ Salv. Komencl. Av. Iseotrop. p. 114, n. 2 (1873); Cab. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1874, p. 228; Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 283; Sclat. 
*Rowl. Orn. Misc. iii. pp. 6, 7 (1877);* Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. & lt>79, 
p. 635; White, P. Z. S. 1882,* p. 622 (Argentina): Sah. Cat B. 
Stricld. Coll. p. 468 (1882); Sclat List Vert An. 8tli ed. 
p. 852 (1883); Berl. a. Jhering, Zeitschr. d. ge*. Orn. 18eo, 
p. 165; Sclat. Argent. Orn. ii. p. 217 (1886) ; Berl. Journ. f. Or/£. 
1887, p. 122. 
P&ittacus fla^irostris vel maximiliani, Bourj. Perr. pi. 54 (1837-38). 
Psittacus senilis, Brehm {nee Sj)ix), Man. d. Papag. t. 44 (nee de&cr.) 

(1853). 

Pionus &iy, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 155; Bp. Xaumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 117; Souance7 lean. Perr. 
pi. xxxiv. f. 1 (1857); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 162, n. 8303 
(1870). 

Pionusflaviro&tris, Burin. Syst. TJeb. ii. p. 191 (1856). 
Psittacus &iy, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 75, specim. a9 b, c 
(1859). 
Pionus coralliniiSj Cass, (nee Bp}.) in Page's Karr. of the 27. S. La 
Plata Raped, p. 601 (1859). 
Amazona maximiliani, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 61 (1864) ; id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 29 (1874). 
Pionias nienstruus, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 441 (1868) ,* Giefi. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 191 (1872). 
Pionias maximiliani, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 448 (186Q) ; 
Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 264, 447,1m (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 191 (1874); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. x. I 7 (1878-83); id. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 362 (Consp. Psitt p. 202). 
Pionias flavirostii&, Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxvi. f. 5 (lb78-£3) ; id. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 363 (Consp). Psitt. p. 203), lbb'2, p. 11. 

uidult. Green ; head green, each feather with a narrow dark 
grey edge ; forehead and lores nearly black; cheeks green, each 
feather with bluish-grey edges; chin and a band across the lower 
throat, produced by the edges of the feathers, dull purple-blue; the 
feathers of the hind neck with whitish shaft-streaks, only visible on 
raising the feathers; feathers of the back, rump, breast, and 
abdomen and wing-coverts with dusky edges, and in some lights 
olive-brown ; under tail-coverts red, sometimes tinged with purple, 
the longest with narrow yellowish-green edges; first primary with 
the outer web edged with greenish blue; great under wing-coverts 
and inner webs of the quills below grass-green; tail above green, 
the lateral feathers with the outer webs mostly blue, and the inner 
webs more or less red; tail below green, with the base of the inner 
webs of the lateral feathers more or less red: bill horn-yellowish, 
with the base of the upper mandible horn-dusky; feet dusky. 
Total length about 11 inches, wing 7*1 to 6% tail 3*2, bill 1-1, 
tarsus 0*6. 

19. PIONUS. 
329 
Young. ™Much greener than the adult on the head; forehead 

reddish; the blue cross band on the lower throat less developed. 
Hal. South-eastern Brazil and Paraguay. 
The existence of this species in British Guiana appears to 

me very doubtful, and most likely the birds attributed to it by 
Schomburgk were young, with reddish forehead, of P. menstnm*. 
The type of P. maximiliani with a reddish frontal band is no doubt 
a young specimen of the bird called P.jiavirostris by Spix. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. e. Ad. et iinm. sk. 
[Chili.] 
Brazil. 
liiocour Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Zoological Soc. Coll. 
g. Juv. sk. Brazil. Baron'Laugier's Coll. 
h} i. Ad. sk. Bakia, Brazil (WucJierer). Salvin-Goilman Coll. 
k. <$ ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil, July Salvin-Godman Coll.* 
(Natter er). 

5. Pioxrus bri&gesi. 
Pionus bridgesii, Buucard, Humming-Bird, i. p. 27 (April 1891). 
Very much like P. maximiliani, from which it differs, 1st, in 
having the feathers of the pileum from the forehead green, with dark 
edges, so that only the lores are black; 2nd, the chin and a band 
across the throat of a red vinous colour, instead of blue ; 3rd, the • 
green colour of the upper and under parts more olive-brown. (Mutt. 
BerlepscJi.) 

Hab. Bolivia. 

* PIONUS LACEKUS. 
Pionias lacerus, Heine, Joiim. f. Orn. 1884, p. 265 (Tucuman); Heine § 
JRchiw. Isomencl. Mm. Hem. Orn. p. 232 (1890). 
? Pionus lacerus, Bed. Jowrn. f. Orn. 1887, p. 122 (note). 

Like jP.flavirost?'is (Spix) ( =maximiliani), but larger and stronger; upper 
parts brighter green ; feathers of the pileum green, edged with bluish ; interscapular 
region, back, and wing-coverts green j under surface olive-green; 
feathers of the throat and breast with narrow blue edges; under tail-coverts 
red, greenish along the middle: under mandible brown, with the tip yellowish ; 
upper mandible yellowish, dusky at the base. Total length 13-5C inches, wing 
8'25, tail 4-32, bill 1-37. 

Hab. Tucuman, Argentine Bepublic. 
Obb. This species differs from P. flamrostrh (Spix) in the following particulars 
:—1. The feathers of the back and the wing-coverts are of a brighter green. 

2. The feathers of the pileum are bright green, scarcely edged with blue. 3. The 
feathers of the throat have no reddish-lilac colour at all. 4. The blue edges of 
the feathers of the chest are very narrow, and not so wide as in P. Jlaviro&tris. 
5. The under tail coverts are green in the middle, and not the least tinged with 
blue. (Heme.) 
1 have not been able to make out this species, not having seen specimens 
from 
Tucuman. 
This, hpecies is not mentioned in Selater's ' Argentine Ornithology.' 

330 
PSITTACID-E. 

6. Pionus tumnltuosus, 
Psittaeus tumultucsus, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, i. p. 304; id. Faun. 
Per. p. 270 (1844) ; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 30 (1846). ^ 

Chrysotis turaultuosa, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, n. 107; 
id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 102; G. R. Gray, List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. 82 (1859); id. Hand-list ii. p. ICo, n. 8341 (1870). 

Pionias tumultuosus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 457 (1868); Gieh. 
Thes. Orn. 111. p. 193 (1877); Rchmc. Vogelbild. t. xxvi. f. 2 
(1878-83); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 363 (Consp. Psitt. p. 203). 

Pionus tumultuosus, Scl. $• Salv. Xamend. Ax. Seotrop. p. 114, n. 6 
(1873): Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 550; Sclat. Roivl Orn. Misc. iii. 
pp. 6, 7, 8, pi. lxxxi. (1877); Sclat. § Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 635 ; 
Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 219, Tabl. p. 100 (188(5). 

Adult male. Green; pileum, cheeks, and chin THIGHS red, with 
the bases of the feathers white; feathers of the cheeks and ear-
coverts edged with dark purple; hind neck, sides of the neck, and 
breast pnrple vinous; under tail-coverts red, with a purple tinge 
and edged with yellowish green ; greater under wing-coverts and 
inner webs of the quills below malachite-green; tail above green, 
with the base of the lateral feathers red on the inner webs, purple 
on the outer ones ; tail below green, with the base red : bill yellow ; 
feet bluish grey; iris brown. Total length about 11 inches, wing 7, 
taH 3*4, bin 0-95, tarsus 0*6. 

Female. Like the male (Taczanowski). 
Bab. Peru and Bolivia. 


a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia {Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
7. Pionus seniloides. 
? Chrysotis albifrons, 
Bp. (nee Sparrm.) Atti Sc. Ital. vi. p. 403 
(1845). 
Psittaeus selinoides (sic), Mass. et Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 
1854, p. 73. 
Psittacus seniloides, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 147; G. R. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 76 (1859). 
Pionus seniloides, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, pp. 149, 152, 

n. 121; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 162; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool 1856, p. 155; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 120; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xxxvi. (1857); Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 355, 
n. 2120 (1862); G.R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 162, n.8305 (1870); Sclat. 
# Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 5 (1873); Sclat. $ Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 235; Sclat. Howl. Orn. Misc. iii. pp. 0, 7 (1877); 
Berl 8? Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 309; Tacz. $ Berl P. Z. S. 1885, 
pp. 109,123. 
Pionias gerontodes, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 454 (1868); Gieh. Thes. 
Om. iii. p. 190 (1877); Rchno. Vogelbild. t. xxvi. f. 7 (1878-83); 
id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 364 {Consp. Psitt. p. 204). 

Amazona gerontodes, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 29 (1874). 

Adult male. Green; pileum or sinciput white, with the edges of the 
feathers orange-red ; feathers of the occiput, nape, and sides of the 
neck white at the base, then greyish blue, and edged with black; 

19. MOOTS. 331 
feathers of the cheeks white, edged with Hack, sometimes the anterior 
feathers edged with orange-red; a blue band on the throat, 
passing into vinous on the breast and middle of the abdomen; under 
tail-coverts red, with dark shafts ; greater under wing-coverts and 
inner webs of the quills below malachite-green ; central tail-feathers 
green, the lateral ones green at the apical third, dull purple on the 
outer webs, and red on the basal two thirds of the inner ones ; tail 
underneath red at the base, green towards the tip : bill horn-yellow; 
feet dusky grey. Total length about 11 inches, wing 7*3, tail 3, 
bill 1-05, tarsus 0-6. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the feathers of the head 
green with white bases, those of the pileum with narrow reddish 
edges, the feathers of the sides of the head white with green edges, 
and those of the throat and breast vinous, edged with green. 

Hub. Colombia and Ecuador. 

Specimens from Venezuela and Ecuador seem to differ from those 
from Colombia in never having the feathers of the sinciput or 
pileum white with red edges • such feathers occur only on the 
forehead, the rest of the feathers of the pileum being white, dark 
greyish towards the tips and edged with black. 

a. Ad, sk. ISew Granada. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Colombia. Massena Coll. 
(Probably one of the types of the species.) 
c. Ad. sk.
d. e. 2 ad. et Jimm. sk, var. 
Bogota (Trkbner). 
Merida, Venezuela {Goering). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk., var.
y. Ad. sk., var. 
Saray acu, Ecuador (01 ifoe&fey). 
Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
h,L Ad. sk.,var. SanLucas,Ecuador(C.i?^cA:^y). Salvin-Godiuan Coll. 

8, Pionus senilis. 

Psittacus senilis, Spiv, Av. Bras, i. p. 42, t. xxxi. f. 1 (182-4)*; 
Hahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 79, t. 59 (1836) j Bourj. Perr. pi. 60 
(1837-38); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 11 (1846) j id. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mtis. p. 75 (1859). 

Psittacus leucorhynchus, SID. PMlos. Mag. 1827, p. 438. 

Pionus senilis, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 604 (1832); Bp. Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1854, pp. 148,152, n. 120; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1856, p. 155; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 119; Sclat. 

P. Z. S. 1856, p. 306, 1857, p. 230 j Sclat. $ Salv. Ibis, 1859, 
p. 138; Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 355, n. 2121 (1862); Cab. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1862, p. 335; Sousa, Mm. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 12 (1869) ; 
Frantz. Journ. f. Orn. 1869, p. 366 ; Sclat $ Sah. P. Z. S. 1870, 
p. 837; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 162, n. 8304 (1870); Sah. Ibis, 
1871, pp. 87, 95; Sclat fy Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 114, 
n. 7 (18?3); 'Sclat Rotvl. Orn. Misc. ii. pp. 6, 7 (1877); Boucard, 
P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 38, 46; Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 352 
(1883); Zeled. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. Il l (1885). 
* Although Spix includes P. senilis in his work, he does not mention having 
found it in Brazil. 
332 PSITTACIBiE. 

Amazona senilis, Schleg. Mus. F.-B. P&ittaci, p. 62 (1804); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 29 (1874). 
Pionius senilis, Laicr. Ann. Lyc. N. T. viii. p. 184 (1865), ix. p. 131 
(1868). 
Pionias senilis, Finscn, Tapag. ii. p. 460 (1868); Pelz. Orn. Bras. 

p. 264 (note) (1871)• Gieb. Tkes. Orn. iii. p. 193 (1877) ; Itchnw. 
Voijelbild. t. x. £. 6 (1878-83) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1879, p. 212, 
1881, p. 364 (Consp. Psitt p. 204). 

Adult male. Olive-green ; pileum white ; feathers of the rest of 
the head gieen, with blue edges ; a white patch on the chin and middle 
of the throat; feathers of the breast olive-brown, with purple-blue 
edges, gradually becoming greener towards the abdomen ; under 
tail-coverts rose-red, with green shafts and bluish tinge towards the 
tips, the longer ones edged with yellow-green; smaller and median 
upper wing-coverts olive-brown with golden reflexions ; carpal edge 
white ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries deep blue, the 
last, towards the tips, green; secondaries blue, edged with green on 
the outer webs; under wing-coverts green, washed with blue 
towards the tips, the greater ones and the inner webs of the quills 
below grass-green; central tail-feathers green, blue towards the tips ; 
the lateral feathers blue, with the base of the inner webs red, 
the inner ones green towards the bases of the outer webs; tail 
below bluish green towards the tips, red towards the base : bill pale 
horn-yellow; feet pale brown ; iris brown. Total length about 9*5 
inches, wTing 7*2, tail 2*9, bill 1*05, tarsus 0*6. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Head, neck, and breast green, with no blue edges to the 
feathers; forehead white; no white patch on the chin. 

Hah. Southern Mexico and Central America as far as Costa Pica. 

Many specimens show light brown tips on the upper wing-coverts. 

a-d. <$ ad. sk. Cuesta de Mizantla, Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
June. 
e. J ad. sk. Villa Alta, Oaxaca, Mexico, Salvin-Godroan Coll. 
March (M. Trujillo). 
/. Ad. sk. Mirador, nearVera Cruz, Mexico 
(Dr. C. Sartorins). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
Guatemala. 
Guatemala, 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 0. Salvin, Esq. [P.]. 
Jc. c? $ ad. sk. Ohoctum, Vera Paz (0. Salmn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
1. Ad. sk. 
m, n. Ad.
imm. sk. 
et 
Chisec, Vera Paz (0. Salmn). 
Coban, Vera Paz (0. Saluin). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz, February Tweeddale Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. 
q. Ad. sk. 
(0. Saloin).
Orange Walk, British Honduras, 
Dec. (Gaumer). 
Vicinity of Belize, British Honduras 
(Blancaneaux). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. Juv. sk. 
6*. cJ ad. sk. 
Honduras {II. Whitely). 
Angostura, Costa Pica, February 
(J. Canniol). 
Sclater Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

19 . PIONTJS. 
333 
t. ? ad. sk. Costa Rica (J. Carmiol). t Sclater Coll. 
u. Imm. sk. San Jos<5, Ooata Rica, May * Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{M. L. Calleja). 
v. Juv. sk. Costa Rica. Purchased. 
w. Ad. sk. Costa Rica. Purchased. 
x.
y. 
Ad. sk. 
Juv. st. 
[Brazil] 
[Brazil] 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

9. Piouus chalcopterus. 
Pbittacus chalcopterus, Fras. P. Z. S. 1840, p. 59 ; Bp. Atti Sc. Ital 
vi. p. 403 (1845); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 13 (1846) ; 
Fras. Zool. Typ. pi 56 (1849); G. R. Gr. list Psitt. Brit. Mus. 
p. 76 (1859). 
Pionus chalcopterus, Ilartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844); Bp. 
Rev. et May. tie Zool 1854, pp. 148, 155, n. 119; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1855, p. 102; Souance, lieu, et May. de Zool. 185(5, p. 155; Bp. 
Kaumannia, 185G, Consp. Psitt. n. 118; Souance, Icon. Perr. 
pi. xxxv. (1857); Sclat P. Z. S. 1859, p. 147 ; id. Cat Am. B. 

p. 355, n. 2123 (1862); Soma, Mus. Nac. Li<b, Psittaci, p. 12 
(I860) ;G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 103, n. 8307 (1870); Wyatt, 
Ibis, 1871, p. 381; Sclat. Sf Sal v. Nomencl. Av. Keotrop. p. 114, 
n. 8 (1873); Sclat. Bowl Orn. Misc. iii. pp. 6, 7 (1877); Sclat. 
# Sale. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 538; Sah. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 468 
(1882); Perl. § Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 573; Bed. Jour. f. Orn. 
1884, p. 319. 
Psittacus hajmorrhous, Liclit. Komencl. Av. p. 70 (1854). 
Amazona chalcoptera, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 62 (1864); 
id. op. cit. Revue, p. 29 (1874). 

Pionias 
chalcopterus, Finsch, Papay. ii. p. 462 (1868); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 189 (1877) ; Rchnw. Voyelbild. t. xxvL f. 6 
(young?) (1878-83); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 364 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 204). 
Adult male. Blackish blue; head and neck dark green, with the 
edges of the feathers dark blue, producing a scale-like appearance; 
feathers of the back and scapulars dark green, brownish in the 
middle and indistinctly edged with blue; lower back and rump deep 
blue; upper tail-coverts brown-green, with blue edges : under/parts 
blue, each feather being dark green with blue edges ; feathers of the 
chin with whitish edges, those of the throat with pale red edges ; 
under tail-coverts vermilion, more or less blue along the shafts; 
upper wing-coverts coppery brown ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 
and quills purple-blue; inner secondaries with brown edges ; the 
outermost greater upper wing-coverts blue, edged with brown; 
smaller and median under wing-coverts blue, the greater ones and 
the inner part of the inner webs of the quills verditer-blue ; tail 
blue, below towards the base of the inner webs of the feathers verditer-
blue, sometimes reddish : bill horn-yellowish white ; feet and 
naked skin round the eyes reddish flesh-colour; iris brown. Total 
length about 11 inches, wing 7'4, tail 3-2, bill 1-1, tarsus 0-65. 

Young. Has the head, back, scapulars, and upper tail-coverts 
greenish ; the underparts brown, with the feathers edged with dark 
green, some with blue; upper wing-coverts brown, with lighter 

334 PSTTTAC1DJ3. 
tips, edged with green. The young bird is altogether green, while 


the adult is blue. 
Hah. Colombia and E. Ecuador. 
a, b. $ ad. sk. Colombia. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased. 
d. Ad.sk. Bogota. J.TV. Baker, E& q/P.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Bogota, Xew GranSalvin-
G odnian Coll. 
ada (IV. Nelson), 
g. J imm. sk. Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia Salvin-Godman Cull. 
(T. K. Salmon), 
h. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godinan G>11. 
(Illingiuortk). 
i. Imm.sk. Sarayacu,Ecuador (C.Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10. Pionus fuscus. 
The Little Dusky Parrot, Edw. Glean, vii. pi. 315 (1704); Lath. Syn. 
i. p. 302 (1781); id. Gen, Mist. ii. p. 222 (with var. A) (1822). 
Perroquet varig de Cayenne, DAuhent. PL Enl. 403. 
Psittacus fuscus, Mull, S. N. Suppl p. 78 (1770); Cass. Pr. Ac. 
Philad. 1804, p. 240. 
Papegai violet, Buff. Hist Nat Ois. vi. p. 244 (1770). 
Psittacus violaceus, Bodd. Tall, des PL Enl. p. 2-5 (1783); G. JR. Gr. 

Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 12 (184G) ; id. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 70 
(1859); FinscJi, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh. i. Berigt. p. xvi (1803). 

Pbittacus 
purpureus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 340, n. 124 (1788); Lath. Lid. 
Orn. i. p. 129, n. 140 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 540 
(1811); Beehst. Kurze Ueh. p. 104 (1811-12); Yieill. N. 1). xxv. 

p. 332 (1817); Kuhl, Cojisp. Psitt. p. 73 (1820); Yieill. Enc. Meth. 
iii. p. 1377 (1823) ; SpLv, Av. Bras. i. p. 40 (1824); Steph. Gen. 
Zool. xiv. p. 104 (1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 740 (1831); Less. 
Tr. d'Orn. p. 198 (femelle) (1831). 
Psittacus infuscatus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 789 (1789-1813). 
Le Perroquet a camail bleu (femelle), LevailL Perr. pi. 115 (1805). 
Psittacus menstruus, jun., Licht. Verz. Doubt p. 0 (1823) * Brehn, 


Mon. d. Papag. t. 01 (1854). 

Pionus purpureus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 000 (1332) ; HartL Syst. 
Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844); Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 5 (1850); id. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, pp. 148, 152, n. 110: Stjimncef Iter, et 
Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. 155; Bp. Naumannia, 1850, Co?isp. Psitt. 

n. 114; Burm. Syst. Ueh. ii. p. 192 (1850); Soma, Mm. Nac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 12 (1869). 
Pionus 
violaceus, Sclat. Cat Am. B. p. 355, n. 2122 (1802) ; Sclat. 
$ Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 588; iid. Nomenel At\ Neotrop. 

p. 114, n. 9 (1873); Sclat. Bowl. Orn. Misc. iii pp. 6, 7 (1877); 
Forbes, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 307; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll p. 408 
(1882); Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 352 (1883); Salv. Ibis. 
1880, p. 501. 
Amazona yiolacea, Schleg. Mies. P.-J?. Psittaci, p. 03 (1804); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 29 (1874). 

Pionias 
violaceus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 403 (1808) ; Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 204, 448, liii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 193 (1877); 
Rchnw. Voqelbild. t. xxvi. f. 3 (1878-83); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 305 (Comp. Psitt p. 205). 
Pionus fuscus, O. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 102, n. 8300 (1S70). 
20, BEEOPTYTTS. 

335 

Adult male. Back, rump, upper tail-coverts, scapulars, and wing-
coverts dark brown, the edges of the feathers lighter or earthy 
brown; head dark blue, lores tinged with red ; ear-coverts black ; 
on the throat and sides of the neck a kind of whitish collar, produced 
by the whitish edges of the feathers; chin-feathers edged 
with reddish; underparts brown, with a purple-red wash on tho 
edges of the feathers; under tail-coverts purple-red ; bastard-wing, 
primary-coverts, quills, and smaller and median under wing-coverts 
purple-blue; quills below black, with the inner part of the inner 
webs bright purple-blue, like the greater under wing-coverts ; tail 
purple-blue, with the inner webs of the lateral feathers, except 
at the tip, red : bill greyish black, towards the base of the upper 
mandible yellowish; feet grey-black; iris brown-black. Total 
length 10*5 inches, wing 6-5, tail 2*7, bill 1, tarsus 0*6. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Some of the upper wing-coverts are edged with green, 
also the secondaries have a greenish tinge. 
Hah. Guiana and Lower Amazons as far up as Rio Negro and 
Borba. 

There is a good deal of individual variation in this species, some 
specimens being much darker above than others, or having the 
underparts of a much brighter purple-red tinge. 

a. Ad. bt. Purchased. 
bj c, d Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. S. America. J.Gould, Esq [P.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. S. Americi. Sclater Coll. 
q. Ad. sk. British Guiana ($cho?nbu?*gk). Geograph. Soc. [P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. British Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i} k. $ ? ad. sk. 
lj m. J imm. sk. 
n. $ ad. sk. 
o. Ad. sk. 
p, q. Skeletons. 
Bartica Grove, British Guiana, 
September (H. Whitely). 
Bartica Grove, Aug., Sept. 
River Carimang, Brit. Guiana, 
September (S. Whitely). 
Para (Wallace). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
H. Whitely [0.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 

20. DEKOPTYUS. 
Type. 
Deroptyus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 492 (1832) D. accipitrinus. 
Derotypus, Bp. Comp. Av. i. p. 5 (1850) D. accipitrinus. 
Range. Guiana, Amazon Valley, and N.E. Brazil. 

1. Deroptyus accipitrinus. 
Psittacus elegans, Clus. exot. Auctuar. p. 365. 
Psittacus elegans Clusii, Hay, 8yn. Av. p. 32, n. 11 (1713). 
The Hawk-headed Parrot, JEdw. Birds, iv. pi. 165 (1751); Lath. 


Syn. I p. 2G6, n. 74 (with var. A, p. 267) (1781); id Gen. Hist. 

ii. pp. 215, 216 (with vara. A, B) (1822). 
Psittacus varius Indicus, Briss. Orn. iv p. 300 (1760). 
336 
PSITTACIDJE. 

Psittacua Aquarum Lupiarum Insula, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 302 (1700). 
Psittacus coronatus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 143, n. 21 (1766) (deser. faL>a); 
Gm. JS. K. i. p. 330, n. 21 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 100, 

n. 74 (1790); Shaio, Gen. Zool. Viii. 2, p. 481 (1811); Bechst. 
Kurze Ueb. p. 8S (1811-12); Twill N. B. xvii. p. 11 (1817). 
Psittacus accipitrinus, Linn. S. JM i. p. 148, n. 38 (1766); Gm. &\ X. 

i. 
p. 345, n. 38 (with var. j3) (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. p. Ill, 
n. 89 (1790); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 90 (1811-12); TieilL X. I). 
xxv. p. 317 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 82 (1820); TieilL Ene. 
Meth. iii. p. 1368 (1823); SpLr, Av. Bras. I p. 44, t. xxxii a. 
(1824); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 106 (1826) ; Toif/t Cur. Timbers. 
p. 743 (1831); Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 198 (1831); Ilahn, Orn. Atl, 
Papag. p. 73, t. 54 (1836); Boitrj. Pen: pi. 62 (1837-38) ; G. H. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 32 (1846) ; id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 77 
(1859); Schteg. Dierent. p. 66 (1864). 
PeiToquet mail 16 de Cayenne, D'Aubent. PL EnL 526. 
Perroquet varie, Buff. Hist. Sat. Ois. vi. p. 117 (177$). 
Papegai mailLS, Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. vi. p. 239 (1779). 
Crowned Caclsatoo, Lath. St/n. i. p. 259 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 


p. 198 (1822). 
Buff-necked Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 268 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 
p. 217 (1822). 
Psittacus 
violaceus, Gm. (nee Bodd.) S. 2V. i. p. 337, n. 106 (1788); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 112, n. 91 (1790); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 91 
(1811-12); TieilL N. D. xxv. p. 328 (1877); KuhL Consp. Psitt. 

p. 96 (1828) ; TieilL Enc. MSfh. iii. p. 1374 (1823). 
Psittacus Clusii, Shaw, Gm. Zool viii. 2, p. 482 (1811). 
Cacatua coronatus, TieilL Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1414 (1823). 
Deroptvus accipitrinus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 541 (1832); Cab. in 
Schomb. Guiana, iii. p. 726 (1848) ; ? Sclat. § Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 588; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 163, n. 8309 (1870); Sund. Meth. 
nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 69 (1872); Sclat. fy Salv. Nomencl. Av. 
Keotrop. p. 114 (1873); Bchnw. Togelbild. t. x. £,1(1878-83); 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 380 (Consp. Psitt. p. 220); Select. List 
Tert. An. 8th ed. p. 351 (1883); Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 69. 
Derotvpus accipitrinus, Bp. Consp. A v. i. p. 5 (1850); id. Iiev. ei Mag. 
de Zool 1854, p. 151, n. 80; 8>uance, Iter, et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 

p. 153; Bp). Kamnannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 106; Sousa, Mus. 
Nccc. Lisb. Phittaci, p. 10 (1869). 

Deroptius coronatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 179 (1856). 

Amazona aecipitrina, Schley. Mus. P.-B. I\ittaei; p. 67 (1864) ; id. 

op. cit. Revue, p. 30 (1874). 

Pionias 
accipitrinus, Finsch. Papag. ii. p. 466 (1868); Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 265, 448, liii (1871); Cab. Jour. f. Orn. 1872, p. 75; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 189 (1877). 

Adult male, Green; head brown, frontal edge and lores darker : 
pileum hoary grey, sides of the head with hoary shaft-streaks ; long 
feathers of the nape and feathers of the breast and abdomen dark 
red, with the edges blue; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries 
black 5 secondaries green, with the tips black, slightly tinged 
with blue; tail-feathers green, tinged with blue towards the tip, 
the blue increasing towards the outer feather, which has the outer 
web blue, except at the base; greater under wing-coverts, quills, 
and tail-feathers below black; the lateral tail-feathers have dull red 

spots at the bases of the inner webs: bill dusky horn-colour : feet 

21 . TRTCLVRTA, 
^7 
black; iris brown. Total length 14 inches, wing 8, tail <H, bill 
1*35, tarsus 0*7. 
Female. Like the male, but apparently with no red spots at the 
bases of the inner webs of the lateral tail-feathers. 
Hab. Guiana, Amazons Valley from Para(?) to Ecuador, and 
Maranham (N.E. Brazil). 
Specimens from Ecuador and Maranham, mentioned below, aro 
larger and have the pileum not hoary grey, but. brown with hoary 
streaks, and^ the lateral tail-feathers without dull red spots at the 
bases of the inner webs ; they probably belong to a distinct form 

a. Ad. sk. Demerara. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. British (xuiaiii (Sehombitrgk). (leograph. Soc. [P.]. 
e. c? ad. sk. Mevume Mountains, British Salvin-Uodman Doll. 
Guiana, July (H. IVhitely). 
d. 2 ad. sk. Camacnsa, British Guiaua, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (LL Whitely). 
e. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. 
/ • Ad. sk. Rioeour Coll. 
g. Ad. sk., var. Maranham (M Wendebom). Salvin-Godiliau Coll. 
h. Ad. sk., var. Sarayacu, Ecuador (C.Buckley). Salviu-Goilman Coll. 

21. TUXCLABIA. 
Type. 
Triclaria, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 491) (1832) T. cyanogaster. 
Maxim iliens, "Less" (errore), G. JR. Or. List Gen. B. 

p. 51 (1840). 
Mange. South-eastern Brazil. 

1. Triclaria cyanogaster. 
Psittacus cyanogaster, Vieill. N. I). xxv. p. 328 (1817); Wied, Peise 
Bras. i. p. 263 (1820); Kuhl, Comp. Psitt. p. 71 (1820); 
Vieill. JEnc. Meth. iii. p. 1375 (1823); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 102 
(1826) ; Less. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 152 (1828); id. Tr. tfOrn. p. 200 
(1831); Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 212 (1832) ; Halm, Orn. Atl., Papay. 

p. 33,1.18 (1834); Bourj. Perr. pi. ^7 (1837-38). 
Azure-bellied Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 197 (1822). 
Psittacus malachitaceus, SpLc, Av. Bras. i. p. 40, t. xxviii. (young 
male) (1824); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 39. 

Triclaria cyanogastra, 
Waql. Mon. Psitt. p. 632 (1832); Hartl. Syst. 
Verz. Ges. Mm. p. 87 (1844); Bp. Comp. Av. i. p. 5 (1850); id. 
Rev. et May. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, n. 124; 8ouanee, Mev. et Mag. 
deZool. 1856, p. 156; Bp. Namnannia,l85Q, Comp. Psitt. n. 123; 
Burm. Syst. Tleb. ii. p. 181 (1856); Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 354, 

n. 2116 (1862) ; Sousa, Mm. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 13 (1869); 
G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 166, n. 8348 (1870); Hamilt, Ibis, 1871, 
p. 309; Simd. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 70 (1872) ; Salv. $r Sclat. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 114 (1873); Bed. Joicrn. f. Orn. 1824, 
p. 283 ; Salv. Cat. B. Stricld. Coll. p. 467 (1882) ; Berl. u. Jhering, 
Zeitsehr. f. ges. Orn. 1855, p. 164; Allen, Bull Am. Mas. Nat. 
Hist. ii. p. 264 (1889). # 
Erythrostomus cyanogaster, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 300 (1837). 


VOL. xx.

338 
PSlTTAdDiE. 

Chrysotis cyanogaster, G. It. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, n. 1/ (1846); 
id. List Bsitt. Brit Mus. p. 85 (1859). 
Amazona cyanogaster, Sehleg. Mus. JP.-B. Psittaci, p. 66 (1864); 
id. op. cit. JRevue, p. 30 (1874). M 

Pionias cyanogaster, JFinsch, JPapag. ii. p. 407 (1868); Belz. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 261, 442, liii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 189 (1877). 
Triclaria cyanogaster, JRchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxvi. f. 8 (1878-83); id. 


Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 352 (Camp. JPsitt. p. 192). 

Adult male. Green ; chin and thighs slightly tinged with blue ; 
middle of the abdomen and also of the lower breast purple-blue ; 
outer web of the first primary blue, the next three or four primaries 
tinged with blue towards the tip of the outer webs; greater under 
wing-covcrts and inner webs of the primaries below verditer-blue; 
tail-feathers green, tipped with blue, the outer one tinged with blue 
also on the outer web; tail underneath uniform verditer-blue ; bill 
horn-white; feet brownish; iris brown. Total length 12*2 inches, 

•wing 6-4, tail 4*7, bill 0-95, tarsus 0*58. 
Female. Smaller than the male and with the abdomen entirely 
green, having no blue patch in the middle; besides, the under surface 
of the tail is more greenish. 

Young males have the blue patch on the abdomen much smaller. 
Hob. South-eastern Brazil. 

a, b. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Baron Laugier's Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 
J ad.sk, Ypanema, Brazil, Sept. (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
terer). 
f. Imm. sk. Brazil. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
g. h. 
J ad. et Brazil, Sclater Coll. 
imm. sk. 
22. 
PIOffOPSITTACUS. 
Tvpe. 
Les Caicas, Less. Tr. d'Orn.y. 198 (1831); id. Compl. 

de Buff. JX. p. 212 (1837) P. pileatus. 
Pionopsitta, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152 .... P. pileatus. 
Caica, Gr. (nee Bp.) List Gen. fy Subgen. Birds, p. 88 

(1855) P. caica. 
Pyrilia, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. JPsitt. gen. 20. ... . P. pyrilia. 
Pionopsittacus, Bund. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 69 

(1872). 
Eucinetus, JRchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 353 P. caica. 

Range. Prom Central America to Guiana, Brazil, Upper Amazon, 
and Paraguay. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Inner webs of the tail-feathers with no yellow 
colour. 
a'. Upper wing-coverts black melanotis, p. 339. 
b'. Upper wing-coverts never black. 
a". Axillaries green. 


22. 
PiONOPdixxAcins. 33i> 
a'". Bend of the wing- blue j pileum red 
in the male; forehead blue in the 


w, 
^md}e *"; jrileatu*, p. 340. 

b 
. Bend of the wmg and also small 
upper wing-coverts and under wing-
coverts purple or vinous red. 
a\ Base of the tail green pyrrhops, p. 341. 
b\ Base of the tail dull red amazonhms, p. 342, 

Z>". Axillaries scarlet; base of the tail red 
on the inner webs of the feathers; ear-
coverts red. 


c"\ No rose-red collar below the blackish 
throat hcematotis, p. 343. 
d"\ A rose-red collar below the blackish 
throat ..; cocciiieicollari&f p. 344. 

b. Inner webs of the tail-feathers yellow, except 
at the tip. 
c'\ Under wing-coverts green ; head black, caica, p. 345. 
d". Under wing-coverts scarlet. 


e"'. Head black, cheeks yellow barrahcmdi, p. 310. 
f'\ Head and neck yellow pyrilia, p. 347. 

L Pionopsittacus melanosis, 

Pionus melanotis, Lafr. Bev. Zool. 1847, p. 67 ; Des Man, Icon. Orn. 
pi. 60 (1847). 
Psittacus melanotis, G. M. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 20 (1849): id. List 
Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 74 (1859). 
Caica melanotis, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 112; 
id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 110; G. B. Gr. Hand-list. 

ii. p. 161, n. 8295 (1870). 
Amazona melanotis, Schlep. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 67 (1864); id. 
op. cit. Bevue, p. 30 (1874). 
Pionias melanotis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 412 (1868); Gieb. Thes. 
Om. iii. p. 191 (1877). 
Pionopsitta melanotis, Salv. Ibis, 1876, p, 496; Sclat. $ Salv. P, Z. & 
1879, p. 635. 
Eucinetus 
melanotis, Bchiw. Jowrn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 355 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 195); id. Togdbild. Nachtr. 109 (1883). 

Adult. Green; pileum, lores, nape, sides of the neck, and throat 
Muish; a band over the eyes, extending beyond them, and cheeks 
bright yellowish green ; the bluish feathers of the throat with green 
edges; back, rump, scapulars, and upper tail-coverts green; breast, 
abdomen, and under tail-coverts yellowish green; upper wing-
coverts black; bastard-wing and primary-coverts dark blue, black 
on the inner webs; first primary black, edged with blue on the 
outer web ; the remaining primaries blue on the outer webs, which 
are narrowly edged with green towards the base and with yellowish 
towards the tip; outermost secondaries black, the innermost ones 
edged with green on the outer webs; tertials and the innermost 
greater upper wing-coverts green ; under wing-coverts bluish green, 
more or less tinged with black near the carpal edge, the inner ones 
pure green; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quill/" 

z2 

340 
rSIITACIDJE. 

below verditer-blue; tail above green, with the tips of the feathers 
deep blue, the outer tail-feather blue also on the outer web ; tail 
below blue on the apical half, changing into yellowish green on the 
basal half: bill horn-blue, with the tip paler ; feet horn-grey. Total 
length about 10 inches, wing 0*5, tail 3*7, bill 0-75, tarsus 0*55. 

Hah. Bolivia. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-G-odrnan Cull. 

(C. Bvcktey). 
2. Pionopsittacus pileatus. 
Psittacus pileatus, Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Xat. p. -32 (1700) ; La'Jt. Ltd. 
Orn. i. p. 125, n. 12;] (1790): Bechst. Kurze Feb. p. 99 (Wli; 
Vieill X. I), xxv. p. 321 (1817): id. Enc. Meth. ill p. 1370 
(1823); Tiled, Beitr. iv. p. 247 (1832j ; Euktu Orn. AtL, Pnrng. 

p. 77, t. 57, 57 (bis) (183(5); Brehm, Man. d. Papag. t. 41 Ac 42. 
Pileated Parrot, Lath. tign. Suppl. ii. p. 94 (1^02; ; id. Gen. Hi^t. 
ii. p. 250(1822). 
Maracana cabexa roxa, Azara, Apvnt. Hist. Xat. Parag. i. p. 437 
(1803); id. Vog. {ed. So,m.) hi. p. 70 (1>09). 
Psittacus ervthroeephalus, TieilL X. I), xxv. p. 372 (1817) ; id. 
Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1403 (1823). 
Psittacus 
mitratus, Wied, Pels. Bras. i. p. 202 (1820); Eahl, 
Comp. Psitt. p. 70 (1820); Temm. PL Col 207 (1823); J i/. 

P. Z. S. 1831, p. 30; Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 200 (1831) ; Voir/t, Cur. 
Uehers. p. 744 (1831); Bourj. Perr. pis. 5o, o.j b (L>37-38); 
Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 
Mitred Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 202 (1822). 
Psittacus Maitaca, Spix, Ai\ Bras. i. p. 41, t. xxix. f. 1 (£ ad.), 

t. xxx. (? ) (1824). 
Psittacus Azari (sic), Desm. Diet. Sc. Xat. xxxix. p. 124 (1.^20). 
Psittacula pileata, TVagl. Man. Psitt. p. 015 (lsl2u Hart!. Sifst. 
Verz. Get. Mu*. p. 8b (1844) ; G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 422, ii. 1 
(1840) ; Hartl. Lid. Azar. Apunt. p. 18 (1^471 : Bp. Consp. Ar. 

i. p. 6 (1850); Barm. tigst Veb. ii. p. 194 (1^50); Ptiz. Ytrh. 
z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1805, p. 920 (var.). 
Pionopsitta 
pileata, Bp. Pec. et Mag. de Zuol 1854, p. 152. n. 123 ; 
fiouance, Men. et Mag. de Zool. Ic50. p. 150: Bp. Xauman/iia, 
1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 122; Bode, Jonrn, f. Orn. 1^50, p. 170: 
Mat. Cat. Am. B. p. 350, n. 2128 (1802); Mjusa, Mm. Xac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 13 (1869); Salt. Ihi% 1*70. p. 490; Xfhtt. 

P. Z. S. 1877, p. 838; id. List Vert. An. bth ed.' p. 352 (Lv-3|; 
Jliering, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1**5, p. 105 ; Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 
1887, p. 122. 
Psittaculus pileatus, Mdeg. Mas. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 30 (1604); id. 
op. cit. Bevue, p. 7 (1874). 

Pionias rnitratus. Finsck, Papag. ii. p. 413 (1808): Peh, Orn. 
Bras. pp. 202, 447, liii (1871): Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 1*74, p. 2*3 ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 192 (1877). 

Pionopsitta mitrata, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 102, n. 8298 (1870); 

Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Xat. Hist. ii. p. 205 (18*9). 
Pionias pileatus, Sund. Meth not. Ai\ dhp. Tent. p. 09 (1872). 
Pionopsittacus mitratus, Rchnto. Vogelbild. t. xxiv. f. 5 ( 1* 78-83). 
Eucinetus pileatus, RcJmic. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 354 (Consp. 

Psitt. p. 194); id. Vogelbild., Berieht. (1883). 
Pionopsittacus pileatus, Sal v. Cat. B. Stnekl. Coll. p. 408 (18^2). 

22. P10N0PSITTACT7S. 
341 

Adult male. Green, abdomen and nnder tail-coverts with a 
yellowish tinge: pileum, lores, and a narrow band below the eyes, 
reaching the upper ear-coverts, red ; bend of the wing, carpal edge, 
bastard-wing, and primary-coverts deep blue ; quills deep blue, the 
outermost primaries, except the first, and the secondaries edged with 
green on the outer webs; under wing-coverts bluish green, the 
greater ones and inner webs of the quills below verditer-blue; tail 
above deep blue, the feathers with the outer edges green, the two 
central feathers almost entirely green, blue along the middle and at 
the tip ; tail below verditer-green, bluer towards the tips of the 
flathers : " bill bluish grey, whitish at the tip ; feet blackish grey; 
iris brown-grev " {Max,). Total length about 9 inches, wing 5-7, 
tail 2-8, bill 0:85, tarsus 0*55. 

Female. Like the male, but the forehead tinged with blue; no 
red whatever on the pileum; crown and occiput green, with an 
olive tinge. 

Young. Uniform green, with no red or blue colour on the head ; 
less blue on the wings ; pileum with a brown wash {Mace.), 
llab. South-eastern Brazil and Paraguay. 

a. Ad. sk. Bio Janeiro. 
Purchased. 
6. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Pdo Janeiro. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 
J ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil {Joyner). 
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. " Sclater Coll. 
f* 8 juv.sk. S.America. Sclater Coll. 
g. $ ad. sk. S. America. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
3. Pionopsittacus pyrrhops. (Plate IX.) 
Pionop&itta pyrrhops, Sair. Ibis, 1876, pp. 405, 496; Tacz.fyBerl. 
P. Z. 8, 1885, pp. 119, 121. 
Eucinetus pyrrhops, 
Rchwc. Jotirn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 356 (Co?isp. 
JPsitt. p. 19(5); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. Il l (1883). 

Adult. Green, a little yellower on the breast; forehead, 
lores, periophthalmic region, anterior part of the cheeks, and chin 
red; crown with a slight bluish tinge, turning into yellowish towards 
the forehead; some feathers of the middle of the abdomen 
have red edges ; smaller upper wing-coverts, edge of the wing, and 
under wing-coverts red; primary-coverts and outer webs of the 
primaries towards the base blue; secondaries green, with very little 
blue along the middle of the outer ones; greater under wing-
coverts verditer-blue, inner webs of the quills below blue; tail 
above blue, with the base of the feathers green, below duller: bill 
pale; feet lead-colour. Total length about 9 inches, wing 5*7, 
tail 3*4, bill 0*65, tarsus 0*55. 

Hab. Ecuador. 

342 
PSITTACIDJB. 

a. Ad.sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Ooll. | (XYpeso£ 
(Buckley). ^ -fae
i K

b. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. f gp€C j e s \ 
{Buckley). J *-rc. 
Ad. sk. 
Jima, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ley). 
d. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buck- Sclater Coll. 
%). 
€. Ad. sk. Santa Ritp, Ecuador Sclater Coll. 


(Buckley)* 

4. Pionopsittacus amazoBinus. 
Psittacus amazoninus, Des Murs, Rev. ZooL 1845, p. 207; id. Icon. 
Orn. pi. 15 (1845); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 20 (1848; ; 
Brehm, Mm. d. Papay. t. 51. 

Evopsitta amazonina, Bp. JRev. et May. de ZooL 1854, p. 151, n. 70; 

Souance, Rev. et May. de Zool. 1856, p. 153. 
Euopsitta amazonina, Sclat. P. Z. S.1855, p. 102. 
Pyrilia amazonina, Bp. Kaumannia, 1856, Conxp. Psitt. n. 77 ; 

SouancS, Icon. Perr. pi. xxv. (1857). 
Chrvsotis amazonina, G. P. Gr, List Psitt Brit. Mm. p. 85 
(1859). 
Pionias amazoninus, Finsch, Papay. ii. p. 417 (1808); Gieb. The®. 

Orn. iii. p. 189(1877). 
Pyrilia des mursii, G. R. Gr. Handlist, ii. p. 165, n. 8346 (1870). 
Caica amazonina, 8elat. fy 8alv. Komencl. A%\ Neotrop. p. 114, n. 1 

(1873). 
Amazona amazonina, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. SO 

(1874). 
Pionopsitta amazonina, Sdlv. Ibis, 1876, pp. 495, 496. 
Eucinetus amazonicus, Rchnw. Voyelbild. t. xxiv. f. 8 (1878-83). 
Eucinetus amazoninus, Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. IBSl^. 355 (Consp. 

Psitt. p. 195). 

Adult Green; sinciput, sides of the head, cheeks and chin 
dull red; lores yellowish ; crown, temporal region, and ear-coverts 
with yellow-orange streaks; occiput, like the remainder of the upper 
parts, grass-green; throat and upper breast olive-green, lower 
breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts pale or yellowish green; 
small upper wing-coverts, bend of the wing, and small under wing-
coverts red; outermost greater upper wing-coverts blue; bastard-
wing and primary-coverts deeper blue; primaries brown-black, 
with the bases of the outer webs purple-blue; secondaries blue, 
broadly edged with green on the outer webs; greater under wing-
coverts verditer-blue; inner webs of the quills below blue; tail 
blue, with the basal half dull red, brighter and deeper above than 
below: bill horn-grey; feet blackish grey. Total length about 
9 inches, wing 6, tail 3*2, bill 0*75, tarsus 0*5. 

Juv. Like the adult bird; the yellow streaks on. the ear-coverts 
scarcely visible; face duller red ; secondaries green, on the edge of 
the wing only a few pale red feathers; under wing-coverts green-
blue. (F'msch.) 

Hal. New Granada, 

22. pioffOPsruAcirs. 
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Bogota (Ward). Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. ^ 
Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. New Granada. Purchased. 
5. Pionopsittacus haematotis. 
Pionus h&rnatotis, Sclat $ Sate. P. Z. S. I860, p. 300; Sate. 8? 
Sclat Ibis, I860, p. 401, pi. xiii.; Sate. Ibis, 1861, p. 147 (notej ; 
Sonsa, MILS. Nac. Lish. Psittaci, p. 13 (1869) ; Frantz. Journ.f. 
Orn. 1869, p. 366; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 163, n. 8308 (1870). 

Caica hsematotis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 20; id. Cat Am. B. 

p. 356, n. 2126 (1862); Sate. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 158 (Veragua) ; 
Sclat $ Sate. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837; Salv. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 96 ; 
Sclat $ Sate. Nomencl Av. Nieotrqp. p. 114, n. 3 (1873); Salv. 
Ibis, 1874, p. 329; Zeled. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. viii. p. Il l (1885). 
Amazona hsematotis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 65 (1864). 
Pionias^ haematotis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 420 (1868); Gieb'. Thes. 
Or a. iii. p. 190 (1877); Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. k. naturhist. Hofmus. 

iii. p. 40 (1888). 
Eucinetus 
haematotis, Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 355 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 195); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 110 (1883). 

Adult. Green, the abdomen and under tail-coverts lighter; 
pileum and nape brown-olive, each feather with dark shaft and with 
a narrow brown-red edge; frontal edge and lores white; an ill-
defined collar round the neck and the breast brown-olive; sides of 
the head and throat blackish ; on the cheeks a slight reddish-brown 
tinge; ear-coverts stained with blood-red ; chin sometimes white; 
sides of the breast and axillaries bright red; the outermost upper 
wing-coverts, below the bend of the wing, deep blue; bastard-
wing, primary-coverts, and primaries black, washed with deep blue 
on the outer webs, which show a narrow yellowish edge; secondaries 
and greater upper wing-coverts with the outer webs light 
blue, edged with greeu: small under wing-coverts green, more or 
less tinged with deep blue, especially near the carpal edge; greater 
under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills below verditergreen, 
sometimes verditer-blue; tail olive-green, with the tip blue, 
the lateral tail-feathers red on the inner webs except at the tips, 
the outer feathers deep blue on the outer webs ; tail below verditergreen, 
with the inner webs of the lateral feathers, except at the 
tip, dull red: bill horn-white; feet pale horn-brown. Total length 
about 9 inches, wing 5*8, tail 2'5, bill 0*82, tarsus 0*5. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Wants the brown-red narrow edges to the feathers of 

the pileum. 

Hab. Central America from S. Mexico to Yeragua. 

a. Ad. sk. San Lorenzo (Canton de Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Cordova), Mexico, 
June {Ferrari-Perez). 
b. Ad. sk. Rashchi,VeraPaz, March Salvin-Godman Coll.) T 
(O. Salvin). 
I X^ e 
c. Ad. sk. Choctum. Vera Paz, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll.f _„.,. 
) 8peCieS'

(O. Salvin).
344 PSlTrACTDJE. 
d Ad. bk. Choctum, Vera Paz, Jan. Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk.
(0. Salvin). 
Choctum, Vera Paz, Jan. Tweeddale Coll. 
f. Ad. sk(0. Salvin). 
Vera Paz. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad.sk. VeraPaz, Jan. (0. Salvin). Selater Coll. 
A. i $ ad. bk. Yaxcaninal, Guatemala Sah in-Gudinan Coll. 
k. Ad. sk.
(O. Salvin). 
Guatemala. Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Sources of Sarstoon River,
Guatemala, March (O. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
m. Ad. sk.
Salvin). 
San Pedro, Honduras {H. Sclater Coll. 
n. Ad.sk.
Whitehj). 
San Pedro, Honduras (G. Salvin-Godman Cell. 
o. Ad. sk.
M. Whitehj). 
Orange Walk, Brit. HonSalvin-
Godinan Coll. 
duras, December (G. 
p. J ad. sk.
q, r. <$ 2 ad.
F. Gaumer). 
Angostura, Costa Piica,
January (J. CarmioT). 
Santa Fe^Veragua (^ira?). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

0. Piouopsittacus eoccineicoUaris. 
Pionus haematotis ?, var., Later. Ann. Lyc. JV. T. vii. p. 290 (Ibt>2l 
(Panama) j G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 163, n. 8308 (partlm) 
(1870). 

Pionius 
coccinicollaris, Later. Ann. Lyc. K.Y. \ii. p. 47o (1802) 
(Panama). 
Caica kffimatotis, Selat. § Sah. P Z. S. 1604, p. 308 (Panama); 
Salv. Ibis, 1871, pp. 87, 00 (part.) j ztf. SomeneL Av. Xeotrop* 

p. 114, n. 3 (1873) (part.) 
Pionias hgernatotis (part), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 420 (1868); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 100 (lb77) (part.). 
Pionius coccineicollis, Index P. Z. S. 18*0-70, p. 38o (1872); 
"Lawr" (errore), Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 190 (in $y?i. P. ha;iiiatoti&) 
(1877). 

Caica eoccineicoUaris, Sah. Ibis, 1871, p. 98, 
Aroazona kseinatotis, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, Petite, p. 20 
(Panama) (1874). 
Eucinetus hsematotis, Pclmw. Journ. f. Orn. 3881, p. 355 {Comp. 
PsitL p. 195) (part.); id. Vogelbild. Xachtr. 110 (lfc8;i) (pait.j. 

Similar to P. Juematotis, but with a rose-red collar below the 
black of the throat; apparently the feathers of the pileum are never 
edged with brown-red, but constantly with olive-brown; the white 
on the chin seems constant. 

Bab. Panama. 

As already noticed by Mr. Salvin, the red collar below the black 
of the throat is a feature possessed by the Panama bird only, not 
even the Santa-Pe examples showing any indication of it. This 
marking is absent in some specimens from Panama, and these can 
only be distinguished by the darker feathers of the pileum 3ia\ing 
olive-brown edges. 

22. PioxoPsiTTAcrs. 345 
a, b, c. S $ ad. sk. Isthmus of Panama (MeSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Leannan). 
d. Ad. &k. Paraiso Station, Isthmus Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
of Panama (A. Hughes). 
e. Ad. sk. Panama. Sclater Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Panama? Lieut. Davies [P.]. 

7. PioEopsittacus caica. 
Perruche a tete noire de Cayenne, DAubent. PI. JEnl. 774. 
Caica, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 253 (1779). 
Hooded Parrot, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 306, n. 313 (1781); id. Gen. 


Hist. ii. p. 257 (1822). 
Psittacus Mstrio, JBodd. Tabl. PI Enl p. 46 (1783) {nee Mull. 1776); 

G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 17 (1846); id. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 74 (1859). 
Pbittacus pileatus, Gm. (iiec Scop.) S. A7, i. p. 347? n. 125 (1788); 

Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 542 (1811); Vieill. Em. Meth. iii. p. 1403 

(1823). 
Le Perroquet Caica, Levaill. Perr. pi. 133 (1805). 
't Growled Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 259 (Trinidad) (1822). 
Pbittacula pileata, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 142 (1820). 
Pionus caica, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 609 (1832). 
Poicephalus pileatus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 
Psittacus rnelanocephalus, Brehm^ Man. d. Papag. t. 52 (1854). 
Caica pileata, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 109; Souance, 

Bev. etllag. de Zool. 1856, p. 155; Bp. JSauma?mia> 1856, Consp. 

Psitt. n. 109. 
Pionus pileatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 193 (note) (1856). 
Caica Mstrio, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 2GQ; id. Cat Am. B. p. 355, 

n. 2125 (1862) j G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8293 (1870); 
Sclat. $ Salv. Komencl Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 6 (1873); iid. 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 300; Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 69: Toes. Orn. Per. iii. 
p. 228, Tabl. p. 100 (1886). 
Amazona liistrio, Schler/. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 64 (1864); id. op. 
eit. Beime, u. 29 (1874). 
Pionias liistrio, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 429 (1868); Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 2&2 (note), 449 (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 190 
(1877). 

Eucinetus 
liistrio, Bchmv. Vogelbild. t. xsxv. f. 6 (1878-83); id. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 356 (Consp. Psitt. p. 196). 

Adult male. Green, lighter and brighter below; the under tail-
coverts yellowish green; head black; feathers of the hind neck 
tawny, with brown edges, producing a scale-like appearance; 
throat and upper breast olive-brown ; bastard-wing and primary-
coverts deep blue, edged with green on the outer edges; primaries 
black, the first uniform, the remaining with green outer edges ; 
under wing-coverts green, the greater ones and the inner webs of 
the quills below malachite-green; tail green, with the tip above 
blue, below green: inner webs, except at the tips, of the lateral 

346 PSI1TACIDJE. 

tail-feathers yellow: bill pale horn-colour; cere darker; feet dusky; 
"iris red-hazel" (H. WMtely). Total length about 9 inches, wing 
5*7, tail 2-7, bill 0-74, tarsus 05 . 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Pileum green, cheeks olive-green; a collar round the 
neck olive-brown; no dark edges to the feathers of the hind neck. 
Hab. Cayenne, British Guiana, and perhaps also on Eio Javarri, 
Upper Amazons. 

I have only been able to examine specimens from Guiana: the 
one in the Sclater Collection, said to be from Para, was obtained from 
a dealer, and has no reliable locality on the label; specimens from 
Eio Javarri, collected by Bates (P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266), are not in 
the British Museum, 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. ^ Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. [J>ara] S. America. Sclater CoU. 
e. Ad. sk. Demerara. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. British Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. h, i, <$ $ ad.; Bartica Grove, British Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g juv. sk. May, August, & September 
(H. WMtely). 
h, I Juv. sk. River Carimang, Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
July & August (H. WMtely). 

8. Pionopsittacus barrabandi. 
Le Caica Barraband, LevaiU. Hist. Perr. ii. p. 102, pi. 134 (1805). 
P&ittacus Caica, var., Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 542 (1811). 
Psittacus barrabandi, Kuhl, Co?isp. Psitt. p. 61 (1820); Spiv, Ai\ 

Bras. i. p. 45 (1824); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 746 (1831); G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 18 (1846); Breton, Mon. d. Papag. t. 53; 

G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 24 (1859). 
Psittacula barrabandi, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 142 (1826). 
Psittacus pileatus, var., Less. Tr. oVOm. p. 198 (1831). 
Pionus barrabandi, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 610 (1832) ; Burm. Syst. 
Ueb. ii. p. 193 (note) (1856). 
Poicephalus barrabaudi (sic), Sw. Class. B. p. 301 (1837). 
Caica barrabandi, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. Ill ; 

Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 155; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. Ill; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266. 1*58, 

p. 76; Sclat 8f Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 197, 1867, p. 753 ; Soma, 
Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 12 (1869); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 161, n. 8294 (1870); Sclat. $ Salv. Kemencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 114, n. 4 (1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 300; Tacs. Orn. Per. 
Si. p. 229, Tabl. p. 100 (1886); Garl. Jour. /. Orn. 1889, 
p. 291; Bed. Joum.f. Orn. 1889, p. 317. 
Amazona barrabandi, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 65 (1864) j id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 30 (1874). 
Pionias barrabandi, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 425 (1861): Pelz Om 
Bras. pp. 262, 447, liii (1871). 
Pionias barrabaudi (sic), Gieb. TJies. Orn. iii. p. 189 (1877). 
Eucinetus barrabandi, Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxiv. f. 4 (1678-83): id 

Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 357 (Consp. Psitt. p. 197). 

22, PIONOPSITTACUS. 

347 

Adult. Green, the abdomen with a slight bluish tinge; head and 
chin black; cheeks orange-yellow, surrounded underneath by a 
black band, joining the black chin; throat and breast olive; thighs 
yellow, sometimes tinged with red; smaller upper wing-coverts 
along the cubital edge orange-yellow, with the base of the feathers 
red; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries black, with a 
blue tinge; secondaries and greater upper wing-coverts black, with 
the outer webs blue, edged with green, the green colour increasing 
on the inner feathers ; carpal edge and the whole of the under wing-
coverts orange-vermilion, the feathers along the carpal edge 
bordered with orange; inner webs of the quills below green; tail 
above green, with the tip blue, the inner webs of the lateral 
feathers, except at the tip, yellow; tail below green, with the inner 
webs of the lateral feathers, except at the tip, yellow : bill horn-
brown : feet dusky green (?); " iris red" (Spice). Total length 
about 10 inches, wing 6-7, tail 2-7, bill 0*87, tarsus 0*6. 

Female, Like the male. 

Young. Pileum brown; feathers of the forehead, nape, cheeks, 
and chin olive, edged with brown; cubital edge green, with a few 
yellow feathers; a few green feathers along the metacarpal edge 
and among the greater under wing-coverts; primaries edged with 
yellow towards the tip of the outer webs. 

Bah. Upper Amazon Yalley to the base of the Andes. 

The statement that this species is found also in British Guiana 

rests only on the specimen mentioned below as collected there 

by R. Schomburgk ; but as the species is not mentioned in Sehom


burgk's * Reise,' I suppose there is some mistake about that locality. 

Taczanowski and perhaps other ornithologists describe the female 
as differing from the male, but I have no doubt they have mistaken 
the young bird for the female. 

a. Ad. sk. [British Guiana.] Sir R. Schomburgk [P.]. 
b. (S ad. sk. Marabitanas, Brazil, March Sclater Coll. 
(Natterer). 
c. $ ad. sk. Marabitanas, Brazil, April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Natter er). 
d. Ad. sk. R. Amazons'. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Ega. 
Purchased. 
g. Ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f, 

i. Ad. et Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll. 

juv. sk. %)• 

k. ? juv. sk. Sarayacu,Ecuador(i?wc&%). Sclater Coll. 
i. $ ad. sk. Loretoyacu, Upper Amazons, Sclater Coll. 
November (Hauxwrtl). 
m, n. <$ J ad. Samiria, Upper Amazons, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. November (Hauzwell). 


9. Pionopsittacus pyrilia. 
Psittacula 
pvrilia, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxvii. p. 807 (note) (1853); 
id. Not. Coll. Delaftre, p. 2 (note) (1854). 
Evopsitta pyrilia, Bp. Rev. et Mag. tie ZooL 1854, p. 151, n. 78. 

348 
PSITIACTDJE. 

Pyrilia typica, Bp. Xaumannia, 18 J6, Consp. Psitt. n. 76 ; Souauce, 

Icon. Perr. pi. xx\i. (1857). 

Ckrysotis pyrilia, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 84 |1859). 

Pionias pyrilia*, 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 419 (180S); G-7e6. Tkes. 

Orn. iii. p. 192 (1877). 

Pionias pyrilias, Finsch, op. cit. ii. 2, p. 902 (1868). 

Pyrilia pyrilia, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 1(55, n. 8347 (1870). 

Caica pynlia, Sclat.fySalv. Xomencl Av. Xeotrop. p. 14, n. 2 {lb78); 

Wyatt, Ibis, 1872, pp. 126, 881 ; Sclat. § Sate. ibid, (note); lid. 

P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 
237, 238, 1879, p. 588; Perl. Jour. f. Orn. 
1884, p. 319. 
Eucinetus pyrillus, Pchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 386 (Con«p. Psitt. 

p. 196); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 112 (18b3). 
Adult. Green, paler underneath ; head and throat yellow; ear-

coverts washed with red; nape, throat, and upper breast olive; 

thighs with some yellow and red feathers ; small upper wing-eoverts 

along the cubital edge yellow, with the bases red; the outermost 

median wing-coverts partly blue, the greater ones blue, edged with 

green; bastard-wing and primary-coverts black; primaries black, 

with a blue tinge and narrow blue-green edges; the first primary 

entirely black; secondaries black-blue, with green edges on the 

outer webs: the whole of the under wing-coverts, and also the 

axillaries, the sides, and the carpal edge red; inner webs of the 

quills underneath green ; tail above green, with the tip blue ; the 

inner webs of the lateral tail-feathers, except at the tip, yellow; 

the outer tail-feather has the outer web blue; tail under


neath green, slightly bluish at the tip, and yellowish on the inner 

webs of the feathers : bill horn-white; feet dusky (olive ?): fct iris 

dark brown ; naked skin round the eyes v^hite J" ( Wyatt). Total 

length about 9 inches, wing 5*8, tail 2 8, bill 0-75, tarsus 0*5. 

Female. Like the male. 

Toiuig. No yellow on the head, which is green, with an olive 

tinge on the sides; throat olive, like the upper part of the breast; 

no yellow on the smaller upper wing-coverts, which are green ; 

metacarpal edge 
green, with a few red feathers; smaller under 

wing-coverts red, but the greater ones green; the primaries have 

narrow yellow edges towards the tips. 

Hah, Colombia and Venezuela. 

a. Ad. sk. Columbia ( Wyatt). Sclater Coll. 
b 
<$ ad. sk. Naranjo, Magdalena Valley Salvin-Godman Cull. 
{Wyatt). 


c. Ad. sk. Between Quito and Bogota Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Villagomez). 
d. S 
ad. sk. San Ohristoval, Venezuela Salvin-Godaian Coll. 
(Goering)^. 
Sclater Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Medellin, U. S. of Colombia 
(Salmon). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f g.cS 2 ad. sk. Eemedios, U. S. of Colombia 
(Sabnon). 

Sclater Coll. 

h, 5 juv. sk. Remedios, U. S. of Colombia 
(Salmon). 

* An potius pyrdla, Fin&eli, /. r. (noU*) ? 
349 

23., GrPOPsrTTAOTJs. 

23. GOTOPSirTACtTS. 
Type. 
Gypopsitta, Bp. Nxumannla, 1856, Consp. Psitt. gen. 25. G. vulturinus. 

Eange. Lower Amazon Valley. 

1. Gyp apsittacus valturinns. 
Prilttacus vulturinus, III. in Mas. Berol; KahJ, Consp. Psitt. p. 62 

(1820); L*ss. Tr. d'Om. p. 199 (1831); Four/. Perr. pi. 51) (1837


38); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 19 (1846); id. LUt Psitt. 

Brit. Mus. p. 74 (1859). 

Psittacula? vulturina, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 142 (1826). 

Piomis vulturinus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 610, t. xxiv. f. 1 (1832); 

Bunn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 194 (note) (1856). 

Caica 
vulturina, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 113 ; 
Sclnt. # Sah. P. Z. S. 1887, pp. 588, 595; Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. 
Psittaci,p. 12 (1869) ; Sclat. § Salv. NomencL Av. Neotrop. p. 114, 

n. 5(1873). 
Gvpop^itta vulturina, Bp. Xaionannia, 1856, Con^p. Psitt. n. 112; 
"G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 162, n. 8296 (1870). 
Amazona vulturina, Schlecj. Mm. P.-B. P&ittaci, p. 66 (1864); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 30 (1874). 
Pionias vulturinus, Fimeh, Papaq. ii. p. 427 (1868); Pelz. Orn. 
Bras. pp. 262, 447, liii (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 193 (1877). 
Eucinetus 
vulturinus, Rchiw. Vogelbild. t. xxiv. f. 7 (1878-83); id. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 357 (Consp. Psitt. p. 197). 

Adult. Green, abdomen with a bluish tinge; head naked, or, 
rather, covered with hairs; bare skin of the head black, except on 
the forehead and lores, where it is light, perhaps whitish ; the hairs 
are black on the black skin, and whitish on the forehead and lores ; 
the naked head surrounded behind by a broad band, formed by 
yellow feathers tipped with black; nape blackish; throat olive-
yellow, with the feathers edged with black; thighs yellow stained 
with red; smaller upper wing-coverts orange, the innermost ones, 
the carpal edge, and the whole of the under wing-coverts red; on 
the bend of the wing the orange feathers are tinged with red; some 
of the outermost median and greater upper wing-coverts blue, edged 
with green; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries black, 
with the outer webs deep blue ; secondaries black, with the outer 
webs green, passing into blue towards the tips ; inner webs of the 
quills below green ; tail green, with the tip blue above and green 
below, the inner webs of the tail-feathers, except at the tip, yellow: 
bill horn-grey, darker at the tip and along the culmen ; cere whitish ; 
feet brown. Total length about 9 inches, wing 6*2, tail 2*8, bill 
0*8, tarsus 0*5. 

Young. Head naked only on the forehead and lores, the rest 
covered with short green feathers, yellowish at the bases ; similar 
feathers cover also the hind neck, which is not black; the orange 
band along the cubital edge and also the red carpal edge are partly 
green ; the greater under wing-coverts partly green. 

Jfab. Lower Amazon Valley, from Para to Burba. 

350 
PSITTACID.F. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America (A. B. Wallace':). Purchased. 
b. Juv. sk. Para (A. B. Wallace), Sclater Coll. 
c. 
tfimm.sk. Amazons {Orton). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
24. 
UB0CHB03OL _ 
Type. 
Pyrrhulopsis, Bp. {nee Rchib.) Bed. et Mag. de 
' Zool. 1854, p. 152 XT. hueti, 
Touit, G. B. Gr. List Gen. $ Subg. B. p. 89, n. 
1508 (1855) U. hueti. 
Urochroma, Bp. Kaumannia, 1856, Consp. Bsitt. 
gea. 30 U. hueti. 
Urochroa, Sund. Meth. nat. Ai\ di^jp. Tent. p. 70 
(1872) (nom. emend.) (nee Gould, 1856) U. purpurata. 
Euchroura, Bchiw. Jour a. f. Orn. 1881, p. 351.. U. purpurata. 

Range. Prom Colombia and Guiana to the Amazon Valley, and 
South-eastern Brazil. 

Key to the Species* 

a. 
Scapulars black or brown. 
a'. Back and scapulars blackish brown; underpays 
glaucous, or greyish green. 
a". Wing with a broad gi eenish-yellow band 
on the greater upper wing-coverts; smaller 
and median upper wing-coverts black ... . cingulata, p. <>">1. 

b". No yellow band on the wing; rump black ; 
upper wing-coverts green; lateral tail-
feathers red, with a broad black band near 
the tips wiedi, p. 352. 

b'. Back green, contrasting with the black or 
brown scapulars. 
c'r. Rump blue,- tail purple-red; female with 
a green band at the tip of the tail purpurata, p. 353. 

d". 
Rump with no distinct blue patch, only 
with a slight bluish tinge ; tail ochre-
yellow surda, p. 354. 

b. Scapulars green, like the back. 
c'. Forehead and anterior part of the cheeks, or 
forehead alone, blue. 
e". Under wing-coverts, except the greater ones, 
and axillaries red; tail in the male purple-
red, green in the female............ hueti) p. 355. 

f. 
Outermost under wing-coverts red, the 
innermost ones and axillaries yellow; tail 
mostly yellow, with a black band at the tip. dikctimma, p. 3o6. 
df. Head entirely green, with no blue whatever j 
under wing-coverts green j tail green, with a 
brown-yellow tinge on the inner webs of the 
lateral tail-feathers and below. 


g'\ Upper wing-coverts brown, with lighter 
tips; outermost upper greater wing-coverts 
orange . ; sfictoptera, p. 357. 

h". 
Upper wing-coverts green, black in the 
middle, none of them orange emma>, p. 357. 

351 

24 . TTEOCKROMA, 
1. Urocliroma cingulata. 
Petite Perruche de Tlsle de Lucon, cinquieme espece, Somier. Toy. a 
la Kouv. Guin. p. 78, pi. 41 (1776); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 137 
(1875); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 305 (1881). 

Black-winged Perroquet, Brown, Illustr. pi. viii. (1770); Lath. Syn. 

L p. 316 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 270 (1822). 
Petite Perruche de Batavia, JD'Aubent. PL Enl. 791. f. 1. 
Perruche aux ailes varices, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 172 (1779). 
Psittaca batavica, Bodd. Tabl PL Enl. p. 49 (1783). 
Psittacus cingulatus, Scop, Bel. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. p. 86, n. 22 

(1786). 

Psittacus melanopterus, Gm. (nee Scop.) S. N. i. p. 350; n. 132 
(1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 132, n. 152 (1790); Shaw, Naf. 
Misc. pi. 132 (1793); id. Gm. Zool. viii. 2, p. 548, pi. 83 (1811) ; 
Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 373 (1817); KuU, Consp. Psitt. p. 60 (1820) ; 
Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1404 (1823); Votgt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 746 
(1831). 

Le Perruche Javane, Levaill. Perr. pi. 69 (1801). 
Psittacus micropterus, Kuhl, Consp. Psitt, p. 67 (1820) {ex Sonnerat) ; 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 747 (1831). 

Psittacula melanoptera, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 142 (1826); Less. 
Tr. (TOrn. p. 201 (1831) ; Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 619 (1832); Eartl. 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 197 
(note) (1856). 

Psittacula 
batavica, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 5 (1846) ; id. 
List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 87 (1859) ; Leot. Ois. de File de la Trinid. 

p. 331 (1866). 
Pyrrhulopsis melanopterus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, 
*n. 127; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 156; Sousa, Mus. 
Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 13 (18b9). 
Urochroma melanoptera, .&£?. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 129; 
Sclat Cat. Am. B« p. 356, n. 2129 (1862) ; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, 
j>. 94; Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 169 (Venezuela). 

Psittacula 
cingulata, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 69 (1864) ; 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 678 (1868); id. P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 533, 
586; Schleg. op. cit. Eevue, p. 30 (1874); Gieb, Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 327 (1877). 
Loriculus (Cyclop&itta ?) micropterus, v. Mart. Journ.f. Orn. 1866, 
p. 22. 
Urochroma batavica, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 167, n. 8359 
(1870). 
Urocliroma cingulata, Sclat. § Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 115, 

n. 4 (1873); Salv. Cat. B. Strichl. Coll. p. 469 (1882). 
Eucinetus cingulatus, Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxiv. f. 2 (1878-83). 
Euehroura cingulata, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 360 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 200). 

Adult male. Head and neck green-yellow, yellower on the fore-
bead ; on the nape and on the sides of the neck the feathers have 
darker edges, producing a scale-like appearance; back, rump, 
scapulars, and smaller and median upper wing-coverts black; median 
upper tail-coverts black, the longest greenish, the lateral ones 
yellowish green; underparts glaucous, greener on the abdomen 
and under tail-coverts; greater upper wing-coverts green yellow, 
passing into green and then into blue at the apical half; bastard


352 
PSITT^CIDiC. 

wing and primary-coverts black; quills black, the primaries with 
narrow green edges on the outer webs, the tertials green-yellow on the 
outer webs ; metacarpal edge with a rose-coloured longitudinal mark ; 
under wing-coverts near the edge of the wing black, the remainder 
blue, but the greater ones, like the inner webs of the quills below, 
verditer-blue; tail pink rose-colour, with a mauve mark, the two 
central feathers nearly uniform, the lateral ones with a black bind 
near the tip : " bill whitish yellow ; feet pale ; iris brown J" {Lhtawl). 
Total length about 0-4 inches, wing 4*6, tail 1*9. bill 0 7, tar^u^ 0*4. 

Ft male. Like the male {Lhtcmd). 
Young. More bluish on the breast, and with the tail-feathers 
more reddish (Leotaud). 
Hob. Trinidad and Venezuela. 

a. Ad. sk. R. America. Baron Langirt* C »11. 
/;. Ad. sk. S. America. Baron Laujfier Coll. 
c. Ad. <k. R. America. 
Purchased. 
d. Ad sk. Trinidad. 
SeLrter Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Trinidad. 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 
f. Ad. bk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. 
g, h, i. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. Tweeddale Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Venezuela. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. [Cayenne] (Jelshi). Salun-Godman Coil. 
2. Urochtoma wiedi. 
Pteittacus melmonofcus, Lichf. (nee Shaw) in Mm. BeroL ; JVied, R>h. 

Bras. i. p. 275 (1820); Kuhl, Conip.1% tt. p. 59 (1820). 
Pbittacus erythrums, Pr. Maxim., fide Kuld, I. c. [nee Kuhl). 
Coffee-backed Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii. p. 202 (1822). 
Psittacula melanotus Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 142 (132<>): Less. Tr. 

d'Orn. p. 202 (1831). 
Paittacus melanotus, Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 250 (1832); Hcdui, Orn. 
At!., Papag. p. 8,% t. 63 (1836). 

Psittacula melanota, Wagl. Mon. Pdtt. p. 620 (1832); Ilartl. Sy*f. 
Verz. Ges. Mies. p. 88 (1844); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423? n. 6 
(1846) 

Psittacula melanonota, Bourj. Perr. pi. 95 (1837-38); Burm. Si/tf, 
Ueb. ii. p. 196 (1856); G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p." fe7 
(1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 70 (1864); Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 675 (1868) j Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 268 (note), 449 
(1871); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 31 (1874); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 328 (1877). 

Psittacula melanonotus, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 71 (1854). 
Pyrrkulopsis melanotus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, 

n. 130; SouancS, Rev, et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 156. 
Urochroma melanonota, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 128; 
Select. Cat. Am. B. p. 356, n. 2130 (1862); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 

ii. p. 167, n. 8360 (1870); Sclat. fy Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neoirop. 
p. 115, n. 3 (1873); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 469 (1882). 
Pyrrhulopbis melanonotus, Soma, Mus. Nae. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 13 
(1869). 
Eueliroura melanonota, Rchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 359 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 199); id. Vogelbihl Nachtr. 114 (1883). 
Urochroma 
wiedi, Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hint. ii. p. 264 
(1889). 

24 . TJEOCHROMA. 
353 

Adult. Green; back, scapulars, and rump brownish black; 
clieeks, throat, flanks, and under tail-coverts light green; breast 
and abdomen glaucous with a greenish tinge; primary-coverts and 
secondaries brown-black; primaries black, edged with green on the 
outer webs • along the metacarpal edge an obscure dull reddish 
mark; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills 
below glaucous green; two central tail-feathers green, the lateral 
ones red at the base, and with a broad black band near the tip, 
which is green • the outer tail-feather purple on the outer web: 
" bill dusky yellowish, brownish grey on the edges and at the tip : 
feet yellowish grey; iris brownish grey" (Wied). Total length 
6-2 inches, wing 4-1, tail 1*6, bill 0-6, tarsus 0*42. 

Female. Like the male, only a little duller. 

Hah. South-eastern Brazil. 

a. Ad. &k. S, America. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll. 
c. Ad.-sk. Bahia (Wttcherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Urochroma purpurata. 
Purple-tailed Parrakeet, Lath, Syn. i. p. 315, n. 121 (1781); id. op, 
cit. Suppl. ii. p. 95, n. 27 (1802); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 2(58 (1822). 

Psittacus purpuratus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 350, n. 130 (1788; ; Lath. hid. 
Om. i. p. 132, n. 150 (1790); Xuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. GO (1820); 
VieilL line. Metli. iii. p. 1410 (1823); Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. 

p. 723 (1848). 
Psittacus porphyrurus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. p. 547, pi. 16 (1790) ; id. 
Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 547 (1811). 
Psittacus marginatus, VieilL (neo Lath.) N. D. xxv. p. 379 (1817). 
Psittacula purpurata, Steph. Gen. Zool, xiv. p. 142 (1820); Less. Tr, 

d'Orn. p. 203 (1831); WagL Mon. Psitt. p. 618 (1832); G. B. Gr. 
Gen. B, ii. p. 423, n. 3 (1840) ;.JBurm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 197 (note) 
(1856); G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 88 (1859); Sclilet/. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 68 (1804); Finsoh, Papag. ii. p. 080 
(1868); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 261, 449, liv (1871); id. Ibis, 1873, 

p. 32; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 30 (1874); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 329 (1877). 
? Psittacus madagascariensisj Scho?nb. (nee Briss.) Guian, iii. p. 723 
(1848). 
Pyrrhulopsis purpuratus, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, 

n. 126; Souance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 156; Sousa, Mus. 
Mac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 13 (1869). 
Pyrrhulopsis porphyrurus, Bp. Bev. et Mag, de Zool. 1854, p. 152? 

n. 128. 
Urochroma purpurata, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 125 ; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. xxvii. (1857); Sclat. Cat. Am. B. p. 356, 

n. 2131 (1862): Mat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 589, 595 (note) ; 
G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 167, n. 8362 (1870) ; Sclat. $ Salv. 
Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 115, n. 5 (1873); Salv. Ibis, 1886, 
p. 70; W. L. Sclat. Ibis, 1887, p. 317. 
Urochroma porphyrura, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 12/. 
Psittacula vnidicauda, G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 88 (? ) 
(1859) 5 Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 68 (1864). 

VOL. XX. ^ A 

354 PSITTACIDiB. 

Urockroma viridicauda, G. B. Gr, Hand-list, ii. p. 167, n. 8363 
(1870). 
Eucinetus purpuratus, Bchnw, Vogelbild. in the text of pi. xxiv. £. 3 

(1878-83). 
Eucinetus viridicauda, Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxiv. f. 3 (1878-83). 
Euchroura puipurata, Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 358 (Consp. 

Psitt. p. 198). 
Euchroura viridicauda, Rchno. Journ. /. Orn. 1881, p. 359 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 199). 

Adult* Green, underparts lighter; crown olive-brown, ear-coverts 
with a brownish tinge ; rump blue; sides of the rump, flanks, and 
upper tail-coverts bright green; scapulars brownish black * sides 
of the body yellowish green; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and 
quills black, with the outer webs edged with green,* metacarpal 
edge purple-blue; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs of 
the primaries below dull greenish; two central tail-feathers green, 
tipped with black, the lateral ones purple-red edged with black at 
the tip and on the outer web : bill lead-colour, yellow towards the 
tip; feet grey. Total length about 6-8 inches, wing 44, tail 1*9, 
bill 0*65, tarsus 0-4. 

Female, Like the male, from which it differs in having the scapulars 
paler brown and a broad green band at the tip of the 
lateral tail-feathers; the black edge of the same feathers is confined 
to the tip, and is wanting on the outer edge. 

Hob, Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazons. 

a. Ad. sk. Demerara. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Demerara. Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll. 
d. Ad. sk,
e,f. $ ad. sk. 
British Guiana (H. Whitely 
Bartica Grove, British G).
uiana, 
Salvin-Godman Goll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Aug. (jff. Whitely). ^ 
g.
k 
5 ad. sk. 
$ ad. sk. 
Eoraima, British(JET. Whitely). 
Cayenne. 
Guiana, Nov. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Eiocour Coll. 
i. Ad. sk.
k $ ad. sk. 
Oyapoc, Cayenne. 
Capim Eiver (Wallace). 
' Salvin-Godman Coll 
Sclater Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased. (Type of 
P. vij'idicauda,Gv.) 
m. Ad. sk. Purchased. 

4. Urochroma sur&a. 
Psittacus surdus, El in Mus. Berol; KuM} Consp, Psitt p. 59 
(1820); Wied, Beitr, iv. p. 252 (1832) ; Hahnf Orn, ML Papao. 

p. 55, t. 40 (1835). ' * y 
Psittacus ochrurus, Princ. Maximil}fide KuU, Consp, Psitt, p. 59 
(1820). l 
Psittacus chryseurus, Sw. Zool III, iii. pi. 141 (1822-23): Isis, 1829, 

p. 1005. ? ? ' 
Psittacula surda, Stepk Gen, Zool. xiv. p. 141 (1826) • Waal Mon, 
Psitt p. 620 (1832); Hartl Syst Verz. Ges, Mm. p. 88 (1844): 
G, B, Gr, Gen. B, ii. p. 423, n. 7 (1846) ; Burm, Syst Ueb, ii 

24 . UROCH-ROMA. 
355 

p. 195 (1856); G. E. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mns. p. 88 (1850); 
Bckleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 70 (1864) ; Mnseh, Papaq. ii. 
p. 672 (1868); Pel*. Orn. Bras. pp. 208, 448 (1871); Bcfileg. op. 
cit. Heme, p. 31 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 330 (1877). 
Pyrrkulopsis surdus, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 152, n. 120 ; 
Souance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 156: iSoum, Mus. Nac. 
Zisb. Psittaci, p. 13 (1869). 

Urochroma 
surda, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 126; 
Souance, Icon. Berr. pi. xxxviii. (1857); Bclat. Cat. Am, B. 

p. 356, ii. 2132 (1862); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 167, n. 8364 
(1870); Bclat. $ Balv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 2 (1873); 
Solo. Cat. B. BtricH. Coll. p. 469 (1882). 
Eucinetus surdus, Bchniv. Vogelbild. t. xxiv. f. 1 (1878-83). 
Euchroura stirda, Bchiw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 359 (Consp. Bsitt. 

p. 199). 
Adult male. Green, paler below; forehead, lores, pcriophthalinic 
region, and anterior part of the cheeks oohraceous yellow; an olive 
tinge on the hind neck, and a very slight bluish one on the rump; 
scapulars olive-brown; sides of the body yellowish green ; bastard-
wing and primary-coverts blackish brown, with narrow bluish-green 
edges on the outer webs ; quills blackish brown, with the outer 
webs edged with green; metacarpal edge bluish green; under 
wing-coverts light green, like the under surface of the body; greater 
under wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills below dull greenish; 
two central tail-feathers green, tipped with black, the lateral ones 
golden ochre, not yellow, edged with black at the tip, and with 
dusky green on the outer webs: bill yellowish, with the base leadcolour 
; feet dusky; iris grey. Total length about 6*36 inches, wing 

4-8, tail 2, bill 0*65, tarsus 0-4. 

Female. Like the male, but the two central tail-feathers uniform 
green, with no black tips, and the remainder with green edges at 
the tip. 


Hab. South-eastern Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Baron Laugier Coll 
b. Ad. sk. S. America. 
Gould Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
<?. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll, 
f g Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h'.Ad. sk. Novo Fribonrgo, Prov. of Rio Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Janeiro (J. Youds). 

i. Ad. sk. Rio Claro, Prov. Goyaz Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Joyner). 
5. Urochroma hueti 
Psittacus huetii, Temm. PI. Col 491 (1830); Less. Compl. de Buff., 
Ois. is. (1837), 2nd ed. p. 698 (1838). . 

Psittacula 
hueti, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 619 (1832); fouy Perr. 
pi. 93 (1837-38); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. n. p. 423, n. 4 (1846); id. 
list Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 88 (1852); Bchleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 

p. 69 (1860); Uot. Ois. de Vile de la Trinidad, p. 332 (18bb); 
ymsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 684 (1868); id. P Z 8 lb<0, p. 58b; 
2 A 2 

356 PSITTAOID-aS. 

Pek. Orn. Bras.^.268 (note) (1871); Sehleg.Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Heme, p. 30 (1874) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 328 (1877). 

Pyrrhnlopsis hueti, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Z00L 1854, p. 152,n. 125 ; 
Souance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 156; Soma, Mus. Nac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 13 (1869). 

Urochroma hueti, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 12-4 ; $?Zotf. 

P. Z. S. 1857, p. 19; Sclat. $ Hah. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 753, 759 ; 
G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 167, n. 8361 (1870); Sclat 4* Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 301; iid. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 115, 12. 6 
(1873); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Colly. 469 (1882); Tacz. Orn. Per. 
iii. p. 217 (1886). 
Eucliroura hueti, Behnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 360 (Camp. Psitt. 
p. 200j; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr.'lld (1883). 
Adult male. Green, under parts paler and yellower; forehead 
and lores deep blue, nearly black; anterior part of the cheeks 
bright blue ; crown and hind neck with a slight olive tinge ; sides 
of the body yellow-green; under tail-coverts yellow-green, with the 
inner webs greener, sometimes the longest entirely yellow; thighs 
bluish; bend of the wing, under wing-coverts, and axillaries 
scarlet; outermost upper wing-coverts deep blue, the greater ones 
green at the base, blue at the tip, the blue portion diminishing 011 
the inner ones; bastard-wing and primary-coverts black, edged 
with blue on the outer webs; primaries black, edged with green on 
the outer webs; outermost secondaries on the outer webs blue 
towards the base, green towards the tip, the innermost ones with the 
outer webs entirely green; greater under wing-coverts and inner 
webs of the quills below dull green; two central tail-feathers 
entirely green, the lateral ones purple-red with a black band near 
the tip, which is green : bill yellowish; feet greyish brown. Total 
length about 6-8 inches, wing 4*6, tail 1*7, bill 0*62, tarsus 0*4. 

Female. Like the male, only the tail has no red colour, and it is 
almost wholly green, with the inner webs of the lateral tail-feathei s 
yellowish green; there is a black band, more or less distinct, near 
the tip of all the tail-feathers. 

Young. The blue colour on the forehead and lores is wanting. 
Hab. Trinidad, Yenezuela, Guiana, Cayenne (?), E. Ecuador, and 

E. Peru. 
a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. st.
c. Ad. sk. 
Cayenne (?). 
British Guiana (?). 
Baron Laugier Coll. 
E. Sehombuigk [C.j. 
Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Buckley). 
Xeberos {Bartlett). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sclater Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Upper Amazons. Gould Coll, 

6. Urochroma dilectissima. 
Urochroma dilectissima, Sclat. fy Bah. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 788, 
pi. xlvii.; iid. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 115, n. 7 (1873); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. Hi. p. 742 (1877). 

Euchroura dilectissima, Behmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 361 (Comn 
Psitt. p. 201) ; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr/116 (1883). 

24 . TJKOCHEOMA. 
357 

Adult male. Green, the underparts lighter and more yellowish; 
forehead blue, crown glaucous; a small spot on the middle of the 
frontal edge, between the nostrils, lores, and a streak under tho 
eyes scarlet; anterior and lower part of the checks and chin yellow ; 
cubital edge black; bend of the wing, upper and under wing-coverts, 
bastard-wing, and innermost primary-coverts scarlet; outermost 
primary-coverts black; quills black, edged with green on the outer 
webs; innermost under wing-coverts yellow; the outermost greater 
ones, and inner webs of the quills below, dull green; tail-feathers 
yellow, on the outer webs edged with green, all, except tho two 
outer ones, tipped with black, the black tip increasing towards the 
central feathers, which have a green portion between the yellow base 
and the black tips : bill yellowish at tho tip, lead-colour at the 
base ; feet dark lead-colour : "iris pale yellow-brown " (Goering). 
Total length 6*6 inches, wing 4-5, tail 1*8, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*45. 

Female. Differs from the male in having very little red on the 
bend of the wing ; tho bastard-wing black, like the primary-coverts, 
and the outer wing-coverts green like the inner ones : " iris pale 
brown" {Goering). 

Hah. Venezuela. 

a. 
tf ad. sk. South of Merida, Venezuela (B. Goering). Sclater Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. 5 ad. sk. Esquuque, Trujillo, Venezuela (S. Goering). Sclater Coll. 
7. XTrochroma stictoptera. 
Urockroma stictoptera, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 112, pi. xi.; id. Cat 
Am. B. p. 357, n. 2133 (1862); G. & Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 167, 

n. 8365 (1870); Sclat. $* Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 114, 
n. 1 (1873). 
Psittacula stictoptera, Finsch, Papag. ii. 2, p. 671 (1868) j Gieh. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 330 (1877). 
Euchroura stictoptera, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 358 (Consp. 
Psitt p. 198); id. VogelUld. Nachtr. 113 (1883). 
Adult Green ; wings brown ; two of the outermost greater upper 
wing-coverts orange, the remaining upper wing-coverts brown with 
light tips; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills edged with 
green on the outer webs ; greater under wing-coverts and inner webs 
of the quills below dull green; tail green, the inner webs of the 
lateral tail-feathers towards the base above reddish brown, below 
o-olden yellow-brown : bill pale; feet dusky. Total length about 6*8 
inches, wing 5*1, tail 2-1, bill 0-7, tarsus 0-45. 

Hal. Bogota. 

a. Ad, sk. (Bogota make.) Sclater Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
8. Urochroma emmse. 
Urochroma emmse, Berl Journ. f. Orn. 1889, p. 202 (Colombia) 
(descr. nulla). 
{Type.) Green, the underparts lighter, with a yellowish tinge ; 

PSITTACIDJE. 

upper wing-coverts green, black in the middle; primary-coverts 
black along trie middle, and edged with green on both webs; 
quills blackish, edged with green on the onter webs ; smaller under 
wing-coverts uniform with the underparts; the greater under 
wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills below verditer-green: 
tail green, with the inner webs of the lateral tail-feathers brown-
orange, tinged with yellow; tail below brown yellowish green : bill 
lead-colour; feet dusky. Total length about 7 inches, wing 5-5, 
tail 2*35, bill 0*75, tarsus 0*45. {Mas* Berlepsch.) 

Hal. Bogota. 

25. CAICA*. T 
Type. 
Caica, Bp. Consjy. Av. i. p. 5 (1850) C. melanocephala. 
Pionites, Heme, NmnencL Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 281 

(1890) C. melanocephala. 
Range. Guiana and Amazon Valley. 

Key to the Species, 

a. Pileum black. 
a'. Thighs andflanks yellow, more or less orange, melanocephala, p. 358. 
V. Thighs and flanks lemon-yellow 2)allida, p. 8GG. 
6. Pileum like the nape rufous-orange. 
af. Thighs and flanks green leucogaster, p. SCO. 
l\ Thighs and flanks lemon-yellow xcoiiho?mra, p. 301. 
1. Caica melanocephala. 
The White-breasted Parrot, Hdw. Birds, iv. pi. 1G9 (1751); Lath. 
Gen. Syn. i. p. 305 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 256, with var. A 
(1822). 

Psittacus Mexicanus pectore albo, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 208 (17G0). 
Psittacus rnelanoeepkalus, Linn. S. X. i. p. 149; n. 41 (1706) ; Gm. 

S. N. i. p. 346, n. 41 (1788); Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 128, n. 130 
(1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 542 (1811); Bechst Eurze 
Ueb. p. 102 (1811-12); Vieill. K. I). xxv. p. 360 (1817) ; Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 70 (1820); Halm, Tog. am As. Afr. etc. Lie! ii. 
t. i. (1822); Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1399 (1823;; Spix, At. Bras. 
i. p. 46 (1824); Stepk Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 101 (1826); Voigt, Cuv. 
Uebers. p. 739 (1831); Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 109 (1831); G. M. Or. 
* The generic name Caica, commonly attributed to Lesson, was not used by 
him ; he only made use of the French name Les Cairns for a group (or race, as 
he calls it) of Parrots (Tr. d'Orn. p. 198, 1831), and Psittacus pileatus, Gm., 
was looked upon as the type by him (Compl. tfe Buff. ix. p. 212,1837): later 
on Lesson (Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 135; Descr. Mamin. et Ois. p. 197, 1847) incidentally 
used the name Caica as a subgenus, while he was describing Psittacus 
(Caica) chryscpoyon, which is a Brotogcrys. Bonaparte was the first to use 
the generic name Caica \ he regarded P. melanocephalm, Linn., as the type, 
but he included in it also P. pileatus, G*m. Although the name Caica evidently 
refers to P. caica, Lath. (=pileatus, Gm.), which belongs to another genus, I do 
not think we should be justified in not using it here. 
25. CAICA. 
359 
Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 15 (partim.) (1846); Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, 

iii. p. 723 (1848); G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 73 (1859) ; 
Peh. Verh.z.-b. Gas. Wkn,l%m, pp. 923 (part), 924; Gulliv. 
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. ^ ^ 
La Petite Perruehe Maypouri de Cayenne, JD'Aubent PI Mil. 527. 
Le Maypouri, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 250 (1779). 
Psittacus atricapillns, J. F. Miller, Cim. Phys. t. 4 (1796). 
Le Perroquet Maipouri, Levaill Perr. pis. 119 (ad.), 120 (var.) 
#(1805). 
Pionus nielanocephaliis, part, Wat/l. Mon. Psitt p. 608 (excl. av. 
born.) (1832); Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 193 (note) (syn. emend.) 

Psittacus badiceps, Guer. (nee Lear) Icon. Regn.An. Cuv., Ois. p. 24, 

5L 36 bis. f. 2 (1829-38); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 64. 
Poicephalus melanocephalus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 
Caica melanocephalus, Bp. Consp. Av. p. 5 (syn. emend.) (1850); 

Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 69. 

Caica melanocephala, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 151, n. 108; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 154; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 107; Select. P. Z, S. 1857, p. 19; id. Cat. 
Am. B. p. 355, n. 2124 (1862); Sclat § Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 588; Sousa, Mus. Nae. Lisb. Psitt. p. 12 (1869); G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8290 (1870); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 446, 633 ; Sclat. fy Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 7 
(1873); Garrod, P, Z. S. 1874, p. 587; Rchmo. Vogelbild. t. x. f. 2 
(1878-83); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl Coll. p. 468 (1882); Sclat. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 35 (1883) ; W. L. Sclat Ibis, 1887, p. 317. 
Amazona inelanocephala, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 64 (1864); 
id. op. cit. Revue, p. 29 (1874). 

Pionias nielanocephalus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 432 (1868); Peh. 
Orn. Bras. pp. 262, 447, liii (1871); id. Ibis, 1873, p. 117; Gieb. 
Thes. Dm. iii. p. 191 (1877). 

Pceoeephalus 
melanocephalus, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 382 
(Consp. Psitt p. 222). 
Pionites melanocephalus, Heine 8f Rchnw. Nomencl Mus. Hem. Orn, 

p. 231 (1890). 
Adult. Back, wings, and tail green ; pileum black ; cheeks and 
throat yellow; lores and a streak under the eyes green; a collar 
round the hind neck, bordered above and below with some bluish 
feathers, orange-rufous ; breast and abdomen white cream-colour; 
sides of the breast, axillaries, flanks, and thighs orange-yellow; 
under tail-coverts yellower; primary-coverts and primaries black, 
with the outer webs deep blue, edged with green; carpal edge 
partly yellow; greater under wing-coverts and quills below black; 
tail-feathers edged with yellow at the tip, underneath brown with 
golden reflexions : bill horn-black; feet and naked skin round the 
eyes black; iris with an inner ring brown and an outer one red. 
Total length about 9*3 inches, wing 5*5, tail 2*8, bill 1, tarsus 0'5. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Peathers of the pileum brown with green edges 
( Wagler). 
Hah. Guiana and Upper Amazons as far as Eio Negro, and perhaps 
also Bogota (Sclater). 

360 PSITTACIDiD. 
a. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll. 
b. Ad. sir. S. America. Purchased. 
e, tf. tf J ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Britisli Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. S ad. sk.
Jan., August (II. WJiitely). 
Oamacusa, Britisli Guiana, June Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(H. Whitely). 
f. $ ad. sk. Marabitanas, Brazil, March Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Natterer). 
g. Ad. sk. £io Negro (Wallace). Sclater Coll. 
h, i. Ad. sk. Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2, Caica pallida. 
Psittacus melanocephalus (part.)? G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mvs. 

p. 73, spec, b (1859). 
p. 114, n. 7 (part.) (1873); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 40; Tacz $ 
Berl P. Z. S.1885, p. 109 (Canelos, Ecuador?); Tacz. Orn. Per. 
iii. p. 226, Tabl. p. 100 (1886); Garl Journ. f. Orn. 1889, p. 291; 
Berl Journ./. Orn. 1889, p. 317. 
Amazona melanocephala, Schleg. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 64, spec. 2, 3 
(18(34). 
Pionias melanocephalus (part.), Finsck, Papag. iL p. 432 (1808). 
Pceoceplialus melanocephalus (part.), Rchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 382 (Consp. Psitt. p. 222). 
Caica melanocephala pallida, Berl. Journ. f. Orn. 1889, p. 317. 
Similar to G. melanocephala, but with the thighs, flanks, and also 
the under tail-coverts paler, lemon-yellow, with no orange tinge. 
Hab. E. Peru and E. Ecuador. 
As the differences pointed out by Graf von Berlepsch as distinctive 
of the birds from E. Peru and E. Ecuador seem constant, 
I have been induced to regard them as belonging to a distinct 
species. 
a<^ sk


a. 
§ Chamicuros, Upper Amazons, Gould Coll. 
November (Sauxweil). 
b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll. 
3. Caica leucogaster. 
Psittacus leucogaster, III. in Mus. Berol; Kuhl7 Camp. Psitt. p. 70 
(1820) • 8teph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 101 (1826) j Less. Tr. tfOrn. 

p. 199 (1831) j Bourj. Perr. pi. 58 (1837-38); &. R. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 73 (1859); Finsch, Ned Tijdsch: Dierk. i. 
Berigt. p. xv (1863) j Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wten, 1865, p. 925. 
Pionusmelanocephalus, part., 
Waal Mon. Psitt. p. 608 (av. hornot.) 
(1832). 
Psittacus badiceps, Lea?*, Parr* pi. 1 (1832); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii 

p. 421, n. 16 (1846); Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 
Psittacus melanocephalus, part., G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 15 
(1846). 
Caica melanocephalus, part., Bp. Consp. Av. L p. 5 (1850). 
Caica leucogaster, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 151, n. 110; 

Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 154 j Bp. Kaumanma9 

25 . CAICA. 
361 
1856, Cornj*. Psitt. n. 108 ; Selat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266; Soma, 
Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 12 (1869); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 
161, n. 8291 (1870)j Sclat. $ Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrqp. 
p. 114, n. 8 (1873); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 715 ; Pchnw. VoqelhUd, 
t. x. f. 1 (1878-83); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 351 (J 883). 
Pionus melanoceplialus, part.. JBurm. Smt. TJeb. ii. p. 193 (note) 
(1856). 
Psittacus badius, Schleg. JDierent. p. Q6 (1864). 
Amazona leucogaster, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 63 (1864); id. 

op. cit. Revue, p. 29 (1874). 
Psittacus melanoceplialus, var., Pelz. Verh. z.~b, Ges. Wien. 1865, 
pp. 924, 925. 
Pionias leucogaster, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 435 (1868); Pelz. Or??. 
Bras. pp. 264, 447, liii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 191 (1877). 
Pyocephalus leucogaster, Bchmo. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 382 (Consj). 
Psitt. y. 222). 
Pionites leucogaster, Heine <§» Mchmv. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 231 (1890). 
Adult. Back, wings, and tail green; pileum, hind neck, and upper 
ear-coverts orange-rufous ; lores, sides of the head, and throat 
yellow; breast and abdomen white cream-colour; axillaries orange-
rufous ; flanks and thighs green ; under tail-coverts yellow ; wings 
as in C. inelanocepMla; tail underneath dusky golden: bill white; 
naked skin round the eyes reddish flesh-colour ; feet pale brown ; 
iris reddish brown. Total length about 9*5 inches, wing 5*5, tail 2-7, 
bin 1-03, tarsus 0-55. 
Hah. Lower Amazons. 

a, b. Ad. sk. S. America. Zool. Society's Coll. 
c.Ad.sk. Para {Natterer). Sclater Coll. 

d. <$ ad. sk. Lower Amazons. Zool. Society's Coll. 
4. Caica xanthomera. 
Oaica xanthomeria, G. P. Gr. in Mus. Brit.; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, 
p. 266; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8292 (1870). 
Psittacus 
xanthomerius, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus, p. 73 
(1859). 

Psittacus melanoceplialus, vai\, Pelz. Verh z.-b. Ges. Wzen, I860, 

pp. 923, 924. 
Psittacus xanthocercus, Natt. MS., teste Pelz. I. c. 
Pionias xanthomerus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 438 (1868); Pelz. Orn. 

Bras. pp. 263, 447, liii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 193 (1877). 
Caica xanthonieros, Sclat. § Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 301 j Tacz. Orn. 
J ^ iii. p. 226, TabL p. 100 (1886). 

Caica xanthomera, Sclat $ Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 114, n. 9 
(1873): Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 419,1879, p. 301, pi. mm , 
Echmo. Vogelbild. t. x. f. 3 (1878-83); Sclat. List Vert. An. 
8th ed. p. 351 (1883). 

Poeocephalus xanthomerus, Bchmo. Jour. f. Urn. lbbl, p. d»J 
{Consp. Psitt. p. 222). 
Adult. Yery much like G. leucogaster, from which it diifers in 
having the thighs and flanks lemon-yellow instead of green. 
Hah. Upper Amazons. 

362 
PSITTACID-E. 

a. Ad. sk. Eio Javarri. H. W. Bates [C.l. | (Types of 
b. Ad. sk. Rio Javarri. H. W. Bates [C.]. \ the species.) 
e. 
5 ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll. 
26. PYOCEPHALUS. 
Type. 
Poicephalus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837) ...... P. senegaIus. 
Piocephalus, G. JR. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 52 (1840). 
Poeocephalus, Strickl. Ann. fy Mag. N. H. vii. p. 34 

(1841). 
Poiecephalus, Agass. Nomenel. Zool, Aves, p. 62 
(1842-46). 
Poiocephalus, Agass. Nomenel Zool, Aves, Add, p. 18 
(1842-46). 
Pseocephalus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
gen. 50. 
Pyocephalus, Sartl. Syst. Orn. W.-Afi\ p. 167 
(1857). 


Range. Confined to Africa, south of the desert of Sahara. 

Key to the Species. 

a. General colour green. 
a'. Bend of the -wing, metacarpal edge, thighs, 
and often the forehead, except in young 
birds, red or yellowish scarlet. 


a". 
Neck brown, with an olive or grey tinge; 

larger, wing 8*8 to 8*5 inches. 
a1". Head and neck with an olive tinge .. robustus, p. 363. 
b'". Head and neck silvery grey fuseicolUs, p. 364. 

b". 
Neck green; smaller, wing not more 
than 8 inches. 
c'". Sinciput, bend of the wing, metacarpal 
edge, and thighs yellow-orange gulielmi, p. 366. 
d'". Forehead, bend of the wing, metacarpal {avhnmm/* _ ofi7 
edge, and thighs more or less red ... . \ a™}yajius, p. dbi. 

V. 
Bend of the wing, metacarpal edge, and l™"*™**, P-&><• 
thighs with no red colour. 
c". Breast and abdomen green. 
e"f. Under wing-coverts yellow fuscicapillus^ p. 3G8. 
f". 
Under wing-coverts green. 
aK Head brown C7*assu$} p. 3611 

54. Head more or less yellow. 
a5, Rump and upper tail-coverts grassb5 
green % JIavifrons, p. 360. 
. Rump and upper tail-coverts bluish 
green , citrinocapillusj p. 370. 
d". Breast and abdomen yellow- or orange-

red. 
g'". Breast and abdomen yellow senegalus, p. 371. 
ti". Breast and abdomen orange-red verstert, p. 372. 

b. General colour brown. 
c'. 
Bend of the wing brown like the upper 
parts; breast and abdomen pale vermilion 
in the male, brown, with the edges of 
the feathers green, in the female rufirentris, p. 372. 

26. 
POEO CEPff ALUS. 
363 

d'. Bend of the wing and under wing-coverts 
yellow. 
e". Lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts green meyeri, p. 373, 

f 
. Lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts brown, like the rest of the 
upper parts, in the male, blue in the 
female rihppetti, p. 375. 
1. Pceocephalus robustus. 
Robust Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 296 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 219 
(1822). 
Psittacus robustus, Gm. S. iV. i. p. 344, n. 121 (1788); Lath. Ind, 
Orn. i. p. 112, n. 94 (1790); Beehst Kurze Ueb. p. 91 (1811-12): 
Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 314 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 101 (1820) : 
Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1367 (1823) ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 70 (1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pwttaci, p. 33 (1804) ; 
Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B.^.l§ (partim) (1871); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Revue, p. 9(1874); Sharpe, Layard'sB. S. Afr. p. 194 
(1875-84); Holub u. Pek. JBeitr. Orn. Siidafr. p. 160 (1882) : 
? Shelley, Ibis, 1882, p. 249; ? Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 78 (1889). 
Psittacus catfer, Licht Cat. rer. rariss. Hamb. p. 6 (1793); Beehst. 
Kurze Ueb. 5. 100 (1811). 
Le Perroquet a franges souci, Levaitt. Perr. pi. 136 (ad.), 131 (var.) 
(1805). 
Le Vaillant's Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 95 (1802). 
Psittacus levaillanti, Lath. Syn. Sitppl p. xxii (1802); Vieill. N. D. 

xxv. p. 312 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 83 (1820); Vieill JSnc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1366 (1823); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 107 (1826); 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 743 (1831); Ha/m, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 74, 
t 55 (1836); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 7 (1846) 5 Licht 
Nomencl Av. p. 70 (1854); Layard, B. S. Afr. p, 230 (1867), 
Psittacus infuscatus, Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 523 (1811) (ex Le


vaillant). 
Psittacus flammipes, Beehst Kurze Ueb. p. 100, pi. 18 (1811-12). 
Amazona levaillanti, Less. Tr. oVOrn. p. 190 (1831), 
Pionns le vaillanti, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 614 (1832); Selby, Nat 


Libr ,Parrots,p. 113(1836); Hartl.Syst Verz.Ges.Mus.v. 88(1844). 
Psittacus flammiceps, " Beehst;" (errors), G. It Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, 

in the syn. of P. levaillanti, n. 7 (1846), 
Psittacus vaillanti, Bp. Compt Rend. xxx. p. 137 (18*50). 
Pceocephalus vaillantii, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 154, 


n. 211. 
Poiocephalus levaillanti, Hartl Journ. f Orn. 1854, p. 194; Bolle, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170. 
Pceocephalus levaillantii, Souancd, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 216; 
Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 19 (1869). 
Pyocephalus levaillantii, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 

n. 212. 
Pheeocephalus levaillanti, KirTc, Ibis, 1864, p. 329. 
Pionias robu&tus, Fihsch, Papag. ii. p. 475 (1868); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 192 (1877); Bocage, Orn. oVAng. p. 71 (1881). 
Poicephalus robustus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8282 
(1870). 
Pceocephalus robustus, Gum. Ibis, 1873, p. 255 (Natal); Rchnw. 
Voqelbild. t. vii. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 383 

864 PSITIACIDJC. 

(Conep. Psitt p. 223) j Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll p. 403 (1882): 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8tli ed. p. 337 (1883). 

Adult male. Head and neck olive, with the centre of the feathers 
brown, the lower part of the cheeks and chin browner; forehead 
sometimes red; lores black; interscapular region, scapulars, and 
wing-coverts black, each feather marked with green on the edge ; 
lower back, rump, breast, abdomen, upper and under tail-coverts 
bright grass-green ; thighs, bend of the wings, and metacarpal edge 
vermilion; quills and tail-feathers dark brown: bill whitish horncolour 
; feet black. Total length about 13 inches, wing 8*5, tail 3*7, 
bill 1-5, tarsus 0*75. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Wants the red colour on the bend of the wings and on the 
thighs (FinscJi). 
Hab. South Africa, up to Zambesi on the east, and up to Angola 
on the west. 

a. Ad. sk. S. Africa. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. S. Africa. J. Eoche, Esq. [P.I. 
c. d. (S $ ad. sk. Elands Post (T. C. Atmore). Shelley OolL 
e,f,9-<$ ? ad. Elands Post, June {T. C. Sharpe Coll. 
sk. Atmore). 
7i. Ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Lieut. Anstey [P.]. 
i,h. $ 2 ad.sk. Burg Mountain, April (Gordge). Shelley OolL 
I Ad. sk. Newcastle (Reid). Shelley Coll. 

m. Ad. sk. Angola. Tweeddale Coll. 
2. Pceocephalus fuscicollis* 
Psittacus fuscicollis, Kuld, Consp. Psitt. p. 93 (1820) ; Schleg. Mus. 
P-B. Pbittaci, p. 34 (1864); id. ojp.tit.Revue, p. 9 (1874); Sharpe, 
Bayard's B. of S. Afr. p. 195 (1875-84). 

Psittacus pachyrhynchus, Hartl. Syst. Vera. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); 
id. Abh. aus d. Geb. d. Naturg. JELamb. p. 47 (1852); Hartl Syst. 
Orn. W.-Afr. p. 167 (1857); Cass. Pr. Acad. Nat. Sc. PMlad. 
1859, p. 140; Hartl Journ. f Orn. 1861, p. 262; G. R. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 69 (1859); Owen, Ibis, 1866, p. 171. 

Psittacus levaillanti, part, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 7 (1846). 
Pyocephalus magnirostris, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 5 (1850); id. Compt. 

Rend. xxx. p. 137 (1850); Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 257. 
Poiocephalus pachyrhynchus, Hartl. Journ. f, Orn. 18-54, p. 194. 
Pceocephalus pachyrhynchus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, 

n.210. 
Pceocephalus magnirostris, Souance', Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, 
p. 216. 
Pyocephalus magnirostris, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
n. 211. 
Phaeocephalus pachyrhynchus, Heine, Journ. f. Orn. I860, p. 190. 
Pionias fuscicollis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 473 (1868); Bocage, Jorn. 
Sc. Lisb. no. xvii. p. 41 (1874) j Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 190 (1877) ,* 
Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1877, p. 30; Bocage, Orn. oVAng. p. 70 
(1881); Bohm, Journ.f.Orn. 1882, p. 208 (Kakoma, Central Africa). 

Poicephalus fuscicollis, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8281 (1870). 

26. PCEOOIMAIITJS. 
365 

Pbittacus robustus, part., Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 10 (Damara-Land, 
Ondonga) (1871); Rcfono. (nee Gm.) Jour. f. Orn. 1877, pp. 14, 
80 (Loango); Sharpe, in Oates's Matahele-Land, App. p. 30(1 
(1881). 

Poicephalus robustus, Anders. & Gum. (nee Gm.) B. Damara-Land* 

p. 213 (1872). 
Pyocephalus fuscicollis, Bocage, Jom. So. Lisb. no, xvi. p. 285 (1878)• 
Echnw. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. vii. f. 6 (1878-83)* id. Jour. 

f. Orn. 1881, p. 383 (Consp. Psitt. p. 223); JSclat. List Vert. An. 
8th ed. p. 387 (1883); Rclmiv. Jour. f. Orn. 1801, p. 146 
(Mssua, E. Afr.). 
PPionias 
robustus, Bohm (nee Gm.), Jour. f. Orn. 1880, pp. 414 
(Lufuku), 421 (Lualaba); Matsc/iie, Jour. f. Orn. 1887, p. 149; 
ScIialoiv}Journ.f. Orn. 1887, p. 231 (N. von Tanganyika, TManiuesi, 
Luapula, Likulwe). 

Adult male. Head and neck silvery grey, with the feathers brown 
in the middle ; lower part of the cheeks and chin browner; forehead, 
and sometimes even the vertex, rose-red; lores blackish; upper breast 
greenish grey; interscapular region, scapulars, and wing-coverts 
greenish brown, each feather greener on the edges; lower back, 
rump, breast, abdomen, upper and under tail-coverts bright grass-
green ; thighs, bend of the wing, and metacarpal edge vermilion ; 
quills and tail-feathers dark brown : "bill whitish ; feet lead-colour ; 
iris maroon" (Anchieta). Total length about 13 inches, wing 8*5, 
tail 3-7, bill 1-7 to 1*5, tarsus 0-75. 

Young. Wants the red feathers on the bend of the wring and 
along the metacarpal edge ; the thighs have some feathers green 
and some red, but most likely in very young birds they are entirely 
green, 

Hal* Western South Africa, fron Gaboon to Angola, Damara-
Land, and across Africa to the Zambesi region. 

This species differs from P. robustus principally in the silvery-
grey tinge of the head and neck ; besides, the upper mandible has a 
much longer and thinner hook. 

a. 
b. 
c. 
d, 
/. 
9h. 
i. 
Ad. st. [var, 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. st. 
e. Imrn. sk. 
5 5mm. sk. 
S ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
•]• W. Africa.
W. Africa.
Africa.
Hurnbe, Dec. (Anchieta).
Ondonga, Damara-Land, Jan.
(Andersson). 
Sishongo, Damara-Land(Andersson). 
Zambesi (Bradshaw).
Zool. Society'*! Ooll. 
Zool. Society's (Joil. 
Massena Coll. 
J. Turner, Esq. [O.]. 
Shelley Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
k. Ak. sk. W. & C. (i. Oates, 
Esqis. [P.]. 

366 PS1TTACIDJS. 

3. Pceocephalxis gulielmi. 
Pionus gulielmi, Jard. Contr. to Orn. 1849, p. 64, pi. 28 (Congo). 
Pyocephalus gtilielnii, Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 194; Bolle, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170. 
Poeocephalus gulielmi, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 1*54, n. 216 ; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 18567 p. 216; Rchnic. Vogelbild. 

t. vii. f. 7 (1878-83) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 384 (Consp. Psitt 
p. 224); Mat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 337 (1883). 
Pyocephalus gulielmi, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Coasp. Psitt. n. 214. 
Psittacus guilielmi, Hartl. Syst. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 167 (1857). 
Psittacus gulielmi, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 70 (1859j: 
Marti Journ. f Orn. 1861, p. 262 ; Sckleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, 

p. 34 (1864) (Cote d'Or); Skarpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 10 (part.) 
(1871). 
Pionias gulielmi, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 480 (1868). 
Phseocephalus gulielmi, Skarpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 486 (Fantee). 
Poicephalus gulielmi (part.), G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 101, n. 8283 

(1870). 
Psittacus gulielmi, Schleg. Diereni. p. 65 (1864); id. Mm. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Revue, j). 9 (1874). 
Pionias guilelmi, Gieb. Tkes. Orn. iii. p. 190 (1877). 

Adult. Green; sinciput, bend of the wing, metacarpal edge, and 
thighs " yellowish scarlet" {Jardine) or yellow-orange; lores "black ; 
interscapular region, scapulars, upper and under wing-coverts 
black, broadly edged with green ; lower back, rump, upper tail-
coverts, and lower parts bright green, with the bases of the feathers 
blackish ; quills blackish, the primaries narrowly edged with olive 
on the outer web, the secondaries more or less edged with green; 
tail black : " the tip of the maxilla and the whole of the mandible 
greenish black ,* the base of the maxilla, cere, and bare space round 
the eye flesh-colour; tarsi and feet greyish black " {Jardine); " iris 
light brown " {Zool. Soc. specim.). Total length about 11 inches, 
wing 7-4, tail 3*2, bill 1*3, tarsus 0-62. 

Adult female. Like the male, only a little smaller. 

Young. No yellow-orange patches on the sinciput, on the bend 
of the wing, nor along the metacarpal edge, which are green; thighs 
also green; some of the under wing-coverts and axillaries are 
mingled with red. 

Hah. Western Africa from the Gold Coast to the Congo. 

a. Ad. sk [var.].
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk 
Congo. 
Congo. 
Gold Coast (Aubim). 
Zool. Society's Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
d. Ad. sk.
e. Juv. sk. 
Fantee (Ussher). 
Fantee (Aubi?n). 
Sharps Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Fantee. Purchased. 
g. h Ad. et juv.
sk. 
W. Africa. Massena Coll. 
t, k. <S ? ad. sk. W. Africa. Zool. Society's Coll. 

367 

26. PYOCEPHALUS. 
4. Pceocephalus auhryairas. 
Poeocephalus aubryanus, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 216 
(Gabon). 
Psittacus lecomtei, Verr. Mus. Paris; Harth Syst. Orn. W.-Afr. 

p. 167 (1857) (Gabon). 
Pbittacus aubryanus, G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mies. p. 71 (1859). 
Pionias guglielmi (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 480 (1868) j Bocage 
{nee Jard.), Orn. cVAng. p. 69 (1881). 

Pyocephalus guglielmi, Bocage (nee Jard.), Jorn. Sc. Lisb. no. 11, 
1868, p. 142; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 20 (1869); Bocage, 
Jorn. Sc. Lisb. no. viii. 1870, p. 348. 

Poicepkalus gulielmi (part.); G. R. Gr, Sand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8283 
(1870). 
Psittacus guglielmi (part.), Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 19, specim. d. 
(1871) (Angola). 

Yery much like P. gulielmi, but the red colour of the forehead, 
bend of the wing, metacarpal edge, and thighs with no yellowish 
tinge : upper mandible white, or black with a yellowish patch near 
the base: lower mandible black; feet dusky. Total length 11*5 
inches, wing 7*7, tail 3*2, bill 1*35, tarsus 0*7. 

Young. Has less red on the forehead, bend of the wings, and 
metacarpal edge; thighs green. 
Hah. Gaboon, Congo, and Angola. 

a, b. S $ ad. sk. W. Africa. Zool. Society's Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Angola (Anchieta). Sharpe Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Congo. Shelley Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Angola. Monteiro Coll. 
5. Pyocephalus massaicus. 
Pceocephalus massaicus, Fischer u. Bchmv. Journ.f. Orn. 1884, p. 179 
(Gross-Aruscha am Maruberg) ,* Fischer, Zeitschr.f. ges. Orn. 1884, 

p. 372; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 122; Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 
1887, pp. 43, 55. 
Very much like P. aubryanus, from which it differs very little; 
the red colour on the forehead seems less extended, and the black on 
the feathers of the upper parts not so sharply defined from the green 
edges; the biH is decidedly smaller: "iris orange; naked skin 
round the eyes and cere yellowish grey; maxilla horn-whitish, the 
tip and the mandible dark " (Fischer). Total length about 11 inches, 
wing 8, tail 3*5, bill 1*2, tarsus 0*7. 

Female (adult ?). Wants the red on the forehead, or has scarcely 

a trace of it. 
Hob. Massai-Land. 
I have seen three specimens of this species lately sent to England 

by Mr. Jackson. 

368 PSICTACIDJS. 

6. Pyocephalus fuscicapiHus. 
Pionus fuscicapillus, Verr. et Des Murs, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1849, 
p. 58 (Zanzibar) ; Dubois, Bull Mus. Roy. WIL. W. de Belg. iv. 
p. 147 (1886) (Tanganyka). 
Poeoceplialus gulielmi, part., Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 185-4, p. 154. 
PoiocepJialus cryptoxanthus, Feters, Monatsb. d. Berl. Acad. 1854, 
p. 371. 
Pyocephalus fuscicapillus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Fsitt.n.216. 
Pyocephalus hypoxantkus, Peters (errore ?), Bp. I. c. in Syn. P. 
fuscicapilla. 
Psittacus hypoxantlius, G. R. Gr. List Fsitt Brit. Mus. p. 70 (1859). 
Poeoceplialus fuscicapillus, Sclat. F. Z. S. 1864, p. 11:3 (Uzaramo); 

Cab., v. d. Deckers Reisen, iii. p. 40 (1869); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1878, 

p. 711 ; Garrod, F. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; Nichols. F. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 358; Fischer, Jour. f. Orn. 1880, p. 188 j Gum. Ibis, 1881, 
p. 128 ; Shelley, F. Z. S. 1881, p. 592 ; Rchmv. Vogelbild. t. xx. f. 8 
(1878-83); id. Journ, f. Orn. 1881, p. 385 (Consp. Fsitt. p. 225); 
Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 337 (1883); Fischer, Zeitschr. /. 
ges. Orn. 1884, p. 372; id. Journ. f. Om. 1885, p. 122: Rchmv. 
Joum.f. Orn. 1887, p. 55 (Usegua), 1891, p. 146. 
Plisftocepnalus fuscicapillus, Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 329 (Zambesi). 

Psittacus fuscicapillus, FLaril. (nee Vieill.) P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 826, 
828; Schley. Mus. F.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 9 (1874); Sharpe, 
LayanVs B. 8. Afr, p. 197 (1875-84); Ayres. Ibis, 1887, p. 53; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 78 (1889). 

Pionias fuscicapillus, Finsch, Fapay. ii. p. 492 (1868); Heugl. Fe-
term. Geogr. Mitth. 1869, p. 415; Finsch u. FLartl. Vog. O.-Afr. 

p. 499, t. vii. (1870); Keugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 740 (1871) ; 
id. op. cit. Nachtr. p. clvii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 190 
(1877); Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1878, p. 241; Fisch. w. Rchma. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1878, p. 251,: Fischer, ibid. pp. 269, 286, 292,1879, p. 303. 
Poicephalus cryptoxanthus, G, R. Gr. JEand-list, ii. p. 101, n. 8285 
(1870). 

Adult. Green ; lower back, rump, tipper tail-coverts, breast, 
abdomen, and under tail-coverts lighter and brighter green; head 
and neck olive greyish-brown; ear-coverts silvery grey; quills brown, 
edged with green on the outer webs; under wing-coverts yellow ; 
tail-feathers olive-brown, edged on the outer webs and tipped with 
green: " iris yellow; upper mandible horn-colour, under mandible 
white ; feet black" (Buckley). Total length about 9 inches, wing 
6-3, tail 2-7, bill 0*98, tarsus 0-5. 

Female. Like the male, only a little smaller. 
Hob. Zanzibar and South-eastern Africa, from Mombas to 
Swaziland. 
Dr. Hildebrandt (J. f. O. 1878, p. 241) mentions a specimen with 
yellow spots on the pileum. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Mombas. E. B. Sharpe, Esq. 
e. Ad. sk. Mombas. Kev.fi. Buxton PP."]. 
^. Ad. sk.
e. Juv. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
c/7 h, i. Ad. sk.
Jfc. Ad. sk. 
Mombas (Wakefield). 
Zanzibar. 
Dar-es-Salaam (Kirk). 
Pang-ani River (Kirk). 
Ug-ogo (Kirk). 
Shelley Coll. 
Sir J. Kirk [0.]. 
Shelley OolL 
Shelley Coll. 
Shellev Coll 

26. PYOCEPHALUS. 
369 

I Ad. sk. Lower ShirS Valley {Kirk). Earl Russell [P.]. 
m. tf ad. sk.
»-J. c? 2 ad. sk. 
Olifante River, Julv (Aprs). 
Swaziland, July (7. E.
Bacltfey). 
J. H. Gurney, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Shelley Coll. 
7. Pceoceplialiis crassus. 

Pionias crassus. Sharps Jour. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvii. p. 429 (1884) 
(Ndoruma, Equatorial Africa). 
Pionias buhndorffi, Sharpe, MS.; 2Zw, 1884, p. 359. 

Adult. Green, lower back, rump, breast, abdomen, upper and 
under tail-coverts lighter and brighter green, with a yellow tinge 
on the concealed part of the feathers ; head and neck brown (two 
feathers of the pileum are tinged with yellow); ear-coverts with a 
greyish tinge ; throat tinged with olive; quills dusky brown, 
edged with green on the outer webs ; the second, third, and fourth 
primaries, the bastard-wing and primary-coverts with dark bluish-
green margins; under wing-coverts green; tail-feathers olive-
brown, margined and tipped with green ; thighs green : " iris red v 
(Bohndorff). Total length 10 inches, wing 6-7, tail 3, bill 1-03, 
tarsus 0*55. 

Hob. Ndorunia, Equatorial Africa. 

The only specimen known of this species is intermediate between 
P. fuscieapillus and P. flavifrons; it has the head and neck 
brown like the first, and the rest of the body and also the size similar 
to the second, which it resembles also in the green under wing-
coverts ; on the head there are two yellow feathers, which perhaps 
show that, at a more advanced stage, all the head would have become 
yellow. I suspect that the specimen examined is a young of 

P. flavifrons. 
a. Ad. sk. Ndoruma, November. F. Bohndorff [C.]. 
-£ (Type of species.) 
8. Pyocephalus flavifrons. 
Pionus flavifrons, Mpp. Syst. Ueb. Yog. N.O.-Afr. pp. 81, 94, t. 31 
(1845); Heugl Syst. Ueb. n. 4G9 (1855). 
Psittacus flavifrons, G. B. Gr. Gen, B. ii. p. 42], n. 5 (1840) j id. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 71 (1859); Schley. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, 

p. 35, irfd. 1 & 3 (1864); id. op. cit. Bevue, p. 9 (partim) (1874). 
Poeocephalus flavifrons, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, 
n. 212; Bchmo. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. xx. £ 6 (1878-83); 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 380 (Co?isp. Psitt. p. 2'2Q); Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 79 (1884); Gigl. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. (2) vi. p. 51 (1888); Salvad. ibid. p. 207 (1888). 
Pyocephalus flavifrons, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 220. 
Phseocephalus, sp.? n. 1, Heugl Joum.f. Orn. 1862, p. 305. 
Pionias flavifrons, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 482 (1868); Heugl. Peterm. 


Geogr. Mitth. 1869, p. 415; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 742 
(1871); id. op. cit. Nachtr. p. clvii (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 190 (1877). 
Poicephalus flavifrons, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8288 
(18*0). 
VOL. XX. -* 

PSITTAC!ID,3E. 

Adult. Green ; lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts, lower breast, 
abdomen, and under tail-coverts lighter and brighter; the concealed 
parts of the feathers have a yellowish tinge; the darker green feathers 
of the neck, back, breast, and wings have brighter green edges ; 
forehead, vertex, lores, region round the eyes, and upper part of the 
cheeks yellow; thighs more or less yellow ; quills brown, tinged 
with green on their outer webs and edged with green ; tail olive-
brown with a golden tinge, especially underneath: " irides red or 
reddish ; bill pale dusky horn-colour, with the lower mandible 
more or less whitish; feet ashy or blackish" (Autuiori). Total 
length about 12-5 inches, wing 7, tail 3*3, bill 1*1, tarsus 0*6. 

Hob. Xorth-east Africa, from Shoa to Abyssinia. 
Some specimens have nearly the whole head yellow, others show 
a few yellow feathers along the carpal edge. 

a, b. d $ ad. sk. Shoa, Sept. and Dec. (Antinori). Shelley Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Shoa. Rrippell Coll. 
9. Pceocephalus citriuocapillus, 
Phseocephalus, sp. 2, HeugL Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 30o. 
Psittacus flavifrons, part., Schleg. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 35, specim. 
2 (1864). 
Phseocephalus citreocapillus, Heugl. in Mm. Lugd., teste Schleg. Mus. 

P.-B. Psittaci, p. 35 (1864). 
Psittacus citrinoeapillus, HeugL MS. 
Pionias citrinocapillus, Fwsch, Papag. ii. p. 484 (IBtiS); Heugl. Orn. 

N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 744 (1871); id. op. eit Xaehtr. p. elm (1871); 
Gieb. fhes. Orn. iii. p. 189 (1877). 
Psittacus citreicapillus, Heugl. MS.; id. Orn. X.O.-Afr. ii. t. xxvi. 
(1871). 
Poicepbalus citrinoeapillus, G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8'289 
(1870). 
Posocephalus citrinocapillus, Pcknw. VogelMld. t. xx. f. 6 (1878-83): 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 386 (C<m*p. Psiit. p. 226). 

Adult. Very much like P. flavifrom, but the lower back, ramp, 
upper tail-coverts, abdomen, and under tail-coverts bluish green * 
the yellow colour of the head more extended; the metacarpal edge 
yellow; the bill stronger; dimensions nearly the same as those of 

P. flavifrons. 
Young. Head dirty olive-brownish, washed with yellowish ; under 
wing-coverts with broad yellowish-green edges ; only some trace of 
the yellow feathers on the metacarpal edge. 

Hal. Abyssinia. 

I have never seen a specimen of this species, but from the fact 
of its having been found along the Ataba river, where HeugMn also 
met with P. flavifrons, I doubt whether it is really distinct. 

26. PYOCEPHALUS, 
371 

10. Pceocephalus senegalus. 
Psittacula senegalensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 400, pi. xxiv. f. 2 (1760). 
Psittacus senegalus, Linn. 8. JST. i p. 149, n. 43 (1700) (ex Brisson); 
Gm. 8. Ar. i. p. 347, n. 43 (1788); Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 128, 

n. 138 (1790); Sfimu, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 544 (1811); Weill 
N. D. xxv. p. 316 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 82 (1820); Weill 
JSnc. Meth. iii. p. imS (1823); Steph. Gen. Zoo!, xiv. 1, p. 107 
(1826); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 743 (1831); Less. Tr. (TOrn. p. 200 
(1831); Halm, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 49, t. 33 (183,5); G. A Or. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 3 (1846); Hartl. Si/sf. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 168 
(1857); Q. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 09 (1859) ; Marti 
Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 262; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 35 
(1864); Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. p. 19 (1871); Schley. Mm. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Revue, p. 9 (1874) ; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 56 (Gold 
Coast) ; Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1879, p. 189. 
Petite Perrache du iSenegal, D'Aubent. PI. Enl 288. 
Perroquet a tete grise, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 123 (1779); 
Levaill. Perr. pis. 116 (tf), 117 (tf), 118 (var.) (1805). 
Senegal Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 307 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 258 
(1822). 
Pionus senegalus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 612 (1832); Hartl. Syst. 

Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844). 
Poicephalus senegalensis, 8w. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 
Psittacus senegalensis, 8io. B. of W. Afr. ii. p. 176 (1837) ; Brehm, 

Mon. d. Papag. t. 62. 
Poiocephalus senegalus, Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 194; Bolle, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170. 
Poeoe^phalus senegalus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, 

n. 215 ; 8ousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 20 (1869); Rchmv. 
VogelbUd. t. viL f. 2 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 384 
^{Consp. Psitt. 
p. 224); Salvin, Cat. B. Strickl. Coll p. 463 (1882); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 337 (1883); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1886, 

p. 31; Hartert, Journ. f. Orn. 1886, p. 598. 
Poeocephalus senegalensis, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 
p. 216; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587. 
Paeocephalus senegalus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 217. 
Pionias senegalus-, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 489 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
iii. p. 192 (1877). 
Poicephalus 
senegalus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8280 
(1870). 

Adult male. Head and throat grey, the pileum darker, the ear-
coverts lighter silvery grey; the rest of the upper parts and a hand 
across the breast, extended along the middle of it, green; lower 
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts lighter green; lower breast and 
abdomen yellow, more or less tinged with orange; flanks, under 
wing-coverts, and under tail-coverts yellow; thighs green; quills 
and tail-feathers brown, edged with green on the outer webs : bill 
horn-black ; feet dusky brown: " iris brown, yellow, or yellow-
brown" (Finsch). Total length 9*5 inches, wing 6, tail 2-7, 
bill 1-05, tarsus 0*6. 

Hob. Gambia, Western Africa. 
„ Ad 9 t Gambia. Purchased. 
f t d st W. Africa. II. Squire, Esq. [0.]. 
2 B 2 

372 PSITTACIDJE. 
c, d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
A. Skeleton. 
Rufisque, Senegambia,
(L. LagJaize). 
Casanianse (Boucard). 
Rathurst, R. Gambia (Q 
Gambia (Cop*. Moloney 
Nov.
um).
), 
Tweeddale Coll 
Shelley Coll 
Sharpe Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
t. Skeleton. Zool. Soc. Coll. 

11. Pyocephalus versteri. 
Psittacus senegalensis, Allen §-Thorns, (nee aitct.) Xarr. Fiped. Xiger, 
i. p. 311 (1848); Shelley, Ibis, 1883, p. 559 (Niger). 
Psittacus senegaltis, Haril. Syst. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 168 (part) (1857). 
Psittacus versteri, Goffin, MS.: Finsch, Xed. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. 
Berigt. p. x\i (1863). 
Pionias senegalus (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 489 (1868). 
Poeoceplialus senegalensis, Forbes, Ibis, 1883, p. 519 (Niger). 
? Poeoceplialus rufiventris, Forbes, Ibis, 1883, p. 524 (Niger), 

Adult. "Very uracil like P. senegalus, from which It differs in 
having the lower breast and abdomen orange-red: " iris bright 
yellow, with a slight green circumpupillar ring^bill and feet 
greyish black ; orbits and cere black " (Forbes). 

Ilab. The Niger Region, Western Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. River Niger (J. Baikie). 
b. Ad. sk. River Niger (Baikie). Sharpe Coll. 
c. d, e. <$ ad. sk. Shonga. "W. A. Forbes, E*>q. X/ . 
/ . Ad. sk. Accra, April (J. Smith). Sharpe Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. [Gambia.] Sharpe Coll. 
12. Pyocephalus rnfiventris. 
Pionus rufiventris, Hupp. Syst. TJeb. Yog. X.O.-Afr. pp. 83, 94, t. 32 
(1845); Heugl. Syst. TJebers. n. 470 (1855); id. Faun. d. Both. 
Meer. n. 194. 

Psittacus 
rufiventris, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 20 (1849); id. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 71 (1859). 
Poeoceplialus rufiventris, Bjp. Per. et Mag. de Zool. 18o4, p. 154, 

n. 214; Horsf. § Moore, Cat B. Mus. E. I. Co. ii. p. 607 (I8Z&58) 
; Blyfh, Journ, A. S. B. xxiv. p. 298 (1855); Speke, Ibis, I860, 
p. 243 ; Sclat. Hep. Coll. Somal. Country, p. 9 (I860) ; Pchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. xx. f. 7 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 386 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 226); Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i pp. 78, 
261 (1884); Fischer, Zeitsehr. f. ges. Orn. 1884, p. 372 (Masai) : 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 122 ; Shelley, Ibis, 1885, p. 393 (SomaKland); 
Gigl. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 51 (1888); Salmd. 
ibid. p. 207 (1888). 
Pasoeephalus rufiventris, Bp. Xaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n.218. 

Pionias rufiventris, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 4«7 (1868); Heugl Peterm. 
Geogr. Mitth. 1869, p. 415; Finsch 8? Hartl Vo'g. O.-Afr. p. 498 
(1870); Heugl. Orn. X.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 741 (1871); id. op. cit 
Nachtr. p. clvii (1871); lischer, Journ. f. Orn. 1878, p. 215: 
Cab. Journ./. Orn. 1878, p. 241. 

Poicephalus 
rufiventris, G. P. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 161, n. 8287 
(1870). * 

26. P0EOCJ11PH.ALUS. 
373 

Pyocephalus simplex, JRchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1887, p. 55 (Serian 
Victoria Nyanza; § ). ' 

Adult male. Head, neck, back, and wings brown, the cheeks and 
front part of the neck with a reddish tinge; rump bluish green, 
upper tail-coverts light green, with the bases yellow; breast and* 
under wing-coverts scarlet; abdomen and under tail-coverts light 
green, with the base of the feathers orange-yellow ; tail brown with 
a reddish tinge, nearly obsolete on the inner webs of the outer 
feathers: " iris orange, red, or maroon • bill horn-black ; feet dark 
or bluish ,? (Antinori). Total length 9 inches, wing 6*1, tail 3'1 
bill 0-98, tarsus 0-5. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the feathors of the 
breast brown-reddish, with green edges, and the under wing-coverts 
brown. 

Hah. Eastern Africa, from Abyssinia to Massai-Land. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Shoa {Harris). Hon. E. India Co. [P.], 
c-g. Ad. &k. Abyssinia {Harris). India Museum [p.], 
h. d ad. sk. Shoa {Antinori). Shelley Coll. 
i. <$ ad. sk. Taita, Julv. Dr. Ilildebrandt [P.]. 
k. Skeleton. 

13. Pyocephalus meyeri 
Psittacus meyeri, 
Bupp. in Cretzschmar's Atlas, p. 18, t. 11 (1826); 
Voigty Cuv. Uebers. p. 743 (1831); Bupp. Neue Wirbelth., Vog. 
pp. 61, 62 (1835); Bourj. Perr. pi. 61 (1837-38); G. B. Gr. Gen. 
JB. ii. p. 421, n. 4 (1846); id. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 70 (1859); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pbitt. p. 36 (1864) ; Pelz. Verh z.-b. GeselL 
Wien, 1865, p. 923 (var.); Chapm. Trav. in S. Afr., App. p. 406 
(1868); Ayres $ Gum. Ibis, 1869, p. 296; Sharpe, Cat. Afr. B. 

p. 19 (1871) ; Buckley, Ibis, 1874; p. 369; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Bevue, p. 10 (1874) ; Sharpe, Bayard's Bwds S. Afr. p. 95 
(1875-84); id. in Oates1 Matab. Land fy Vict. Falls, App. p. 307 
(1881); Hartl. Abh. Brem. viL p. 126 (1881); Shelley, Ibis, 1882, 
p. 249 ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 
Pionus meyeri, 
Wagl. Mori. Psitt. p. 613 (1832); Hartl. Syst. Vers. 
Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); Biipp. Syst. Ueb. d. Vog. NO.~Afr. 

p. 94 (1845); Lefebvre, Abyss., Ois. p. 128 (1846-50); Heugl. Syst 
Uebers. n. 468 (1855); id. Faun. Both. Meer. n. 193 ; Brehm, Beis. 
nach Habeseh, p. 363 (1863); Heugl. Journ.f Orn. 1864, p. 153; 
Antin. Catal. p. 2 (1864); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1866, p. 113; Blanf. 
Geol. $ Zool. Abyss, p. 304 (1870); Hartl Abh. Brem. vii. p. 114 
(1881); Dub. Bull Mus. Boy. d'H. N. Belg. iv. p. 147 (1886) 
(Tanganyika). 
Psittacus Aavoscapulatus, Bhrenb.,fide Gray, Gen. B. iii. App. p. 20 
(1849). 
Psittacus niayerii {sic), Bianc. Specim. Mosamb. fasc. iv. p. 49 (1851); 
Heugl. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 294. 

Pyocephalus 
meyeri, Strickl. $ Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 156 
(Damara-Land); Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 213; 
SouaneS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 216; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, 

p. 197 (note); Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. n. 5, 1868, p. 45; Sousa, 
Mus. Nac. Lisb. Phittaci, p. 19 (1809) ; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. Lisb. 
ii 8,1870, p. 348; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 692 ; Bchmo. Vogelhld. 
374 
PSITTA.CIDJ3. 

t. vii. f. 1 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 385 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 224); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl Coll p. 463 (1882); Sclat. List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 337 (1883); f Forbes, Ibis, 1883, p. 525 (Xigrer); 
Schal. Journ. f. Orn. 1883, p. 345; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 'Gen. 
(2) i. p. 255 (1884); Fischer, Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 1884, p. 372 ; 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 122; Agres, Ibis, 1886, p. 291 (Transvaal) ; 
Schal. Journ. f. Orn. 1887, p. 231; Rchnw. Journ. f. Om. 1801, 
p. 146. 
Pyocephalus meyeri, Bj). Kaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. no. 219. 
Poiocepbalus meyeri, Bolle, Journ. f. Or a. 1856, p. 170. 
Pionus mayeri {sic), Heugl. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 37. 
Pkseocephalus xanthopterin, Heugl Jom-n.f. Orn. 1863, p. 271. 
Pionias meyeri, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 464 (1868); Heugl. Peterm. 
Geoffr. Mitth. 1869, pp. 413, 415; Finsch u. Hartl. Vog. O.-Afr. 

p. 500 (1870); Finsch, Trans. Zool. Soc. vii. p. 270 (1870); Heugl. 
Om. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 743 (1871); id. op. cit. Xachtr. p. clvii 
(1871); Antin. e Salvad. Ann. Mtis. Civ. Gen. IT. p. 403 (lb73) ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 191 (1877); Socage, Om. Ang. pp. xiv, 66 
(1881); Bbhm, Journ. f. Orn. 1882, p. 207 ; Holub u. Pelz. Beitr. 
Orn. Sudafr. p. 159 (1882); Sharps, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvii 
p. 430 (1884); Bohm, Journ. /. Orn. 1886, p. 428; Matschie, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1887, p. 149. 
Poicephalus meyeri, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 8284 (1870) ; 
Anderss. B. I)amara-Land, p. 213 (1872). 

Adult. Head, neck, interscapular region, wings, and tail brown ; 

very often, but not always, a broad yellow crescent-like band across 

the crown; bend of the wing, metacarpal edge, under wing-coverts, 

and thighs yellow; lower back, rump, breast, flanks, abdomen, upper 

and under tail-coverts bluish green, in some specimens more bluish 

than green: " irides red" {Heuglhi); u bare skin surrounding the 

eye black ; bill darkish horn-colour, with a tinge of green; legs and 

toes greenish black; iris deep bright red-orange r (Andersson). Total 

length about 9 inches, wing 5-6, tail 2-6, bill 0*9, tarsus 0*6. 

Young. "No yellow band on the crown ; the scapulars and the 

wing-coverts edged with green ; the yellow feathers of the bend of 

the wing and the 
under wing-coverts with brown bases; thighs 

green ; the lower back and the rump brighter blue and less green • 

the lower parts decidedly green, with no bluish tinge. 

Hah. Equatorial Africa from Abyssinia to Transvaal on the east 
and through the interior to Benguela and Damara-Land on the west. 


a, b. Ad. et juv. st. Abyssinia. Riippell "C.\ 
c, d. Ad. sk.Abyssinia. Riippell "*C.^. 
*if,ff-6 2 ad. sk. Kokai, Abyssinia, July. "VT. T. Blanford, ESQ. 

[C.]. H 

h. S ad. sk. Kokai, Abyssinia, July (Jesse). Shelley Coll. 
i, k. <S ad. et $ Kokai, Abyssinia, July (Jesse). Tweeddale Coll. 
juv. sk. 
I ? ad. sk. Kokai, Abyssinia, July (Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m. 2 ad. sk. Kokai, Abyssinia, July (Jesse). Sliarpe Coll. 
n. J ad. sk. Waliko, Abyssinia, July (Jesse). Tweeddale Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Bogos (Fsler). Shelley Coll. 
p. 
Ad. sk. Kutahugali. Nyam Nyam, Sep- F. Bonndorff. Esq. 
tember. * " [C.". 
q. Ad. sk. Zambesi (Bradshuw). Shelley Cull. 
26 . PCEOCEPHALtTS. 
r-u. Ad. sk. Tette (Livingstone). Lord Russell [P.]. 

v. J ad. sk. Makalaka, September. TV. E. & 0. G. Oates, 
Esqrs. [P.]. 
w, x. d $ ad. sk. Matabili, July (T. E. Buckley). Shelley Coll. 
y, %• 8 $ ad. sk. Tati, October. W. E. & C. G. Oates, 

Esqrs. [P.]. 
a'. $ ad. sk. Bamanguato, July (T. E. Shelley Ooll. 
Buckley), 
b'. $ juv. sk. Limpopo Paver, July (T.Ayres). J. H. Gurney, Esq. 

c', d'. Ad. sk. Transvaal (Ayres). Sharpe Ooll. 
e'. S juv. sk. Holfontein, Transvaal. W. E. & O.G. Oates, 

Esqrs. [P.]. 
f'. Ad. sk. Lake Ngami (Chapman). Sharpe Coll. 
g'. $ ad. sk. Ondonga, Jan. (Andersson). Sharpe Coll. 


h'. j ad. sk. Caconda, Dec. (Anchieta). Shelley Coll. 
i\ Skeleton. Abyssinia. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 

[C.]. 

14. Pyocephalus riippelli. 
Psittacus ruppellii, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1848, p. 125, pi. v. (River 
Nunez) ; id. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 20 (1849); Hartl. Syst Orn. W.-
Afr. p. 1C8 (1657); G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 71 (1859); 
llartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 2Q2 (Gaboon) ; Schlep. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 36 (1864); Monteiro, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 94; Chapm. 
Trav. in S. Afr., App. p. 406 (1868); Sharpe, Cat Afr. B. p. 19 
(1871) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, Revue, p. 10 (1874). 

Poeocephalus riippelli, Strickl. § Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 156 
(Damara-Land); Bp. Mev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 154, n. 217; 
Souance, Mev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 216; Bocage, Jorn. Sc. 
Lish. n. 4, 1867, p. 335; Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 20 
(1869); Bocaqe, Jom. Sc. Lisb. n. 17, 1874, p. 57; Rchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. vii. f: 3 (1878-83) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 385 
(Consp. Psitt p. 225). 

Pyocephalus ruppellii, Ha?%tl, Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 194, Ber. 

p. Ixiii. 
Pyocephalus riippelli, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 216. 
Phseocephalus riippelli, Heugl. Journ. f. Orn. 1863, p. 271. 
Pionias ruppelli, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 498 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
iii. p. 192 (1877); Bocage, Orn. Any. pp. xiv, 67 (1881). 
Poicephalusriippellii, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 161, n. 828Q (1870) 
Anderss. B. Damara-Land, p. 214 (1872). 
Psittacus rueppelli, Sharpe, Layards Birds of S. Afr. p. 196 (1875 
84); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 
Poeocephalus 
rueppelli, Salv. Cat B. Strickl. Coll p. 463 (1882) 
Sclat P. Z. S. 1882, pp. 421, 577, pi. xlii.; id. List Vert An. 8tl 
ed. p. 338 (1883) (East Africa !). 

Adult male. General colour above and below smoky brown; sides 
of the head greyish, the ear-coverts decidedly inclining to silvery 
grey; the feathers of the rump and the upper tail-coverts with 
darker edges; smaller wing-coverts on the bend of wings, metacarpal 
edge, and uncLr wing-coverts yellow; thighs also yellow, more or less 
with an orange tinge : bill and feet dark horn-colour ; iris orange. 
Total length 8*5 inches, wing 5'5, tail 3, bill 0*95, tarsus 0*6. 

376 
PSITTACID^E. 

Adult female. Brighter than the male, having the lower hack, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts bright blue, vent and under tail-coverts 
duller blue; in size smaller than the male. 

Young. Like the female, but with the lower back, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts of a brighter blue ; the blue wash on the vent 
and under tail-coverts paler; no yellow patch on the bend of the 
wing; the under wing-coverts of a duller yellow, the metacarpal 
edge pale yellowish brown. 

Hah. South-western Africa from Benguela, or perhaps also from 
Gaboon, to Damara-Land *. 


a. Ad. sk. West Africa. Zool. Soe. Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. [Paver Nunez] Damara-Land Bartlett Coll. 
{Andersson). 
c. Ad. sk. [Eiver Nunez] Damara-Land Bartlett Coll. 
{Andersson). 
d. Ad. sk. Benguela. 
Monteiro Coll. 
e. [$ ] ad. sk. Maconjo {Anchieta). Shelley Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Oapangombe (Anchieta). Sharpe Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Damara-Land {Andersson). Sharpe Coll. 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Otjimbinque, Damara-Land, Tweeddale Coll. 
Oct. {Andersson)* 
i, h. $ 
ad. et Otjimbinque, Damara-Land, Sharpe Coll. 
juv. sk. June, Oct. {Andersson). 


I. 
J ad. sk. Omarura, Damara-Land, No- Sharpe Coll. 
vember {Andersson). 
m. <$ ad. sk. [Abyssinia.] Shelley Coll. 
?i, o72). d ? ad. sk. West Africa. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Subfamily IV. PSITTACIKffi. 

Cere broad, surrounding the base of the upper mandible, but 
narrower below the nostrils; nostrils rounded, not encircled by a 
swelling of the cere; periophthalmic region, and frequently also the 
lores, naked; bill not notched, under mandible longer than deep ; 
wings moderately long ; tail square or rounded, sometimes shorter, 
sometimes longer than half the length of the wing ; plumage grey 
or black, often partly red. Sexes alike. 

Range. The Ethiopian Eegion, with Madagascar and its dependencies, 
and also New Guinea. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Tail square, shorter than half the length of 
the wing ; bill rather compressed and 
lengthened; sides of the head, for the 
greater portion, naked and covered with 
papillae .27 . PSITTACUS, p. 377. 
* Dr. Sharpe assures me that- the birds mentioned by G-ray as from Nunez 
Eiver, and received from Mr. Bartlett, no doubt were Andersson's birds from 
Damara-Lancl. 
27. PSITTACUS. 
377 
b. 
Tail longer than half the length of the 
wing. 
a'. 
Tail square or rounded, about two thirds 
of the length of the wing; bill rather 
thick, swollen at the sides and without a 
distinct notch on the upper mandible ; 
periophthalmic region naked ; lores 
naked and thinly feathered 28. CoRACOPfeifl, p. 380. 

V. 
Tail scarcely rounded, nearly square, about 
three fifths of the length of the wing; 
bill rather long, much longer than deep, 
with no notch, and with the gonys much 
slanting forwards; the greater part of the 
head naked 29. BASYPTILUS, p. 385. 
27. PSITTACUS. 
_ . Type. 
Psittacus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 139 (1766) 1\ eritha/us. 
Androglossa, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 400 (1825) ( = 
Psittacus, and.). 
Rhodurus, Sundev, Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 69 
(1872) p. erithacus. 

Range. Confined to intertropical Africa from the West to Central 
Africa. 

Keg to the Species. 

a. Plumage ash-colour ; tail bright red erithacus, p. 377. 
b. Plumage dark grey ; tail dull dark red timneh, p. 380. 
1. Psittacus erithacus. 
Psittacus erithacus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Friedr. i. p. 14 (1754); id. S. N, 
i. p. 114, n. 24 (1760); Scop. Ann. I, Hist. Nat p. 31, n. 30 
(1769); Gm. S. M i. p. 332, n. 24 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. 
p. 109, n. 83 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 486 (1811); 
Bechst. Lath. Uebers. p. 90 (1811) ; Vieill. N. Diet. xxv. p. 308 
(1817) ; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 83 (1820) ; Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. 
p. 1362 (1823); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. 1, p. 107 (1826); Uenh. Sf 
Clapp. Narr. Trav. App. p. 197 (1826); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers* p. 739 
(1831) ; Less. Tr. oVOrn. p. 197 (partim) (1831); Waal. Mon. 
Ptitt. p. 579 (1832); Owen, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 23 ; Hahn, Orn. Atl., 
Papag. p. 38, t. 22 (1834); Selby, Fat £#J\, Parrots, p. 106, pi. 10 
(1836) ; Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837); Jfartl Si/st. Vcrz. Ges. 
Mus. p. 87 (1844); G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 1 (1846); 
Schmidt, Beitr. a. Flor. d. Capverd. Ins. p. 33; Bp. Consp. 
Av. i. p. 5 (1850); Marti Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 193; Bp. Bev. 
et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 154, n. 208; Brehm, Mon. d. Pap. t. 60 
(1855) ; Sund. Journ f. Orn. 1855, p. 1G5; Souanee, Bev. et Mag. 
de Zool 1856, p. 215; Bp. Nauma?inia, 1856, Consp. Psitt, n. 221; 
Bolle. Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 23; Jfartl Syst. Orn. W.-Afr. 
p. 166 (1857) ; Crisp, P Z. 8. 1857, p. 215 ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. 69 (1859) ; Crisp, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 258; Ilartl 
Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 262; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh. i. Berigt. 
p. xvi (1863); Parker, P, Z. S. 1863, p. 516; Heugl. Journ. f. Orn. 
378 PSITTACID-E. 

1863, p. 271; Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 37 (1864) ; Parker, 

P. Z. S. I860, p. 238 (note); Xeulem. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. 
p. 380 (1866); Bohrn, P. Z. S. 1866, pp. 325, 320 (Prince Isl.); 
Brehm, Thierleb. iii. p. 21 (with figure) (1866); Finsch, Papag. 
ii. p. 308 (1868); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 19 (18(J9j ; 
G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8268 (1870); Skarpe, Ibis, 
1870, p. 57 (Fantee); Lildher, Journ.f Orn. 1871, p. 334; Sharpe, 
Cat. Afr. B. p. 19 (1871); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 745 
(1871); Stolher, Jour. f. Orn. 1872, p. 18; Rehnw. u. Zuhder, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1873, p. 218; Rchnw. ibid. p. 299; Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1873, pp. 466,633,1874, p. 587; Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 56; Sclat. Ibis, 
1874, p. 185 (TVrestof Lake Tangyanika); Rchmc. Journ.f. Orn. 1875, 
p. 10 (Goldkiiste, Nigergegend, "Karnerum, Gabon), p. 48; Gullw. 
P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 307 ; Rchmc. 
Jour?i. f Orn. 1877, p. 14 (Loango) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 336 
(1877); Fischer, Journ.f Orn. 1880, p. 189 (Tanganika) ; Bchnw. 
VogelULd. t. vii. I 5 (1878-83); id. Jour. f Orn. 1881, p. 262 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 150) ; Bocage, Orn. dfAng. p. 66 (1881) ; Hart I. 
Abh. Brem. vii. p. 126 (1881), viii. p. 211 (1882); Forbes, Ibis, 
1883, p. 505 (Niger); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 336 (1883); 
Bias. Jour. f Orn. 1884, p. 229; Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1885, 
p. 212; Sundev.Ibis, 1886, p. 454; Hartert, Journ.f. Orn. 1886, 
pp. 570, 598; Rchnw. Jour. f Orn. 1887, pp. 56, 220, 305; 
Shelley, P. Z. S.1888, p. 44; Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1890, p. 110. 
Psittacus guineensis cinereus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 310 (1760). 
Perroquet cendr6 de Guinee, D''Aubent. PI. Fnl. 311. 
Le Jaco, ou Perroquet cendre, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 100 (1779). 
Ash-coloured Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 261 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 


p. 208 (1822). 
Le Perroquet cendre^ LevailL Perr. ii. pis. 99, 100, 103 (1805). 
Psittacus pulverulentus, Magyar Ldszld {nee Gm.), Delafrik, TJtazdsai, 
i. p. 242 (1849-57). 
Grey Parrot, Monteiro, Angola fy Congo, i. p. 54 (1875). 


Var. a. 

Psittacus ruber, Scop. Annus I. Hist. Nat. p. 32, n. 31 (1769). 
Ash-coloured Parrot, var. C, Lath. Syn. i. p. 262 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 209 (1822). 
Psittacus erithacus, var. S, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 332 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. i. p. 110 (1790); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 83, var. 2 (1820). 
Le Perroquet cendre" tapire*, LevailL Perr. ii. pi. 101 (1805). 

Tar. (3. 

Cacatua alis et cauda rubris, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 214 (1760) (ex Aldrcvandio). 


Psittacus erythroleucus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 144, n. 23 (1766) (ex 
Aldrovandio); Gm. 8. N. i. p. 332, no. 23 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. 
I p. 109, n. 82 (1790); Bechst Lath. TJeb. p. 89 (1812); Vieill 
Fnc. MM. iii. p. 1414 (1823). 

Var. y. 

The Ash-colour'd and Ped Parrot, Edw. Nat. Hist. B. ii. p. 163, 
pi. 163 (1750). 

27. PSITTACUS. 
379 
Psittacus Guineensis alls rubris, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 312 (1760). 

Psittacus Guineensis rubro varius, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 313 (1760). 

Ash-coloured Parrot, var. A et B, Lath. Syn, i. p. 262 (1781): id. 

Gen. Hist ii. p. 209 (1822). 
Psittacus erithacus, var. /3, y, Gm. S. N. i. p. 332 (1788); Lath. Incl 

Orn. i. p. 110 (1790); Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 579, var. a (1832). 
King-Parrot, Monteiro, Angola Sf Congo, i. p. 54 (1875). 
Psittacus rubro varius, Rochebr. Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. viii. pp. 167, 
168 (1884); id. Faun. Sinfy., Ois. p. 84, pi. 10 (1884); Ibis. 1885, 

p. 322 ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 1886, p. 44. 
Var. 3. 

? Maracana brasiliensibus, Marcgr. Hist. Bras. libr. ix. p. 207. 
Psittacus brasiliensis cinereus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 313 (1760) (ex 
Marcgrav). 
Cinereous Parrot, Lath, Syn. i. p. 263 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. 

p. 210 (1822). 
Psittacus 
cinereus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 333, n. 97 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. i. p. 110, n. 84 (1790); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 90 (1812). 

Adult, Ash-coloured, rump and abdomen much lighter; the 
feathers of the head and neck with whitish edges, those of the 
abdomen with darker edges; primaries blackish, with a grey tinge 
towards the base; upper and under tail-coverts and tail red; forehead, 
lores, and sides of the head devoid of feathers, but covered with 
whitish small papillae: bill black; feet grey; irides pale yellow. 
Total length about 13 inches, wing 9-1, tail 3*3, bill 1-5 to 1*3, 
tarsus 0-7. 

Young. Differs in having the tail dark red towards the tip, and 
the under tail-coverts dark red tinged with greyish. 

JIab. Equatorial Africa from Senegambia, Guinea, Congo region, 
and Prince Island in the Gulf of Guinea, across Africa to the east 
of Lake Nyanza. 

Some specimens are much darker than the ordinary ones, resembling 
in that respect P. timneh; they probably belong to a 
distinct race. Other specimens have a great many red feathers 
irregularly distributed all over the body, and it has been stated that 
they belong to a distinct race, only found in the Interior. 

Purchased. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. Africa. Sir A. Panizzi [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. W. Africa. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. W, Africa. Sharpe Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad.sk. (Dark var.) 
g. Ad. sk. (Red var.) 
h. $ ad. sk. (Red 
var.) 
Fantee. 
Africa. 
Land der Mabode, Equatorial 
Africa, June. 
Sharpe Coll. 
Purchased. 
Mrs. Wallis [P.], 
Emin Pasha [P.]. 
i. Skeleton. 

380 
PfcSITTACIDJB. 

2. Psittacus timnelu 
Seconde varied duPerroquet cendr6, LevailL Pen: pi. 102 (1805). 
Psittacus erythacus, var. 1, Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 83 (1820). 
Psittacus erytkacus, var. y, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 579 (1832). 
Psittacus timneli, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1844, p. 38; G. P. Gr. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 421, n. 6 (1846); Pp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854. p. 154, 
n. 209 ; Earth Joum.f. Orn. 1854, p. 194; Souance, Per. et Mag. 
de ZooL 1856, p. 215 ; Pp. Naimiannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt, n. 222; 
Earth Si/st. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 167 (1857) ; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. 69 (1859) ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1861, p. 101; Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 315 (18C8) ; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 19 
(18C9) ; G. P. Gr. Eand-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8269 (1870) ; Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1871, p. 494; Schleg. Mus. P.-P. Psittaci, Revue, p. 10 
(1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 345 (1877); Rchnw. Orn. Centralbh 
1878, p. 04; id. Joum.f. Orn. 1878, p. 209, 1879, p. 21$: Rchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. vii. f. 4 (1878-83); Buttih. Kot Leyd. Mus vii. 
p. 212 (1885); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 (1890). 
Psittacus 
carycinurus, Pchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 262 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 150) ; id. Vogelbild., Syst Verz. n. 274 (1883). 

Adult. Dark grey; lower back, ruurp, and abdomen light grey; 
the feathers of the head and neck have lighter edges ; on the cheeks 
each feather has a small whitish spot; forehead and periophthalmic 
region naked, covered with small whitish papillae ; upper tail-coverts 
dark grey ; the longer under tail-coverts dark grey with some red 
tinge; quills blackish; tail-feathers dull dark red, with the 
edges darker and browner : " irides pale yellow or yellowish 
white ; the base of the maxilla pale horn-colour, tip and lower 
mandible black; feet grey" (Buttilcofer). Total length about 
12 inches, wing 8-7, tail 2*3,"bill 1*3, tarsus 0*65. 

Eab. Liberia and lower Sierra Leone. 

The second specimen in the list is much darker than the type. 

a. Ad. sk. Zoological Society Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. tf ad. sk. Sierra Leone (?). Zoological Society Coll. 

28. CORACOPSIS. 
Type. 
Coracopsis, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 501 (1832) C. nigra. 
Vigorsia, Sxo. Class. P. ii. p. 304 (1837) C. vasa. 
Vaza, G. P. Gr. List Gen. § Subgen. B. p. 85, n. 1443 

(1855) C. nigra. 
Vasa, Schleg. JDierent., Aves, p. 71 (1864?). 

Range. The Madagascar subregion. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Underparts nearly black. 
a'. Larger: wing 12 inches , ... vasa, p. 381. 
b'. Smaller : wing 9*3 inches nigra, p. 382. 
28. 
CORACOPSIS. 
381 

b. Underparts brown. 
</. Larger : wing 11*5 inches comorensis, p. 383. 
d'. Smaller: wing not more than 8 inches. 
a". Primaries grey on their outer webs ... . barldyi, p. 384. 

b". 
Primaries pale brown, like the rest of the 
plumage, with no grey colour on their 
outer webs sibilans, p. 384. 

1. Coracopsis vasa. 
Le Grand Vaza, Lemill Perr. ii. p. 23, pi. 81 (1805). 
Psittacus vasa, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2,p. 528 (1811) (ex Levaillant); 
Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 29 (1820): Sibree. Madag. and its People, 

p. 547(1869). 
I ' 
Psittacus obscurus, Bechst. (nee Linn.) Lath. Ueb. p. 89 (1811) ', 
Schlep. Mus. P.-B. Psitlaci, p. 37 (1864); Schley, et Poll Peek. 
Faun. Madag. pp. 51, 157 (partim) (1868); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Revue, p. 10 (1874). 

Vasa Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 213 (1822). 
Platycercus va^>a, Vig. Zool. Journ. in. p. 244 (1827); Benn. Gard. 
fy Menag. of the Zool Soc. ii. p. 247 (1831). 
Psittacus vaza, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 197 (1831); Finsch, Papag. 

ii. gp. 301, 935 (1808) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 346 (partim) 
Coracopsis nigra (part.), Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 680 (1832); G. R. Gr. 

Gen. B. ii. p. 407, n. 2 (partim) (1846). 
Vigorsia vasa, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 304 (1837). 
Coracopsis vasa, Bp. Coyisp. Av. i. p. 7 (1850) ; id. Rev. et Mag. de 

Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 246; Souanci, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 

p. 223; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 237; Pelz. Naumantiia, 
1858, p. 497; Kollar, Sitzb. d. Ah. Wiss. zu Wien, 1858, 
p. 342 ; Hartl Journ. f. Orn. 1860, p. 106; id. Orn. Beitr. Faun. 
Madag. p. 58 (1861) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 164; B. Newt. Ibis, 
1863. p. 452 ; A. Newt. Ibis, 1865, p. 224; id. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 834 ; 
Grundid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 389; Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci,p.22(1869); A.SfH.Neiot Ibis, 1876, p.284; Oust. 
Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, (7) ii. p. 165 (1878); Sclat. List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 335 (1883); id. P. Z. S. 1884, pp. 410, 562. 
Coracopsis vaza, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 2 (1859) ; 
Maillard, Not. sur File de la Reun. p. 162 (1862) (Rdunion) ; 
Pollen, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierl. i. p. 299 (1863) ; Roch $• E. Newt 
Ibis, 1863, p. 165; Hartl. Tog. Madag. p. 228 (1877); Rehnw. 

Vogelbild. t. vii. f. 8 (1878-83). 
Coracopsis melanorhyncha, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigt. 

p. xx (1863); Rchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 260 (Consp. Psitt 
p. 148). 
Vaza obscura, Schleg. Uandl. d. Dierh. i. p. 71 (1857); id. Dierent. 
p. 71 (with figure) (1864) ; Coqxier. Bull. Soc. Accl. de la Rhui. 
ii. p. 10 (1864). 
Vaza vaza, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 159, n. 8264 (1870). 
Vaza melanorhyncha, G. R. Gr. op. cit. n. 8265 (1870). 
Coracopsis obscura, Milne-Fdw. et Grand. Hist. Madag., Ois. i. p. 1, 
Atl. pis. i., ii., v. (1876); Rchmo. Vogelbild., Sgst. Verz. n. 270 
(1883); Sibree, Madag. Orn. pp. 13, 21 (1889); id. Ibis, 1891, 
pp. 212, 214. 

Advlt. Blackish brown ; wings, lower back, upper tail-coverts, 

382 PSITTACID2E. 

and tail glaucous grey; the smaller and median upper wing-coverts 
darker, blackish brown ; under tail-coverts grey, with black shafts; 
across the middle of the tail a darker band, scarcely perceptible : 
naked skin round the eyes and cere yellowish; bill black after the 
moult, becomes whitish later on; irides and feet dusky brown. 
Total length about 20 inches, wing 12, tail 8, bill 1*55, tarsus 0*9. 

Female, Duller. 

Hab. Madagascar. It has been introduced in Reunion Island. 

a. Ad. sk. Madagascar. The Duke of Susses [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
d. Juv. sk. 
Madagascar, June. 
Madagascar. 
Taraatave, Madagascar,
June. 
Shelley Coll. 
R. B. Skarpe, Esq. [P.]. 
Purchased. 

2. Coracopsis nigra. 
Black Parrot, Edw. Nat Hist. B. i. p. 5, pi. 5 (1750) * Lath. St/n. 
i. p. 264 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 212 (1822). 
Psittacus madagascariensis niger, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 1317 (1760). 
Psittacus niger, Linn. S. N. i. p. 143, n. 29 (1766) (ex Edwards); 
Gm. S. N. i. p. 336, n. 29 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. Ill, 

n. 86 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 529 (1811); Bechst. 
Lath. Ueb. p. 89 (1812); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 317 (1817); Euhl, 
Consp. Psitt p. 28 (1820); Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1369, pi. 227. 
f. 2 (1823); Voigt, Cuv. Uelers. p. 729 (1831); Sganz. Mem. Soc 
Hist. Nat St^asb. iii. p. 35 (1840); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
p. 37 (1864); id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 424 ; Finseh, Papag. ii. pp. 298f 
955 (1868) ; Schleg. et Poll Eech. Faun. Madag. pp. 62, 157 
(1868); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Eevue, p. 10 (1874); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. hi. p. 341 (1877). 
Le Perroquet noir de Madagascar, Daubent. PI. Enl. 500. 
Le Vaza, on Perroquet noir, Buff. Hist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 119 (1779). 
Le Petit Vaza, Levaill Perr. pi. 82 (1805). 
Psittacus vaza, var., Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 197 (1831). 
Coracopsis nigra (part.), Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 680 (1832); G. R. Gr. 


Gen. B. ii. p. 407, n. 2 (partim) (1846); Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 7 
(1850); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 2 (1859) ; Hartl 
Journ. f. Orn. 1860, p. 107 ; id. Orn. Beitr. Faun. Madag. p. 58 
(1861); Roch $ E. Neiot Ibis, 1863, p. 165; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, 

p. 164 ; E. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 452 ; Finseh, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. 
i. Berigt, p. xx (1863); Grandid. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, 
p. 389; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 22 (1869); Sundev. 
Meth. nat Av. disp. Tent p. 70 (1872); Bartl P. Z. S. 1875, 
p. 67; Milne-Edw. et Grand. Hist Madag., Ois. i. p. 6, Atl. 
pis. iii., iv., vi. (1876); Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 227 (1877); Oust 
Bull. Soc. Philom. (7) ii. p. 165 (1878); Forbes, Ibis, 1879, p. 305; 
Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 261 (Consp. Psitt p. 149) ; id. 
Vogelbild. text to Taf. vii. f. 8 (1883); Sclat List Yert. An. 8th ed. 

p. 336 (1883); Milne-Edw. et Oust Nouv. Arch. Mus. (2) vi. 
p. 229 (1884); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 78 (1889) ; Silree, Madag. 
Orn. pp. 13, 21 (1889) ; id. Ibis, 1891, pp. 212, 214. 
Vigorsia niger, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 304 (1837). 
Coracopsis niger, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 245 ; 

Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 223; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 256; A. $ E. Newt. Ibis, 1876, p. 285 (note). 

28 . CORACOPSIS. 
383 

Vasa nigra, Schleg. Dierent. p. 71 (1864). 
Vaza nigra, G. P. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 159, n. 8263 (1870) *. 


Adult. Exactly like 0. vasa, only much smaller; naked skin 
round the eyes rose-colour : bill black after the moult, becomes 
whitish later on ; irides brown ; feet blackish. Total length 15*6 
inches, wing 1-3, tail 6-5, bill 1*08, tarsus 0-68. 

Female. Smaller. 
Hab. Madagascar. 


a. Ad. sk. Madagascar Massena Coll. 
b, c. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Shelley Coll. 
d. A d. sk. Central Madagascar. Shelley Coll. 
e. $ 
ad. sk. Ankafana, Madagascar, Rev. W. 1). Cowan 
March. [C.]. 
f. Ad. sk. Madagascar, July (W. Tweeddale Coll. 
D. Cowan). 
g. 
Ad. sk. Madagascar. Kev. W. I). Cowan 
[O.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Purchased. 
3. Coracopsis comorensis. 
Coracopsis comorensis, Peters, Sitzb. der Berl. Akad. der Wissensch. 
1854, p. 371; Licht. NomencL Av. p. 71 (1854); Hartl. Journ.f. 
Orn. 1860, p. 107 ; id. Orn. JBeitr. Faun. Madag. p. 59 (1801): 
Sclat. Ibis, 1864, pp. 295, 300 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 474; Hartl 
Vdg. Madag, p. 230 (1877); E. Newt. P. Z. S.1877, pp. 29G, 302 ; 
Oust. Bull. JSOC. PMom. (7) ii. p. 165 (1878) ; Shelley, P. Z. S. 
1879, p. G74; Belinw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 261 (Consp. Psitt 

p. 149); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 70 (1883) ; Milne-Edio. et Oust. 
Nouv. Arch. Mus. (2) x. p. 226(1889). 
Coracopsis comarensis, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 258; 

G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 3 (1859). 
Psittacus comorensis, Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 304 (1808); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 335 (1877). 
Psittacus obscurus, part., Schleg. et Poll. Pech. Faun. Madag. p. 157 
(1868). 
Vaza comorensis, G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8266 (1870). 

Adult. Yery much like 0. vasa and about the same size, but the 
general brown colour paler, and the grey colour of the wings and 
tail less bluish and more brownish ; under tail-coverts not grey but 
light brown, like the rest of the underparts : irides brown ; bill and 
cere brown ; feet blackish brown. Total length 19 inches, wing 
11-5, tail 8-5, bill 1-3, tarsus 0*9. 


* It seems that the following quotations also refer to Coracopsis nigra:— 
Psittacus fuscus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 314 (1760); Gm. 8. N. i. p. 333, n. 99 
(1788); Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. Ill, n. 88 (1790); Bechst. Kurze Uebers. 

p. 90 (1812); Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 739 (1832) (av. dub.). 
Perroquet brim, Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. vi. p. 121 (1779). 
Brown Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 266 (1781). 
Ash-brown Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 214 (1822). 
384 
PSITTAOTDJE. 

Female. Smaller. 

Hah. Comoro Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Anjuan Island. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Anjuan Island (Kirk). Lord Russell [Pf. 
c. Ad. sk. Anjuan Island (Kirk). Shelley Coll. 
d. e. Ad. sk. Grand Comoro {Kirk), Shelley Cull. 
4. Coracopsis barklyi. 
Coracopsis barklyi, E. Xeiot. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 346, pi. xxii.: id. Ibisf 
1867, pp. 341/359; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 473, 1871, p. 36, 1874, 

p. 496 ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587 ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1875, p. 02 ; 
A.$E. Kewt. Ibis, 1876, pp. 282, 283; Oust. Bull Soe. PMlom. (7) 
i. p. 101(1877); Hartl. Tog. Madag. p. 231 (1877;; Oust. Bull. 
Soc. PMlom. (7) ii. p. 164 (1878); Sclat. P.Z. 8. 1879, p. 300; 
Rchnio. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 2Q1 {Consp. Psitt. p. 1491; id. Togelbild. 
Nachtr. 70 (1883); Sclat. ListTert. An. 8th ed. p. 336 f 1683j; 
Milne-Edw. et Oust Nouv.Arch. Mus. (2) x. p. 229 (1889). 
Psittacus 
barklyi, Finsck, Papag. ii. 2, p. 954 (1868)'; Schleg. et 
Poll. Peek. Faun. Madag. p. 157 (1868); Gieb. The*. Or a. iii. 

p. 333 (1877). 
Vaza barkleyi, G. R. Or. Hand-list ii. p. 160, n. 8267 (1870). 
Coracopsis barkleyi, Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 78 (1890). 
Adult. Like 0. comorensis in colouring, but much smaller; pale 
brown; pileum with obsolete paler spots; primaries greyish on their 
outer webs : bill horny brownish; feet black. Total length about 
12 inches, wing 8, tail 5*3, bill 0*85, tarsus 0*65. 

Hah. Praslin, Seychelles Islands. 

a,b. S $ ad. sk. Seychelles (E. Newtoji). Shelley Coll. 
c. Ad sk. Seychelles. Shelley Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Seychelles. TVeeddale Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. . Praslin, Seychelles TrLtram Coll. 
(Warry). 
f. Ad. sk. Praslin, Seychelles. ^ Zool. Soc. Coll. 

(A typical specimen; mentioned 
in the original description.) 

5. Coracopsis sibHaits. 
? Coracopsis barklyi, E. Kewt. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 296, 302 (Anjuan 
Island) (nee P. Z. S. 1867, p. 346, pi. xxii.) • Shelley, P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 675, n. 6 (Grand Comoro and Anjuan). 
Coracopsis 
sibilans, Milne-Ediu. et Oust. Compi. Mend. ci. p. 220 
(1885); iid. Ann. Sc. Nat, Zool. ser. vii. t. ii. art. n. 5, p. 214 
(1887); iid. Nouv. Arch. Mus. (2) x. p. 227 (1889). 

Yery much like O. barklyi, from which it can only be distinguished 
by the browner colour of the wings and especially of the 
primaries, which want the greyish tinge peculiar to the other 
species. Total length about 12 inches, wing 7*6 to 6*9, tail 5*5, 
bill 0*90 to 0*75, tarsus 0*65. 

Hah. Grand Comoro and Anjuan Island, 

29 . DASTPTILTJS. 
385 

I have compared with the following specimens two others pre-* 
served in the Museum of Cambridge. I cannot confirm the other 
distinctive characters mentioned in the original descriptions of this 
species, such as the wing being longer than in O. barMyi and the 
ear-coverts darker. 

a. Ad. sk. Grand Comoro (Kirk). Shelley Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Anjuan Island (Kirk). Shelley Coll. 
29. 
DASYPTILUS. « 
Type. 
Psittriehas, Less. Bull. Univ. 8c. Nat. xxv. p. 241 
(1831) D. pesqueti. 
Dasyptilus, 
Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 502 (1832) D. pesqueti. 
Of. Meyer, Mitth. zool. Mm. Dresd. 1875, p, 14; Garrod, 

P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 691, 692. 
Range. Confined to New Guinea. 
1. Dasyptilus pesqueti. -
Psittacus pecquetii, Less. Bull, des 8c. Nat. xxv. p. 241 (Juin 1831); 
Bourj. Pern pi. 07 (1837-38). 
Psittacus pesquetii, Less. III. de Zool. pi. 1 (1831) ,* Less. Descr. 
Mamm. et Ois. p. 199 (1847). 
Banksianus fulgidus, Less. Tr. cPOrn. p. 181 (1831) (type examined); 
Pucher. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 156 ; Hartl. Journ. f. Orn. 
1855, p. 422 j 8alvad. Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 317 (1878). 
Dasyptilus pecquetii, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. pp. 502, 681, 735 (1832) ; 
G, B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 427 (1846); Bp. Consp. i. p. 8 (1850) ,• Le 
Maout, Eist. Nat. Ois. p. 104, pi. 2 (1853); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 248; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 

n. 260; G. R. Gr. Cat. B. New Gum. pp. 43, 60 (1859); id. List 
Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 100 (1859) ; 8clat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; 
Rosenh. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 65 ; id. Nat. Tijdschr. xxv. pp. 146, 
147 (1863),- id. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 116, n. 38; Bernst. Nat. 
Tijdschr. Ned. 2nd. xxvii. p. 297 (1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. 
ii. p. 327 (1865) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 159, n. 8260 (1870); 
Salvad. AttiR. Ace. 8c. Tor. ix. p. 630 (1874); D'Alb. Nature, 1876, 
xv. p. 165; Meyer, Mitth. z. Mus. Dresd. i. p. 14 (1875); Rowley, 
Orn. Misc. i. p. 32 (1875); Garrod, P. Z. S.1876, p. 691; Meyer, 
Vdgcl-8kelett. i. Taf. i. (1879); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 
Dasyptilus pequeti, Jard. Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 140, pi. xvii. (1836); 
WaU. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 287, 294. 
^Psittrichas pesqueti, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 199, pi. 25. f. 2 

(1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. Ois. p. 603, pi. —. f. 2 (1838). 
Oalyptorhynchus fulgidus, Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 426, n. 11 (1845). . 
Dasyptilus fulgidus, Bp. Rev.'et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 157; id. 

Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 261; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 100 (1859); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 323 (1868); 8alvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 317 (1878). 

Dasyptilus pesqueti, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195, 1861, p. 437; 
Finsch, Papag. ii. pp. 320, 955 (1868); Qieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 18 
(1874); Meyer, 8itzb. Isis Dresd. 1873, p. 76; Beccari, Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 714 (1875); id. Ibis, 1876, p. 252; 8alvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 31, n, 54, p. 121 (1877), xii. p. 317 

VOL. xx. 
2 c 

886 PSITTACID-2E. 

(1878): BAlb. Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

x. pp. 8, 19 (1877) ; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 365; D'Alh. $ Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 36 (1879) ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. 
p. 216 (1880); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zoology, xvi. p. 426 
(1882); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 518 (1882); Bchnw. 
Vogelbild. t. xviii. f. 2 (1878-83); Sharpe, Gould's B. New Gum. 
pt. xiv. pi. 1 (1883); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 621; Finsch u. 
Meyer, Zeitschr.f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 5; Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. ser. % xl. p. 38 (1889). 
Nestor pecquetii, Schleg. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 377 ; id. Mus. P.-B. 

Psittaci. p. 157 (1864) ; id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue, p. 70 

(1874). 

Dasyptilus pesequeti, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865). 

Microglossum pecqueti, Bosenb. Zool. Gart. 1878, p. 347. 

Dasyptilus pequetti, Mosel. Not. by a Natur. on the Chall. pp. 392, 

479 (1879)* 
Nestor pesqueti, Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 22 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 22). 
Adult. Black, the feathers of the breast edged with brownish 
grey; abdomen, sides, upper and under tail-coverts, median npper 
wing-coverts, the outer web of the secondaries, and under wing-
coverts red; forehead, sides of the head, and throat nearly naked, 
with few hair-like feathers ; black feathers of the pileum and of the 
nape narrow, pointed ; a red band on each side of the occiput; tail 
black: bill and feet black; iris maroon. Total length from 21 to 
20 inches, wing 12, tail 7*5, bill 0*65, tarsus 1. 

Young. Besides being smaller, has the red colour less bright and 
less extended on the wings. 
Hab. New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Purchased. 
b. $ ad. sk. Aifak Mts., New Guinea. Gould Coll. 
c. 2 imm. sk. Has, N.W. New Guinea. Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea {A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. {A, Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 
Subfamily V. PAL^EOENITHIN^B. 

Bill moderate, or very strong, deeper than long (in Loriculus long 
and thin); the horny covering of the bill smooth, mostly red, sometimes 
black; ctilmen rounded, smooth or with a longitudinal groove ; 
gonys flattened or rounded, smooth or with a feeble median ridge or 
keel; cere narrow, equally broad, surrounding the whole base of 
the bill, generally partly feathered; nostrils hidden or exposed; tail 

* " I saw on the main island a scarlet and black Parrot or Cockatoo of some 
kind, whichflew out of some high trees on the sea-shore, screaming loudly, like 
a Cockatoo. The bird was wary, and I could not get a shot at it. It reminded 
me at the time of the rare Dasyptilus pequetti of New O-uinea; it was 
of about that size." (MOSBLEY, ' Notes by a Naturalist on the Challenger/ 
p. 479, 1879.) 5 
Bab. Admiralty Islands. 
PALJEORNITHIM. 

387 

sometimes very long and graduated, sometimes short and square, or 

wedge-shaped; wing generally with the second and third quills the 

longest. Sexes mostly different. 
Range, Australian, Oriental, and Ethiopian Regions. 

Key to the Genera, 

a. 
Bill thick, deeper than long. 
a'. Gonys with a distinct ridge or keel along 
the middle. 
a". Tail long or moderate. 
a'". Plumage with no black bars. 
a4. Tail moderate, square or nearly so. 
a5. Central tail-feathers normal. 


«6. Upper mandible notched; nostrils 
concealed ; size large : 
males green, females red ... . 30. ECLMCTUS, p. 388. 
b*. Upper^ mandible not notched j 
nostrils exposed; size moderate 
; plumage green; head 
mostly red in males, brown in [p. 399. 

females 31. GEOFFROYUS, 
b*. Central tail-feathers spatulated .. 32. PRIONITXIBUS, 
bK Tail not square. [p. 414. 
c\ Tail moderate. 
c6. Tail rounded ; bill moderate, [p. 421. 
red; nostrils concealed 33. MASCABINUS *, 

dG. Tail nearly ctmeated ; bill very 
deep and powerful, with the 
anterior surface of the lower [p. 422. 
mandible very broad 34. TANYGNATHUS, 

d\ Tail long and graduated. 
e6. Tail-feathers narrow, especially 
the two central ones. 

a7. Bill stronger, with the upper 
mandible notched; frequently [p. 433. 
a collar round the hind neck. 35. PALJEOBNIS f, 

U7. Bill weaker, with the upper [p. 477. 
mandible not notched 36. POLYTELIS", 

* I have followed Mr. Forbes (Ibis, 1879, p. 307) in placing Mascarinus 
near Tanygnathus. 
t 
The following extinct genus finds its place next to Palceomis :— 

NECROrSITTACUS. rp 

Necropsittacus, A. Mifoe-Edw. Ann, d. So. Nat. (5) xix. # 
Art. 8, p. 18 (1874) N. rodencanua. 

NlCROPSITTACUS RODERICANUS. 

Psittacus rodericanus, A. Mifae-Edw. Ann. So. Nat. (5) viii. pp. 151-155, 
nl 7 ff 1 2 (tip of the upper mandible) (1867); id. Compt. Rend. Ac. Sc. 
Kris, ixv. pp. 1121-11& (1867); id. Ann. So Nat (5) xix. Art. 3, 
pp 16-18 pi. 13. ff. % 2a, 2b (upper mandible), 2ct 2d, 2e (under 
mandible) (1874). 

388 
PSITIACIDiE. 

/*. Tail-featliers very broad. 
c7, Tail-feathers almost equally 
long 37. PTISTES, p. 481. 
d7. Tail much graduated. 

a8. Bill weaker, with the upper 
mandible notched, and 
more or less red, especially [p. 485. 
at the base 38. APROSMICTUS, 

¥. Bill stronger, deeper than 
long, of a black horn-colour, 
with the upper mandible [p. 493. 
not notched 39. PYRRHULOPSIS, 

b"r. Plumage above, or even below, more 
or less banded; tail moderate ; bill not [p. 498. 
notched 40. PSITTACELLA, 

b"' Tail short, about one-third the length of 
the wing. 
c'". Bill moderately swollen on the sides j 
upper mandible notched 41. PSITTINUS, p. 500. 

d'". Bill much swollen, nearly globose ; 
upper mandible not notched, but deeply [p. 503. 
sinuated along the edges 42. BOLBOPSITTACUS, 

b\ No distinct ridge or keel along the middle 
of the gonys ; tail short, with a subterminal [p. 506. 
black band 43. AGAPORNIS, 

b. 
Bill thin, longer than deep ; upper mandible 
long and very little curved ; gonys much 
slanting upwards and nearly straight; under 
surface of the quills and "tail-feathers ver- [p* 515. 
diter-blue; size small 44. LORICULXJS, 
30. 
ECLECTUS. ™ 
Type. 
Mascarinus (part.), Less. Tr. cPOrn. p. 188 (1831). 
Eclectus, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p.- 495 (1832) E. pectoralis. 
Psittacodis, Wagl. ibid, (part.) (1832); Bp. Consp. Gen. 

Av. i. p. 4 (1850) E. pectoralis. 
Polychlorus; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 226 E. pectoralis. 
Muscarinus (errore), G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 157 

(1870) 
E. pectoralis. 

Range. The Moluccas, Tenimber Islands, and the Papuan Islands. 

Eclectus rodericanus, A. Milne-Edw. Ann. JSc. Nat. (5) vii. p. 154 (1867) ; 

xix. Art. 3, p. 17 (1874). 
NecropsittacuB rodericanus, A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 41; A. $ E. Newt. 
Ms, 1876, pp. 287, 289; Gwitk, # E. Newt. Phil. Trans, vol. 168. p. 429, 
pi. xlii. ff. K-N (1879); E. Newt. Trans. Norf. $ Norw. Ned. 8oc.br. 

p. 550 (1888.) 
First known from a portion of the upper mandible, and then from a nearly 
complete skull and other J^ones. From a manuscript found in the Archives of 
the Ministere de la Marine at Paris, it appears that this Parrot was still living 
in Eodriguez at a not very distant date; it was larger than a Pigeon, and it had 
the tail very long, and the head and bill very large. 

The affinities of this form to Talaomis, first shown by Prof. A. Milne-
Edwards on what seemed to be slender evidence, were fully confirmed on the 
examination by Dr. G-iinther and Sir Edward Newton of further remains subsequently 
obtained from the caves of Rodriguez, where they occur with those of 

Pezophaps. 

30. 
ICXEOIUS. 3g9 
Key to the Species, 

t. Green: males. 
a'. Sides of the body red. 
a". Larger ; total length from 18'0 to ItKJ 
inches. 
a'". 
Green colour purer; tail generally less 
blue peetoralk, p, 3.S9. 

o 
. Green colour with a yellowish tinge; 
lateral tail-leathers generally much more 
lt 0 
hlm *. roratm, p. 393. 
b\ bmaller: total length 157 to 13*8 inches,


green colour quite pure j lateral tail-
feathers with very little blue colour, which 
is nearly confined to the external web of 
the outer tail-feathers. 


c'". Tip of the tail slightly yellowish cardinalis, p. 391. 
d'". Tail with a well-defined bright yellow 
band at the tip riedeli, p. 390. 
b'. Sides of the body green, with no red patches . westennanni, p. 397, 
. Red: females. 

c. 
A band across the nape, covering also the 
upper back, lower breast, and abdomen, blue 
or purple. 
c'f, A blue ring round the eyts; band on the 
upper back and abdomen bright blue ... . peetomlis, p. 389. 
d". No blue ring round the eyes ; band on the 
upper back and abdomen purple. 
e'". Under tail-coverts red, the longest more 
or less tinged with yellow cardinalis, p. 394. 
f". Under tail-coverts bright yellow roratm} p. 393. 

d'. No blue or purple band on the nape and upper 
back; abdomen red, with no blue or purple 
colour. 


e". 
Smaller: under tail-coverts and a broad 
band at the tip of the tail-feathers yellow.riedeM, p. 396. 
f". Larger: under tail-coverts red: no yellow 
band at the tip of the tail-feathers ..«,. . eornelia, p. 398. 

1. Eclectus pectoralis. 
Green 
and red Parrot from China, Edw. Glean, v. pi. 231 (1758); 
Seligm. Ami Vog. vii. pi. 14 (1770). 
Psittacus sinensis. Briss. Orn. iv. p. 291 (1700) (ex Sina et Amboina!); 

/y~~. C A7 ; ^ Q'I7 *-. TAG H7ftS*\ • T.nih Tnd fh-» t TV 117 

Zool. i. p. 342 (1826), ii. p. 627 (1828); Voigt, Vuv. UeOers. p. 

(1831) ; Temm. Talk Mith. p. 59 (1839). 
Perroquet de la Chine, UAubent. PL Bnl 514. 
Grand Perroquet verd de la Nouvelle GuinSe, Bonner. Voy. c\ la 

Nouv. Gum. p. 174, pi. 108 (1770). 
Psittacus pectoralis, P. L. S. Midi. S. N. Suppl p. 78, n. 58 (1770); 

Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. 8c. Philad. 1864, p. 240. 
Psittacus aurantius, P. L. S. Midi op. ait. p. 80, n. 64; Cass. L c. 
Perroquet vert, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vL p. 116 (1779). 

390 
PSITTACIILE. 

New-Guinea green Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 296 (1781) ; id. Gen. 
Mist. ii. p. 233 (1822). 

Psittacus polychlorus, Scop. Bel. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. p. 87, n. 27 
(1786) (ex Sonnerat); Finsch, Neu-Guiiu p. 158 (partim) (1865); 
Rosenb. Heist, naar Geelvinkb. p. 83 (1875). 

Psittacus magnus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 344, n. 122 (1788) (ex Sonnerat) ; 
BecJist. Kurze Uebers. p. 100 (1811); Vieill. Fnc. MSth. p. 1366 
(1823); 8. Miill Verh. Land-en Volkenk. pp. 22, 167 (18891844). 


Psittacus viMis,Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 125, n. 123 (1790) (ex Gmelin). 
Le Perroquet a flancs rouges, ZevailL Perr. pi. 132 (1805). 
Psittacus lateralis, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 490 (1811). 
Green and red Chinese Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 233 (1822). 
Psittacus grandis, Less, (nee Gm.) Voy. Coq., Zool. i. p. 342 (1826) ; 


S. Midi. Verh. Land-en Volkenk. p. 22 (1839-1844). 
Psittacus puniceus, part., Less. Voy. Coq., Zool i. 2, p. 627 (1828). 
Mascarinus prasinus, Less. Ti\ d'Orn. p. 188 (1831). 
Eclectus linnasi, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 571, t. xxi. (1832); G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 418, n. 1 (1845); Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt n. 243 ; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 219 ; Wall. 
Ann. $ May. N. H. (2) xx. p. 473 (1857); G. R. Or. P. Z. S. 
1858, pp. 182,194,1859, p. 158; id. Cat. B. New Gum. pp. 40,59 
(1859) ; id. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 65 (1859); Wall. Ibis, 1861, 

p. 286 ; Cass. Pr. Ac. So. Philad. 1862, p. 319 ; Sclat. Ibis, 1863, 
p. 
229; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Bierk. i. Berigten, p. xvii (1863) ; 
Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 286; Bernst Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. 
p. 297 (1864); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 38 (1864) ; Mosenb. 
Reis naar Zuidoostereil. pp. 48, 80 (1867); Finsch, Papag. ii. 
p. 346 (1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 157, n. 8239 (1870) ; id. 
Ann. $ Mag. N. H. (4) v. p. 329 (1870); Meyer, Zoolog. Gart 
1874, p. 161; Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 11 (1874) ; 
Rosenb. Reist. naar Geelvinhb. pp. 36, 55, 113 (1875); id. Zoolog. 
Gart 1878, p. 345. 
Psittacodis magnus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 575 (1832); Bp. Cwisp. 

i. p. 4 (1850); id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 26; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1854, p. 155, n. 232; id. Naumamiia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 239; 
Souanct, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 218 ; Wall. Ann. § Mag. 
N. H. (2) xx. p. 473 (1852) ; Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, 
pp. 62, 64, 65, 68; id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 143, 144, 
145, 148, 223, n. 22 (1863). 
Psittacus linnaei, Hahn, Orn. Atlas, Papag. t. 77 (1836); Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865). 
Psittacus grandis, var., S. Miill. Verh. Land-en Volkenk. pp. 107, 
108 (1839-1844). 

Eclectus poljchlorus, G. R. Gr. Gen B. ii. p. 418, n. 4 (1843); id. 
Cat. B. New Gum. pp. 40, 59 (1859); id. Cat. B. Trop. 1st p. 34 
(1859); id. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 66 (1859); Case. Pr. Ac. 
Sc. Philad. 1862, p. 819 ; Sclat Ibis, 1863, p. 229 ; Rosenb. Nat 
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 226, n. 21 (1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1864, p. 114, n. 21; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 286 (partim); Schleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 41 (partim) (1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr. 
Bierk. iii. p. 382 (1865); Rosenb. Reis naar Zuidoostereil. pp. 48, 
80 (1867); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 333 (1868); Meyer, Verh. z.-b. 
Gesellsch. Wien, 1874, p. 179; id. Zool. Gart. 1874, p. 161; 

Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue,^. 14,15 (1874); Gieb. Thes. 
Om. ii. p. 76 (1875); Meyer, Mitth. zool. Mus. Bresd. i. p. 11 
(1875); id. Sitzb. Isis Bresd. 1875, p. 77; Salrad. Ami. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. vii. p. 756 (1875); Salvad. e B'Atb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

30 . ECLECTUS. 
391 
(875) ;
TJi'Jtx I ^aifc. -Rew*. *«MW Geelvinhb. pp. 36, 55,118 
(1875); /Sfctoad. ^ ww. jfcftw. Cw. Gen. ix. p. 11 (1876); Ramsay, 
-Pr Zmn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 394 (1876) ; Cab. w. JfcAmo. Journ. 
/ . Orn. 1876, p. 324; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x, p. 31, n. 49, 

P. 121 H877^ : Solat P Z fl Ift^ „ 1A«. 7Lr„™ »ra .o 1QW 
290; tftoyc, Jbwro. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. p. 491, n. 15 (1878); 

Meyer, Orn.pentralblatt 1878, pp. 119, 137; Gould, B. New 

(i878-79), iv. p. 69 {1879)]'Fimch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 12; &Alb. 

e Salvad. Ami. Mm. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 36 (1879); Salvad. A?in. 

p. 146 and following 
(1882); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 33 (1882); 
Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 143; Mmschenbr. Dagboeh, p. 256 (partini) 
(1883); Finsch, Yog. d. Sildsee, p. 17 (1884) ; Meyer, Zeitschr.f. 
ges. Orn. i. p. 373 (1884) ; Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 329, 1888, 
p. 189; Meyer, Yogel-Skelett. t. x., xliv. (1878-89). 
Eclectus 
puniceus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1849, p. 142 (syn. emend.); id. Rev. 
et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. loo, n. 235; Rosenb. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. 
Ind. XXY. pp. 143, 145, 226, n. 20 (1863); id. Joum.f. Orn. 1864, 

p. 114, n. 20. 
Eub puniceus, Licht. NomencL Av. p. 71 (1854). 
Polychlorus magnus, 8clat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 226, 1860, p. 227 (Arrou 
Isl.); Marie, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxvii. p. 327 (1870) (Nouvelle 
Caledonie !); Oust. Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1879, p. 218. ^ 
Polychlorus grandis, Sclat. (nee Gm.) Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. 

p. 165, n. 113 (1858). 
Eclectus polychlorus, var. aruensis, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 183 ; 
id. Cat. B. Netu Guin. pp. 40, 59 (1859); Bemst Nat Tijdschr. 
Ned. Lnd. xxvii. p. 297 (1864). 

Psittacodis polychloros, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 194. 
Mascarinus polychlorus, Horsf $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. JE. I Comp. 

ii. p. 625 (1858); Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. i. Berigten, p. xvi 
(1863). 
Eclectus ceylonensis, G. B. Gr. (nee Bodd.) Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 34 
(1859). 
Eclectus cardinalis, Wall, (nee Bodd.) Ibis, 1859, p. 210 ; Sclat. 

P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227 ; Rosenb. Joum.f. Orn. 1862, pp. 63, 64, 65; 
id. Malay. Archip. p. 37 (1878-79); Be Vis, Ann. Rep. Brit. New 
Guin. p. 58 (1890); id. Colonial Papers, no. 103, p. 108 (1890); 
id. Ibis, 1891, p. 29 (Normanby Island). 
Psittacodis magna, Rosenb. Joum.f. Orn. 1864,^p. 114, n. 22. 
Muscarinic (sic) polychlorus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 158, n. 8243 
(1870). 
Muscarinus (sic) intermedins, part., G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 158, 

n. 8245 (1870). ^T 
Electus (sic) intermedins, G. R. Gr. (nee Bp.) Ann. # Mag. N. H. 
(4) v. p. 329 (1870). 
Lorius sinensis, Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. # 
Eclectus pectoralis, Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 197 (1880); 
Rchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 252 (Consp. Psitt. p. 140) ; id. 
Voqelbild. Bericht. (1883); Sclat P Z. S 1883, p. 196; Meyer, 
Sitz. u. Abh. Gesellsch. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 16; Nehrk. Journ. /, 

392 PSISTACIDJ3. 

Orn. 1885, 
,,5 p. 81; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 620; Salvad. Mem. 

h. Tor. ser. 2, ad. p. 165 (1889); Tmtr. Cat. Coll. B.
JR. Ac. Sc. 

p. 76 (1889). 
P Eclectus grandis, Bernst. {nee Gm.) Bagboeh, p. 144 (1883). 
Eclectus interaiedius, part., Musschenbr. in Bernst. Bagboek, p. 256 
(1883). 

Adult male. Green ; sides, under wing-eoveits, and axillaries red; 
edge of the wing blue; primaries and their coverts dark blue, with 
the outer web edged with green; secondaries green on the outer 
web, dark blue at the tip and on the inner web; the innermost 
remiges near the scapulars green; tail tipped with yellowish, 
middle tail-feathers green, the others blue with the outer web more 
or less green; the external web of the outer tail-feather blue, with 
no green colour, or scarcely any ; tail and quills underneath black : 
" iris red; upper mandible vermilion, under mandible black; feet 
black" (D'Albertis). Total length 18*6 to 16-5 inches, wing 10-8 
to 9-8, tail 5-7 to 4*9, bill 1*8 to 1-6, tarsus 0*9 to 0-S7. 

Adult female. Head, neck, and upper breast bright red; a narrow 
ring of feathers round the eyes, a band across the upper back, lower 
breast, abdomen, edge of the wing, and under wing-coverts blue, 
sometimes with a purplish tinge; back, uropygium, upper tail-
coverts, wing-coverts, and secondaries blood-red; primaries and their 
coverts blue, edged with green on the outer web; tip and part of 
the inner web of the outermost secondaiies blue, the innermost 
secondaries greenish on the inner web; tail above blood-red with 
the tip lighter red, underneath dusky towards the base, and with 
golden reflexions in the middle : " iris pale yellow ; bill and feet 
black" (D'Albertis). Total length 15*7 to 14 inches, wing 10*4 to 
9*1, tail 4*9 to 4*3, bill 1*7 to 1*6, tarsus 0 9 to 0*87. 

Hab. The Papuan Islands—New Guinea and Waigiou. Guebeh, 
Batanta, Salawatty, Mysol, on the west; Ifafor, ilj&ori, ilio&nom, 
in Geelvink Bay; Koohr, Ke Islands, and Aru Inlands, on the 
south; Normanby Island, NewBritain, New Hanover, New Ireland, 
and Solomon Islands on the east. 

a. ? ad. sk. Zoological Society's 
b. $ ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d. S ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
/. <S ad. sk. 
g-l. 8 $ ad. et 
Dorey (A. R. Wallace). 
Dorey. 
Waigiou. 
Salawatty, July. 
Mysol. 
Aru Islands. 
Coll, 
Gould Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Wallace Cull 
imm. sk. 
m. <$ ad. sk. 
n, o. 3 J ad. sk. 
Wokan, Aru Inlands. 
Duke of York Island, Oct. 
Challenger Exped, 
Tweeddale Coll 
p. Juv. sk. 
q. cf ad. sk. 
r, s. Ad. et imm. 
sk. 
t Ad. sk. 
(JRev. G. Brown). 
New Britain, March. 
New Ireland. 
St. George's Bay, Ysabel IbL, 
Sept. 
Ysahel Island, Aug. 
Rev. G. Brown T\"l 
C. L. LawdfCr i " 
J. Brenehlev, Esq. 
rp 1 • u 
J Brenchlev, Eta. 
u. v. Ad. &k. ^Philippine Mauds.] 
[P.". 
Purchased. 

30 . ECLECTUS. 393 
2. Eclectus roratus. 
Purper roode Lori, Vosmaer, Mon. p. 10, t. 7 (1769). 
Lory de la Nouvelle Guine'e, D'Aubent. PI Hnl 683. 
Pbittacus roratus, P. L. 8. Midi. 8. N Suppl. p. 77 (1776) ; Cass. 


Pr. Ac. 8c. Philad. 1864, p. 240, n. 52. 
Le grand Lori, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 135 (1879). 
Grand Lory, Latli. 8yn. i. p. 275 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 230 

(1622). " 
Psittacus ceclanensis {sic), Bodd. Tabl PI. Bnl. p. 42 (1783). 
Psittacus grandis, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 335, n. 102 (1788); Lath. Ind. 

Orn. i. p. lit) (with var. (3) (1790) ; 8haw, Gen. Zool. viii, p. 133, 
pi 80 (1811); Bechst. Furze Uebers. p. 94 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt. p. 38 (syn. emend.) (1820); VieilL Enc. Meth. p. 1378 (1823); 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 734(1831) ; Hahn, Orn. AtL, Papag. p. 88, 

t. 68 (1837) ; Tem?n. Tabl. Meth. p. 59 (1839); 8. Midi. Verh. 
Land-en Volkenk. pp. 107, 108 (partim) (1839-44); Thienem. 
Fortpflanz. d. yes. Vog. p. 76 (1852); Dehne, Naumannia, 1854, 
p. 39; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (paitim) (1865). 
Le Perroquet giand Lory, Levaill. Perr. pi. 126 (fig. bona), 127 (var.), 
128 (yar.) (1805). 
Lorius grandis, 8teph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 131 (1826) ; Eartl. 8yst 
Vena. Ges. Mus. p. 87 (1844). 
Mascarinus puniceus, Less, (nee Gm.) Tr. d?Orn. p. 188 (1831). 
Eclectus grandis, Wagl. Mon. Pbitt. p. 572 (1832) ; 8elby, Nat. Libr.y 

Parrots, p. 112 (1836); Bp. P. Z. S. 1849, p. 143 ; id. Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 2^6 ; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp, Psiit. 

n. 244; 8ouance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 218; Horsf. fy 
Moore, Cat. B. Mus. F.I. Comp. ii. p. 624 (1858); G. P. Gr. 
P. Z. S. 1860, p. 357; Bernst. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. 
p. 295 (1864); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 286; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 38 (1864); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 340 (1868); Meyer, 
Zool. Gart. 1874, p. 161; 8chleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 13 
(1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 74 (1875) ; 8alvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. yii. p. 757, n. 6 (nee n. 3), et errata-corrige lin. 17, n. 2 
(1875); Bosenb. Beist, naar Geelmnkb. p. 6 (1875); Forbes, Ibis, 
1877, p. 282; Salvad. Ibis, 1877, p. 475 : Bosenb. Zool Gart. 1878, 
p. 345; Meyer, Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Zool. xxxvii. p. 156 and 
following (1882). 
Eclectus eeylonensis, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 418, n. 2 (1845). 
Polychlorus magnus, Mat. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 226, 227 (partim). 
Eclectus polychloros, yar., G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 358. 
Psittacodis ruagnis, Bosenb. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 62; id. Nat. 

Tijdschr. Ned. Bid. xxy. pp. 141, 142 (1868\ 
Eclectus polychlorus, Bernst. (nee 8eop.) Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 

xxvii. p. 294 (1864); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 286 (partim) ; 
8chleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 40 (partim) (1864); Finsch, Papag. 
ii. p. 333 (paitim) (1868); Merger, Zool. Gart. 1874, p. 161 (partim) 
j Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue, p. 14 (partim) (1874); 
Bosenb. Beist. naar Geehinhb. p. 6 (1875); id. Zool. Gart. 1878, 
p. 345 (partim); Musschenhr. in Bernst. Dagboeh, p. 256 (partim) 
(1883). 
Psittacus polychlorus, part., Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865). 
Eclectus roratus, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 157, n. 8240 (1870) 5 

8alvad. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 78; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 206 (1880); 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxvii. f. 6 ( ? ) (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 
1881, pp. 252,397 (Consp. Psitt. pp. 140,229) ; Salvad. Vog. ChalL, 
Birds, p. 59 (1881); Sclat. P. Z. S. 18b3,p.l96; Meyer, Zeitschr. 

394 PSITTACID^}. 

/. ges. Orn. i. p. 274, Taf. xvi. (pullus) (1884); Guillem. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 563; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 165 (1889) j 
M-eyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 26, pi. i. 
Muscarinic (sic) polychlorus, part., G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 158, 

n. 8243 (1870). 
Eclectus cardinalis, Salvad. (nee Bodd.) Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii, 
p. 757, n. 2 (nee n. 5) (1875). 
Veil iety. 

Perroquet violet, Fermin. Descr.ge'n. de Surinam, ii. p. 175 (1709). 
Violet Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 220 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 135 

(1822). 
Psittacus janthinus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 319, n. 61 (1788). 
Psittacus gueoiensis, var. /3, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 90 (1790;. 

Adult male. Scarcely different from the male of E. pectoralis; 
the green colour is less pure and has a slight tinge of yellow ; the 
lateral tail-feathers are generally, but not always, more extensively 
tinged with blue: iris red; upper mandible red with yellowish 
tip, under mandible black; feet black. Total length 16*9 to 16*3 
inches, wing 11-2 to 10-4, tail 6-3 to 5-9, bill 1-8 to 1-7, tarsus 0*98 
to 0-91. 

Adult female. Red, the head brighter ; collar round the nape, 
covering the upper back, lower breast, and abdomen purple; the 
upper breast red, tinged with purple; under tail-coverts and a band 
at the tip of the tail bright yellow ; primaries and their wing-
coverts deep bine; secondaries red on the outer web, blue at the 
tip and on the inner web: the innermost secondaries, near the 
scapulars, entirely red; tail underneath golden red, towards the 
base dusky : iris yellow; bill and feet black. Total length 15*7 
inches, wing 10, tail 5-5, bill 1*45, tarsus 0*92. 

Hah. The Moluccas, where it is confined to the Halmahera 
group—Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Mareh, Morty, Xaisa, Dammar, 
Batchian, and Obi Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Purchased. 
b, c, d. Ad. sk. Gilolo. Wallace Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Gilolo (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
f 9-<S $ ad. sk. Ternate.
h. Ad. sk. Kaisa Island. 
„ 
* 
• Challenger' Exped. 
Wallace Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Batchian. Wallace Coll. 
k. $ ad. sk.
I. Ad. sk. 
Batchian (A, JR. Wallace). 
Batchian. 
Gould Coil. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
m. Ad. sk.
n. Skeleton. 
[Philippines.] Baron Laugier Coll. 

3. Eclectus cardinalis. 
Lorius amboinensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 231 (1760); Gulliv. P. Z. S. 

1875, p. 489. 
? Blue-breasted Parrot, Brotvn, III. of Zool. pi. 6 (1776). 
Lory d'Amboine, DAubent. PL JEnl. 518 ( £ ). 
Lori cramoisi, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 133 (1779). 
Crimson Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 273, n. 49 (1781): id. Gm. Hist. ii. 

p. 229 (1822). 
30. ECLECTUS. 
305 
Psittacus cardinalis, Bodd. Tail. Pi. JSnl. p. 30 (1783): Finsch, Neu~ 
Gum. p. 157 (1805). 

Psittacus puniceuH, Gm. S. N. i. p. 335, n. 100 (1788); Lath, Ind. 
Orn. i. p 115 (1790),- Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 92 (1811); Weill. 
JEnc. Meth. p. 1378 (1823); Less. Toy. Coq., Zool i. p. 342 (partim) 

Domicella punicea, Wagl. Mm. Psitt. p. 569 (1832). 
Lorius cardinalis, G. It Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 4J6, n. 3 (1845); id. 
Cat. Birds New Gum. p. 39 (1859). 

Psittacodis intermedins, Bp. Consp. I p. 4 (tf) (1850); id. Compt. 
Rend. xxx. p. 130 (1850); id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 20; id. Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool. 1854; p. 155, n. 253; id, Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt. n. 240. 

Eclectus puniecus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1855, p. 155, n. 285; 
id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 242; Souance, Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1850, p. 219; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 19. 
Polychlorus intermedins, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 22G. 
Eclectus cardinalis, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 65 (1859): 
id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 357 ; Walt. P. Z. & 1864, p. 286; Schlep. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 39 (1864); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 344 
(1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 157, n. 8242 (1870); Meyer, 
Zool. Gart. 1874, p. 101; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 

p. 13 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 74 (1875); Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 757, n. 5 (nee n. 2), ft errata-eorrige (1875), 
viii. p. 369(1876), x. p. 31, n. 51 (1877); Forbes, Ibis, 1877, 
p. 283; Salvad. Ibis, 1877, p. 475; Lenz, Journ. f. Orn. 1877, 
p. 360 ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 210 (1880) ; Rchmo. 
Journ. f. O^m. 1881, p. 253 (Consp. Putt. p. 141) ; Bias. u. 
Nehrk. Verli. z.-b. Gesellsch. Wien, 1882, p. 415; Bias. P. Z. S. 
1882, p. 701; Meyer, Zeitschr. f. loissenseh, Zool. xxx\ii. p. 156 
and following; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 196; Rchmo. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 67 (1883); Salvad. Mem. R.Ac. Sc. Tor. ser.2, xl. p. 166 
(1889); Meyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 28. 
Eclectus intermedins, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 66 (1859)$ 
id. P. Z. S. I860, p. 358; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 287; Schleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 61 (1864); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 337 
(partim) (1868) ; Meyer, Zool. Gart. 1874, p. 161; Lens, Journ. f. 
Orn. 1877, p. 360; Musschenbr. in Bermt. Dagboek, p. 256 (partim) 
(1883). 

Eclectus 
grandis, Sclat. (nee Gm.) P. Z. S. 1860, p. 22o; Rosenb. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 61; id. Nat. Tijschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 
140, 141 (partim) (1863); Sahad.Ann. 'Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 737, 

n.3 (1875). 
Psittacodis magnus, Rose?ib. (nee Gm.) Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 61; 
id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Lid. xxv. pp. 140, 141 (partim) (1863). 
Eclectus amboiiiensis, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, 

p. xvii (1863). 
Mascarinus intei medius, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, 
p. xvii (1863). 
Eclectus magnus, Wall, (nee Gm.) P. Z. S. 1803, p. 19. 
Psittacus intermedins, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865). 
? Eclectus linnsei, Rosenb. (nee Wagl) Reis naar Zuidoostereil. 
p. 100 (Goram) (1807). 
? Eclectus polychlorus, Rosenb. {nee Wagl.) Reis naar Zuidoostereil 
p. 100 (G-oram) (1867); Meyer, Zool Gart 1874, p. 161 Schleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 14 (partim) (1874). 
Muscarinic 
intermedins, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 158, n. 8245 
(partim) (1870). 

396 
PSITIACIDJS. 

Adult male. Very much like the males of E. pectoralis and 

E. r oraim, but smaller, of a purer and darker green, with very little 
blue on the tail, where this colour is confined towards the tip of the 
lateral tail-feathers and to the external web of the outer one ; the 
yellowish band at the tip of the tail is narrower : upper mandible 
red with the tip yellowish, under mandible black; feet blackish. 
Total length 15*7 to 15*1 inches, wing 9*1 to 8-1, tail 5-15 to 4*75, 
bill 1-63, tarsus 0*85. 
Female. Very much like the female of E. roratus, having the 
nape-collar, the breast, and the abdomen purple; but it differs in 
being smaller, of a duller red on the back and wings, and in having 
the under tail-coverts not yellow, but red, only the longer ones 
being more or less yellow; the tail wants the well-defined yellow 
band at the tip, which is of a bright red tinged with yellow; the 
blue primar}T-coverts have a very narrow green outer edge : iris 
yellowish ; bill and feet black. Total length 15 to 14 inches, 
wing 9-7 to 9-25, tail 4*9 to 4-44, bill 1-5 to 1-4, tarsus 0*84. 

Hob. The Moluccas, where it is confined to the Amboyna group 
—Amboyna, Ceram, Bouru. 

a. Ad. sk. Bouru. Wallace Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. d. $ ad. sk. 
Bouru (A. P. Wallace). 
Ceram. 
Gould Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
e. 2 ad. sk. Ceram (A. P. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
E. Ceram (A. R. Wallace). 
N. Ceram. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
h> i> 6 2 ad. sk.
k. Skeleton. 
Amboyna, May, June. 
Amboyna. " 
II. 0. Forbes [C.]. 
Purchased. 

4. Eclectus riedeli. 
Eclectus 
riedeli, Meyer, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 917,* id. Verh. zool.-bot. 
Gesettsch. PF^?,1881, p. 772; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. 

p. 419, n. 8 (1882); id. Orn. Pap e Mol. iii. p. 517 (1882),-Meyer, 
Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Zool. xxxvii. p. 156 and following (1882); 
Pchnw. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 69 (1883); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, pp. 51, 
53, 58, 194, 196, 200, pi. xxvi.; Musschenbr. in JBemst. JDagboek, 
pp. 256,258 (1883); Sharpe, Gould's Birds New Gum. pt. xvi. pi. 1* 
(1884) j Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. Gesettsch. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 16; 
Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 431, n. 11 ; Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. i. 
pp. 194, 196 (1884); Forbes, Natural. Wander, p. 357 (1885); 
JSuttik. Not Leyd. Mus. viii. p. 61 (1886); Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. d. 
naturh. Hofmus. 1888, p. 39 ; Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, 
xl. p. 165 (1889); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 76 (1889). 
Adult male. Very much like the males of the allied species, 
especially of E. cardinalis, having a pure grass-green colour, with 
the head and neck brighter, but has the tail with a broad bright 
yellow band at the tip; under tail-coverts slightly yellowish : " iris 
pale orange; upper mandible scarlet, fading into orange towards the 

* Of the two birdsfigured the one supposed to be an adult female is a young 
one. 
30. EOMCTtrs. 
397 
tip, lower mandible black; legs and feet bluish black " (Forbes). 
Total length 13-8 inches, wing 9*8, tail 4'9, bill 1%5 to 1-35, tarsus 
0-8. 

Adult female. Red; back, uropygium, upper iail-covorts, and wings 
darker and duller red ; under tail-coverts pure yellow; primaries, 
their wing-coverts, and edge of tho wing deep blue ; the secondaries 
are red on the outer web, blue at the tip and on the inner web ; 
the innermost secondaries are entirely red; tail red above, golden 
yellow-red underneath, and with a broad well-denned yellow band 
at the tip: "iris pale yellow; bill black; feet and legs greyish 
black » (E. 0. Forbes). Total length 13 inches, wing 8*7, tail 4*9, 
bill 1-35, tarsus 0*8. 

Young male. Resembles the female, but hat* the back and wings 
olive-green, with a red tinge towards the edges of the feathers : 
"iris grey ; upper mandible orange, with the oulmon greyish black, 
tip corneous; lower mandible black ; legs and feet dirty grey J1 (//. 

0. 
Forbes)*. 
Hob. Tenimber Islands. 
a. $ ad. sk. Larat Is., Timor Laut, Aug. Tweeddale Coll. 
(H. O. Forbes). 
b. $ irom. sk. Larat Is,, Timor Laut, Aug. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[C.]. 
c. d. (S ad. et Loetoe, Timor Laut, Aug. II. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
2 imm. sk. [C.]. 
5. Eclectus westermanni. 
? Eastern Parrot, Lath. Byn. Suppl. i. p. 64 (1787); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 251 (1822). 
FPsittacus orientalia, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 125 (1790); Bechst. 
Kurze Uebers. p. 101 (1811); Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 375 (1817) ; 
KuU, Oonsp. Psitt p. 99 (1820); VieilL Bnc. Miih. p. 1406 (1823); 

Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 745 (1832). 
? Eos orientals, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. A pp. p. 20 (1849). 
Psittacodis westermani, Bp. Oonsp. A v. i. p. 4 (1850) (type examined); 

id. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 26 (note); id. Compt. Rend, xxx. p. 136 (1850); 
id. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 155, n. 234; id. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 241; Souanci, Bed. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 
p, 218; Bosenb. Journ.f. Orn. 1862, p. 66; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned, 
Ind. xxv. p. 146 (1863). 

Polychlorus westermanni, Sclat P. Z. S. 1857, p. 226, pi. 127. 

Eclectus westermanni, 
G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 66 (1859); 
id. P. Z. JS. 1860, p. 358; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 287; JSchteg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 42 (1864); Finsch, Papag, ii, p. 339 
(1868); Meyer, Zool Gart. 1874, p. 161 ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Berne, p. 16 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 77 (1875) ; 
Sahad. Arm. Mi®. Civ. Gen. x. p. 31, n. 52 (1877); Forbes, Ibis, 
1877, p. 283; Sahad. Ibis, 1877, p. 475; Bosenb. Zool. Gart. 
1878, p. 345 ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol I p, 213 (1880); Meyer, 

* The specimen which I have described as a young male is. I have no doubt, 
wrongly labelled J ; the orange colour of the upper mandible makes me believe 
that it is a male 
398 PSITT ACID JE. 

Zeitsohr. f. loissemch. Zool. xxxvii. p. 156 (1882); Musschetibr. 

in Bernst. Dagboek, p. 256 (1883) ; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. 

ser. 2, xl. p. 166 (1889). 

Psittacus westermani, Finsch, Neit-Guin. p. 157 ^1865). 

Muscarinic westermani, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 158, n. 8244 

(1870). 

Eclectus polychlorus, part., Meyer, Zool. Gart. 1874, p. 161. 

Eclectus cornelise, part., Rchnio. Journ, f. Orn. 1881, p. 253 (Consp. 

Psitt. p. 141) j id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 68 (1883). 

Adult male. Green ; edge of the wing blue ; under wing-coverts 
green; primaries deep blue, edged with green towards the base of 
the outer web ; secondaries green, the outer ones blue at the tip and 
on the inner web; primary wing-coverts blue edged with green ; 
under wing-coverts red; tail green, with a yellowish band at the 
tip ; the outer tail-feathers tinged more or less with blue on the 
outer web : iris yellow ; upper mandible red, lower one black ; feet 
black. Total length about 15 inches, wing 9*5 to 9, tail 5*15, 
bill 1-5, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Unknown. 

Jffab, Unknown, but probably the Moluccas or the Papuan 

Islands. 

This bird is only known from specimens kept in confinement. 
Dr. Meyer has expressed the opinion that E. westermanni is founded 
on specimens which had lived in confinement, and whose plumage 
was consequently arrested in development. Mr. Sharpe, agreeing 
with Dr. Meyer's opinion, thinks that, after all, the specimens 
called $. westermanni may belong to E. riedelii. I cannot offer a 
decided opinion, but I should say they are different, as in E. westermanni 
the primaries and their wing-coverts show distinct outer 
green edges, which are wanting in the males of E. riedeliL 

a. Ad. sk. Moluccas [?]. Zoological Society. 
b. Ad. sk. Zoological Society. 
c. Sternum. 
The second specimen, although green, shows a curious mottling, 
many feathers being brown-red with green edges. 

6. Eclectus Cornelia. 
Eclectus cornelia, Bp. P. Z. S. 1849, p. 143, pi. xi. (type examined); 
id. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 135 (1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 
1854, p. 155, n. 237; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 245; 

G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 66 (1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860; 
p. 242 j G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 357 j Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. 
Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 146 (1863); Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh. i. 
Berigten, p. xvii (1863); Wall P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 286, 294 ; 
Sehleg. Dierent. p. 69, cum figura (1864); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 157, n. 8241 (1870); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 31, 
n. 53 (1877) j id. Orn. Pap. e Mol I p. 215 (1880): id. Mem. R. 
Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 166 (1889). 
Eclectus carolinse (errore), Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 66. 
Psittacus cornelia, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865). 


31 . GEOFFKOYTTS. 
399 

Eclectus corneliae, Finsch, Papap. ii. p. 348 (1868); id. P. Z. S. 1869, 

p. 128 ; Meyer, Zool Gart. 1874, p. 161; Qieb. The*. Orn. ii. 
p. 74 (1875); Forbes, Ibis, 1877, p. 283; Salvad. Ibis, 1877, p. 475 ; 
Rosenb. Zool Gart. 1878, p. 345; Rehnw. Jotim. f. Orn. p. 253 
{Consp. Psitt. p. 141) (partim) ; id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 68 (1883); 
Meyer, Zeitschr.f. ivissenseh. Zool. xxxvii. pp. 156 and following 
(1882). 
Eclectus polycMorus (part.), Meyer, Zool Gart. 1874, p. 161. 
Eclectus westermanni (part), Musschenbr. in BenisL Dagboek, p. W6 
(1883). 

Adult female. Red; head, neck, and lower parts, including the 
under tail-coverts, brighter; back, uropygium, and upper tail-
coverts darker ; edge of the wing, primaries, and their coverts deep 
blue; secondaries red, with the inner web dark green; outermost 
secondaries blue, with the base of the outer web green; under 
wing-coverts red, more or less mixed with blue; tail red with the 
tip a little lighter, underneath golden red: " iris yellowish, with an 
outer ring red; bill black; feet dusky" (Finsch). Total length 
15-7 inches, wing 10-4, tail 5-9, bill 1*4, tarsus 0-8. 

Hob. Unknown, but most likely one of the Moluccas or Papuan 
Islands. 
This bird is also only known from specimens kept in confinement, 
and it has been supposed that it might be the female of 

E. westermanni, of which only male specimens are known ; but the 
much larger size of E. comelia renders this very improbable. Br. 
Meyer thought that the specimens called E. comelia might be 
females of one of the known species, which had lost their proper 
colouring through having been kept in confinement. I cannot 
express myself positively on the subject, but I am inclined to 
believe that E. comelia is a distinct species, having some likeness to 
several allied forms. It is interesting to point out that while the 
bright blue edge of thawing would indicate some resemblance of 
E. cornelia to E. pectoralls, the dark red colour of the back, wings, 
and tail would show near relation to E. cardinalis, and finally that 
the want of the blue or purple band on the upper back and the want 
of the same colour on the breast or abdomen show near relation, 
to E. riedelii. 
a. Ad. at. Moluccas P Zoological Society. 
31. GEOITROYTJS. ™ 
Type. 
Geoffroyus, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 6 (1850) G. personatus, 
Psittacus, (subgen.) Geofrroy, Gray, List Psitt. Brit 

Mus. p. 71 (1859). 
Rhodocephalus, JRchnw. Journ. f. Orn, 1881, p. 247 
(=Geofiroyus, Bp.) G. personatus. 
Range. The Moluccas, the Papuan Islands, and the Timor 
Group. 

400 PSITTACIB^. 

Key to the Species *. 

a% Head of the males red, tinged on the hind part 
with lilac-blue. 
a'. Nape green like the back. 
a". Uropygium green, with no dark red 
patch. 
a". Green colour paler, somewhat yellowish. 
aK Under wing-coverts pale blue. 
a5. Largest: wing 7*7 to 7*9 inches; 
head of the female brown-olive.. Jmjensis, p. 401. 


b'°. Median: wing 6*7 to 7*3 inches ; 
head of the female distinctly 
greenish timorlaoeam, p. 402. 

c"\ Smaller: wing 5*6 to 5*8 inches ; 
head of the female a little darker 
than that of the above species .. personatus, p. 402. 

bl. Under wing-coverts brighter blue; 
wing 6'2 to 6*8 inches; head of the 
female brown, with no greenish 
tinge on the pileum aruensis, p. 404. 

b'". Green colour purer and darker, with 
no yellowish tinge. 
c4. Larger: wing 7 to 7*3 inches; head 
of the female dark brown rhodops, p. 40-1 
<#4. Smaller: wing 6 inches; (colour of 
the female's head unknown) floresmnus, p. 40U. 
e4. Median: wing 6*6 to 6*4 inches ... . sumbacensis, p. 407. 
b". Uropygium dark brown-red, 
c'". Interscapular feathers not distinctly 
edged with brown-red. 
/*. Pale brown spot on the smaller 
wing-coverts wanting or very slight. 

* I am not acquainted with the following species recently described :— 
GrEOFFROYUS SUDESTIEXSIS. 

G-eoffroyus sudestiensis, Be Vis, Ann. Beport on Brit. New Guin. p. 58 
(1890); id. Colonial Papers, So. 103, p. 105 (1890); id. Ibis, 1891, p. 28. 

Male. Above bright green, beneath paler; front, cheeks, chin, throat, and 
ear-coverts cinnabar-red, the last tipped with blue. Head and fore neck pale 
lilac-tinted blue, on the vertex strongly tinged in certain lights with yellow. 
Quills fuscous, first primary narrowly edged with dark blue; rest of quills with 
their outer webs entirely, and inner webs to an increasing extent, green. 
No shoulder-spot. Axillaries and under wing-coverts bright blue, under surface 
of wing fuscous; upper tail-coverts and middle tail-feathers above yellowish 
green, inner webs and under surface of tail greenish yellow. Rump green. 
Maxilla red, with the tip pale, mandible bluish fuscous. Feet fuscous. Total 
length240 millim., wing 175, tail 100, bill 24, tarsus 15." (Be Vis.) 

Rah. Sudest Island, Louisiade Isl. 

Obs. "A species distinguished from the two red-throated species (?) by a 
strong wash of yellow on the head, visible only in certain lights, and by the 
absence of the cubital spot." (Be Vis.) 

31 . GEOFFKOnrs. 
d5, Under wing-coverts bright blue; 
red-brown uropygium duller and 
darker pucherani, p. 407. 

e\ "Under wing-coverts pale blue; red-
brown uropygium brighter jobiensis, p. 409. 

ffK Brown spot on the smaller wing-
coverts always present; under wing-
coverts very deep blue mysorensis, p. 409. 

d"\ Interscapular feathers with broad red-
brown edges dorsalis, p. 410. 

V. jSTape bright greenish blue. 
c". Uropygium with no red-brown patch, or 
with the edges of the feathers very pale 
brown ..., ci/anicollis, p. 410. 

d". 
Uropygium brown-red o'biensis, p. 411. 

. Head of both males and females with no red; 
males with a bluish-grey collar; innermost 
secondaries near the scapulars yellowish 
white on the inner web. 


c'. Head of the males yellow, of the females 
above greenish with a grey-bluish tinge .. heteroclitus, p. 412. 

d'. 
Head of both male and female green; no 
bluish-grey collar round the neck of the 
female simplex, p. 413. 


1. G-eoffroyus keyensis. 
Psittacus capistratus, G. R. Gr. (nee Bechst.) P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 183, 
195 (?); id. Cat B. New Gum. pp. 42, 60 (1859); id. List Psitt 
Brit Mus.fr 72 (1859); id. P. Z. JS. 1861, p. 437. 

Geoffroyus personatus (part.), Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 283. 
Psittacus rhodops (part.), Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 156 (1865). 
Geoffroyus capi&tratus, Rosenb. (nee Bechst) Rets naar Zuidoostereil. 


p. 8 (1867). 
Eclectus personatus (part.), 8chleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh. iii. p. 332 
(A, grande forme, partim), p. 333 (1866), iv. p. 4 (partim) (1871) ; 
id. Mus. P.-P. Psittaci, Revue, p. 18 (partim) (1874). 

Pionias rhodops (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. pp. 380, 955 (1868). 

Geoffroyus keyensis, Schleg. MS. (Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 956) (1868); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 29, n. 37 (1877); id. P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 86; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 638 (1879) ; id. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. i. p. 173 (1880); id. Voy. ChalL, Birds, p. 67 (1881); 
Bilttik. Not. Leyd. Mus. viii. p. 61 (partim) (1886); Salvad. Mem. 

R. Ac. 8c. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 162 (1889). 
Geoffroy capistratus, G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8273 (1870). 
Eclectus rhodops (part.), Gieb. Tlies. Orn. ii. p. 76 (1875). 
Ilhodocephalus keyensis, Rchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 250 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 138); id. VogelbilB, Nachtr. 65 (1883). 

Adult male. Green, underneath paler; forehead and cheeks red; 
vertex, hind part of the head, and cheeks lilac-blue; chin yellowish; 
a spot on the wing-coverts brown; quills with the outer webs green, 
part of the inner web and below blackish; first primary black, 
with the outer web edged with bluish green; under wing-coverts 

VOL. xx. 
2 D 

PSlTTACIDuE. 

402 

and axillaries pale blue; upper tail-coverts and tail yellowish 
green: " iris light red; upper mandible scarlet; under mandible, 
legs, and feet black " (II 0. Forbes). Total length 11-8 to 12-8 
inches, wing 7'7 to 7*9, tail 3-9 to 4-2, bill 1*05, tarsus 07 . 

Female. Head pale brown ; bill dusky. 
Young. Has the head green. 
Ilab. K6 Islands. 


a. $ ad. sk. Ke Islands, July 10 Tweeddale Ooll. 
(H. O.Forbes). 
b. $ 
ad. sk. Ke* Islands. A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
(Type of Psittacus ccqnstratus, G. R. Gr.) 
c,d, e. <$ imm., Ke Doulan. * Challenger' Exped. 
$ ad., et imm. sk. 

2. Geoffroyus timorlaoensis. 
Geoffroyns keiensis, Sclat. (nee Schleg.) P. Z. S. 1883, pp. 51, 194, 
200 (Timor-laut); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, pp. 426, 431, n. 10; id. 
Nat Wander, p. 356 (1885). 

Geoffroyus timorlaoensis, Meyer, Sitzb. u.Abh. Gesellsch. Isis, i. p. 15 
(1884); JSalvad. Ibis, 1884, p. 355; id. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 578; 
Sharpe, Gould's B. New Guin. pt. xxiii. pi. 2 (1887); Peh. u. Lor. 
Ann. d. naturh. Hofmus. 1888, p. 40; Salvad. Mem. JR. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 163 (1889). 

Geoffroyus keyensis, Buttik. {nee Schleg.) Not. Leyd. Mas. viii. p. 60 
(1886). 

Ycry much like G. Iceyensis, but smaller and with the head of 
the female much more tinged with greenish: "iris pale yellow; 
upper mandible scarlet, with the tip orange, lower black; legs and 
feet lavender or stone-greyJ? (If. O.Forbes). Total length 9*4 to 
10-2 inches, wing 6-7 to 7*3, tail 3-55 to 3-8, bill 0*98 to 1*02, 
tarsus 0*68. 

Uab. Tcnimber Islands. 

a,b. J $ ^d. sk. Loetoe, Timor-laut, Aug. 9 H.O. Foibes[C.]. 
& Sept. 22 (H. O. Forbes). 
c, d. J J a<l-sk. Loetoe, Timor-laut, Sept. 19 Tweeddale Coll. 
& 2'2 (II O. Forbes). 

3. (Jeoffroyus persoaatus. 
Le Perroquet Geohroy, Levaill Perr. ii. p. 104, pi. 112 (<J), 113 
(§ or rather young bird) (1805) (Nouvelle Hollande!). 
Pwttacus personatus, Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 544 (1811) (ex Levaillant); 
Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. ix. p. 214 (1837). 

Pbittacus geoffroyi, 
Bechst. Lath. TJeb. p. 103, pi. 21 (1811); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt p. 85 (1822); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 107 (1820) ; 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 744 (1831); S. Mull. 8f Schleg. Verh. Land-
en Volkenk. pp. 107 (partim), 209 (Timor) (1839-44); JSrehm, Mon. 

d. Papttg. t. 65 (from Levattl. pi. 113) (1854). 
Psittacus geoffroyanus, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 311 (1817) (ex Le
31 . GEOIJTKOnJS. 
40a 
vaillant); id.JSnc. Moth. iii. p. 1305 (1823): Less, Tr. d'Qnu 

p. 199 (partim) (1831). 
Red-faced Parrot, Lath. Gm. Hist. ii. p. 183 (1822). 
Psittacula batavensis, Wagl. (nee Psittacus batavensis, Lath) Man. 
Ptitt. p. 024 (1832) (Java! N. Ilollandia aiwtrali!); F HatiL 8mt. 

Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); G. 11 Gr. Gen. Ii. ii. p, 423, nl i3 

(1846). * ' 

Poicephalus geoffroyi, 8io. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 

Geoffroyus personatus, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 0 (I8o0); id. lieu, et 
Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 155, n. 227 ; ? Souancf, Iter, et Mag. de 
ZooL 1856, p. 217; Bp. KawMnni«j\8oi>, Consp. Psitt. ii. 234; 
Mosenb. Jour. f. Orn. 1802, p. 06 (Timor); id. Nat. Tydsclir. 
Ned. Lid. xxv. p. 140 (Timor) (1803); Wall, P. Z. S. 180 i, pp. 283, 
293 (partim); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 479 (1890) 
(Timor, Pulo Semau). 

Psittacus jukesii, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 72 (Timor) 
(1859). 
Geoffroyus juke&ii, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 226 (Timor); Wall. P. 

Z. 8. 1863, p. 484 (Timor). 
Eclectus personatus (part.), Schleg. Mus. P.-B.Psittaci, p. 42 (Timor) 
(1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 332 (partim) (I860); id. 
Mus. P-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 18 (partim) (1874) (Timor, Wetter); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 70 (partim) (1875). 

Psittacus suckesii (errore), 8chleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dier7c. iii. p. 333 
(partim) (1866). 

Pionias personatus (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 375 (1868). 

Geo&oy personatus (part.), G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 100, n. 8270 

(Timor) (1870). 
"Very much, like G. aruensis, but smaller and with, the under 
-wing-coverts of a lighter blue ; it seems also as if the cap was reduced, 
as it does not come so low down on the nape. The male has 
very much the same colouring as the male of G. aruensis ; but the 
female is more easy to distinguish, having the head of a paler brown, 
and more greenish on the forehead and on the cheeks. "Iris yellowish 
red ; the upper mandible in the male red, with the point yellowish; 
lower mandible dusky; feet lead-grey" (Loria); the femalo has the 
" bill and feet dusky olive; the iris pale yellow " ( Wallace). Total 
length about 9*5 inches, wing 5'6 to 5*8, tail 2*7 to 3, bill 0*8 to 
0*9, tarsus 0*55. 
Hah. Timor, Semao Island, and also Wetter Island (ScMegel). 
This is the smallest species of the genus, and most likely the 
bird figured by Levaillant. 
« J ad sk. Baron Laugier Coll. 
&.' cJ ad", st* Timor Copang. m J. B. Jukes LP.]. 
(Type of Psittacus julcesu, G. 11. Gr.) 

c, d} e. § ad. & E. Timor. A. II. Wallace [O,]. 
//p'al^k . Semao Is. (A. P. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
g. Young &k.
h. $ young sk. 
Semao Is. (A. P. Wallace). 
[Moluccas.] 
Gould Coll. 
lurcliafeod. 

2D2 

404 
PSITTACID2E. 

4. (xeoffroyus aruensis. 
Psittacus aruensis, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 183, 196; id. Cat B. 
Neio Gain, pp. 42, 60 (1859); id. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 72 
(1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437. 

Geiffroyus atuensis, Select P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; Rosenb. Jour. /. 
Orn. 1862, p. 63; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XXY. pp. 145, 226, 

n. 28 (1863); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1864, p. 115; id. Reis naar Zuidoostereil. 
p. 48 (1867); Salvad. e IPAlb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. 
p. 810 (1875); 8alwd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 12 (1876), x. 
p. 29, n. 38 (1877) ; Sharpe, Jour. linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. p. 309 
(1878), p. 491, sp. 11 (1878) ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. 
iii. p. 252 (1878-79), iv. p. 96 (1879); !)'Alb. e Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 36 (1879); Sharpe, Jour. linn. Soc, Zool 
xiv. p. 685 (1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 175 (1880); 
Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 426 (1882) ; Meyer, Zeitschr. 
f. 
ges. Orn. 1884, p. 273; Biittik. Not. Leijd. Mus. viii. p. 61 
(1886); Salvad. Mem. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xl. p. 163 (1889); Trtstr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 
Geoffroyus personatus, part., Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 283. 

Eclectus personatus aruensis, Schleg. Mus. P-B. Psittaci, p. 43 

(1864). 

Psittacus rhodops, part., Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 156 (1856). 

Eclectus personatus, part., Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh. iii. p. 332 

(1866), iv. p. 4 (partim) (1871); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 

p. 18 (partim) (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 76 (partim) (1875). 
Pionias personatus, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 375 (1868). 
Geoffroy aruensis, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8272 (1870). ^ 
Geoffroyus pucherani, Sharpe {nee Bp.), Jour. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. 
p. 80 (1876). 
Rhodocephalus aruensis, Rchmo. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 249 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 137); id. Vogelbild. Nacktr. 65 (1883). 

Adult male. Green, underneath paler; forehead and cheeks red ; 
vortex and hind part of the head bright lilac-blue; a brown spot on 
the wing-coverts : "iris pale yellow; upper mandible orange-red, 
under mandible black; feet greenish lead" (D'ATbertis). Total 
length 9*8 to S'b inches, wing 3'2 to 6*68, tail 2-6 to 2*9, bill 0-88 
to 0*96, tarsus 0-65. 

Female. Head brown, with a slight tinge of greenish on the lower 
part of the cheeks: "bill black" (D'Albertis) or "dusky olive" 
( Wallace). 

Young. Has the upper part of the head green like the back, and 
no brown spot on the smaller wing-coverts. 

Hob. Aru Islands and Southern JNTew Guinea. 

This species is much smaller than either G. Iceyensis or G. 
timorlaoensis, and besides it has the under wing-coverts of a much 
brighter blue; the upper tail-coverts purer green, with no yellowish 
tinge. The adult female is easily distinguished by the head being 
of a darker brown, with no greenish tinge on the upper part* the 
brown spot on the wing-coverts is present also in the female. 

a, b. <$ S ad-sk- Aru Islands. "Wallace Coll. (Types 
of species.) 

c. <5 ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll. 
31. GEGFIItOYUS.
d,e. c?ad.et Am Islands (A. 1L Wallace). Gould Coll. 

imm. sk. 

/ . Imm. sk. Port Moresby. Iiev. S. Macfarlane 

g, ^ Ad. et imm. S.E. New Guinea (A. Gollie), Tweeddale Coll. 

i~m. 6 2 ad. et East Cape. 0. riunstoin [QX 
imm. sk. L 


o. G-eoffiroyus rliodops. 
Psittacus fuscicapillus, VieilL N. IX xxv. p. 316 (? , Java!) (1817) 
(type examined)*; id. JEnc. MSth. p. 13(58 (1823) ; 6*. Ii\ 6V. fiW/. 
i?. li. p. 421, n. 22 (184(5); id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 72 (1859); 
id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 358 (Bourn). 

? Psittacus spadiceocephalus, Kuhl*, Ctmsp. Psitt. p.84 (0) (1820); 
Sfc^A. <?<•». 2bo/. xiv. 2, p. 107 (1826). 
? Psittacus fieldii, Sw. * Quart Jonrn. tic. xix. p. 198 (1825); Wagl. 
Mon. Psitt. p. 577 (1832). 

Psittacus personalis, Least {nee Shaw) Toy. Coq., Zool. i. pt. 1, p. 37a 
(Bouru) (1826), pt. 2, p. 630 (1828); G. It. Gr. List Psitt. Brit 
Mus. p. 42 (syn. emend.) (1859). 

Pionus fuscicapillus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p, 611 (1832). 
Psittacus geoftroy (part.), 8. Miill. Verh. Land-en Vollcenk. p. 107 
(1839-44). 
Geotfroyus fuscicapillus. Pp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 155, 

n. 230; id. Naumannia, 1856, Co?isp. Psitt n, 235. 
Geoftroyus personatua (part.), Souance, Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 
p. 217; ticket P. Z. ti. 1860, p. 226 (Amboyna); Posenb. Journ.f. 
Om. 1862, pp. 61, 62 (Amboyna, Ceram); Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, 
p. 19 (Bouru, Amboyna, Ceram, Goram); id. P. Z. S.1864, p. 283 
(part). 
Psittacus rliodops, G. P. Gr. P. Z. ti. 1861, p. 436 (descr. nulla); 
Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 156 (part.) (1865). 
Eclectus georlroyi, tichleg. (nee Bechst) Dierent p. 69 (1864) 
(Amboyna, Bouru). 
Eclectus rliodops, Schleg. Mm. P,~B. Psittaci, p. 43 (1864) (Ceram, 
Amboyna, Bouru). 
Eclectus personatus (part,), ScMeg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierfc, iii. p. 832 
(A, grand forme, partim) (1866), iv. p. 4 (part.) (1871); id. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, liemie, p. 18 (ft part. p. 19) (1874); Posenb. Zoolog. 
Gart 1878, p. 345 (part). 

Pionias rhodops (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 380 (1868); Lenz, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1877, p. 361. 
Geoffroy rhodops, G. Ii. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8271 (1870) 

(Ceram, Amboyna). 
Geoffroy fuscicapillus, G. P. Gr. op. cit. no. 8276 (1870). 
Geoftroyus rliodops, tialvad. A?in. Mus. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 369 (1876) 

(Bouru); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 80; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 179 
(1880); id. Voy. ChalL, Birds, p. 61 (1881); Bias. u. Nehrlc. Verh. 
z.-b, Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 414; Bihttik. Not Leijd. Mus. viii. p. 61 
(1886); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xl. p. 163 (1889); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 79 (1889). 

Geoffroyus schlegeli, tialvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. x. p. 29, n. 40 

* Vieillot's description is wrong, and those of Kulil and Swainson possibly 
belong to the female of G. rhodops. 
406 
PSITTACID.2B. 

(1877) (Bouru, Boano, Ceram, Aniboyna, Harouko, Goram, 
Monawolka). 
Ithodocephalus geofrroyi (part.)? Rcfonu. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 249 
[Consp. Psitt. p. 137); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 65 (1883). 
Psittacula geoffroy, Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. d. naturh. JBCofmus. iii. p. 40 
(1888). 

Similar to the other species already described, but it is distinguished 
by the darker green colour, and by the deep blue colour of the under 
wing-coverts and axillaries; the male has the red colour of the face 
generally brighter than in the other species and descending lower 
down on the throat; the female is easily distinguished from the 
females of the allied species by the very dark brown-chestnut colour 
of the head. The male has the upper mandible red, the lower 
whitish ; both mandibles are dusky in the female. Total length 11 to 
11-6 inches, wing 7 to 7*3, tail 3-3 to 3*55, bill 0-98 to 1-8, tarsus 0'72. 

Young. Upper part of the head green like the back ; sides of the 
head greyish green ; no brown spot on the wing-coverts. 

Eab. Confined to the Southern Moluccas, or to the Amboyna 
Group, from Bouru to Boano, Ceram, Amboyna, Harouko, Goram, 
and Monawolka. 

a, b. Ad. sk. 
c. ild. st. 
d. Imm. st. 
e. c? ^d. sk. 
/ . Ad.sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
h. S imm. sk. 
Moluccas. 
Moluccas. 
[Gilolo.] 
N. Ceram (A. JR. Wallace). 
Amboyna {Gov. JRiedel). 
Amboyna. 
Amboyna. 
Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 
Baron Laugier Coll. 
Purchased. 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
"Wallace Coll. 
c Challenger' Expedition. 
i. d ad.; k tf 
iiimi. j /. 5 
ad. sk. 
Amboyna, May, June. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[C] 
m, n. cS 5 ad. sk. 
o,p. § ad. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
r, s. Imm. sk. 
Bourn. 
Cajeli, Bouru, Nov. 
[Waigiou.] * 
[Mysol.] * 
Wallace Coll. 
H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[C.]. 
Wallace Coll. I 
"Wallace Coll. j 
t. Ad. sk. 
u, v. S 2 ad. sk. 
[Mysol] (A. It[Batjan.] 
Wallace). 
(Types of species.) 
Gould CoU. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

6. Greoffroyns floresianus. 
GeofTroytts jukesii (part.), Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 484 (Flores). 
Geoffroyus personatus (part.), Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 283, 293 
(Flores); Tristr. (nee Shaw) Cat. Coll. B. p. 79 (1889). 

Eclectus 
personatus (part.), Schleg. Mm. P.-P. Psittaci, p. 42 
(specimen no. 5 excepted) (Flores) (1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr. 
Bierk. iii. p. 332 (partim) (1866); id. Mm. P.-B. Paittaci. Revue, 

p. 18 (1874) (Flores). 
Psittacus suckesii (errore), 8cMeg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 333 
(part.) (1866) (Flores). 
Pionias personatus (part.), Fi?iscJi, Papag. ii. p. 375 (1868). 

* I have shown in my ' Ornitologia della Papuasia', that the types of G. 
rhodops have been wrongly labelled by Mr. Gray as from Waigiou and Mysol. 
31 . GEOEESOYTTS. 
407 

Geoffroy personatus (part), G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8270 

(Flores) (1870). * ' 
Rhodocephalus jukesii, Pehnw. {nee Gray) Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 249 
{Consp. Psitt p. 137) (Flores); id. Vogelbild. Naclitr. 65 (1883). 

This species is dark green like 67. rJwdojps, but it is much smaller; 
the blue under wing-coverts and axillaries are a little lighter, but 
darker than in G. personatus, which species it resembles in size. 
Total length 9*5 inches, wing 6, tail 2-8 to 3, bill 0-82, tarsus 0*6. 

The adult male has the head very much like the other allied 
species ; I have not seen an adult female; an apparently immature 
male has the whole head of a cinnamon colour, with lilac reflexions 
on the upper part. 

The young bird has the upper part of the head green like the 
back ; the cheeks and sides of the head dull green; the brown spot 
on the smaller wing-coverts slightly indicated. 

IIah. Flores. 

a. £ ad.; h. Imm.; Flores. Wallace Coll. 
c. Juv. sk. (Types of species.) 
d. Juv. sk. Flores {A. P. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
7. GeofTroyns sumbavensis. 
Geoffroyus yukesi, Guillem. {nee Gray) P. Z. S. 1885, p. 502 
(Sumbawa). 
Like G. JloresianuSj only a little larger: u iris lemon-yellow; 
upper mandible red, lower slate-brown ; feet grey " (Giullemard). 
Total length 10*05 to 9*7 inches, wing 6*6 to 6*4, tail 3, bill 0*95, 
tarsus 0*62. 
Female. Apparently with a brown head, lighter and greener on 
the lower part of the cheeks: "bill brown" (Gidllemard). 
Dimensions a little less than those of the male. 
Hah. Sumbawa. 
The types of this form, or species, are in the collection of the 
Hon. Walter Rothschild • the difference in size is not great, but 
apparently constant. The female examined is not fully adult, having 
many ,green feathers on the pileum among the brown ones. 

8. Geoffroyns pucherani. 
Psittacus personatus, part., Less. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. p. 373 (note) 
(1826); ?id. Tr. dJ0m. p. 199 (partim) (1831); fid. Cornel, de 
Buff., Ois. p. 608 (partim) (1838). 

Psittacus geoffroyi (exNov. Gum.), & Mull Verli. Land-en Volhenh. 
pp. 22,107 (partim) (1839-44). 
Pione a- tete brune, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Slid, Zool pi. 2o bis, 

f. 8($) (1846). 
Piomis fuscicapillus, Jacq. et Pucker {nee Vieill) Voy. Pole Sud, m. 
v 106 (9.) (1835) (type examined); Hartl Journ. f. Orn. 1854, 
p! 166 5 Posenb. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 226 (1863): id. 
Journ./. Orn. 1864, p. 115, n. 31. * 

Geoffroyns pucherani, Bjp. Naumanma, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 26b 
(descr. nulla) {ex Jacq. et Pucker.) (?) ; Souanci, Pev. et Mag. de 

408 
PSITTACIB-ffi). 

Zool. 1856, p. 218 (type examined); Sclat. Jour. Pr. Linn. Soc. 

ii. p. 165, n. 116 (1858); id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227 ; Rose?ib. 
Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 64; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Bid. xxv. 
pp. 144, 226, sp. 27 (1863); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1864, p. 115, 
n. 27 ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 283 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
vii. p. 757 (1875), x. p. 29, n. 40, p. 120 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e 
Mot i. p. 183 (1880); Rchnio. Vogelbild. t. xi. f. 4 (1878-83); 
Nehrh. Joum.f. Orn. 1885, p. 31; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 620; 
Bilttih. Not. Leifd. Mus. viii. p. 61 (1886); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. 
So. Tor. ser. 2, xl.p. 163 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 79 (1889). 
Geoffroyus personatus, Sclat. {nee Shaw) Jour. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. 

p. 165, n. 115 (1858); Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. 
p. 226, n. 26 (1863); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1864, p. 115; Bernst. 
Bagboek,^. 154 (1883). 
Psittacus pueherani, 
G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195; id. P. Z. S. 
1859, p. 159; id. Cat. B. Neic Guin. pp. 42, 60 (1859); id. List 
Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 72 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436; Bernst 
Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. p. 297 (1864); Finsch, Neu-Guin. 

p. 156 (1865). 
Psittacus personatus, G. P. Gr. {nee Shaio) P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195; id* 
Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 42, 60 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 436. ^ 
Psittacus rhodops, Bernst. {nee Gray) Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. hid. xxvii. 

p. 297 (1864). 
Eclectus rhodops, var., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 166 (1864) 
(Guebeh, Waigiou). 
Eclectus personatus (part.), Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. iii. p. 333 
(B, petite forme 0) (1866), iv. p. 4 (1871); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Revue, p. 20 (partim, b) (1874); Rosenb. Zoolog. Gart. 1878, p. 345(
parti m). 

Pionias pucherani, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 385 (1868); Meyer, Sitzh. 

k. Ah. Wissensch. Wien, lxx. pp. 220, 223, 234 (1874); id. SitzK 
Isis JDresd. 1875, p. 77. 
Geoffroy pucherani, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8274 (1820). 
Ilhodocephalus pucherani, Rchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 250 {Consp. 

Ptitt p. 138). 

Adult male. Green, underparts paler; forehead, sides of the head, 
chin, and throat red ; vertex and hind part of the head lilac-blue ; 
hack green, slightly tinged with olive* uropygium chestnut-red; 
upper tail-coverts and tail yellowish green ; wings green, sometimes 
with an obsolete brown spot on the smaller wing-coverts; axillaries 
and under wing-coverts deep blue: " iris pale yellow; upper 
mandible red, under mandible dusky; feet dark lead-colour" 
(BAlbertis). Total length 9*8 to 10*5 inches, wing 6*5 to 6*9, tail 
2*8 to 3-05, bill 0-88 to 0*95, tarsus 0*65. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the head dark chestnut; 
the sides of the head and chin greenish, the bill dusky. 
Young. Head above green like the back; cheeks dusky greenish; 
bill dusky, sometimes yellowish. 

Hah. North-western E"ew Guinea; "Western Papuan Islands— 
"Waigiou, Guebeh, Batanta, Salawatty, ITysol, Koffiao ; and Miosnom 
in Geelvink Bay. 

a, I. S ad. sk. Dorey. Wallace Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Andai. Edinburgh Mus. [E.]. 
d. $ ad, sk. Amberpon, Geelvink Bay, Jan. Purchased. 

31 . GEOFFROYUS. 
409 

e,f. Ad. sk. Mysol (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
g7 h. d ? ad. sk. Mysol. Wallace Coll. 
*. Ad.sk. Mysol Purchased.


9. 
Geoflfroyus joMensis. 
Eelectus personatus (part.), Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh. iv. p. 4 
(1871) ; id. Mus. P.-JB. Psittaci, Revue, pp. 18 and following (b, 
specimens from Jobi) (1874); Rosenb. (?zec Shaw), Heist mar 
Gedvinkb. p. 55 (1875); id. Zoolog. Gart. 1878, p. 345 (partim). 

Pionlas pucherani, var. jobiensis, Meyer, Sitzb. k. Ak. Wissensch. 

Wien, Ixx. p. 225 (1874) (type examined). 
Pionias puclierani (part.), Meyer, Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 1875, p. 77. 
Geoitroyus jobiensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, n. 41 

(1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 187 (1880); Guillem. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. (520; Bilttik. Not. Leyd. Mus. viii. p. 61 (1886); Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 164 (1889). 

Rhodocephalus jobiensis, Rchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 250 (Consp* 
Psitt. p. 138); id. Vogelhild. Naehtr. 68 (1883). 

Very much like G. pucherani, from which, it differs in having the 
uropygium of a brighter red, the axillaries and under wing-coverts 
of a much brighter blue, the interscapular region washed more or 
less with brown ; also in this species there is sometimes a brown 
spot on the smaller wing-coverts. The female has a brown head 
like that of G. pitelwrani. Total length 10 inches, wing 6*8, tail 
3-1, bill 0-b5, tarsus 0*65. 

Hob. Jobi Island. 

a. S 
&&* s^- Ansus, Jobi (Br. A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll* 
(Typical specimen.) 
10. G-eoffroyus mysorensis. 
Eelectus personatus (part), Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. iv. p. 4 
(1871) j id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 18 (b, specim. from 
Mysore, p. 21) (1874) ,• Rosenb. Zoolog. Gart. 1878, p. 345 (partim). 

Pionias pucherani, var. 
mysorensis, Meyer, Sitzb. h. Ah. Wissensch. 
Wien, Ixx. p. 225 (1874) (type examined). 

\ puchera 

Geoffroyus mysorensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, n. 42 
(1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 188 (1880) ; Bilttik. Not Leyd. 
Mus. viii. p. 61 (1886); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. 

p. 164 (1889). 
Geoffroyus maforensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, n. 43 
(1877). 
Rhodocephalus 
mysorensis, Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 251 
{Consp. Psitt. p." 139); id. Vogelbild. Naclitr. 66 (1883). 

Similar to G. pucherani, but of a much darker green colour ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries of a much deeper blue; brown-
reel spot on the wing-coverts always present and very conspicuous. 

The male has the blue colour on the hind part of the head generally 
deeper than in G. pucherani, and extended lower down on the hind 

PSITTACIDJ5. 

410 

part of the cheeks; also the red colour of the chin extends lower 
down on the throat. The female has the brown-chestnut colour of 
the head darker than the female of G. pucheranL Total length 
10*2 inches, wing 67, tail 3-1, bill 0*85, tarsus 0*7. 

Bab. Mysori It-land, in Geelvink Bay. 

a. 2 
ad. sk. Kordo, Mysori (Dr. A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
(Typical specimen.) 
11. G-eoffroyus dorsalis. 
Geoffroyus dorsalis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 758 (1875), 
x. p. 30, n. 44 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 190 (1880) ; 
Bitttik. Not. Leyd. Mm. viii. p. 61 (1880) ; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. 
8c. Tor. ser. % xl. p. 164 (1889;. 
Ehodocephalus dorsalis, llchmo.Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 251 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 139). 

Female, Green; head maroon; forehead and front part of 
the cheeks slightly greyish ; chin greenish; interscapular feathers 
yellowish green, broadly edged with reddish brown ; uropygium 
brown-red; upper tail-coverts, underparts, and tail yellowish 
green • wings green, a brown-red spot on the smaller wing-coverts; 
quills underneath dusky; the innermost secondaries near the 
scapulars yellowish on the inner web; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries bright blue: bill and feet dusky. Total length 10*2 
inches, wing 6-6^ tail 2*8, bill 0*83, tarsus 0*65. 

Ilab. New Guinea, near Andai. 

This species is only known from the type-specimen in the 
Museum of Genoa, apparently a female; and it is noc impossible 
that, notwithstanding the differences noted, it may turn out to 
be an accidental variety of G.puclierani: a most peculiar character 
is the yellowish tinge on the inner web of the innermost secondaries 
near the scapulars, a feature that G. dorsalis has in common with 

1 G. simplex and G. heteroclitus. 

12. Geoflroytis cyanicollis. 
Psittacus cyanicollis, 8. Mull. Verh. Zand-en Tolhenk. p. 108 
(1839-1844) (type examined); Wagner, Arch. f. Natwg. 1842 
2, p. 79; G. P. Or. Gen. B. ii.p. 421, n. 36 (1846); id. List Psitt 
Brit. Mus. p. 73 (1859) ; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 156 (1865). 

Psittacus (Psittacula) cyanicollis, 8. Milll. Verh. Land- en Tolkenh 

p. 182 (1839-1844). 
Psittacula cyanicollis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 26 (1846); 
Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. d. naturh. ECofmus. iii. p. 40 (1878). 
Geoffroyus cyanicollis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 6 (1850); id. Compt. Rend.

xxx. p. 137 (1850) ; id. Bev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 155, n. 288 * 
id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 238; SouancL Bev et Mao 
deZool 1856, p. 218; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; Bosenb Journ 
f. Orn. 1862, p. 62; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp 14J* 
142 (1863); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 283; 8alvad. Ann. Mm. Civ 
31. aEQjraoYus. 
411 

Gen. vii. p. 757 (1875); Sahad. e I)'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. (ten. 

vii. p. 811 (1875); Salvad. op. cit. x. p. 30, n. 45 (1877); id. Oni. 
Pap. e Mol. i. p. 191 (1880); llcluno. Voqelbild. t. xxvii. f. 7, 8 
(1878-83); Qmlkm. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 5(33 • Salvad. Mem. It Ac. 
So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 104 (1880); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 78 (New 
Guinea!) (1889). 
Psittacus (Geoffroyus) cyaneicollis, G. P. Or. P. Z. S. 18(50, p. 358. 
Eclectus cyanicollis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pbittaei, p. 44 (18(54) j id. 

Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 834 (partim) (1800) ; id. Mus. P.-B. 

Psittaci, Revue, p. 22(1874); Gieh. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 74 (1875); 

Posenb. Zoolog. Gart. 1878, p. 345 (partim), 
Pionias cyanicollis, Finsch, Papag. ii, p. 387 (18(58). 
GeofFroy cyanicollis, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 100, n. 8275 (1870). 
Rhodocephalus cyanicollis, Pchnw. Joicm. f. Orn. 1881, p. 248 

(Consp. Psitt. p. 130). 

Adult male. Green; interscapular region, lower back, and sides of 
the breast more or loss tinged with brown-olive ; forehead and 
cheeks red; crown and car-coverts tinged with lilac; a broad 
collar round the nape greenish blue; a bluish tinge also in front of 
the neck; lower breast and abdomen green with a slight tinge of 
blue ; under tail-coverts yellowish green, edged with bluish towards 
the tip; wings green, with an obsolete brown spot on the smaller 
upper wing-coverts; axillaries and under wing-coverts blue, the same 
colour appears along the cubital and carpal edges of the wing; quills 
underneath blackish; tail yellowish green: upper mandible red, 
under mandible reddish brown or black ; feet dusky. Total length 
11-4 to 11*8 inches, wing 7'1, tail 7*7, bill 0-95, tarsus 0-7. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the head dusky 
grey, tinged with lilac on the vertex, and with olive on the lower 
part of the cheeks and on the chin ; bill dusky. In size somewhat 
smaller than the male. 

Eab. The Moluccas—Halmahera, Batchian, Morty. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Ilalmaliera {H. Rosenberg). Tweeddale Coll. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Gilolo (A. R. Wallace). 
Gilolo. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
e-h. <$ $ ad. sk. Batchian. Wallace Coll. 
i. Ad, sk. Batchian (A. P. Wallace). Gould Coll. 

13. Geoffroyus obiensis. 
Eclectus cyanicollis, var. b, Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 334 

(1800). 
Pionias obiensis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 389 (1808) (types examined). 
Geonroy obiensis, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 100, n. 8279 (1870). 
Eclectus cyanicoLis, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 22 

(1874) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 74 (partim) (1875); Rosenb. 
Zoolog. Gart. 1878, p. 345 partim). 

Geoffroyus obiensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, n. 40 
(1877); id. Owi. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 193 (1880) ; Rchmo. Vogelbild. 
in the text of pi. xxvii. (1878-83) ; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 303 ; 
Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 104 (1889). 

Rhodocephalus obiensis, Rchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 249 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 137). 

412 PSITTACIDiE. 

Differs from G. cyanicollis only in having the uropygium brown-

red. 
Bab. Obi group and Batchian. 
This species is not confined to the Obi group; I have seen 

the two specimens from Batchian, collected by Dr. Guillemard, which 

have a brown-red spot on the rump, like those from Obi. 

14. Geoffroyus heteroclitus. 
Psittacus geoffroyi heteroclitus, Hombr. et Jacq. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 
p. 319 (1841) (types examined). 
Pione he*te*roclite, Hombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 25 bis, 
f. l(rf), 3($) (1846). 
Psittacus heteroclitus,^. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 8 (1846) $ id. 
List Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 73 (1859). 
Pionus heteroclitus, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Pdle Sud, iii. p. 103 (c?) 
(1853); Marti. Journ.f. Orn. 1854, p. 165; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, 

p. 118; ? Finsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 538. 
Pionus cyaniceps, Jacq. et Pucker. Voy. Pole Sud, Zool. i. p. 105 ( $ ) 
(1853); Hartl. Journ.f. Orn. 1854, p. 165: Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, 

p. 118. 
Geoffroyus heteroclitus, Bp. Rev. et May. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, 
n. 229; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 237; SouancS, 
Rev. ei Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 118; Sclat P. Z. S. 1869, pp. 122, 
124; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 30, n. 47 (1877); Gould, 
B. New Guin. pt. viii. pi 5 (1878) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 672 ; 
Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 442; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. iv. 
p. 68 (1879); id. Nature, xx. 1879, p. 125; Salvad. Orn. Pap.eMol. 
i. p. 194 (1880); Rcknw. Vogelbild. t. xxvii. f. 2 (1878-83); Ramsay, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. pp. 33, 663; Tristr. Ibis, 1882, 
pp. 138,143; Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 329, 1888, p. 189; Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 164 (1889); Tristr. Cat ColL 
B. pp. 78, 79 (1889). 
Geoffroyus cyaniceps, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 155, n. 229 
bis; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 107 (New Britain), 1878, p. 672 (New 
Britain). 

Psittacus (Geoffroy) heteroclitus, G. R. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl p. 34 
(1859). 
Pionias heteroclitus, Finsck, Papag. ii. p. 390 (1868) ; id. P. Z. S. 
18C9, p. 127; Gieb. Tim. Orn. iii. p. 190 (1876). 
Geoffroy heteroclitus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 160, n. 8277 (J) 
(1870). 
Geoffroy cyaniceps, G. R. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 160, n. 8278 (9) 
(1870). + / 
Pionias cyaniceps, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 12. 
Khodocephalus heteroclitus, Rchniv. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 248 
{Consp. Psitt p. 136). 
Geoffroyus agrestis, Tristr. Ibis, 1882, pp. 138, 143, n. 69 (young ; 
San Cristoval); Ramsay, Ibis, 1882, p. 472; id. Pr. Linn. Soc 

N. S. W. vii. p. 42 (1882); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii." 
p. 418, n. 7 (1882); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 517 (1882); id. 
Mem. R. Ac. Soc. Tor. (2) xl. p. 164 (1889); Tristr. Cat. ColL B. 
p. 78 (1889). 
Khodocephalus agrestis, Rchnw. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 64 (1883). 
Adult male. Green, underneath yellowish green; head yellow; 

31 . GEOFFROYTJS. 
413 

collar round the neck grey, with a slight tinge of bluish; a palo 
brown spot on the smaller wing-coverts ; quills with a narrow 
yellow edge on- the inner web; innermost secondaries near the 
scapulars with a yellowish-white spot on the inner web ; primary-
coverts green, edged with blue; under wing-coverts blue; tail 
green above, golden olive underneath, the tip and the inner wob of 
the tail-feathers narrowly edged with yellow: " iris pale yellow; 
upper mandible yellow, under mandible block; feet grey" (Woodford). 
Total length 10-5 inches, wing 6H, tail 3-3, bill 0*85, 
tarsus 6. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the head greenish, with 
a bluish-grey tinge above; there is no yellow colour on the head, 
and no bluish-grey collar round the neck : " bill black ; legs grey ; 
iris pale yellow" {Woodford). Of nearly the same size as the 
male. 

Young (type of G. agrestis). The upper part of the head is green 
like the back; cheeks also greenish; body, wings, and tail as in 
the adult bird: " iris drab; feet greenish drab; bill brownish 
orange " (Richards). (MILS. Tristram.) 

Eab.^ Solomon Islands—St. Georgo, Isabel, Lava, Guadalcanal1, 
San Cristoval; New Britain and New Ireland. 

a,b. <$ $ ad. sk. San Cristoval. T. C. CockereU [C.]. 

c. 
(S ad. sk. Guadalcanal July. G. M.Woodford, Esq. 
[P.]. 
d, e. Imm. sk, Solomon Islands. P. L. Sclater, Esq. 
[p.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. New Britain (Rev. G. Brown). Tweeddale Coll. 
g, h. Imm. sk. New Britain. Rev. G. Brown [0.]. 

i. Ad. sk. New Ireland. Rev. G. Brown [O.J. 
15. Geoffrojras simplex. 
Pionias simplex, 
Meyer, Verh. k. z.~b. Gesellsch. Wien, lxx. p. 30 
(1874) (type examined); id. Sitzb. k. Ak, Wissensch. Wien, lxix. 

p. 74 (1874); JSciat Ibis, 1874, p. 419; Meyer, Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 
1875, p. 77. 
Geoffroyus simplex, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 759 (1875), 

x. p. 30, n. 48 (1877), p. 120, n. 15 (1877); Gotdd, B. New Gum. 
pt. v. pi. 7 (1877); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL i. p. 100 (1880) ; 
Mchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxvii. f 1 (1878-83); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. So. 
Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 165 (1880). 
Rhodocephalus simplex, Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 247 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 135). 

Adult male (type). Green; back brownish; rump washed with 
blackish; under surface of body lighter green ; round the neck a 
collar of light blue, somewhat shaded with lilac under certain lights, 
and broader and less defined on the nape; wings green ; the inner 
webs of the quills black; under wing-coverts sky-blue, this colour 
descending somewhat on the sides of the chest; under surface of 
the quills blackish, the innermost secondaries nearer to the scapulars 
with a pale yellow spot on the inner web; on the edge of the 


414 
PSITXACID2E. 

wings a yellowish-white spot; wing-coverts with a slight patch of 

yellowish brown; cheeks and chin paler green, like the under 

surface; abdomen shaded with brown; under tail-coverts pale 

green shaded with yellowish ; upper surface of the tail green, below 

greenish yellow ; bill, cere, feet, and nails black. Total length 11-4 

inches, wing 6*4, tail 3'6, bill 1, tarsus 0'56. 

Female. Like the male, but smaller, with no bluish collar, the 
pileum and cheeks slightly tinged with bluish; upper parts with no 
blackish tinge : " iris pale yellow; bill black ; feet greenish or 
lead-colour" (B'Albertis). Total length 9*4 inches, wing 6, 
tail 3-35. 

Hah. New Guinea, from the Arfak Mountains to East Cape. 

A specimen from East Cape collected by Mr. C. Hunstein 
seems to belong to this species, although it has no brownish or 
blackish tinge either on the back or on the wings and abdomen ; it 
is labelled female, but as it has a bluish-grey collar, better defined in 
front of the neck, I should say that it is a male. It may, however, 
be different from the Arfak bird. 

a. [2] a<*-sk- East Cape, New Guinea. Hr. C. Hunstein [C.]. 
32. PEIONITUEUS. T e 
* Prioniturus, 
WcujL Mon. Psitt. p. 490 (1832) P. platurus. 
Urodiscus, JBp, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 155 P. discurus. 
llange. Erom the Philippines, including Palawan and the Sooloo 
Islands, to the Sanghir Islands, Celebes, the Togian Islands, and 
Bouton Island. 

Key to the Sjoecies. 

a. General colour green, but not yellow-green. 
a\ Wing-coverts greenish grey; a golden-yellow 

baud across the interscapular region j a red 

spot on the vertex \ occiput bluish grey .. platurus $, p. 415. 

b'. Wing-coverts green. 

a", The head entirely green in the adult bird, platurus J , p. 415. 

b". The head not entirely green in the adult 

bird, 

a"'. Head partly blue. 

aK Neck and breast olive-brown. 

a5. Crown blue, with a red spot in the 

middle flavicans <S, p. 416. 

b5. Crown blue, with no red spot ... . Jlavicans $ , p. 41G. 

¥, No olive-brown colour on the breast; 

no red spot on the middle of the 

crown. 

c5. Blue or violet colour of the head 

confined to the crown. 

a6. Crown blue. 

a7. Crown blue to the occiput; [p. 417. 

forehead green discurus <$ $, 

b7. Crown from the anterior margin 
of the forehead to the occiput 
blue siduenstSj p. 419, 

32 . PKIONJLTtTCtTTS. 
415 

56. Crown arid occiput violet (Steere). mindorensis, p, 410. 
d5. Crown, forehead, and cheeks tinged 
with blue ; occiput and nape green, cyaneiceps $, p. 419. 
h'". Head entirely verditer-blue cyaneiceps $ > p. 411). 

o. 
General colour above and below, including the 
head, yellow-green luconensis, p. 420. 
1. Prionituriis platans. 
Psittacus platurus, Temm. fide Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 314 (Nouvelle 
Caledonie!) (1817); Euhl, (hoisp. Psitt p. 43 (Nouvelle Caledonia 
!) (1820) ; Vieill. Uric. Meth. iii. p. 1307 (1823): G. It. Gr. 

Cat B. Trop. Isl. p. 31 (1859). 
Racket-tailed Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 1G7, pi. 24 (1822). 
Psittacus setarius, Temm. PL Col. 15 (Timor!) (1824); Less. Man. 

eTOrn. ii. p. 151 (Timor!, Philippines!) (1828); Voic/t, CUD. Uebers. 

p. 736 (1831); Mull. § Schleg. Verli. Land-en Yolkenh. pp. 90, 
107,182 (1839-44). 
Platycercus ? setarius, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 124 (1820). 
Psittacus discurus, pait., Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 201 (1831). 
Prioniturus platurus, Wagl Man. Psitt p. 523 (1832); G. R. Gr. 

Gen. B. ii. p. 408 (syn. emend.) (1846); Pp. Consp, Av. i. p. 0 
(1850) j id. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 153 ; id. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 151; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Prit. 
Mus. p. 17 (1859); Wall. Ibis, 1860, p. 141; Posenb. Journ. f. 
Orn. 1862, p. 60 ; id. Nat Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 139 (1863) ; 
Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 15 (1869) ; G. P. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 141, n. 8040 (1870); Sundev. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent 

p. 09 (1872) j Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 32 (1872); Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 645 (1875) ; Brilggem. Abh. Prem. v. 
p. 39 (Celebes, Sanghir) (1876) ; Koch, Verz. Samml. Vogelb. am 
Celebes u. Sanr/hi?*, Feb. 1876, p. 1; Lenz, Journ. f. Orn. 1877, 
p. 362; ? Posenb. Malay. Archip. p. 274 (1878) \ Meye)-,lbis,l879, 
pp. 49, 145; Pchnw. VogelbUd. t. xxvii. f. 5 ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 255 {Consp. Psitt. p. 143); Bias. Journ. f. Orn. 1883, 
p. 134; Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 6; 
Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 543; Plus. Zeitschr. f. (/es. Orn. 1885, 
p. 212, figs. 1, 2, 4,5, 6; id. Omis, iv. p. 559 (1888); Tristr. Cat 
Coll. B. p. 75 (1889). 
Psittacus spatuliger, mas, Pourj. Perr. pi. 53 (1837-38). 
Prioniturus wallacei, Gould, MS.; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. 

p. 18 (Makassar) (1859); Schleg. Bierent. p. 70 (with figure) 
(1864); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8044 (1870). 
Prioniturus setarius, Mat. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 223, 226; Gould, P. of 
Asia, vi. pi. 12 (pt. xiv., 1862); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 284, 293 ; 
Posenb. Malay. Archip. p. 274 (1878). 

Eclectus platurus, Schleg. Mus. P.-P. Psittaci, p. 45 (1864); id. ov. 
cit. Revue, p. 22 (Celebes, Siao, Bouton, Bourn) (1874) ; Posenb. 
Zool. Gart 1878, p. 345. 

Pionias platurus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 395 (1868). 
Eclectus platyurus, Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 76 (1875). 


Adtdt Sinciput, sides of the head, neck, and nnderparts green ; 
the underparts, especially the under tail-coverts, with a yellowish 
tinge ; a band across the vertex red ; occiput bluish grey ; a golden-
yellow band across the interscapular region; back and scapulars 
greenish grey; uropygium and upper tail-coverts green; upper 

416 PSITTACIDJE. 

wiDg-coverts greenish, grey, tinged with delicate bluish grey near 

the bend of the wing: primaries and their coverts dsxk green; 

secondaries paler green, edged with yellowish, the, innermost 

ones, near the scapulars, yellowish white on the/ inner web; 

middle tail-feathers green, with the spatula gre^jfi, Uue in the 

middle ; lateral tail-feathers green, with the apical fhird deep bine; 

quills and tail-feathers underneath verditer-green fc " iris brown ; 

hill lead-colour; feet greyish" (Guttle tmnl}. Totil length to the 

tip of the middle tail-feathers about 13 inches, to\he tip of the 

lateral tail-feathers 10*5, wing 7, middle tail-feather^ 6**5, lateral 

tail-feathers 3*6, bill 0*95, tarsus 0*82. 

Adult female. "Wants the red spot on the vertex, the bluish-grey 

patch on the occiput, the yellow band across the interscapular 

region, and the grey tinge on the back, on the scapulars, and on 

the upper wing-coverts, all those parts being green, like the 

remainder of the upper parts ; underparts and tail as in the adult 

male, only the two racketted middle tail-feathers shorter, their 

length ranging between 5 and 4*7 inches. 

Young birds resemble the adult females, but have the two middle 

tail-feathers not much longer than the lateral ones, narrow towards 

the point, but webbed through their whole length and without a 

distinct spatula. 

Hah. Celebes, Togian Islands, Siao, and Bon ton. 

Prof. Schlegel mentions a specimen from Bouru, but I doubt 

the accuracy of the statement. The specimens from Siao have been 

described by Prof. Schlegel as somewhat different, having the red 

patch on the vertex broader, and the yellow band across the inter


scapular region broader and brighter. 

a. Ad. sk. Celebes. Twepddale Coil 
b, cr d. d. Ask. Celebes. Gould Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Celebes. II. B. Sharpe, Esq., 
LL.D. "IV. 
g, h. 5 ad. et imni. Celebes. Dr. A. B:Meyer TV. 
sk. 


i. Ad. sk. Celebes. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad.sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
1. $ ad. sk. Menado {Wallace). Tweeddaie Coll 
m, ». S $ ad. sk. Menado (i\ Duiven-Tweeddafc Coll, 
bode). 
o, J ad. sk. Menado. Wallace Cull. 
p, q. Ad. sk. Macassar, S. Celebes Gould Colt (Types of 
(Wallace). P. trallacei% Gould.) 
r,8. $ 2 ad. sk. Macassar. Wallace Coll 
t, u. § ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Purchased. 

2. Prioautiiriis flavicaas. 
p. 18 (1859); Sclat. R Z. & IBi 0, pp. 223, 22tf (frya. tnirad.); 
Gould, B. of Asia, vi. pL 13 (pt. xiv., 1802); Wall. P. Z. S. 18*M, 
pp. 284, 293; Sousa, Mus. Kae. Lisbm^ Psittaci, p. 15 (180S>); 
32 . PRIO^ITUEUS. 
417 

G. B. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8045 (1870); Wald. Tr. Zool Soc. 
viii p. 32 (1872): Bruggem. Abk Brem. v. p. 40 (187G); Lenz, 
Journ. /. Orn. 1877, p. 863; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, pp. 51, 145; 
BeJmio. Vogelbild. t xxvii. f. 4 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. 0m. 
1881, p. 255 (Cow*/*. P«#. p. 143); Bias. Journ. f. Orn. 1883, 
p. 134; Meyer, Sitzh. u. Abk Ges. Isis, 1884, Abk. i. p. 6; 
Ginllem. P. & A 1885, p. 543; Bias. Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1885, 
•PV- 212, 213, figs. 3, 7, p. 218 (fig. of the head), i886, p. 83• id. 
Ornis, iv. p. 560 (1888). 

Piioniturus discurus, Wall, {nee Vieill) lbis,1860, p. 141 (N. Celebes). 

Psittacus diseosurus, Temm. [nee Vieill.) in Mus. Lvgd. {fide JSclater, 

I c). 

Ecleetus fiavicans, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 45 (1864); id. op. 

cit Berne, p. 24 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 74 (1875). 

Pionias fiavicans, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 399 (1868). 

Prioniturua fla^inucbus, Bosenb. Beise nach Celebes {fide Finscli, 

Papag. ii, p. 401). 

Advlt male. Green, head brighter; neck, interscapular region, 
and upper breast olive-brown; pileum blue, with a bright red spot 
on the vertex:; back, scapulars, uropygium, upper tail-coverts, and 
wings green; lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts paler 
green; first primary edged with bluish green on the outer web; 
tail above green, with a black band at the tip of the lateral 
feathers: spatule of the two middle tail-feathers black; tail and 
quills underneath verditer-green : " bill whitish slate; tarsus slate " 
(Gitilhmanl). Total length from the bill to the tip of the two 
middle fail-feathers about 15*6 inches, to the tip of* the lateral tail-
feathers 12*2, wing 7*4, middle tail-feathers 6*8, lateral tail-feathers 
$-8, bill 0*96, tarsus 0*7. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but wants the red spot on the 
vertex; the blue colour of the pileum is less extended and not so 
bright. 

Young. Like the female, but the two middle tail-feathers, wbich 
are longer than the lateral ones and narrower at the tip, have the 
webs entire, so that there is no distinct spatule. 

Bab. Celebes, Togian Islands, and perhaps also the Sanghir 
Islands. 

a, b, c. £ 2 ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Menado (A. B. Wal- Tweeddale Coll. 
lace). 

f. tf ad. sk. Celebes. Gould Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Celebes. Purchased. 
X i. Ad. sk. Celebes. R. B. Sharpe, Esq., LL.D. 
[P.]. 

k. Ad. sk. Celebes. Zoological Society's Coll. 
3. Prionitums discuros. 
Psittacus discurus, Vieill Gal des Ois. i. p. 7, pi. 26 (previous to 

1823) (Mindanao); id. Bnc. Metk iii. p. 1369 (1823). 

Psittacus diseosurus, Wagl Mon. Pbitt. p. 524 (1832). 

Psittacus spatuliger, fcem., Bourj. Terr. pi. 53 bis (Mindanao) (1837


38). 

VOL. XX. 2 E 

418 PSITTAC1DJ3. 

Prioniturus discosurus, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 6 (1850). 
Urodiscus spatuliger, Bp. Rev, et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 155, n. 226 ; 


G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8048 (1870) (Manilla). 
Urodiscus spatulifer, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 233. 
Prioniturus discurus, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 18 (1859; 
Philippine Isl.); Sclat. P. Z. & I860, p. 224; Gould, B. of Asia, vi. 
j)l. 15 (pt. xiv., 1862); v. Mart. Journ.f. Orn. 1866, p. 22 ; Wald. 
Tr. ZooL Soc. ix. pp. 132, 249 (part.) (1875); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. 
JSoc. (2) ZooL i. p. 312 (1876); Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 538, 
756, 817, 1878, pp. 379, 937, 1879, p. 68; Tweedd. Voy. ChalL, 
Birds, p. 9 (1881); id. Orn. Works, pp. 300 (part.), 410, 461, 462, 
5<*10, 544, 602, 628, 646 (1881); WardL-Bams., Tweedd. Orn. 

Works, p. 655 (1881) ; Rchnw. YogeThild. t. xxvii. f. 3 (187883); 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 154 (Consp. Psitt. p. 142); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 75 (1889); Steere, List, p. 6 (1890). 

Prioniturus spatuliger, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 18 
(Manilla) (1859); Gould, B. of Asia, vi. pi. 14 (pt. xiv., 1862) ; 
Wall. P. Z. S.1864, p. 294; Mart. Journ.f. Orn. 1866, p. 22. 

Prioniturus, sp., Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 284. 
Pionias discurus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 401 (1868) ; Gieh. Thes. Orn. 


iii. p. 190 (1875). 
Urodiscus discurus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8047 (1870). 
Adult male. Green, the wings a little darker, the underparts 
yellowish green; pileura bright blue; two middle tail-feathers 
green, with the spatule black, tinged with blue; lateral tail-
feathers blue, more or less green on the outer web and black at the 
tip; tail and quills underneath verditer-green: iris grey; bill 
whitish ; feet dark grey. Total length from the bill to the tip of 
the middle tail-feathers 12 to 13 inches, to the tip of the lateral 
tail-feathers 9 to 10, wing 6 to 6*3, middle tail-feathers 6 5^ lateral 
tail-feathers 3-1, bill 0*82 to 0-85, tarsus 0<l 


Female. Smaller, but otherwise not different from the male. 
Young. With no green colour, or scarcely any on the pileum, and 

probably with the middle tail-feathers not spatulated. 
Hal. The Philippines ; it does not extend to Palawan. 
There is a good deal of individual variation in size. 


a, b. Ad. et imm. Manilla. Gould Coll. 
st. 


c. Ad. sk. Manilla. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk. Philippine Islands. W. B. Pryer, Esq. [P.]. 
e. Ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Purchased. 
/. (S ad. sk. Luzon, Feb. (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
g, h. (S $ a^. sk' Guimaras, March (A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer). 
i, 7c. c? J ad. sk. Cebiij'Apiil (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
L c? ad. sk. Panaon, Oct. (A. JL. EvTweeddale 
Coll. 

erett). 

m. 2 &&- sk. Negros, Jan. Steere Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Mindanao. Gould Coll. 
o. (S imm. sk. Surigao, June (A. IT. EvTweeddale 
Coll. 
erett). 
p, <$ ad. sk. Placer, July (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 

q. S ad. sk. Zamboanga. ' Challenger' Exped. 
32. rmoNiTUEUs. 419 
r. 2 ad. sk. Zamboanga, April (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. 
t, u. <$ $ ad. sk. 
Everett). 
Zaniboanga.
Basilan, June (A. K. Bv~ 
Tweedclalo Coll. 
Tweeddale Cull. 
erett). 
4. Prioniturus suluensis. 

Prioniturus discurus, Sharpe (nee VieilL), P. Z. S. 1879, p. 313 
(Sooloo Islands); Guilkm. 1\ Z. S. 1883, p. 251. 
Prioniturus discurus, var. suluensis, Bias. Journ.f. Orn. 1390, p. 140 
(Sulu Inseln). 

Very much like P. discurus, from which it differs in being larger 
and in the greater extension of the blue colour on the crown, where 
it begins from the anterior edge of the forehead and extends to the 
occiput; also the lores are bluish green; on the nape and uppor 
part of the bach there is a very distinct olive patch, of the same 
colour as the underparts. Total length 13*5 inches, wing 6*4, 
central tail-feathers 6-5, lateral tail-feathers 3, bill 0-9, tarsus 0*(>8. 

Bab. Sooloo Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Sooloo Islands. H. Veitch, Esq. [P.] 
5. Prioniturus mindorensis, 
Prioniturus 
mindorensis, Steere, List B. cj-M. Steere JExped. to the 
JPhilipp. p. 6 (1890). 

Adult male. General colour grass-green as in P. discurus ; crown 
and nape violet; lores, face, and chin yellow-green (Steere). 
Jiab. Mindoro. 

6. Prioniturus cyaneiceps. 
Prioniturus platens©*, Bias. Braunschtoeigische Anzeiger, no. 37, 
Febr. 12 (1888), p. 335 ; id. Omis, iv. p. 305 (1888); id. Ibis, 
1888, pp. 372, 374. 
Prioniturus cyaneiceps, Sharpe, Ibis, April 1888, p. 194 (Palawan); 
Whiteh. Ibis, 1890, p. 42; Everett, Journ. Str. Br. JR. As. Soc. 
1880, p. 176 ; Steere, List, p. 6 (1890). 

Adult male. Green; the whole of the head and neck pale verditerblue; 
feathers of the underparts yellowish green, washed on the 
edges with verditer-blue ; middle of the abdomen more yellowish; 
under tail-coverts greenish yellow; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 
and quills green, with a bluish tinge internally; innermost secondaries 
near the scapulars whitish yellow on the inner web ; middle 
tail-feathers green, the shaft and the spatulo black ; lateral tail-
feathers above bluish along the middle, mostly green on the outer 
web, edged with black on the inner web and black at the tip ; tail 

* According to the rules followed in the volumes of the' Catalogue of Birds,' 
names published in daily or political newspapers cannot stand. 
2 E 2 

PSITTACIDJE. 

420 

and quills underneath verditer-blue: bill grey; feet dark. Total 

length 124 inches, wing 6*1 to 5'8, middle tail-feathers 5*6, lateral 

tail-feathers 2-8, bill 0-8, tarsus 0-5. 

Female. Has a very slight tinge of blue on the pileum and cheeks; 

the occiput and nape are bright green; the underparts are yellowish 

green, with no blue tinge; the bastard-wing and the primary-

coverts are green, with no blue tinge, and the lateral tail-

feathers with scarcely any along the middle; under tail-coverts 

pure yellow. 

Young. Green, with no yerditer-blue shade on the head and 

neck; greater wing-coverts and secondaries edged with yellowish 

green: underparts yellowish green ; under tail-coverts yellow, 

washed with greenish ; middle tail-feathers longer than the lateral 

ones, narrow towards the point and entirely webbed. 

Hab. Palawan. 

a-d. $ J ad. et Palawan, July, August. J. Whitehead, Esq. [0.]. 
imm. sk. (Typical specimens of P. cycmeieeps, Sharpe.) 

7. Prioniturus lucoaensis. 
Prionituxus discurus (part.), Tzoeedd. Tr. Zool. Soe. ix. p. 132 (1875) 
(Luzon) ; id. [nee Vieill) P. Z. S. 1877, p. 688 (Monte Alban); id. 
Om. Works, p. 300 (part) and p. 514 (nee Vieill.) (1881). 

Prioniturus 
luconensis, Steere, List B. <§* M. Steere Exped. to the 
PMlipp. p. 6 (1890). 

Adult. General colour above and below, including the head, bright 
jellow-green ; quills, except the innermost ones, near the scapulars 
darker green; first primarj^ edged with blue on the outer web, 
second bluish green on the outer web; the innermost quills, near the 
scapulars, with a broad whitish spot on the inner web; quills underneath 
verditer-green on the inner web; two middle tail-feathers 
green, with a black-blue spatula at the end ; lateral tail-feathers 
green, deep blue towards the end ; tail underneath verditer-green; 
" iris brown; bill lead-grey " (Everett). Total length from the tip 
of the bill to the tip of the middle tail-feathers 12*t> to 11 inches, 
to the tip of the lateral tail-feathers 9*0 to 8*6, wing 5*9 to 3*(>, 
middle tail-feathers 6 or less, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*55. 

Immature. Differs from the adult in having the middle tail-
feathers with the shaft not naked and with no developed spatula, 
although the webs become narrower before the end; the tips of the 
two middle tail-feathers are blue : the lateral tail-feathers have, 
towards the end, less blue than in the adult bird. 

Hab. Luzon, Philippine Islands. 

a, b. tf ad. sk, Luzon, Jan. (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
c-f. (S ad. etinim.sk, Monte Alban, Feb. (A. II. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 

33 . MASCAKINUS. 
33. KASCABINITS. 
Type. 
Mascarinus, Less. Tr. cVOm. p. 188 (1831) M. mascarinus. 
Musearinus. G. B. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 50 (1840). 
Coracopsis, G. B. Gr. (nee Wagl.) List Gen. § Subgen. 

B. p. 85, n. 1444 (1855) 
M. mascarinus. 
(Of. Forbes, Ibis, 1879? pp. 303-307.) 

Range. The same as that of the species. 

1. Hascariiras mascarinns. 
Psittacus Mascarinus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 315 (1760). 
Psittacus mascarinus, Linn. Mantiss. p. 524 (1771); G?n. S. N. i. 

p. 333, n. 49 (1788) ; Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. Ill, n. 87 (1790) ; Shaw, 
Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 528 (1811); Beahst. Eurze TJeb. p. 89 (1812) ; 
Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 313 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 29 (1820); 
Vieill JEnc. Mefh. iii. p. 1367 (1823) ; Voigt, Cuv. Lebers. p. 730 
(1831); Halm, Orn. Atl., Bapag. p. 54, t. 39 (1835); Brehm, 
Mon. d. Bap. t. 60 (1854); Sclat. B. Z. S. 1857, p. 226; id. Ibis, 
1859, p. 320; Schleg. et Poll. Bech. Faun. Madag. p. 157 
(18b8); A. fy E. Neivt. Ibis, 1870, p. 285; Bchnio. Jour. f. Orn. 
1881, pp. 232, 399 (Consp. Psitt. pp. 120, 230); id. Jour. f. Orn. 
1882, p. J 26. 
Mascarin, D'Aubent. PL Enl. 35; Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 120 
(1779). 
Mascarine Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 265, n. 72, with Tar. (note) (1781); 
id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 113, with var. A, p. 214 (1822). 

Perroquet Mascarin, Levaill. Ben: ii. p. 171, pi. 139 (1805); Milne-
Edw. Ann. 8c. Nat., Zool. (5) vi. p. 105, pi. ii. f. 4, pi. iii. f. 8 
(lower mandible) (1866). 

Mascarinus madagascariensis, Less. Tr. d'Orn. i. p. 189 (1831); Bp. 
Consp. Av. i. p. 7 (1850); Hartl. Journ.f. Orn. 1860, p. 107; id. 
Orn. Beitr. Faun. Madag. p. 59 (1861); A. Newt. Ibis, 1860, p. 171 

(note). 

Coracopsis mascarina, Wagl. Mon. Bsitt. p. 679 (1832)> Belz. 
Verh.z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1863, p. 934; Hartl. Vog. Madag p. 232 
(1877). 

Coracopsis muscarina, 
G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 407, n. 1 (1846) ; id. 
List Bsitt. Bnt. Mus. p. 2 (1859). 
Mascarinus obscurus, Bp. (nee Linn. ?) Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 154, n. 207 ; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 210. 
Vaza mascarina, Schleg. Dierent. p. 71 (1864). 
Psittacus madagascarensis, Finsch, Papag. ii. pp. 306, 955 (1868). 
Psittacus mascarenus, F.inseh, ibid. (note). 
Coracopsis obscura, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 159, n. 8262 
(1870). 
Psittacus madagascariensis, Peh. Ibis, 1873, p. 32 ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. 

iii. p. 340 (1877). 
Coracopsis mascarinus, A. fy E. Newt. Ibis, 1876, p. 289; Oust. Bull. 
Soc. Bhilom. (7) ii. p. 165 (1878). 
Mascarinus duboisi, Forbes, Ibis, 1879, p. 300, f. 1 (head;, p. 304, 

422 
PSITTACIDJE. 

figs. 2, 3 (feet), p. 303; Rchnw. $ Schal. Journ. f. Orn. 1880, 

p. 195 *. 
Adult. Upper parts brown, with, a greyish tinge; underparts 
paler; face and throat black; the rest of the head and the hind 
neck pale grey, with a bluish tinge : wings dark brown ; upper and 
under wing-coverts like the back; tail like the back, but the basal 
third of the lateral tail-feathers whitish : bill red; feet reddish 
brown. Total length about 14-6 inches, wing 9, tail 6*3, bill 1*7, 
height of the bill 1-35, tarsus 0-95. 

Hah. Reunion Island. 

This bird is now extinct and only two specimens of it are preserved, 
one in the Museum of Paris and the other in that of 
Vienna; the latter, which was once in the Leverian Museum, is 
partially affected by albinism. In 1834 Hahn figured a specimen 
then living in the Menagerie of the King of Bavaria ; unfortunately 
every trace of it has been lost. 

34. T&RYGKATKUB. 
Type, 
Tanygnathus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 501 (1832) .. T. megalorhynchus. 
Erythrostornus, Siv. Class. B. ii. p. 500 (1837) ,. T. megalorhynchus. 

Range. Prom the Philippines through the Sooloo and Sanghir 
Islands to Celebes, the Moluccas, the Tenimber Islands, the Northwestern 
Papuan Islands, and the north-western coast of Xew 
Guinea. 


Key to the Species. 

a. A distinct black band from the forehead to the 
eyes; pileum and upper part of the cheeks 
tinned with bluish yramineus, p. 423. 
b. No distinct black band from the forehead to 
the eyes. 
a'. Vertex and occiput blue in the adult birds, 
green in young ones j median wing-
coverts black, with broad golden-brown 
edges; scapulars green, tinged with blue., lucbnensis, p. 424. 


* Linnaeus identified his Psittaciis obscurus with P. onascarinus, Briss., and 
the following quotations have been attributed to this species, but the evidence 
is against this identification:— 
Psittaeus obscuruB, Hasselq. Iter* p. 236 (1757); Linn. 8. X. i. p. 140, 

n. 4 (partim) (1766); id. Mantiss. p. 524 (1771); Gm. S. X. I. p. 314, 
n. 4 (1788); Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 84, n. 8 (1790); Shaw, Gin. Zoul. 
viii. 2, p. 400(1811); Vieill X. J), xxv. p. 342 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. 
Putt. p. 96 (1820); Vieill. Enc. Mlth. iii. p. 1384 (1823); Wagl. Mon. 
Putt. p. 739 (1832) (av. dub.); A. $ E. Newt. Ibis, 1876, p. 285; Forbes, 
Ibis, 1879, p. 306. 
Obscure Parrot, 
Lath. Spi. i. p. 20G (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. Ill 
(1822). 

34 . TA^YGXATHTTS. 
423 

b\ So blue colour on the Lead, which is always 
-wholly green; no broad golden-brown 
f edges to the median upper wing-coverts. 
«". Median upper whig-coverts edged with 
pure golden yellow. 
a"1. Scapulars * blackish ; median upper 
wing-coverts black, edged with yellow; 
smaller upper wing-coverts also black, 
but edged with blue; underparts distinctly 
yellowish megabr7iynchus,])A2Ch 

bm. Scapulars green, tinged more or less 
with blue. 


aK Median upper wing-coverts black ; 
smaller ones green, edged with 
blue affinis, p. 428. 

bl. Median and smaller upper wing-
coverts green, the last edged with 
blue . subaffinis, p. 429. 

bft 

. Median and greater upper wing-coverts 
edged with } ellowibh green; bill red in 
the adults, whitish in the young birds. 


cm. Head green, darker than the neck. 

t4. Upper back yellowish green in 
the adult, more or less deep 
green in the young bird, and 
with no blue edges to the 
feathers. miilleri, p. 430. 

dl. Upper back green, with the 
edges of the leathers distinctly 
blue everetti, p. 432. 

dnt 

. Head yellowish green like the neck 
and lighter than the body; greenish-
yellow edges of the upper wing-
coverts very narrow burbidgei, p. 432. 

1. Tanygnathus gramineus. 
Perroquet dAjnboine, UAubent. PL Bnl. 862. 

Grand Perroquet vert a tete bleue, Buff. Hist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 122 
(1779). .. exn4 
Amboina Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 279 (1781); id. Gen. Mst. n. p. 234 

(1822). 

Psittacus gramineus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 338, TL 111 (1788) (ex PI. Enl 
862): lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 118, n. 110 (1790); ? Shaw, Gen. 
Zool viii p. 520 (1811); JBechst. Lath. ITe&er*. p. 95 (1811); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 84 (1820); Weill. Pnc. M&h. p. 13GG (1823); 
? Rteph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 107 (1826); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 743 
(1831); Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 59 (1839); Brelim, Mon. d. Papag. 

t. 03 (1854); Finsck, Papag. ii. p. 923 & p. 929? (18C8); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 337 (1870). 
Perroquet a calotte bleue, ZevailL Perr. pi. 121 (1805). 
Psittacodis gramineua, Wag I Mon. Psitt. p. 516 (1832). 
Eclectus gramineus, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. ^8, n. 6 (1846). 
TanTgnathus gramineus, Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 15d, n. ( , 

id. Naumannia, 1850, Consp. Psitt. *• ? 157 ; g 22. %> Xlf 
Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 68 (1859); id. P.Z S. I860, p 358;«*. 
Hand-listy ii. p. 158, n. 8251 (1870); Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 

PSITT ACID J3. 

424 

Gen. viii. p. 369 (1870) (Bouru); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 133 
(1880); liclmw. Joum.f. Orn. 1581, p. 244 (Consp. Psitt. p. 132) ; 
id. Voqelbild. Nachtr. (51 (1883); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 589; 
#«&>«& ifcfm. 22. -4C. £e. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 158 (1889). 

Female. Green, underparts slightly more yellowish. ; pileum 
greyish green with a bluish tinge; tipper part of the cheeks greyish 
green; lower part of the cheeks like the underparts; a black 
lino from the forehead to the eyes ; primaries and their coverts blue, 
edged with green; secondaries, median and greater upper wing-
coverts green, narrowly edged with yellowish ; under wing-coverts 
greenish yellow: tail above green, with the tip yellowish, underneath 
dull yellowish : " iris cream-colour; upper mandible pinkish 
grey; culmen sooty, tip corneous ; lower mandible grey corneous ; 
legs and feet lavender" (H. 0. Forbes). Total length 16*5 inches, 
wing 5-5, tail 6'5, bill 1*32, tarsus 0-25. 

Hah. Bourou. 

I do not know of a male bird existing in any museum, but 
I think that the bird figured by D'Aubenton was probably a male, 
as the bluish tinge of the pileum is much brighter than in either of 
the two known specimens, both females. The bill of the supposed 
male is entirely pink in the plate. 

a. 2 sk. Kajeli, Bourou, 5th Dec. H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C.]. 
2. Tanygnathus luconensis. 
Psittacus lucionensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 295, pi. xxii. f. 2 (1700) : 
Linn. S. N. i. p. 146, n. 31 (1766); Gm. S. N. i. p. 339, n. 31 
(1788); Lath Ind. Orn. i. p. 120, n. 116 (1790). 

Psittacns minor, sive Psittacula lucionensis. Gerinl Orn. ii. p. 21, 

1.130 (1769). 
Permche de ITsle de Lncon, Sonn. Voy. Nouv. Guin. p. 80, pi. 44 
(177(5). 
Perroquet de ITsle de Lucon, BAubent. PI. Fnl. 287. 
Psittacus marginatum P. L. S. Mull. IS. N., SuppL p. 77, n. 54 (1776); 

Gm. S. N. i. p. 824, n. 71 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 96, n. 42 
(1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. (2) p. 420 (1811); Beclist. Lath. 
Ueb. p. 73 (1812); Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 350 (1817); XuM, Cousp. 
Psitt. p. 37 (1820); Vieill. Fnc. MeVt. iii. p. 1389, pi. 223. f. 2 
(1823); Voifft, Cuv. Uebers. p. 734 (1831); Cass. Pr. Acad. Nat. 
So. Philad. 1804, p. 240. 

Le 
Permche aux ailes chamarees, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 151 
(1779); Levaill. Perr. pi. 60 (1801). 
Varied-winged Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 233 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 155 (1822). 
Lace-winged Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 244 (1781): id. Gen. Hist ii. 
p. 157 (1822). 
Manilla green Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 296 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. 
Psittacus gala, Bodd. Tabl. PL Fnl. p. 17 (1783). 
Pfeittaeus pileatus, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. p. 86, n. 21 
(1786) {ex Sonnerat). # 

34. TANGYNA/rnirs. 
425 
Psittacua olivaceus, Gm. S. N. I p. 320, n. 70 (178ft) (*r Buffon); 
Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 07, n. 43 (1790); Redid. Kurze Ueb.\). 73 
(1812) ; Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1383 (1823). 

I sittacus phrygius, Skene, Gen. Zool viii, 2 p. 421 (1811). 

Aram inarginata, Less. Tr. (TOm. p. 187 (L83J). 

•Tanygnatlius 
marginatum Waql Man. IVitt p. 078 (1832); lip. 
Consp. Av. i. p. 5 (1850); id. Reo. et Mat/, cle Zool 1854, p. 153, 
n. 150; Souance, Reo. et Mag. de Zocl. 185(5, p, 209: Bp. Naumanma, 
1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 154; Mat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 2*25; 
O- R. Or. P.Z.S. 1858, p. 195; id. Cat B. New Gum. p. 00 
(1859); Rosenb. Jour. f. Orn. 1804, p. 115 ; Soma, Mtts. Nae. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 10 (1809); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL i. p. 135 
. (1880). 2 F 
Tauygnathus gala, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 420, n. 2 (1840). 
Tanygnathus macrorhynchos, part., Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. A. S. B. 

p. 3 (1849). 
Tanygnathus pileatus, Cass. Tin. St. JExpl. Exp., Birds, p. 230 (1858) 
(Sooloo Isl.). 
Tauygnathus 
lucionensis, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 07 
(1859) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 225 (note); G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 
1801, p. 430; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Eierk. I. Berigt. p. xviii 
(1803) ; Wall. P.Z. S. 1804, pp. 285, 294; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, 

ii. p. 158, n. 8247 (1870) ; Sand. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. 
p. 09 (1872) ; Ticeedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 530, 538 (Melanipa); 
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 133 (Sooloo Isl.) j Tweedd. Yoxj. Chall, 
Birds, p. 9 (1881); Kutter, Jour. f. Orn. 1882, p. 170, 1883, 
p. 294 (Sibulan, Sulu Isl.); Bias. Ornis, iv. pp. 305, 559 (1888) 
(Sanghir Isl.); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 70 (1889). 
Eclectus lucionensis, Schleg.'Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 48 (1864); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 20 (1874). 
Eclectus miilleri, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 48, n. 7 
(1804). 
Loriculus (Tauygnathus) luzoniensis, v. Mart Journ.f. Om.1866, p. 22. 
Eclectus luconensis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 302 (1868); Gieb. Thes. 

Orn. ii. p. 75 (1875). 
Tanygnatlius muelleri, Wald. fy Layard (nee Ternm.), Ibis, 1872, 

p. 95 (Negros). 
Tanygnathus luconensis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 479; id. Ibis, 1872, 
p. 324; Wald. Tram. Zool Soc. ix. pp. 133, 249 (1875); Wardl. 
Rams. Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 655 (1881); Rchnio. Jour. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 244 (Consp. Psitt. p. 132); Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. Isis, 
1884, Abh. i. p. 0; Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 310; Steere, List, p. 0 
(1890). 
Tanygnathus 
luzonensis, Brilgg. Abh. Brem. v. p. 38 (1870) (Sanghir) 
; Koch, Verz. Vogelb. aus Celebes imd Sanghir, Eebr. 1870, 

p. 
1; Salvad. Orn. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 53 (1870); Ticeedd. 
P.Z.S. 1877, pp. 755,750 (Oebu), 817 (Butuan), 1878, p. 281 
(S. Negros), p. 340 (Leyte), p. 042 (Palawan), p. 937 (Mindanao), 
1879, p. 08 (Basilan); Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 301, 410, 400, 
462, 529, 530, 544, 587, 595, 607, 028, 640 (1881); Rchmu. Vogel-
Uld. Nachtr. 02 (1883); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 325 
(1883) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 194; WMteh. Ibis, 1890, p.41. 
Tanygnathus luzoniensis, Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. i. p. 312 
(1876); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 48; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 252 
(Sulu Isl.), p. 418 (Cagavan Sulu); Everett, Ibis, 1888, p. 282 
(Mantanani Isl.); id. Jour. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 1889, p. 170. 

Tanygnatlius 
sumatranus, Prist (nee Raffl.) Cat Coll B. p. 70(
1889). 

426 
PSICTACID J2. 

Adult. Green, interscapular region and underparts yellowish 

green; forehead green; vertex, hind part of the head, and some


times also the cheeks, blue; scapulars, and sometimes also the lower 

back, tinged with blue; quills dark green, the secondaries more or less 

tinged with blue ; smaller upper wing-coverts near the bend of the 

wing black, the median ones dark blue, nearly black, with broad brown-

yellow edges; the greater upper wing-coverts blue, with yellowish-

green edges ; primary-coverts bluish green ; tail green above, 

golden olive-yellow underneath : upper mandible red, lower orange; 

iris yellowish white ; feet dusky greenish. Total length 12 to 14 

inches, wing 7*5 to 7*9, tail 5, bill 1*30, tarsus 0*G5. 

Female. Like the male, only a little smaller. 

Young. Darker green, no yellowish tinge on the interscapular 

region and lower parts; no blue colour on the head; the wing-

coverts are green, edged with greenish yellow ; the lower back is 

more or less tinged with blue ; bill red. 

Hah. Philippine Islands, including Palawan and Mantanani, and 

also the Sooloo Islands. It is not quite certain whether this species 

lives also in the Sanghir Islands. 

This species varies a good deal in size. Specimens from Manilla 

and from Sooloo Islands are the largest. A specimen from Sooloo 

Islands measures as follows:—Total length 14 inches, wing 8*3, 

tail 5-2, bill 1*45, tarsus 0*09. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Manilla. 
Gould Coll. 

c. Imm. sk. Manilla. Purchased. 
d, e. S $ ad. sk. Luzon, Jan.; Apiil (A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer). 
/, g. 6 ? ad. sk. Cebu, April (A. H.Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 

h. Imm. sk. Negros. Prof. Steere ~C". 
i, k. <$ ad. sk. Valencia, Aug. (A. H. Tweeddale Cull." 
Everett). 
I 
Ad. sk. Guimaras, March {A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer). 


m. $ imm. sk. Surigao, May (A .H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
n, o. c? ad. sk. Butuan, May (A.M. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
JO, 2 imm. sk. Zamboanga, Mav (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 

q. (J ad. sk. Malanypa. 
i ChallengerJ Exped. 
r. <$ ad. sk. Basilan, May (A.H.Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
s. <$ imm. sk. Isabella, Basilan, Dec. E. L. Moselev fC.l 
t} u. $ ad. sk. P. Princesa, Palawan, Jan., Tweeddale Coll J 
Dec. (A. H.Everett). 

v. Imm. sk. Palawan. Prof. Steere "Of. 
w, x. $ $ imm. Mantanani, Dec. 
A. H. Everett, Esq. rG.[
sk. 

y. Ad. sk. Sooloo Islands. II. Yeitek, Esq. [P.]. 
z. Ad. sk. 
Purchased. 

3. Tanygnathns megalorhynclms. 
Psittacus fuscus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 314 (17G0), 
Perroquet de la Nouvelle Guine'e, BAubent. FL Enl 713, 
Grande Perruche de la Chine, Bonn. Toy. hid. ii. p. 212 (1776). 

34. TAHTGNATinjS. 
427 
Perroquet a bee eouleur de sang, Buff. Hist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 122 
(1779); Leoaill. Perr. pi. 83 (1805). 
Great-billed Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 278, n. 80 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist ii. p. 157. 
Psittacus megalorhynchos, Bodd. Tabl. PL Enl p. 45 (1783) (ex 
JD'Aubent). 
Grisled Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 64 (1787): id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 234 (1822). 
i ^ 
Psittacus 
macrorhynchus, Gm. S. N i. p. 338, n. 110 (1788) (ex 
DAubent.); Lath. hid. Oni. i. p. 117, n. 108 (1790); Shaw, Nat. 
Misc. pi. 921 (1809 ?); id. Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 530, pi. 79 (1811); 
Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 94 (1811); Kuhl, Co?isp. Psitt. p. 37 
(1820); Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 1364 (1823); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. 

p. 734 (1831); Temm. Tabl. Meth. p. 60 (1839); S. Mull. Verh. 
Land-en Volkenk. pp. 107, 182 (1839-44). 
Psittacus nasutus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 118, n. 109 (1790); Bechst 
Kurze Uebers. p. 95 (1811); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 375 (1817). 
Mascarinus macrorhynchus, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 189 (1831). 
Tanygnathus macrorhynchus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 677 (1832); G. JR. 

Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 420, n. 1 (1846) ; Bp. Consp. i. p. 5 (1850) ; 
id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 156; id. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psiti. n. 153: Souance, Mev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, 

p. 209; Sclat. P.Z.S. 1857, p. 225; G. JR. Gr. P.Z.S. 1858, 
p. 195; id. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 60 (1859); id. P.Z.S. 1861, 
p. 436; JRosejib. Journ.f. Orn. 1862, pp. 62, 63, 64; Wall. P. Z. S. 
1863, p. 20; JRosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 141 
(partim), 142,143,144, 227 (1863); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1864, p. 115, 
n. 
24; Bernst. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxvii. pp. 295, 297 
(1864); Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489. 
Erythrostomus macrorhynchus, Sio. Class. B. ii. p. 300 (1837). 
Tanygnathus megalorhynchus, G. JR. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 67 

(1859); Sclat P. Z."S. 1860, pp. 226 j(partim), 227; G. JR. Gr. 

P. Z. S. 1860, p. 358 ; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigten, 
p. xvii (partim) (1863); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 285, 294; Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (partim) (1865); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, 
p. 16 (1869); G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 158, n. 8246 (1870) ; 
Meyer, Journ. f. Orn. 1873, p. 405; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
vii. p. 755 (1875); Brilgg. Abh. Brem. v. p. 37 (Sanghir) (1876); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 52 (1876), x. p. 26, n. 119 
(1877); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 78; Meyer, Bowl. Orn. Misc. iii. 
p. 127 (1878); id. Ibis, 1879, pp. 48 (Montahage Isl.), 145; Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 129 (1880) ; Bchmv. Voyelbild. t. xi. f. G 
(1878-83) ; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 246 {Consp. Psitt. p. 134); 
Salvad. Voy. Chall., Birds, p. 59 (1881); Meyer, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 
Wien, 1881, p. 762 (N. Celebes); Bias. Journ.f. Orn. 1883, p. 126; 
Solid. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 325 (1883); Meyer, Sitzb. u. 
Abh. Ges. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 6; Pleske, Bidl. Ac. Petersb. xxix. 
p. 523 (1884); Nehrk. Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 31; Guillem. P. Z. S. 
1885, pp. 562 (Weeda Isl.), 619; Bias. Ornis, iv. p. 557 (1888); 
Salvad. Mem. JR. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 158 (1889); Tristr. Cat 
Coll B. p. 76 (1889); Eichson, Natural, in N. Celebes, p. 158 
(Talaut Isl.) (1889). 
Tanygnathus morotensis, Schleg. JDierent. p. 70 (1864). 

Eclectus megalorhynchus, 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 46 (partim) 
(1864); id. Ned. Tijdschr. JDierh. iii. p. 184 (partim) (1866); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 351 (1868); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Bevue, p. 23 (partim) (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 75 (1875); 

428 
PS:TTACIDJS. 

Romib. Feist, ncmr Geelmnkb. p. 0 (1875); Meyer, Sitzb. Isis zu 
Dresd. 1875, p. 77; Itosmb. Zool. Gccrt. 1878, p. 345. 
Tanygnatlius megalorhynchus, var. sumbensis, Meyer, Verh. z.-b. 
Ges. Wien, xxxi. p. 702 (Suinba) (1881)*; Fchnw. u. Schai Jouni. 

f. Orn. 1883, p. 417. 
Adult. Green, underneath yellowish green ; sides yellow; feathers 
of the interscapular region green edged with light blue ; lower back 
and uropygium light blue ; scapulars black edged with blue ; quills 
and greater upper wing-coverts blue edged with green ; smaller and 
median upper wing-coverts black, the last edged witb bright yellow ; 
under wing-coverts and axillaries yellow; tail above green, with 
yellow tip, underneath golden yellow, duller towards the base : 
t% iris yellowish, with an outer ring white; bill coral-red; feet leadcolour" 
(1)'Albertis). Total length 17 to 18 inches, wing 9-4 to 
10, tail 5-9 to C-3, bill 1*78 to 2, tarsus 0*85. 

Female. Has the bill smaller than the male. 
Young. Has the scapulars and the upper wing-coverts not so black 
and more greenish, and the yellow edges of the same paler. 

Hub. Western coast of Northern New Guinea, the Western Papuan 
Islands—Mysol, Salawatty, Batanta, Waigiou, and Guebeh—the 
Northern Moluccas or the Halmahera group, and the Sanghir and 
Talaut Islands ; according to Meyer also the Togian Islands. 

a. $ ad. sk. Batanta, June. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
Salawatty (Bruijn). 
Mysol (A. F. Wallace). 
Halmahera. 
Purchased. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Purchased. 
c. c? ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g. $ ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Ternate (bought alive at), 
Kaisa Island. 
Makian (A. It. Wallace). 
Batchian. 
' Challenger 'Exped. 
Wallace Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Batchian. Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Tweeddale Coll. 

4. Tanygnathus affhiis. 
Tanygnatlius megalorhynchus 
(part), Sclat. F. Z. 8. 1860, p. 220 
(specira. ex Ceram); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (part.) (1803). 
Tanygnatlius macrorhynchos, Fosmb, (nee Gm.) Journ.f. Orn. 1802, 

p. 61 (ex Bourn, Amboyna, and Ceram); id. Nat. Tijdsch: Ned. 
hid. xxv. pp. 140,141 (partim) (1803). 
Tanygnatlius affinis, 
Wall F. Z. S. 18(33, p. 20, 1864, pp. 280, 294; 
Fmch, Neu-Gui7i. p. 157 (1805); G. F. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 158, 

n. 8250 (1870); Salvacl Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 309 (1870), 
x. p. 20, n. 16 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 132 (1880) ; 
Fchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 245 (Consp. Fsitt. p. 133); Bias. u. 
Nelirk. Verh. z.-b. Gesellsch. Wien, 1882, p. 114; Fchnw. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 03 (1883); Salvad. Mem. F. Ac. JSc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 158 
(1889). 
* Having examined two typical specimens of the Sumba bird, kindly sent 
me for inspection by Dr. Meyer, I have not been able to find any difference 
from T. megalorhynchus, and I greatly doubt whether the asserted locality 
Sumba, given on the authority of Dr. Kiedel, is correct. 
34 . TANYG^ATRUS. 
429 

Tanvgaatlius intermedius, Schleg. Bierent. p. 70 (1864). 

Eclectus affinis, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 47 (1864); Finsch, 
Pap'tg. ii. p. 355 (1868); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Pcittaci, Revue, p. 25 
(lb74); Qieb. Tkes. Orn. ii. p. 74 (1875); Lenz, Journ. f. Orn. 

^ 1877, p. 360. 
'? P&ittacus rnacrorhvnchus, Rosenb. (nee Gm.) Reis naar ZuidoostereiL 


p. 100 (Goram) (1867). 
Eclectus 
megalorhvnchus, Rosenb. {nee Bodd.) Reis naar ZuidoostereiL 
p. 125 (1867). 

Yery much, like T. megahrfojmlim, from which it differs in having 
the sc ipulars green, not tinged with black, the small upper wing-
coverts not Hack, but greenish blue, and the underparts more 
decidedly greenish, without any distinct yellowish tinge ; the under 
wing-coverts are not pure yellow, but yellowish; iris olive-yellow, 
with an outer ring whitish ; bill red; feet blackish. Total length 
15 to 16 inches, wing 9*7, tail 5*3 to 5*5, bill 1-9 to 2, tarsus 0'85. 

Hah. The Southern Moluccas—Bouru, Amboyna, Ceram, and 
perhaps also Goram. 

a. <3 ad. sk. Bouru. Wallace Coll. 
of species.) 
(Type 
b. Ad. bk. Bouru. "Wallace Coll 
c. Ad. sk. E. Ceram (A. R. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. [Xew Guinea.] Purchased. 

5. Tanygnathus subaffmis. 
Tanygnathus 
subaffinis, Sclat P.Z.S. 1883, pp. 51, 53,194,200; 
Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 431, n. 9 ; id. Natural. Wander, p. 356 
(1885); Rchnio. u. Sckal. Journ. f. Orn. 1885, p. 459; Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Ton ser. % xl. p. 158 (1889). 

Yery much like T. affinis; the interscapular region and underparts 
yellowish green; feathers of the interscapular region slightly 
edged with blue ; lower back and uropygium with the edges of the 
feathers light blue; upper tail-coverts yellowish green; scapulars 
green, tipped with blue; smaller upper wing-coverts near the bend 
of the wing blue; median upper wing-coverts green, with no black 
whatever, tipped with blue, and edged with bright yellow ; primaries 
green " iris cream-yellow, with inner ring of pale gamboge; upper 
mandible bright scarlet, lower the same with the tip [light] corneous ; 
legs and feet yellow " (Forbes). Total length 15 inches * wing 9*3 
to 9-5, tail 5-8 to 6, bill 1*8 to 1*9, tarsus 0'75. 

Hah. Tenimber Islands. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Larat Is., Timor-laut, 10th Aug. H. O. Forbes, Esq,. [O.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. 6 ad. sk. 
H. 0. Forbes, Esq. [0.]. 
* In Mr. Sclater s original description the total length is put down by mistake 
as 13 inches. 
430 PSITTACID23. 

6. Tanygnatlms miilleri. 
Fsittacus sumatranus, Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 281 (1825) ; 

Vig. Memoir Baffles' Life, p. 667 (1830). 
Psittacodis sumatranus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 576 (1832). 
Psittacus miilleri, Temm. in Mus. Lvgd.; Mull. § Sehleg. Verh. 

Land- en Volkenk. pp. 108,182 (1839-41) (Boston); Wieym. Arch, 
f, Naturg. 1842, p. 79; G. R. Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 421, n. 36 
(1846). 

Eclectus sumatranus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 418, n. 5 (1845). 
Tanygnathus macrorhynchos (part.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. 
p.*3,n. 13 (1849). 

Tanygnathus sumatranus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mits. A. S. B. App. pp. iii, 
xviii (1849) ; id. Jour. A. 8. B. xix. p. 235 (part.?) (1850) ; Bp. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 157 ; Souance', Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 1856, p. 210 ; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consj). Psitt. n. 146; 
Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. & L Co. ii. p. 608 (1856-58) ; 
Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. 46 (1857); G. R. Gr. Hand-list,ii. p. 158, 

n. 8248 (1870) ; Brugyem. Abh. Brent, v. p. 38 (1876). 
Tanygnathus miilleri, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 5 (1850); id. Compt. Rend. 
xxx. p. 136 (1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 155; 
SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 209; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 155; SouancS, Icon. Perr. pi. 45 (1857); 
Selat. P.Z.8. 1857, pp. 225,226; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 68 (1859) ; Selat. P. Z. S.1860, p. 226; Rosenb. Jour. f. 
Orn. 1862, p. 6; id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 139 (1863); 
Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dier7i. i. Berigt p. xvii (1863); Wall. 
P.Z.8. 1864, pp. 286, 294; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865); 
Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 16 (1869) ; G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 158, n. 8249 (1870); Wald. Ibis, 1872, p. 116; id. 
Trans. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 31 (1872); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 634, 
1874, p. 587; Sulvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 644 (1875), ix. 
p, 53 (Sanghir) (1876) ; Forbes, P. Z. S.1877, p. 307 ; Lent, Jour. 
f. Orn. 1877, p. 361; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 47 ; Schmidt, P. Z. S. 
1880, p. 310 ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i, p. 135 (1880) ; Tweedd. 
Orn. Works,-p. 135 (1881) -'Rchniv. Vogelbild. t. xxvii. £ 9 (187883) 
; id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 245 (Consp. Psitt. p. 133); Selat. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 325 (1883); Bias. Journ.f. Orn. 1883, 
p. 134; Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. Ms, 1884, Abh. i. p. 6; 
Gidllem. P. Z. S.1885, p. 542 (Talisse Isl., N. Celebes); Dallwitz, 
Jour. f. Orn. 1885, p. 103; Bias. Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1885, 
p. 209,1886, p. 206; id. Ornis, iv. p. 556 (1888); Tristr. Cat. 
Coll B. p. 76 (1889); Hickson. Natural, in N. Celebes, pp. 59, 8Q, 
155 (1889). 
Tanygnathus albirostris, Wall. P.Z.8. 1862, p. 336 (Celebes and 
Sula Islands), 1864, pp. 286, 294; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 157 
(1865); Selat P. Z. S. 1868, p. 262,1871, p. 494; Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1876. p. 692; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 818; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol. i. p. 135 (1880); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 544 (1881) ; 
Rchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 246 (Consp. Psitt. p. 246) (syn. 
emend.) ; id. Vogelbild. text of pi. xxvi. f. 9 (1878-83); Selat!List 

Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 325 (1883) ; Dallwitz, Jour. f. Orn. 1885, 

p. 103; Guillem. P.Z.8. 1885, p. 543; Hickson, Natural, in N. 
Celebes, p. 86 (1889). 
Eclectus miilleri, Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 48 (1864) ; id. Ned. 
Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 185 (1865) ; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 357 
(1868); Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 25 (1874); Gieb. 

34 . TANIGNA.THUS. 
431 
Thes. Orn. ii. p. 75 (1875); Lenz, Journ. f. Orn. 1877, p. 361; 
Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 275 (1878). 
Eclectus albirostris, Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 275 (1878). 

Adult. Head green; neck, interscapular region, scapulars, and 
underparts yellowish green; lower back and uropygium blue; 
upper tail-coverts green, slightly edged with blue: wings green, 
smaller upper wing-coverts and primary wing-coverts edged with 
blue, median and greater upper wing-coverts edged with yellowish 
green : under wing-coverts yellowish green; tail above green with 
the tip yellowish, underneath golden olive-yellow: bill red ; feet 
olive-green; iris white-yellow. Total length 13*5 inches, wing 8, 
tail 5, bill 1*25, tarsus 0*65. 

Young. Interscapular region and scapulars green like the wing 
no blue edges, or rarely any, to the small upper wing-coverts 
" iris yellowish white; bill horny white with a flesh tinge, ti 
dusky; feet dull olive " (A. R. Wallace). 

Hob. Celebes; and perhaps is the same bird which lives in tL, 
Sula Islands and also in the Sanghir Islands. 

I think the question regarding the white-billed birds (Tanycjnathus 
albirostris, Wall.) must be settled according to Dr. Meyer's 
views, and that they must be considered young birds. It is an 
undoubted fact that in the allied species also, T. everetti and 

T. barbidgei, red-billed birds occur, which have all the appearance 
of being fully adult, and also white-billed ones, which are 
certainly young; so that I have not the least doubt that the same 
observation holds good for T. miilleri, although some white-billed 
specimens living in confinement, as shown by Mr. Sclater (P. Z. S. 
1871, p. 494), retain their white bill for a longer or shorter period. 
Dr. Finsch assures us that he has seen living examples in the 
Amsterdam Zoological Gardens with the white bill changing to a red 
colour. A specimen at present living in the aviary of the Zoological 
Society's Gardens in London, which was registered as 1\ albirostris 
on account of its white bill, has it now red. 
The only bird from the Sula Islands in ihe British Museum has 
a white bill and the feathers of a dark green. Also a single specimen 
from Sanghir Islands, with a red bill, is remarkable for being 
much larger than those from Celebes, although apparently not fully 
adult, as the interscapular region is green with no yellow tinge; 
wing 8-8 inches, tail 5*5. 

a, b, c. S ad. et Makassar, Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
imm. sk. 

d. 
J imm. sic. Makassar, Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
(Type of T. albirostris. Wall.) 
e. Ad. sk. Menado, Celebes {A. R. 
Wallace). Gould Coll. 
f,g, 
h. Ad. et Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. 

i. 
§ imm. sk. Sula Islands. Wallace Coll. 
h. Imm. sk. Sanghir Island. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
I. Skeleton. Celebes. 
Zoological Society 
[P.J. 
)n. Skeleton. Celebes. 
Purchased. 

432 PSITTACID^. 

7. Tanygnathus everetti. (Plate X.) 
Tanygnathus sumatranus, G. R. Gr. (nee Raffl.) List Psitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 68 (Samar Isl.) (1859); id. Hand-list, ii. p. 158, n. 8248 
(1870). 

Loriculus (Tanygnathus) sumatranus, v. Mart. Journ. f. Orn. I860, 

p. 22 (partini). 
Tanygnathus niiilleri, part., Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 31 (1872). 
Tanygnathus everetti, Ticeedd. Ann. § Mar/. X. H. (4) xx. p. 533 
(1877) (Butuan, N. .Mindanao); id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 818 : Sharpe, 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 314 ; Ticeedd. Orn, WorJcs, pp. 544, 561 (1881) ; 
Wardl. Puims. Ticeedd. Orn. Wor7cs,yrQ- 655, 670 (1881) : Rchnio. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 240 (Consp. Psitt. p. 134); id. Voyelhild 
text of pi. xxvii. f. 9 (1878-83); Steere, List, p. 6 (1890). 
[dolt. AVhole head grass-green ; neck and underparts paler green, 

titly yellowish; interscapular region dark green, with the edges 

ae feathers hlue ; lower back and uropygium deep turquoise-blue ; 

m m er tail-coverts green, more or less edged with blue ; wings green ; 
smaller upper wing-coverts near the bend of the wing edged with 
hlue, all the others as well as the secondaries edged with yellowish 
green; primary wing-coverts green, washed with blue; under 
wing-coverts green, obsoletely edged with yellowish green; tail 
above green with paler tip, underneath golden olive-yellow: bill red; 
feet dark grey. Total length 13 inches, wing 7*7, tail 5, bill 1*3, 
tarsus 0*65. 

Young. Has the bill reddish white; " iris orange " (Everett). 

Bab. Philippine Islands—Samar, Panay, and Mindanao. 

Of the five specimens in the British iluseum mentioned below, 

only the first two, from Samar and Panay, have the bill red; 
the other three have it whitish : the one from Samar and that from 
Panay have the lower back and the uropygium deep turquoise-blue, 
like the type specimen from Butuan, a white-billed bird : the last 
two specimens, which apparently have been kept in confinement, 
have the blue colour of the uropygium lighter. 

a. Ad. sk. Samar. Purchased. 
b. S ad. sk.
c. $ imm. sk.
d. Ad. st.
e. Ad. sk. 
Conception, Panay, January. 
Butuan, Mindanao, May (A.
H. Everett). 
[Sumatra.] 
E. L. Moseley [C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
Zoological Society. 
Massena Coll. 

8. Tanygnathus burbidgei. (Plate XL) 
Tanygnathus burbidgei, Shmye, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 313 (Sulu Islands); 
Pchmv. u. Schal. Jovrn. f. Orn. 1879, p. 427 : Wardl. Hams. 
Ticeedd. Orn. Works, p. 655 (1881); id. Ibis, 1884, p. 470; 
Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 252 (Sulu Islands). 

Tanygnathus albirostris, part., Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 246 j 
id. Consp. Psitt. p. 134 (1881). 

Adult. Bark green; head and neck bright yellowish green; lower 
back and uropygium deep turquoise-blue; upper wing-coverts with 
very narrow yellowish-green edges ; tail above dark green, under


35 . PALiEORISTlS. 
neath dull golden olive : " iris red ; bill vermilion ; tarsus dull olive-
brown" (Gaillemard). Total length. 16 inches, wing 8*8, tail 6-2, 
bill 1*5, tarsus 0*75. 

Young. A little smaller than the adult, the head somewhat darker 
and the bill whitish. 

This is a very distinct species, resembling T. everdtl, but much 
larger and with the head lighter than the body, and no blue edgings 
to the feathers of the interscapular region. 

Eab. Sooloo Islands. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Sooloo Islands (Burbidge). H. Veitch, Esq. [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. et juv. sk. Sooloo Islands (Burbidge). H. Veitch, Esq. [P.]. 
35. PALJ10RNIS. 
Type. 
Palseomifc,, Vig. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 46 (1825) P. eupatria. 
Belocercus, Midi. § Schleg. Verh. Nat. Gesch. Nederl. 

overz. Bezitt. (Land-en Vulkenk.), p. 107 (1839-44) P. longicauda. 
Belurus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152 P. longicauda. 

Range. Africa north of the Equator from Senegambia to Abyssinia 
; Seychelles, Mauritius, and Rodriguez Islands ; India, Ceylon, 
Burmese Regions, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Cochin China, 
Hainan, S, and S."W. China, Malay Peninsula and Sunda Islands, 
Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. 

Keg to the Species. 

a. 
Head green. 
a'. A large red patch on the wing-coverts. 
a". A rose collar round the nape of the males, 
wanting in the females. 
a"'. Smaller : wing-7*8 to 8*2 inches j depth 
of the upper mandible at cere 0*73 to 
078 inch eujiatria, p. 435. 

b'". Larger : depth of the upper mandible 
0-85 to 0-96 inch. 


a4. Nape and sides of the head more or 
less tinged with glaucous grey ; 
depth of the upper mandible 0*9 .. nepalensis, p. 437. 

bK Nape and sides of the head with no 
glaucous-grey tinge. 
a"\ Depth of the upper mandible at 
cere 0*85 inch indobtirmanica, p. 438. 
b5. Depth of the upper mandible at 
cere 0*93 to 0*96 inch magnirostris, p. 440. 

b!r 

. Rose collar wanting both in male and 
female; green colour brighter and darker 
than in all the above species loardi, p. 441. 

b\ No red patch on the wing-coverts; males 
with a rose collar, females without it. 


c". Larger: wing 7*3 inches; tail-feathers 
very broad; rose collar of the male interrupted 
behind; green colour rather dark, eques, p. 442. 

VOL. xx. 
2 tf 

4<i4 
PSLETACIM;. 

d". Smaller: wing 5*8 to 6*8 inches; tail-
feathers much narrower; green colour 
paler. 


c'". Larger: wing 6'8 inches,bill 1 inch.. torquata, p. 443. 
d'". Smaller: wing5*8 inches,hill0*92 inch, docilis^ p. 447. 

b. Head not wholly green, or with no green at all. 
c'. Pileum not green, or if green no red colour 
confined to the cheeks. 
e". No frontal black band reaching the eyes. 
e"\ Upper back green. 
cK Plead red in the male, bluish in the 
female. 
c\ Under wing-coverts verditer-green; 
head bright red in the male; female 
with no red spot on the wing-
covertsd\ Under \-\ing-eo verts green; head 
rose-colour in the male; female 
as well as the male with a dark 
red spot on the wing-coverts....
dl. Head slate-grey; female with no red 
spot on the wing-coverts. 
e"\ Apical half of the two middle tail-
feathers yellow ,.
/5. Apical half of the twro middle tail-
feathers lilac/"'. Upper back more or le&s grey. 
el. An imperfect black collar round the 
nape of the male; general colour 
greenish blue-greyfl. A very distinct collar round the 
nape. 
g'\ A black collar both in the male 
and female, and a second one 
bright blue-green in the male; 
wing-coverts blui&h green with 
pale edgesh\ A broad collar on the nape green; 
like the underparts; tail above 
dark bluef\ A black frontal band reaching the eyes. 
g"\ Breast vinous-red, nape green. 
gl. Under wing-coverts vinous : larger; 
wing 8-75 inchesItl. Under wing-coverts green: smaller; 
wing 0*8 inches. 
i\ Upper mandible red and lower black 
in the male, or both mandibles black 
in the femaleh\ Both mandibles redti". Breast green, nape like the head, pure 
grey in the male, tinged with bluish 
in the female

d\ 
Pileum green; cheeks reddish, more or less 
bright. 
y'\ Primary-coverts green; forehead of the 
male dark bluish green

 cyti/iijcephala* p. 44>. 
rosa, p. 4*33. 
hchisfkejjbj p. 45G. 

jinscki, p. 458. 
ejctul, p. 450. 

perifiterode*, p. 4U0. 

calthrojxe, p. 401. 

derbyana, p. 40*3. 

fascial®, p. 404. 

alexandri, p. 468. 

canicej^, p. 470. 

modesta, p. 471. 

35 . PAL^OBNIS. 
435 

A". Primary-coverts blue. 
i'". Under wing-coverts green. 

i4*. Larger: wing 7*3 to 7*5 inches; nape 
and upper back of the male more 
yellowish and less suffused with 
lilac and glaucous tinge; female 
with the mandibular stripes black . nicobarica, p. 472. 

&4. Smaller: wing 6*7 to 7*2 inches; 
nape and upper back less yellowish 
and more strongly suffused with 
lilac and glaucous or bluish tinge; 
female with the mandibular stripes 


deep green 
tytleri, p 474. 

k'". Under wing-coverts yellow; sides of 
the head and a broad collar on the 
nape of the male pink-red; mandibular 
stripes black in the male, green in 
the female longicauda, p. 475. 

1, Palseornis eupatria. 

Psittaca Ginginiana, Bn'ss. Orn. iv. p. 048, t. xxix. f. 1 ($) (1760) 
(ex Ginginiano Regno in India Orientali). 
The Iiinff Parrakeet, Echo. Glean, vi. p. 175, pi. 292 (upper figure) 
(1700)! 

Psittacus eupatria, Linn. S. N. i. p. 140, n. 7 (1766) (ex Brisson); 
Gm. S. X. i. p. 015, n. 7 (1788); Lath. Ltd. Orn. i. p. 85, n. 11 
(1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 438 (1811); Bechst. Xwze 
Ueb. p. 66 (1812); Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 348 (1817); id. Enc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1387 (1823). 

Psittacus alexandri, Scop* (nee Linn.) Annus I. Hist Nat. p. 29 
(1769); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 97, n. 46 (syn. emend, et excl. var.) 
(1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 423', pi. 61 (1811); Bechst. 
Kurze Ueb. p. 75 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 30 (1820): Vieill. 
Enc. Mtth.m.. p. 1388 (partini) (1823); Voigt, Cui\ Uebers. 

p. 727 (1831). 
Perruche de Gingi, Daubent. PL E?il. 239 (young). -
Perruche a collier des Isles Maldives, Daubent. PL Enl. 642 
(6 ad.). 

? La Perruche a collier de l'Isle de Lucon, Sonn. Toy. a la Nouv. 
Guin. p. 80, pi. 43 (1776); Wald. Tr Zool. Sac. ix. p. 138 (1875); 
Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 305 (1881). 

La Grande Perruche a collier d'un rouge vif, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois 

vi. p. 114 (1779). 
La Grande Perruche a ailes rougeatres, Buff. op. cit. p. 126 (1779^. 
Gingi Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 209 (1781) {id. Gen. Hist ii. p. 113, 
with var. A, p. 114 (1822). 
Alexandrine Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 234 (ad.) (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist ii. p. 159 (with var. A) (1822). 
? Blue-collared Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 234 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 161 (1822), 
? Psittacus guianensis, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. p. 86, n. 20 
(ex Sonnerat) (1786). 
? Psittacus sonneti (sic), Gm. S. N. i. p. 324, n. 72 (1788) (ex 
Sonnerat). 
? Psittacus 
sonneriti, Lath. Ind. Orn. I p. 98, n. 47 (1790); Bec^vt. 
2*2 

436 
PSIITACIDJE. 

Lath. TJeb. p. 76 (1812); Vieilk A. D. xxv. p. &>o (1817); id. 
JSnc. Meth. iii. p. 1385 (lb23). 
La Grande Perruclie a collier, Levaill. Perr. i. p. 88, pi. 30 {$ ad.) 
(1801) (Indes Or. et Ceylan). 
La Perruche a epaulettes rouges, LevailL Perr. ii. p. 8, pi. 73 ($ 
ad.) (1805). 

Palreornis alexandri, Tig. {nee Linn.) Zool. Journ. ii. p. 49 (1825); 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 1215 (1826) (Cevlon); Wagl. Jfon. 
PsitL p. 506 (1832); Selb. Xat. Libr., Parrots, p. 72, pi. 2 (1836); 
? Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 208 (1840) ; Earth tSymt. Verz. Ge*. 
Mus. p. «4 (1844) ; G.R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 409, n. 1 (1^46): 
Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 4, n. 16 (partim) (1840): Bp. 
Consp. Ai\ i. p. 2 (partim) (1850J ; Eelaart Prodr. Faun. Ceyl. 

p. 127 (1852); Layard, Ann. $ Mag. S. E. (2) xiii. p. 2t>2 
(1854): Eartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 158: Bp. Iter, et Mag.de 
Zool. 1854, p. 152, ii. 137; Souanee, Per. et Mag. de Zool. 1&56, 
p. 157; Bp. Naumannia, 1850, Consp. Psitf. n. 136 (partim); 
Eorsf. § Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Camp. ii. p. 010 (1«56-5M ; 
G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 18 (partim) {lfcoHi: Jwd. B. 
qflnd. i. p. 256 (partim) (1862); Blyth, Ibis, lfcOO, p. 1 (partim); 
Finsch, Ned. Tijdsehr. Bierk. i. Berigt. p. ix {partim) (1803); 
>S'e£%. ifeTw*. P.-U. Psittaci, p. 16 (partim) (1564): >S**ma. Mu<. 
Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 14 (lb09); Eoldsio. P. Z. S. 1^72, p. 425 
(Ceylon only); Eutt Sir. Feath. i. p. 333 (1873): ? Garrod, 
P. Z. S. ISTS, p. 465, 1874, p. 587; Legge, Ibis, LH74, p. 14 
(Ceylon); ? Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 35 (1&74); 
PGtoJZw. P. Z. &'l875, p. 489; Schmidt, P. Z. ff. 1880, p. 300; 
Scfcrt. £w$ fan?. An. 8th ed. p. 320 (partim r) (1883). 
Oonurus alexandri, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 214 (1831). 
Palseornis cucullatus, Lear, Parr. pi. 32 (1832); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. 


ii. p. 409, n. 2 (1846). 
Palseornis 
eupatria, Lieht Xomencl. Av. p. 71 (1854); G. 12. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 142, n. 8049 (partim) (1870); Hume, Str, Feath. 

ii. p. 86, n. 147 (1879): Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 75 (18^9). 
Palseornis 
eupatrius, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 11 (IbOb); Hume, 
Str. Feath. i. p. 433 (Ceylon) (1873), ii. pp. 9, 10 (1674); 
Wald. Ibis, 1874, pp. 278, 280, 282; Legge. Str. Feath. iii. p. 199 
(1875); id. Ibis, lb75, p. 282; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 8 (partim) 
(1877); Legge, B. Ceyl. p. 168 (1880); Rehmo. Yoaelbild. t. y. 
figs. 1, 2 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 234 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 122); Park. Ibis, 1886; p. 183: Oates, Xests $ Eggs 
Ind. B. iii. p. 82 (partim) (1890). 

Adult male. Above grass-green, brighter on the forehead and 
lores and darker on the wings ; beneath dingy green, a little brighter 
on the abdomen and under tail-coverts ; a faint blackish stripe from 
the nostrils to the eye; occiput and cheeks pervaded with a greyish-
blue tinge; broad black mandibular stripes passing down and 
across the sides of the neck, where they meet a rose collar which 
encircles the hind neck; on the secondary wing-coverts a dark red 
patch; greater under wing-coverts and quills underneath slate-
grey ; central tail-feathers passing from the green base into blue 
and thence into yellowish at the tips; under surface of the tail yellowish: 
"legs pale yellow, with a bluish-grey inner circle; biH 
deep cherry-red, paler on the lower mandible, the tip somewhat 
yellowish; feet sap-green or plumbeous grey" (Legge). Total 

35 . PALiEOEISTIS. 
437 
length 18 to 19-5 inches, wing 7'8 to 8-2, tail 11 to 12, bill 1*3, 
depth of upper mandible at cere 0*73 to 0-78, tarsus 0-75. 

Adult female. Wants the black mandibular stripes and the rose 
collar. Total length 17 to 18 inches, wing 7*5 to 7*8, tail 9 to 10, 
greatest depth of upper mandible 0-7. 

Young male. Similar to the female in plumage, but generally 

larger. 
Hal. Ceylon. 
a. Ad. sk. 
h, c. S ad. sk. 
d. J imni. sk. 
e,f. $ ad. et 
imm. sk. 
q, h. Ad. sk. 
i. Ad.sk. 
k. Skeleton. 
Calapetya, Ceylon. 
Ragam Oorale, Ceylon, July 
(Hart Brothers). 
Ceylon. 
Ceylon, July, October. 
Ceylon. 
[Saigon, Cochin China * J 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
W. V. Legge, E,q. 
PP.]Tweeddale 
Coll. 
M. Pierre [0.]. 

2. Palseornis nepalensis. 
Palaeornis 
nipalensis, Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 177 (1836); id. 
Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844); Licht. Nommol. Av. p. 71 (1854) 
(Nepal); Hmne. Str. Feath. vii. p. 458 (1879), viii. p. 86, n. 
147 ter (1879); Mchuo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 235 (Consp. Psitt. 

p. 123); id. Vogelbild. Nacktr. 56 (1883); Oates, B. Brit. Bum. 
ii. p. 140 (1883); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 75 (1889). 
Palseornis alexandrinus, Blyth, Ann. & Mag. N. H. xii. p. 90 
(1843). 
Palseornis 
alexandri (part), Jerd. Madr. Jour. xi. p. 208 (1840); 
Gray {nee Linn.), Cat. Hodgs. Coll B. Mus. p. 112 (1846); Blyth, 
Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 4 (1849) (Nepal); Burgess, P. Z. S. 1854, 

p. 256; Horsf. 8f Moore, Cat. B. Mus. B. I Comp. ii. p. 610 
(1856-58) (Nepal); Philipps, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 99; Adams, P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 490, 1859, p. 173 (Cashmere); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. 18 (1859); Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 213; Jerd. B. Ind. 
i. p. 256 (part.) (1862); Blyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 1 (part.); Gray, Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll. B. Mus. 2nd'ed. p. 61 (1863); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 76 (part) (1864); Beav. {nee Linn.) Ibis, 1865, p. 409 
(Maimbhoom); Tytl. Ibis, 1868, p. 201; Brooks, Ibis, 1869, p. 47; 
Beav. Ibis, 1809, p. 410; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 14 
(1SG9). 
Palasornis eiipatriiib (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 10 (1868); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. Iii. p. 8 (1877); Oates, JSTests $ Bggs Ind. B. iii. p. 82 
(partim) (1890). 

Palaeornis eupatria (part.), G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 142, n. 8049 
(1870); SwinJi. 8f Barn, {nee Linn.) Ibis, 1885, p. 62. 

Palffioriiis sivalensis, Hutt. Str. Feath. i. p. 335 (1873); Hume, Str. 
Feath. ii. pp. 9, 10,11 (1874), iii. p. 200 (note, iris white), vi. 
pp. 117, 118 (1878): Legge, B. Ceyl p. 169 (1880). 

Palseornis sacer, Hutt. I c. p. 337 (1873). 

* This specimen lived in the Zoological Garden at Saigon, where most 
likely it had been brought from Ceylon. 
438 
PSITTACIBJC. 

Palseornis pimjabi, Hutt. 1. c. p. 338 (1873). 

Palajorais \indbiana, Suit. I e. p. 338 (1873). 

Palseomis eupatrius vel sivalensis, Ball, Sir. Feath. ii. p. 389 (Chota 

Nagpur) (1874). 

Adult male. Yery much like the male of P. evpatria but larger, 

and with the head, especially on the occiput and cheek*, tinged 

more or less with bluish grey. Total length 2< > to 21 inches, wing 

s-5 to i), depth of the upper mandible at base (H). 

Adult femail. Differs from the male, wanting the black man


dibular stripes and the rose collar. 

Bab. North and Central India. 

a. 2 imin. &k. Mt. Abo (Dr. Newman). Hump C\ 11. 
b. Ad. sk. Rokilcund (Capt. S. PLtiriU). Tweeddale Cull. 
c. Ad. sk. Kangra. 
Hume Coll. 
d. e. d ad. sk. Jhelum District, Nov. (A. O. Hume Coll. 
/. d ad. sk. Deecan (Sykes). India Ma=pum "P.". 

(f. d ad. sk. Dehra Dhoon, Sept. Hume Cull. 
%-l d J ad. sk. Dhoon below Mu&soree. Hume Coll. 
m-s. <$ J ad. sk. Kaladoongee. Hume Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. Kumaon. 
India Museum JP.J 
u. ? ad. sk. Kumaon. Hume Coll. 
v-y. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, E-q. 
z, a'. Ad. sk. Nepal (B. H. Hodgson)* India Museum JPA 

V, o'} d'. d 2 Nepal, Dec. (J". Scully), Hume Coll. 

ad. sk. 

e'. Ad. sk. Bootan. India Museum T1V. 
/'. d ad. sk. Maimbhoom, Feb. {JR. C. Tweedddle Coif. 
Beavcoi).

g', h'. Ad. sk. Kamptee. Dr. B. Ilinde JP.\ 
V'. d ad. sk. Mliow, Dec. Colonel Swinnoe 

k', I'. Ad. sk. Kliandeish. India Mu-euni JP. . 
m'. Ad. sk. Khandeish, Tweedclalp Colir 
w'. § ad. sk. Kliandeish, March (J. Dltnd-Hume Coll. 

SQn ). 

o'. d ad. sk. Sanibulpur, Jan. Hume Coll. 
p'-w', d $ ad. sk. Raipur. Hume Coll. 
,c'. Skeleton. B. II. Hods>on, Esq. 
rp.'. 
//. Skeleton. 

3. Palaeomis indobnxmanica. 
Palaeomis 
alexandri (part.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. A. S. B. p. 4 
(1849) (Tenasserim); Horsf. # Moore, Cat B. Mm. KL Comp. 

ii. p. 010 (1856-58) (Tenas-erim): Gould, P Z. S. 1850, p. 151 
(Siam); Jerd. B. of hid. i. p. 25(5 (1802) (North Burmah only); 
Blyth, Ibi% 1863, p. 1 (partim); Schley. Mas. P.-B. Psittaci, 
pp. 76-80, n, 4 (Moulmein) (1864): Schomh Ibis, 1864, p. 264 
(Siam); Beav. Ibis, IfcGO, p. 411 (Burmah): Blyth (neeLinn.), 
B. Burm. p. 54 (1875). 
35 . PALJDORNTS. 
Pal»oi-nis neglectus, Blyth*,Me Schlegel Mm. P.-P. Psittaci, p. 80, 

n. 4 (1864) (Mtmlmem). 
'* ' 
Palseornis eupatrius (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 11 (1868); 
Walcl B. Burm. p. 55 (1875); Anders. Yunn. Exp. p. 567 
(1879). * L 

Palseornis magnirostris, Hume (nee Ball), Str. Feath. iii. p. 55 (1875) 
(Pegu) ; Armstr. §• Hume, Str. Feath iv. p. 307 (1876) 
(Rangoon); Oates, Str. Feath. v. p. 113 (1877) (Pegu); Wardl 
Bams, Ibis, 1877, p. 453 (Tonglioo and Eangoon); Hume $ 
Davis, Str. Feath. vi. p. 117 (1878) (Tenasserim); Legge, B. 

^ o/CeyZ. pp. 169,170 (1880). 
? Palseornis nipalermR Hume (nee Hodgs.), Str. Feath. vi. pp. 117, 
118(1878). 

Paleeorais 
indoburmanicus, Hume, Str. Feath. vii. p. 459 (1879) 
(Sikhiin Terai and Burmah), vii. p. 86. n. 147 quat. (1879); 
Bingham, Str. Feath. ix. p. 159 (1880) (Tenasserim); Bchnw, u. 
Schal. Jour. f. Orn. 1880, p. 195; Bchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 235 (Consp. Fsitt. p. 123); Dates, Str. Feath. x. p. 189 (1882: 
Pegu); id. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 139 (1883); Bchnw. Voc/elbild. 
Nachtr. 56 (1883); Hu?ne, Str. Feath. xi p. 54 (1888); Tristr. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 75 (1889); Murr. Arnf. of Brit. Ind. ii. p. 465 (1890). 
Palasomis indoburmaiiica, Salmd. Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen, (2) iv.p. 573 
(1887) (Bhamo), v. p. 539 (1888) (Tenasserim). 

Adult male. Like the male of P. magnirostris, but the bill 
generally not so deep and strong; depth, of the upper mandible at 
cere 0*85. 


Adult female. Differs from the male, wanting the black mandibular 
stripes and the rose collar. 
Hah. Indo-Burmese Begion, from Sikkim to Tenasserim, and 
eastwards as far as Cambodia. 

This is a species "far exceeding the Cinghalese P. eupatria 
in size, is wanting the glaucous grey-blue tinge on the nape and 
sides of head of true P. nipalensis, and is wanting the huge bill of 
P magnirostris'7 {Hume)\ but still it cannot always be readily distinguished 
from P. nepalensis, especially as two forms have been 
merged by Hume in P. indoburmanica, one of which, the northern 
one from Sikkim and also from Bootan, has the mandibular stripes 
broader than in the Burmese form, and the yellow tinge at the base 
of the throat, also on the breast, is absent or nearly so, while in 
some specimens of the southern form from Burma it is almost as 
bright as in P. magnirostris. 

a, b. <$ 5 ad. sk. Near Darjeeling. Hume Coll. 
c-p. d $ ad.sk. Bhotan I)oars, Jan., Feb., Nov., Hume Coll. 
and Dec. (X. Mandelli). 

q. S ad. sk. Assam. 
India Museum [P.], 
* I have not been able to find Btyth's original reference, which is not in 
vol. xxviii. for 1859 of the ' Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal,' as quoted 
by "l>r Finsch. The only allusion to this name which I have been able to 
find is'that by Schlegel; and if it could be shown that Biyth e*er published the 
name with a description, it would havs priority over Pcdeornin indohi/
rmamca, Hume. 
440 
PSITTACIDJC. 

Tweeddale Cull 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

E. 
W. Oates, Esq. 
[PA 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Huni^ Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

J. Anderson ~C.\ 
J. Anders m ~C."\ 
Purchased. 
r. $ ad. sk. 
«-*/• 6 J ad. sk. 
s,a',b'.c$$ ad. 
sk. 
c\ $ ad. sk. 

d'. 2 ad. sk. 
e'-k'. d $ ad. sk. 

H, m'. <$ 2 ad. 
sk. 
w'. d ? ad. sk. 

o'. c? ad.sk. 
p'. S ad.sk. 
§'. c? ad. sk. 
r'-a". 6 $ ad. 

sk. 
Z>", c". d ? ad. 
sk. 
d". d ad. sk. 
en-h". $ $ ad. 
sk. 
*",/'. c??ad. sk. 

N. Kliasia Hills, Dec. (A. W. 
Clienndl). 
Oaehar, January (/. Inglis). 
Thatone, December (IF". 

Davison),

"Wimpong, December (TV. 

Davison). 
Moulroein, April (W. Davison). 
Aniheivt/ Jan., Dec. (7T. 

Davison). 

Pahbyouk, Attaran Disk, 
llarcli (IT. Davison).

Yeaboo, Attaran River, March 

(W. Daiison). 
Weppitan, Dec. (J. Darling). 
Thayetmvo. 
TongbooJ Oct. (B. W. Oates). 
Tonghoo, Jan., Dec. (B. G. 
W. B.). 
Pegu. 

Pegu, Maxell (R W. Oates). 
Lower Pegu, Feb., March, & 
Sept. 

Rangoon, Oct. & Dec. (JR. G. 

W. B.). 
h"~p". S 2 a^. sk . Elephant Point, Jan. & Dec. 

(J. Armstrong).
q". Ad. sk. Khykehto, February (W. Davison). 
r". d ad. sk. Theinzeik, January (W. Davison). 


s'\ $ ad. sk. Salween River, January (IV. 
Davison). 
t",u". <$ $ ad.sk. Bhanio, Upper Burmah, Jan. 

& Feb. 

v". (S ad. sk. Tsitkan, Upper Burmah. Feb. 
to". Ad. sk. Cambodia "". 

4. Palseornis magnirostris. 
Palseornis alexauclri, Blyth (nee aitct.), J. A. S. B. xxviii. p. 413 
(1859) (Audamans); Ibis, I860, p. 187; Blyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 1 
(Andaman Islands only), p. 869, 18iit>, p. 358; Beat, (/tec Linn) 
Ibis, 1867, p. 319 (Ai.daman Isl.); Ball. Str. FeatL i. p. UO (1*72; 
(Andamans). 

Palseornis magniro&trib, Ball, J. A. & B. xli. p. 27'8 (1*>72) (Andamans); 
Hume, Str. Featk. ii. pp. 9, 10, 17(5 (partiui) (1874) 
(Andamans only); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. b'10 (1877); Hume, 
Str. Feath. viii. p. 86, n. 147 bis (1679); Legt/e, B. of Ceyl. 
pp. 169, 170 (1880); Ilehmv. Joura. f. Orti 1881, "p. 235 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 123); id. Vogelbild, Xaehtr. 56 (1883); Oates, 

B. Brit Burm. ii. p. 149 (1888) (Andaman Isl.). 
* The bird from Cambodia has a good deal of grey on the hind part of 
the head. 
441 

35 . PALJ30ENIS. 
Palseornis eupatrius, Finsch (nee Linn.), Papag. ii. p. 945 (1868); 
Wold, (nee Linn.) Ibis, 1873, p. 297 (S. Andaman); Ticeedd. 
Orn. Works, p. 235 (1881). 

Adult male. Yery much like the male of P. eujpatria, but has the 
"bill larger and stronger; the red patch on the wing-coverts generally 
brighter; below the nape and above the rose collar there is a 
narrow blue collar more or less conspicuous : " iris bright yellow ; 
cere yellow; bill bright red, the tip yellow; eyelids pale pink, the 
edges orange; legs orange-yellow" (dates). Total length 22 to 21 
inches, depth of the upper mandible at cere 0*93 to 0*96. 

Adult female. Differs from the male, wanting the black mandibular 
stripes and the red collar. Size rather smaller. 
Hah. Andaman Islands. 

a-d, <$ $ ad. sk. Mount Harriet, Andamans, Hume Coll. 
March & Dec. (W. Davison). 


e. $ imm. sk. Aberdeen, S. Andamans, Hume Coll. 
September (W. Davison). 
/ . Ad. sk. Port Blair, S. Andamans. Hume Coll. 
g-lc d S ad. sk. Port Mouat, S. Andamans, Jan. Hume Coll. 

& April (W. Davison). 
?, m, n. $ 5 ad. S. Andamans, June & SeptemHume 
Coll. 
bk. ber (W.Davison). 
°? Pi %> 6 S a<i« 


S. Andamans, Jan. & Feb. Tweeddale Coll. 
(R. G. Wardlaw Ramsay). 
sk. 

S. Andamans, March, April, Tweeddale Coll. 
r-u. <$ $ ad. sk. 

& Xov. (R. J. Wimberley). 

v. 2 ac^-sk* Port Blair, S. Andamans, Feb. Tweeddale Coll. 
(R. J. Wimberley). 
w. Imm. sk. Oocos Island, April (R. G. Sharps Coll. 
Wardlaw Ramsay). 
.v, y. S ad. et Gt. Cocos, March (W. DaviHume 
Coll. 
9 imm. sk. son). 


5. Palseornis wardi. 
Palseornis wardi, 
E. Newt. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 346; id. Ibis, 1867, 
pp. 341, 359; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 945 (1868); Schley, et Poll, 
Rech. Faun. Madag. p. 157 (1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 143, n. 8059 (1870); Newt. Ibis, 1872, p. 34; A. $ E. Newt 
Ibis, 1876, pp. 282, 288, pi. vi. (tf&2); Gieb. Thes. Orn. in. 
p. 11 (1877); Hartl. Toq. Madag. p. 224 (1877): Oust. Bull. Soc. 
PJiilom. Paris, 1878, p. 165; Rc'hnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 235 
(Consp. Psitt p. 123); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 57 (1883); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll B. p. 75 (1889). 
Adult male. Grass-green; occiput and nape tinged with bluish ; 
an obscure black line from the nostrils to the eyes, a broad black 
mandibular stripe passing down and across the side of the neck; 
on the secondary wing-coverts a dull red patch; two central tail-
feathers light blue, edged with yellowish green, especially at the 
tip ; lateral tail-feathers green, those next to the central ones 

442 
PSITTAOIDiE. 

slightly tinged with, blue on the outer web ; the inner web of the 
lateral tail-feathers 3Tellowish green; tail underneath yellowish; 
undcrparts yellowish green: bill red; feet dusky grey. Total 
length 16 inches, wing 7*75, tail 9, bill 1*4, tarsus 0*75. 
Female. Wants the black mandibular stripes. 
Hah. Seychelles. 
This species differs from P. eupatrius and allies in wanting 
the rose collar. 

a. [$]ad. bk. Mah6, Seychelles, March. Canon Tri-tram "P.". 
b, c. Ad. *k, Seychelles, May (E. M. Shelley Coll. 
Warry), 

6. Palseornis equ.es. 

P.sittaca 
borhonica torquata, Brian. Orn. iv. p. §2% pi. xxvii. f. 1 
(1760) (Bourbon). 
Psittacus alexandri, var. y, Linn. JS. N. p. 142 (1760). 
Perruche a collier cle Plsle de Bourbon, Daubent. PL Enl. 215. 
Permche a double collier, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p, 143 (1779) ; 
Levaill Pery. pi. 39 (1801). 
Alexandrine Parrakeet, Tar. C, Double-ringed Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. 

i. p. 320 (1781); maw, Gen. Zoo!, viii. 2, p. 525 (1811). 
Psittacus eques, Bodd. Tabl PL Enl p. 13 (1783). 
Psittacus alexandri, Tar. 8, Gm. S. N. i. p. 321 (1788); Lath. 2nd. 
Om. i. p. 98 (1790); Tieill. N. P. xxv. p. 345 (1817). 
Psittacus seimrostris, Herm. Obs. Zool. p. 125 (1804). 
Pbittacus bitorquatus, Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 92 (1820). 
Rose-ringed Parrakeet, Tar. B, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 161 (1S22). 
IMttacus bicollaris, Tieill Ene. Meth. iii. p. 1385 (1823). 
Paloeornis bitorquatus, Tig. Zool Journ. ii. p. 51 (1825); Stepli. 
Gen. ZooL XIT. p. 127 (1820;; Bp. Per. ei Hag. de Zool 1854, 

p. 152, n. 139 ; Souance, Pev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 158; Bp. 
Naumaunia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 138; id. Compt. Pend. xLiv. 

p. 538. 
Palseornis cubicularis, part., Wagl Moiu Psitt. p. 507 (1832). 
Palseornis torquatus (part.), G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 409, n, 3 
(1846); ? Schleg. et Poll Peck Faun. Madag. p. 157 (Mauritius) 
(1868). 
Palreornis borbonicus, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 152, n. 140; 
id. Naamannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 140. 
Palseornis eques, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 20 (1859); E. 

p. 
1876, pp. 283, 284, 289; GieKTIies. Orn. iii. p. 8 (1877); Hart! 
Tog. Madag. p. 222 (1877); Oust. Bull. JSoe. Philom. Paris, 1878 


p. 166; Pehiw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p.238 (Consp. Psitt. p. 126) • 
id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 59 (1883). ' 
Palseornis echo, A. Newt. Ibis, 187G, p. 284 (Mauritius). 

Adult male. Green, the occipnt tinged with bluish; a narrow 
black stripe from the nostrils to the eye: broad black mandibular 
stripes passing down and across the sides of the neck, where they 
meet a rose collar, not quite complete behind; under wing-coverts 

35 . PAIuTSOHNIS. 
443 

yellowish green; central tail-feathers scarcely tinged with bluish ; 
tail underneath }ollowish: upper mandible iod, under inaudible 
reddish black; iris yellow ; naked skin round the eyes orange ; 
feet dark grey. Total length 14*3 inches, wing 7"3, tail 7% bill 
0-95, tarsus 0-6. 

Female. Differs from the male in having no bluish tinge on the 
occiput, no rose collar, and no black mandibular stripes, there being 
only a trace of the latter of a dark-green colour ; as in the male, 
there is a black narrow stripe from the nostrils to the eyes : the 
central tail-feathers are tinged with blue, more conspicuously than 
in the male, at least in the specimen examined ; bill entirely dusky 
black. Dimensions as in the male, but the bill a little smaller 
(0-92 inch). 

Hab. Mauritius. 
This species is very similar to P. torquata, from which it differs 
in being larger, of a darker green colour, and in having the tail-

feathers broader. 
a. $ ad. sk. Mauritius. Purchased. 
b. J ad. sk. Mauritius. Purchased. 
o, d. $ J ad. <k. Mauritius (Bewsher). Shelley Coll. 

7. Palseornis torquata. 
? The long-tailed Green Parrot, Echo. Glean, iv. pi. 175 (1751) 
(West Indies) ; Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 230 (without var. A) (17M); 
id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 153 (1822). 

Psittaca, Briss. Orn.iv. p. 319 (1760). 

Psittaca torquata, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 323, n. 55 (1700). 

Psittacus alexandri (part.), Linn. S. N. i. p. 141 (1700). 

? Psittacus rufirostris, Linn. S. N. i. p. 143, n. 18 ($) (1700) 

(America); Gm. S. N. i. p. 323, n. 18 (1788); Lath. Lid. Orn. 

i. p. 95, n. 39 (without var. 0) (1790); Bevhst. Lath. Uehers. 
p. 73 (1811); KM, Consp. Psitt. p. 20 (1820) ; FieilL line. Meth. 
iii. p. 1401 (1823) ; Toigt, Cuv. Ueb. p. 729 (1831). 
? Psittacus krameri, Scop. Annus I. Hist. Nat. p. 31 (17(59). 
La Perruche, D'Aubent. PL Ent 550 ( 2). 
La Perruche a collier, D'Aabent. PL Enl. 551 (rf). 
La Perruche a collier couleur de rose, Biff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. 
p. 152 (1779). 
Le Sincialo, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 205. 
Alexandrine Parrakeet, var. A, Hose-ringed Parrakeet, Lath Syn. L 
p. 235 (1781). 
Psittacus toimiatus, Boild. Tab!. PL EnK p. 32 (1/8:1); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 30 (1820); Foigt, Cuv. Ueb. p. 727 (1831); Sundry 
Physiogr. Saltsk. Tidsto: 1837. p. 173; Thienem. Fortpji. d. ges. 
Fog. p. 73 (1840). 

Psittacus alexandri, var. ft Gm. S. N. I p. 321 (1788); Lath Lid. 
Om. i. p. 98 (1790). 
Psittacus manillensis, Bechst. Stubenvog. p. 012 (1794); id. Lath. 
Ueb. p. 75, n. 50 (1811); HaJin, Orn. AtL, Papag. p. 17, t. 0 (J) 
n R°i4-) 
Alexandrine Parrakeet, Lath ty/w. Suppl. ii. p. 80 (1802). 

444 P&ITIUTDJC. 

La Pemiche a collier rose, Levaill Perr. pi. 22 (<5), pi. 23 (vuuhii*) 

(1801). 
La Perruche Sincialo, Lecaill Perr. p. 42 (2 ) (1501). 
LaPerruclie souifie, Levaill Perr. pi. 43 (^ar.) (1501). 
Sulphur Parrakeet, £$«?£, Gen. Zool Yiii. 2, p. 42- (1811) : Lern\ 

Parrel. 33(1832). 
P&ittaeus sineialo, Shaw, Gen. Zool. A iii. 2, p. 441 (1811). 
Rose-ringed Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hint. ii. p. 100 (1^22). 
Palaeornis torquaui?, Tig. Zool. Jour a. ii. p. 50 (part.) (1^25); Sf<*ph. 

Gen. Zool xiv. 2, p.* 127 (1820); FranM. P. Z. S. 1-31, p. ILO; 
%te, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 96 (Dukhim) ; McClell P. Z. S. 1-30, 

p. 105; ih«/j, J. A. S. P. Yiii. p. 1007 (1^:}0> (Oxu-j : ^n ?. 
Madr. Jour a. xi. p. 207 (1840); Blyth, Ann. .V Mr*/. X. II. \ii. 
p. 90 (1840); PVer, P. J£. S. 1842, p. 92; ,S'/nVA7. P. /. 6'. 1-42. 
p. 167 ; Hodgs. Gray's Misc. p. 85 (1844) : <T/YO/, Cat. Ht>d<p. Co// 
P. J/wfi. p. 113 (1546); G. P. G?\ <9<?/*. P. ii. y. 400. n. 3 ipartim) 
(1840); Blyth, Cat. B. Mvs. A. S. B. p. 4 < 1*40): id. J. A. S. B. 
xix. p. 231'(1850): Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Ceyl. p. 127 (1-52, : 
Layard, Ann. # Mag. X. II. (2) xiii. p. 202 (1854); Bvrq. P. Z. X 
1854, p. 250; Theobald, J. A. S. B. xxiii. p. 596(1854/; Hart I 
Journ. f Orn. 1854, p. 158; Bp. Per. et May. dc ZULL 1^54. 
p. 152, n. 138; Chesney, Journ. of the Euphr. Exped. i. pp. 443 
537 (Syria !); Souance, Per. et May. de Zool. 1850, p. 157 : Up. 
Xaumannia, 1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 143 ; Horsf ^* Moore. Cat 
B. Mus. E.I. Comp. ii. p. 011 (1856-5^); Philippe P. Z. S. 1-57. 
p. 99; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 490, 1859, p. 173 (Cashmere); 
Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 453; G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. 
p. 19 (1859); Irby, Ibis, 1801, p. 218 ; Jerd. B. of Lul i. p. 257 
(1802); Blyth, Iks, 18C3, p. 2 ; Ftnsch. Xed. Tijdsehr. Dierh. i. 
Berist p. ix (1863) ; Schley. Mus. P-B. P&ittaci, p. <x0 (paitiraj 
(1804); Park. P. Z. S. 1805, p. 2^8; Beav. ibid. p. 091: id. Ibis, 
1865, p. 409, 1807, p. 320; Layard, B of S. Afr. p. 320 <n..te) 
(1807) ; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 17 (partini) (1508); Hume, Ibis, 
1869, p. 4; Sousa, Mus. Xac. Lisb. P-ittaci, p. 14 (1569) ; Bh/th, 
Ibis, 1870, p. 102; G.R. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 142. n. -051 (1-70) ; 
Anders. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 679, 1872, p. 80; IlJd^ic. P. Z. S. 1572, 
p. 425; Ehves, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 601: Hume, Sir. Ftath. i. p. 170 
(SincUi) (1873) ; id. Xe^s $Eays, p. 116 (1873J; Lloi/d, Ibi\ 1873, 
p. 407; Hume, Str. Feath. ii. p. 13 (1*74); Ball. ibid. p. 389 
(Chota jNTaapur); Leyye, Ibis, 1874, p. 14; If'aid. Ibis, 1874, 
p. '282; Schley. Mm. P.-B. P-ittaci, lie cue, p. 35 (part.) 11574) ; 
Gulliv. P. ZlS. 1875, p. 489 ; Blyth, B. of Burm. p. :>j \ 1575): 
Leyye, Ibis, 1875, p. 282 ; Hume, Sir. Feali. iii. p. 5«j (Petui) 
(1*75); Bidl Str. Feath. iii. p. 457 (Mount Aho.> end X. Gnz» nit) 
(Lb75); Gitb. The*. Orn. iii. p. 11 (part.) (1877); ll'ardl Hams. 
Ibis, 1877, p. 453 (Karen Hills); Gates, Str. Fftth. v. p. 144 
(1877): Hume & I)wi\ Str. Feath. vi. p. lib (1-7-) : Hume, Str. 
Feath. viii. pp. 51, bO, n. 14b (1^79); Scull?/, Sir. Feath. \iii. p. 240 
(Nepal) (1879); Schmidt, P. Z S. 1880, p. 309; L^yp. B. uf 
Ceyl. p. 171 (18^0) ; Pchmr. ToqeMd. t. T. f. 7 (l-78-b3) ; id. 
Journ.f. Orn. 18bl, p. 235 (Comp. Psitt. p. 124); Salv. Cat. B. 
Stricld. Coll p. 457 (part.) (1-82); Oates, Str. Feath. x. p. 1-0 
(Pegu) (1882) j id. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 141 (1883); Selat. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 321 (18S3); Sicinh. fy Barn. Ibis, 1885, p. 02 : 
Park. Ibis, 1886, p. 183; Simdev. Ibis, 1886, p. 454; Hume. Str. 
Feath. xi. p. 54 (1888): Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 75 (lb89): Murr. 
Avif. of Brit. Ind. ii. p. 467 (1890); Gates, Xest< & E/ys Ind. Bt 

iii. p. 86 (1890). 
445 

35. PAL^EOENIS. 
Conurus rufirostris, Less. Tr. dJOrn. p. 213 (1831); Le Maout, HisL 

Xat. Ois. p. 97 (1853). 
Conurus torquatns, Less. Tr. cVOm. p. 215 (1831). 
Palseornis cubicularis, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 507 (1832) (syn. emend.). 
Psittaciis torquatus luteo varians, Bourj. Perr. pi. 2 (1837-38). 
? Palseornib bitorquatus, Blyth (nee Kuhl), Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 4 

(1849). 

Palseornis layardi; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 341 (1849) (Ceylon) 
; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 152, n. 142; G. P. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 20 (1859); Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, 
p. 15 (1869); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 143, n. 8060 
(1870). 

Palseornis freoatus (part.), Liclit. Nomencl. Av. p. 71 (1854). 
Palseornis torquata, Beav. Ibis, 18(39, p. 410; Bayard, Ibis, 1869, 

p. 45(5 (\ar.); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 634,1874, p. 587; Parker, 
Ibis, 1883, p. 193. 
Adult male. Green ; the hind part of the head with a bluish tinge 5 
a black line from the nostrils to the eye; a rose collar encircling 
the neck, except in front; broad mandibular stripes passing down 
and across, the sides of the neck, where they meet the rose collar; 
imderparts green, tinged with greyish on the breast; under wing-
coverts yellowish green; central tail-feathers bluish, the others 
yellow on the inner web and greenish on the outer one, all 
tipped with yellow : " bill red, brownish at tip ; cere grey; 
legs ashy; iris pale yellow; edges of the eyelids pale orange " 
{Gates). Total length 16 to 17 inches, wing 6*8, tail (J-D to 10, 
bill 1, tarsus 0*65. 

Female. Wants the black loral line, and also the black and rose 
collars and the black mandibular stripes; an indistinct collar of 
emerald-green round the neck. Size a little smaller than the 
male. 

Hah. The whole peninsula of India, Ceylon, and the Indo-Burmese 
countries, as far as Cochin China {Dr. Tiraud). 

a. Iinni. sk. Kashmir (Bellew). India Museum [P.], 
b. <$ ad. sk. Lawrencepur, Punjab, March Tweeddale Coll. 
(P. G. W. P.). 
c. S ad. sk. Hyderabad, Sind. India Museum [P.l 
d. Ad. sk. Shikarpore {Br. Griffiths). India Museum [P.J. 
e,f. 
S $ ad.sk. Banks of Indus, near Sukkur, Hume Coll. 
Dec. (A. O. H). 


g. 6 ad. sk. Jhelum, Nov. {A. O. H.). Hume Coll. 
h-n. S 
$ ad. sk. Sambhur, July, Au<r. Sept., Hume Coll. 
Nov. (P. M. Adam). 


0. Ad. sk. Moultan. Gould Coll. 
p-s. 6 ? ad. et Gurgacm, Jan. (W. N. Chill). Hume Coll. 
imm. sk. 
t <$ ad. sk. Kangra Valley, May. Hume Coll. 


u. Ad. sk. Dehra Dhoon. Gould Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. Kimiaon {Capt Straehey), India Museum [P.]. 
to. <$ ad. sk. Kumaon. Hume Coll. 
x, y. (S ad. sk, Etawah, October. Hume Coll. 
s, a'. Ad. sk. Kamptee. Dr. B. Ilinde [P.]« 
44(5

V, S ad. sk.

c\ $ ad. &k.

d', e'. Ad. sk.

f'-k\ Ad. sk.
'l!. Ad.st.fvar.).

m'-iJ. Ad. sk.

*', £', u\ Ad, sk.
i',«c'. d ? ad.

bk. 

JL\y',z\ <$ ? ad.
sk.
a". Ad. bk.

^'-/"". c? 2 acl.

sk.
</'', h",i". Ad. sk.
ti'-n". <$ $ ad.

sk.
°"iP"' S 2 ad.
sk.
q.h-y"' 6 2 ad.

sk.
z". 2 ad. sk.
a\ b1, c\ cJ $

ad. sk. 
cT\ ez. § ad. sk.
f\ S ad.sk.

(/>, h\ 3 9- ad.

sk. 
i\lc\ l\ Ad. sk.
mK 3 ad sk.

?r, o3,/A Ad. sk.
qJ-w\ 3 $ ad.
sk.
a?. 3 ad.sk.

y\ 3 ad. sk.

s',**1. Ad. bk.
bK J ad. sk.
c1-/4. 3 2 ad.

sk. 
<yJ7 7*1. 3 2 ad.
.sk.
i'-p1. 3 $ ad.
sk.
q\r\ s\ 3 ?ad.

tl 

. 3 ad.sk.
w». cf ad. sk.
v\wK 3 2 ad.

&k.

 PSIJCIACIB-E. 

 Umballah, Sept. (A. C. Mam- Twesdciale Coll. 
gay). 
Umballali,NoT. [B, C. BeavanU Tweeddale Coil. 

 N.W. Provinces. Tweeddale Coll. 
Himalayas {Griffith*). India Museum [P/ \ 
X.India. J. K. Treves, Esq. 
Nepal. B."H." Hudgsoa, E&q. 

 Nepal (Hodgson). India31 i^nm ~P/. 
Nepal, Dec. (Jl *Sfc%». Hume Cull. 

 Darjeeling Terai, Feb. dc March Hume C« 11 

 (X. McuuMU). 
Buxa Dear*. January {L, JlrniBhotan 
Doar-, April fZ. Mandelli). 
As-am {MeClellandu 
Suddya, As^am, April, June 
(J". Cockbiirti). 

 N. Khasia Hills, Maruh {A. W. 
Chennell). 
Dibrugbur, April to December

 (J. M. Cripjn), 
Cacliar (J. Inglis). 
Dacca. 
Calcutta, December. 
Mhow, December.

 Seoni.

 Deccan (Syl^). 
Khandei-h, Nnv. (J. Dautl^oti .


 KLtndei-L

 AlimediiiULM*. Ani!.» Sept.. Oct 
(& i?. Fairbonk). 
Maunbhoom, December (it. (\
Beavctn). 

 Muddur, Mysore, August.


 Malabar. 
Travancore, November. 
Anjango, Travancore, Dec.


 Ragam Corale, Ceylon, Decernber 
(Hart Brothers.). 
CeUon, April, July, Nov.

 (B. Chapman). 
Upper Burmah, Jan. & &mfc

 Thayetmyo, Sept. (R.G.W.M.)* 
Thayetmyo. 
Lower Pegu, Jan. & Oct.


 Hum* < oil. 
llnm^ < nil 
Iadia Mw urn ~P.\ 

 Hume t'oil. 
TwtnlfLik Cull. 
Hume Coll. 
Ihmw Cull. 

 Humo Coll. 
Hum** C**1L 
UalmA Sninhoe 
"IV. 
Hume C< ii. 
h.dki M'l^um IV. 
Kmu*» t t II. 

 Twe tl*I il»* Oil 

 TmiidiLsIe Ct 1. 

 Twetddal** Coll. 

 W, ikai^m* Esq. 

P.*. 

 Iwcnldale Coll. 

 Bourdill'in X*."1. 

 Hume Vi It 

 Hume Coll 

 Tweeddole Coll. 

 J. And* r-oa» E^fl. 
Twe^ddal** Coll. 
Hume ColL 

 E. W. O&tea, Enq. 

a. 
ar4. Ad. sk. Pinang. India lluseuHI I\K\ 

35 . PAL.SOENIS. 447 
if.
z\ 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. 4: 
rLuzon.]. 
Poit Elizabeth *. 
M. Atklin, Esq.. [P.]. 
J. 0. Ttickard, Esq. 
«5 . Ad. sk. (yellow var.). 
[p.]. 
Zoological Society's 
6\ ^ad. sk. (var. with 
a black head). 
c5,d~J 
7e5 . Skeletons. 
/ 5 , ff\ Bones of the trunk. 
Coll. 
Zoological Society's 
Coll. 

8. Palseornis docilis. 
Psittacus cubicularis, Hasselq. Reise nach Palabtina, p. 292 (176i}) 
(Ethiopia). 
Psittacu* docilis, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 343 (1817) (Senegal); id Em. 
Metli. iii. p. 1384 (1823). 
Psittacus frenatus, Ittig. Mus. Berol; Licht. Verz. Doubt p. 6 (1823) 

(Africa). 
Palseornis inornatus, Tig. Zool. Jour. v. p. 274 (1830) ($ , Africa). 
Palseornis torquatus, Denk. § Clapp. {nee Linn.) Narr. Trav., App. 

p. 
197 (1826) (Coast of Senegal, Central Africa); Rum. Nene 
IVirbelth. pp. 62, 63 (1833); toe. B. of West Afr. ii. p. 174, fig. 
on the frontispiece (.1837) ; Allen <V Thorns. Narr. Exped. Niger, 
I p. 311 (184b); Strickl. P. Z.S. 1850, p. 219 (Kordofan); lleugl 
Uebers. p. 46 (1855); Hartl. Jour. f. Orn. 1854, p. 195; Brehm, 
Jour. f Orn. 1855, pp. 485, 486, 1857, pp. 84, 88, 381,383; 
Hartl. Orn. West-Afr.y. 166 (1&57); Brehm, Join n.f. Orn. 1858, 
pp. 404, 40b : HartL Journ.f. Orn. 1861, p. 262; Brekm, Joum.f. 
Om. LbB2. pp. 37,294,305; Brehm, Habesch, p. 362 (1863); Schley. 
Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, p. 80 (partim) (1864); Hartm. Jour. f. Orn. 
1864, pp. 144, 227; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 17 (partim) (1868); 
Finsch, Trans. Zool Sue. vii. p. 280 (1869) (Anseba); Blyth, Ibis, 
1870, p. 162; Finsch u. Hartl. Fog. O.-Afr. p. 871 (1870); Blanf 
GeoL # Zool. of Abyss, p. 305 (1870); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. 
2, p. clvii (1871); tichleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 35 
(paitim) (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 11 (partim) (1877); Peh. 
Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, pp. 153, 615 (Central Africa). 

Palseornis 
ctibieularis, Rupp. Syst. Ueb. p. 95 (1845) (Kordofan, 
Senaar, Abyssinia); Hartl. tojst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 84 (1844); 
Ferret et Galin. Voy. Abyss, iii. p. 188, n. 27 (1847); lleugl. 
Jour. f. Orn. 1862, pp. 37, 294, 305; Brehm, lllustr. Thierl. i. 

p. 67 (1865) ; Antin. e Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. iv. p. 404 
(1873). 
Psittacus torquatus, Lefevre, Abyss., Ois. p. 128 (1845-1850), 
Palseornis parvirostris, Bp. Rev. etMag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, n. 141 

(descr. nulla); SouancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 157 (Abybbinia); 
Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 139 (Atysbinia) ; 

G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 19 (1859); Soma, Mus. Nac. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 14 (Mozambique!) (1869) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 142, n. 8058 (1870). 
* The bird from Port Elizabeth agrees with the Indian specimens, and we 
learn from Layard (B. of S. Afr. p. 230, note) that Palcsornib torqmta has been 
introduced into South Oape Colony and breeds there. 
PSITTAC1DJE. 

Palaeorais doeilis, Bp. Compt. Bench xliv. p. 588 (1857); G. B. Gr. 
List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 19 (1859); Bocage, Av. Boss. Port i. 


p. 15 (1867); Heugl. Peterm. Geogr. Mitih. 1609, pp. 413. 415 ; 
tiousa, MILS. Nac. Lisb. P*ittaci. p. 14 (1S69): G. It Gr. Handlist 
ii. p. 142, n. 8050 (1870); Skarjje, Cat Afr. B. p. 19 (1871) ; 
Bocage, Joum.f, Or a. 1876, p. 435 ; Rchuc. Jovrn.f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 236 (Consj). Psitt. p. 124); id. TogelbiW. Xacktr. 59 (16^3); 
ticlat LH Vert. An. 8tli ed. p. 321 (18S3): Horttrt, Joum.f 
Om. 1886, pp. 574, 59S (XIsrer-Bentie); Tristr. Cat. Coll. 3. p. 75 
(18&9). 
Psittacus eubiculaiis, Heugl. Jour. f Orn. l^tJ3, pp. 102, 163: 

Antin. Joum.f. Orn. 1860, p. 172. 
Pbittacus cubieulartis, Antin. Cat. p. 1 (1864;. 
Pakeorhifc torquata, Heugl Orn. X.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 73 s (1671 j: 

Hartl. Abh. Brem. viii, p. 212 (1882): 8karj)e, Jour. Linn. 8»c, 
Zool. xvii. p. 429 (1884 j (Central Africa J. 

Very much like P. torcprata, hut has shorter wing^ and smaller 
bill. Wing 5*8 inches, bill 0*92. 
Hah. Tropical Africa, north of the Equator, from Aby<*inia to 
Smegambia. 
The AYest-African birds have the bill a little larger than the 
Eastern ones, which have been distinguished as P.parviro^tfi*. Bp. 

a. d ad. sk. Anseba Valley, July. W. T. Blanford, E*q. 
b9 e. Ad. sk. Anseba River (Esler). Sharpe Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Anseba River {Bsler). Shelley Coll. 
e,f, g. 6 2 
ad. Bejook, July (W. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. 


h. Ad. sk. Niam-Xiani Country. F. Bolmdorff, E-q. ~C.]. 
i, k. Ad. sk. Senegal. * J. Puliiain. ll^q. P'.V 
I Ad. sk. Senegal. J. Pulbam, E*q. ^P.l. 
m, n. Ad. sk," Senegal (Z. Laglaize). Tweeddale Coll. ~ 
o. Ad. sk. R. Gambia. Sharpe Coll. 
j). Ad. sk. R. Gambia. Purchased. 
g, r, s. Ad. sk. Gambia (Copt. Moloney). Shelley Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. Fantee (Aubi/in). Sharpe Coll. 
u. Skeleton. 
9. PalsBornis cyanocephala. 
Psittaca ginginiana erythrocephalos, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 346, t. xxix. 

f. 2 (1780). 
Pbittaca cyanocephalos, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 859, t. xlx. f. 2 (2) 
(1760). 
Psittacus cyanocephalus, 
Lhin. 8. K i. p. 141, n. 10 (17G6) {ex 
Brisson); Gm. 8. N. i. p. 310, n. 10 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. 

p. 80, n. 14 (1790); Beckst. Lath. Uebers. p. 67 (1811) j Yieilh 
Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1392 (1823). 
Perruche a tete bleue des Indes Orientales, UAubent. PL Enh 192 

Perruche a tete rouge de Gingi, D\4.ubent PL Enl 264 (<J). 
P.sittacus purpureus, Mull. 8. N. 8uppL p. 74, &d (1776); Cass. Pr. 
Acad. Nat. 8c. Philad. 1864, p. 239; Wald. in BlytK's B. of 
Barm. p. 6Q (1875), 

35. PALJEOENIS. 
? La Perruche a tete rouge de Tlsle de Lucon, Sonner. Voy. a la 
Nouv. Gum. p. 79, pi. 42 (1776). 
La Perruche a tete rouge, Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. vi. p. 144 (d) 

(1779). 
La Perruche a tete bleue, Buff. op. cit. vi. p. 145 (J) (1779). 
Blue-headed Parrot, Lath. Sgn. i. p. 211, n. 13 (1781) ($); Shaw, 

Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 427 (1811); Lath. Gen. Mist. ii. p. 119, with 
var. A (1822). 
Blossom-headed Parrakeet, Lath. Sgn. i. p. 239, n. 39 (1781) (<$): 
id. Gen. Mist. ii. p. 164 (1822). 
Psittacus signatus, Scop. Bel Flor. et Faun. Imubr. p. 86, n. 19 
(1786) (ex Sonnerat). 

Psittacus erythrocephalus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 325, n. 74 (1788); 
Bechst. Lath. Uebers. p. 76 (1811); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 728 
(1831); Hahn, Orn. AtL, Papag. p. 57, t. 41 (d ad.) (1836). 

Psittacus ginginianus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 99, n. 50 (1790) 
(without var.); YieilL Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1393 (1823). 
Psittacus rhodocephalus, Shaw, Mus. Lever, tab. 45 (1792) ; id. Nat. 
Misc. pi. 877 (1809 ?); id. Gen. Zool. viii, 2, p. 434, pi. 52 (1811). 
? La Perruche a tete bleue dans son jeune age, Levaill. Perr. pi. 26 
(1801) (ex ave doniefacta ?) *. 
La Perruche fridytutah, Levaill. Perr. ii. p. 10, pi. 74 (tf ad.) 

(1805). 
La Perruche a collier jaune, Levaill. Perr. pis. 75, 76 ( 5) (1805). 
Pbittacus flavitorquis, Shaw, Gen*Zool. viii. 2, p. 439 (1811) (ex Le


uaillant). 

Psittacus annulatus, Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 77, pi. 7 (1811); Kuhl, 
Comp. PsitL p. 31 (lb20); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 728 (1831). 
Psittacus flavicollis, Vieill. N. JD. xxv. p. 345 (1817) (ex Levail


lanty, id. Bne. Mith. iii. p. 1385 (1823). 
Psittacus bengalensis, Kuhl (nee Gm.), Comp. Psitt. p. 32 (1820); 

Bourj. Perr. pi. 1 ( ^ ad.) (1837-38). 
Yellow-collared Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 160 (1822). 
Palseornis flavitorquis, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 51 (1825): Steph. 

Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 127 (1826). 

Palseornis erythrocephalus, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 53 (1825) (syru 
emend.); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 127 (1826); ? Licht. Nomencl. 
Av. p. 71 (1854) (E. India). 

Palseornis flavicollaris, Vig. Philos. Mag. $• Ann. of Philos. 1830, 

p. 455; Frcmkl. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 120 ($); Bwer, P. Z. S. 1842, 
p. 92. 
Conurus erythrocephalus, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 215 (1831); Le 
Maout, Hist. Nat Ois. p. 97 (1853). 
Palseornis bengalensis, 
Franhl. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 120; Wagl. Mon. 
Psitt. p. 515 (part., 1832); Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 208 (1840) ; 
? Stricld. P. Z. S. 1842, p. 167; Blgth, Ami. $ Mag. N II. xii. 

p. 90 (1843); Haril. Sgst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 409, n. 5 (partini) (1846); id. Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll. B. Mus. p. 113 (partim) (1846); Burg, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 25(5; 
Gr. Cat. Hodgs. Coll B. Mus. 2nd ed. p. 61 (1856); id. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 20 (1859) ; Wald. Ibis, 1874, p. 285 ; Tioeedd. 
Om. Works, p. 278 (1881). 
Palseornis cyanocephalus, 
Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 517 (1832); Strichl. 
Ann. $ Mag. N. H. xiii. p. 33 (1844); Blgth, Cat. B. Mus. 

* It looks to me made up with the body of a Palcsomis and the head of a 
Trichoglossus nova hollandim. 
VOL. xx. 
2G 

450 
PSI1IAOIDJ3. 

A. S. B. p. 5, n. 21 (1849); id. J. A, S. B. xix. p. 232 (1850); 
Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Ceyl. p. 127 (1852); La-yard, Ann. § Mag. 
N. E. (2) xiii. p. 264 (1854) ; Earth Journ. f Orn. 1854, p. 158, 
B. p. lxiii; Bp. Bei\ et Mag. de Zooh 1854, p. 152, n. 45; 
Soaa?ice, Bev. et Mag. de Zooh 1856, p. 158; Bp. Xamnannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt n. 142; Eorsf. $ Moore., Cat. B. Mas. E. I. 
Comp. ii. p. 616 (part) (1858-58f; Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 538 
(1857); Philipps, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 99: Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, 
p. 490,1859, p. 173; Earth Journ. f Orn. 1659, p. 289; Irby, 
Ibis, 1861, p. 218; Finsch, Papag: ii. p. 40 (1808) (svn. emend.); 
Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, PsittacI, p. 15 (1869); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
iii. p. 8 (partim) (1877); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1579, p. 300; Legge, B. 
of Ceyl p. 174 (1880); Bchnw. Togellild. t. v. If. 5, 6 (Ib7b-b3) ; 
id. Journ. f Orn. 1881, p. 237 (Consp. Psitt. p. 125); Park Ibis, 
1886, p. 183; Eume, Str. Feath. xi. p. oo (Ibbb). 
I'Paheornis erytlirogenis (sic), Bourj. Pen: in the text of pi. 1 

(1837-38;. 
Pal&ornis rhodocephalus, Eodgs.. Grays Zooh Mi&celh p. 85 (1844), 
Palseomis ro&a, G. R. Gr. (nee Bodd.) Cat. Eodr/s\ OAL Brit. Mus. 

2nded. p. 21 (1856); id. List Psitt. Brit 3fu>. p. 21 (1S59); 
Jerd. B. of hid. i. p. 259 (partim) (16*32; : Blyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 4 
(partim); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. P.-ittaei, p. 81 (1^64); Bern*. Ibis, 
1865,i). 409; Pelz. Ibis, ISm, p. 319; id. Journ. /. Orn. l^fo, 

p. 35 ; ? Soma, Mus. Nac. Lhboa, Psittaci, p. 15 (IbV/J}; Bh/ih, 
Ibis, 1870, p. 162 (part); Anders. P.Z.S. IbTl, p. 079; jerd. 
Ibis, 1872, p. 6; Holdsic. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 425 (Cevlon;; Lfoijd, 
Ibis, 1873, pp. 399, 401, 407; Legge, Ibis, 1874, p.* 14; Ilohhw, 
Ibis, 1874, p. 125; Wold. Ibis, lb74, p. 2bo; Gould, B. of A*ia, 
vi. ipl. 2 (pt. xxvi., 1874); Schieg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Lterue, 
p. 35 (1874); Legge, Ibis, lb75, p. 2b2; Blyth, B. of Burmah, 
p. 
06 (1875); Tioeedd. Orn. Works, p. 27S (lbbl) ; :-Salt-. Cat. 
B. Stridd. Coll. p. 457 (1862); Mum Avif. of Brit. Lid. ii. 
p. 468 (1890). 
Palseornis 
purpureus, G. P. Gr. Hand-Ik t^ ii. p. 142, n. b054 
(1870); Hume, Neds and Eqgs. p. 1115 (1^73); id. Sir. Feath. i. 

p. 433(1873), ii. pp. 9, 15*{lb74); Bail. Str. Feath. ii. p. 390 
(1874); Brooks, Str. Feath. iii. p. 232 (1675); Bid/fir, Str. Feath. 
iii. p. 457 (1875); Eume, Str. Feath. x. p. 21 (1>77); Cripps, 
Str. Feath. yii. p. 261 (Eastern Bentral) (187t\; Eume, ibid. 
(note); id. Str. Feath. via. p. 80, n. 149 (1879,; Stcinh. $ Barn. 
Lbis, 1885, p. 62; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 75 (1889); Gates, Xests $ 
Eggs Lid. B. p. 87 (1890). 
Palseornis cyanoeephala, Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1879, p. 211. 
PalsBorois purpnrascens, Marsh. Ibis, IbB-i, p. 410 vChamba). 


Variety with a yellow spot on the wing. 

Blue-headed Parrakeet, Bdio. Glean, ii. p. 175, pi. 292 (lower 

%ure) (1760). 
Psittaca cyanocephalos Indica, Briss. Orn. vi. App. p. 129 (1760). 
Psittacus alexandri, -\ar. 8, Linn. S. Is", i. p. 142 (1766). 
Perruche a tele d'azur, Buff. EisL Nat. Ois. vi. p. 148 (1779). 
Alexandrine Parrakeet, var. D, Azure-headed Parrakeet, Lath. Sun. 

i. p. 237 (1781). 
Psittacus alexandri, var. e, Gm. S. N* i. p. 321 (1788). 
Psittacus indicus, Lath. Lid. Orn. i, p. 86, n. 15 (1790); Beehst 
Kurze Uebers. p. 75 (1812). 

35. PAL^OKNIS* 
451 
Perruche a epaulettes jaunes, Levaill. Perr. pi. 61 (1801) (Ternatel). 
Psittacus xanthosoinus, JBeaJist Lath. Uebers. p. 74, pi. 5 (ex Levaillant) 
(1812); KM, Consp. Psitt. p. 34 (1820). 
Psittacus ternatensis, Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 346 (1817) lex Levail


kmt); id. Una. Meth. iii. p. 1386 (1823). 
Azure-headed Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 120 (1822), 
PalcBornis xanthosomus, Via. Zool. Jour. ii. p. 52 (1825): Steph. 

Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 127 (1826). 

Pakeornis cyanocephalus, G. £. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 21 
(1859) ; id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 356; id. Hand-list, ii. p. 143, n. 8061 
(1870) ; Salvad. Oni. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 326 (1880). 

Yellow Variety, 

Jonquil Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 83, pi. 123 (1802); Shaw, 
Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 427 (1811); Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 143, 
pi. 23 (1822). 

Pbittacus narcissus, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxi (1801); Vieill. 

N. B. xxv. p. 353 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1391 (1823). 
Adult male. Olive-green; head red, tinged with plum-bloom on 
the hind part and on the lower cheeks ; black mandibular stripes 
joined to a narrow black collar; hind neck and rump verdigris-
green ; back and scapulars olive-green; breast, abdomen, and 
under tail-coverts yellowish green; wings green, upper wing-
coverts slightly edged with verdigris-green ; a dark red spot on 
the middle wing-coverts ; quills dusky internally, and with a narrow 
yellow outer margin; axillaries and under wing-coverts verdigris-
green ; central tail-feathers blue, washed with green at the base 
and with the tips white, the next pair more green towards the 
base, the others green on their outer webs, yellow internally; 
tail underneath mostly yellowish: iris white or yellowish white; 
upper mandible orange-yellow, lower mandible blackish; feet 
dusky sage-green. Total length 14-15 inches, wing 5'6, tail 8-9, 
bill 0-7, tarsus 0*5. 

Female. Smaller than the male; the head dull plum-blue, more 
greyish on the forehead and cheeks; a yellow collar, broader on 
the sides of the neck; no black collar and no black mandibular 
stripes; no red patch on the median upper wing-coverts : upper 
mandible yellow, lower dusky or blackish. 

Young, Green, brightest on the rump and lower back, paling 
slightly on the forehead; a slight indication of a pale green collar 
on the nape; central tail-coverts washed with blue; bill greenish 
yellow. 

In the next stage the forehead becomes paler and the head 
bluish, with a dusky edge bordering the lower mandible; the 
middle rectrices are blue, as in the adult, but with less of the 
white colour at the extremity (Legge). 

Hab. Ceylon; Southern, Central, the whole of Northern and 
Western India, and the Himalayas as far east as the Dhoon. 

a. 
Ad. st. India. J. P.. Peeves, Esq. 
[P.]. 
b-e. S $ ad- e t Ceylon, Nov. (Hart Bros.). Hume Coll. 
imm. sk. 
2G2 


452 

f-p* <$ $ ad. sk. 
q, r, s. £ ad. sk. 

t-y> 6 $ ad. sk. 
%. <$ ad. sk. 


a'-d'. 6 $ ad. et 
imm. sk. 
e'. <$ ad. sk. 


f. Ad. sk. 
g\ <$ ad. sk. 
h'9 i',k'. $2 ad. sk. 
I', tf imm. sk. 

m'f n'f o'. S 5 a(L fek. 
2>r, q', ?*'• ? ad. sk. 
sf. cS imm. sk. 

V. $ ad. sk. 
u', v'. $ ad. sk. 
to'. Ad.sk. 
x'. (S ad. sk. 


y\ Ad. sk. 
25'. Ad.sk. 


a". ? ad. sk. 
b", c". Ad. sk. et st. 

d". c? ad. sk. 
e". d" imm. sk. 
/'-&". d1 $ ad. sk. 

2"-^"- c? $ ad. et 

imm. sk. 
q"-f. 6 ? ad. sk. 
u". d ad. sk. 


vv-x". S $ ad. sk. 
y"-&\ Ad. sk. 
c3. J imm, sk. 

iT. c? ad. sk, 

e\f. 6 $ ad. sk. 
gz. tf ad. sk. 


k3 

. (S ad. sk. 
£3-m3. tf $ ad. sk. 


n3. & ad. sk. (var.). 
o3. c? ad. sk, 
i>\ ?3- o* ? ad. sk. 
r3. Ad. ?k. (var.). 
s*. c? ad. sk. 

PSITXACIDJE. 

Ceylon (Neville). 
Pusiawella, Ceylon^ March & 
Dec. (S. Chapjmn). 

Ceylon. 
Ceylon, November. 


Anjango, Travancore, Dec. 


Calicut, March (B. G. W. B.\. 
Malabar. 
Cannanore, Oct. (B. G. W. B. I. 
Nilghiris, April. 


Coonoor Ghat, Sept. (JR. G. 


W. 22.). 
Seegore, February. 
Kufiar, October (W. Davfecn). 
Xeliacotta, March (W. Bad-
son), 
Manantoddy, May ( W. Davison). 
Wynaad, April ( W. Damon t. 

X. Canara, April. 
Belgaum, 
August (Cttpt, 
Butler). 


Western Ghats. Deccan 
(St/kes). 


Madras (B. M. Adam). 
Madras. 


S.E. Berar, January. 
Xagar, Aug. (S. B\ Fairbank). 
Khandala, April, May {S. B. 
Fairbank). 

Ahmednugger, Oct., Dec. (& 

B. Fairbank). 
Seoni. 
Maunbhoom, Dec. (B. C. 


Beaum). 
Khandeish, Dec. (J, Darklmn). 
Khandeish. 
Manpore, May. 

Mhow, Oct. 

Godra-Pauch Mehals, Sept. 
Mt. Aboo, May (Capt. liirtler). 
Oodvpur, Feb: (A. O. IL). 
Sambhur, May, June (B, M. 

Adam). 

Delhi. 
Delhi, Sept. (W. X CMl). 
Hissar, Oct. 
Pind Dadun Khan, Feb. 
Simla. 


Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweerldale Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 

W.T. Legge,Esq. 
yr. 

Hume Cull. 
Twe^ldale CHIL 
Twee« Idait* Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
W, Davis M7 Esq. 

IK-

Tweeddale Coil. 

Hum*' Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Cull. 

Hume CtilL 

Hum*' ('* »1L 

Hiieie Coll. 

Hum*'(ML 

Gould Coll. 

India ^laaiiiiii 

rp.". 

Ifume ColL 
Rtv. II. Baber 

:K-

Hume ColL 

Twetdddt* ColL 

Tweeddale ColL 

Tweeddale C dl. 

Hum*' Cull. 

Tweeddalu Coll. 

Huim* Cull. 

Tweeddale ColL 

CoL Swinhoe 

IK-

CoL Swukhoe 

y.\ 

Hume Cii.L 
Hume C*>li 
Hume Cull 
Humo ColL 

Huxue Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume ColL 
I fume Poll. 
Hume ColL 


i\ Ad. sk 

«3. d ad. &k. 
»3. <J ad. sk. 
a?8. Ad. sk. (var.). 

•i\ Ad.fck. 
^, =3- d ? ad. &L 
< 61. d ad. sk 
c1. Ad. sk. 
<?', a', /. Ad. et 

imm. sk. et st. 
gK Ad. sk. (var.). 
AW*. Ad. sk. 

ml. Ad. sk. 

14 S. o1/^1. (5 ad. et 
imm. *k. 
tf-u1. d $ ad. sk. 

r1, Skeleton. 

35 . PAXJBOENIS. 
X. of llussooree. 
Dehra DJioon, Feb. (G. King). 
Gangootree Valley, May ( W. 
B. Brooks). 
Kumaon (Strachey). 
X. India. 
EtawaL 
Cawnpore, Feb. ( W. U. Brooks). 
Plains of India \Capt. S. Pin-
will). 

Behar. 

India. 
Xepal. 

Xepal (B. H Hodgson). 

Xepal, Xoy. & Bee. (J. 

Scully). 
Bhotan Doars, Jan. & Feb. 

(L. Manchlli). 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


India Museum 

PP.]. 
Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

B. H. Hodgson, 
Esq. [P.]. 
Purchased. 

B. 
H. Hodgson, 
Esq. pp.]. 
India Museum 
[P.]. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Zool. Soc. Coll. 

10. Pals&ornis rosa. 
Rose-headed Ring Parrakeet, Edic. Glean, pi. 233 (1758); Lath. 
Syn. I p. 239, n. 39 A (1781;. 

Psittaca bengalensi&, Briss. Orn, iv. p. 348 (1760). 

Pwruche de ATah$, JDAubent. PL Fnl. 888 (d ad.). 

La Petite Perruclie a tete couleur de rose a longs brins, Buff. Hist. 
Nat. Ois. vi. p. 154 (1779). 

Psittacus rosa, Bodd. Tail. PL Bnl. p. 53 (1783); Wald. B. of 
Burm. p. 56 (1875). 

Psittacus bengalensis, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 325, n. 74 /3 (1788); Vieill. 
Enc. Miih iii. p. 1392 (1823); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 728 (1831) 
Swidev. Physiogr. Sidlsh Tidskr. 1837, p. 175. 

Psittacus ginginianus, var. ft Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 100 (1790). 
f La PeiTuche a collier noir, LevailL Perr. i. p. 130, pi. 45 (<$) 
(1801). 
? Psittacus erythroeephalus, Kuhl (nee G?n.), Consjp. Psitt. p. 31 
(1820). 
f Pals&ornis bengalensis, Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 54 (1825); Steph. 
Gen. Zool. xlv. % p. 128 (1826). 
Palseornis bensralensis (part.), Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 515 (1832); 

G. R. Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 409, n. 5 (part.) (1846); Gray, Cat. 
ILodgs. Coll. B. Mm. p. 113 (part.) (1846) j LichL Nomencl. Ac. 
p. 71 (1854); Q. R. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 142, n. 8053 (1870); 
Jerd. Bis, 1872, p. 6; Hume, Str. Feath. i. p. 433 (1873), ii. 
pp. 9,16 (1874), iii. p. 56 (1875); Armstr. Btr. Feath. iv. p. 308 
(1876); Hume, Sir. Feath. v. p. 21 (1877); Oates, Str. Feath. \ ii. 
p. 46 (1878). 
Paweornis cyanocephalus (part.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mtis. A. S. B. p. 5, 
n. 21 (1849); Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 150 (Tavoy), p. 151 
(Siam): Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 40 (part.) (1868); Wald. Ibis, 
1874. p. 284 (part.); Blyth $ Wald. B. of Burmdh, p. 55 (1875); 
454 PSITTACllLffi. 

? Stein*. Ibis, 1875, p. 123; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 8 (part.) 
(1877); David et Oust Ois. Chine, p. 3 (1877); Hume $ Bams. 
Str. Feath. vi. p. 118 (1878) ; Anders. Tunn. JSapcd. p. 568 
(1879); Hume, Str. Feath. "viii. p. 86, n. 149 bis (1879); Bingh. 
Str. Feath. ix. p. 160 (1880); Oates, B. of Burin, ii. p. 145 (1883); 
T*. Cat. Coll B. p. 75 (1889); Murr. B. of Brit. hid. n. 

p. 467 (1890); Oates, Nests 8f Fggs Ind. B. iii. p. 88 (1890). 
Parrakeet from near Canton, Szvinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 411. 
Palaaomis rosa, Jerd. B. of Ind. i. p. 259 (part.) (1862); Sicinh. 
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 259; Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 353 (part.), 1870, 
p. 162 (part.); Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 391; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 300; Bchmv. Jour. f Orn. 1879, p. 211; Legge, B. of Ceyl 
p. 175 (1880); Bchmv. Voc/eMd. t. xiii. f. 5 (1878-83): id. Jour. 
f Orn. 1881, p. 238 (Consp. Psitt p. 126); Sclat. List Vert. An. 
8th ed. p. 322 (1883); Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. (2) iv. p. 575 
(1887), v. p. 560 (1888). 
Paheornis cyanocephala, Gould {nee Linn.), B. of Asia, vi. pi. 3 
(pt. xxvi., 1874). 
? PalfiBornis bodini, Puss, Gefied. Welt, vii. p. 359 (1878); Pchmo. 
Orn. Centralbl. iii. p. 182'(1878): Ibis, 1879, p. 100. 

Very similar to P. cyanocephala, but in both sexes the axillaries 
and under wing-coverts are green and not verditer-green. Dimensions 
smaller. 

Adult male. The head is much paler than that of P. cyanocephala, 
rosy pink on the forehead, cheeks, and ear-coverts, 
changing into greyish lilac on the crown and nape; no broad 
verditer-green collar, no tinge of the same colour on the uropygium; 
back, scapulars, and underparts less yellowish and more decidedly 
green; red spot on the wing-coverts darker ; white tips of the two 
middle tail-feathers tinged with yellowish. Total length 13 inches, 
wing 5-5, tail 7, bill 0*72, tarsus 0-49. 

Female, Has the dark red spot on the wing-coverts like the 
male, the head more greyish and less blue than that of P. cyanocephala, 
female; the yellow collar less distinct on the sides of the 
neck; the green colour above and below purer, and no verditer-green 
tinge on the uropygium. 

Hal. Sikhim, Dacca, Eastern Bengal, Assam, Upper Burmah, 

and eastwards as far as Cochin China, and Southern China (Swinhoe). 

Blyth (Ibis, 1866, p. 353) mentions a specimen in Mr. Louis 
Eraser's collection with a green tail; Herr Russ (Gefied. Welt, vii. 
p, 359) describes a Palaiornis hoclini, with the middle tail-feathers 
not blue, but green, which Dr. Eeichenow (Orn. Centralbl. iii. 

p. 182) has identified with P. rosa! I have never seen a green-
tailed specimen. 
In Swinhoe's collection, now in the possession of Mr. Seebohm, 
were two specimens said to have come from China ; the one from 
Chefoo, Oct. 5,1873, which has been lately presented to the British 
Museum, is certainly a cage-bird, and that from Canton may have 
been brought alive to Canton and escaped from confinement, 

a-f. Ad. sk. Nepal (B. H. Hodgson). India Museum [P.]. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 

i. Ad. sk. 
k, I $ ad. sk. 

m. J ad. sk. 
n, o. tf $ ad. sk. 
p. Ad. sk. 
#-</• $ 5 ad. 8k. 
/*', i'. c? ad. sk. 

A', /'. J $ ad. sk. 

on'. J ad. sk. 

w'. <$ ad. sk. 

o'. cf ad. sk. 

y . <5 imni. sk. 
q'. $ imm. sk. 

r'-v'. <$ 2 ad. et 

imm. sk. 

w') x'. J ad. et 
S imm. sk. 
g',z'. d?ad.sk. 

«". cf ad. sk. 

b",c",d". Ad.sk. 

e". $> ad. sk. 

f'-s". 6 5 ad. 

sk. 

t", u". <$ ad. et 

juv.sk. 
v". d ad. sk. 
w", x". J ad. sk. 
y"-f\ 6 ? ad. 

et imm. sk. 

f, $ ad. sk. 

h^iK d$ad.sk. 
W-sK d $ ad. sk. 

t\ <$ ad. sk. 

us. S ad. sk. 

v1. <$ ad. sk. 


™3, ^3, y. <$ $ 

ad. sk. 

z\ <S ad. sk. 

«4, 64. c? ad. et 

imm. sk. 
c\ d\ eK <$ ad. 
et imm. sk. 
f\ S ad. sk. 

35 . PALJGOBNIS. 
Nepal. 


Darjeeling Terai, Jan. 
Darjeeling, March. 
Monghoo, March. 
Buxa Doars, Jan. 
Bhotan Doars, Jan., Feb., April, 


May, & Dec. (L. Mandelli). 
Sucklya, Assam, May, June 

(J. Cocldnirn), 
Dibrughnr,March (J. ll.Crij)ps), 
Cachar (J. Inglis). 
Irrawaddy Delta. 
Palow, Pegu Division, April. 
Borongho Is., Akyab, March 
(J. Armstrong). 
Parrot Creek, Fob. (/. Armstrong). 
Elephant Point, Dec. (J. Armstrong) 
. 
China Ba Keer, 
Dec. (J. Armstrong). 


Upper Burmah, Jan. 

Momien, Yunan, July. 

Karen Hills, Aug., Oct. (JR. G. 

W. JR.). 
Tonghoo Hills, March {£. G. 
W. -&)• 
Tonghoo, Jan., April, May, Nov., 
Dec. (JR. G. W. JR.). 
Lower Pegu, Jan. 

Kaukaryit, Oct. (J. Darling). 
Kyonk-nyat, Jan. (W. Davison). 
Pahpoon, Salween, Dec, Jan. 

(W. Davison). 
Thoungyeen E., Oct. 
Theinzeik, Jan. (W. Damson). 
Thatone, Jan., Oct., Nov., Dec. 

(W. Davison). 
Thatone, Oct. (It C. Beavan). 
"Wimpong, Jan. (W. Davison). 
Hormgthraw B., Jan. (W. Davison). 



Tavoy, March & May ( W. Davi


son). 
Moulmein, Feb. (W. Davison), 
Moulmein, Oct. (J?. C. Beavan) 

Moulmein, Feb. & Dec. (W. 
Davison). 
Salween Disk, Dee. (W. Davison). 


B, II. Hodgson, Esq. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
ITume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
IILime Coll 

ITume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hunio (1oll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll, 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

J. 
Anderson, Esq. 
[0-]J. 
Anderson, Esq. 
[0-]Tweeddale 
Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

E. W. Oates, Esq. 
[0.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

C. T. Bingham, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

 Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

456 
PSITTACIDJE. 

<7l5£4.[$] ad.sk. 

iK $ ad. sk. 

k*-p\ S ? ad. et 

imm. si. 
j 4-* 4. Ad. sk. 
uK[S] ad. sk. 
vl~.tA. Bones of 

the trunk. 

Skuay-g-yeen, Brit. Bumiah, 
Jan. (R. G. W. JR.). 
H-touk-yan, Brit. Burmali 

{R. 6-r. JF. 22.). 
Amherst. Jan., Feb., Mar., Dec. 
(W. Davison). 
Cochin China, Aug,, Dec. 
Chefoo, Oct. 
"Nepal.] Perhaps Sikhim. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

31. St. Pierre ]P.~. 
Swinhoe Cull. 
B. H. Hodgson, E,M|. 
"P.". 
11. Palseornis schisticeps. 
Palaeornis schisticeps, Hodgs. As. Res. six. p. 178 (1836): Bhjih, 
J. A. S. B. x. p. 925 (1841); Hodgs. Grays Zool. Misc. p. 63 
(1844); Earth 8yst. Terz. Ges. Mm. p. So (1844); Gray, Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll B. Mm. p. 113 (184<»): Blyth. Cat. B, Mv*. A. 8. B. 
p. 5 (1849); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 19 (1849); Blyth, 
J. A. S. B.xix. p. 232 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1N>4, 
p. 152, n. 143 ; 8ouance, Be v. et Mag. de Zool 1850, p. ]•> ; Bp. 
Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 141; Horsf. £ Moore. Cat. B. 
Mus. E. I. Comp. ii. p. 615 (1856-58); Gould, B. of Asia, \i. pi. b 
(pt. x., 1858) ; Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 491, 1859. p. 173; G. B. 
Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 22 (1859); 8ouance, Icon. Terr. pi. 43 
(c?) (1859); Jm7. B. of Bid. i. p. 201 (1802); BhjtJi, Ibis, IKft, 
p. 4; Gray, Ctaf. Hodgs. Coll B. 3Ius. 2nd ed. p. 61 (1803); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 82 (1864): B!yth,Ibis,ims, p. 353; 
j^er, P. £. & 1866, p. 568; Beav. Ibis, 1867, p. 142; ? ,SW^. 
Ibis, 1867, p. 389; Blyth, Ibis, 1868, p. 132; Peh. Joura. f. Ora. 
1868, p. 35; Ttjtler, ibis, 1868, p. 201; Peh. Ibis, 1808, p. 319 ; 
Brooks, Ibis, 1869, p. 47; Beav. Ibis, 1869, p. 411; G. It Gr. 
Sand-list, ii. p. 142, n. 8055 (1870); ? Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, 
p. 391 (Upper I angtsze): Jerd. Ibis, 1872, p. 6: Hume, &tr. Feath. 
ii. ^ p. 17 (1874); Wald. Ibis, 1S74, p. 286: 8vMeg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Revue, p. 35 (1874); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 86, n, 
150 (1879); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 457 (1682): Marsh. 
Ibis, 1884, p. 410; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 75 (1889): Murr. Arif. 
of Brit. Ind. ii. p. 466 (1890); Dates, Nests $ Eggs hid. B. iii. 
p. 89 (1890). 
Palseornis 
hodgsoni, FinseTi, Papag. ii. p. 50 (1868); Gieb. Thes. 
Om. iii. p. 9 (1877); Rehno. Togelbikl t. xiii. f. 4 (1878-83); id. 
Journ. f Orn. 1881, p. 236 {Consp. Psitt. p. 124). 

Adult male. Green; underparts lighter and more yellowish; head 
slate-black, with a slight bluish tinge; chin and mandibular stripes 
black, these joining a narrow black nuchal collar; hind neck tinged 
with verdigris; on the median wing-coverts a dark cherry-red patch; 
primaries with the outer webs dark green, edged very narrowly with 
yellowish, and with the inner webs dark grey; under wing-coverts 
verdigris; the metacarpal edge yellow; central tail-feathers blue in 
the middle, more or less green at the base, bright yellow at the 
apical half ; the other tail-feathers green on the outer webs, yellow 
on the inner, and with the tips yellow; tail underneath yellow: 
" bill above coral-red, hook and the whole of the lower mandible 
yellow ; iris straw ; orbital skin slaty; legs and feet dusky green " 

35 . PAL2E0RNIS. 
{Hodgson), Total length 15-8 inches, wing 6'5, tail 9*3, bill 0*95, 

tarsus 0*58. 
Female. Wants the dark red wing-patch. 
Young. Head green ; the black mandibular stripes and collar 

(defining the slaty dusky head in the adult) are entirely wanting; 
the cheeks brownish green ; on the back of the neck a faint paler 
green band defines the cap: " both mandibles are of a pale yellowish 
horny, brownish towards the base of the upper mandible " {Hume). 

Hah. North of India, where it is confined to a narrow zone lying 
between the bases of the sub-Himalayan ranges and the first high 

snowy ridge {Hume). 

a. Ad. sk. 
h, c. Ad. sk. 
d. Irani, sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/. S ad. &k. 
g. <$ ad. sk. 
h. <$ ad. sk. 
i. <$ ad. sk. 
k~y. 6 ? ad. et 
imm. sk. 


z. § imm. sk. 
a'. S ad. sk. 
b', c\ d'. $ ad. sk. 

e. $ imm. sk. 
/'. Ad. sk. 
g'. $ ad. sk. 

h'} i', k'. (S ad. et 

5 imm. sk. 

1'. <$ ad. sk. 

m', n'. Ad. sk. 

o'. Ad. sk. 

p'. Ad. sk. 
a'. S imm. sk. 

?•'. $ ad. sk. 

s'. Ad. sk. 

t'-vj. Ad. et 
imm. sk. 


x'. Ad. sk. 

3/'-/". 6 ? ad. 

et imm. sk. 

g", h", i". 6 ad. 

et J inim. sk. 

jfc", l". Ad. sk. 

m". Imm. sk. 

Pushut. 
Olipore. 
Cashmere. 

N. India. 
Murree (J. Biddidpli). 
Koteghur. 
Kotekhaie, February, 
Sikrak Dharni, March (F. J. 
Thompson). 
Simla, July, Oct., Nov. ( W. 
Davison). 
Simla, July {JR. 0. Beavan).

Syree, near Simla, Nov. {F J. 
Thompson). 

Near Mussooree. 
Dehra (J. Biddulpli). 
Khalsi, April (Q. F. L. Mar


shall). 
KkaH, February (G.F.L.M.). 
Near Almorak, October. 

Kumaon. 
Kumaon (Strachey). 

N.W. India. 
Oucle Terai (S. Finwill). 
Nepal Valley, January (/. 

Sadly). 
Nimboatar, Nepal, Dec. {J. 
Sadly). 

Nepal. 

Nepal. 

Nepal (B. H. Hodgson). 
Sikkim, Jan.-April & Dec. 

(L. Mandelli).
Darjeeling. 

Bhotan Doars, January {L. 
Mandelli). 

Bhotan. 

India Museum [p.i. 
India Museum PA 
India Museum "P.I. 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
India Museum [P.], 
Oapt. Stackhouse 


Pinwill [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

B. II. Hodgson, Esq. 
[p.]. 
B. II. Hodgson, E^q. 
[P.]. 
(Types of species.) 
India Museum [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

India Museum LP.J. 

458 
PSITTAOIDJE. 

12. Palasornis finschi. (Plate XII.) 
Palasornis sckisticeps, Mason (nee Hodgs.), Burm ah, p. 179 (1860). 
? Palseornis rosa, JBeav. (nee Bodd.) Ibis, 18697 p. 411. 
Palasornis finschi, Hume, Str. Feath. ii. p. 509 (1874) ; Wald. in 


Bath's B. Burm. p. 55 (1875); Gieh. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 820 (1877): 
Hume 8? Davis, Str. Feath. vi. p. 119 (1878); Hume, Str. Feath, 

viii. p. S6, n. 150 bis (1879); Bingh. Str. Feath ix. p. 160 (1880) ; 
Rchmv. Vogelbild. text of pi. 13. f. 4 (1878-83); id. Joum.f. Orn. 
1881, p. 237 {Consp. Psitt. p. 125); Oates, Str. Feath. x. p. 189 
(1882); id. B. o/B. Burm. ii. p. 142 (1883); Hartert, Jour. f. 
Om. 1889, p. 431. 
? Palseornis schisticeps, Blyth (nee Hodgs. ?), B. of Burm. p. 55 
(Arrakan) (1875); Hume, Str. Feath. iii. p. 56 (1875). 

Adult male. Very similar to tlie male of P. schisticeps; the green 
feathers hare a more yellowish tinge; the back is slightly tinged 
with brownish or golden yellow: the slaty-black head is more 
bluish; the basal half of the central tail-feathers is bine, more or 
less green at the extreme base, the terminal half is pale lilac, tipped 
with yellow: " legs and feet pale dirty green; upper mandible 
orange-vermilion, tipped yellowish; lower mandible pale yellow ; 
irides usually creamy white, but in some specimens grey, with a fine 
inner ring of golden yellow; in others pale brown, with an outer 
ring of white " (Davison). Total length 16*5 inches, wing 6, tail 
11, bill 0-9, tarsus 0*58. 

Female. Like the male, but wants the dark red wing-patch; 
dimensions a little smaller. 
Hah. Burmah; probably it extends towards the north as far as 
Arrakan. 
Besides the differences mentioned above, the much narrower 
central tail-feathers also distinguish the present species from 

P. schistieeps. 
a, b. $ ad. et $ Tonghoo Hills, Jan., March Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. (R. G. W. R.). 


c. $ ad. sk. Karennee. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Pegu. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk. Kollidoo, Feb. ( W, Davison). Hume Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
f-l 
<J 2 ad. sk. Kollidoo, Feb. & Sept. (W. Hume CoU. 
Davison), 

m. 
<$ ad. sk. Moulmein, Nov. (C. T. Bing- Hume Coll. 
ham), 
n. 
<S ad. sk. Thoungyeen Valley, Jan. (C. T. Hume Coll. 
Bingham), 
o. <$ ad. sk. 
Myawadee, Jan. (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
p. 
$ ad. sk. Myawadee, February. C. T. Bingham, ESQ 
[C.]. * 
q~x. $ 5 a<*-sk« Kyouk-nyat, January (W. Hume Coll. 
Davison), 

y. $ ad. sk, Pakchan Creek (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
35. PAL.3B0KNIS. 
459 

13. Palaeornis exsul. 
Pal^ornis exsul, A. Newt. Ibis, 1872, p. 33 (?); id. R Z. 8. 187/5, 
p. 42; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 342, pi. vii. ($) • (Mfe//, P. Z. S. 187/>, 
p. 647; ^. $ JE. Newt. Ibis, 1876, pp. 288 (?), 289; J5ftwf7. Vbu. 
Madag. p. 225 (1877); Gleb. T/ies. Oni. iii. p. 9 (1877); Oust 
-Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris, 1878, p. 166 ; IMnw. Journ.f. 0m. 1881, 
p. 235 (Consp. Psitt p. 123); id Vogelbild. Nachtr. 58 (1883). 
Female. " General appearance greyish glaucous, darker above than 
beneath. From the corners of the mouth proceeds an ill-defined 
dull black chin-stripe, which becomes broader as it passes backward 
and upward, ceasing somewhat abruptly on reaching the level of the 
ears. Head, nape, shoulders, upper wing-coverts, and rectriccs 
above dull greyish glaucous, the blue tinge in which predominates 
when the bird is seen against the light, and the green when seen in 
the contrary aspect; the outer rectriccs paler. Bump verditer-blue. 
Primaries with their outer and most part of their inner webs deep 
greenish blue, the former with narrow lighter edges, and the latter 
broadly bordered with pitch-black * ; shafts and lower surfaces 
greyish black. Secondaries much the same as the primaries, but of 
a still deeper shade. Breast dull greyish glaucous, but lighter than 
the upper parts, and passing on the belly into verditer, which become 
lighter and greener on the vent. Rectrices beneath yellowish 
grey, darker towards the tips of the longer feathers. Bill black. 
Total length 16 inches, wing 7*5, tail 8-5, bill 1, tarsus 0*6." (A. 
Newton.) 

Male. " It differs from the type (? ) at first sight by its maxilla, 
which is crimson at the base, gradually paling to horn*colour at the 
tip. The mandible in life seems to have been of a deep reddish 
brown. The top of the head is less grey and of a clearer glaucous 
than in the female. From the nostril to the eye on each side there 
is a distinct narrow black stripe, which is so faintly indicated in the 
female that no notice was taken of it in the original description. 
The black chin-stripe on each side is also well defined, and is prolonged 
upwards so as almost to meet on the nape of the neck f. 
Most of the primaries are marked each by a dull black patch on the 
inner web near the tip; and the middle secondaries are also dusky 
black." (A. Neivton.) There is no red alar patch on the wing-coverts. 
Size slightly larger than the female. 

Hah. Eodriguez, where most likely by this time it is extinct. 

Prof. Newton, before receiving a male specimen, prognosticated 
that the male would have a red alar patch, but when he received 
one he found, to his disappointment, that the alar patch was 
wanting (' Ibis/ 1876, p, 288); both Dr. Oustalet and Dr. Reichenow, 
having overlooked the last statement of Prof. rTewton, 
described the male with a red alar patch ! 

* These black patches, which appear on many other feathers, are very irregularly 
disposed and no doubt are due to abrasion, 
f Most likely there is a complete collar round the nape in perfect specimens. 

460 
PSITTAC1DJE. 

14. Palseornis peristerodes. 
Palseornis coluniboides, 
Fig. Zool. Jour. v. p. 274 (1830): Wagl. 
Mon. Psitt p/519 (1832) ; Lear, Parr, pi. 31 (1832); Jercl Made. 
Jour. si. p. 209, pi. 3 (1840): id. TIL Lid. Orn. pi. 18 (1847): 
Hartl. Syst Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); G. B. Or. Gen. B. Ii. 

p. 410, n. 9 (1846); Blyth. J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 475 (1847): id. Cat. 
B. Mas. A. 8. B. pp. 5, 316 (1849): id. J. A. S. B. xlx. p. 204 
(1850); Bp. Bet. et 3Iag. de Zool '18-54, p. 152, n. 144: Souanri. 
Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 158; Bp. Xaumanuia, 1856, Consp. 
Bsitt. n. 143; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat B. Mm. E. I. Comp. ii. p. 614 
(1856-58); Gould, *B. ofAsia,\i. pi. 7 (pt. x., 1858); G. B. Gr. List 
Bsitt. Brit Mus. p. 22 (1859); Jerd. B. of Lid. i. p. 261 (1862): 
Blyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 4: Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaei, p. 83 (1864): 
Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 553; Soitsa, Mas. Kae. Lisboa. Psittaei. p. 15 
(1869); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 142, n. 8056 (1870): Ehces, 
Ibis, 1870, p. 527 ; Blanf. Ibis, 1874, p. 92; Hume, Str. Feath. 
ii. p. 21 (1874): Wald. Ibis, 1874, p. 292; Schley. Mm, P.-B. 
Psittaci, Berne, p. 35 (1874); Blyth, B. of Burm. p. 54 (note) 
(1875); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 86, n. 151 (1879): Lai/ard. 
Ibis, 1880, p. 284 (Ceylon!); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 2h2 (Ib^l); 
8ah\ Cat B. StrieJd. Cull. p. 457 (1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 
8th ed. p. 322 (1883): Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 75 (1889): Murr. 
Avif. of Brit hid. ii. p. 465 (1890); Gates, Nests $ Eggs hid. B. 
iii. p. 89 (1890). 
Palseornis nielanorhynchus, SyJces {nee Wagl), P. Z. S.1832. p. 90 
Psittaeus (Oonurus) hinialavanus, Less, tn BHanger, Toy. aux Ind.7 
Zool. p. 239 (1834). 
Oonurus sagittifer colomboides, Bourj. Perr. pis. 3 ($), 3 bis ( J ) 
(1837-38)'. 
Oonurus sagittifer colomboides vel kienerii, Bourj. Pen*, p. xlix 
(1837-38). 
P4ttacus nielanorhynchus, Sund. Physiogr. Sdllsk. Tidslcr. 1638, i. 

p. 54. 
Palseornis peristerodes, Fi?isch, Papag. ii. p, 74 (1868); Gieb. Thes. 
Om. iii. p. 10 (1877); Behnw. YogelUld. t xiii. f. 3 (1878-83): 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 239 {Consp. Psitt p. 127). 

Adult male. Head, neck, upper back, and breast dove-grey; forehead, 
lores, and region round the eyes green; the green of the forehead 
is slightly bordered behind with blue; the broad black mandibular 
stripes join a black collar, succeeded by a second one of 
a bluish green, which widens on the throat; lower back, uropygium, 
and upper tail-coverts bluish green; lower abdomen, vent, and under 
tail-coverts yellowish, washed with bluish green ; wings and scapulars 
dark green, more or less tinged with blue; upper wing-coverts 
with pale edges; under wing-coverts bluish green; first primary 
black, the others blue edged with green ; central tail-feathers bine, 
washed with green at the base, tipped with yellowish; the next pair 
blue on the outer web, greenish near the base, all the others green 
on the outer web, yellow on the inner one; the tips of all the tail-
feathers yellowish ; tail underneath yellow: "upper mandible red, 

with the point horny white; lower mandible dusky or dingy reddish 
" (Hume): legs greenish plumbeous. Total length 15*5 inches, 
wing 5*8, tail 9-5, bill 0*9, tarsus 0*58. 

35. PALEOEHTS. 
461 

Female. Wants the bluish-green collar and the green forehead ; 
there is a slight bluish tinge on the lores and very little green round 
the eyes; the interscapular region is pale green, like the breast and 
the abdomen; bill dusky black. Dimensions somewhat smaller than 
those of the male : total length 14*5 inches, tail 8'5. 

Young. The grey of the adult bird replaced by green, more or less 
tinged with blue on the head, especially in the female; both green 
and black collars are wanting; the black mandibular stripes are 
slightly indicated. 

Hah. South of India, from Travancore up to N. lat. 17° or so 
(Jerdon). 

a. Ad. sk. India. Purchased. 
#> c 6 2 a(3-sk-Erridge, S. Travancore, March. Hume Coll. 
d. S ad. sk. Ashanboo, S. Travancore, Jan. F. Bourdillon [C.]. 
e)f> 6 2 &&• sk-Mynall, S. Travancore, Jan. & Hume Coll. 
Nov. (F. Bourdillon). 
g, h. S 2 ad. sk. Mynall, S. Travancore, Oct. & F. Bourdillon [0.]. 
Nov. 
i, h. Ad. sk. Malabar. Tweeddale Coll. 
/, m. § ad. et Kullar, Nov. Hume Coll. 

iinm. sk. 
a, o. S 2 ad. sk. Kullar, Nov. (JR. G. W. JR.). Tweeddale Coll. 


p. $ ad. sk. Ooorg. India Museum [P.], 
(Ji r. S 2 ad. sk. Ootacamund, Nilghiris, Feb. Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
s-ic. c? 2 ad. sk. Coonoor Ghat, Nilghiris, Jan. Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
a,. $ ad. sk. Coonoor Ghat, Nilghiris, April Tweeddale Coll. 
{JR. G. W. JR.). 
y-e'. S 2 ad. sk. Burlias, Nilghiris, Sept. Hume Coll. 


f. S ad. sk. Seegore, Feb. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
(f, hr. 6 2 ad. Nellacotta, March {W. Hume Coll. 
sk. 
Davison). 
Mysore, July. Sept., & Nov. Hume Cell. 


f-m'. (S 2 a^-e^ 
imm. sk. 


Muddur, Mysore, July & Sept. W. Davison, Esq. 

n\ o\%i. <S ad. 
et irnni. sk. pp.]. 


Deccan (JSykes).

q'. Ad. sk. 
India Museum [P.]. 

Khandala, March (#. JB. Fair


>*'?«'• <5 2 a(l-s^- 
Hume Coll. 

bank). 
t'~a". (J 2 ad. Khandala, March & May [S. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. B.Fairbank). 
b". Skeleton. 


15. Palaeornis calthropse. 
Palseornis calthrapse, Bayard, MS.; Myth, J. A. S. B. xviii. p. 800 
(1849), xix. p. 234 (1854); id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 340 

n. 1833 (1849); JBp Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 152, n. 147; 
SouaneS, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 208; Bjp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 145; Souance, Icon. P&T. pi. 45 (<$ $) 
(1857); JBlyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 4,1866, p. 227,1867, p. 294; Sousa, 
Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 15 (1869). 
Paheornis 
calthropse, Kelaart, JProdr. Cat. p. 127 (1852); Layard, 
Ami. 8f Mag. N. II (2) xiii. p. 263 (1854) j Earth Journ.f. Orn, 

462 
PSITT4.CID.ffi. 

1854; p. 158, B. p. Isiii; G. B. Gr. List Bsitt. Brit. 3Ius. 

p. 22 (1859) j Schleg. litis. B.-B. Psittaci, p. 88 (1864); Stoinh 
Ibis, 1864, p. 420; FinscJu Bapag. II. p. 53 (186S); G. B. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 142, n. 8057 (1870); Holdsw. B. Z. S. 1872, 
p. 426; Lmjard, B. Z. 8.1873, p. 204 ; Legge, Ik\ 1874, pp. 14,24; 
Holdstc. Ibis, 1874, p. 125; Hume, Sir. Feath. ii. p. 18 (1874); 
Gould, B. ofAsia, vi. pi. 1 (pt. xxvi., 1874); Wald. Ibis, 1874, 
p. 288; Schleg. Mus. B.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 36 (1874): Blgth, 
B. of Burma, p. 54 (note) (1875) ; Legge, Ibis, 1875, pp. 273, 
411- id. Str. Feath. iii. p. 200 (1875); id. Ibis, 1876, p. 128; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 7 (1877); Hume, Str. Feath. vii. p. 367 
(1879), yiii. p. 86, n. 151 bis (1879) ; Legge, B. of Ceyl p. 177, 
pi. 6. if. 1, 2 (1880) ; Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 280, 305 (1881); 
Bchnio. Togelbild. t. xiii. f. 6 (1878-83); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. 
p. 75 (1889); Gates, Xests $ Eggs lad. B. iii. p. 90 (1890). 
Palseornis gironieri, 
Terr. Bed. et Mag. de ZooL 1853, p. 195; Cass. 
Journ. Acad. PMlad. iii. p. 156 (1855); Wald. Trans. ZooL Soc. 

ix. p. 138 (1875); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 305 (1&61); Bclmw. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 232 (Co/isp. Bsitt. p. 127); id. Togelbild. 
Bencht. (1883). 
Psittacus viridicollis, Cass. Br. Acad. BhilwL vi. p. 378 (1853); 

Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 539 (1857). 
Palaeornis viridicollis, Bp, Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Bsitt. n. 144. 
Palseomis calthrapa, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 539 (1857). 
Palseornis caltforopise, Schleg. Dierent. y. 72 (1864). 

Adult male. Head, nape, and back bluish grey, lower back and 
upper tail-coverts more bluish; forehead, lores, region round the 
eyes, and fore part of the cheeks green; a broad collar and underparts 
bright green ; under tail-coverts yellowish green* a very narrow 
bluish collar defines the grey head from the green collar; a broad 
mandibular black stripe extends on each side of the neck ; scapulars 
greenish grey; wings green; smaller wing-coverts greyish blue, the 
median one yellowish green ; under wing-coverts green ; tall above 
blue, underneath yellowish ; tip of the tail-feathers \ ellow; the 
inner web of all the lateral feathers washed and the outer webs 
finely edged with green : " iris yellow-white, or white, or greenish 
white, with a bluish-grey outer circle; cere dusky greenish ; upper 
mandible coral-red, yellowish at the tip, lower dusky red; legs and 
feet dusky greenish, plumbeous green, or plumbeous *' (Legge). Total 

length 11 to 12 inches, wing 5'Q^ tail 5'6 to B'o, bill 0*85, tarsus 
0-58. 
Female. Yery much like the male; bill dusky black; the green 
on the face duller. Size a little smaller. 

Young. Wants the black mandibular stripes, and all the grey or 
blue-grey colour on the head, which characterizes the adult bird, the 
whole head being green; the cap defined by an indistinct brighter 
green collar (Hume). The lower back and rump greyish blue, in 
very young birds green; middle tail-feathers blue; bill pale orange 

(Legge). 
Hah. Ceylon. 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Ceylon. 
Thwaites Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. Near Newara Ellia, Ceylon. Mr. E. Boate [O.]. 
35 . PALJEORNTS. 463 
e. e ad. sk. Kandy, Ceylon. Mr. A. WMte [0.1 
f,g. <$2 ad.sk. Ceylon, Aug. & Sept. W. V. Legge, Esq. 
[P.]. 
£-r. c? ? ad. sk Ceylon, Jan., April, March, & Tweeddale Coll. 
Dec. (8. Chapman), 
ic. 2 ad. sk. Ceylon? Dec. (Messrs. Hart). Hume Coll, 
x-e'. d ? ad. sk, Ceylon, Feb. & March (H. Tweeddale Coll. 
Nevill). 
/ , / . $ ad. sk. Ceylon, Feb. (H. Nevill). Hume Coll. 
h'. Ad. sk. Gould Coll. 

16. Palaeorais derbyana. 
Pal&ornis derbyanus, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 245, pi. 25; Gould, 
B. of Asia, vi. pi. 9 (pt. x., 1858); G.B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. 
p. 2o (1859); Blyth, Ibis, 1866, p. 353,1873, p. 79; Swinh. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 690 (Moupin); Hume, 8tr. Feath. ii. p. 9 (1874); Blyth, 
B. of Burma, p. 54 (note) (1875); ? David et Oust. Ois. Chin. 
p. 1, pi. 1 (1877); Hume, 8tr. Feath. vii. p. 164 (1878); Bchmo. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 240 (Consp. Psitt. p. 128). 
Belums pondicerianus, part., Souance, Bev. et Mao. de Zool. 1856, 

p. 208. 
Belocefcus pondicerianus, part., Bp. Naumamiia, 1856, Consp. Psitt 
n. 147. 
Pakeornis vibri&ba, part., 8ckleg. Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, p. 85 (1864). 
Palceornis melanorhynchus, part, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 70 (1868); 
G. B. Gr. Hand-fist, ii. p. 143, n. 8067 (1870); Wald. Ibis, 1873, 
p. 227 (partini); id. in Blyth1$ B. of Burma, p. 55 (1875); Bchnio. 
(nee Wagl) Vogelbild. in the text of pi. v. f. 4 (1878-83). 
Tyjpe. Green; forehead, lores, and a broad moustache on the 

lower part of the cheeks velvety black; fore part of the crown and 

round the eyes verciiter-green, rest of the crown and ear-coverts 

violet-blue; nape bright green; the remaining upper parts, the 

thighs, vent, and under tail-coverts green, more yellow on the 

centre of the wings; under tail-coverts narrowly edged with bluish; 

from the hinder part of the ear-coverts, down the side of the 

neck, runs a narrow line of a light rose-coloured purple or 

vinous, which colour extends over the whole under surface to the 

vent; under wing-coverts vinous like the underparts; tail above 

green, with the outer web of the lateral feathers slightly tinged 

with bluish, the central tail-feathers, and also the next pair, blue, 

broadly edged with green towards the base; the underside of the 

tail-feathers dull golden olive : " bill black; feet the usual Parrakeet 

colour; eyes pale straw-colour" (Fraser). Total length about 20 

inches, wing 8*75, tail 10*5, bill 1'4, tarsus 0-7. 

Adult male. Has the upper mandible red (David et Oustalet). 

Hob. Interior of China, on the Upper Yangtze ? (David). 

Thanks to the authorities of the Derby Museum in Liverpool, 

I have been able to examine the type specimen of this species. 

The much larger size distinguishes it at once from P. fasciata; there 

is not much difference in the nape, which is green in both species, 

only the green colour in P. derby ana extends higher up on the 

464 
PS1TTACIDJ5. 

occiput, whereas in both sexes of P. fasciata the occiput is uniform 
with the crown. The breast, as Mr. Hume notices, is, in P. derby 
ana, " much more of a lavender and much less of a vinaeeous 
rosy than in P. melanorliynclm (—fasciata), the lavender or lilac in 

P. derby am moreover extending considerably lower down towards 
the vent than does the vinaceous rosy in the other species." It 
seems that nobody has noticed the very important difference in 
the colouring of the under wing-coverts, which are vinous in 

P. derby ana and green in P. fasciata. 
I suspect that the type specimen is still unique, and that the bird 
mentioned by Pore David and Oustalet, and figured in the£ Oiseaux 
de la Chine,' does not belong to this species; certainly the dimensions 
given by them do not agree with those of the type specimen. 

17. Palasorais fasciata. 

Bracelet Parrakeet from 
East India, Albin, Orn. ii. p. 12, pi. 18 
(1731). 
Pbittaca indica torquata, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 326 (1760) (ex Alhn). 
Psittacus alexandri, var. /3, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 142 (1766). 
Parrucchetto con collana di capo e petto vinato, Gmni} Orn. ii. p. 19, 
tav. exxvi. (1769). 
Perruche de Pondichery, Daubent. PI Enl. 517. 
Psittacus fasciatus, Mult 8. N. 8uppt p. 74, 6f (1776); Cass. Pr. 
Ac. Nat. 8c. PMlad. 1864, p. 239. 
Perruche a moustaches, Buf. Hist. Nat, Ois. vi. p. 149 (1779). 
Alexandrine Parrakeet var. B. Purple-ringed Parrakeet, Lath. 8yn. 

i. p. 236 (1781). 
Mustachoed Parrakeet, Lath. 8yn. i. p. 238 (1781). 
Blossom-headed Parrakeet, var. B, Bornean Parrakeet, Lath. 8yn. i. 

p. 240 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 165 (1822). 
Psittacus vibrissa, Bodd. Tabl. PI. Enl. p. 30 (1783). 
Psittacus alexandri, var, y, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 321 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. i. p. 98 (1790). 
Psittacus Jpondicherianus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 325, n. 73 (excl. var.) 
(1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 99, n. 48 (excl. var. 0) (1790); 
Bechst. Lath. Uebers. p. 76 (1811); KuM, Oonsp. Psitt. p. 33 
(part.) (1820); Vieilt Enc. MSth. iii. p. 1390 (1823); Voiat, dm. 
Uebers. p. 733 (1831). 
Psittacus borneus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 325 (1788). 
Psittacus ginginianus; var. y, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 100 (1790). 
Psittacus mystaceus, 8haiv, Gen. Zoot viii. 2, p. 436 (nee pi. 63) 
(1811). 
Psittacus pondicerianus, var. 0, Bechst. Lath. Uebers. p. 203 (1811). 
Bose-ringed Parrakeet, var. A, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 161 (1822). 
Mustachoe Parrakeet, Lath. Gen, Hist. ii. p. 162 (1822). 
Mustachoe Parrakeet, var. B, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 163 (1822). 
Paheornis pondicerianus (part.), Vig. Zoot Journ. ii. p. 54 (1825); 
8teph. Gen. Zoot xiv. 2, p. 128 (partim) (1826); Wagt Mon. 
Psitt p. 512 (partim) (1832); Horsf. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 165McClelt 
P. Z. S.1839, p. 165; Hodgs. Gray's Zoot Misc. p. 85 
(1844); G. K Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 410, n. 12 (partim) (1846); id. 
Cat. Hodr/s. Coll. Brit. Mus. p. 113 (1846); Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. 

p. 24 (1846), xvi. p. 745 (1847); id. Ann. $ May. N. H. xx. p. 386 
(1847); Brehm, Thierleb. iii. p. 70 (1865); 8chmidL P. Z. S.1880, 

p. 310, 
' 

3f>. PAL.TJOUNIS. 

ConuruB
BB ponticerianu 
ponticerianuponticerianus
ss (part.) 
(part.)(part.),
,, Lest Tr. d'0>v*. p. 215 (1831) 
.•nis borneuH JJ W Man. PM. p. CIO (18;J2); Mp.Com,*. 

I Less.

Palaeornis 

i. xhv. p. o,50 (18,),); tt. i»'. tfr. frV Psitt. />'/•//. J/M. p 24 
(1859); id."lland4ist, ii.'p. 14,1, n. 8070 (J870)'. 
Palajomis melanorhyncJuia, IVm/l. Mou, Putt. \u oil (IH^) • <7 # 

(Ibo4); I>> Gwjjtf. ii\wi. xhv. p. ,130 (1857); (/. A' (/r List 
Psitt Brit Mm p. 24 (1859); JW*, i> w . ii. p. 70 (I80h); 

G. R. Gr. Hand-list, n. p. 14a, u. 8007 (1870); Mother Joum f 
Om. 1872, p. 18; IVald. Ibis, 1873, p. 297 (Audamnns), 187J,' 
p. 290; 2>V7'> i>\ o/ i/wm p. 57 (1875) ; «-«/</. » . p, 57 (not.O 
(1875); id. Ibis, 1875, p. 270 (var.); Anmtr. Str. Feath. h 
p. 308 (1870); Hum, Mr. Feath. v. p. 21 (1870); Gieb. The*. Orn. 
in. p. 10 (1877) ; Wardl. Bams. Ibis, 1877, p. 453; Hume c\-JJumX 
Str. Feath. vi. p. 120 (1878); Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 1(55 (1878); 
Anders. Tumi. Edjped. p. r)68 (1878); Ticeedd. Orn. Works pp *KU 
281, 292 (1881) ; Salv. Cat. B. Striekl. Colt. p. 457 (I8tt>). ~ * 
Psittacus melanorliynclius, Sunder. Physioyr. Mulish. Tidskr. 1837, 

p. 170. 
Psittacus nigrirostris, Hodys. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1814) ; Vale. 
Jour. of Nat. Hist. 1847, p. 500. 
Palaeornis mystaeeus, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844). 
Palaeornis barbatus (part.), Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. ^i. S. I>\p,0 (1849); 

id. Jour. A. 8. B. xix. p. 233 (1850) ; Ti/tler, Ann, § Mag. N. II. 

(2) xiii. p. 305 (1854) ; Gould, P.Z.S. 1859, p. 151 (Siani). 
Belurus barbatus (part.), Bp. Rev. et May. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, 
n. 150. 
Belurus melanorliynclius, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, 
n. 152. 
Belurus pondicerianus (part.), Souance, Rev. et May. de Zool. 1850, 
p. 208. 
Belocercus pondicerianus (part.), Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Comjh 
Psitt. n. 147. 
Palaeornis osbecki (part.), Ilorsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. 

ii. p. 622 (1856-58). 
Palaeornis vibrisca (sic), G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 24 (lh59); 
G. R. Gr. Cat. Hodgs. Coll. Brit. Mus. p. 01 (1863); Hi Meg. 
Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, p. S5 (1804); Sousa,Mus. Xae.Lisb. Ptdttaei, 
p. 15 (1869); Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 103; Schley. Mus. JW>\ 
Pbittaci, Revue, p. 30 (1874) ; Blyth, B. ofBurm. p. 50 (1875). 
Palaeornis javanicus (part.), Jerd. B. of Lid. i. p. 202 (1808); Blyth, 
Ibis, 1803, p. 5 (pait.); Sehomb. Ibis, 1801, p. 204 (Siam); Blyth, 
Ibis, 1866, p. 353 (part.); Ball (jiec Osbeck), J. A. S. B. xli. p.279 
(1872) (Andamans); id. JStr. Feath. i. p. 00 (1873); Wald. Uis, 
1870, p. 343; Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 427 (1881). 

Palaeornis sp., Swinh. Ibis, 1867, p. 389; Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 401. 
Palaeornis lathami, Finseh, Papay. ii. p. 6iS (180b) j Swinh. Ibis, 
1870, p. 230 (note); id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 390; Uieb. Thes. Orn. iii, 

p. 9 (1877). 
Palaeornis javanica, Swinh. (nee Osbech) Ibis, 1870, p. 93. 
Palseorm 


Hume) 
526 (1874), iii. p. % ,. , , .. .. . 
n 152 (1879); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 300; Scully, Str. Feath 
viii p 243 (1879) ; Bingh. Str. Feath. ix. p. 160 (1880); Rchnw. 
Vogkild. t. v. f. 4 ($),' t. xiii. f. 7 ( 5 ) (1878-83); id. Joum f. 
Om. 1881, p. 241 (Consp. Psitt. p. 129); Oates, Str. Feath. x. p. 190 

YOL. XX. w H 

466 1P3ITTACIDJ2. 

(1882) • id. B. of Brit. Bunn. ii. p. 143 (1883); Hzime, Str. 
Feath. xi. p. 55 (1888); Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 75 (16&9) ; Murr. 
Avif. of Brit 2nd. ii. p. 464 (1890); Oates, Nests # Eggs xnd. B. 

iii. p. 90 (1890). 
Palasomis melanorhyncha, Sclat P. Z. S. 1871, p. 771; Blyth, Ibis, 

1873, p. 79; Sclat P. Z. & 1878, p. 999. 
Palfflomis ponticerianus, Blyth, Ibis, 1878, p. 79. 
Palasomis schisticeps, Sclat. (nee Hodgs.) P. Z. S. 1876, p. 696. 
Palasomis fasciata, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) iv.p. 574 (1887), 

v. p. 559 (1888), vii. p. 376 (1889). 
Adult male. Green; a large yellowish-green patch on the median 
wing-coverts; head grey, with a slight tinge of bluish; lores and 
round the eyes tinged with greenish; a band from the forehead to 
the eyes and broad mandibular stripes black; a collar on the nape 
to the sides of the neck emerald-green: throat, breast, and upper 
abdomen vinaceous red ; lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-
coverts green, washed with blue; middle tail-feathers blue, edged 
with green near the base and tipped yellowish, the others bluish 
green; tail underneath dull golden yellow : upper mandible coral-
red, the tip yellow; lower mandible black; iris light yellow; legs 
dusky greenish yellow. Total length 14 to 16 inches, wing (rh, 
tail 7'5 to 9, bill 1*02, tarsus 0*54. 

Female. Differs in having the head tinged with blue, and the 
vinaceous red of the breast produced up the sides of the neck between 
the lilac-blue of the head and the emerald-green of the neck; bill 
black, with the base of the lower mandible orange-brown. 

Young. Green ; no vinaceous red on the lower plumage ; forehead 
and sides of the head more or less greyish; broad mandibular stripes 
blackish; a yellowish patch on the wing-coverts as in the adult; 
bill black. 

Hub. Eastern Bengal and along the Himalayas as far as Kumaon, 
Indo-JBurmese Regions, Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Cochin China, 
Hainan, and, according to Swinhoe, also south of China, near Amoy. 

a. Ad. sk. India. Hon. E. India Co. 
b. $ ad. sk. Kumaon. Hume Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. 
d-i. Ad. et imm. 
sk. 
k, I, m. Ad. sk. 
n. $ ad. sk. 
Nepal.
Nepal.
Nepal (B. H. Hodgson). 
Nepal Valley, August (J. 
B. H. Hodgson, Esq, 
[P.]. 
B. H. Hods-son. Esq, 
[P.]. 
India Mubeum. 
Hume Coll. 
o-s. 6* $ ad. et 
imm. sk. 
t} u, v. Ad. et 
imm. sk. 
Scully). 
Sikhim, Jan., April, Dec. (L.
Mandetti). 
Sikhim Terai, Dec. (L. M.). 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll, 
w. Ad. sk. Lower Hills, Sikhim, Dec. Hume Coll. 
v, y, z. S ad. et 
$ imm. sk. 
(L. M.). 
Mongphoo, N. Darjeeling. Hume Coll. 
a'-e'. Ad. sk. Bhotan Doars, Jan., April Hivme Coll. 
(x. M.y 

/', g'. Ad. sk. 
h\ $ ad.sk 

ir, k'. Ad. sk. 
I*. d ad. sk. 
m'. d ad. sk. 
^ o'. J $ ad. 


sk. 
p'-v'. d ? ad. et 
imm. sk. 

w'. Ad. sk. 
A-'. Ad.sk. 
#', «'* «". d ad. 

sk. 
£"-<. c? $ ad. 
et imm. sk. 

f. 6 ad.sk. 
g". $ ad. sk. 
h". d ad. sk. 
i". Ad. bk. 
&". d ad. sk. 
^',wi",w"- 
d ad. 
et imm. sk. 
o". Ad. sk. 

P",C"-Ad-

et imm. sk. 
s". d ad. sk. 
V\ <S ad. sk. 


u". Ad. sk. 

*>". $ ad. sk. 

?«>"-#. d ? ad. 
et imm sk. 
e3-o3. d $ ad. et 

imm. sk. 
2?3, #3. $ ad. et 
imm. sk. 
r3-w*. d ad. sk. 

tf*-y. d 2 ad. 

sk. 
#3. 2 ad. sk. 
a?-dl. d 2 ad. 

sk. 
eL. <$ ad. sk. 
/*. d ad. sk. 
<7% A*, d 2 ad. 

sk 
»S hK d 2 ad. 
sk. 

Vt 

9 m*. d ad. sk. 
n*,o\p\ d2ad. 
sk. 
gr1. d ad. sk. 

35 . PALiBORNlS. 
Tipperah. 

N. Khasia Hills, March (A. 
W. Chemiell). 
Assam (A. W. C). 
Assam, April (J. Cochbum). 
Suddya, Assam, Jaue (/. C). 
Dollah, Assam, April. May 
(X C). 
Dibrughiir, Feb. & June {J. 

JR. Cripps). 
Cachar, Feb. (A. 0. II.). 
Cachar (J. Inglh). 
Manipur, April {A. 0. II). 

Syriam, Jan., Dee. (J. Arm


strong). 
Borangho, March (J. A.). 
Parrot Greek, Feb. (J. A.). 
Tliayetmyo. 
Thayetmyo. 

E. Pegu Hills, April (E. W. 
Kyeikpadein, Pegu, June, 
Sept. 
Bassein, Pegu. 

Lower Pegu. 

Rangoon, Oct. (JR. G. W. JR.). 
H-touk-yan, Brit. Burmali, 
Dec. (JR. G. TV. JR.). 
Yatho, Brit. Burmali (JR. G. 

W. A.). 
Upper Burmali, Jan. 
Tonghoo, April, Dec. (JR. G. 

W. JR.). 
Palipoon, Salween Distr., Jan. 
Feb., Dec. ( W. Davison). 
Salween Distr., Dec. ( W. JD.). 

Thatone, Jan., Feb., Dec. 

(W.D.). 
Thamban, Jan., Nov. (W. JD.). 

Wimpong, Dec. (W. DJ). 
Moulmein, March (W.D.). 

Myawadu, Jan. (W. DJ). 
Near Meetan, Feb. (W.DJ). 
Amherst, Dec. (W. DJ). 

Pymima-bin, Jan. (W. DJ).

Yeaboo, March, Dec. (W. DJ). 
Mergui, Nov. ( W. JD.). 

Attaran Distr., March ( W. DJ). 

Ilumo Coll. 
Twoeddalo Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Humo Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

E. W. Oates, Esq. 
W. T. Blanford, E*q. 
E. 
W. Oates, Esq. 
[0.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Dr. J. Anderson [P.l 
Tweeddale Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Plume Coll. 
Plume Coll. 
Plume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll, 
2H2 

468 
JPSITTACIDJS. 

?4. 5 ad. sk. Tavoy River, Jan. (J. DarHume 
Coll. 
ling). 

64,4

-w. 6 ? ad. Tavoy, March, April, June Hume Coll. 
etimrn. sk. (W. Davison). 


xl. J ad. sk. Shvmootee, Tavoy, May Hume Coll. 
(W. D.). 
xf-c1. (S ad. et Meeta Myo, Tavoy, iVpril Hume Coll. 
imm. sk. (JT.Z).). 
d\ $ ad. sk. Malawoon;May (W.D.). Hume Coll. 
e\f. J ad. et S. Andamans, Nov. (i£. J. Hume Coll. 

5 imm. sk. Wimberley). 
gW°. 6 S ad. S. Andamans, Jan.~Dec. (12. Tweeddale Coll. 
et imm. sk. J". J3T.). 
t\ J ad. sk. S. Andamans, Feb., Nov. B. B. Sharpe, Esq. 

;p.\ 
vP-%\ 6 2 ad-Mt. Harriet, S. Andamans, Dec. Hume Coll. 
sk. (W. Davison). 
a\ (S ad. sk. Port Mouat, S. Andamans, Hume Coll. 

Apiil (JT. D.). 
b*. Ad. sk. Port Blair, S. Andamans. Hume Coll. 
cQ. J ad. sk. Aberdeen, S. Andamans, April Hume Coll. 

(W.D.). 
cP. <5 ad. sk. Macplierson's Strait, March Hume Cull. 

(W.D.). 
e\f\ Ad. sk. [Nicobars.] Tweeddale Coll. 
(f\ Ad.sk. [Java] (Horsfield). India Museum P.~. 
h\ Ad. sk. Siam (Finlayson). India Museum ™P.\ 
a'. Ad. sk. Siam. Purchased, 
k*-p\ Ad. et Saigon, Cochin China, Julv, M. E. Pierre [P.], 

imm. sk. Oct. 
g8. Ad. sk. Cambodia. Tweeddale Coll. 
rG. Ad. sk.. Hainan (It. Swinhoe). Purchased. 
sb. <$ ad. sk. Hainan, March (It. S.). H. Seebolim, Eteq. 

IK-

t\ 
Juv. sk. Amoy, China, Nov. (JR. S.). 

H. 
Seebohm, Esq. 
"p.; 
18. Palaeornis alexandri. 
Psittaciib alexandri, Odhel, in Linnets Amcan. Acad. iv. p. 230 {1754 J ; 
Linn. Mus. Ad. Friedr. ii. p. 14 (1764j; id. S. X. i. p. 141, n. 14 
(partim) (1766); Gm. S. X. i. p. 321, n. 14 (partim) (17fcb) ; 
Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1388 (partim) (1823). 

Psittacus javanicus, Osb. It. Ind. Orn. i. p. 101 (1757); id. Forster, 
English edit. i. p. 156 (1771). 
Alexandrine Parrakeet, var. E, Javan Parrakeet, Lath. Sun. i. p. 237 
(1781). 
Psittacus bimaculatus, Sparnn. Mus. Carls, i. t. 30 (young) (1787); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 99, n. 49 (1790); Sham, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, 

p. 457 (1811) ,• Bechst Stubenvog. p. 610 (1794); id. Furze Uebers. 
p. 76 (1811); Vieill. X. D. xxv. p. 345 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. 
iii. p. 1385 (1823). 
Psittacus alexandri, var. Z, Gm. S. X. i. p. 321 (1788). 
Psittacus osbeckii, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 87, n. 16 (1790) ; Beehbt 
Furze Uebers. p. 75 (1812); Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 182 
(1821); Ohm's Isisf 1825, p. 1028. 
La Perruche a poitrine rose, Levaill. Ferr. pi. 31 (lbOl). 

35 . PALJSOENIS. 
469 

Javan Parrakeet, Shaic, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 426 (1811): Lath. Gen. 
Eist. ii. p. 122 (1822). 
Alustachoe Parrakeet, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, pi. 63 (ex Levaillant, 
but not the text) (1811). 

Pbittacus pondicerianus (part), Kuhl, Comp. Psitt. p. 33 (1820) 
Eahn, Orn. Atlas, Papag. p. 16, t. 5 (1834); Dubois, Orn. Gal 
pi. 71 (1839) {ex Eahn)] Mull et Schleg. Verhand. Lund-en 
Volkenk. p. 108 (1839-44). 

Whiskered Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Eist. ii. p. 63 (1822) (young). 

Palseornis pondicerianus (part.), Vig. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 54 (1825) ; 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 128 (partim) (1826); Sw. Zool. Ill 
2nd ser. i. pi. 16 (1829); Wagl Man. Psitt. p. 512 (partim) 
(1832); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 410, n. 12 (partim) (1846); 
Bemst. Journ. f Orn. 1859, p. 187; Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, 

p. 60; id. Nat. Tijclschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 139 (1863); Peh. 
Novara Peis., Vog. p. 97 (1805). 
Psittacus trimaeulatus (errore), Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 128 
(1826). 
Psittacu*> pondicerianus, Vig. Mem. of the Life of Raffles, p. 666 

Conurus ponticerianus (part,). Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 215 (1831). 
Phittacus (Belocercus) pondicerianus, Mull et Schleg. (nee Gm.) 

Verhand. Land- en Volkenk. p. 107 (1839-44). 

Palseornis ponticerianus, Eartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 84 (1844). 

Belarus barbatus (part.), Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, 

n. 150; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 15 (1869). 
Belarus pondicerianus (part.), Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, 
p. 208. 
Belocercus pondicerianus (part.), Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt. n. 147. 
Palseornis osbecki (partim), Eorsf. fy Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. 
Comp. ii. p. 622 (1856-58). 
Palseornis javanicus, G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 24 (1859); 
Mat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 208, n. 13; Wall, P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 282, 
293 ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 86 (1864); Blyth, Ibis, 1866, 

p. 353 (partim), 1870, p. 163; Schleg. op. cit. Revue, p. 36 (1874); 
Mat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 301; Nichols. Ibis, 1879, p. 165; Vorderm. 
Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Lid. xlii. p. 198 (1882); Sclat. List^ Vert. An. 
8th ed. p. 322 (1883); Vorderm. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xiv. 
p. 317 (1885); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 75 (Borneo) (1889). 
Palseornis javanica, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 436; Salvad. TJcc. Born. 
p. 25 (1874); ? Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 220 (Mas) (1878); 
Bias. Ver. f. Naturw. zu Braunschweig, iii. Jahresb. p. 87 (1883); 
Vorderm, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xlvi. p. 70 ("West Java), p. 224 
(1886); Everett, Journ. St. Br. of the Roy. As. Soc. 1889, p. 177. 
Palseornis vibrisca (part.), Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigt. 

p. ix (1863). 
Palseornis 
alexandri, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 59 (syn. emend.) (1868); 
Eume, Sir. Feath. ii. p. 19 (1874); Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 297,1874, 

p. 290 ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 7 (1877) (syn. emend.); Tweedd. 
Orn. Works, pp. 236, 281 (1881); Rchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 241 (Consp. Psitt. p. 129); id. Vogelbild. t. v. f. 3 (1878-83); 
Oates, B. of Brit. Burm. ii. p. 144 (1883). 
Belocercus javanicus, G. R. Gr. Eand-list, ii. p. 143, n. 8068 
(1870). 
Very much like P. fasciata, only a little smaller, and with the 
bill wholly red both in the male and female. 

PSITPACIB-E. 

470 

Male. Total length 13-5 inches, wing 6*1, tail 6-5, bill 1, tarsus 
0-54. 
Bab. Java and Southern Borneo. 
I have never seen a specimen o£ this Parrot from Borneo, where 
most likely it has been introduced in the southern part. 

a. Ad. sk. [India]. 
J. Inskipp [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Sir E. Belcher P._. 
c. $ ad. sk. East Java. A. R. Wallace JCf. 
d,e. <$ 2 ad. sk. Java {Leyden Mtiseitm). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. West Java. F. Nicholson "P.". 
g, k Imm. sk. Java. Tweeddale Coll. 
i} h. Skeletons. 

19. Palseornis caniceps* 
Palseomis caniceps, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. pp. 23, 51, 368 (1846); id. 
Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 6 (1840): id. J. A. S. B. xix. p. 233 
(1850); Bp. Ret. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 152, n. 146; Hartl 
Joum.f. Orn. 1854, B. p. Ixiii; Borsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E. 

I. Comp. p. 621 (1856-58); Gould, B. of Asia, vi. pi. 5 (pi ix., 
1857); Moore, P. Z. S.1859, p. 454: G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 
Mas. p. 25 (1859); Jerd. B. of hid. i. p. 264 (1862): Blyth, 
Ibis, 1863, p. 5 ; Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. m, 292; Pet. Nor am 
Reis., Yog. p. 98 (1865); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 83 (1868); Blyth, 
Ibis, 1873, p. 80 (note); Ball, 8tr. Feath. i. p. 61 (1873); Ilmne, 
Sir. Feath. ii. pp. 25,178 (1874); Wald. Ibis, 1874, p. 296; Bbfth, 
B. ofBurm. p. 56 (note) (1875); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 7 (1877); 
Bume, 8tr. Feath. viii. pp. 51, 87, n. 151 ter (187b); Rchnw. 
Vogelbild. t xiii. f. 1 (1878-83) ; id. Joitrn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 240 
{Comp. Psitt. p. 128); Ticeedd. Orn. Worlcs, p. 2S5 (1881). 
Belurus caniceps, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 2011 
Belocercus caniceps, Bp. Nawnamiia, 1856, Co/isp. Psitt. n. 149; G. 

R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 143, n. 8069 (1870). 
Palffiornis 
canicollis (errore), Rchniv. Jour. f. Orn. 18bl. p. 234 
(Comp. Psitt. p. 122.). 

Adidt male. Green, brighter on the rump and upper tail-coverts; 
head grey; the grey nape passing gradually into the green back; 
a broad black band from the forehead to the eyes; chin and broad 
mandibular stripes also black; primaries and their coverts Mack, 
washed with green on the outer web, and narrowly edged with 
blue towards the base of the outer web; tail green above, dull 
golden beneath • middle tail-feathers greyish, towards the tip, and 
in some specimens slightly tinged with bluish at the base, tip 
greenish: iris orange-red; upper mandible r^d, lower black; feet 
plumbcous-green. Total length 22 inches, wing 8*8, tail 14, bill 
1*15, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. The grey colour of the pileum and nape tinged with 
bluish; the bill wholly black. 
Bab. Confined to the Mcobar Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. [Pinang.] % India Museum [P.]. 
b, c. <3 ad. sk. Great Nicobars, April, Nov, Hume Coll. 
{A. de Roejistorff). 
35 . PALiEOKSTIS. 
471 
d-g. ($ 2 ad. sfc. Montshall, Nicobars, March Hume Ooll. 

(W. Davison), 
h-s. S $ ad. sfc. Kondel, Nicobars, March (W. D.). Hume Coll. 
t. 2 ad. bk. Kondel, Nicobars, July (A. de Hume Coll. 
Roepstorff), 
u, v. <$ 2 ad. sk. Kondel, Nicobars, March (W.D.). Tweeddale Coll, 

20.
" <S ad. sk. Little Nicobar, April (A. de Hume Coll 
Roepstorff), 

20. Pal&ornis modesta #, 
Palseornis 
nielanorhynchus, ifortf. (?z<?c Waql) Si/st. Ve?%%. Ges. 
Mas. p. 84 (1844) (Me Finsch, MS.). 
Palreornis modestus, Fras. P. Z. S. 1845, p. 16 ( 2) ,• G. R. Or. Gen. 

B. ii. p. 410, n. 13 (1846); Fraser, Zool. Tup. pi. 54 (1849); Blyth, 
Ibis, 1865, n. 42. 
Palseomis lucianse, Verr. Rev. et Maq. de Zool Nov. 1850, p. 598, 
pi. 13 (<J ad.). 
Palseornis erythrogenys, Fraser {nee meet.), P. Z. $. 1850 (Nov. 11), 

p. 245, pi. xxvi. (ad.). 
Belurus luciani, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 151. 
Belurus barbatus, part., Soimnce, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 209. 
Belurus modestus, Souance, ibid, (young). 
Belocercus barbatus, part., Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 
n. 148. 
Belocercus modestus, Bp. ibid. n. 150. 
Palceornis fraseri, Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. L Comp. ii. p. 021 (note) 
(1856-58). 

PaltBornis luciani, Gould, B. of Asia, vi. pi. 4 (pt.ix., 1857); G. 11. 
Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 23 (1859); Schley. JDierentfig. p. 72 
(1804); id. Mus. P.~B. Paittaci, p. 84 (Sumatra ?) (1864); Finseh, 
Papag. ii. p. 56 (1868); Hume, Str. Feath. ii. p. 19 (1874) ; 
ScMeq. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 36 (1874); Wold. Blyth's 

B. of Burmah, p. 55 (1875); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 10 (18*77); 
David et Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 2 (1877) (S.W. China); Rchmu. 
Journ.f Orn. 1881, p. 241 (Consp. Psitt. p. 130); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 60 (1883); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 322 (1883); 
Vordmn. Nat. Tijdsehr. Ned. Ind. Ii. p. 209 (1891). 
Belocercus luciani, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 143, n. 8064 (1870). 
Palseornis barbatus, Blyth (nee Gm. ?), B. of Burmah, p. 54 (1875) 

(Western China). 

Adult male. Green, forehead dark bluish green, passing to green 

* The following quotations may also refer to this species :— 
Mustacho Parrakeet, var. A, Bearded Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 238 

(1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 163 (1822). 
Psittacus barbatus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 325 (1788). 
Psittacus pondieerianus, var. /3, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 99 (1790). 
Palseornis pondieerianus, part., Vigors, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 54 (1825). 
Conurus erythrogenys, Less. Tr. cTOm. p. 215 (1831). 
Palseornis barbatus, Wagl Mon, Psitt. p. 514 (1832); Cr. R. Gr. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 410, n. 14 (1846); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 6 (partim; 
(1849). 
Beloeercus barbatus, 
G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 23 (1859); id. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 143, r». 8072 (1870). 


PSITTACIDiE. 

on the sinciput; crown dull reddish with a greenish tinge, occiput 
and nape brighter reddish; loral hands and broad mandibular 
stripes black; cheeks and ear-coverts bright brick-red; upper back 
pale yellowish green, more or less washed with bluish : lower back 
green tinged with bluish; uropjgium and upper tail-coverts bright 
oreen; fore neck and upper breast pale yellowish green, passing into 
bright green on the lower breast, abdomen, under tail-eoveits, and 
smaller and median under wing-coverts; wings green ; inner webs 
and under surface of quills and greater under wing-coverts dark 
blackish: central tail-feathers green, changing into blue towards 
the apical half, and slightly tinged with green at the tip, the other 
tail-feathers green; tail underneath dull golden olive : " iris yellow: 
upper mandible red with the tip whitish, under mandible black; 
feet grey" (Modigliani). Total length about 15*5 inches, wing 
8-25, tail 9, bill 1-25, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Green, lighter underneath; pileum greenish brown: 
frontal edge, lores, and mandibular stripes dark bluish green, almost 
black; cheeks and ear-coverts reddish, the last edged behind with 
a bluish band; tail above green, apical part of the central feathers 
blue, with the tip greenish; tail underneath dull golden olive : bill 
black. Total length 13 inches, wing 7*G, tail 6-75, bill 1*2, tar&us 0*7. 

Hub. Engano, off the west coast of Sumatra. Dr. E. Modigliani 
has quite recently discovered the habitat, previously unknown, of 
this bird; the two living specimens mentioned (Z. e.) by Br. Yorderman, 
as from Lampong (S. E. Sumatra), no doubt were from 
Engano. 

A very large male specimen, kept in confinement, now in the 
British Museum (specim. a), has the following dimensions ;—Total 
length 19 inches, wing 8, tail 11*3, bill 1*15, tarsus 0*65. 

a,b. c? 2 ad. st.
c. $ ad. st.
d. $ acl. sk. 
Indian Archipelago (?). Zoological Society "P.]. 
Zoological Society- [P.], 
(Type of species.) 
Gould toll. 
e,f. <$ 2 ad. sk. Engano, May 1891. Dr. E. Modigliani ~C.~. 

21. Palasornis nicobarica. 
Palseornis erythrogenvs, Blyth (nee Lesson, neque Bourjof). J. ul. S. B. 
xv. pp. 23; 51, 369 "(1846); id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 0 < 1849); 
id. J. A. S.B. xix. p. 233 (1650); Ilorsf. £ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. 
E. I. Comp. ii. p. 620 (1856-58); Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxui. p. fel 
(1858); G. B. Gr, List PM. Brit/Mus. p. 23 (1859|; Blyth 
Ibis, 1863, pp. o, 465 (partim), 1868, p. 132; Firtseh, Papaq. ii. 
p. 81 (partim) (1868); Ball, J. A. S. B. xxxix. p. 30 (partim) 
(1870); id. JStr. Feath.i. p. 601 (partim) (1873); !* Blyth, Ibis, 1*73, 
p. 80 (note); Hume, Sir. Feath. ii. pp. 23,181 (1674); Garrod, 
P/. 
Orn. 1881, p. 242 (Consp. Psitt p. 130) (partim)'/ Selat. Lid 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 323 (1883). 
BeluniR erythrogenys, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 152, n. 149. 

35. PALJ20ENIS. 
473 

Belarus barbatus, part., Soitance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 209. 
Belocercus barbatus, part., JBp. Kaumannia, 1856, Consp. JPdtt 
m 148. 
Pal&ornis nicobaricus, Gould, j?. of Asia, vi. pi. 6 (pt. ix., 1857); 
Pelz. Xovara Reis., Tog. p. 07(1866); Hume, Sir. Feath. viii. 

p. 87, n. 152 bis (1879); Oates, Nests & Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 91 
(1890). 
Belocercus ervthrogenys, part., G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 143, 

n. 5005 (18?0). 
Adult male. Green ; lores bluish black; pileum green ; cheeks and 
ear-coverts brick-red; broad mandibular stripes black; nape pale 
yellowish green, below the occiput slightly washed with lilac; 
interscapular region pale green washed with bluish; uxopygium and 
upper tail-coverts green; fore neck and upper breast yellowish 
green; abdomen and under tail-coverts brighter green; wings 
green, quills blue edged with green and washed with green towards 
the tips; primary-coverts blue; under wing-coverts of the same 
green as "che abdomen; middle tail-feathers blue edged with green, 
the others green, more or less blue along the middle; tail underneath 
golden oily-yellow: "upper mandible vermilion-red, yellow 
at the tip. lower mandible in some specimens horny black, in some 
yellowish horny, and in some dusky dingy red; hides in some 
specimens bright yellow, in some pale yellow, in some creamy 
white, and in some pale brown : orbital skin greenish brown or 
brownish green; legs and feet dull earthy or brownish green" 
(Hume). Total length 18 to 20 inches, wing 7*4 to 7*7, tail from 
vent 10*25 to 11*75, bill from nostrils to point 0*96 to 1*04, tarsus 
0*5 to 0*7. 

Adult female. Green ; the pileum has a slight tinge of olive; no 
light greyish glaucous tinge on the nape and interscapular region, 
which are green; the red colour of the cheeks duller than in the 
male; mandibular stripes black, slightly tinged with green; both 
mandibles blackish. Total length 15 to 16*5 inches, wing 7*3 to 
7*5, tail from vent 8*25 to 9*25. 

Young. Resembles the female, but both mandibles are dull red 
in very young birds. 
Hah. Nicobar Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Nicobar. 
India Museum [P.]. 
(Type of Palceornis eiythrogenys, Blyth.) 
b-f. Ad. sk. Nicobar. " Tweeddale Coll. 
{/-!. d ? ad. sk. Kondul, Nicobars, March (W. Hume Coll. 

Davison). 

m. S ad. sk. Montshall Is., Nicobars, March Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison), 
n. 
A ad. sk. Trinkut, Nicobars, Jan. E. W. Gates, Esq. 
[O.]. 
o-r. 6 $ ad. et Trinkut, Nicobars, Jan., March Hume Coll. 
imm. sk. (W. Davison). 
s, t. 6 ad. sk. Trinkut, Nicobars, Dec. (R. J. Tweeddale Coll. 
Wimberley). 
u, v, w. 6 ad. sk. Teressa, Nicobars, Jan. ( W. Hume Coll. 
Davison). 

474 PSITTJLCIDJ2. 
x, y. <$ ad. sk. Pilu Milu, Nicobars, Jan. (W. Hume Coll. 
Davison). 
z) a', V. $ § ad.
sk. 
Oar, Nicobars, Jan., March 
Davison). 
(W. Hume Coll. 
c\ g ad. sk. Camorta, Nicobars, Dec. (JS. Tweeddale Cull. 
J. Wimberley). 
$-tft $ 5 ad. sk. Camorta, Nicobars, Jan., Feb. Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
o'. $ ad. sk. Great Nicobar, April (A. de Hume Coll. 
Roepstorff). 
p'. J ad. sk. Little Nicobar (A. de RoejpHume 
Coll. 
storff). . 

22. Pala&ornis tytleri. 
Palaeomis 
erytkrogenys, Blyth, Ibis, 1860, p. 99, 150:3. pp. o. 405 
(nee Blyth, 1846); "id. in Mouat's Adv. § Res. Andam. !>/. p. 355 
(1863); Beav. Ibis, 1867, p. 819 (Andamans); Blyth, Mis. JM'S. 

p. 132 ; Finsch, Bapag. ii. p. 81 (partim) (1868): Ball. J. A. S. B. 
xli. p. 279 (1872); id. Sir. Feath. I p. 60 (partim) (1873): Bhfth, 
Ibis, 1873, p. 79 (note); Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 298; id. in Blyth'$ 
B. of Burma, p. 55 (1875); Rchmc. Journ. f Orn. 1881. p. 242 
(Consp. Bsitt. p. 130) (partim). 
Palssornis nicobaricus, 
Wald. (neo Gould) P. Z. S. 1860, p. 555 
(Andamans) ; Neict. Ibis, 1807, p. 319 (note) ; Ball, J. A. >V. B. 

xxxix. p. 241 (1871). 
Palceornis erytliropygius (errore), Blyth, Ibis, 1806, p. 221. 
Palseornis aiftnis, fi/tler (nee Gould), MS.; Bear. Ibis, 1^07, pp. 320, 
834 (J , Andamans); Blyth, Ibis, 1808, p. 132 ; Hume, Sir. Feath. 

ii. pp. 9, 24, 184 (1874) { Wald. Ibis, 1874, p. 290. 
Belocercus erytbrogenys, part., G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 143, 
n. 8005 (1890). 
Palseornis tytleri, Hume, J. A. S. B. 1874. p. 108; id. Str. Feath. ii. 
p. 454 (1874), viii. p. S7, n. 152 ter (1879) ; Tri<tr. Cat CoH. B. 
p. 75 (1889). 
Adult male. Eesembles tbe male of P. nicoharica, but it is somewhat 
smaller, and has the nape and upper back less yellowish and 
more strongly suffused with lilac and glaucous tinge; the same tinge, 
but lighter, appears on the breast, which is less yellowish. Total 
length 15*5 to 18*25 inches, wing 6*7 to 7*2, tail from vent 9 to 
10*5, bill from nostrils to point 0*87 to 0*95, tarsus 0*5 to 0*0. 

Admit female. Yery much like the female of P. nieobarica, only 
smaller and with the entire mandibular stripes deep green. Total 
length 15*5 to 15 inches, wing 6*4 to 6"9o, tail from Tent 6*5-5 to 8. 

Young has very little red on the cheeks. 
Hab. The whole Andaman group, including Nareondam and 
Barren Island, the Cocos and Preparis. 

a. cT ad. sk. Gt Coco Is., March ( W. Davi- Hume Coll. 
son). 
b. $ ad. sk. Coco Is., April (P. G. IF. B.). Tweeddale Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Table Is., Gt. Coco, March Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
d. e,f. 
<$2 ad. Little Coco Is., March (W. Hume Coll. 
sk. Davison). 
35 . PAL^ORfflS. 
475 
g. 
$ ad. sk Little Coco Is., March. E. W. Oates, Esq. 
[0-3h. 
$ ad. sk. Preparis Island, March. E. W. Oates, Esq. 
[0.]. 
i. J ad. sk Macpherson's Sts., March ( W. Hume Coll. 
Davison), 
k, 1-6 2 ad. sk. Aberdeen, S. Andamans, Dec. Hume Coll, 


(W. Davison), 
m-r. 
$ 2 ad. sk. Port Blair, S. Andamans, Feb., Hume Coll. 
Aug., No v. (W. Davison). 

s. 2 imm, sk Port Blair, S. Andamans, June Sliarpe Coll. 
(P. J. Wimherhy). 
i-o\ $ 2 ad. sk. Mt. Harriet, Andamans, March, Hume Coll. 
Nov., Dec. (W. Davison). 
p'-z'> 6 2 ad. et S. Andamans, Jan., Feb., Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. March, Nov. (22. G. W. JR.). 
fl'V'• d 2 ad. S. Andamans, March, May, Hume Coll. 
sk. Aug., Sept., (W. Davison)" 
ff", h". <3 2 ad. S. Andamans, April, Oct. (JR.Sharps Coll. 
sk f G. W. JR.). 
i",k",l". 
Ad. et Andamans, June (P. C. Bea-Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. van). 

23. Palseornis longicauda. 
Perruche de Malac, DAubent. PL Enl. 887. 
La grande Perruche a long brins, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 155 
(1779). 
Blossom-headed Parrakeet, var. C, Malakka Parrakeet, Lath. Sijn. 

i. p. 241 (1781); id. JSuppL p. 60 (1802); id. Gen. 
Hist. p. 165, 
with var. B (1822). 
Psittaeus longicauda, Bodcl Tall. PL Enl. p. 53 (1783). 
Psittacus inalaecensis, Gm. 8. N. i, p. 325 (1788) j Vieili Enc. Meth. 

iii. p. 1388 (1823). 
Psittacus ginginianus, var. S, Lath. Lnd. Orn. i. p. 100 (1790). 
La Perruche a nuque et joues rouges, Levaill. Perr. pi. 72 (1805). 
Psittacus erubescens, Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 437 (1811) j Haffl. 
Trans. Linn. 8oc. xiii. p. 281 (1820) (Sumatra). 

Psittacus barbatulatus, Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 77 (1811); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 32 (1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 728 (1831); 
Midi £ Schleg. Verh. Land- en VoZkenh pp. 108,377, 381 (183944). 


Palseornis malaccensis, 
Via. Zool. Journ. ii. p. 52 (1825); 8teph. 
Gen. Zool xiv. 2, p. 127 (1826); WagL Mon. Psitt. p. 514 (1832); 
8elby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 75, pi. 3 (1S36); 8trieU. P. Z. S.1812, 

p. 168; Blgth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 788 (1842); Hartl. 8yst. Verz. 
Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 5 (1849); 
id. J. A. 8 B. six. p. 233 (1850); Mottl § Dilho. Contr. N. II. of 
Lab. p. 26 (1855); Gould, B. of Asia, vi. pi. 10 (pt. x., 1858); Pelz. 
Novara Reis., Vd'g. pp. 97,162 (1865). 
Conurus erythrogenys, Less. Tr. WOrn. p. 215 (1831) 5 Pitcher. Rev. 
et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 163 ; 8clat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 71. 
Psittacus (Belocercus) barbatulatus, Mull. § Schleg. Verh. Land-en 
Volhenh. pp. 107, 471 (1839-44). 

Pakeomis 
longicauda, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii, p. 410, n. 10 (1846); 
Horsf. # Moore, Cat. B. Mm. E. I Comp. ii. p. 618 (1S56S&); 
Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 453; 8ioinh. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 427, 1871, 

476 PSITTACIDJ3. 

p. 391; Salvad. Ucc. Bom. p. 22 (1874) ; Sharp* P. Z. S. 1875, 
p. 104 (Labuan); id. Ibis, lb77? p. 9; Bruggem. Abk. Bremen, v. 
p. 454 (1877), p. 527 (1878); David et Oust Ois. Chine, p. 3 
(1877); thcnpe, P.Z.8. 1879, p. 825: Hume, 8tr. Feath. viii. 
p- ... 

p. 144 (1883) ; Mat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 322 (1883j; Bin*. 
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Ifitn, xxxiii. p. 23(1883}; id. Joirrn. f. Orn. Ibb4, 
p. 223; Vorderm. Eat. Tijdschr. Xed. Lid. xlvi. pi 224 fl^Oi, 
xhx. p. 388 (1889J; ? Hartert, Joum.f Orn. 1889, p. 373 ; Ei * ntt, 
Journ. Sir. Br. R. As. &x?.1889,p. 177; 8harpe,Ik\ 1890, p. 1 : 
Vorderm. Eat. Tijdschr. Eed. Ind. 1. p. 418 (1890). 
Palaeornis longicaudus, G. B. Gr. List Bsitt. Brit Mvb. p. 22 
(1859); Blyth, Ibis, 1863. p. 5 (svn. emend.): 3Mrf. P. Z. S. 
1603, p. 207; 7F?///. P. £. 6*. 1864.'pp. '282, 293; &#/<//. J/i/s, 
P.-P. Psittaci, p. 84 (1864); id. op. eit. Berne, p. 36 11874); 
Garrod, B.Z. 8. 1874, p. 587 ; Tridr. Cat Coll B. p. 75 <1N?0J. 

Conurus (!) malaccensis; Pitcher. Bet. et Mag. de Zool 1833, p. 161. 

Belurus malaccen&is, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 152, n. 14*; 
Souance, Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1850, p. 208; Sousa, 3/ws Ear. 
Lisb. Psittaci, p. 15 (1809). 

Belocercus malaccensis, Bp. Eanmannia, 1856, Omsj). Psitt, n. 140. 
Palseornis viridmrj stax, Blyth, J. A. S. B. XT. p. 440 (young) (1**50); 
id. Ibis, 1873, p. 80 (note). 
Y Palseornis aihnis, Gould, B. of Asia, vi. pi. 11 (pt. x., 1858); Bigth, 
Ibis, 1865, p. 43. 
Palseornis baibatulatus, Bosenb. Joum.f. Orn. 1862, pp. 59, 00; id. 
Eat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 138, 139 (18r3). 
Palseornis longicaudatus, Finsch, Papaq. ii. p. 77 (1808); Wahh Ihm}
lb72, p. 302 ; Blyth, Ibis, 1873, p. 80 (note); Hwne, Sir. Ftuth. 

ii. p. 23 (1874); Wald. Ibis, 1874, p. 278; Blyth, B. of Linm. 
p. 54 (note) (1875); Gieb. Thes. On}, iii. p. 9(1872): Tuttdd. 
Orn. Worls, pp. 218, 274 (1881). 
Belocercus longicaudus, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 143, n. 6003 
(1870). 
? Beloceicus affinis, G. B. Gr. I. c. n. 8071 (1870). 
? Palseornjfc javanica, Bosenb. (?iee Osb.f) Malag. Archip. p. 220 

(Nias)^fcB2i8); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. (2) iv. p. 510 (note) 
(1887). ^ ^ 
Adult male. Green, underneath yellowish ; pHeum grass-green; 
lores darker green ; sides of the head and a broad collar round the 
nape vinous red; broad mandibular stripes black; interscajjular 
region yellowish, washed with light blue; lower back and uropygium 
pale blue ; upper tail-coverts green; quills blue, edged with green, 
and washed with the same colour towards the tips; upper wing-
coverts olive-green ; axiUaries and under wing-coverts yellow ; 
central tail-feathers blue, edged with green at the base, the others 
green; tail underneath dull yellow: iris yellow: upper mandible 
red, lower mandible brown; feet greyish. Total length 16 to 
17 inches, wing 6, tail 9 to 10, bill 0-83, tarsus 0*5. 

* Von Bosenbei'g says that lie never found P. javanica m Sumatra, so that 
most likely also the bird from Nias is not the Javan species. But conf. 
Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 362. 
36 . POLYTBLIS. 477 
Adult female. Green, pileum a little darker; sides of the head 
reddish: ear-coverts posteriorly washed with bluish; broad mandibular 
stripes dark green; quills blue, washed with green towards 
the tip ; tail as in the male, only shorter ; bill horny brown. 

Young male. Resembles the female, only smaller ; the uropygium 
washed with blue, and the upper mandible red. 
Hah. Pinang, Malacca Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra, Nias, 
BiUiton, Borneo, and Labuan. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Pinang (Dr. Cantor). India Museum [P.]. 

c. (5 intra, sk. Selangore, Nov. (W.Da visori). Hume Coll. 
d, e. $ $ ad. sk. Klang, Selangore, May, Oct. Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
f. Ad. sk. Malacca. Rajah Brooke [P.J. 
g, h, i. Ad. sk. Malacca. Cuming Coll. 
k-n. Ad. sk. Malacca, Jan., Aug. Hume Coll. 
0, j). Ad. et inirn. Malacca (Dr. Cantor), India Museum [P.]. 
sk. 
q-b'. $ $ arl. sk. Johore, Aug. ( W. Davison). India Museum [P.]. 
c', d'. $ 5 ad. sk. Singapore Island, May, Nov. Hume Coll. 

( W. Davison). 
e ,f. Ad. sk. Sumatra (A. B. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
</'. Ad. sk. Sumatra (A. JR.. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
h't i\ $ 2 ad, sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace, Esq. 
[P.]. 
k\ <$ ad. sk. Kaban, Sumatra (H. 0. Sharpe Coll. 
Forbes). 
/'. S imm. sk. R. Rawas, Sumatra (H. 0. Skarpe Coll. 

Forbes). 
m'-o'. Ad. sk. Billiton. Tweeddale Coll. 
p'. ^ imm. sk. S&v&-wak,Sej)t.(A.H.Fverett).Hume Coll. 
q'-t1. Ad/sk. Sarawak (A. H. Foerett). Tweeddale Coll. 
u'. Ad. sk. Labuan (H. Low) Sharpe Coll. 
v'. Ad. sk. Labuan (H. Low). Tweeddale Coll. 
w\ Skeleton. 

36. POLYTELIS. ^, _ 
Ml Type. 
Polytelis, Wagl Mon. Fsitt p. 489 (1832) w0^ barrabandi. 
Barrabandius, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 2 (1850) P. barrabandi. 

Polyteles, Gould, P. Z. S.1863, p. 232. 
Range. Confined to Australia. 


Key to the Species. 

No red patch towards the tip of the innermost 
greater wing-coverts and innermost secondaries. 


a'. General colour green; male with the sinciput 
and throat yellow; female with the forehead 
and cheeks tinged with bluish, and the inner 
webs of the lateral tail-feathers margined 
with rosy red barrabandi, p. 478. 

b'. General colour green ; forehead and rump 
bluish ; lower part of the cheeks and throat 
pale rose-colour; inner web of the lateral tail-
feathers margined with rosy red ( $ ?) alexandm, p. 479* 

478 
PSITTACIDJE. 

b. A rosy-red patch towards the tips of the imiermost 
great wing-coverts and innermost secondaries; 
general colour of the male, including the rump, 
jonquil-yellow; female duller, more olive, and 
with the inner webs of the lateral tail-feathers 
edged with rosy red melaaura, p. 479. 
1. Polytelis "barrabandi. 
Psittaeus barrabandii, SID. (neeKM) Zool. Illmtr. I pi. 50 (1850-21 ). 
Scarlet-breasted Pariot, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii. p. 121 (1S'J2K 
Palieornis barrabandi, Tig. Zool ' Joitm. ii. p. 5fj fl525«; Tig. Sc 

Horsf. Trans. Linn. Sac. xv. p. 287 C1S26;: iSteph. Gtn. Zool xiv. 
2, p. 128 (1826); Tig. Zool Jour. iii. p. 244 11827); &,#//, Xat. 
Libr., Parrots, p. 69, pi. i. (1830j ; G. Ii. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 410, 
(1846). m • 

Psittaeus swainsoni, Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xxxix. p. 39 (1^26/. 

Paleornis? 
rosaceus, Vig, Zool. Jour a. v. p. 274 (YOURS I (1S30); 
Lear, Parr. pi. 80 (1832); Less. CompL de Buff. i £ p. ' (18371; 
id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 614 (1838); G P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 410, 

n. 7 (1846). 
Polytelis ? barrabandi, Wagl. Man. P-nrt. pp. 4S9,510 (1^32); Gould, 
Syn. B. Austr. pt. iv. pi. —.figs. 2, 3 (— r); id. B, Att^tr. v. pi. 15 
(pt. xviii,, 1845); Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 7 (lb 11)); Relink 
Xeuentd. Tog. X. Roll. n. 454 (1850); Gould, llamih, B. Austr. 

ii. p. 31 (1865); G. P. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 138, n.fel)05 (1&70J ; 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. X.S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 464 (187*); tialein, 
Cat B. Stricld. Coll. p. 4-58 (1882) ; Mat. List Vert An. 8th ed. 
p. 324 (1883); Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 482 (1S&>); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 75 (1889); Ramsay, Cat. Au4r. Binh. Psittaci, 
p. 40 (1891). 
Psittaeus sagittifer barrabandi, Bourj. Perr. pi. 4 (1837-38). 
Psittaeus sag ittifer rosaceus, Bourj. Perr. pi. r» (lS37~3b|. 
Barrabandiu* ro^aceiih, Bp. Consp. At\ i. p. 2{1NJ'H; id. Rev. ei 
Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 182; Souann\ Per. e( Mffg.de Zool. 
1856, p. 212; Bp. Xaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n. 1*4. 

Platycercub rosaceus, G. P. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mi/*, p. 9 (1859); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 98 (1864): id. op. cit. Revue, p. 40 
(1874). 

Polyteles barrabandi, Goi/ld, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 232 ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 692 ; Heine et Rclmw. Nomencl. Mus. Hem. Or a. p. 241 
(1890). 

Polyteles rosaceus, Finse?i} Ned. Tijdsckr. Dierk. i. Berigt. p. xi 
(1863). 

Platycercus barrabandi, Finseh7 Papag. ii. p. 259 (1867); Gieb. Tim 
Oni. iii. p. 216 (1877) ; Rclmw. Togelbild. t iii. £ 1 (1878-83) ; 
id. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 133 (Qmsp. Psitt. p. 69). 

Adult male. Green: sinciput, cheeks, and throat rich gamboge-
yellow ; immediately beneath the yellow of the throat a crescent of 
scarlet; lores and orbital region green; occiput emerald-green • 
quills, bastard-wing, and primary-coverts bluish green; quills 
underneath black; tail-feathers green, with a bluish tinge, underneath 
black, with lighter tips: thighs green, but sometimes red; 
"iris orange-yellow; bill rich red; feet brown" (Gould). Total 
length 16 inches, wing 7*2, tail 9, bill 0-7, tarsus 0-57. 

36 . POLYTELIS. 
479 
Female. Green; face bluish grey; front part of the neck greyish 
green ;^ chest slightly tinged with dull rose-colour; thighs scarlet; 
primaries bluish green; central tail-feathers green, bluish in the 
middle; the remainder bluish green, with the inner webs edged 
with rosy red: " iris brown; bill pale reddish orange; feet dark 
brown" (Gould). 

Hah. Australia, from New South Wales through the interior to 
Victoria and South Australia. 

a. Ad. fet. Australia. Warwick. 
b. J ad. sk. Australia. Warwick. 
c. Ad. sk. Australia. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
d-g. <$ ad. et ad. sk. Australia {J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Oo]l. 
h. Imm. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
i. $ ad. sk. New South Wales. Hume Coll. 
2. Polytelis alexan&rae. 
Polyteles alexandrae, Gould, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 232. 
Polytelis alexandrae, Gould, Handb. B. Austr, ii. p. 32 (1865); id. B. 
Austr., Suppl. pi. 62 (pt. iv., 1867); G. B. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 138, 

n. 8007 (1870); Biggies, Syn. B. Austr. p. 70, pi. 70 (1877); 
Bamsay, Pr. Linn. tioc. N. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 466 (1878) ; id. 
Tab. List, p. 16, n. 484 (1888) ; id. Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, 
p. 43 (1&91); Ibis, 1891, p. 298. 
Plats cercus 
alexandrae, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 261 (1868); Bchnw. 
Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 191 (Consp. Psitt. p. 69); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 17 (1883). 

Forehead delicate light blue; lower part of the cheeks, chin, and 
throat rose-pink; head, nape, mantle, back, and scapulars olive-
green ; lower part of back and rump blue; shoulders and wing-
coverts pale yellowish green; external webs of the principal primaries 
dull blue ; breast and abdomen olive-grey; thighs rosy red ; 
upper tail-coverts olive, tinged with blue; two centre tail-feathers 
bluish olive-green ; the two next on each side olive-green on their 
outer webs, and dark brown on their inner ones; the remaining 
tail-feathers tri-coloined, the central portion being black, the outer 
olive-grey, and the inner rosy red: bill coral-red; feet mealy 
brown. Total length 14 inches, bill i, wing 7, tail 9, tarsus £. 
(Gould.) 

Hah. Central and Northern Australia. 

Quite recently, in the ' South Australia Register,' Aug. 23, 
1890, Mr. M. Symonds Clark has mentioned and described two 
living specimens of this rare bird, which were taken from the 
nest in the neighbourhood of Charlotte Waters, about lat. 25° 40' S., 
long. 134° E. 

3. Polytelis melamira. 
Palseornis melanurus, Fig. in Lear, Parr. pi. 28 (ad.) (1832). 
Palseornis anthopeplus, Pig. in Lear, Parr. pi. 29 (young) (1832). 
Pakeornis melanura, Sturt, JEJxped. in Austr. pi. —, p. 191 (1834). 
Psittacus sagittifer melanin a, Bourj. Perr. pi. 5 (ad.) (1837-38). 
Psittacus sagittifer anthopeplus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 7 (young) (1837-38)* 

PSITTACIDJS. 

480 

Polytelis melanurus, Gould, Syn. B. Austr. pt. IT. pL —. f. 1 (—:-); 
id. B. Austr. v. pi. 18 (pt. xviii., 1845); Rcfoih. Xeuenid. Vor/. X. 
Boll. n. 453 (1850); Bulk, Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170: Gould, 
Uandb. B. Austr. ii. p. S3 (1865): G. R. Gr. Hand-lht, ii. p. 138, 

n. 8006 (1870): Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Sue. X. S. XT. Ii. p. 193, it. 465 
(1878); Salvin, Cat. B". Stricld. Coll. p. 458 (1^S2»; Selat Li*f 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 324 (1883); Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 483 
(1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 75 (1889): Ramsay, Cat. Amtr. 
JWs,Psittaci, p. 42(1891). 
Platjcercus nielanuru^, 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. Ii. p. 410, n. 16 (1^4t>) : 
id". List Psitt. Brit. Mict. p. 9 (18591: JSomtt/er, Journ. f. Orn. 
1859, p. 360; Schlea. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 99 (1864): JFYW/J, 
Papag. ii. p. 256 (1868); Schlep Mus. P~B. Psittaci, Ret ue, 

p. 40 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 218 (1577): RcJunc. VogelbikJ. 
t. iii. f. 6 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 134 (Cony. Pnft, 
p. 70). 
Psittacus melanuru*, Thienem. FoHpfi. d. ge$, Vug. p. 73 il^46|. 
Barrabandius nielanurus, Bp. Consp. Av. I. p. 2 jlfcoO) : id. Rev. ef 
Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 183 ; Svvaact, j& v. et Mag. de 
ZooL 1856, p. 212; Bp. Xaumamiia, 1856, Comp. PsiiL it. 1*5. 
Polyteles melanurus, Selat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 433; Go>tM, P. Z. S. 
1863, p. 232 ; Finsck, Xed. Tijdsehr. Dierk. I. Berlgt p. x! (1*»3). 

Adult male. Head, neck, shoulders, ramp, and all the under surface 
jonquil-yellow 5 head, nape, and upper tail-coverts tinged with 
olive; interscapular region olive; scapulars blackish; a large patch 
on the wing at the tip of the innermost greater wing-coverts red 
also the innermost secondaries on their outer web near the tip red 
quills black, deep purple-blue on the outer web, underneath brown 
tail-feathers deep purple-blue, underneath black with the tip lighter 
" iris bright red; bill scarlet; feet ash-grey n ( Gould). Total length 
about 16 inches, wing 7'5, tail 8*5, bill 0*8, tarsus 0*05. 


Female. Dull olive-green, back and scapulars darker ; rump and 
upper tail-coverts olive, the longer upper tail-coverts duller; breast 
and abdomen olive, with a yellowish tinge; a great patch on the 
wing-coverts greenish yellow; primaries, some of the secondaries, 
bastard-wing, and primary-coverts deep blue, margined externally 
with olive; the innermost secondaries and the innermost greater 
wing-coverts red towards their tips; under wing-coverts yellowish 
olive; tail-feathers bluish green, black on the inner web and underneath, 
the three (sometimes all the five?) lateral tail-feathers 
margined on their inner web and tipped with rosy red: " bill scarlet; 
feet ashy grey " (Gould). 

Eab. South Australia, from Xew South Wales to Western 
Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. Murray P., S. Australia. Sir G. Grey [ P.I. 
b. Iinrn. sk. Murray P., S. Australia. Sir Gr. Grey "P.], 
t?, d. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Capt. Sturt [P.V 
*,/, g. Ad. sk. S.W. Australia (/. T. Cocherell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. S ad. sk. Victoria. 
Hume Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Adelaide, S. Australia. Purchased. 
h. Imm. sk. Australia. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Gould Coll. 
m, n. Skeletons. Australia. 
37. PTISTES. 
481 

37. PTISTES. 
Type. 
Ptistes, Gould, JSandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 37 (1865) P. erythropterus. 


Range. Australia and Timor Grroup. 

Key to the Species. 

Upper tail-coverts yellowish green ; tail grass-
green, tipped with yellow-green; rump blue. 

a. Rump deeper blue,* interscapular region 
black, a broad red patch on the upper wing-
coverts (male) ; interscapular region green, 
tail-feathers edged with rose-colour on the 
inner web (female) erythropterus, p. 481. 
b. Rump paler blue; interscapular region green; 
only the anterior upper wing-coverts red; 
outer tail-feathers broadly edged with yellowish 
on the inner web. 
a\ Upper wing-coverts yellowish green ; interscapular 
region green,with the feathers 
edged with blue in the adult male ... . jonquiZZaceus, p. 483. 

b'. Upper -wing-coverts green like the back.. wetterensis, p. 484. 

1. Ptistes erythropterus. 
Crimson-winged Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 299, n. 103 (1781) • id. 
Si^pl i. p. 60 (1787) j id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 253 (1822). 

Psittacus erythropterus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 343, n. 120 (1788) ; Lath. 
Ind. Orn. i. p. 126, n. 130 (1790); Bechst Lath. Uebers. p. 101 
(1811) ; Vieill. N. JD. xxv. p. 373 (1817); XuhZ, Consp. Psitt p. 53 
(ad. bird only) (1820) ; Vieill. Eric. Meth. iii. p. 1404 (1823J; 
Thienem. Fortpfl. d. ges. Vog. p. 73 (1846). 

Psittacus melanotus, Sham, Nat Misc. pi. 653 (1789-1813) ; id. Gen. 
Zool viii 2, p. 467 (1811). 

Platycercus erythropterus, 
Vig. Zool. Journ. i. p. 528 (1825) ; Vig. <§* 
Ilorsf. Traps. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 284 (syn. emend.) (1826) ; Steph. 
Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 123 (1826); Vig. Zool Journ. iii. p. 244 
(1827) ; Waql Mon. Psitt. p. 536 (1832) ; Lear, Parr. pis. 14,15 
(1832) ; Bourj. Perr. pi. 35 (ad.) (1837-38); Less. Compl deJBvff. 
Ois. ix. p. 223 (partirn) (1837), 2nd ed. p. 612 (1838); Hartl. Syst 
Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 84 (1844); O. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 23 
(1846); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 7 (1849); G. JR. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 9 (1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 

p. 92 (1864); Nitzsch, Pterylogr. (Engl, ed.) p. 101 (1867); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 2(*2 (partirn) (1868); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, Berne, p. 38 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 217 (partirn) 
(1877); Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. iii. f. 3 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 126 {Consp. Psitt p. 62). 
Aprosmictus erythropterus, Gould, P, Z. S. 1842, p. 112; id. B. Austr. 

v. pi. 18 (pt. viii., 1842); Bclmb. Neuentd. Vog. N. Holl. n. 185 
(1850); Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 3 (syn. emend.) (1850) ; id. Bev. et 
Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 153, n. 160; SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool 
1856, p. 210; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 161; BoZle, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 170; Zuchold, Journ. f. Om. 1858, pp. 39, 
234; JSclat P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 234, 365; Gould, P. Z. S. 1863, 
VOL. XX. 
2 I 

482 PSI2TAOIDJ3. 

p. 232; Finsch, Xed. TijdscJir. Dierk. i. Berigt. p. xiii (1803); 
Rosen?). Town, f. Orn. 1804T p. 112 (partial) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 138, n. 8008 (1870); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1*74, p. o>7 ; Rammy, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. IF. ii. p. 193, n. 469 (1*781: Salvad. Orn. 
Pap. e MoL i. p. 144 (1S80); Salvin, Cat. B. Stricht. Cull p. 459 
(1882); Selai. Lis* Vert An. 6th eel. p. 324 ^artlm) il^3); 
Broadb. Pr. R. Sue. QueensL ii. p. 124 (l^Sil, iv. p. 27 (1W) ; 
Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16, m 480 (l*b8j; id. Cat. Austr. Birds, 
Psittae'i, p. 37 (1891). 
Platvcercus (P^iltaeiib) nielanotus, Less. Discr. Mamm. et Ois.y. 184 
(1847). 

Ptibtes ervthropterus, Got/Id, Haadb. B. Av*tr. ii p. 37 (1*<~; ; 
Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 002: Cab. u. Rchnic. J»»rn. f. Orn. 
1876, p. 324 (Peel Island); Xorth, De&r. Cat. JW« > JOyt/s 
Aadr. Birds, p. 2oo (1^9). 

? Aprosmlctus ervthropterus, Tar., G. R. Gr. Cat. B. X tr Gvia. p. oU 
(Xew Guinea*!; (1859); id. P.Z.8. 1861, p. 436 (XuwGuIn.a, 
Wallace!). 

? Aprosmictus ervthropterus (part.), Rvsenb. Joitrti. f. Orn. 1^64, 

p. 112 (South Coast of Xew Guinea). 
Smaller llac\ 

Aprosmictus erytliropterus, Rlsey (ntc Gm.), P. Z. S. ]*v>7, pp. 27, 
221; Selat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 324 (18S3) (j art). 

Ptistes coccineopterus, Gould, JSandb. B. Ai/*fr. ii. p. 39 (l^tJoj ; 
Masters^ Pr. Linn. Soc.X. S. W. ii. p. 274(lfc77); Ramsay} Pr. 
Linn. Soc. X. S. W. (2) i. p. 1094 (lbbO). 

Platvcercus erythropterus (part.), Innsck, Papig. ii. p. 262 (IMS^); 
Gieb. Dies. Orn. iii. p. 217 (partiui) (1877); Be Vis, Pr. R. *$V. 
Queeml. iv. p. 236 (1889). 

Aprosmictus coccineopterus, G. R. Gr. Hand-U4, ii. p. 139, n. ^009 
(1870); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. ii. p. 193. n. 47U f 1^}; 
*tf. Tab. List, p. 16, n. 486 a (18*8j ; TV/tfr. Cat. Cull. B. p. 73 
(18^9). 

Aprosmictus coccinopterus, £v7«/. P. Z. & lb71T p. 769. 
Platycercua coccineopteru-., Rchmc. Joi/rn. f. Orn. 1^1, p. 1:>7 
(Consp. Pbitt. p. 63); ?#. Voyelbiid Xachtr. n/14 f i**s3f. 
Aprosmictus ervthropturu<5, var. cocemeopterik; Ramsay, Cat. Amir. 
Birds, Paittaci, p. 39 (1891). 

Adult male. Green, underneath yellowish green ; crown and nape 
verditer-green ; interscapular region and scapulars black ; lower 
back and rump deep blue; upper tail-coverts yellowish green ; 
primaries daik green, secondaries nearly black, the inner ones dark 
green ; upper wing-coverts rich crimson-red, with the base of the 
feathers yellow; edge of the wing green ; a few black feathers below 
the bend of the wing ; under wing-coverts yellowish green ; quills 
underneath dark brown ; tail above dark green, irndei neath dark 
brown, the tip of the tail-feathers yellow i.-h green : Cfc irides reddish 
orange in some, scarlet in others; bill orange-scarlet; feet olive-
brown " (Gould). Total length 13-5 to 12*5 inches, wing 8 to 7*5, 
tail 5'G to £>'2< bill 0-75, tarsus 0*68. 

Adult fanale. Bull green, under surface yellowish green; rump 
blue; upper tail-coreits yellowish green; some of the outermost 

37. PTISTES. 
483 
median upper wing-coyerts edged with red. the outermost greater 
upper wing-coverts red; secondaries blackish green; tail as in the 
male, but the lateral tail-feathers edged with pink on the inner web; 
the pink colour appears also on the yellowish-green tip of the tail-
feathers : " irides olive-brown ; bill light horn-colour " (Gould). 

Hah. Eastern Australia, from Eockingham Bay to Dawson River, 
and North Australia, from Derby to Cape York. 

The Northern birds have been specifically separated as A. coccineopterus, 
Gould. They are generally smaller than the Eastern ones ; 
but there are in the British ITtiseum some specimens from Northern 
and Western Australia which are as large as the Eastern, so 
that I have been compelled to unite P. coccineopterus with P. erytJirojj 
tents. 

Larger Race. 

cc. Ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, E^q. [P.]. 
b, c Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Sir T. Mitchell [P.~|. 
f. Ad. sk. W. of Upstart Bay, May. J.B.Jukos,Eac[.[P.l. 
(j, h. S ad. et Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. 
2, k. Ad. sk. S. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll. 
/, ?n. Ad. sk. "Western Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
?z, o. Ad. sk. N. Australia. Purchased. 
p} q. Skeletons. 

Smaller Race (A. coccineopterus, Gould). 
r, s. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. "W. Chambers 
LP.]. 

t. 3 ad. sk. Port Essington, Nov. /oy. 
Voy.H.M.S.'Rattle


snake.' 
u,v. Ad. et[$ ] N.W. Australia. J.R.Elsey,Esq.[P.]. 
inim. sk. 

w. Ad. sk. Point Pearce. J.R.Elsey,Esq. [P.]. 
„r, ?/. Ad. sk. N. Australia (T. C. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
z. 
Imm. sk. N.W. Australia. Capt. Bowyer Bower 
a'. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Linnean Soc. Coll. 

2. Ptistes jonquillace-tts. 
P>ittacus jonquillaceus, 
VieilL N. D. xxv. p. 352 (var. ?) (New 
Holland!) (1817) ; id. JEnc. Meth.iii. p. 1390 (1823); Pucker, 
Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 563 j Ilartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, 

p. 422. 
Psittacus ervthropterus (partim), KuM, Consp. Psitt p. 53 (1820); 
Quoy et Gaim. {nee Gm.) Voy. de V Uran. p. 116, pi. 27 (1824) 
(Timor). 

Platycercus erythropterus, Less, (nee Gm.) Tr. WOm. p. 208 (Timor'* 
(1831); Bourj. Perr. pi. 35 6 (ad.) (1837-38); Less, Compl d 
Buff., Ois. ix.'p. 223 (partim) (1837), 2nd ed. p. 512 (1838). 

Platycercus jonquil]aceus, Waql. Mon. Psitt.y. 533, n. 13 (1832) (?) 

G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 9 (1846) (?) ; Bdimo. Journ. f. 
2i2 
484 
FSITTAGIB^. 

Om. 1881, p. 126 (Qonsp. Psitt p. 82); id. TogelMld. Xachtr. 13 
(1883). 
Platycereus Yulneratus, JT%/. Jfo/z. Psitt. p. 533 (1832); G. B. Gi\ 
Gen. B. ii. p. 408 (1846): Pucker. Bti\ ei Mag, de Zuol 1*&2, 

p. 563 ; Sartl. Journ. f. Orn. lbo®f p. 422; G. B. Gr. List Pm'tf. 
Brit. Mus. p. 10 (1859) : Bosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1502, pp. 6tX 67" 
(Timor): id. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. hid. 1^G3, pp. 145, 147 : WaV. 
P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 282, 203 (Timor); Sehleg. Mus. P»-B. Paittaci, 
p. 92 (1864); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 20o |Ibl>|?* &hhg. Mm. 
P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue, p. 39 (partim; special, from Timor only j 
(1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 220 flS77i. 
Psittacus 
vulneratus, S. Mull. Verh. La ad-en VtAhah. p. 1*4 
(Timor) (1839-44). 
Aprosmictus yulneratus, Bp. Per. et Mag. di ZwJ. l*v»4, p. 153, 

n. 162; Sonant^ Bev. et Mag. de ZmJA^k p. 210; Up. Xtwmannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. HJ2: Selaf. P. Z. S. lotin, p. 22ft; 
Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 348 ; id. P. Z. & 1^>S, p. 4-4 ITim.** ; 6'. Jtt. 
6?r. Hand-list, ii. p. 139, n. 8010 (lb70); 2>iVr. Cnt. GAL B. 
p. 75 (1889). 
Aprosmictub Fmelanotus, Bp. {nee Less.) Bev. ei Maq. tie Z<** I KAt 
p. 153, n. 161. 
Psittacus rubripennis, Sehleg. HandMd. p. 183 (CVI*'bes ? J I <u U 
Aprosmictus eiythropterus, part, Bosenb. Journ.f. Orn. 1H<»IT p. 112, 
Ptistes Yulneratus, Gould, Mandb. B. Audr. ii. p. 37 (ldt&J. 
Adult male. Green, interscapular region darker, with the feathers 

edged with, blue ; rump bright blue; upper tail-coverts yellowish 

green; under surface yellowish green; upper wing-coverts yellowish 

green, some of the outermost ones red; a blue spot near the bend 

of the wing; quills dark green, the primary-coverts dark green 

edged with blue; tail dark green, tipped with greenish ydlm\% 

lateral tail-feathers edged on the inner web with yellowish; tdil 

and quills underneath black: bill red; feet du>ky. Total length 

13*5 inches, wing 6*9, tail 6*4, bill 0*b, tardus 0*7/ 

Adult female. Like the male, but want^ the blue edtre* to the 

feathers of the interscapular region and the blue spot near tli#* bend 

of the wing. 

Young. Like the female, but the yellowish tinge on the upptr 

wing-coverts is ^ ery slight or scarcely perceptible. 

Ilab. Timor. 

a, b. c. 6 ad., S $ E. Timor. A. E. Wallutv, E>q. *1*. . 
imm. sk. 


d. 2 ad. sk. Timor Coupang. A. K. Wallace, E % T. \ 
** J
e. Skeleton. 
3. Ptistes wetterensis. 
Platycereus yulneratus (part.), Sehleg. Mm. P.-B. P*ittaciT Heme, 
p. 39 (specim. from Wetter) (1874). 
The bird from Wetter, of which there h but one femak in the 
British Museum, according to Schlegel differs from the Timor form 
in being smaller and in having less red on the wing-coverts, these 
being without yellowish tinge, and of the same green colour as that 
of the back. 

38 . 
APKOSMIGTTJS. 
485 

Female. Total length 12*5 inches, wing 7'1, tail 6-3, hill 0-8 
tarsus 0-75. 
Hal. Wetter Island, on the east of Timor. 

Aprosnnctus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. Il l A. cyanopygius. 

a. $ ad. sk. Wetter {Hoedt). Tweeddale Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
38. APHOSMICTUS. 
. ^ Type. 

Range. Australia and the Austro-Malayan Subregion. 

Key to the Species. 

Upper tail-coverfcs not yellowish green. 

a. Wings green. 
«'. Upper tail-coverts more or less olive-green ; 
the light hand on the upper wing-coverts of 
the male verdigris-green; red-colour scarlet, cyanopygius, p. 48G. 

b'. Upper tail-coverts "blue like the rump; redcolour 
carmine. 
a". A yellow-green patch on the upper wing-
coverts of the males. 

of". Head red, nape from the occiput blue; 
interscapular region black (male) ; 
female with no light patch on the 
wing-coverts; head, neck, and breast 
green like the back; feathers of the 
throat and breast edged with dull 
carmine-red chloroptenis, p. 488. 

bu\ Head and neck red; no blue colour on 
the nape; interscapular region blue, 
scapulars black (male) ; female resembling 
that of A. chbropterus .... callopterus, p. 489. 

V, Wings, both in males and females, with 
no light band or patch-on the wing-
coverts. 

etn. Two outer tail-feathers broadly edged 
with rosy red on the inner web; back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts blue in 
the adult birds, green, with more or 

less blue, in the young birds. 

a 
. Bill black, with the base of the upper 
mandible red amboinensis, p. 489. 
&l. Bill entirely black, or only tipped 
with light horn-colour burue?isis, p. 4 
tf". Tail-feathers with the inner webs entirely 
black in the adult birds, tipped 
with rosy red in young birds. 

cK Bill black, with the base of the upper 
mandible red; back blue in the 
adult bird, green in the young v .. dorsalis, p. 491. 

dK Bill all reddish also in the adult bird; 
back in the adult birds (?) green, 
more or less tinged with blue on the 
edges of the feathers suJaensis, p. 492. 

h. Wings like the back and tail, deep blue hypophonius, p. 492. 
PSITTACID-E. 

1. Aprosmictus cyanopygins *. 
Tabnau Parrot, Phill. Toy. Bat Bay, pi. to p. 153 (1789); Wliiie, 
Joum.of a Toy. to 2\ew South Wales, pi. to p. 105 (ad.J, 109 
(jun.) (1700). 

Psittacus tabuensis, Tar. /3, Lath. Ind. Orn. I. p. 85 (1790K 
Psittacus tabuanus, Shaio. Mas. Lever, ii. p. 29. pi. 8 (1790j. 
La Grande Perruche a. collier et croupon ileus, Zee a ill. Perr. 


pis. ob (S ad.), 50 ( § jim.) (1801). 
Tabuan Parrot, var. A (tf) et B ( J jun.), Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 81 
(1802). 
Psittacus tabuensis, var. y, Z«tf#. >SV/^/;/. J?z^. Orn. p. xx ( $ j lm.) 
(1*02). 

Pbitlacus tabuensis, ;$7^?r, G^?z. ifro/. % Hi. 2. p. 407 fVxel. Tar), 
pi. 65 (1811); Bechsf. Kurze Ueb. p. 09 (1611;; Haha, Orn. AtL, 
Papag. p. lo. t. 4 (1834). 

Psittacus cyanopygius. VirilL X .D. XXT, p. 339 (1817) |c.r Levaillant)) 
iff. Enc. Jfeth. iii. p. 1381 (1823); id. Gal. dm Ois. iii. 
pp.l,2,plfl.l,2(-?). 

Psittncus &capulatus; Bechst. fide KvM7 Consp. P&ift p. 50 (1^20); 
7'<w#, <7wi'. Vehers. p. 731 (1831). 

Platvcercus scapularis (errore ?), KuM, Consp. Tsitt. p. 07 (1820); 
Si?. £ooZ. J//. 2nd ser. pi. 2G (1829); £«*. 2>. <TO/v*. p. 207 
(1831); Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 305 (1830); Zm . C'<w>*p/. ^ M ix. 

p. 219 (1837), 2nd ed. p. 011 (1838). 
Scarlet 
and Green Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 110, TUT, A, B 
(jun.) (1822). 

* The following bird, according to Ramsay, is only an individual variety 
(Jvkits natures) of Apro&mictus eyemopyyius. The only specimen Ino'nn wus 
shot a few miles north of the village of Dalby, on the Darling Downs, in 
Queensland. Mr. Shaw, who shot the bird, informed "Mr. Ramsay that it had 
paired with a female, in the oidinary plumage of that sex, of A. tyanopyyiub:— 
APROSMICTUS INSIGNISSDIUS. 

Aprosmictus insignissimus, Gould, P.Z.S. 1874, p. 500, 1875, p. 314: 
id. JB. XLW Gvin. pt. i. pi. 9 (1875); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. hoc. X. & W 

ii. p. 193, n. 4G8, et p. 208 (lusus nat.) (1878); Id. Tab. Lht, p. £0 
(1888). 
Platyeercus 
insignissimus, Bchiw. Jottrn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 127 (Consp. 
PsitL p. 63); id. Vorjelhild. Xaehtr. n. 15 (1883). 

" Head emerald-green, excepting the centre of the crown and a pateh on 
the nape, these parts being scarlet, the green forming a narrow frontal line 
between the nostrils and the crown; round the hind neck a narrow collar of 
emerald-green; baek, including the mantle and scapulars, deep grass-green, 
each feather obscurely edged with darker colour; lower back and rump 
shining blue; upper tail-coverts bright grass-green ; all the tail-feathers above 
deep grass-green, with indistinct narrow bars of darker colour on e-very one of 
them; the underside of the tail uniform purplish black; wings green," with a 
broad longitudinal patch of yellow, many of these feathers edged with scarlet, 
this mark being very indistinct and similar to that seen in the male Pfitfes; 
under wing~eo\erts greenish blue; inner lining of quills purplish black like 
the lower surface of the fail; under surface of body scarlet, with dashes of 
bright green on the flanks; under tail-coverts green, fringed with scarlet: 
both mandibles of the bill bright orange-red; legs blackish- Total length 
15^ inches, wing 9, tail 7|, tarsus |." {Gould.) 


38 . ArKOSMICTUS. 
487 

Platjcercus scapulatus, Tig. Zool Jour. i. p. 528 (1825); Tig. cj* 
llorsf. Trans, Linn. Soc. xv. p. 284 (1826) j Stepft. Gen. Zool. 
siv. % p. 122 (182G); Vig. Zool Jour. iii. p. 244 (1827); Wagl. 
Mon.Psitt. p. 537 (1832); Marti Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 84 
(1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 25 (184<J); id. List Psitt 
Brit. Mus. p. 10 (1859) ; Homey er, Joum.f. Orn. 1859, p. 300; 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 89 (1864); Puss, Jour. f. Orn. 
1871, p. 230; Schleg. op. cit Revue, p. 37 (1874) ; Gulliv. P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 489; Rohmo. Vogelbild. t. iii. f. 4 (tf & §) (1871-83) ; 
«U Jbzer?z. / . 0?2. 1881, p. 127 (Ctoz^. Psitt. p. 03). 

Aprcsmictus scapulatug, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 112 ; id. B. Austr. 

v. pi. 17 (pt. via., 1842); Rchnb. Neuentd. For/. N. IZoll n. 184 
(1850); myth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 7 (1849); Bp. Rev. et 
Mag. de^ Zool 1854, p. 153, n. 163; Sowmce, Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool 1850, p. 211 ; Bp. Naumannia, 1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 164; 
Bolle, Joum.f. Orn. 1856, p. 170 ; Ilorsf. § Moore, Cat. B. Mns. 
E.L Comp. ii. p. 624 (1858); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 234; 
Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. JDierh. i. Berigt. p. xiii (1803); Gould, 
Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 35 (1805) ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 407 (1808) ; Miill. P. Z. S. 1809, p. 279; 
Simd. Meth. not. Av. disp. Tent. p. 71 (1872); Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1873, pp. 405, 034, 1874, p. 587 ; Forbes, 'Ibis, 1877, p. 282; 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 324 (1883); Broadb. Pr. R. Soc. 
Queensl iv. p. 27 (1887); Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 485 
(1888) ; Cox |-Hamilt. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iv. p. 417 
(18fe9); De Vis, Rep. Sc. Exp. N. Queensl p. 33 (1889); North, 
Baser. Cat. Nests # Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 255 (1889) ; Ramsay, 
Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 35 (1891). 
Platycereus cyanopvgus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 245 (1808); Russ, 
Joum.f. Orn. 18*70, p. 30 ; Gieb. T/ies. Orn. iii. p. 210 (1877). 
Aprcsmictus cyanopygius, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 139, n. 8011 


(1870); Salvin, Cat. B. Strickl Coll p. 459 (1882). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and all the under surface scarlet; back 
and wings green; a line bounding the scarlet at the back of the 
neck, also the rump, deep blue; a band along the cubital wing-
coverts pale verdigris-green; under wing-coverts green edged with 
blue; inner web and under surface of the quills black; under tail-
coverts scarlet, but the base of the feathers dark blue ; upper tail-
coverts dark olive; tail above black, with an olive tinge, the outer 
tail-feathers show a blue tinge; tail underneath black: " irides 
yellow; bill scarlet; legs mealy brown" {Gould). Total length 
17 inches, wing 8-7, tail 8-5, bill 0*95, tarsus 0-7. 

Female. Head, nape, back, and wing green; throat and chest 
dull green, tinged with red; abdomen scarlet; under tail-coverts 
green, broadly edged with red; rump blue, with the base of the 
feathers green; upper tail-coverts green; tail above green, the 
lateral tail-feathers tinged with blue on the outer web; bill 
dusky. 

Young. Resembles the female, but has the lateral tail-feathers 
with rose-colour tips. 
Hab. Eastern Australia, from Port Denison to Yictoria. 

a. Ad. sk. [Variety.] Zoological Society's Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. A. Cunningham, E*q. [_P.]. 
PSTTTACIDJE. 

c, d. Ad. et imm. Glouid Coll. 
sk 
e f. Ad.sk. N.E. Queensland. Sydney Museum'P.], 

G. tf adLsk! Clarence Paver. Tweeddale Coll." 
h i. S 
ad. sk. New South. Wales (J. T. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Cockerell). 

k. S ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Coll. 
I Imm. sk. Sydney. Tweeddale Coll. 
m. Imm. sk. " Tweeddale Coll. 
7i. J ad. skeleton. New South Wales. 
o,p. Skeletons. 
2. Aprosmictus cHoropteras. 
Aprosmictus cliloropterus, Pamsay, Pr. Linn. Soe. X. S. TV. iii. 
p. 251 (1879); iv. p. 9(5 (lb79); Sahad. IkX 1875), p. 320; 
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc.? ZooL xiv. p. G2S {1>79) : Pchntc. u. 
Schal. Journ. f. Orn. 1880, p. 2(b; >&//•//£ Or/?. itep. <• Mol. i. 
p. 130 (1880) ; ztf. Jfos, 1681, p. 287; Sharpe, Jour a. Linn. She., 
ZooL xvi. p. 4:25 (1882); Sahad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xviii. 
p. 418, n. 4 (1882); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 31 r> (lb^2); 
Fi?isck u. Meyer, Zeitsehr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 3; Salrad. Mem. 
P. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 159 (18fc9). 
Aprosmictus broadbenti, Sharpe, Ann. <$• Mag. X. II. (o) iii. p. 313 
(1879); id. Ibis, 1879, p. 307, 1880, p. 379; IteJuiw. u. SehaL 
Journ. f. Orn. 1879, p. 312. 

Platvcercus 
chloropterus, liclmw. Journ. f. Orn. 1861, p. 130 
{Consp. Psitt. p. 66); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 16 (1883). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and under surface carmine-reel; nape, 

rump, upper tail-coverts, and under wing-coverts bright blue; 

interscapular region 
and scapulars black, with a slight tinge of 

green; under tail-coverts dark blue, broadly edged with red; 

wings dark green ; a yellow-green long patch from the bend of the 

wing to the innermost greater upper wing-coverts ; edge of the wing 

blue; tail above dark blue, with a tinge of green towards the base; 

quills and tail below black: bill black, with the base of the upper 

mandible red; feet black. Total length 14-8 inches, wing 7*6, 

tail 8-7, bill 0*9, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Gfreen; throat and breast duller, with the feathers 

edged with dull red; abdomen red; under tail-coverts dark blue, 

broadly edged with red; rump and upper tail-coverts blue: central 

tail-feathers dark green, towards the tip blue, lateral tail-feathers 

more blue and less green at the base, all tipped with rosy red : bill 

and feet as in the male. 

Young. Like the female, but with no red edges to the feathers 
of the throat and breast; the bill in the dry skin dark towards the 
base, yellowish towards the tip. 

Hob. South-eastern New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. — Broadbent [C.]. 
(Tvpe of A. broadbenti, Sharpe.) 
b. Ad. sk. 
Port Moresby. " Gould Coll. 
c. Juv. sk. 
Gould Coll. 
38 . APEOSMICTUS. 489 
d, e. $ ad. et $
imm. sk. 
Goldie Kiver. C. Plunstein, Esq. [C.]. 
/ . d ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts., June Tweeddale Coll. 
(A. Goldie), 
g. Imm. sk. Astrolabe Mts. Dr. Eomillj [P.]. 

3. Aprosmictus callopterus. 
Aprosmictus callopterus, If Alb. e Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. 
p. 29, n. 10 (1879) ; Gould, B. New Gum. pt. x. pi. 1 (1879); 
Rchnw. u. Schal. Jbum.f. Orn. 1879, p. 312; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e 
MoL i. p. 135 (1880); id. Ibis, 1881, p. 287; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. xviii. p. 418, n. 3 (1882); id. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 514 
(1882); Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. iii. p. 3 (188G); Salvad. 
Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 159 (1889). 
Platycercus callopterus, Rchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 129 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 6o); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 1(3 (1883). 

Achdt male. Head, neck, and under surface carmine-red; interscapular 
region, uropygium, and upper tail-coverts bright blue; 
scapulars black, edged with blue; wings green, the innermost 
secondaries and the outermost middle upper wing-coverts very dark, 
nearly black ; smaller, median, and innermost greater upper wing-
coverts yellowish green, forming a large patch on the wing-coverts ; 
tail above blue-black, underneath black: " bill black, base of the 
upper mandible red; feet black ; irides yellow or orange-yellow " 
(UAlhertis). Total length 14-8 inches, wing 7-7, tail8-3, bill 0-81, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Green ; abdomen red; rump and upper tail-coverts 
bright blue; front neck and breast olive-green, with the edges of 
the feathers red; tail above blue-black ; under wing-coverts green: 
*' bill black, base of the upper mandible red " (D'Albertis). 

Hob. Central New Guinea, along the Ply Biver, and also the 
northern coast between long. 136° 30' and 137° E. {Meyer). 

4. Aprosmictus amboinensis. 
Psittaca amboinensis coccinea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 378, t. 28. f. 2 
(1760). 

Psittacus amboinensis, 
Linn. S. N. i. p. 141, n. 9 (1766); Bodd. 
Tabl PL JSnL p. 14 (1783) ; Gm. S. N. i. p. 316 (1788); Lath. 
Ind. Orn. i. p. 86 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. p. 407, vai*. 
(1811); Bechst.Kurze Uebers. p. 67 (1811); Vieill. Enc. Meth. 

p. 1382 (1823); Temm. Tabl. MSth. p. 60 (1839). 
Perruclie rouge d'Amboine, D'Aubent. PL Bnl. 240. 
Lori Perruche tricolor, Buf. Hist. Wat Ois. vi. p. 138 (1779). 
Amboina red Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 210 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist. ii. 
p. 118 (1822). 
Platycercus amboinensis, 
Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 539 (1832); 67. i2. 
Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 26 (1846); Wall. Ibis, 1860, p. 306, 
1861, p. 285; id. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 282 (partim); ScJdeg. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 90 (partim) (1864) ; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 156 
(partim) (1865) ; Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierh. iii. p. 184 (partim) 

490 PSITTACIDJS. 

(I860); Fmscft, Papag. ii. p. 249 (partim) (1868); G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 139, n. 8014 (partim) (1870); ticMeg. Mus. 
P.-P. Psittaci, Revue, p. 37 (partim) (1874) ; tiieb. Thes. Orn. 

iii. p. 215 (partim) (187(5); Rchnw. Journ, /. Orn. 1881, p. 128 
(Consp. Ptitt. p. 04); id. Vogelbild. Xacktr. 10 (lb83). 
Aprosmictits arnboinensis, Bp. Rev. et Mar/, de Zool. 1&54, p. 153, 

ii. 165 ; «<£. Naumannia, 185b', Consp. Psitt. n. 103; 2?6>/fc, Juurn. 
f. Orn. Ife56, p. 171; JF«//. 1625, 1861, p. 311; Ro^enb. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1862, p. 61; 6'«/^. Orw. P^ . £ 3/o/. i. p. 137 (1^0) : 
'id. Mem. R. Ac. tic. Tor. ser. 2, ai. p. 159 (loSD). 
Adult male. Head, neck, and all the under surface carmine-red; 
under tail-coverts blue on the hidden bases ; back, scapulars, rump, 
upper tail-coverts, under wing-coverts, and edge of the wing deep 
blue; wings green; tail black-blue, underneath black; inner w eb 
of the two or three outer tail-feathers broadly edged with ro&y 
red : irides jellow; bill black, with the base of the upper mandible 
red; feet blackish. Total length 17*7 inches, wing 6*2, tail 9, 
bill 0-95, tarsus OS. 

Young. Interscapular feathers green, edged with blue. 
Hub. Amboyna and Coram. 

a. $ ad. sk. Ceram. A. R. Wallace, Esq. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. Imm. sk. 
E. Ceram (.4. R. Wallace). 
Amboyna. 
[CM-
Gould Coll. 
LL O. Forbes, Efeq, 
[U.]. 

5. Aprosmictus buruensis. 
Aprosmictus sp., Rosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 61 (Bioru). 
Aprosmictus arnboinensis, Wall, (nee Ztnn.) P. Z. ti. 1863, p. 21. 
Platjcercus amboinensis, part., Wall. P. Z. ti. 1864, pp. 'Jb'2, 293; 

tichleg. Mus. P.-B. P&ittaci, p. 90 (partim, specim. from Bouru) 
(1864) ; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 156 (partim) (lbf5); tit-Meg. Sed. 
Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. sp. 184 (partim) (1866); Fimeh, Papag. 
ii.' p. 249 (partim) (1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 137, 

n. 8014 (1870); tichleg. Mvs. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 37 
(partim) (1874) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 215 (partim) (lb7U). 
Apiofc-mictus buruensis, Salcad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 371 
(1876), x. p. 27, n. 19 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e MoL i. p. 138 
(1880). 

Platjcercus buruensis, Rchnic. Journ. f. Orn. 1831, p. 129 (Consp. 
Pbitt. p. 65) ; td. Vogelbild. Xachtr. 16 (18b3). 

Similar to A. amboinensis, but the bill is either entirely black, or 
black with the tip of the upper mandible reddish. Total length 
17-7 to 16-9 inches, wing 8-2, tail 9 4 to 9*1, bill 0*92 to 0-89, 
tarsus 0*88. 

Hah. Bouru. 
It seems that in this species the interscapular region is always 
green with the edges of the feathers blue. 

a. J ad. sk. Cajeli, Bourn, Nov. II. O. Forbes, Esq. T).]. 
38 . APKOSM ICTUS. 
6. Aprosmictus dorsalis. 
Psittactis (Platycercus) dorsalis, Quoij et Gaim. Toy. Astrol., Zool. i. 
p. 234, pi. 21. f. 3 (1830) (type examined). 
Platycercus tabuensis, less, \nec Gm.) Tr, d'Om. p. 207 (1831) 
(ex Nova Guinea). 
? Conurus dorso-caeruleus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 41 (1837-38) (ex Nova 
Guinea). 
Platycercus dorsalis, Less. Compl de Buff, 2nd ed., Ois. p. Gil (1838)* 

G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 104; id. Cat. B. New Gum. p. 59 (1859); 
id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 430 ; Bemst. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. hid. xxvii. 
p. 297(1864); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 282; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 91 (1864) • Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 156 (1863); Schleg. 
Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk iii. p. 184 (1866) ; G. P. Gr. Hand-fat, li. 
p. 139, n. 8012 (1870); Meyer, Sitzb. Isis zu Dresd. 1875, p. 76; 
liosenb. lleid. naar Geelvinkb. p. 83 (1875) ; Cab. u. Itchnw. 
Joum.f. Orn. 1876, p. 324, n. 71; Pchnxu. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 129 (Consjx Psitt. p. 65); id. YogelUld. Nachtr. 16 (1883). 
Pbittacub dorbalis, 6'. Mull. Verh. Land-en Tolkerik. pp. 22, 107 
(1839-44). t 
Apro&mietus amboinensis, Sclat. (iiee Linn.) Jour. Pr. Linn. Soe. 

ii. p. 164, n. 102 (1858). 
Platycercus amboinen&is, G. P. Gr. [nee Linn.) Cat. B. New Gidn. 
p. "38 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 158 ; id. List Psitt. Brit 
Mas. p. 10 (1859) (ex Nova Guinea); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 249 
(1868). 
Aprosmictus dorsalis, Sclat P. Z. S. 1860, p. 227; Wall Ibis, 1861, 

p. 311; liosenb. Joum.f. Orn. 1862, pp. 63, 64, 67; id. Nat. 
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. l-±3, 222 (1863); id. Jour. f. Orn. 
1864, p. 112, n. 1; Sclat. Ibis, 1874. p. 418; Salvad. Ann. Mus. 
Cio. Gen. vii. p. 754 (1875), x. p. 27, n. 20, p. 119 (1877); id. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 140 (1880), iii. p. 515 (1882); Nehrh. 
Jour. f. Onz. 1885, p. 31; Gidllem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 619 ; Meyer, 
Togel-Skelett. t. Ixvi. (1879-88); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. So. Tor. 
sei\ 2, xl. p. 159 (1889). 
Adult. Very similar to A. amboinensis^ but much smaller, and 
with no red edges on fche inner webs of the lateral tail-feathers; 
the carmine-red colour of the head, neck, and tinder surface somewhat 
deeper: bill black, base of the upper mandible red; feet 
blackish. Total length 15*7 to 4*9 inches, wing 7*5 to 7*1, tail 7*5 
to 7*3, bill 0-9, tarsus 0*65. 

Female and Young. Have the interscapular region green, with 
the feathers more or less edged with blue • tail-feathers tipped 
with red. 

Hah. North-western New Guinea and the surrounding western 
Papuan Islands—Salawatty, Batanta, Waigiou, and Ghemien. 

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Baron Laugier's Coll. 
b. Ad. ek. A. R. Wallace, Esq. [0.1. 
ct d, e. $ ad. et Dorey. A. E. Wallace, Esq. [O.J. 
juv. sk. * 

* This young specimen has the bill entirely reddish, like the Sula birds. 
492 PSITTAC3DJE, 
/ ; g, h. Ad. etimm. sk.
i. Ad. sk. 
Xew Guinea. 
Xew Guinea (A. B. Wallace), 
A. R. Wallace, Esq 
[G._ 
Tweedilale Coll. 
k. Jiiv. sk. New Guinea. Purchased. 
I. Juv. sk. Waigiou (A. JR. Wallace). Gould Coll. 

7. Aprosmictus sulaensis. 
Platvcereus dorsalis, var., Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 333, 337 (partim, 
Sula IsL only), 1804, pp. 282, 293 (partim). 

Aprosmictus 
suiaensis, ilchmc. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 123 {Cony). 
Psitt. p. 64), lb6l;, p. lib ; tiakad. Orn. Pap. e Mot. ill. p. 313 
(1882J. 

" This bird agrees with my specimens from Xew Guinea, but the 
bill in those is black, with a red spot at the base only, near the 
nostrils ; in this variety the bill seems all reddish, except a pale 
tip and dusky portion at the sides of the upper mandible '* ( Wallace). 
Total length 14 inches, wing 7, tail 7*4, bill 0*b2, tar&us 
0*65. 

Young, Breast dull green, with the feathers broadly edgijd with 
red; interscapular region green, with no blue edges to the feathers. 
Hah. Sula Islands. 

Out of eight specimens contained in the British Museum, not one 
has the interscapular region blue as in the adult A. dorsalis ; three 
have the interscapular region entirely green, and these I take to be 
young birds; while the other five have some feathers of the interscapular 
region edged with blue. I suspect that in the fully adult 
birds the interscapular region never becomes entirely blue. 

a-L Ad. (?) et imm. sk. Sula Islands. A. E. Wallace, Etq. ~C.\ 

8. Aprosmictus hypopkoniTis. 
Psittacus (Platvcereus) hypophonius, S. Mi'dL Verh. Land-en 

VoUcenk. p. 181 (1839-44). 
Platycercus hypopbonicus, G. P. Gr. Gen, B. ii. p. 408, n. 27 {1840). 
Aprosmictus hypophonicus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL I>34, p. 133, 

n. 106; id. Kaifmanma, 1830, Consp. P&itt. n. 100. 
Platvcereus 
hypophonius, G. It. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mas. p. 11 
(1839) ; id. >. Z. S. 18C0, p. 330; Walt. P. Z. & 1804, pp. 2^2, 
293; Schleg. Mm. P.~B, Psittaci, p. 91 (1804); Fi/mh Xeu-
Guin. p. 150 (1803); id. Papaq. ii. p. 234 (1808); G. It Gr. 
tfand-list, ii. p. 139, n. 8313 (1870); ScMeg. Mus. P.-B.7 Kittaci, 
Bevue, p. 38 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 217 (lb76j; lichmt. 
Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 130 (Consp. Psitt. p. 00) ; id, Vogelhild. 
Xachtr, 16 (1883). 

n. 21 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 143 (1880); id. Mem. It 
Ac. Sc. Tor. sex. 2, xl. p. 139 (1889). 
Adult male. Head, neck, and under surface crimson-red; back, 

•upper tail-coverts, wings, and tail above deep bine, the cubital wing
39. PYBRHULOPSIS. 
493 

coverts brighter; quills and tail underneath black: bill black, with 

the base of the upper mandible red; feet blackish. Total length 

15*3 inches, wing 7*6, tail 7*5, bill 0*86, tarsus 07. 
Adult female. Perhaps like the male, only smaller. 
Young, Feathers of the sides and of the interscapular region 
edged with olive-green; tail-feathers tipped with red ; bill red. 
Bab. Halmahera. 

a-d. Ad. et imm. sk. Halmahera. A. R Wallace, Esq. [0.]. 

e. Imm. sk. Halmahera. Tweeddale Ooll. 
39. PYKBHULOPSIS *. 
Typo. 
Pyrrhulopsis, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat tab. Ixxxii. (1850). P. parsonata. 
Pro&opeia, Bp. Rev. et Mag de Zool. 1854, p. 153 P. per»onata. 
Prosopgea, Bp. Naumannia, 1856; Consp. Psitt. gen. 37. 

Range. Fiji Islands, and also Tonga Islands, where at least one 
species has been introduced. 


Key to the Species. 

a. Head, neck, and underparts red. 
a'. Head, neck, and underparts bright carmine-
red ; a broad blue collar on the nape splendens, p. 493. 
b'. Head, neck, and underparts dark cherry-red. 
a". A broad blue collar on the nape tabuensis, p. 494. 
b". A narrow blue collar on the nape, scarcely 


perceptible; rump-feathers (constantly ?) 
edged with dark cherry-red koroensis, p. 496. 
c". No blue collar on the nape: size smaller .. taviwiensis, p. 497. 

b. Head and neck green, like the remaining upper 
parts ; face black; middle of the breast yellow, 
of the abdomen orange personate, p. 497. 
1. Pyrrhulopsis splendeus. 
?Tabuan Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 116* ( J ex Ins. Feejee) 
(1823). 

Platycercus splendens, Beak, U.S. Fxpi Fxped. p. 127, pi. 34. f. 1 
(1848); Hartl. Wiegm. Arehiv, 1852, pp. 105, 132; id. Joum, 

f. Orn. 1854, p. 1G8; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 12 (1859); 
id. List B. Trop. 1st. p. 30 (1859); Bchleg. Dierent p. 73 (1864); 
Hartl Ibis, 1864, p. 232; Sclat P. Z. S. 1866, p. 203; Finsch v. 
Hartl Faun. Centr\~Polyn. pp. 20, 275, t. ii. f. 2 (egg) (1867); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 237 (1868); Finsch tc. Hartl Jour. f. Orn. 
1870, p. 124; Grdfe, Jour. f. Orn. 1870, pp. 402, 417, 418; 
F. L. Layard, P. Z 8.1875, pp. 30, 425 (part.) ; JSalvin, Ibis, 1876, 
p. 143 (note); F. L. Layard, ibid. pp. 143, 390, 391; id. P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 501; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 219 (1877) ; Finsch, P. Z. S. 
1877, p. 728; Nehrh. Jour. f. Orn. 1879, p. 394 (egg) ; Moseley, 
Not. Ohalleng. pp. 304, 322, 324 (1879); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xvi. 
* In Pyrrhulopsis splendens the f urcula is complete (^G-arrodj P. Z, S. 1878, 
p. 590); I have found it complete also in P. iabuensk. 
494 PSITTACIDJE. 

f. 4(1878-83); id.Jounuf. Out. 1881, p. 131 {Consp. Psitt. p. 62); 
Finsch, Toy. CJmlkng., Birch, p. 41 (1881). 
Aprosmictus splendens, Souance, Fev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 211: 
J5p. Faumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 167; Cass. U.S. Fipl. Ftp., 
Mamm. 8f Cm. p. 287, pi. xx. f. 1 (185ft). 

Pvrrhuk psis sp>lendens, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 158, 375; G. JR. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 139, n. 8016 (1870); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 683; 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587 ; WHtmee, Ibis, 1S75, p. 436; Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1876, p. 308; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 1(59 ; Garrod, Coll. 
Sc. Pap. p. 248 (1881); Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 335 (1883); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 78 (1889). 
Platvcercus tabuensis (part.), Sehleg. Mm. P.-B., Fsittaci, p. 89 (ind. 
n/2) (1864); id. op. cit. Fevue, p. 36 (part.) (1874). 

Adult male. Head and all the under surface crimson ; across the 
nape a blue band ; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and wings green; 
primaries and their coverts blue, the outermost secondaries also 
blue, the next ones green, tinged with blue along the middle; under 
wing-coverts bluish green ; tail above blue, with a green tinge 
towards the base, especially of the central tail-feathers; quills and 
tail underneath black: " irides orange; bill and feet black " 
(Layard). Total length about 18 inches, wing 9*3, tail 8*5, bill 
1-18, tarsus 0-92. 

Adult female. Like the male, only smaller. 
Young. Like the adult bird in colouring: the bill apparently 

horny brown. 
Bob. Fiji Islands: Yiti Levu and Kandavu. 
Some specimens show the feathers of the rump edged with 


cherr}T-red. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Fiji Islands. Purchased. 

c. (S ad. sk. M'bau, Fiji, August (J. Tweeddale Coll. 
Brencliley). 
d, e. Ad. et juv. M'bau, Fiji; August. J. Brencliley, Esq. 
sk. fP."\ 
f-i. cJ $ ad. sk. Kandavu. ' Challenger ? Exped. 
*k. 6 ad.sk. [var.]. Kandavu, August (F. L. Tweeddale Coll. 

Layard). 
l} m, n. <$ § ad. Kandavu, April, August Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. (F. L. Layard). 

o.p. $ ad.sk. Pewa river, March, June Tweeddale Coll. 
(F. L. Layard). 
q. c? ad. sk. Pewa river, June. E. L. Layard, Esq. 
[o.]. 

2. Pyrrlralopsis tabuensis. 
Tabuan Parrot, Lath Gen. Syn. i. p. 214, n. 16, pi. 7 (1781) (Tonga 
Talboo); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 115 (part.), pi. 22 (1822). 
Psittacus tabuensis, Gw. S. F. i. p. 317, n. 56 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Cm. i. p. 88, n. 19 (sine var. /3) (1790); Beclist Furze Helen, i. 

p. 986, pi. 9 (1811); Tieill. F. D. xxv. p. 340 (part.) (1817); 
VKuJilj Camp. Psitt. p. 57 (1820); Vieill Fnc. Meth. iii. p. 1282 
(part), pi. 221. f. 4 (1828); Voigt, Gw. Uelers. p. 731 (18-31). 
Tsiltaciis atro] urpureus, Shaw, Mus. Lever, p. 140 (with pi.) (1792): 
id. Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 409 (1811), 

39. pnutiiuxorsis. 
495 

Platycercus tabuciiHis, Tig. Zool Jour. i. p. 529 (1825), ii. p. f>H) 
(1820), iii. p. 245 (1827); Lear, Parr. pi. l<> (18^2) ; Gould, Syn. 

B. Austr. pi.—, f. 2 (head) (L8—F); G. R. Gr. Gen. 11 ii. p.4*08, 
n. 28 (RVII. emend.) (184(5); ,WM. i>. X S. 1819, p. 14 (I'Vejoo 
Isl.) J Peh. &7S&. AJ. ^4A Tfrm. H7w, xx. p. J(MJ (185(5); G. Jl Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit Mas. p. 11 (partim) (lSoO); ?>/. ZM //. 7V^. /«/. 
- 30 (partim) (1859); Solder/. Mo-eat. p. 7iJ (1HCU) ; ?V. MM. VP..-£. P&ittaci, p. 88 (1804); 'Finseh u. IhtrtL Faun. Centr.-Polgn. 
p. 36 (ind. n. 1) (1874) ] F. L. Lagard, Ibis, 1875, p. 425; 
Ibis, 1870, p. 143 (note); E, L. Bayard, Ibh. 187(5, pp. 143, 39.)' 
391; id. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 500 ; Finseh, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 729, 771; 
Gieh. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 220 (part.) (1877); Ne/rrk. Jour. f. Om. 
1879, p. 394 (egfc) ; Moseley, Not. Chall. p. 292 (1870); 'Jivhnw. 
Joum, f. Orn. 1881, p. 131 (Consp. Ptitt. p. 07); Pe!z. u. Lor. 
Ami. h. naturh. Hofmus. 1888, p. 38. 
Platycercus atrogularis, Peale, U.S. F.rpl Lap. p. 129, pi. 35 (1818); 
JEtartl. IViegm. Archiv, 1852, pp. 100,132 ; id. Jour. f. Orn. 1854, 

p. 108; Finsch u. Ilartl. Joum.f. Orn. 1870, p. 123. 
Platycercus anna, Gough (nee Bonrj.), P. Z. S. 1849, p. 14; G. 11. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit. MILS. p. 11 (1859). 
Aprosmictus tabuensis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 153, n. 104 ; 
id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. a. 105; Cass. U.S. Fipl. Fxp., 
Mamm. # Orn. p. 234 (1858). 

Aprosmictus atrogularis, Soiumce, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 211; 
Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 108. 
Pyrrhulopsis atrigularis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 158 (Ngau), 1876, 
pp. 307, 308. 

Pyrrhulopsis tabuensis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 158 ; G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 139, n. 8018 (1870); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, p 083,1875, p. 62, 
1876, pp. 307, 308: id. List Vert. An. 8tli ed. p. 334 (1883); 'Prist. 
Cat. Coll B. p. 78 (1889). 

Platycercus (?) leari, Bp.,Jide G.R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 139 (1870). 

Adult male* Head, neck, and underparts dark cherry-red, face 
darker ; a broad blue band across tho nape; back, rump, upper 
tail-coverts, and wings green; primaries and their coverts blue ; 
trndcr wing-coverts green; tail above blue, base o! tho central 
feathers and of the outer webs of the lateral ones tinged with 
green: "irides orange; bill and feet black" (Lagard). Total 
length 17 inches, wing 10, tail 9, bill 1*3, tarsus 0*98. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller. 
Hah. Fiji Islands—Yanua Levu; and introduced into Eooa 
(Tonga Islands) from Fiji. 

a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. sk.
. [cjjad.sk,
d. 6 ad. sk.
c 
Fiji Islands. 
Fiji Islands. 
Yanua Levu, October (T.
Kleinschnidt). 
Ngau Isl., Fiji, October (F. 
Lient.F.W.Gough[P.\ 
A. B.Gordon, Esq. [p.], 
Twoeddale Coll. 
Voyage of II.M.S, 
M. Rayner). 'Herald.' 
e. J ad. sk. Bua, Fiji, May (F. L. Twoeddale Coll. 
Lagard). 

496 PSITTACTDiE. 

/. <$ ad. bk. Eooa, Tonga Isl., February Tweeddale Coll. 

(E. L. Layard). 
g. Skeleton (Incomplete). 
3. Pyrrlmlopsis koroensis. 
? Psittacus hysginus, Ford, 31S.; id. Icon. hied. t. 42; id. (Licht. ed.) 
Descr. An. p. 159 (Eaoowe) (1844). 
? Platycercus hysginus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 540 (syn. emend.) 
(1832); Hartl. Wiegm. Archiv, 1852. pp. 100, 132*; id. Jouni. 

f. Orn. 1854, p. 169; G. P. Gr. List B. Trap. Isl p. 30 (syn. 
emend.) (1859); Salvin, Ibis, 1876, p. 143 (note); Bekmc. Vugdbild. 
in the text of pi. xvi. £ 1 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 18^1," p. 132 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 68). 
? Conurus anna, Bourj. Terr. pi. 38 (1837-38). 
Psittacus caledonicus, Lickt. (nee Gm.) in Forst. Descr. A/i. p. 159 
(note) (1844). 

Platycercus tabuensis (part.), G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 4Cb. n. 28 
(1846) ; Hartl. u. Finseh, Faun. Centr-Polyn. p. 17 (part.) (1807j ; 
Finseh, Papag. ii. p, 23 (part.) (1808); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. ill. p. 220 
(part.) (1877). 

? Aprosmictus anna, Cass. U.S. EipL Exp,3 Mamm* $* Orn. p. 230 

(1856) (Fiji M.). 
Pyrrlmlopsis anna, Sclat. P- Z. 8.1864, p. 158. 
Pyrrlmlopsis hysginus (part.), G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 130, n. 8017 

(1870). 
Platycercus koroensis, Layard, Ibis, 1876, pp. 143, 391, 394. 

Adult male (type). Similar to P. tabuensis, but it has a narrow 
blue collar, scarcely obseryable without particular attention ; rump-
feathers edged and tipped with dark cherry-red, of the same shade 
as the inferior parts of the body : c* irides red ; bill and feet black *? 
(Layard). Total length 17*5 inches, wing 9*5, tail 8*3, bill 1*38, 
tarsus 0-98. 


Adult female (type). Similar to the male, only smaller. Total 

length 16*5 inches, wing 8'5, tail 7*5, bill 1*12, tarsub O 91. 
Ilab. Koro, Fiji Islands. 
I hare only seen the two typical specimens of Platycercus 


"koroensis, Layard, one of which is now in the British Museum. Both 
have the rump-feathers edged with dark cherry-red, and It is quite 
possible that this character, which is accidental in the other allied 
species, may be constant in the Xoro birds. 

It seems to me very doubtful whether Psittacus hjsghms, Forst., 
is this species, especially as it was described from Eaoowe (Tonga 
Islands). Conurus anna, Bourj., the type of which is in the Philadelphia 
Museum, has been identified by Cassin, and seems to be the 
same as P. koroensis, although the dimensions do not agree; for this 
reason I have preferred using Lajard's name till a further examination 
of Bourjot's type can be made. 

a. $ ad. sk. Koro, Fiji Islands, Sept H. Seebohm, Esq. [P.]. 
(E. L. Layard). (Type of species.) 
39 . PYEEHXJLOPSIS. 
497 

4. Pyrrlralopsis taviunensis. 
? Platycercus tabuensis, Jard. fy Said, (nee Gm.) III. of Orn. ii. 
pi. 74 (1839); Fimch, Pupag. ii. p. 231 (part.) (1868). 
Pyrrlmlop^is hysginus (part.), G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 139, n. 8017 

(1870). 
Platycercus splendens (part.), Liyard, P. Z. S.1875, p. 425 (Taviuni). 
Pyrrhulopsis taviunensis, Layard, apud Sclat. P. Z. S. (March) 1876, 

pp. 307, 308. 
Platycercus taviunensis, Layard, Ibis, (October) 1876, pp. 141, 3D1 
(Taviuni); Fimch, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 729. 
Platycercus annse (part.), Fimch, P. Z. S.1877, pp. 729. 772 ; id. Voy. 
Chall., Birds, p. 42 (1881). 
Platycercus anna, Rcluiw. (nee Bowy.) Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 132 

(Comp. Psitt. p. 68). 
Platycercus tabuensis, Bchnw. Vogelhild. t. xvi. f. 1 (1878-83). 
Platycercus taviuensis, Pchnw. Vogelhild. in the text of pi. xvi. f. 1 

(1878-83). 
Pyrrhulopsis hysgina, Iristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 (Taviuni) (1889). 

Adult male (type). Similar to P. tcihuensis and P. Jcoroensis^ but 
smaller, and with no blue collar on the nape : " irides red ; bill and 
feet black >J (Layard). Total length 15*5 inches, wing 8-2, tail 7*5, 
bill 1-8, tarsus 6-88. 

Adult female (type). Similar to the male, but smaller. Total 

length 14*5 inches, wing 7*7, tail 6'5, bill 1, tarsus 0*82. 
Hab. Taviuni, Fiji Islands. 
One of the three typical birds, now in Mr. Seebohm's col


lection, has a few feathers of the rump edged with dark cherry-

red. 
a, b. S $ ad. sk.
c. J ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
N'gila, Taviuni (F.
Layard). 
N'gila, Taviuni, Aug. 
Taviuni. 
L. Tweeddale Coll. 
E. L. Layard [0.]. 
W. A. Bailward [P.]. 

5. Pyrrhulopsis personata. 
Coracopsis? personata, G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1848, p. 21, pi. 3; id. 
Gen. B. iii. App. p. 19 (1849); Bp. Compt. Rend. xxx. p. 138 
(1850) * SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 210. 

Platycercus splendens, juv., Peale, U.S. FxplFxp. p. 128, pi. 34. f. 4 

(1848). 
Prosopeia personata, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 159. 
Prosopaea personata, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 160. 
Aprosmictus personatus, Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp., Mamm. fy Orn. p. 238, 

pi. xx. f. 2 (1858). 
Platycercus personatus, G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 11 (1859) * 
id. List B. Prop. Isl p. 30 (1850); Hartl. Ibis, 1862, p. 232 • Finseh 

u. Hartl. Faun. Centr.-Polyn. pp. 21, 275 (1867) ; Finseh, Papag. 
ii. p. 239 (1868) ; Finseh u. Bartl. Journ. f Orn. 1870, p. 124; 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 36 (1874); Layard, P. Z. S 
1875, pp. 30, 425 ; id. Ibis, 1876, pp. 143, 391 (Viti Levu); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 219 (1877) ; Finseh, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 729; Nehrk. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1879, p. 394 (egg); Finseh, Voy. Chall., Birds, p. 42 
VOL. XX. 2 K 

498 
PSITTACIDJ3. 

(1881); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xvi.f. 5 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 132 (Consp. JPsiU. p. 68). 
Pyrrhulopsis personata, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 141,185,1864, p. 158 ; 

G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 139, n. 8015 (1870); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, 
p. 683, 1875, p. 62, 1876, p. 308; Forbes, P.ZS. 1879, p. 169; 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 335 (1883); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p. 78 (1889). 
Adult. Green; face black; middle of the breast yellow, middle of 
the abdomen orange ; primaries and their coverts blue ; tail green, 
with a bluish tinge towards the tip ; quills and tail-feathers underneath 
black : " bill black ; feet dusky ; irides orange-yellow *' (Peale). 
Total length about 18 inches, wing 9'5, tail 8*5, bill 1*25, tarsus 
0-87. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller. 
Young. Exactly like the adult birds in colouring : " irides dark 
brown; bill horny, with yellow edges; feet black " (Layard). 
Eab. Fiji Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Fiji Islands. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Fiji Islands. 
Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Viti Levu, Fiji, Sept. {F. Ji . Voyage of II.M.S. 
Rapier). £ Herald/ 
d. Ad. sk. EJuid'avu, August (E. L. Tweeddale Coll. 
Layard). 
e,f. 
$ad. etjuv. Eewa, July, Sept. {E. L. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. Layard). 

g. 
Ad. sk. Siva, Fiji, October. Voyage of ILM.»S. 
< Alert.7 
h, i. Ad. et juv. M'bau, Fiji, August. J. Brenchley, Esq_. 
sk. [P.]. 


k. $ ad. sk. Levuka. 
Challenger Exped. 
40. 
PSITTACELLA. 
Type. 
Psittacella, Schley. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 35 (1871), P. brehmi. 

Range. Confined to New Guinea. 
Key to the Species. 


a. Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts with crescentlike 
black bands brehmi, p. 498. 
b. Only the rump with crescent-like blackish bands. 
a'. Hind neck olive-brown, like the breast modesta, p. 499. 
b'. Hind neck olive-brown, with the middle of the 
feathers ochreous-yellow; breast green, with 
no brown tinge madaraszit p. 500. 


1. Psittacella brehmi 
Psittacus brehmii, Rosenb. in litt.; Schley. Ned. Tifdschr. Dierk. iv. 
p. 35 (1871); Rorenb. Reist. naar Geelnnkb. pp." 102, 114 (1875). 
Psittacella 
brehmii, Schley. Ned, Tijd>chr. Dierk. iv. p. 35 ($>) 
(1871); Sharpe, Zool. Rec. viii. p.'52 (1873); Meyer, Journ.f, 
Orn. 1874, p. 74; id. Sitzb. k. Ak. Wissensck. JVien, lxix. p. 74 

41 . PSITTACELLA.
(1874); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue,^. 42 (1874) ; Bosenb. 
Beist. naar Geelvinhb. p. 136 (1875); Meyer, Sitzb. Isis zu 
Dresd. 1875, p. 77; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 755 
(1875); Gould, Birds Nezv Guin. pt. iv. pi. 4 (1877) ; Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 27, n. 22 (1877); Bosenb. Malay. 
Arehip.yp. 559,592 (1878-79) ; Salvad. Orn. Bap. e Mol. i. p. 145 
(1880); Bchnw. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 135 (Consp. Psitt. p. 71); 
id. Vogelbild. t. xxiii. £ 2 (1878-83); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, 

p. 619; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 159 (1889). 
Euphema brehini, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 325 (1876). 
Psittacula (sic) brehmii, Oust. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1877, p. 55. 
Psittacella pallida, Meyer, Zeitschr.f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 3; Sharpe, 
Nature, vol. 34, p. 340 (1866); Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. So. Tor. 
(2)xLp. 159(1889). 

Adult male. Green; head and throat brown-olive, back, rump, 
and upper tail-coverts with numerous black crescent-like bars; 
rump and upper tail-coverts washed with yellow; on each side of 
the neck a creseent-like band, bright yellow; breast and abdomen 
green; under tail-coverts red; wings green, with the metacarpal 
edge blue; quills towards the tip brown, with a narrow yellowish 
edge on the outer web, underneath brown; tail above green, the 
tips of the feathers with narrow yellow edges, tail underneath 
brown or dull olive: bill lead-grey, with the tip whitish; feet 
brown. Total length 10*2 inches, wing 4*8, tail 3-5, bill 0*8, 
tarsus 0*66. 

Female. Similar to the male, but smaller, and with no yellow 
crescent-like bands on the sides of the neck; breast yellow, with 
numerous crescent-like black bands. 


Hab. Arfak Mountains, New Guinea. 

I have- compared females from S.E. New Guinea, which have 
been described by Dr. A. B. Meyer as belonging to a distinct species, 
with others from the Arfak Mountains, and I have not been able 
to detect any difference. 

a. $ ad. sk. Arfak Mts., New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll, 
b, c. S 2 ad. sk. Arfak Mts., Febr. Purchased. 
d. J ad. sk. New Guinea. Dr. A. B. Meyer [O.]. 
e. 5 ad. sk. New Guinea. Purchased. 
/ . 
$ ? ad. sk. Meroka (5000 feet), S.E. New H. O. Forbes, Esq. [C.J. 
Guinea. 

g. 2 ? ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. [C.]. 
2. Psittacella modesta. 
Psittacus modestus, Bosenb. in litt,; Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. JDierh 
iv. p. 36 (1871) ; Bosenb. Beist. naar Geelvinhb. "pp. 102, 114 
(1875). 
Psittacella modesta, Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. JDierk iv. p. 36 (tf) 
(1871); Sharpe, Zool. Becord, viii. p. 52 (1873); Meyer, Journ.f. 
Orn. 1874, p. 75; id. Sitzb. k. Ah. Wissensch. Wien, lxix. p. 74 
(1874) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue, p. 42 (1874); Bosenb. 
Beist. naar GeelvinU. p. 136 (1875); Meyer, Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 

1875, p. 77; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 27, n. 23 (1877); 

500 PSITTACID2E. 

Bosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 559, 592 (1878-79); Salvad. Orn. Tap. 

e 31ol. i.p.147 (1880); Bchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 135 (Consp. 

Psitt. p. 71); id. Voyelbild. in the text of pi. xxxhi. (1878-83); 

Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. So. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 160 (1889). 

Eupkema rnodesta, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 325 (1870). 

Adult male. Green; head brown-olive, crown darker : hind neck 

olive; rump green, slightly tinged with yellowish and crossed by-

blackish bars, not very conspicuous; breast olive-brown ; abdomen 

yellowish green; under tail-coverts red; quills brown, green on 

their outer webs, and narrowly edged with yellowish towards the 

tip; inner web of the quills underneath tinged dull yellowish ; 

under wing-coverts olive, edge of the wing bk^e; tail above green, 

below brown : irides lemon-yellow; bill greyish blue ; feet brown. 

Total length 6*3 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2*4, bill 0*55, tarsus 0*55. 

Female. Like the male, but the breast has dull red and blackish 

crescent-like bands ; on the lower part of the breast and on the 

sides the bands are yellow and dark green. 

Bah. Arfak Mountains, N."W. of New Guinea. 

a, h. cS $ ad. sk. Arfak Mts. (Bruijri). Purchased. 

& Psittacella madaraszi. 
Psittacella madaraszi, Meyer, Z&itschr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 4, t. i. 

f. 1; Sharpe, Nature, vol. 34, p. 340 (1886) ; id. Gould's B. New 
Guin. pt. xxii. pi. 3 (1886); Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, 
xl. p. 160 (1889). 
Adult male. Very much like that of P. rnodesta, but the head with 
an ochreous tinge, the feathers of the hind neck distinctly ochreous-
yellow in the middle; the rump more yellowish, and with broader 
black bands ; the breast dull green, with no brown tinge; dimensions 
very little less than those of P. rnodesta. 

A supposed female of this species has been described by Dr. Meyer 
as having the head green, the forehead blue; besides, instead of 
having the breast with reddish and black bars, the bands are on the 
hind neck. Dr. Meyer thinks that the supposed female may 
belong to some other species, which seems very likely. 

Hab. South-eastern New Guinea. 

a. S ad, sk. Owen Stanley Mountains (Munstein). Purchased. 
41. PSITTINTTS. 
Type. 

Psittinus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xi. p. 780 

(1842) P. incertus. 

Dichrognathus, Bckmv. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 225.... P. incertus. 
Of. Cabanis, Journ. f. Orn. 1879, pp. 210-211. 

41. PSITTHOTS. 
501 

Range. Yrom the middle of Tcnasserim, down the Malay Peninsula, 
to Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, and Borneo*. 

1. Psittinus incertus. 
Petite Perruche de Malacca, jSo7in. Toy. Ind. ii. p, 212 (1782). 
Blue-rumped Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Suppl. i. p. 06 (1787); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 263, with var. A, p. 2(34 (1822). 
Psittacus incertus, Shaw, Nat Misc. pi. 7(50 (1790): Kuhl Consp.

;' l

Psitt. p. 08 (1820). '
Psittacus malaccensis, Lath (nee Gm.) Ind. Orn. i. p. 130, n. 141 
(1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 554 (1811); Bechst. Lath. 
TJeb. p. 83 (1812); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 370 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt p. 67 (1820); Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 287(1822) ; 
Vieill. Erie. Meth iii. p. 1407 (1823); Sw. Zool. III. iii. pi. 151(
1823); Isis, 1829, p. 1005; S. Midi. $ Schley. Verh. Land-en 

Volkenh. p. 107 (1839-44); Licht. Nomencl. Ai\ p. 70 (1854). 
Psittacus macropterus, Mus. Paris, fide Kuhl, I. c. 
Blue-green Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 278 (1822). 
Psittacula malaccensis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 145 (1820) ; Less. 

Tr. ffiOm. p. 204 (1831) ; Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 630 (1832); Bouri. 
Perr. pi. 92 (ad.) (1837-38); Eyt. P. Z. S. Ib39, p, 105; Ilartl. 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844). 

Psittacula incerta, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 145 (1820); G. P. 
Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 30 c, (1849); id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 91 (1859) ; Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 73 (1804); Finseh, 
Papag. ii. p. 612 (1868); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 
p. 32 (1874); Gieh. Thes. Orn. i. p. 328 (1872); Bosenh Malay, 
Archip. p. 108 (1878); Snellem. Sum, Exp., Vor/els, p. 32 (1884). 
Psittacula reticulata, Less. Tr.d'Om. p. 204 (1831) ; G.B. Gr. Gen. 

B. ii. p. 423, n. 21 (1846); id. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 92 (1859). 
Psittacus azureus, Temm. in Mus. Lugd.; S. Mull. Verh. Land-en 
Votkenh^. 377 (note),381 (1839-44). 
Psittinus 
malaccensis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. xi. p. 789 (1842); 
Bp. Rev. et May. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 33; Souanc6, Rev. et 
May. de Zool. 1856, p. 210; Horsf. e} Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. L 
Comp. ii. p. 608 (1856-58); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 432; Blyth, 
Ibis, 1863, p. 6; Sclat P. Z. S. 1863, p. 208; Soma, Mus. Nac. 
Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 16 (1869) ; Sundev. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. 

p. 69 (1872); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; Sclat. List Vert. An. 
8th ed. p. 323 (1883). 
Agapomis (?) malaccensis, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1846, p. 103. 
Tanygnathus malaccensis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 3 (1849); 

id. Journ. A. S. B. xix. p. 235 (1850). 
Agapomis azureus, Bp. Consp. Ai\ i. p. 6 (1850). 
Psittinus incertus, Bp. Nauma?mia, 1856, Consp. Psitt n.158; Wall. 

P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 283, 293; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 1(58, 
n. 8380 
(1870) ; Salmd. Cat Ucc. Born. p. 25 (1874); Blyth $ 
Wald. B. of Burm. p. 58 (1875); Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 292 
(S.E. Sumatra); Hume fy Davis. Sir. Feath. vi. pp. 120, 500 
(1878); Hume, Str. Feath viii. pp. 51, 87, n. 153 ter. (1879); 
* Mr. Oates (B. of Brit. Burin, ii. p. 147) mentions also Cochin China 
arnono- the localities inhabited by Psittinus incertus: most likely he has taken 
the information from Dr. Tiraud; but I think that the statement requires to be 
confirmed. 
502 PSITTACID^. 

Cab. Jonrn. f. Orn. 1879, p. 211; Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. xv. f. 5 
(1878-83) ; id. Jour. f Orn. 1881, p. 256 (Camp. Psitt p. 144); 
Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 57; Salvin, Cat. B. StrieM. Coll p. 458 
(1882); Oates, B. of Brit hurm. ii. p. 147 (1888) ; Vo^derm. 2s at. 
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xlvi. p. 224 (1886); Bilttik. Not. Leyd. Mus. 
ix' p. 12 (1886); Salvad. e Gigl. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xxxix. 

p. 101 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 76 (1889); Torderm. Nat. 
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xlix. p. 388 (1889); Everett, Jour. Sir. Br. 
B. As. Soc. 1889, p. 177; Murr. Avif. of Brit Ind. ii. p. 462 
(1890). 
Agapornis malaccensis, Bosenb. Joam.f. Orn. 1862, pp. 59, 60; id. 
Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. pp. 138, 139 (1863). 
Psittacula azurea, Schleg. Dierent. p. 67 (1864). 
Dichrognathus iucertus, Rclimc. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 397 (Con&p. 

Psitt p. 229); id. Vogelbild. Sgst. Terz. n. 264 (1883) ,- Heine fy 
Bchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 236 (1890). 

Adult male. Head and neck grey, tinged with blue, brighter on 
the forehead and vertex; interscapular region and scapulars 
blackish with an olive tinge; lower back, uropygium, and upper 
tail-coverts deep blue ; under parts olive-green, washed with bluish 
grey ; vent green, washed with blue; under tail-coverts yellowish 
green, slightly edged with blue; wings green, the wing-coverts and 
the last secondaries edged with greenish yellow, a dark red patch 
along the small upper wing-coverts; bastard-wing green, edged 
with blue ; primary wing-coverts blue ; primaries green, the inner 
webs and underneath black; the inner webs have a narrow yellow 
edge; metacarpal edge yellow; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
bright red; central tail-feathers green, the others greenish yellow ; 
tail underneath yellow : a upper mandible orange-vermilion, under 
mandible dusky or dull reddish brown; legs and feet pale dirty 
green; eyelids and cere dusky green; iris creamy white" (Davison). 
Total length 7*5 inches, wing 4*6 to 4*8, tail 2, bill 0*85, 
tarsus 0-5. 

Female. Head and nape reddish brown, sides of the head 
yellowish, tinged with reddish brown, the shaft of the feathers 
dusky; back, uropygium, and upper tail-coverts green, a small patch 
of blue on the lower back ; underparts yellowish green, the feathers 
of the breast darker in the middle so as to produce a scaly appearance 
; wings and tail as in the male : " upper mandible dusky white, 
lower mandible dirty white; cere, eyelids, legs, and feet dusky green " 
(Davison). 

Young. Green above, also on the head, a slight tinge of blue on 
the forehead, lower back with a blue patch; no trace, or scarcely 
any, of the brown-red patch on the small wing-coverts; the underparts 
aro much darker than in the adult females and of a purer 
green. 

Bab. The same as that of the genus. 

a. Imm. sk. Tenasserim. J. D, C. Packman, 
Esq. [P.]. 
6 $ ad

b-f- et Near Tavoy, March, April Hume Coll. 
imm. sk, ( W. Davison). 

42 . BOLBOPSITTACTJS. 
503 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

E. W. Oates, Esq. 
[00. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

India Museum [P.], 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

A. B.. Wallace, Esq. 
[OO-

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

A. H. Everett, Esq. 
[OO-

Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

9, h £ S $ ad.et

imm. sk.
Tc, cf ad.sk.
I <$ imm.sk. •

m-x. <$ $ ad. etimm. sk.
y,z> c??ad. sk.

a'-e\ <J $ ad. sk,

f. d1 ad. sfcg'. $ ad. sk.
h'-o'. £ $ ad. et
imm. sk.

p'-v'. Ad. et imm. Malacca, July, 

&3 3 

, c. Ad. et young 

St. 

d3 3 

, e. Imm, st, [India.] 

sk. 
w'. J ad. sk.
xr. <$ imm. sk.
y\ J imm.sk.
zf,a". £ $ ad. sk.

b'\ Ad. sk.
c", d", e". <$ ad.
sk. 
/''. <$ ad. sk.

g", A'\ Ad. sk.

i"-s". $ 5 ad. et

imm. sk.
t"-w". Ad, etimm. sk.

x". Ad. sk.

y". Ad. sk.
z", az. Ad. etimm. sk, 

 Foot of Nwallayboo, April 

(W. Davison). 
Bankasoon,Dec. (W.Davison). 
Malawoon. 
Malawoon, March, April 

(W. Davison). 
Selangore, March, Nov. 
(W. Davison). 
Pulo Peban, Oct., Nov., Dec. 

{W.Davison). 
Neealys, Oct. (W. Davison). 
Kuroo, Oct. (W. Damson). 
Chohong, Malacca, Oct., Nov. 

 (W. Davison). 
Malacca (Cantor). 

 Malacca (A. It. Wallace). 
Malacca (A. R. Wallace). 
Malacca, Aug. (R. G. W. 

Ramsay). 

 Malacca. 
Johore, Aug, ( W. Davison). 

 Singapore Is., Jan. (IF. Davison). 


 Sumatra. 

 Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (Carl 
Dock). 
Lampong, S.E. Sumatra {E, C. 
Buxton), 

 Sarawak. 

 Sarawak. 
Sarawak (A, H. Everett). 

42. BOLBOPSITTACTJS. 
Type. 
Bolbopsittacus, Salvad. MS. B. lunulatus. 

Bill very thick, with both mandibles much swollen; upper 
mandible with the edges sinuated, not sharply toothed; tail very 
short. 

The birds of this genus formed part of Cychpsittacus, but tho 
tile-like surface of the distal portion of the palate shows very clearly 
that they do not belong to the Cyclojpsittaciclce (see fig. 5 on 

p. 3). 
Mange, Confined to the Philippine Islands. 
504 
PSJTTACIDiE. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Cheeks blue. 
a'. Cheeks and collar on the hind neck pale 
blue .... , lunulaiits <$. p. 504. 
b'. 
Cheeks and collar on the nape bright 
blue intermedins $ , p. 505. 

b. 
Cheeks green. 
c'. Collar on the nape deep blue mindaneasis <$, p. 506. 
d'. Collar on the nape yellow, -with crescent- \ lumdatus J , p. 504. 
like black bands 
( mindanensis § , p. 508. 

1. Bolbopsittacus lxumlatus. 
Petite Perruche a collier de l'isle de Luc.on, troitieme espece, Sonn. 

Voy. Kouv. Guin. p. 77, pi. 39 (tf 2 ) (177G). 
Perruche a collier, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. yi. p. 173 (1779). 
Collared Parrakeet, Lath. 8yn. i. p. 317 (1781) (ex Sonnerat); id. 

Gen. Hist. ii. p. 270 (1822). 
Psittacus lunulatus, Scop. Bel. Flor. et Faun. Lnsubr. p. 86, n. 24 
(1786) (ex Sonnerat). 
Psittacus torquatus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 351, n. 134 (1788) (ex Sonnerat); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 133, n. 154 (1790); Becksf. Kurze Uebers. 

p. 84 (1811); Shaw, Gen. Zool. yiii. 2, p. 551 (1811 ]; Vieill. N. 1). 
xxv. p. 374 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 06 (1820); TleUl Bnc. 
MSth. iii. p. 1405 (1823); Yoxgt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 747 (1KJ1); 
Pucker. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 1(53. 
Psittacus sreptophorus (lege streptophorus), JDesm. Bid. 8c. Xat. 

xxxix. p. 88 (1826); Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. o>$8 (lb57). 
Psittacula torquata, Steph. Gen. Zool. xir. 2, p. 144 (1820) ; Jfagl. 
Mon. Psitt. p. 630 (1832); Lear, Parr. pi. 40 (lb32). 
Psittacus loxia, Cuv. Mus. Paris, fide Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 204 (1831); 
Pucher. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 1(33. 
Psittacula loxia, less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 204 (1831); Bourj. Perr. pi. 94 
(1837-38); Less. Compl.de Buff. ix. p. 209 (1837); id. op. ciL 
2nd ed. p. 607 (1838); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 22 Q846); 
id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 90 (1859). 

Psittacula squammato-torquata, Bourj. Perr. pi. 97 (1837-38) (ex 
Lear). 

Psittacula lunulata, 
G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 22 (1846); id. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 91 (1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 72 
(1864); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 616 (1868); ScJdeg. op. cit. Bev. 

p. 31 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 328 (1877). 
Cyclopsitta loxia, 
Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 218; 
Marti. Journ.f. Orn. 1854, B. p. Ixiii; Souance, Bev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1856, p. 217; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 229 * 

G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 164, n. 8370 (1870). 
Psittinus torquatus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Pbitt. n. 159. 
Loriculus (Cyclopsitta) loxia, v. Mart. Journ. f. Orn. i860, p. 21. 
n. 117. f * f 
Loriculus (Cyclopsitta) lunulatus, i\ Mart. ibid. n. 118. 
Psittacula loxias, Finsch. Papag. ii. p. 618 (1868) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
iii. p. 328 (1877). 
Cyclopsitta lunulata, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 168, n. 8377 (1870) • 
Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc.ix. pp. 133,249 (1875) ; Sharpe, Trans. Linn. 
8oc. (2) Zool i. p. 312 (1876); Ttceedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 689, 
818, 1878, p. 937; id. Orn. Works, pp. 301, 410 (Luzon only), 

42 . BOLBOPSITTACUS. 
505 

514 (1881); Wardl. Ramsay, Tweedd. Orn. Wor7cs, App. p. C55 

(part.) (1881); Meyer, VogeLSkeletten, i. pi. xxi. 
(1879-88); 

Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 78 (1889); Steere, List, p. 6 (1890). 

Cyclopsittacus lunulatus, Mchnw. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, p. 136 (Consp. 
Psitt.y. 136). 
Cyclopsittacus loxias, Mchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881. p. 137 (Consp, 
"Psitt. p. 73) ; id. Vogelbild. NacL.tr. 18 (1883). 

Adult male. Green; edge of the forehead, lores, feathers round 
the eyes, cheeks, throat, and a collar on the lower part of the hind 
neck pale blue; rump greenish yellow; bastard-wing and primary-
coverts blue; quills brown-black, with an oblique yellowish band 
below; the primaries on the outer webs blue, the secondaries 
green, the inner secondaries entirely green; tail green abo\e, 
verditer-blue below: " irides yellow-brown " (Meyer), " dark brown ; 
bill black, base pale lead-grey ; feet greenish grey, nails dark grey " 
(Everett). Total length about 6*5 inches, wing 3*8 to 4, tail 1*3, 
bill 0-7, tarsus 0*45. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the blue confined to the 
lower cheek-feathers, covering the throat; a yellow collar with 
crescent-like black bands on the lower part of the hind neck; rump 
yellowish green, greener than in the male, and with black crescentlike 
bands. 

Young male resembles the female. 

Eab. Luzon. 

a. Ad. sk. Manilla. 
Cuming Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Philippine Is. 
Cuming Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Philippine Is. 
Cuming Coll. 
dj e. Ad. sk. Philippine Is. Gould Coll. 
f,g. Ad. sk. Manilla (Cuming). Gould Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. Tweeddale Coll. 
i, \ I. <S 2 ao^ sk« Luzon, Jan., Peb. (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
m. <$ ad. sk. Batan, Luzon, April (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
n. 
$ ad. sk. Monte Alban, Luzon, Peb. (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett), 
o. S ad. sk. San Mateo, Luzon, Peb. (A. IT. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
2. Bolbopsittacus intermedins. (Plate XIII.) 
Similar to the male of B. lunulatus, from which it differs in 
having the face of a deeper blue with a purple tinge, and a blue 
collar on the lower part of the hind neck brighter and like that of 


B. mindanensis ; the underparts arc of a brighter and deeper green 
than either in B. lunulatus or in B. mindanensis: bill black; feet 
greenish. Total length 5*8 inches, wing 3*9, tail 1*3, bill 0*75, 
tarsus 0*4. 
Hah. Philippine Islands, but the exact locality unknown. 

As B. lunulatus and 3. mindanensis seem to be respectively 
confined to Luzon and Mindanao, it is very likely that the present 
bird lives in some of the intermediate islands. 


a. 
c?.p ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Cuming Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
506 
PSITTACID-3E. 

3. Bolbopsittaeus mindaneusis, 
Cyclopsitta lunulata (part.), Tweedd. Tr. ZooL Soe. is. pp. 134,249 
(Mindanao only) (1875); id. Orn* Works, pp. 301^ 410 (Mindanao 
only) (1881). 

Cyclopsitta lunulata, Tweedd. {nee Scop.) P. Z. S. 1877, p. 818 
(Butuan), 1878, p. 937 (Zaniboanga) ; id. Or/2. Worh^ pp. 545 
(Butuan), 628 (Zamboanga) (1881) ; Wardl Bams. Tweed!. Or a. 
Works, Apn. p. 655 (Mindanao only) (1881). 

Cyclopsitta niindanensis, Steere, List B. $* M. Steere Exped. to the 
"Philipp. p. 6 (1890). 

Adult male. Differs from that of B. lumdaius in having the 
checks green, the blue round the eyes separated by the green cheeks 
from the bine of the throat; the collar on the lower hind neck is 
of a brighter and deeper blue; the green of the head has a 
yellowish tinge, contrasting with the purer green colour of the 
back: " iris dark brown ; bill black, the base of the maxilla light 
grey; feet greenish " (Everett). Total length about 6 inches, wing 
3-8*to 3-9, tail 1*3, bill 0-7, tarsus 0*38. 

Adult female. Exactly similar to the female of B. hmulatus. 
Hal. Mindanao, and the small island of Panaon on the northern 
coast of Mindanao. 

a. <$ juv. sk. 
o-g- 6 2 a(*. et 
Panaon, Oct. (A. K. Everett). 
Surigao, May (A. E. Everett). 
Tweeddale Coll.* 
Tweeddale Coil. 
imm. sk. 
A, i, h d ad. sk. 
Z, m, n. (S $ ad. 
et imm. sk. 
Butuan, May (A. K. Everett). 
Zamboanga, March, April; May 
(A. K. Everett). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

43. AGAPOEHIS. 
Type. 

Agapornis, Selhg, Nat. Zihr., Parrots p. 117 (1836). A. swindereniana. 

Poliopsitta, Bp. Eev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 154. A. eana. 

Poliopsittacus, Simdev. Meth. nat. Av. dity. Tent. 

p. 69 (1872). 
Mange. Ethiopian Eegion. 

Keg to the Species. 

a. Uropygium and upper tail-coverts green. 
a\ Bill grey, 
a". Head, neck, and breast grey; under wing-
coverts black ." carta <$, p. 507. 
b'\ 
Head, neck, and breast like the rest of the 
body, green; under wing-coverts green.. carta § , p. 507. 

V. Bill red. 
c". Forehead red; under wing-coverts black.. taranta d? p« f509. 
d". Head entirely green; under wing-coverts 
green 
taranta $ , p. <509. 

* This specimen was not mentioned by the Marquis of Tweeddale in his 
paper on the Birds of Panaon (P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 379-381). 
43 . 
AGAPOKMS. 507 
b. Uropygium blue, upper tail-coverts green; face 
orange-red or orange-yellow. 
e'. Face orange-red; under wing-coverts black; 
carpal edge blue pullaria tf, p. 510. 
d\ 
Face orange-yellow ; under wing-coverts 
green; carpal edge yellow pullaria $ , p. 510. 

e. Uropygium green; upper tail-coverts ultramarine-
blue ; under wing-coverts green. 
er. Forehead and cbeeks orange-red; bind neck 
reddisb yellow Jtscheri J , p. 511. 
ff. Face blackish brown; a yellow collar round 
the^neck personata <$, p.512. 

d. Uropygium and upper tail-coverts blue; under 
wing-coverts green. 
g'. Uropygium and upper tail-coverts light blue; 
forehead bright red; sides of the head and [p. 522. 
throat rose-colour roseicollis <$ $, 

h'. 
Uropygium and npper tail-8bverts deep blue; [p. 514. 
head green; a black collar on the hind neck, swinderneiana d ? > 

1. Agapomis cana. 
Psittacula madagascariensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p."394, pi. xxx. f. 2 (1760). 
Petite Perruehe de Madagascar, D'Aubent. PL Fnl. 791. f. 2. 
Perruche a tete grise, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 171 (1779). 
Grey-headed Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 315 (1781); id. Gen. Hist 

iL p. 2G9 (with var. A ?) (1822). 
Psittacus canus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 350, n. 131 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. 

i. p. 132, n. 151 (1790); Shaw, Nat. Misc. iii. pi. 425 (1800); id. 
Gen. Zool. viii. p. 550 (1811); Bechst. Furze Ueb. p. 85 (1812); 
Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 378 (1817); KuM, Consp. Psitt. p. 62 (1820) ; 
VieilL Fnc. Meth. iii. p. 1049 (1823); Voigt, Cuo. Uebers. p. 746 
(1831); Sganz. MSm. Soc. E. N. Strassb. iii. p. 35 (1840). 
Psittacula cana, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 148 (1826); Less. Tr. 
tfOrn. p. 202 (1831); Wagl. Mon. PsiU. p. 625 (1832); Bourj. 
Perr. pi. 96 ( S ? ) (1837-38) ; G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n, 12 
(1846); id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 90 (1859) ; Schleg. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 72 (1864); id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 424 ; Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 643 (1868); Schleg. et Poll. Bech. Faun. Madag. 
pp. 53,157 (1868); Finsch u. Earth Vog. O.-Afr. p. 502 (1870); 

. 
Sharpe, Cat. Coll. Afr. B. p. 19 (1871); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Berne, p. 31 (1874); Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489 ; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 326 (1877) ; Earth Vog. Madag. p. 234 (1877); Shelley, 

P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 673, 675 (Anjuan); Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, 
p. 310. 
Psittacus poliocar, Forst. Icon. Ined. t. 51,jide Wagl. I c.; id. Descn 
An. p. 399 (1844). 
Poliopsitta 
cana, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 225; 
SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 217; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 228; Eartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1860, p. 107; 
id. Orn. Beitr. Faun. Madag. p. 59 (1861); Maill. Not. sur Hie 
de la Biun. ii. p. 13 (1863); Boch § F. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 165; 

F. Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 452 ; A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865, pp. 46, 834; 
Grand. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 389; Cab. v. d. Jbecken's 
Beisen, iii. p. 40 (1869) (Mafia Isl., S. of Zanzibar); Sousa, Mus. 
Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 21 (1864); G. B. Gr. Eand-list,ii. p. 167, 
n. 8370 (1870). 
508 PSITTACIM. 

Agapornis cana, Select. P. Z. S. I860, p. 242; E. Newt. Ibis, 1861, 

p. 278 (Mauritius), 1865, p. 149 (Rodriguez) ; A. Newt. Ibis, 1872, 
p. 32 • id. P. Z. & 1875, p. 42 j Mchmo. Vogelbild. t. xx. f. o (187883) 
; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 259 (Consp. Psiit. p. 147); Salvin, 
Cat. JB. Strichl Coll. p. 461 (1882) ,• Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 
p. 330 (1883); Tristr. Cat. Coll. JB. p. 76 0889). 
Psittacula madagascariensis, Finsch, Ned. TijdscJtr. Dierh. i. Berigt. 
p. xix (1863); Milne-Edio. et Grand. Hist. Madaq., Ois. i. p. 17, 
pis. 7, 8 (1876) ; Milne-Edio. # Oust. Nouv. Arch, du Mus. (2) vi. 
p. 229 (1884); Sibree, Madag. Orn. pp. 15, 22 (1889). 
Agapornis madagascariensis, Sibree, Ibis, 1891, pp. 214, 217. 
Adult male. Head, neck, and breast pearly grey, with the base of 
the feathers pale yellowish green, showing more or less through, the 
grey edges; back and wings green, uropygiurn and upper tail-coverts 
brighter green ; lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts yellowish 
green ; quills dusky black, with the outer web green ; under 
wing-coverts black, metacarpal edge whitish ; tail green, with a 
broad subterminal black band; the lateral tail-feathers have the 
base yellowish : iris brown ; bill, feet, and toes grey. Total length 
5'6 inches, wing 3*65, tail 2, bill 0-5, tarsus 0*5. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in wanting the grey colour 

on the head, neck, and upper breast; the upper parts, including the 

hind neck and pileum, green ; underparts, including the cheeks, the 

throat, and upper breast, yellowish green; under wing-coverts 

green. 

Young. Like the female. In the transitional stage, while the 

head, throat, and upper breast are beginning to show a grey tinge, 

the nape and hind neck are still green. 

Hab. Madagascar, but introduced in Mauritius, Beunion, Rodri


guez, Anjuan, and perhaps also in Mafia Island, south of Zanzibar. 

The series of specimens in the British Museum can be divided 

into two sets. In one set, from Madagascar and Anjuan, the green 

colour is pure; in the other set, from Rodriguez, but including also 

two specimens from Eetsileo in Madagascar, collected by the Rev. W. 

D. Cowan, the green colour has a distinct bluish tinge. I cannot 
account for the difference. If the bluish birds were confined to 
Eodriguez Island, I should have said they belonged to a peculiar 
race. 
Green Form. 

a. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Sharpe Coll. 
d. $ acl. j e} f. Madagascar. Shelley Coll. 
Ad. sk. 
g, h. Ad. sk. Madagascar. Purchased. 
i, h. Ad. sk. Anjuan (Kirk). Shelley Coll. 

Bluish Form. 

1. Ad. sk. Ankafana, S. Bet&ileo, Mada- Tweeddale Coll. 
gascar, March (W. Deans 
Cowan). 
43. AGfAPOBJNTIS. 
509 
m. Ad. sk. Madagascar (W. Deans Cowan). Twoecldalo Coll. 
n-8. Ad. et itnrn. Rodriguez. ) 
J 
sk-} Tiana. of Venus Expod. 
t, u. Skeletons. Rodriguez. ) 
2. Agaporais taranta. 
P&ittacus taranta, Stanley, Salt's Trav. Abyss., Append, p. lii (1814). 
Abyssinian Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 187 (1822). 
Psittacula taranta, Lear, Parr. pi. 39 (1832) • G. 11. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 423, n. 9 (1846) ; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. B. Mm. B.L Comp. ii. 
p. 607 (1856-58); G. R. Gr. Lkt Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 89 (IK*)) ; 
Heugl. Syst. Uebers. n. 472 (1856); Schley. Mas. P.-B. IMttaei, 
p. 72 (1864); id. op. cit Revue, j>. 31 (1874). 
Psittacus tarantoe, Rapp. Neue Wirbelth. pp. 01, 02 (1835); Harris, 
The Highlands of JEth. ii. p. 413 (1844) (Slioa): Lefevre, Voy. 
Abyss., Ow.p. 128 (L845-50). 

Poicephalus taranta, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 

Psittacula 
tarantae, Bourj. Perr. pi. 99 (1837-38); Xtitpp. Syst. 
Ueb. Vog. N.O.-Afr. p. 95, n. 334 (1845); Ferret et Gallin. toy. 
Abyss, iii. p. 188 (1847); Heugl Faun. Roth. Meer.n. 195; id. 
Jour. f Orn. 1861, p. 196; Finsch, Papay. ii, % p. 634 (1868); 
id. Tr. Zool. Soc. vii. p. 281 (1870); Blanf. Geol. $ Zool. Abyss. 

p. 304 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 330 (1877). 
Agapornis 
taranta, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 221; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 217 ; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, 
Consp. Psitt. n. 223 ; Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci,p. 20 (1869); 

G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 167, n. 8368 (1870). 
Agapornis tarantse,Heugl. Journ.f. Orn. 1862, p. 37; id. Om. N.O.-
Afr. i. p. 746 (1869), ii. 2, p. chiii (1873); Rchmo. Voyelbild. 

t. xx. f. 2 (1873-83) ; id. Journ.f Orn. 1881, p. 257 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 145) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 82 (1884) j Giyl 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 51 (1888); Salvad. ibid. p. 208 
(1888). 
Pbittaculus tarantse, Heugl. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, pp. 293, 305. 

Adult male. Green; sinciput, lores, and a ring of feathers round 
the eyes red; uropygium, upper tail-coverts, and underparts bright 
green; primaries brown, with a narrow green edge on the outer 
web; secoiadaries,*bastard-wing, and primary-coverts black; the 
outermost greater wing-coverts also black, but tipped with green ; 
under wing-coverts black; tail green, with a broad subapical 
black band, the inner web of the lateral tail-feathers towards 
the base yellowish: " iris brown; bill red; feet lead-grey" 
(Antinori). Total length 6 4 inches, wing 4, tail 1*9, bill 0*68, 
tarsus 0*45. 

Adidt female. Wants the red on the front part of the head, which, 
is entirely green. 
Young mah. Like the female. Gradually it shows the red feathers 
first round the eyes and then on the forehead and lores. 
Hab. North-eastern Africa, from Abyssinia to Shoa. 

a Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Baron Laugier Coll. 
h't Ad. sk. Ab}Sbima. Loid Mountnoiris (!*•]• 

510 
PSITTACID-2S. 

c, d. S ? ad. sk. Adigrat, Tigr3, Abyssinia, W. T.^Blanford, Esq. 
April. 
e,f. 3 ad. sk. Raraguddy, Abyssinia, April Tweediale Coll. 

(W. Jesse), 
g. 
(f ad. sk. Ankober, Sboa, Jan. India Museum [P.I. 
(Harris). 
h} i, k $ ad. sk. Sboa, Feb. & Marcbt (Anti-Sbelley Coll. 
nori). 

3. Agapornis pnllaria. 
Little red-beaded Parrakeet, or Guiney Sparrow, Fdtc. Glean, y, 

p. 54, pi. 237. f. 1 (1758). 
Psittacula guineensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 387 (1760); Finsch, Ned. 
Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigt. p. xix (186-3). 
Psittacus pullarius, Linn. Mus, Ad. Fr. ii, p. 15 (1764); id. 8. N. 

i. p. 149, n. 45 (1766); Scop. Ami. I. Mist. Nat. p. 33 (1709); 
Gm. S. N. i. p. 348, n. 45 (1788); Lath. hid. Orn. ii p. 129, n. 143 
(1790) ; Shaw, Nat Misc. i. pi. 35 (1790) ; id. Gen. ZooL viii. 2, 
p. 549, pL 84(1811); Bechst. Furze Ueb. p. 104 (1811); VieilL 
N. D. XXT. p. 378 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. P«# . p. 66 (1820); Hahn, 
Vog. aus Afr. etc. Lief. xi. t. 1 (1822); VieilL Fnc. Metk. iii. 
p. 1409 (1823); Voigt, Cuv. Vehers. p. 747 (1831); Halmy Orn. 
Atl, Papag. p. 36, t. 20 (1834). 
Petite Perrucbe male de Guin£e, DAubent. Fl. Fnl. 60. 
Psittacus guineensis, Mull. S. N. Supjrf. p. 81 (1776); Cass. Fr. Ac. 

JSrat. Sc. Fhilad. 1864, p. 241. 
Perrucbe a tete rouge ou Moineau de Guine'e, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. 

vi. p. 165 (1779). 
Bed-beaded Guinea Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 309 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 261(1822). 
Psittacula 
pullaria, Steph. Gen. Hist. xiv. 2, p. 145 (1826); Less. 
Tr. ffOrn. p. 203 (1831) ; Wagl Mon. Fsitt. p. 622 (1832); EartL 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); G. F. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, 

n. 11 (1846); id. List Fsitt. Brit. 'Mus. p. 89 (1859); Schley. Mvs. 
P.-B. Psittaci, p. 71 (1864); Keidem. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. 
p. 382 (1866); Dohm, F. Z. S. 1866, p. 329; Finsch, Papag. 
ii. 2, p. 636 (1868); Mellis, This, 1870, p. 101; Sharjv, Cat. Call. 
Afr. B. p. 19 (1871) ; Schleg. Mus. F.-B. Psittaci, Feme, p. 31 
(1874); Gullw. F. Z. S. 1875, p. 489; Bocage, Journ.f. Orn. 1876, 
p. 316 ; Gieb. Thes. 
Om. iii. p. 329 (1877); Bocage, Orn. dAng. 
p. 72 (1881); SMI. Ibis, 1883, p. 659 (Sbonga). 
Psittacula rubricollis vel pullaria guineensis, Bourj. Perr. pi. 90 
(1837-38). 
Agapornis 
pullaria, Bp. Fev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 154, n. 222; 
Hartl. Journ.f. Orn. 1854, p. 194; Souance, Fev. et Mag. de Zool 
1856, p. 217 ; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp, Fsitt. n. 224; HartL 
Syst. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 168 (1857); id. Journ.f. Om. 1861, p. 262 ; 
Parker, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 516, 1865, p. 237; Bocage, Jam. Sc. 
Lisboa, n. ii. p. 143 (1867); Heugl. Orn. N. O.-Afr. i. p. 748 (1809); 
Sotcsa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Psittaci, p. 20 (1869); Heugl Peterm. 
Geogr. Mittk 1809, p. 415; G. F. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 167, 

n. 8366 (1870); Heugl. Orn. N.Q.-Afr. ii. 2, p. clviii (1871); 
Sund. Meth. not. Av. disp. Tent. p. 69 (1872); Ussh. IMs, 1874, 
p. 56; Fchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1875, p. 10,1877, p. 14; id. Voqelbild. 
t. xx. f. 3 (1878-83); id. Journ, f. Orn. 1881, p. 257 (Consp. 
Fsitt. p. 145); Hartl. Abh. Br em. yiii. p. 212 (1882); Hartert, 
43 . AGAPOBfflS. 511 
Jbum. f. Orn. 1886, p. 598; Bchnio. Journ.f. Orn. 1887, p. 302; 
8heU. P. Z. S. 1888. p. 45 (Tingasi); Trlstr. Cat. Coll B. pp. 76, 
77(1879). 

Agapornis xanthops, Heugl. Journ. f. Orn. 1863, p. 271, 1864, p. 268. 

Adult male. Green, underneath yellowish green, throat tinged 
with yellow; face orange-red ; the orbital feathers under the eyes 
white and blue; uropygium bright blue; quills with the outer web 
dark green, and the inner web dusky; bend of the wing and under 
wing-coverts deep black; metacarpal edge blue and yellow; tail 
with a black subapical band, the central tail-fealhers green, the 
lateral ones yellowish green at the base and at the tip, red between 
the green base and the black band; on the outer tail-feather the 
red is confined to the inner web : bill red; feet dark grey; iris dark 
brown. Total length about 6 inches, wing 3*5 to 3*7, tail 1*6 to 
1-8, bin 0-55, tarsus 0*45. 

Female. Has the forehead, the feathers near the base of the lower 
mandible, and the throat yellow-orange; the blue spot on the uropygium 
paler than in the male; the under wing-coverts green, and 
the metacarpal edge yellow ; the tail as in the male. 

Young. Like the adult female, but the forehead is yellow, with no 
orange tinge, and the yellow-orange colour near the base of the bill 
and on the throat paler. 

Hah. "Western Africa, from the Gold Coast to the Congo, including 
the islands of Bight of Benin, ranging eastwards across Equatorial 
Africa as far as the Gazelle Biver district and Niam-Niam. Country. 

a. Ad. sk. [var.]. 
h. Ad. sk. 
Cj d. Ad . sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ , g. Ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
L xld.sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
/. Imm. sk. 
m. Ad. sk. 
n. cS ad. sk. 
o. $ imm.sk. 
Pt q. 6 S ad. sk. 
r. <$ imm. sk. 
s, t. Ad. sk. 
u, v. Ad. sk. 
w, a\ Skeleton 
Africa. 
Africa. 
Africa. 
W. Africa. 
W. Africa. 
Cape Coast. 
Congo. 
Massabe, Congo (Petit). 
Landano, Congo (Petit), 
Lagos. 
Shonga. 
Elver Niger, May. 
Tingasi, July. 
Wadeli, Sept. (JEmin 
Pasha). 
[Cape Town.] 
. J.Doubleday,Esq.[P.]. 
J. Pulhara, Esq. [P.]. 
Purchased. 
Sharps Coll. 
Dr. 0. Einsch [0.1 
Colonel Strachan [P.], 
Shelley Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
Shellev Coll. 
Sir A/Moloney [P.l 
W. A.Forbes, Esq. [0.]. 
E.Nicholson, Esq.[P.]. 
* Emin Pasha [PJ. 
Shelley Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
Earl of Crawford [P.]. 
and skull. 

4. Agapornis fischeri. 
Agapornis fischeri, Bclimo. Journ.f. Orn. 1887, pp. 54, 220 (Ussure, 
Victoria Nyanza) (?) , 1889, t. iv. f. 1. 

Female. Forehead, cheeks, and throat orange-red, darker on the 
forehead, paler on the throat, where it turns to rose-colour; vertex 
dull olive-green, occiput tinged with reddish; band on the hind neck 

512 PSITT ACID23. 

reddish, yellow ; also the throat is margined with yellowish, underneath 
; back and wings green; the body underneath pale green ; 
the upper tail-coverts ultramarine-blue; the central tail-feathers 
green, with t he tip pale blue; the outer tail-feathers red at the 
base, green in the middle, pale blue at the tip, and with a black 
band on the inner web before the blue tip ; the quills are black on 
the inner web, green on the outer; small under wing-coverts green, 
the greater ones grey-blue : bill coral-red; feet grey ; iris brown ; 
naked skin round the eyes and cere white. Total length 5*31 
inches, wing 3*70, tail 1*57, height of the bill 0*60, tarsus 0*55. 

Eab. Ussure, Yictoria 2\yanza. 

5. Agapornis personata. 
Agapornis personata, Rclinw. Joani. f Orn. 1887, pp. 40. -55, 320 
(Serian, Yictoria Nyanza), 1889, t. iv. £ 2,1891, p. 144 (Cgogo). 

Adult male. Eorehead, lores, and anterior part of the cheeks deep 
blackish brown; upper parts pale olive-brownish ; band on the hind 
neck and throat yellow; upper breast reddish orange; back and 
wings green; underparts pale green; upper tail-coverts pale ultramarine-
blue ; middle tail-feathers green, the others orange at the 
base, green in the middle, yellowish at the tip, with a black band 
before the yellowish tip; quills green on the outer web, black on 
the inner; edge of the wing yellow; smaller under wing-coverts 
green, the greater ones grey-blue : iris brown; bill coral-red ; 
feet greenish lead; cere white. Total length 5*70 inches, wing 
3-74, tail 1-88, height of the bill 0*66, tarsus 0*55. 

Female. Like the male (?). 

Eab. Serian, Victoria ]STyanza, and Ugogo. 

a. J ad. sk. Ntive, Ugogo, July (Emin Pasha). Berlin 31 us. HE/\ 
6, Agapornis roseicollis. 
Psittacus pullarius, var. £, Licht. Cat. Per. nat. rariss. Hamb. p. 7, 

n. 74 (1793); Meyer, ZooL Amial i. p. 141. 
Psittacus roseicollis, Vieill N. E. xxv. p. 377 (1817); Kvhl, C'onsjK 
Psitt. p. 63 (1820;; Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1408 (1823). 
Psittacus parasiticus, Mus. Temminek, fide Kuhl, I. c. 
Psittacularo&eicollis, Steph.Gen. ZooL viii. 2,p. 143 (1820); Less. Ti\ 

cPOrn. p. 204 (1831); Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 023 (1832); Bourj. Perr. 
pi. 91 (1837-38); G. E. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 10 (1840); id. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 89 (1859); Alexand. Exped. of JDiscov. 
Int. of S Afr. ii. Append, p. 266; Schteg. Mus. P.-E. Psittaci, 

p. 71 (1864); Monteiro, P. Z. S. 18Q>% p. 94; Bayard, B. of 8. 
Afr. p. 231 (1807); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 640 (1868) ; Layard, 
Ibis, 1869, p. 372 (Limpopo, S. Africa); Brehm, Jour. f. Orn. 
1869, pp. 358, 415; Finsch u. Earth Fog. Ost-Afr. p. ,:01 (1**70); 
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 146; id. Cat. Afr. B. p. 19 (lb71;; 
Anderss. B. Bamara-Land^. 216 (1872); BocagefJom. Se.Litboa, 
1873, p. 292 ; Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Xevue, p. 31 (1874) ; 
Bocage, Jour. f Orn. 1876, p. 316 ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 330 
(1877); Bocage, Orn. dAng. p. 73 (1881;. 
43. AGAPORNIS. 513 
Agapornis roseicollis, Strickl $ Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. L56 ; Bp. 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 223 j Souance, Rev. et Mag. 
de Zool. 18-50, p. 217; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 22o ; 
Hartl Jour. f. Orn. 1861, p. 262; ? Kirk, Ibis, 1864, p. 820 
(SliirS, between Nyassa and the rapids) j Chapm. Trav. in 8. Afr., 
App. p. 406 ( ); Bocage, Jom. 8c. Lisboa, i. p. 336 (1867); 
Sousa, Mm. Nao, Lisboa, Psittaci, p. 20 (1869); Russ, Joum.f. Orn. 
1869, p. 82; Brehm, Joum.f. Orn. 1869, p. 139; G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 167, n. 8367 (1870) ; Garrod, P. Z. S.1873, pp. 465, 634; 
Sharpe, Layard'sB. of 8. Afr. p. 192 (1875-84); JRchmo. Vogelbild. 
t. xx. f. 1 (1878-8:3) ; id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 258 (Consp. 
Pdtt. p. 146); Sate. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 461 (1882); Sclat. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 330 (1883); Btittik. Not Leyd. Mas. xl 
pp. 69, 195 (1889); Trisir. Cat. Coll B. p. 77 (Natal!) * (1889). 

Psittacula passerina, Magyar Ldszld, Delafrik. TJtazasai, 1849-51, i. 

p. 242. 
Agapornis roseicapilla (errore), Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587. 
Adult male. Green, underneath yellowish green; forehead and 
supercilium red; lores, sides of the head, and throat pale rosecolour 
; uropygium and upper tail-coverts cobalt-blue ; quills dusky, 
green on the outer web; the inner web of the quills underneath 
and greater under wing-coverts tinged with bluish ; the remaining 
under wing-coverts green ; tail tipped with pale blue; central tail-
feathers blue, the lateral ones red towards the base, then green, with 
a black incomplete band: bill yellow; feet dusky. Total length 
about 6 inches, wing 4*2? tail 2, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*5. 

Adult female. Apparently like the male. 
Young, No red colour on the forehead, which is fulvescent; the 
rose-colour of the cheeks and throat very pale. 
Hah. South-western Africa, from Angola to Great Namaqua-
Land, and, according to Layard, also South-eastern Africa, on the 

Limpopo. 
a. Ad. sk. S. Africa. Purchased. 
b. Juv. st. S. Africa. Massena Coll. 
c. $ ad. sk. [Gaboon] ( Verreaux). Sharpe Coll. 
d. Ad. Jr. 
e. <$ ad. sk. 
/. $ ad. sk. 
Benguela. 
Kattenbella, Oct. [Sala).
Ondonga, Damara-Land (Andersson). 
Monteiro Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. 
g. <j> ad. sk. Damara-Land. Purchased. 
h, i. <$ ad. et ad. Omaruru, Nov. Shelley Coll. 
sk. 
k. Sternum. 

* Being unable to find in Mr. G-uraey's accounts of Ayres's collections from 
Natal a Parrot under the name of A. roseicollis, I have asked Canon Tristram 
to send me the bird registered in bis Catalogue; it is marked Limpopo River ; 
but Mr. Sharpe informs me that it has the appearance of one of Andersson's 
skins from Damara-Land. 
VOL. XX, 2L 

514 
PSITTACIDJE. 

7. Agapornis swindereniana. 
Psittacus swindernianus, Kiihl, Consp. Psitt. p. 02 (ISiiO); Voiyt. 

Cm. Uebers. p. 746 (1831). 
Psittacus swinderianus, Kulil, op.cit. t. ii. (1820). 
Psittacula swinderniana, Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. 2, p. 143 (1826); 

G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mas. p. 89 (Western Afr.) (18.39) ; 
Bidtik. Xot. Leyd. Mus. vii. jx 214 (1885), viii. p. 263 (leS6), x. 
p. 94 (1880), xiTpflSo (1889). 
Psittacula swindereniana, Wayl. Mon. Psitt. p. 621 (1832); G. II. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 8 (1846). 
Psittacula bwinderiana, Lear, Parrots, pi. 42 (1^32J : Boar jot, Perr. 
pi. 93 (1837-38) ; Schley. Dierent p. 66 (1&04) ; Layard, B. of 
South Afr. p. 231 (1867). 

Agapornis swinderianus, &?%, Xai. Libr.y Parrots, p. 113, pi. 11 (and 

titlepage) (1836). 
Poicepkalus swinderianus, tiw. Clots. B. ii. p. 301 (Ls37i. 
l^ittaculut, swinderianus, Brehm, Mon. d. Papay. t. Sli (l**o3). 
Agapornis bwinderiana, Bp. Rev. et May. de 'Awl, 1>34, p. 154, 

n. 224; id. Xaumannia, 18o6, Consp. Psitt. n. 220 ; UartL Jovrn. 
f. 
Orn. 1861, p. 202. 
Psittacula swindereni, Fimdu Papay. ii. p. 632 (Ibite); Cab. a. 
Rchmv. Orn. Centralbl. 187$,* p. 26; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 330 
(1877); Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 187£,_JL JL L 2; Cab. u. Rchnm. Orn. 
Centralbl 1878, p. 04; Rohnw. Journ. f. Orn. 187S, p. 209; id. 
Voyelbild. t. xx. f. 4 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 18M, p. 25b 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 140). 

Agapornis 
swinderniana, G. R. Gr. lland-lht, ii. p. 167, ti. 83 >9 
(1870); Earth Ibis, 1879, p. 84; Tristr. Cat. Cull. B. p. 77 {LcsSO). 
Agapornis swindereniana, Sioidev. Metli. nat. Ar. disp. Tent. p. 69 

Agapornis swindernaina (errore), HartL Ibis, 1879, p. e4. 

Adult male. Green, underneath paler; neck olive-brown ; a black 
collar round the nape ; lower back, iiropygiuzn, and upper tail-
coverts deep blue; quills dusky black, green on the outer w eh; the 
primaries edged with brighter green on the outer web: primary-
coverts black; under wing-coverts green ; central tail-feathers 
green, sometimes with a red-orange spot in the middle, the remaining 
tail-feathers red towards the base, green at the tip, and with a 
subtcrminal black band ; tip of the tail underneath verditer-blue : 
"iris yellow, upper mandible black, under mandible bluish horn-
grey; feet grey" (Biittikofer). Total length 5*2 inches, wing 3*5, 
tail 1-33, bill 0-55, tarsus 0-42. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. " The fall-grown young male differs from the adult ones 
by the want of the black collar across the neck, which is only indicated 
by some black feathers on each side, and by a somewhat 
duller green colour" (Biittikofer). 

Hal. Liberia, West Africa. 

a. J ad. sk. Timk River, Liberia, Jan. Shelley Coll. 
(Br. Biittikofer). 
b. $ ad. vk. Tunk River, Liberia, March. Dr. Biittikofer P " 
c Ad. xk. W. Africa. Shelley Coll. " 
44 . LOKICOLUS. 
44. LOBICXJLFS* 
Type. 
Psittaculus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 303 (1836) {nee Spit, 

1824) ?L. vemalis. 
Loriculus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 9 (1849).. L. galgulus. 
Liemetulus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Conxp. Psitt. gen. 61 L. bonapartei. 
Coryllis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 687 (1868) (=Loriculus, 

Blyth). 

Range. Prom India and the Philippine Islands, through the 
Malay Archipelago, as far east as the Duke of York Island of the 
Papuan subregion. 


Key to the Species, 

a. Bill orange-red. 
a. 
Head in the adult birds entirely green. 
a". Xo red spot on the throat. 
a'". Throat bluish in the male, but with no 
blue colour or scarcely any in the 
female vemalis, p. 517, 

b"'. Throat yellowish pimllus, p. 520. 
b". A red spot on the throat, wanting at least 
in the female of L. exilis. 

c'". Larger, wing 3 inches; nape tinged with 
orange,* tips of the tail-feathers yellowish 
stained with red Jloseulus, p. 5*21. 

d"'. Smaller, wing 2*55 inches; no orange 
tinge on the nape; tips of the tail-
feathers yellowish green exilis, p. 521. 


b\ Head, not entirely green in the adult birds; 
crown partly or entirely red. 
c". Red colour on the crown confined to the 
forehead. 
<?'". Tail above dark green, with no blue. 


a\ Interscapular region golden yellow, 
more or less tinged with orange; a 
red patch on the throat and green 
cheeks in the adult male; no red 
patch on the throat, cheeks and chin 
bluish in the female chrysonotus, p. 522. 

hl. Interscapular region green, with no 
golden-orange tin^e j cheeks green in 
the males, bluish in the females. 


a\ A golden-orange spot on the nape. 

aG. Vertex bright orange-yellow, 
sharply defined in the male; vertex 
slightly tinged with orange, 
and cheeks blue in the female .. regulus, p. 523. 

bQ. Vertex and nape with a very slight 
yellow tinge, both in males and 
females; female like that of L. 
regulus philippemis, p. 524, 

* Lomuli have not the tongue filamented as in the Loriince^ with whiub 
they have been generally, but quite erroneously, classed (Blyth). 
2L2 

516 
PSITTACID-E. 

b\ No golden-orange spot on the nape; 
the red forehead ending sharply in 
the green of the head

/"'. Tail dark green, deep blue towards 
the tips of "the lateral feathers; sinciput 
red in the male, red veiled with 
blue, and the cheeks also blue, in the 
female

d". Crown entirely red from the forehead 
to the occiput. 
g"'. Tail-feathers above green; male and 
female alike with bluish throat......

It'". Tail-feathers above green, but towards 
the tips more or less deep blue ; cheeks 
green, and a red patch on the throat 
of the male; cheeks blue, and no red 
patch on the throat of the female ... .

b. Bill black, 
c'. Rump and upper tail-coverts red. 
e". Forehead not yellow. 
i'". Crown redk'". Crown not entirely red, or with no red 
at all. 
c4. A. deep blue spot on the middle of the 
crown; a reel patch on the throat of 
the male, wantiiiff in the femaledK No blue spot in the middle of the 
crown. 
c5. Under tail-coverts green. 
c°. Interscapular region golden 
orange, or tinged with orange-
red. 
a7. Base of the bill yellow; head 
green, both in male and female; 
interscapular region tinged 
with orange-red in the male, 
golden yellow in the female..
b". Bill entirely black : interscapular 
region gulden orange : 
crown red in the male, green 
in the femaledb. Interscapular region green, sligktly 
washed with yellow. 
c7. Larger, wing 3*& inches; rump 
and upper tail-coverts dark 
cherry-red ,* sinciput bright red 
in the male, green in the 
femaled7. Smaller, wing2*8inches; rump 
and upper tail-coverts bright 
red; sinciput bright red in the 
male, green in the female

d\ 
Under tail-coverfcs tinged with reel ; 
carpal edge green/" . Forehead bright yellow in the male, bluish 
green, like the cheeks, in the female....
d'. Rump and upper tail-coverts greenish yellow.

 itiindorensis^* 5i0, 

siquijoremis, p. 626. 
indian, p. 62u. 

apicalis7 p. 628. 

kmapariti] p. 530. 

(/algidus, p. 53 L 

relateri, p. 333. 
qnadrictAoi\ p. 534. 

stigmatm, p. 633. 

amabilis, p. 536. 
catamenia, p. 537. 
awantiifrons. p.337. 

iener} pi 538. 

44. LORictrios. 
517 

1. Loriculus vernalis. 
Paittacus vernalis, Spamn. MILS. Carls, t. 29 (1787); lath. 2nd 
Orn. I p. 130, n. 147 (1790); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 105 (1811); 
Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 375 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1407 (1823); 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 747 (1831). 

Vernal Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 95, n. 26 (1802); id Gen. 

Hist. ii. p. 265 (1822). 
Psittacus indicus, fern., Ekihl, Consp. Petit, p. 05 (1820). 
Psittacula galgulus, fern., Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 626 (1832). 
Psittacula minor, fern., Wagl op. cit. p. 529 (1832). 
Psfttaculus galgulus, Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 107 (1836) (syn. 

emend, et sola descr. $"?). 
Ptoittaculus pendulus, Pears. Journ. A. 8.B. x. p. 654 (1841). 
Psittaculus vernalis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. x. p. 921 (1841); Jerd 

Madras Journ. xi. p. 209 (1840). 
P&ittaeula pyrhopyga v. vernalis, Eodgs. Gray's Zool Misc. p. 85 

Psittacula vernalis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 15 (syn. emend.) 
(1840); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll B. M. p. 113 (1846). 

Loriculus vernalis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 10, n. 46 (part.) 
(1849); id. Journ. A. S. B. xviii. p. 801 (1849), xix. p. 236 (1850); 
Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 239; ? Souance, Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 219; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 

n. 246; Horsf $ Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Comp. ii. p. 627 
(1858); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 54 (syn. emend.) 
(1859); Jerd. B. of Ind. i. p. 265 (1862); Gray, Cat Eodgs. Coll 
B. Mus. 2nd ed. p. Q>% n. 465 (1863) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 6 (part.) ; 
id. App. Zool of the Andam. Isl in Mouafs Arch. Andam. Ish 
p. 355 (1863);" Wald. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 538; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, 
p. 295; Bean. Ibis, 1867, p. 320 (Andaman Isl.), 1869, p. 412; 
Elwes, Ibis, 1870, p. 527; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 152, n. 8172 
(1870); Ball, Journ. A. 8. B. xli. p. 279 (1872); Wald. Ibis, 
1873, p. 298; Ball, 8tr. Feath. i. p. 62 (1873); Hume, Nests 8? 
Eggs, p. 119 (1873); Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 298; Hume, 8tr. Feath 
ii. pp. 57,185, 471 (1874), iii. p. 57 (1875); Blyth $ Wald. B. of 
Burm. p. 58 (1875); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 499 (1875); Faxrb. 
Str. Feath. iv. VV-%Q5, 265 (1876); Armstr. ibid. p. 309 (1876); 
Hume, ibid. p. 388 (1876), v. p. 25 (1877); Fairb. ibid. p. 395 
(1877); Meyer, Roicl Orn. Misc. ii. pp. 231, 234, n. 1 (1877); 
Hume § Earn. 8ir. Feath. vi. pp. 120, 500 (1878) ; Hume, Str. 
Feath. viii. p. 87, n. 153, p. 153 (1879) ; Vidal, Str. Feath. x.p. 52 
(1880); Bingh. ibid. p. 161 (1880); Butl ibid. p. 384 (1880); 
Oates, Str. Feath. x. p. 190 (1882); Salv. Cat. B. StricH. Coll p. 459 
(1882); Oates, B. of Brit, Burm. ii. p. 146 (1883); Sahad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) v. p. 560 (1888), vii. p. 376 (1889); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll B. p. 26 (1889); Murr. Avif of Brit. Lid. ii. p. 463 
(1890); Oates, Nests $ Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 92 (1890). 
Loriculus indicus (part.), Souanci, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 226 

(A, femelle). 
Loriculus apicalis (part), Souance", ibid. (B, femelle). 
Ooryllis vernalis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 721 (1868) fBclvnw. Vogelbilcl 

t. xv. f. 4 (1878-83); id. Journ. f Orn. 1881, p. 226 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 114); Miill. Journ. f Orn. 1882, p. 428 (Salanga). 
Adult male. Green, paler beneath, the head brighter, a slight 
tinge of orange on the interscapular region ; rump and upper tail


PSITTACIDJ5. 

coverts red ; a bluish patch on the throat; upper breast tinged with, 

yellowish; quills on the inner web and tail underneath verditer


blue: " iris pale yellowish white; eyelids yellowish; bill dull 

coral-red, yellow at the tip; cere red; legs pale orange; claws 

pinkish horn" (Oates). Total length 5*5 inches, wing 3-5 to 3*7, 

tail 1-6 to 1*8, bill 0*52, tarsus 0*4. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the green of the 

head less brilliant, especially on the cheeks, and no blue tinge, or 

scarcely any, on the throat; the general green colour is a little 

more yellowish. 

Young. The green colour duller; all the feather* with very 

narrow brown edges; forehead and cheeks dull greyish green ; no 

trace of blue on the throat. 

Hah. India, and from Sikhim through the Indo-Burmese countries 

to the Malay peninsula; Andaman and perhaps also the Xieobar 

Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. India. 
Purchased. 
h. Ad. sk. 
Zoological Society** Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. 
Massena Cull. 
d. Ad. sk. [Philippines.] Mas^ena Coll. (T\ pe of 
L. apicalis, 2 , Suuanee.) 
e. Ad. sk. 
Gould Coll 
f,ff. 
Ad. et imm. Airjango, Travancore. Hume Coll 
sk. 

h. S ad. sk. Mynall, S. Travancore, Dec. Hume Coll. 
(F. Bourdillon). 
i, h. S $ ad. sk. Mynall, S. Tiavancore, Dec. F. Bourdillon T\~. 
/, m, n. J ad. sk. Kotagherry, Xilghiris, June, Hume Coll. 
Nov. (Miss Cocklurn). 
°,P,q-d Sacl.sk. Burlias, Xilghiris, Nov. Hume Coll. 


r. S ad. sk. Kullar, Xilghiris, Xov. (R. Tweeddale Coll. 
G. IV. Ramsay). 
s, t Ad. sk. Coonoor Ghat, Xilghiris, Tw eeddale Coll. 
April (R. G. TV. Ramsay). 
u} v. Ad. bk. Coorg, Xilghiris. Tweeddale Coll. 
to. $ ad. sk. Seegore, Xilghiris, Aug. Tweeddale Coll. 


(R. G. TV. Ranuay). 
x. 
<$ ad. sk. Sultan's Battery, AVynaad. Hume Coll. 
April { W. Davison). 
y-V. 
<$ ? ad. et Wynaad, April ( W. DaviHume 
Coll. 
inim. sk. son).

c'. Imm.sk. Palgliaut Hillh, April (R. Hume Coll. 
JET. Morgan). 
d', $ ad. sk. Belgaum (E.A. Butler). Hume Coll. 

«'>/'• tf juv. sk. Khandala, Jan., May (tf. B. Tweeddab Coll. 
Fairhank). 
g'. Ad. sk. Madias. Rev. H.H. BaberlP.". 

hr 

, i!. Ad. sk. Malabar. Tweeddale Coll. 
k't I'. Ad. sk. Nepal. B.H. Hodgson,Esf|^Pr. 

m'. Ad. sk. Bliotan Boars, Jan. (i . Hume Coll 

Mandelli). 
ri. [<$] ad. sk. Sylhet. Hume Coll. 
o'jp'. Ad. sk. Caehar. Hume Coll. 
q'. Ad. sk. Thayetmyo, July. Hume Coll. 

44 . L0ETCTJLX7S. 
r>. d ad. sk. Kyouk Phyow, April (J. Hume Coll. 
Armstrong).
s'. d ad, sk. Borongho Is., March. (J. A.). Hume Coll. 


f. d ad. sk. Elephant Point, Jan. (J. Hume Coll. 
u', v'}w'. d ad. Tonghoo, Oct., Nov. (R. G. Tweeddale Coll. 

et jiiy. sk. TV. Ramsay).
.'•'. 2 ad. sk. Tenasserim, ~Dec. E. W. Oatefl, Esq. [0.]. 
*/'. Ad. sk. Tenasserim, March (W, Tweeddale Coll. 

Limborg).
z'. cj1 ad. sk. Lower Pegu, March. E. W. Oates, Esq. [OX
»", 5". 5 ad. sk. Sal ween River, August (JR. Tweeddale Coll. 

C. Beavan).
c". d acl sk. Tavov, June (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
(7"-i/"t d ad. et Amherst, July (W. D.). Hume Coll. 
d 2 juv. sk. 
A". 2 ad. sk. Pahpoon, Salween, Dec. Hume Coll. 


(W.D.).
i". d ad sk. Kyouk-nyat, Jan. ( W* D.).Hume Coll. 
k". d ad. sk. Thoungyeen P., Feb. (C. Hume Coll. 


T. Bingham). 
/", m". d ad. et Kaukaryit, Jan. (W. DaHume 
Coll. 
ad. sk. vison). 
n". Ad. sk. Moulniein, Oct. (W.D.). Hume Coll. 
o", tf ad. sk. X. of Yea, March (W. Hume Coll. 


DJ), 

y , j?", r". tf ad. Near Tavoy, April (IF. Hume Coll. 
et $ juv. sk. 

p.). •

*". c? ad. sk. C. T. Bingham, Esq. [P.]. 

Suizway Forest, March. 

f ". rf ad. sk. Hume Coll. 

X. Myawadee, Jan. (TJr, 
«"-a*".<J$ ad.sk. D.y. Hume Coll. 
/', s". tf ad. sk. Mergui, Nov. (W. D.). Hume Coll. 
Malawoon, Feb., Dec. (W. 
«3, #*, c3. <5 ad. sk. D.). Hume Coll. 

Bankasoon, Malawoon, 
tf". c? juv. sk. r Dec. (W.D.). Hume Coll. 
ez>f\gz.d ad. et Kossoom, May (J.Darling). Hume Coll. 

Salang, Feb. (J. Darling). 

P. 2 juv. sk. Klang, Salangore. July Hume Coll. 
(IV. Davison). 
?"3, k\ Ad. sk. Saigon, Cochin China,May. M. E. Pierre TP. 
/3. Ad.sk. Port Blair, S. Andamans. Hume Coll. 
?w3. c? ad. sk. Port Cornwallis, Andamans Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
w3. 2 ad. sk. Macpherson's Straits, AnHume 
Coll. 
damans, March. 
o3-r3. J 2 ao^ s^* Mt. Harriet, Andamans, Hume Coll. 

March,Dec.( W.Davison). 
«3, £3. d ad. sk. Aberdeen, Andamans, Dec. Hume Coll. 
(W.D.). 
2£3, 2?3, 2£3. <£ 2 S. Andamans, July (W. Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. 

D.). 
x*, y3, s3. 2 ad. S. Andamans, July, Aug. Hume Coll. 

(R. J. Wimberley). 
et juv. sk. 

S, Andamans, Jan., Feb. Tweeddale Coll. 

al-dK d 2 ad


(R. G. W. Ramsay). 
sk. 
**. Skeleton. 

520 
PSITTACIDJ5. 

2. Loricultis pusillus. 
Philippine Parrot, Tar. A (Lid. ex Hits. Lecer. 2), Lath. Syn. I. 

p. 313 (1781); id Gen. Hist. ii. p. 267 (1822). 
Psittacus vemalis, Kiihl (nee Sparrm.), Cc/nsp. P&itt. p. 65 (paitlm), 
(1820) ; JWttV/. et SeMeg. Yerhandel. Land-en Volketik. pp. 107, 
108 (Ja^a) (1889-44); 'Dubois, Orn. Gal. pi. 60 B (1539). 

Psittacus 
galgulus, JEftwsf. (nee Linn.) Tr. Linn. Sor. xiil. p. 182 
(1821) (Java). 
Psittacula vemalis, Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 144 (1S2(J): Boi/rj. 
Perr. (test), p. 89 (1837-38). 
Psittaculus vemalis, Sic. Zool. III. 2nd ser. pi. 1 {lb'2U) ; id. Civs*. 

B. ii. p. 303 (1837). 
Psittacula coulaci (part.). Less. Tr. dOrn. p. 202 ff-niKlle et y in> 
femelle) (1831). 
P.-irtacula galgulus (part.), Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 527 (nia<gun. lad. >. 
juvenis et av. horn.) (1832); LieM. Nome?icl. At. p. 71 {1854>. 
Psittaculus galgulus, Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. lo*7, pi. 24 is\n. 
emend.) (1886). 
? Loriculus vemalis, Soiiante, Pev. et Mag. de Zool* 1S0O, p. 210; 
Posenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 60; id. Nat. Tijdsih: Ned. Lid. 
*XY. p. 139 (1863). 

Loriculus pusillus, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 54 (1K>0| *; 
Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 288, 294; ScJileg. Mits. P.-B. Batt p. 132 
(1864); Blyth, Lbis, 1867, p. 295; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 152, 

n. 8171 (1870) ; Wald. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 333: id Trans. ZwL &>e. 
viii. p. 27 (1872); Slices, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 079 ; Schleq. JtfK I>B. 
Pbittaci, Pemie, p. 60 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 499 (1 *7o : 
Meyer, Bowl. Orn. Mise. ii. p. 232, n. 3 (W7): J'ordtrm. Not. 
Tijdsclir. Ned. Lid. xlv. p. 317 (1885). 
Psittacus amesrms Verzeichi. Hohapfel, p. 6\ n. 24 (—r). 
Cory His javanica, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. b"4 <1SUS). 
Cory His pu&illa, Finsch, Papaq. ii. p. 725 (ISO*-) : llehtiir. Yi>qtlbihh 


t. xv. f. 1 ($) (1878-83); id. Jonm.f. Orn. 1*51, p. 22*J I Co ,y*. 
Psitt p. 114). 
Coryllis galgulus, Vorderm. (nee Linn.) Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 

xliii. p. 91 (1883). 
Adult male. Green, underneath paler, interscapulium slightly 
tinged with yellow ; uropygium and upper tail-coverts "bright red; 
a large yellow patch on the throat; inner web of the quills and 
tail underneath yerditer-blue : " hill orange-yellow ; cere and feet 
dull yellow" Total length 5 inches, wing 3*15. tail 1*3, bill n*4, 
tarsus 0*4. 

Female. Yellow patch on the throat paler. 
Hub. Java. 


a. tf ad. sk. W. Java. 
A. E. Wallace ~C.~. 
b. S ad. sk. W. Java (A. P. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Java. 
Gould Cull 
d. Skeleton. Java. 
* Mr. Gr. R. Gray was the first to recognize that the Ja-s an Loricuhib, Psittacus 
vemalis, Kuhl (nee Sparrm.), was distinct from the Indian one, and 
gate it the name of L. pusillus. Curiously enough, the specimen which he 
attributed to it in his List, with no locality on the label, is, no doubt, a 
young L. galgulus from Malacca I I cannot account for Finsch stating that it 
is like an adult male in the Leyden Museum ! 
44 . LOKlOUXTTS. 521 
3. Loriculus flosculus. 
f Psittacus vernali^ part., XuM, Consp. Psitt. p. 65 (1820). 
Loriculus flosculus, Wall P. Z. S. 1863, pp. 484, 488, 1864, pp. 288, 
294; Q. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 152, n. 8178 (1870); Wald. 

P. Z. S. 1871, p. 333; id, Tr. Zool Soe. vii p. 27 (1872); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. ii. p. 498 (1875); Meyer, Rowl Om. Misc. ii. p. 233, 
u. 16 (1877) ; Ttceedd. Orn. Works, p. 331 (1881). 
Coryllis flocculus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 728 (1808); Rchmv. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1881, p. 226 {Consp. Ptitt. p. 114): id. Voqelbild. Naclitr. 
n. 44 (1883). 
Type. Green, beneath paler; nape tinged with orange; elongated 

spot on throat red; rump and upper tail-coverts crimson; tail 

above dark green, the tips of the tail-feathers pale green, slightly 

stained -with red; quills and tail-feathers beneath margined with 

verditer-blue : bill red ; feet orange-red. Total length 4*75 inches, 

wing 3, bill 0*45, tarsus 0*35. 

Hab. Elores. 

a. Ad. sk. Flores. A. E. Wallace [0.], (Type of species.) 
4. Loriculus exilis. 
Loriculub exilis, Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iii. p. 185 (180G); 
G. E. Gr. Sand-lid, ii. p. 152, n. 8179 (1870); Wald. Tr. Zool 
Sue. viii. p. 32 (1872); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 60 
(1874); Gieb. Tltes. Orn. ii. p. 498 (1875); Meyer, Rowl. Orn. 
Misc. ii. p. 233, n. 13 (1877); Meyer # Rowl Orn. Misc. ii. p. 243, 
pL 59 (1877); Rosenh.Malay. ArcMp. pp. 274,593 (1878); Meyer, 
Ibis, 1879, p. 52; Tweedd. 'Orn. Works, p. 136 (1881); Meyer, 
VoaeUSkelett. t. xxii. (1882); Bias. Journ. f. Orn. 1883, p. 134; 
Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 544; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 7Q (1889). 
Corvllis exilis, Finsck, Papag, ii. p. 728, t. 5 (1868); Rchno. Vogelhlld. 
t. xv. f. 6 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 226 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 114). 

Adult male. Very much like L. flosculus, but smaller; the nape 

5 ellowish, but not orange; the red spot on the throat surrounded 

by a broad verditer-green area, and more or less concealed by the 

verditer-green edges of the feathers; tips of the tail-feathers 

greenish yellow, not stained with red : " eyes yellow; feet orange-

yellow, somewhat reddish; bill coral-red " (Meyer). Total length 

4*2 inches, wing 2-55, tail 1% bill 0*35, tarsus 0*32. 

Female. Wants the red spot, surrounded by a bluish area, on the 

throat: " iris brown ; bill dull red; tarsus yellow " (Guillemard). 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the red colour of the 

rump and upper tail-coverts less extended ; there is scarcely a trace 

of the red spot on the throat. 

Sab. Celebes. 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Celebes. A. B. Meyer [0.], 

d, e. Ad. et juv. sk. Celebes. Gould Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes (A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 

Meyer). 

522 
P&II'IACIDJC. 

5. loriculus chrysoiiotus. 
Loriculus regulus. G. P. Gr. {nee Souance) Li*t Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 56 (Mindanao) (1850); Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 2SS; Finsch, 
Ibis, 1874, p. 208; Wald. Trans. ZooL Soc. ix. p. 137 (1S75) ; 
Tweedd. Orn. WorU, p. :J04 (1881). 
Coryllis 
regulus (part.)? ^hm Ji, Papag. ii. p. 711 (1808); id. Ibis, 
1872, p. 208. 
Loriculus enlacissi, Sclat. {nee Vieill) P. Z.S. 1871, p. 470: iff. Per. 
List of Vert. p. 202 (1872). 
Loriculus, chry^onotus. Sclat. Ibis, 1872, p. 824, pi. xi. - (Zebu): id. 

P. Z. S. 1872, p. 790; Wald. P. Z. S. 1873, p. o'2V): Garrod. 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 634, 1874, p. 587; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 497 
(1875): Wald. Trans. ZooL 8uc. ix. pp. 137, 249 (1*7.3) ; Skarpe, 
Earns. Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 655 (1881) ; Tweedd. Vwh ChalL. 
Birds, p. 10 (1881); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th eel. p. 820 (1^3,: 
Steere, List etc. p. 6 (1890). 

Coryllis occipitalis (part.), Finsch, Ibis, 1874, p. 208 f; lidmw. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 228 {Consp. Psitt p. 110); id. Vogelbild. 
Naehtr. 47 (1883). 

Coryllis chrysonotus, Finsch, Ibis, 1874, p. 208. 

Loriculus occipitalis, Wald. Tr. ZooL Soc. ix. pp. 135 (nolo), 249 
(1875) ; Meyer, Fowl. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 232, n. 9 (1877); Twadd. 
Orn. HrorA%spp. 803,410 (1881); Wardl. Bams. Tweedd. Out. 
Works, p. G55 (1881). 

Coryllis elirysonota, Bc/tmo. Jonrn. f. Orn. 1881, p. ±29 (Con^t. 
Psitt. p. 117); id. Togelbild. Xachtr. 48 (1888). 

Adult male (type). Green, underneath yellowish green ; forehead, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts red ; vertex, occiput, nape, and upper 
back golden yellow; an obsolete spot in the middle of the nape. aKo 
the upper back, tinged with orange : cheeks, sides of the head and of 
the neck grass-green ; a large patch on the throat orange-red, the 
yellow colour of the base of the feathers showing through ; sides of 
the lower back tinged with Hue ; quills and tail above dark green ; 
inner web of the quills and tail beneath blue; tail-feathers tipped 
with light green: "iris brown; bill orange-red; feet orange" 
{Everett). Total length (r2 inches, wing 3*9, tail 2, bill IH], 
tarsus 0*45. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the anterior part 
of the cheeks and throat tinged with blue; no red patch on the 
throat; the golden-yellow tin^e on the head and nape not so bright; 
the upper back, or interscapular region, green, slightly washed with 

* The plate is very unsatisfactory; the cheeks of the male are tinged -with 
blue, while no such colour exists in the type; the red colour of the 
throat is muck too dark and quite different ; the tail underneath is much too 
deep blue, &c. 
t 
Coryllis occipitalis, Finsch, is founded partly on the specimen labelled 

L. regulus from Mindanao (Cuming) (Gray, List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 5t>)» 
which turns out to be L. ehrywnotus. 
44 . LOBICULFS. 
523 

golden orange, and the blue tinge on the sides of the lower back 
paler. 
Bah. Cebn, Philippine Islands. 

a. $ 
ad. &k. E. Bartlett. 
(Type of species.) 
b. <$ ad. sk. [Mindanao.] 
Cuming Coll. 
(Type of L. regulus, Gr., nee Souanc£, and 
one of the types of C. occipitalis, Finsch.) 

c. d, e. cS 2 ad. sk. Cebn, April {A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
/ . cT ad. sk. Cebu, April {A. H. Everett), Tweeddale Coll 
6. Loriculus regulus. 
Loriculus regulus, Soitance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 222 ; 
Sclat. Ibis, 1872, p. 324 (Xegros and Panay); id. P. Z. S. 1872, 


p. 790; Wald. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 526 ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 499 
(partim) (1875); Wald. Tr. Zool Soc. viii. p. 135 (Negros) (1875); 
Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. i. p. 313 (1870); Meyer, 
RoioL Orn. Misc. ii. p. 232, n. 7 (1877) ; Roiul. § Meyer, ibid. 
p. 238, pi. 58 » (1877); Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 539,820,1878, 
p. 281 (Negro*); id. Orn. Works, pp. 303, 410, 587 (1881); 
Wardl Rams. Tweedd. Orn Works, p. 655 (3881); Steer e, List. 
p. 0(1890). 
Licmetulus re:>ulu&, Bp. Xaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 255. 
Loriculus (Licmetulus) regulus, v. Mart. Joum.f. Orn. 1806, p. 21. 
Corvllis regulus, Finsch, Ibis, 1874, p. 207; Rthno. Jour/i. f. Orn. 
lbbl, p. 228 (Consp. Psitt. p. 11(5): id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 47 
(1883;. 

Corvllis occipitalis (part.), Finsch, Ibis, 1874, p. 208 t j Rchnw. 
Jour. /. Orn. 1881, p. 228 {Consp. Psitt p. 116) ; id. Vogelbild. 
Nacktr. 47 (1883). 

Loriculus occipitalis (part.), Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. pp. 135 (note), 
249 (1875); Meyer, Roiul Orn. Misc. ii. p. 232, n. 9 (1877); 
Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 303,410(1881); Wardl. Rams. Ticeedd. 
Orn. Works, p. 655 (1881). 

Loriculus panayensis, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 536, 538 ; id. Or/i. 
Works, p. 402 (1881); Wardl. Rams. ibid. pp. 655, 667 (1881) ; 
Tweedd. Voy. Chall, Birds, p. 9, pi. 1, f. 1, 2 (1881). 

Corvllis 
panayensis, Rchmo. Jottrn. f. Orn. 1881, p. 227 {Consp. 
Psitt. p. 115); id. Vogelbild. JSTachtr. 45 (1883). 

Adult male. Grass-green, underparts lighter; sincipnt bright 
red; vertex golden yellow; at the base of the nape a spot, or in 
skins a transverse band, golden orange; rump and upper tail-
coverts red; sides of the rump light bine; a large patch on the 
throat orange-red, with the bases of feathers yellow ; quills black, 

* The plate quoted is very unsatisfactory; the golden-yellow vertex, which 
ought to be sharply defined, is scarcely distinct, the spot on the lower nape is 
too red, and should, be orange and less distinct, and the red patch on the throat 
ought to be much larger. 
t Dr. Finsch, in his Coryllis occipitalis, besides a specimen of Loriculus 
chrysonotus, as before stated, includes also a second, labelled in the British 
Museum as L. regufos, from unknown locality. I have been able to ascertain 
that this is the type, or a typical specimen, of L. regulm, Souance of the Massena 
Collection, received through the dealer Parzudaky of Paris, 

524 
PSITTACIDJE. 

on the outer web dark green, beneath verditer-blue like the greater 
under wing-coverts ; the other under wing-coverts green ; tail above 
dark green, tipped with light green, beneath verditer-blue : u bill 
orange-red; cere orange; feet lighter orange'1 (Everdt). Total 
length about 6-2 inches, wing 3-5 to 3*6, tail 1-8, biH 0*8, tarsus 04 . 

Adult female. Like the male; the forehead also red, but the 
vertex green, with a very slight tinge of yellow near the forehead; 
cheeks and feathers near the base of the lower mandible tinged 
more or less with light blue : an orange patch on the lower nape as 
in the male; no orange-red patch on the throat, which is yellowish 
green; bill and feet as in the male. 

Young. Duller green; head entirely green, no yellow patch on 
the nape; the rump and upper tail-coverts duller red, the last 
shorter than in the adult birds ; no bluish tinge on the sides of the 
rump: " feet dirty ochre-yellow " (Everett). 

Hah. Negros and Panay. 

a. Ad. sk. Philippine Is. Alasseim Coll. 
(Type of species, and one of the 
tvpes of C. <»ccipifa!is} Finscli.) 
6, c. <$ ad. et Kegros, March (A. B. Meyer). Gould Coll. 
imm. sk. 
d-i. <$ $ ad. et Negros, March (A. B. Meyer). Tweedclale Coll. 
imm. sk. 
7c. S imm. sk. Xegros. A. B. Mover ~C.1 
7, m. $ ad. sk. Valencia, Negros, August Tweeddale Coll." 

(A. II. Everett). 
n~q. S 
? ad. et Dumaguete, Negros, August Tweeddale Coll. 
5 imm. hk. (A. II. Everett). 

r. <S juv. Dnmaguete, Xegros. Ft b. E. L. Mo*elev "C." 
1. 
s. (S acl. sk. Panay, March (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
t 
u. 6 S ad. sk. Ilo-Ilo, Panay. £ Challenger* Expt*d. 
(Types of X. pftnaye/m^) 

7. Loriculns philippensis. 
Psittacula pkilippensi*, Briss. Orn. i\. p. ^92, pi. xxx. f. 1 (I7G0j; 

Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. 2, p. 144 (1*^20) : Mcyen Nov. Art. C. L.-C 

Nat. Cur. xvi. Suppl. prim. p. 94 (1834): Buiirj. Perr. pi. hU 

(lower fig.) (1837-38); Lkht. Nomencl Ai\ p. 71 f 1654). 

Perruche des Philippines, Daulent. PL Enl 520. f. 1. 

Psittacus philippensis, X. S. Miill S. N. Suppl p. 80, n. 08 (1770) 

(ex Buffon?); Voiyt. Cuv. Uebers. p. 747 (1831): Kvtrf, Cump. 

r Psitt. p! G4 (1820). 

? Petite Perruche de l'isle de Lucon, quatrieme espece, Sonner. Toy. 

a la Nouu. Gidn. p. 77, tab. 40 (upper figure, $ ) f 1770). 

Le Coulaeissi, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 1G9 (1770). 

? La Perruche a ailes noires, Buff. Hist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 174 (1779) 

(ex ISonnerat). 
Philippine Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 311 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 206 ($) (1822). 
Luzonian Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 318 (1781) (ex Sonnerat); id. 
Gen. Hist. ii. p. 271 (1822). 
? Psittacus melanopterus, Scop. Eel. Fhr. et Faun. Inmbr. p. 80, 

n. 28 ($) (1786) (ex Sonnerat). 
44. LOEictrirs. 
525 

P^ittacus gaigulus, var. ft Gm. 8. iV. i. p. 349, n. 46 (1788) (&v 
Brisson); Lath. Lid. Orn. I p. 131, n. 148 (1788): Shaw. Gen. 
ZooL viii. 2, p. 550 (1811). 

i* Ptoittacus minor, Gm. 8. jy. i. p. 351, n. 135 (1788) (&v Somierat); 
Lath Lid. Orn. i. p. 133, n. 155 (1790); VieilL Enc. MM. ill 

p. 1404 (1823). 
Psittaeus coulaeissi, VieilL Eric. M§th. iii. p. 1405 (1823). 
Psittacula coulaci, part., Less. Tr. a?Orn. p. 202 (1831). 
Psittacula rubrifrons, Vig, Phil. Mag. 1831, p. 147 ($); Lear, 
Parrots, pi. 41 (1832); Bourj. Perr. pi. 87 (1837-38) (ex Lear). 
Psittacula riibrifrons, Vig. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 97. 
Psittacula culacissi, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 027 (1832). 
Psittaculus rubrifrons, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 303 (183d). 
Psittacula melanoptera, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, u. 16 (1846). 
Loriculus rubrifrons, Bp. Pev. et 31ag. de ZooL 1854, p. 155, n. 242; 

Hartl. JourA. f. Orn. 1854, p. Ixiii. 

Loriculus philippensis, Souance, Pev. et Mag. de ZooL 1850, p. 221 ; 
Schleq. Mus. P.-B, Psittaci, p. 130 (1864); v. Mart Journ.f. Orn. 
1806,' p. 21; op. cit. Bemie, p. 59 (1874); Wold. Tr. ZooL 8oc. ix. 
pp. 135, 249 (1875) j Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 820; id. Orn. 

Works, pp. 209,303, 304,410,547 (1881) j Wardl. Bams. Tweedd. 
Orn. Works, p. 655 (1881); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 76 (1889); 
titeere, List, p. 6 (1890). 

Licmetukw phiiippen^is, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 254. 
Loriculus culacissi, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. oQ (1859) ; 
Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 288; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 498 (1875); 
Meyer, Pmvl. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 232, n. 6 (1877); id. Vogel-Skelett. 

t. ii. (1879). 
? Loriculus melanopterus, Wall. P. Z. S. 1864, pp. 288, 294. 
Coryllis culacissi, Finsoh, Papag. ii. p. 705 (1808). 
Licmetulus culacissi, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 152, n. 8181 (1870). 
Coryllis philippensis, Pckmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 228 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 116) j id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 47 (1883), 

Adult male. Grass-green, underparts lighter; sinciput bright 
red, bordered behind, more or less distinctly, with yellow; a slight 
yellow tinge more or less distinct on the vertex; on the nape a spot, 
or in skins a transverse patch, golden orange; rump and upper 
tail-coverts red; sides of the rump light blue ; a large patch on the 
throat orange-red, with yellow bases to the feathers ; quills black, on 
the outer web dark green, beneath verditer-blue, like the greater 
under wing-coverts and the tail beneath; tail above dark green, 
tipped with light bluish green; "eyes brown; feet orange; bill 
red " (' Challenger'). Total length about 6 inches, wing 3*6, tail 
1-7, bill 0-6, tarsus 04. 

Adult female. Differs from the adult male in having the anterior 
part of the cheeks and the feathers near the base of the lower mandible 
tinged with blue; the underparts yellowish green, with no 
orange-red patch on the throat. 

Bab. Luzon. 
a, h. <$ J ad. sk.
c, d. <S ? ad. sk. 
Philippines. 
Luzon (A. B. Meyer). 
Cuming Coll 
Tweeddale ColL 
e. 5 ad. sk.
/ . 2 ®&* skManilla 
(A. B. Meyer). 
Manilla (Maitland-Heriot). 
Gould ColL 
Tweeddale Coll* 

52 6 
PcSlTTACIDJE. 

8. Loriculus mindorensis. 
Loriculus 
mindorensis, Steere, List B. $• M. Sfeere Exped. to the 
Bhilipp. p. 6 (1890). 

Adult. Green, paler yellow ; the head bright green, the back with 
a slight tinge of yellow; a crimson hand across the forehead, ending 
sharply in the green of the vertex; rump and upper tail-coverts 
red; sides of the rump blue; a large patch on the throat orange-
reel, with the base of the feathers yellow; middle of the abdomen 
and under tail-eoverts yellowish green ; quills Hack, with the outer 
web dark green, the inner web underneath, and the tail below, blue; 
tail above dark green, tipped with yellowish green : bill orange-
red ; feet yellow (?). Total length &2 inches, wing 3*7, tail 1*72, 
bill about 0-6, tarsus 0*43. 

Hah. Mindoro. 

Besides a typical specimen, there is in the British Museum 
a second specimen apparently belonging to the same species: 
although fully adult, it has the head rather paler green ; the 
dimensions are a little smaller ; it is labelled as from Manilla, but 
there is no collector's name to corroborate the statement. 

a. S ad. sk. Calapan, Mindoro, May Steere Exped. 
(E. L. Mosdey). {Typical ^pecim^n.) 
b. S ad. sk. [Manilla.] * Gould Coll. 

9. Loriculus siquijorensis. 
Lorieuhth siquijorensLs, Steere, List B. $ M. Stair Etj,t>f. t*, ike 
P/rilipp. p. (j\l8ijO). 

Adult male. Green, " with large quadrangular spot of crimson upon 
the forehead and crown, ending sharply in the general green of the 
upper surface " (Steere) ; rump and upper tail-coverts red ; underpays 
yellowish green; a patch on the throat red, with the base of 
the feathers yellow; primaries on the outer web and tail above 
dark green ; lateral tail-feathers towards the apex blue, and tipped 
with light bluish green; inner web of the quills below and tail 
beneath blue: bill orange-red; feet yellow(?). Total length 
6*5 inches, wing 4, tail 2, bill 0*62, tarsus 0*46. 

Adult female and young male. " Eed spot upon the forehead 
veiled by blue tips to the red feathers " (Steere); cheeks and throat 
tinged with blue; no red patch on the throat; tail as in the male. 

Eab. Siquijor (between Cebu and Mindanao), Philippines. 

as b. d J ad. sk. Siquijor, Feb. (F. & Bourns). Steere Exped. 
(Typical specimens.) 

10. Loriculus indicus. 
The smallest Green and Red Indian Paroquet, Edu\ L pi. 6 (1745); 
Seliym. Samml Ausland. V'dg. i. pi. xi. f. 1 (1749 (from Edwards I. 
Psittticula iiidica, Brims. Ortu h\ p. 390 (1700). 

44 . LOKICtTLTJS. 
527 
Bed and Green Indian Parrot, Lath. Sun. i. p. 311 (1781): id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 264 (1822). 

Paittacus indicus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 349, n. 128 (nee n.58) (1788) (ex 
JBrisson); Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 104 (181J J ; Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt. p. 65 (<? nee 5) (1820); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 747 (1831). 

Psittacus asiaticus, Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 130, n. 146 (1790); Shear, 
Gen. Zool. viii, 2, p. 553 (1811); Vieill. Enc. MUh. iii. p. 1407 
(1823). 1 

Psittacula indica, part., Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv, 2, p. 144 (syn. 

emend.) (1826) ; G. It Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 17 (1846). 
Psittacula coulaci, part., Less. Tr. (TOrn. p. 202 (male) (1831). 
Ptittacula minor, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 628 (male) (1832). 
Psittacula philippensis, Bourj. Peri', pi. 89 (upper fig.) (1837-38). 
Psittacus indiciib vel minor, Bourj. Perr. text, p. 89 (1837-38). 
Loriculus pliilippensis, Blyth {nee Briss.), Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. 

p. 10, n. 46 (Ceylon) (1849). 
Loriculus asiaticus, Blyth, op. eit, p. 312 (1849); id. Journ. A. 8. B. 
xviii. p. 801 (1849), xix. p. 236(1850); Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. 
Ctyl p. 127 (1852) ; Layard, Ann. fy Mag. N. II. (2) xiii. p. 261 
(1854J ; Ilartl. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 158; Horsf. $ Moore, Cat. 
B. Mus. E. I. Comp. ii. p. 628 (1856) ; Wald. P. Z. S. 1866, 
p. 
539 ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 634, 1874, p. 587; Tweedd. Orn. 
Works, p. 17 (1881); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8tli ed. p. 326 (1883). 
Loriculus indiens, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 240; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 219, n. 173, p. 220, 
(male nee femelle), p. 221 (Ceylon); Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt. n. 247; Cass. Narr. Exp. under Comm. Perry, p. 242 (1856); 
Journ. f. Orn. 1858, p. 449; G. It Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 55 (1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 132 (1864); Pelz. 
IsovaraMeise, Tog. p. 99 (1865); G. It. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 152, 
n. 8173 (1870); Holdstv. P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 405, 426; Legge, Ibis, 
1874, p. 15; Hume, 8tr. Feath. ii. p. 186 (1874); Schleg. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, Mevue, p. 60 (1874); Legge, Str. Feath. iii. p. 365 
(1875); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 498 (1875); Meyer, Roiol. Orn. 
Misc. ii. p. 232, n. 2 (1877); Tweedd. P. Z. S.1877, p. 820; Hume, 
Str. Feath. vii. p. 368 (1878), viii. p. 87, n. 153 bis (1879); Legge, 
B. of Ceyl. pp. 180, 1212, pi. iv. lower fig. (ad.), pi. vii. upper iig. 
(young) (1880) ; Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp.546, 547 (1881) ; Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 76 (1889). ^ 
? Loriculus puniculus (sinensis), Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, 

p. 155, n. 241; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, pp. 219, 221; 
Bp. Xaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 250; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. 5o (1859)*; Sclat. Ibis, 1860, p. 361 (note); Sioinh. 
Ibis, 1861, p. 411, 1862, p. 305; G. It Gr, Hand-list, ii. p. 152, 
n. 8174 (1870) ; Swinh. P. Z. S.1871, p. 391. 
Loriculus coulaci, Blyth, Ibis, 1863, p. 7, 1867, p. 226. 
Loriculus edwardsi, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, pp. 295, 311; Wald. Ibis, 
1807, p. 46; Nevill. Journ. A. 8. B. {Ceyl. Br.) 1870-71,p. 32 ; 
Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 49 (1881). 

Coryliis 
indica, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 714 (1868); llchiw. Journ. f. 
Orn. 1881, p. 227 {Consp. Psitt p. 115); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 
46 (1883). 

* It is difficult to say what Bonaparte meant by bis Loriculus puniculus; 
Mr. Grray attributed to this species two specimens which he puts down as 
from China (Fortune's Collection), whereas they are from Ceylon, and were 
collected by Mr. Thwaites. 
528 
Pa.nii.ciDo:. 

Adult male. Green, underneath paler: pileum. uropyginni, and 
upper tail-coverts red; nape and interscapular region tinged with 
orange; lores, cheeks, chin, and throat tinged with blui-h ; inner 
webs of the quills and tail underneath yerditer-blne : itoiris white; 
bill light orange-red, paler at the tip ; lower mandible paler than 
the upper; legs and feet dusk}' yellow; cere yellow" (Lerye). 
Total length 5*7 inches, wing 3*7, tail 1*6\ bill 0*58, tarsia 04." 

Adult female. Like the male. 

Young. Porehead greenish grey, vertex bluntly tinged with 
orange; interscapular region green, with -jarcely any oranire 
tinge; cheeks green, with no bluish tinge; a very slight tinge of 
blue on the throat. 

Hal. Ceylon. 
a. Ad. st J. Brenehley. E^ . ™R"\ 
b. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Dr. Kela-rt TV . 
c,d.M. sk. Ceylon. Thwaitt- Coll "(TNpe* 
of L jj?/nie?/ht±j Gr.)" 
e,f, g. S ad. et Ceylon, Nov. (Messrs. Hart Hume Coll. 
$ yar. sk. Bros.). 
h} i gad.sk. Ceylon. Hume Coll. 
k,l,m. J S ad. Cejlon, April, July, Dee. Tw^ddil*-Cull. 
sk. (S. Chapman), 
n, o. S $ ad.sk. Ceylon, Dec. (S. Chapman). Lurrl W.iM n "P.". 
p-a'. Ad. etimm. Ceylon (H. Xn-ille). Tweyddale C »11. 
et (yar.) sk. 
V. 2 ad. sk. Cevlon, March. f\A. W. V. L ^-.e IV. 
c'. 6 ad. sk. N.W. Provinces, Feb. Col. \V. V. Leg^e ;p.*\ 
d'. Imm. sk.
e't f. Imm. sk. 
[Mindanao.] 
~ 
ComiigColl " 
Gould Coil4" 

11. Loriculiis apicalis. 
? Petite Penuehe 
de lisle de Ltieon, Sonn. Voa. Xo?j . frin'n.^. 77, 
pi. 40 (fig. inf. $) (1770). 
r'Pbittacn^ nielan* jpteru^ Scop. Btl, Flor. et Faun Inwbr. ii. p. ^6, 

n. 23 (3 ) (176t>) {e.v Sonnerat). 
!'Loriculus indicus, A, Souance, Pu>>\ et Mag. de Zvol. l*v>0, p. 220 
(partiin). 
Loriculus apicalis, Souance, JRer. 11 Ma//, de Zoo I. l^"M, pp. 2:20, 221 
(Mindanao); Bp. Naumanam. 1N>(5, Con^p, P^iff. n. 249; JTrt//. 

P. Z. & 1804, pp. 288, 294 ; i\ Mart Jourti. f. Orn. I860, p. 21 ; 
G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. loh n. 8176 (1670): Leage. B. of 
Cei/1. p. 181 (1880). 
? Loriculus sp.? Souance, I. c. p. 221. 
? Loriculus cyanolsenius, Bp. Naamannia, 1856, COH^J. Psz'ft. 

n. 248 (e# Souance). 
* 
See footnote on previous page. 
f The last three specimens have the appearance of having been skinned by 
the same person; they agree with the others except in the wing, which is a 
little longer, so that I am not quite satisfied whether they belong to L. indincb. 
Dr. Finsch has already alluded to the specimen labelled* 3//Hrto/Mt> fPapag. ii, 

p. 717). 
44 . LOKICTTLTJS. 
529 

Loriculus rnelanopterus, G. M. Gr. (nee Scop. ?) List Psitt Brit, 
Mus. p. 55 (Mindanao); v. Mart Jburn. f. Orn. 1866, p. 21 ; 

G. B. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 152, n. 8175 (1870). 
Coryllis hartlaubi (part), Fi?isch, Papag. ii. p. 711 ($) (1868). 
Loriculus hartlaubi, Wold. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 526; id. Tr. Zool. JSoc. 
is. pp. 131, 249 (Mindanao) (1875); Meyer, Boiul. Orn. Misc. ii. 

p. 233, n. 10 (1877); Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 819, pi. lxxxii. f. 1 
6,2 $ (Mindanao), 1878, pp. 107, 340 (?) (South Leyte, variety), 
709 (Bohol), 937 (Zaniboanga), 1879, p. 68 (Basilan) j id. Orn. 
Works, pp. 299, 303, 304, 410, 545, 540, 547, oQQ, 595, 621, 628, 
646 (1881); Wardl. Ba?ns. Tiveedd. Orn. Works, p. 655 (Leyte, 
Boliol, Dinagat, Bazol, Mindanao, Basilan) (1881); ? Kutter, 
Journ.f. Orn. 1883, p. 294; Steere, List, p. 6 (1890). 
Coryllis ;apicalis, Rchmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 229 (Co?isp. Psitt 

p. 117); id. Vogelbild. Nach.tr. 49 (1883). 
Loriculus bonapartei (part.), Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 252. 
Loriculus worcesteri, Steere, List B, fy M. Steere Exped. to the 
PMlipp. p. 6 (1890). 

Adult male. Green; crown red, changing into orange on the 
nape; hack and scapulars washed more or less with golden; ramp 
and upper tail-coverts rich crimson; sides of the rump tinged with 
bluish; cheeks and underparts yellowish green; a red patch on 
the throat, with the base of the feathers yellow ; quills black, dark 
green on the outer web, blue on the inner web below; tail above 
green, the lateral feathers blue towards the tip, and tipped with 
pale bluish green; tail underneath blue: li iris brown, bill red-
orange ; cere and feet orange " (Everett). Total length 5*8 inches, 
wing 3*6, tail 1-7, bill 0-6, tarsus 0*4. 

Female. Differs from trie male in having the lores, cheeks, chin, 
and upper throat pale blue, and no red patch on the lower throat 
and upper breast. 

Young. Crown-feathers green at the base and tipped with 
orange, instead of red; the back pure green, not suffused with 
yellow, the uropygium less intense crimson, mixed more or less 
with green; cheeks, chin, and throat green, but in a second stage 
these parts become more and more tinged with blue. 

Hah. Samar, Leyte, Bohol, Dinagat, Bazol, Mindanao, Basilan, 
and, apparently, also Panay. 

a. Ad. sk. Philippines, 
Massena Coll. 
(Type of species and one of the 
types of U. hartlauhi, Finsch.) 

b. Ad. sk. 
Sir E. Belcher [P.]. 
c. <$ imin. sk. Panay, Jan. (D. Worcester). Steere Expedition. 
Samar, April (E. L. Moseley). Steere Expedition. 

d. d ad. sk. 
S. Leyte, July (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale CoU. 
e. S juv. sk. 
Amparo, S. tieyte, July (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 

/-/. <S 2 ad. et 
<$ imm. sk. 

Everett). 

Bohol, Oct, (A. H. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 

m. J juv. sk. 
Dinagat Is., June, July (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 

n-r. S $ ad. sk. 

Everett). 

s. 
d imm.sk. Bazol Is., July (A. H Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
VOL. xx. 
2 M 

JPSIITACIBJE. 

t,u. S ad. et Placer, X. Mindanao, July (A. Tweeddale Coll 

<? imm. sk. JB1 Everett). 

v-d'. S $ ad. et Butuan, X. Mindanao, May ( X Tweeddale Coll. 

imm. sk. JET. Everett), 
e'. J imm. sk. Mindanao^ Oct. (JP. & Bourns). Steere Expedition. 
/' . Ad. sk. Mindanao. Pureha-ed. 

(Type of L. mdampterv*, Gray, and 
one of the types of C, hart fait hi, FiLjch.) 
ff'-k'. 3 2 ad. et Zaaaboanga, S.Mindanao, April, Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. May (A. H. Everett). 
I'. $ imm. sk. Basilam May {A, E. Eierettu Tweeddale Coll > 

12. Loriculus "bouapartei. 
Loriculus bonapartei, Souance', Per. et Mag, it ZooL 1H«;*J, p. 222; 

G. It Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mvs. p. 56 f 18o9j; Wall. P. ZiiS. 1564, 
pp. 228, 294; Gieb. Ikes. Orn. ii. p. 407 (IS7-3); Mryer, EmcL 
Orn. Misc. ii. p. 2327 n. 5 (1877j; Ticeedd. P. Z. S. 1*71, p. 620; 
*77. Orn. Works, p. 54t> (1881); Guillem. P. Z. S. IStw, p. 202 
(partim) ; Salvad, Ibis, 1891, p. 4*>, pi. iii 
Licmetulus bonapartii, Bp. Naummmia, 1&30, Cm$p. P*iii« n. 25*i; 
6?. JR. <?r. Hand-list, ii. p. 152, XL 8183 (lb70). 
Coryllis bonapartei, Finsch} Pajxtg. ii. p. 703 (18C&); Ilckmw. Juum. 

f. Orn. 1881, p. 321 (Ctoqp. Pwtt. p. 119); id. VogeMd. Nuchtr. 
54 (1883). 
Adult male. Green, underparts a little lighter; head above red, 
scarlet on the forehead, shading off into a rich orange on the 
occiput; rump and upper tail-coverts red; a large patch on the 
throat also red; outer web of the primaries and tail-feathers dark 
green, the last tipped with lighter green; inner weh> of the quilL 
underneath and under surface of the tail-feathers venliter-blue ; bill 
horny black; feet in the dried skin dusky, nearly black. Total 

* LORICULUS, sp. 
Loriculus apiealis, G. R. Gr. {nee Souowi) Libf Psitf. Bni. Mm. p. 56, 

spec, a (Mindanao, Cuming) (18oty; Ik-add. P. Z. S. 1*77, p. 821; id 

Orn. Works, p. 547 (1881). 

Coryllis hartlaubi (part.), Finsch, Papag. ii. pp. 712, 721 (IBIJS). 

a. J ad. sk. Mindanao. Cuming Coll 
I nave not been able to identify the above bird, which seems a fully adult 
female; it is the specimen mentioned as L. apiml'm hj Gray (I, c. h and of which 
Mr. Sharpe, writing to the Marquis of Tweeddale/said that it is somewhat 
larger than I. melanopterus (= apicalis, Souance), though lie v,. ondereel that it 
had been separated. 

It is about the size of L. siqujjorensis; in colouring it comes near the 
female of L. apicalis, but has the red of the crown not reaching the occiput; 
the tail above shows much blue towards the tip of the lateral feathers. I add 
the description of the specimen, which is not in very good condition :— 

Green; forehead and vertex red; nape with a slight tinge of orange; cheeks 
and throat blue; rump and tipper tail-coverts red; tail green abo?e, the lateral 
feathers blue towards the tip; tail underneath dee^ blue; bill orange. Total 
length 6*5 inches, wing 3*85, tail 1*75. 

44 . L0EICU1US. 
length about 6 inches, wing 3*7, tail 1*95, bill 0*6, tarsus 0-42. 

{Museum Rothschild.) 
Female. ~$o gular red patch, lores and cheeks blue. (Museum 

Rothschild*) 
Sab. Sooloo Islands. 
I am indebted to the Hon. Walter Rothschild for having sent 

to me for comparison four of the rive specimens collected in the 
Sooloo Islands by Dr. Guillemard and Mr. Powell, and three more 
collected by Dr. Platen. I have recently shown that the bill of 
this species, contrary to Dr. Guttlemard's statement, is black. 

Dr. Guillemard is certainly wrong also in considering the Sooloo, 
bird identical with the one from Leyte, Bohol, Dinagat, Mindanao, 
and Basilan, as, besides the different colouring of the bill, it is 
larger, and has the tail dark green above, with no blue towards the 
end of the feathers, a feature which is constant in L. apicalis from 
the Philippines. 

13. Loriculus galgulus. 
Psittacus galgulus, Linn, Amain. Acad. iv. p. 236 (1754); id. S. N. 
i. p. 150, n. 46 (syn. emend.) (1766); Gm. S. N. i. p. 349, n. 46 
(without var. 0) (1788) ; Lath. Ltd. Orn. i. p. 131, n. 148 
(without var. #) (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 550 (without 
Tar.) (1811); Bechst. Kurze TJeb. p. 105 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt. p. 65 (1820); Raffl. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 281 (1822); 
Bomm. Natural. Reposit i. pi. 17 (1822); Vieill JEJnc. Meth. iii. 
p. 1407 (1823) j Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 746 (1831); Bourj. Ben. 
p. 89 (1837-38); S. Mull Verh. Land-en Volkenh. pp. 107,108, 
381 (1839-44). 
Sapphire-crowned Parrakeet, Fdw. Glean, vi. p. 293, f. 1 (1760); 
Lath. Gen. Hist. ii.p. 266 (1822). 
Petite Perruche de l'lsle de Lucon, premiere espece, Sonner. Voy. a 
la Nouv. Guin. p. 76, pi. 38 (lower fig.) (1776). 
Petite Perruche duPerou, BAubent PL Fnl. 190. f. 2. 
La Perruche a tete bleue, ife#. Hist. Nat Ois. vi. p. 123 (1779). 
Philippine Parrakeet, var. A, Sapphire-crowned Parrakeet, Lath. 

Syn]Lpp. 312, 313 (1781). 
Psittacula philippensis, Bodd. (nee Briss.) Tall, des PL FnL p. 12 
(1788). 

Psittacus purnilus, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. p. 87, n. 26 
(1786) (ex Smnerat). 

Psittacula galgula, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 144 (1826); Less. Tr. 
WOrn. p 202 (1831); Vig. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 36 ; Strickl. P. Z. S. 
1842, p. 167. 

Psittacula galgulus, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 626 (ad. male only) 
(1832); Marti. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 88 (1844); G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 14 (1846); Pelz. Novara Reise, Yog. p. 99 

(1865). 

Psittaculus galgulus, S%o. Class. B. ii. p. 303 (1836); Selby, Nat 
Libr., Parrots, p. 168 (descr. of the ad. male) (1836) ; Less. CompL 
de Buff. ix. p. 211 (1837). 

Psittacula cyaneopileata, Bourj. Perr. pi. 88 (1837-38). 
Loriculus purnilus, Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 9, n. 45 (1849); 
^.1^ , 1862, p. 388. 

PSIITAOIDiE. 

Loriftulus galgaius.Blyth, J. A. S. B. xviii.jp. 801 (1849), six. p. 236 

Cat. B. Mus. EI. Comjp. ii. p. 626 (1856); Bolle, Jour a. f. Orn. 
1856, p. 170; Cass. Xarr. Exped. Ferry, p. 242 (Ceylon !) (1856) 
(Journ. f. Orn. 1858, p. 449); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 454; 

G. B. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 54 (1859); Bosenb. Jovm. f. 
Orn. 1862, p. 60; id. Xat Tijdschr. Xed. Ind. xxv. p. 13U 18153"); 
£/•/&, Ifr*, 1863, p. 6; Sefo*. P. Z. S. 1363, p. 208: IT*//. 
P. Z. A 1864, pp. 287, 294; Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 131 
(1864); ? Sivinh Ibis, 1866, p. 130; Bh/tk, I&w, 1867, p. 295: 
G. P. Gr. BCand-list, ii. p. 151, n. 8169 (1870): Stoliczlm, Jovrn. 
A. S. B. xxxix. p. 282 (1870} ; JTor/rf. Mis, 1571, p. 161: 6'ff/v. 
P. £. & 1874, p. 587; Salvad. Cat. TTcc. di Bora. p. 26 {1574); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue,?. 02 (1874); Gieb. Tim. Orn. 
ii. p. 498 (1875); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 36; Briigg. Abh. Brem. 
v. p. 454 (1876); Meyer, Bowl Orn. Misc. ii. p. 232, n. 4 {1577); 
Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 292; Bosenb. Malay. ArcMp. pp. 108, 220 
(Nias) (1878); Hume, Str. Feaih. viii. p. 51 (1879j; Skarpr>7 
P. Z. S.1879, p. 325 (var.), 1881, p. 791; Kelh. Ibis, 18^1, p. 2^7 
(Pulo Battam); Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 101, 482 (1881) ; Both, 
Ibis, 1882, p. 476; Salv. Cat B. Strickl Coll. p. 459 (18821: 
Nichols. Ibis, 1883, pp. 88, 239; Selat. List Vert An. 8th eil. 
p. 326 (1883); Bias. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxiii. p. 23 (1883); 
SneUem. Sum. Exp., Vog. p. 32 (1884); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 404; Biittik. Not. Leyd. Mus. ix. p. 12 (1886); Vorderm. Xat. 
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xlvi. p. 224 (1886); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Cir. 
Gen. (2)iv. p. 518 (1887); Vorderm. Nat Tijdschr. Xed. Ltd. 
xlix. p. 338 (1889); Everett, Journ. Str. Br. P. As. SOP. l^d, 
p. 177; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 70 (1839); Sharpe, Ibi*, IsiK), 
p. 1; Vorderm. Nat Tijdschr. Xed. Lid. I. p. 421 (1S90J. 
Gonitis galgulus, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 699 (1^68); Brehm, Jovrn. 
f.Orn. 1860, p. 138; Sundev. Meth. nat. Ar. dlsp. Tuit p. 71 
(1872); Bchnw. Vogelbild. t xv. f. 2 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 229 (Qonsp. Psitt. p. 118). 

Adult male. Green; adeepblae spot on the middle of the crown; 
a golden yellow triangular spot on the interscapular region; a 
bright yellow band across the lower back; rump and upper tail-
coverts scarlet-red; a large scarlet-red patch on the throat; wings 
and tail above green; greater under wing-coverts, inner web of the 
quills underneath, and tail beneath verditer-blue; tail-feathers 
tipped with yellowish green: " bill and cere black; iris deep 
brown; feet buffy brown" (Davison). Total length about 5*2 
inches, wing 3*3, tail 1*4, bill 0*45, tarsus 0*38. 

Adult female. Different from the male ; the green colour duller 
and more yellowish on the underparts; blue spot on the middle of 
the crown duller; orange patch on the interscapular region nearly 
obsolete: no yellow band across the lower back; rump and upper 
tail-coverts duller red, the last shorter than in the male; no red 
patch on the throat. 

Young. Dull green, all the feathers with narrow dusky edges; 
forehead grey, with a bluish tinge on the sides; no blue spot on 
the crown; no orange patch on the interscapular region; rump 

44 . LOBICULUS. 
green, with the edges of the feathers dull red: " bill, eere, legs, 
and feet dull yellow; bill shaded dusky" (Davison). 
Hab. Malay Peninsula from the Wellesley Province down to 
Singapore, Sumatra, Mas, Bangka, and Borneo. 


a, b. Ad. sk. Wellesley Province, Nov., Dec, Hume Coll. 

(F. StoliczJca). 
o-f. 6 2 ad. et Klang, Selangore, March, July, Hume Coll. 
imm sk. Aug. ( W. Davison). 
g-m. 6 S ad. sk. Dingding Is., Feb. ( W. Davi- Hume Coll. 
son). 
?i, o,p. Ad. sk. Malacca (Cantor), India Museum [P.]. 


q. & juv. sk. Malacca. Wallace Coll. 
r-w. Ad. et imm. Malacca, July, Aug. Hume Coll. 
sk. 
x-v'\ 
c?2 ad.et Johore, Aug., Nov. (W. DaviHume 
Coll. 
imm. sk. son). 

q", r"m. <? $ ad. Singapore Is., Aug. (W.fJDavi-Hume Coll. 
et imm. sk. son). 
s". $ ad. sk. Singapore. Gould Coll. 

t",u". Ad.sk. Sumatra {Baffles). India Museum [P."]. 
^". Ad. sk. [Java.] East India Co. [PA 
w". Ad. sk. pDarjeeling.] Wallace Coll. 
x". Ad. sk. Sumatra. India Museum [P.], 
y"-(P. Ad et Sumatra, Sept., Oct. (Carl Tweeddale Coll. 

imm. sk. Bock). 

e\f\g\ Ad.sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (E. C. Tweeddale Coll. 
Buxton). 

hz 

. JUT. sk. Billiton. Tweeddale Coll. 
i\ k\ <J $ ad. Sibu, Jan. A. H. Everett, Esq. 

sk. [C.]. 
IK Ad. sk. Sarawak. Tweeddale Coll. 
mz. Ad. sk. Sarawak (Brooke). Gould Coll. 
n3. Ad. sk. Brunei Eiver. Bassett Smith, Esq. 

[P.]. 
o3. Ad. sk. Labuan. Tweeddale Coll. 
pz. Ad. sk. (var.). Labuan. Sir Hugh Low [P.]. 
q\ Juv.sk.* 
r\ $ skeleton. 

14. Loriculus sclateri* 
Loriculus sclateri, Wall P. Z. S.1862, p. 336, pi. xxxviii.; id. P. Z. S. 
1864, pp. 281, 294; SeMeg. Mus. R~B. Psittaci, p. 132 (1864); 
id. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk iii. p. 186 (1865); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, 

ii. p. 152, n. 8177 (1870); 8chleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 8 
(1871) 5 id. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 61 (1874) ; Gieb. Thes. 
0m. ii. p. 499 (1875) j Meyer, Botol Orn. Misc. ii. p. 233, n. 15 
(1877): id. Ibis, 3879, p. 52; 8clat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 326 
(1883); Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 76 (1889). 
Coryllis sclateri, Finsch, Bapag. ii. p. 697 (1868); Bchnw. Journ. f. 
Orn. 1881, p. 230 (Consp. Bsitt. p. 118); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 51 
(1883). 

* Specimen mentioned in Gray's ListPsitt. p. 54 as L.pimllus (Java?). 
PSIXTACIDJE. 

Adult male. Green, the quills and the tail darker ; forehead with 
a tinge of reddish "brown at the hase of the feathers; a large 
patch on the back, extending in a triangle between the shoulders, 
golden orange-yellow, deepening in the middle to rich orange-red; 
rump and upper tail-coverts bright red: a stripe on the throat and 
the metacarpal edge red ; outer web of the quills green, Inner web 
black; inner web of the quills underneath and tail beneath blue ; 
tip of the tail-feathers paler green : " bill black ; cere and base of 
the upper mandible yellow; feet yellow: iris yellow *? {Wallace). 
Total length 5*8 inches, wing 3*6, tail 1*7, bill 0*52. tarsus 0*45. 

Female* Like the male. 

Young. Green colour duller; the patch on the back Is golden 
yellow, with no orange-red In the middle; the rump and the uropygium 
of a duller red; the stripe on the throat dull orange-red ; 
the carpal edge yellow, stained with orange. 

Hal. Sula Islands. 

a-g. Ad. etjuv. Sula Islands. 
A. R. Wallace [Cr. 

sk. (Types of specie.-!) 
h, i Ad. sk. Sula Islands (A. R. Wallace), Gould Coll. 
h, I Ad. sk. Sula Islands {A. R. Wallace), Tweeddale Coll 

m. 
J sternum 
with scapular 
girdle. 
15. LoriculiLS quadricolor. (Plate XT.) 
Loriculus quadricolor, 
Wald. Ann. # Mag. K. H. (4) ix. p. 398 
(1872) ; id. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 100 (note) (1872); Meyer. Journ. 

f. Orn. 1873; p. 404; id. in Howl. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 233, n. 14 
"(1877); Rosenb. Malaij. ArcMjj. p. 274 (1878); Meyer, Ibi*, 1879, 
pp. 52,145,146,147; Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 125, 207 (note) 
(1881); Wardl Rams. Ticeedd. Orn. Works, p. C07 (ISbl). 
Lorius (!) quadricolor, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 814 (1877). 
Cory His quadricolor, JRchmo. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 231 {Cmisp. 

Psitt p. 119); id. VogeMld. Nachtr. 55 (1883). 

Adult male (type). Like the male of L. sclaten, from which it 
differs in having the crown bright red, the interscapular region 
golden orange, without the orange-red tinge in the middle, and the 
rump and upper tail-coverts of a darker red; " eyes yellowish white; 
feet yellowish red; bill and claws black; cere and skin round the 
eyes reddish yellow " (Meyer). Total length 5*8 inches, wing 3*09, 
tail 1*7, bill 0*45, tarsus 0*37. 

Female. Dif ers from the male, wanting the red crown ; the head 
is green ; on the forehead the bases of the feathers are red. 
Young. Like the female, but has the metacarpal edge greenish 
yellow. 

Hah. Togian Islands, in the Gulf of Tomini (Celebes). 

This species is smaller than L. sclateri, and has the bill entirely 
black, whereas in L. sclateri the base of the bill is yellow. 
Of the three specimens examined the male is not fully adult, 
having a few green feathers interspersed among the red ones of the 

44 . LOEICUXTTS. 
535 
pilenm; the one marked female has no red on the pileum, and the 
carpal edge green-yellow, so that I think it is a young bird: the 
third specimen has the metacarpal edge yellowish green mixed with 
red, and I think it is not fully adult; it is marked young male, but 
I should say that it is a female nearly adult, as it wants the red 
feathers of the male on the pileum, and on the forehead only the 
bases of the feathers are red. 

a. tf , nearly fully Togian Islands (Br. A. B. Tweeddale Coll."! 
adult sk. Meyer). 
b. $, perhaps imrn. Togian Islands (Br. A. B. Tweeddale Coll. [
sk. Meyer). 
c. <$, or perhaps Togian Islands (Br. A. B. Tweeddale Coll. J 
nearly adult $. Meyer). (Types of species.) 

16. Loriculus stigmatus. 
Psittacus (Psittacula) stigmatus, S. Mull. $* Schley. Verh. Land-en 

Volkenk. p. 182 (1841,^fe Lord Walden). 

Psittacula strigmata, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 25 (1846). 

Loriculus stigmatus, Bp. Rev. et May. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 244; 

Soaunce, Bev. et May. de Zool. ,1856, p. 222; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. PsiU. n. 252; G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 54 (1859) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 225, 226; Wall. P. Z. S. 
1864, pp. 287, 294; Schley. Bierent. p. 70, with fig. (1864) ; id. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 131 (1864) ; G. B. Gr. Sand-list, ii, 
p. 152, n. 8170 (1870); Wald. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 333; Schley. 
Ned. Tijdschr. Bierk. iv. p. 8 (1871); Wald. Tr. Zool Soc. viii. 
p. 32 (1872); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 60 (1874); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 645 (1875) ; Gieh. Thes. 
Dm. ii. p. 499 (1875); Brugy. Abh. nat. Ver. Brem. v. p. 40 
(1876) ; Meyer, Bowl. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 233, n. 12 (1877); Boiul 
Sr Meyer, Orn. Misc. ii. p. 250, pi. 60 (1877); Zenx, Journ.f. Orn. 
1877, p. 363; Meyer, Ibis. 1879, p. 51; Bosenb. Malay. Archip. 
p. 274 (1878); Bias. Journ. f. Orn. 1883, p. 134; Guillem. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 543 ; Bias. Zeitschr.f yes. Orn. ii. p. 218 (1885); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll B. p. 76 (1889). 
Nanodes stigmatus, 
Bosenb. Journ. f. Orn. 1862, p. 60; id. Nat. 
Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 139 (1863). 
Ooryllis stigmata, Finsch, Papay. ii. p. 694 (1868); Bchnw. Voyelbild. 

t. xv. f. 7 (1878-83); id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, j>. 231 (Consp. Psitt 
p. 119); Peh. u. Lor. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. lii. p. 39 (1888). 
Adult male. Green, paler beneath, the nape and the interscapular 
region with a shade of orange ; sinciput blood-red; rump and upper 
tail-coverts also red but much darker ; a red spot on the chin and 
throat; metacarpal edge red; quills on the inner webs and tail 
beneath verditer-blue; tips of the tail-feathers pale green: iris 
pale yellow; bill black; cere and feet orange. Total length about 
6 inches, wing 3*8, tail 1-7, bill 0-49, tarsus 0*46. 

Adult female. Like the adult male, but wants the red patch on 
the sinciput. 
Young. Like the female, having the head entirely green; the 

536 
PSITTA.CIDJC. 

spot on the throat is yellow stained with red; carpal edge greenish 
yellow : " bill yellow " (Meyer), in dry skins dusky yellowish. 

Hal. Celebes. 

a, b. <$ ? ad. sk. 
c, d. Ad. sk. 
e, f, g. S ad. et 

ad. sk. 

h. 2 ad- sk. 
i, h, I. Ad. et 
imm. sk. 
m, n. Ad. sk. 

o. Imm. sk. 
p. 5 ad. sk. 
q. Juv. sk. 
r. Juv. sk. 
Celebes. 

Makassar (A. R. Wallace). 
Makassar. 

Tondano, N. Celebes. 

Menado. 

N. Celebes. 
Celebes. 
Celebes. 
Celebes. 
Celebes. 
Massena Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 


Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Massena Coll. 


17. Loriculus amabilis. (Plate XIY.) 
Loriculus 
amabilis, Wall Ibis, 1862, p. 349: id. P. Z. S. 1864, 
pp. 287, 294; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 131 (1864;; Fin*ch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 157 (1865) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-hit, ii. p. 152, 

n. 8180 (1870); Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. iv. p. 7 (1871); id. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 61 (1874); Gieb. Hies. Orn. ii. 
p. 497 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 755 (1875) ; 
Meyer, Rowl. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 233, n. 17 (1877); Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 29, n. 34 (1877); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. 
p. 169 (1880); id. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ser. 2, xl. p. 162 (1889). 
Coryllis amabilis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 696 (1868); Rchnw. Journ.f. 
Orn. 1881, p. 231 (Consp. Psitt.^. 119); id. Togelbild. Xachtr. 55 
(1883). 

Adult male (typej. Very much like the male of L. stigmatus^ but 
much smaller, of a darker green colour, and with the rump and 
upper tail-coverts of a much brighter red: '* bill black; feet light 
red" (Wallace). Total length 4*5 inches, wing 2-8, tail 1-35, bill 
0-38, tarsus 0-32. 

Adult female. Wants the red on the crown, but the bases of the 
feathers of the forehead are stained with red. 
Young. The spot on the throat and the metacarpal edge are 
yellowish. 
Hob. Halmahera and Batchian. 

a,b. <3 § ad. Gilolo, Halmahera. 
A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
(Types of species *.) 

c. Ad. sk. Gilolo. 
A. R. Wallace [C.]. 
* The female, the primaries of which are lost, was most likely a cage-bird, 
and I greatly doubt whether it really belongs to this species, as it has the under 
tail-coverts stained with red, approaching in that respect L. catamene; it cannot 
be referred to the last-named species, as it has the carpal edge red, a feature 
which is wanting in L. catamene. 
44 . LORICULUS. 
537 
18. Loriculus catamene. 
Loriculus arnabilis 
(part.), Wald. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 333 (Sanghir 
IsL); id. Tram. Zool Soc. viii. p. 26 (1872): Tweedd. Orn. Works, 

p. 131 (1881). 
? 
Loriculus catamene, Schley. Ned. Tijdsehr. Dierh. iv. p. 7 (1871); 
id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Bevue,\. 62 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 

ii. p. 497 (1875); Meyer, Bowl Orn, Misc. ii. p. 233, n. 11 (1877); 
Bowl fy Meyer, Howl Orn. Misc. ii. p. 236, pi. Ivii. (young $, $) 
(1877); Bosmb. Zool. Gart. 1878, p. 347; Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh, 
Ges. Iszs,1884, Abh. i. p. 6; id. Gefied. Welt,lQS7} p. 264; Bias. 
Ornis, iv. p. 560 (1888). 
Coryllis 
catamenia, Bchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 230 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 118); id. VogeMld. Nachtr. 52 (1883). 
Coryllis catamene, Platen, Gefied. Welt, 1887, p. 263. 

Adult male. Pine green, lighter and shading slightly into 
yellowish on the underparts; front part of the pilenm to the 
middle of the vertex, lower back, rump, and tipper tail-coverts 
bright red; a spot on the throat to the middle of the chin red; 
under tail-coverts orange-red, narrowly edged with green; both 
upper and under tail-covexts longer than the tail-feathers ; metacarpal 
edge yellowish green ; quills on the inner web underneath 
verditer-blue; tail-feathers dark green, bluish underneath, tipped 
with yellow and edged at the tip very narrowly with red: " bill 
black; cere dusky yellowish; feet orange-yellow " (Platen). Total 
length about 5*3 inches, wing 3*3, tail 1*7, bill 0-45, tarsus 0*4. 

Adult female. Head entirely green, with no red on the front part 
of the pileum; red colour on the under tail-coverts as in the male; 
upper and under tail-coverts, as in the male, longer than the tail-
feathers. 

Young. Like the female; the red spot on the throat smaller; 
the under tail-coverts yellowish green, more or less edged with 
reddish; bill yellowish *, 

Hal. Great Sanghir. 

19. Loriculus aurantiifrous. 
Loriculus aurantiifrons, 
Schley. Ned. Tijdsehr. Dierh. iv. p. 9 (1871) 
(type examined); id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 62 (1874); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 497 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. 

vii. p. 911 (1875); Gould, B. of New Guin. pt. v. pi. 11 (1877); 
Meyer, Bowl. Orn. Misc. ii. pp. 231, 234, n. 18 (1877); Sclat. 
P. Z. S.1877, p. 107; id. Bowl Orn. Misc. ii. p. 376, pi. 72. f. 1 
(P) (1877); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 29, n. 35 (1877); 
Bosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 593 (1878-79); Sahad. Orn. Pap. e Mol 
i. p. 171 (1880); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool xvi. p. 426 (1882); 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 516 (1883); id. Mem. B. Ac. 8c 
Tor. (2) xl. p. 162 (1889); Tristr. Cat. CoU. B. p. 76 (1889). 
* I am indebted to Prof. W. Blasius for lending me his specimens of this 
rare species. 
PSITTAOrD-25. 

Coryllis aurantiifrons, Meyer, Sitzb. Isis Dresd. 1875, p. 77; JRchnw. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 230 (Consp. Psitt. p. 118); id. Vogelbild. 
Nachtr. 53 (1883). 

Adult male. Green, paler beneath; forehead golden yellow, 
abruptly defined behind; romp and upper tail-coverts red, on the 
upper part of the rump the red is mixed with yellow; sides of the 
rump yellow; a red spot on the throat; quills on the inner web 
and tail-feathers beneath verditer-blue; tail-feathers tipped with 
yellowish green : bill black; feet dusky. Total length about 4 
inches, wing 2*52-2*7, tail 1*2, bill 0*34, tarsus 0-3. 

Adult female. Wants the golden yellow on the forehead, which, 
like the cheeks, is tinged with bluish green ; the bases of the bluish 
feathers of the forehead are reddish. 

Hab. Mysol and New Guinea. 

The two specimens from S.E. Few Guinea, mentioned below, 
one of which is marked female by the collector, Mr. H. 0. Forbes, are 
larger (wing 2-8-2*9 inches) than the others, and want the reddish 
base to the feathers of the forehead. 

a. cj ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. J ad. sk. 
Arfak Mi, New Guinea. 
Has, N/W. New Guinea. 
Milne Bay, S.E. New Guinea. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
C. Hunstein [0.1. 
d. ? ad, sk. Sogeri District, S.E. NewGuinea. 
H. 0. Forbes [C,_. 

20. LoricuLus tener. 
Loriculus tener, Sclat. P. Z. & 1877, p. 107, sp. 36; id. Powl Orn. 
Misc. ii. p. 376, pi. 72. fit. 2, 3 ($) (1877); Sdlvad. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol. i. p. 172 (1880); Finsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 537; Salvad. Mem. 

B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xl. p. 162 (1889); Tristr. Cat Coll JB. p. 76 
(1889). 
Coryllis tener, Bchnw. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 229 (Consp. Psitt 

p. 117); id. Vogelbild. Naehtr. 50 (1883). 
Adult female (type). Green, rump and upper tail-coverts yellowish 
green ; an orange-red spot on the throat: quills on the inner web 
and tail beneath verditer-blue; tips of the lateral tail-feathers 
yellowish green: bill black ; feet yellowish (?) dusky. Total length 
4 inches, wing 2*7, tail 1*28, bill 0*34, tarsus 0*32. 

Hab. Duke of York Island. 
Obs. A second specimen, in Canon Tristram's Collection, shows a 
distinct yellowish tinge on the forehead at the base of the feathers. 

a. 2 
ad. sk. Duke of York Island (Rev. G. Brown). Tweeddale Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
PLAIYCEECIN.2B. 

Subfamily VI. PLATYCEJ&CIN^E. 

Bill short and thick, deeper than long, the lower mandible 
generally hidden by the feathers of the cheeks; upper mandible 
swollen on the sides (except in the genus Porphifrocejphahis, which 
has a more compressed and longer bill); culmen rounded; gonys 
turned up straight and rounded; upper mandible sometimes notched,* 
hook of the upper mandible ridged on the under surface, producing 
a file-like appearance. Cere small, surrounding only the nostrils, and 
making between them a kind of saddle oyer the culmen. Tongue 
simple, except in Nanodes, which has a brush-tongue. Tail rather 
long, generally longer than the wing; tail-feathers gradually longer, 
but in the more typical forms the four middle feathers are of the 
same length. Wing acuminate, with some of the outermost primaries 
narrower towards the tips. Plumage much variegated. Purcula 
wanting, except in Nanodes. 

Mange, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, and the Society 
Islands. 

Key to the Genera, 

a. Tail not banded across from the base to the 
tip. 
a\ Tail-feathers rather broad, never acuminate 
at the ends, 
a". Back not uniform, but with the feathers 
black, broadly bordered, and 
having a scale-like appearance; bill [p. 540. 
distinctly notched 45. PLATYCEBCUS, 

b" Back uniform. 

a'". Bill longer than deep; upper mandible 
notched, with the hook much [LTJS, p. 55Q. 
lengthened 46. POBPHYBOCEPHA-

b'". 
Bill deeper than long; upper mandible 
not notched. 
aK A yellow collar round the hind 
neck 47. BABNAEDIUS, p. 558. 
Z>4. No yellow collar round the hind 
neck. 
a5. Bill uniform, with base of 
upper mandible not lighter. 


a 
. Two central tail-feathers 
longer than the following 
pair 48. PSEPHOTTJS, p. 561. 
b6 

. Four central tail-feathers 
about the same length 49. NEOPHEMA, p. 569. 

b5 

. Bill not uniform, but with 
base of the upper mandible 
shining pearl-grey. [p. 577. 

c6. Head not crested 50. CYANOBHAMPHTJS, 
&\ Head crested 51. NYMPHICTTS, p. 590. 
b'. Tail-feathers narrow and acuminate, 
c". Upper mandible notched (orbital 
ring complete I) 52. NANODES, p. 592. 
d". Upper mandible not notched 53. MKLOPSITTACUS, 

*r

 [p. 594. 
540 
PS1TTACIDJ2. 

b< Tail with cross bands from the base to the 
tip. 
c'. Tail long, longer than the -wing; nails 
long and straight 54 PEZOPOBTTS, p. 596. 
d\ Tail short, shorter than the wing; nails [p. 597. 
short and curved 55. GEOPSITTACUS, 

1. PLATYCEECUS. w 
Type. 
Platycercus, Yig. Zool Journ. i. p. 527 (1825) P. elegans. 
Range. Australia, Tasmania, and Norfolk Island. 
Key to the Swedes *. 
a. Cheeks blue. 
a'. Underparts red. 

a". Underparts crimson elegans1 p. 541. 
h". Underparts pale red, each feather slightly 
fringed with yellowish \ adelaidm^ p. 543. 

V. 
Underparts yellow ; a red band on the forehead. 
c". Underparts pale or straw-yellow; middle 
tail-feathers dull blue jlaveolus, p. 544. 
d". Underparts ionquil-yellow; middle tail-
feathers dark olive-green flamcentris, p. 345. 

b. Cheeks white and blue ; under tail-coverts red. 
c'. Head pale yellow; underparts blue. 
e". Edges of the feathers of the back bright 
yellow; cheeks white, bordered with blue 
below, sometimes entirely white pallidiceps, p, 547. 

f". Edges of the feathers of the back straw-
yellow ; cheeks almost entirely blue, only 
on the upper part white amathtsia, p. 548. 

d'. Head black; cheeks white, bordered with 
blue below broicai, p. 549. 
e'. Head red ergthropeplm, p. 550. 

c. Cheeks white; head red. 
f. 
Upper tail-coverts green. 
g". Edges of the feathers of the back yellowish 
green eximius, p. 551. 
h". Edges of the feathers of the back gamboge-
yellow spendidus, p. 558. 
g'. 
Upper tail-coverts red: edges of the feathers 
of the back red; underparts entirely red; 
bases of the quills white ignitus, p. 553. 

d. Cheeks yellow; head and underparts red. 
?i'. 
Smaller: total length 10*5 inches; rump 
and upper tail-coverts green; central tail-
feathers green icterotis, p. 554. 

* I do not know to which species the following reference is to be attributed, 
as it is not accompanied by any description :-
Platycercus paradiseus, Buss, Journ. /. Orn. 1871, p. 236. 

45. PLATYCERCUS. 
i'. Larger: total length 12*5 inches; rump and 
upper tail-coverts olive-grey; central tail-
feathers dull "blue xanthogenys *, p. 555. 

1. Platycercus elegans. 
Beautiful Lory. Lath. Syn. i. p. 217, n. 20, with var. A-, p. 218 
(1781). ' * 

Pennantian Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl. p. 61, with var. (1787); 
Phill. Bot. Bay, p. 154, p]. 20 (1789;; White, Joitrn. p. 174, 
pis. 13, 14 (1790) ; Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 83, with var. A (1802): 
id. Gen. Hist. ii. pp. 131,132, var. A, B (1822). 

Psittacus elegans, Gm. S. N. i. j>. 318, n. 59, with var. /3 (1788) 
(ex Latham); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 89, n. 23, with var. /3 (1790) ; 
Yieill. N. D. xxv. p. 338 (1817); KM, Consp. Psitt. p. 55 
(1820) ; Yieill Erie. Meth. iii. p. 1381 (1823). 

Psittacus pennantii, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 90, n. 26, with var. j3 
(1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 410, pi. 56 (1811); Bechst. 
Kurze Uebers. p. 70 (1811) • Yieill. N. D. xxv. p. 339 (1817); id. 
Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1381 (1823) ; id. Gal. des Ois. iii. pp. 1, 2, with 
pi. — (1823); Yoigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 730 (1831); Kahn, Orn. 
Atl, Papag. p. 39, t. 23 (mas) (1834); Dubois, Orn. Gal. pi. 52, 
var. A (d ) (1839); Downing, Proc. Boy. SJC. Tasm. iii. p. 208 
(1859) (Norfolk Isl.). 

* I am not acquainted with the following, which has been described by 
Mr. Ramsay without pointing out the species to which it is allied; it is 
described as having blue cheeks:— 
PLATYCERCUS MASTERSIANUS, Eamsay. 

Platycercus mastersianus, Bams. Pr. Linn, Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 27 (1877), 

p. 194, n. 483 (1878); Bchnw. Joimi. f. Orn. 1881, p. 118 {Consp. 
Psitt. p. 54); Eamsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 498 (1888); id. Gat. Austr. 
Birds, Patted, p. 63 (1891). 
Adult " Total length about 11 inches, wing 5*8, tail 6*3, tarsus 0*8, 
bill 0*7. The front, top of the head, nape, and ear-coverts crimson, mottled 
with yellow on the sides of the head, ear-coverts, and nape; feathers of the 
hind neck and back yellowish at the tips, blackish on concealed portions, 
these on the neck washed with red and tinged on the sides with bluish green ; 
rump and upper tail-coverts crimson, the outer series of the latter greenish; 
scapulars black, broadly margined with yellowish, mingled with red* and blue; 
shoulders deep blue, smaller coverts deep blue, centred with black, or black 
margined with blue, median coverts light blue; outer webs of primaries and 
secondaries blue, the inner webs and the tips of the primaries black; underside 
of the wing black, traversed about the middle of the quills with an indistinct 
broken white band (in a young specimen this white band is complete); under 
wing-coverts blue; cheeks blue, palest near the mandible; under tail-coverts 
crimson; chest bluish green, margined with yellow, many of the feathers 
centred with a large crimson spot; abdomen and flanks bluish green, the tips of 
the lower flank-feathers crimson; tail black below, the apical half of all, except 
the two centre feathers, blue and tipped with white, more largely on the inner 
than on the outer feathers; centre tail-feathers above greenish on the inner 
webs, blue on the outer; the rest blackish at the base, blue on the outer webs, 
the anterior third of each feather light blue and tipped with white, the spot 
increasing in size as the feather is more internal. Bill bluish at the base, 
whitish at the tip (probably faded); feet dark brown; iris, in a young living 

example, dark hazel." 
Hob. " Interior of New South Wales.'* 


542 
PSITTACIDJE. 

Psittacus gloriosus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. ii. pi. 53 (1791). 
Psittacus splendidus, Shaw, Lever. Mus. p. 27, pi. 29 (1792). 
Perruche a large queue, Zevaill. Hist. Nat. Perr. pis. 78 (ad.)? 79 


(young) (1805). 
Platycercus pennantii, Vig. Zool. Journ. i. pp. 527, 528 (1825); Tig. 
§ Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 280 (1826); Steph. Gen. Zool. 

xiv. 2. p. 120 (1826); Vig. Zool. Journ. lii. p. 244 (1827); Les*. 
Man. WOrn. ii. p. 146 (1828); id. Tr. a?Orn. p. 208 (1831) ; Less. 
Compl de Buff. ix. p. 220 (1837) ; op. cii. 2nd ed. p. 611 (1838); 
Fraser, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 113; Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, p. 173, 
pi. 25 (1836); JELartl. Syst. Yen. Gesell. Mus. p. 84 (1844); G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 1 (1846); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 23 
(pt. xxvi., 1847); Rcknb. Neuentd. Yog. N. Soil n. 450 <15-JO» ; 
Myth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 7 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 2 
(1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 171; jSouancfi, 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 211; Bp. Naunumnia, 1858, Consp. 
PsiU. n. 173 ; G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 3 (1859); Sclat 
P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 234, 367; G. P. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 227 (Norfolk 
IsL); Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. Berigt. p. xi (1863); ScMeg. 
Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 96 (1864); Gould, Handb. B. Amir. ii. 
p. 44 (1865); Nitzsch, Pterylogr. (Engl, ed.) p. 101 (18«7); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 180 (1868); Mull. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 279; 
Buss, Journ. f. Orn. 1870, p. 30; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 137, 
n. 7983 (1870); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 40 (1874): 
Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 219 (1877); 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 474 (1878); Rcknw. 
Vogelbild. t. vi. f. 1 (1878-83); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 1(1% 
170, 174, pi. xvi. ff. 3, 4 ; Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 310; 
Layard, Ibis, 1881, p. 173; Salv. Cat. B. Stricld. Coll. p. 4*11 
(1882); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 330 (lbb3); Ramsay, 
Tab. List, p. 16, n. 490 (1888); North, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 

(2) iii. p. 1777 (1888); Cox $ Sam. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) 
iv. p. 417 (1889); De Vis, Rep. Sc. Exp. N. Queeml. p. 33 
(1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 77 (1889); North, JDeser. Cat 
Nests $ Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 257 (1889) ; Ramsay; Cat Austr. 
Birds, Psittaci, p. 50 (1891). 
Platycercus elegans, Licht. Nomenel. Av. p. 72 (1854); Rcknw. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 123 {Consp. Psiit p. 59); id. Vogelbild* 
Bericht. t. vi. f. 1 (1883). 

Platycercus pennanti, var. nobbsi, 
Layard, MS. (Norfolk Island); 
Tristr. Ibis, 1885, p. 49; Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 37 (1888). 
Platycercus nobbsi, Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 77 (1889). 

Adult. Crimson-red; feathers of the back and scapulars black, 
broadly edged with crimson-red; cheeks violet-blue ; a broad black 
patch on the wing-coverts, bounded, near the bend of the wing and 
below, with violet-blue; secondaries deep blue on the outer web, 
and edged with violet-blue, the innermost secondaries edged with 
red ; primaries black, with the basal half of the outer web and their 
coverts deep blue; under wing-coverts blue; quills underneath 
black; four middle tail-feathers deep blue, the others deep blue at 
the base, pale blue at the apical half: " irides very dark brown ; bill 
horn-colour; feet blackish brown" (Gould). Total length 13*5 
inches, wing 6*7, tail 6*7, bill 0*7, tarsus 0-68. 

Young. Olive-green, cheeks and anterior wing-coverts blue; some 

45. PLATXCEKCUS. 
543 

red patches, especially on the crown, on the throat, and on the 

A coverts central

JTA > tail-coverts olive-purple. 
_T 
H™: ffstralia , from Rockingham Bay to Victoria, and also 
d? where most likely {t has bccn

m-. *r introducod. 

?rfolk Island

IT bird has been recently soparated as being 
smaller: besides two typical specimens of P. nohbsi from Norfolk 
Island (marked types on the labels) in Mr. Seebohm's Collection, 
1 have examined many more in the British Museum, and I 
cannot find any difference between them and the Australian specimens 
; one of them is even larger than any from Australia: the 
typical specimens of P. nobbsi have been preserved in alcohol, so 
that they have shrunk a good deal *. 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Major-Gen. Hardwicke 
[P.l. 
b. Juv. st. Australia. J.P.Atkins, Esq. [I\]. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Australia. Rev. A. Strong- [P.]. 
e. Inim. sk. Australia. Sir B. Cooper [P.l. 
/ . Ad. sk. Australia. Tweeddale Coll. 
ff. Ad. sk. Clarence Elver. Tweeddale Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Coll. 
%,k9l Ad.sk. New South Wales {J.T.Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Melbourne. Howard Saunders, 
Esq. [P,l 
o-r. S 5 ad. et Norfolk Island, June (F. M. Voyage of H.M.S. 
imm. sk. Rayner). ' Herald.' 
s, t. Ad. et inim. Norfolk Island. J. Brenchley, Esq. 
'sk. [P.]. 


2. Platycercus adelaidae. 
Platycercus adelaidae, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p, 101 j id. B. Au&ir, 
v. pi. 22 (pt. iv., 1841) j G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 2 (1840) 
Rchnb. Neuentd. Yog. N. Roll. p. 179 (1850) ; Bp. Rev. et Mag. 
de ZooL 1854, p. 153, n. 173; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psiit. 
n. 174; G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 3 (1859); Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1860, p. 371; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. JDierk. i. Berigt. 
p. xii (1863); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 97 (1864); G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list. ii. p. 137, n. 7984 (1870); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, 
Revue, p. 40 (1874); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p, 330 (1883); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 77 (1889). 
Platycercus adelaidise, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 12 (1854); Soua?ic$, 
Rev. et May. de Zool 1856, p. 211. 

* I am not acquainted with the following race :— 
Platycercus pennantii, yar. nigreacens, Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 34 (188S); 
id. Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 52 (1891). 

" This northern variety may be distinguished by its smaller size, thicker and 
more robust bill, and the deeper tint of crimson on its plumage; in some a few 
Tiolet feathers appear on the chest; those on the head, hind neck, and back are 
almost all black, which colour extends also on to the cheeks in one specimen. 

inches> bil1 from forehead °'8' tail 7' W"lg 6"3

T^iSg&12^11-6S^
ellenden-Ker Range, Queensland. 

54 4 PSITTACID-2B. 

Platycercus adelaidensis, Gould, JIandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 46 (1865); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 183 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 215 
(1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soe. JV. 8. W. ii. p. 193, n. 475 (1878); 
Rchmo. Vogelbild. t. vi. f. 4 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 122 (Consp. Psitt p. 58); Ramsay, Tab. List, p» 16, n. 491 
(1888); id. Cat Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 53 (1891). 
Adult. Yery much, like P. elegam; the markings are disposed 
exactly in the same way ; the only difference is in the red colour, 
which is much paler and mixed with yellowish; the feathers of the 
underparts have yery narrow yellowish edges, the black feathers 
of the back have broad yellowish-red or yellowish-buff edges; the 
reddish feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts are edged with 
yellowish ; tail as in P. elegans : " irides brown; bill horn-colour; 
feet greyish brown" (Gould). Total length 14 inches, wing 7, 
tail 7*2, bill 0-75. 

Young. Has the upper parts much more greenish; the black 
patch on the wing-coverts of the adult is replaced with olive-
green ; rump and upper tail-coverts olive-green, with patches of 
red; the underparts red, with olive-green patches, especially on the 
sides. 

Rah. Interior and South Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Gould Coll. 
h, c. $ ad. et S. Australia. Gould Coll. 
ad. sk. 
d, e. $ ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
f, g. Imm. sk. S. Australia (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Purchased. 
3. Platycercus flaveolus. 
Platycercus flaveolus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 20; id. Syn. B. Austrm 
pi.—.f.l (head) (183—?); Wiegm.Archivf. Saturg. 1830, p. 395; 
Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 26 (pt. iv., 1841); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 408, n. 3 (1846); Rchnb. Neuentd. Yog. N.Holl n. 178 (1850); 
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 8 (1849); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 172; 8oua?icS, Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1850, 
p. 211; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 175; G. R. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 4 (1859) ; Finsch, JSTed. Tijdschr. Dierk. 
i. Berigt. p. xii (1863); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci", p. 95 (1864) ; 
Gould, Kandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 50 (1865); 8cM. P.Z.S. 1807, 
p. 687 ; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 185 (1868); G. R. Gr. Sand-Ust, 
ii. p. 137, n. 7986 (1870); Schlep. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 
p. 39 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 217 (1877); Diggl Syn. R„ 
Austr. ii. p. 78, pi. 78. f. 2 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. 'Linn. Soc. 
N. 8. W. ii. p. 193, n. 477 (1878); Rchmo. Vogelbild. t. vi. f. 3 
(1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 121 (Consp. Psitt p. 57); 
Salvin, Cat B. StrickL Coll. p. 461 (1882); SclaL List Vert. An. 
p. 331 (1883) ; Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 493 (1888); Trietr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 77 (1889); Ramsay, Cat Austr. Birds, Psittaci, 
p. 56 (1891). 
Adult. Head, rump, upper tail-coverts, and all the under surface 
pale yellowish; forehead red, lores and throat stained with red; 

45. PLATYCEECUS. 
cheeks blue; feathers of the back and scapulars black, margined 

with pale yellowish; in some specimens between the black centre 

and the yellowish margin there is a bluish tinge; wings blue, with 

a black patch on the cubital wing-coverts; the inner wing-coverts 

and also the inner secondaries black, edged with pale yellowish and 

with a slight blue tinge; central tail-feathers blue, the next pair 

also blue on the outer webs and black on the inner, the remainder 

with the basal portion of their outer webs deep blue, passing into 

very pale blue towards their tips, the extreme tip being white ; 

"bill light horn-colour; feet dark brown " {Gould). Total length 

14 inches, wing 6*4, tail 7, bill 075, tarsus 0-75. 

Female. Similar to the male, but slightly smaller (Bamsay). 

Young. Much more greenish than the adult; frontal band red, 
but narrower; cheeks blue; upper parts olive, feathers of the back 
blackish in the centre ; rump and upper tail-coverts yellowish olive ; 
inner wing-coverts and inner secondaries also olive; a white band 
on the quills underneath; central tail-feathers olive. 

Bah. Australia, from Victoria to 3STew South Wales and the 
Interior. 

a, I. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Hon. E. India Oo. [P.]. 
c, d. <$ ad. sk. Paver Murray, Oct. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
g-k. Ad. et inim. Australia (J. T. Cock- Salvin-Godman Coll. 


sk. 
erell). 

I. Irani, sk. Australia. Purchased. 
m. Skeleton. 
4. Platycercusflaviventris *. 
La Perruche a large queue (lre Var.), Zevaill. Terr. pi. 80 (1805). 
Psittacus flavigaster, Temm. MS. (1819); id. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 

p. 116(1821). 
Psittacus flaviventris, Temm. MS. (1819); id. I c. pp. 117,118 (1821). 
Psittacus brownii, Kuhl (nee Temm.), Consp. Psitt p. 56 (1820); 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 731 (1831). 

Van Diem ens Parrot, Lath. Gen. Mist, ii, p. 130, with var. A, p. 131 

(young) (1822). 

? Sulphur-headed Parrot, Lath. op. cit. p. 133 (1822). 

Platycercus flavigaster, Vigors, Zool Journ. i. p. 528 (1825); Less. Tr. 

cPOrn. p. 208 (1831); id. Compl de Buff. ix. p. 220 (1837), 2nd 
ed. p. 611 (1838); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 98 (1864); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 40 (1874). 

* 
The following quotations probably also refer to the present species :— 
? New Caledonian Parrot, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 248, n. 49 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hist. p . 173 (1822). 
? Psittacus caledonious, Gm. 8. N.l p. 328, n. 82 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. 

i. p. 102, n. 57 (1790); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p, 78 (1811); Vieill. K D. 
xxv. p. 353 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. Hi. p. 1391 (1823). 
? Psittacus bisetis, foein., Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 452 (1811). 
? Platycercus caledonicus, G. B . Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 4 (1859); 
id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 164; id. Cat. B . Trop. 1st p. 29 (1859); Verr. 
Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1860, p. 387; Marie, Act Soc. Linn. Bord. xxvii. 

p. 327 (18*0); Ibis, 1877, p. 362; Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 253; Oust 
Bull. Soc. PMlom. Paris, 1879, p. 218. 
VOL. xx. 2 BT 

o46 
PSIXIACIIU*. 

Platycercus naviventris, Vig. # Mors/. Tram. Linn, Soe. xv. p. 281 
(1826); Vig. Zool Jour. iii. p. 244 (1827); Bom-jot, Perr. pi. 29 
(1837-38)• <2oz^, Mitch. Austr. Exped. i. p. xviii (1838); id. Syn. 

B. Austr. pi.—, f. 2 (183-?); id. B. Austr. v. pi. 24 (pt. xx., 1845]; 
Rchnb. Neuentd. Voq. N. Moll n. 452 (ISoQ); Bbjth, Cat. B. 
Mits. A. S. B. p. 8 (1849); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 153, 
n. 181; id. Naunumnia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 183 : G. M. Or. List 
Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 4 (1859); Finseh, Ned. Tijdsckr. Dierk. I 
Berigt. p. xii (1863) ; Gould, Mandb. B. Austr. ii, p. 48 (lSt>5) ; 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 204 (1868); G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 137, n. 7985 (1870) ; Feb. Bis, 1673, p. 110; Gullk. P. Z. & 
1875, p. 489; Gieb. TJies. Orn. iii. p. 216 (1877j; JDiggl Syn. 
Austr. B. ii. p. 77, pi. 77. f. 1 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. She. 
N. S. TV. ii. p. 193, n. 476 (1878); Rchno. TogelMM. t. vi. f. 2 
(1878-83) ; id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 122 (Consp. Psift. p. 5Sj; 
Salv. Cat. B. StricW. X'oll. p. 462 (1882) ; Sclaf. List Vert. An, 
8th ed. p. 332 (1883) ; Legge, Pr. Boy. Sue. Tasm. 1650, p. 233; 
Ramsay, Tab. Lid, p. 1G, n. 492 (1883) * Tristr. Cat. OIL B. p. 77 
(1889); North, JDescr. Cat. Nests §• Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 25^ (1*39 J. 
Platycercus xantkoga^ter, Stepfi. Gen. Zool. xiv. % p. 120 (1820j, 
Platycercus caledonicus, Waql. Man. Psitt. p. 532 (1632/; Marti. 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mas. p. 84 (1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. tL p. 405, 

B. 8 (1846); Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 212 ; Brtlie, 
Joum.f. Orn. 1850, p, 170. 
Adult. Head and under parts yellow • forehead and lores* crimson: 
region round the eye stained with red; cheeks deep blue; nape 
green-yellow, each feather with dark edges; feathers of the back 
and scapulars dark olive-black, edged with green; rump-feu the rj> 
and upper tail-coverts green, with a bluish tinge and edged with 
golden olive * wing-coverts like the feathers of the back, except th*k 
anterior ones which are light blue ; primary-coverts deep blue, ako 
the primaries towards the base of the outer webs deep blue ; secondaries 
deep green-black, edged with yellow and green on the outer 
web * central tail-feathers dark green, next pair green* tinged with 
blue towards the tip of the outer webs, the remainder of the tail-
feathers dark blue at the base, lighter towards the tip and tipped 
with white: bill light horn-colour; feet greyish brown. Total 
length 14*5 inches, wing 7 to 7*4, tail 7, bill 0*75. 

Young. Upper parts olive-green, nearly uniform ; forehead red, 
cheeks blue; underparts olive-yellow, yellower on the breast; wings 
as in the adult, but with less blue on the outer wing-coverts and 
more olive on the inner ones. 

Hab. Tasmania and Victoria. 

a> 
Ad. sk. Linnean Soc. [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 

b. Juv. sk. Australia. Hardwicke Bequest 
[P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Australia. J. Gould, Esq. "P.I. 
d,etf. Ad. et juv. Australia (J. T. Cock-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. erett). 

g. Ad. sk. Queensland. Tveeddaie CulL 
h, i, h. Ad. sk. Tasmania, July, Sept. J. B. Jukes, Ebq. HP."". 
l,m. $ ad. et J Tasmania. Antarctic ' Expedition 

juv. sk. 




45 . PLATTCERCTrS. 54? 
n, o,p. Ad. sk. & st. Tasmania. R. Gunn, Esq. [P. ! 
q~t: <$ ad. & cj 5imm. sk. 
Tasmania, 0. G. H. Lloyd, 
rpi 
W 
A 
w, J', d ad. et $ Mount Wellington, Oct. Gould Coll. 
imm. sk. 
w. Ad. sk Tasmania. Hume Coll. 
x. <$ ad. sk. Lachlan Vale, Tasmania, Hume Coll. 
y. $ imm. sk.
z} d. Skeletons. 
April. 
Ouse River, Tasmania,
April. 
Hume Coll. 

5. Platycercus pallidiceps. 
? Blue-clieeked Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl. p. 64, n. 142(1787); tft 
G ^ J9Tw*. ii. p. 252 (1822). 

? Psittacus adscitus, i^/?. irc<l Omi. p. 126, n. 127 (1790); Bechst 
Kurze Uebers. p. 101 (1811) ; Vieill. N. B. xxv. p. 375 (1817); 
Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 101 (1820); Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1406 
(1823); Wagl. Hon, Psitt. p. 746 (1832). 

Platycercus palliceps, 
Vig. in Lear, Parr. pi. 19 (1832); Selby, Nat. 
Libr., Parrots, p. 170, pi. 26 (1836); Bourj. Perr. pi. 31 (1837-38); 
Gould, Syn. B. Austr. pi.—, f. 3'(head) (183-?) ; id. B. Austr. y. 
pi. 26 (pt. v., 1841); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 5 (1846) ; 
Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 185 (1847) ; Rchnb. Neuentd. Vor/. 
K Roll. n. 177 (1850); Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, 

n. 175; SouancS, Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 211 (var.); Bp. 
Naumamiia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 176; Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, 
p. 221; Zuchold, Journ. f. Orn. 1858, p. 234; G. B. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 4 (185*9); id. Cat B. New Guin.y. 59 (1859); 
Finsch, Ned. Tijdsehr. Bierh. i. Eerigt. p. xii (1863); Schley. 
Dierent p. 74 (1864); id. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 95 (1864) ; 
Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 51 (1865); Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, 
p. 86; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 195 (1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 137, n. 7988 (1870); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, 
p. 39 (1874); Bigc/l Syn. B. Austr. ii. p. 78, pi. 78. f. 1 (1877); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 219 (1877); Rchnw. Vor/elbild. t vi. f. 0 
(1878-83); id. Journ./. Orn. 1879, p. 212; Broddb. Pr. Roy. Soc. 
Queensl ii. p. 124 (1885). 
Conurus palliceps, Guir. Icon. Rhgn. An., Ois. p. 23, pi. 36 bis, f. 1 
(1829-44). 
Platycercus coelestis, Less. Fcho du Monde Sav. 1844, p. Ill; G. R. 

Gr. Gen. B. App. p. xix (1849). 
Platycercus pallidas (errore ?), Sclat. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 185. 
Platycercus pallidiceps, Sclat P. Z. S. 1872, p. 883 ; Garrod, P. Z. & 

1873, pp. 466, 634, 1874, p. 587; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 999; 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 478 (1878) ; Schmidt, 

P. Z, S. 1880, p. 310; Rchnw. Journ./. Orn. 1881, p. 119 (Consp, 
Psitt p. 55); Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 331 (1883); 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 53 ; id. Tab. List, p. 16, 
n. 494 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 77 (1889) ; North, Bescr, 
Cat Nests $ Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 258 (1889); Ramsay, Cat. 
Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 58 (1891). 
Adult. Head pale yellow, cheeks white, bordered below with blue ; 
feathers of the nape, back, and scapulars black, broadly margined 
with gamboge-yellow; rump-feathers and upper tail-coverts very 

2N2 

548 
PSITTACIDJ]. 

pale greenish blue, with the bases black and fringed with black; 
under surface bluish, each feather fringed with black; under tail-
coverts scarlet; wings blue, a black patch on the cubital wingeovorts; 
the inner secondaries and their coverts broadly edged with 
bluish green; quills underneath black; central tail-feathers deep 
blue, with a slight green tinge towards the base ; the next pair blue 
on the outer web, black on the inner and tipped with light blue; 
the basal half of the remainder blackish brown on their inner 
webs, deep blue on the outer, and the terminal half delicate pale 
blue and tipped with white: "irides blackish brown; bill horncolour 
; feet dark mealy brown" {Gould). Total length 13 inches, 
wing 6-5 to 6*2, tail 6-4, bill 0-63, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Like the male in plumage. 
Hah. Eastern Australia, from Port Denison to Victoria, and also 
the Interior. 

There is a good deal of individual variation in this species: 
some specimens have the cheeks entirely white, with no blue border 
below; others have scattered red feathers, especially on the head, 
and the upper breast tinged with yellow. I suspect that all this 
arises from hybridization or atavism, if we admit that this species 
was derived from one having a red head. 

a, h. Ad. sk. (var.). N.E. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 

c. Ad.sk. (variety). Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
d. 
Ad. sk. Australia. J. E. W. Rishton, Esq. 
[P.Ie. 
Ad. sk. Australia. Mrs. Bell [P.]. 
f,g. Ad.sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
h, i, k. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
(variety). 

I. Ad.sk. (variety). Australia. Massena Coll. 
m. 
Ad. sk. Australia (J". T. CockSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
erel!). 
n, o. Ad. sk. (var.). Australia (J. T. CockSalvin-
Godinan Coll. 
erell). 

p. Ad. sk. Australia. Tweeddale Coll. 
q. 1mm. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
r. Skull 
6. Platycercus amathusia. 
Platycercus amathusia, Gould, MS. ; Bp. Compt. Rendus. xxx. p. 183 
(1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 176 ; id. Naumanma, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 177; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 107 
(1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 137, n. 7987 (1870) f Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. ii. p. 215 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. 

p. 194, n. 479 (1878); Mclmw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 119 (Consp. 
B&itt. p. 55); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 12 (1883); Ramsay, Tab. 
List, p. 16, n. 495 (1888). y? 
Platycercus cyanogenys, 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 166; id. B. Austr. 
Suppl pi. 63 (pt. ii., 1855); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 4 
(1859); id. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 59 (1859); Gould. Handb. B. 
Austr. ii. p. 52 (1865); Ramsay, P. Z. S.1875, p. 602. 

45 . PLA.TYOEKCIVH. 
540 

Platycercus pallidicops, var. amathuaiai, Ramsay, Cat. A itsfr. Hints, 
Psittaci, p. 59 (1801). 

Adult Very much like P. pallidkeps, but differs in tho cheeks 
being almost entirely blue, in the paler yellowish edges of iho 
feathers of the back, in tho more yellowish tinge of the bluish 
feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts, in the yellow lingo of 
the upper breast, in the greenish tinge of the blue colour of tho 
lower breast and abdomen, and in tho more greenish tinge of the 
base of the two central tail-featherb. Total length 12*5 inches, 
wing 6, tail 5-8, bill 7, tarsus 0-65. 

Hah. Northern Australia, from Port Darwin to Eockingham Iky. 
Specimens from Gilbert River, collected by J. E. Elsoy, are to a 
certain extent intermediate between P. pallidiceps and typical 

P. amatJiusia, having the blue cheeks like the latter, and the rump 
and upper tail-coverts pale bluish green, scarcely yellowish, like 
the former. 
a. Ad. sk. Cape York (J. MacgilUvray). Voy.ll M.S. 'Rattlesnake.' 
(Type of 
P. cyanogenys, Gould.) 
b, c. Ad. sk. N. Australia (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e. Ad. sk. N.W. Australia. J. R. Elsey, Esq. [P.] 
/ . (S ad. sk. Gilbert River, N.W. Australia, J. E. Elsey, Esq. [P.] 
Oct. 

7. Platycercus browni. 
Psittacus 
browni, Temm. (nee KuM) MS. (1819); id. Trans. Linn* 
Soc. xiii. p. 119 (1821) *; Donovan, Nat. deposit ii. pi. 64 (1824). 
Psittacus venustus, Brown (nee Temm.) apud Kuhl, Comp. Psitt. 

p. 52 (1820). 
Brown's Parrot, Lath. Gen. fflst. ii. p. 189 (1822). 
Platycercus browni, Vig. Zool. Journ. i. p. 528 (1825); Fig. $ 
Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 282 (1826); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. 
2, p. 120 (1826); Vig. Zool Journ. iii. p, 245 (1827); Bourj. Perr. 
pi. 33 {ex Lear) (1837-38); Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 223 (1837) 
id. op. ait. 2nd ed. p. 612 (1838); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi 31 (pt. xvi., 
1844); McMh. Neuentd. Vog. JST. Hott. n. 183 (1850); Bp. Rei\ et 
Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 153. n. 180; id. Naumannia, 1856, Comp. 
Psitt. n. 182 ; G. R. Gr. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 59 (1859) ; Gould, 

P. Z. S. 1863, p. 232 j Finseh, Papaq. ii. p. 198 (1868) ; G. R. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 137, n. 7989 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
iii. p. 216 (1877); Ramsay, Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 194, 
n. 480 (1878); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxiii. f. 5 (1878-83); id. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 118 (Consp. Psitt p. 54); Ramsay, Tab. 
List, p. 16, n. 496 (1888); id. Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 00 
(1891). 
Platycercus venustus, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 529 (1832); Lear, Parr. 
pi 20 (1832) ; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 13 (1846); id. List 

* I have shown elsewhere that the first part of this volume was published in 
1821, as appears from those copies in which the titlepages of the first and 
second parts have been preserved. 
PSITIACIDiB. 

(1877). 

Adult. Crown of the head, lores, and ear-coverts deep black; 
cheeks white, bounded below with blue; feathers of the back and 
scapulars black, with a broad margin of pale yellow : feathers of 
the rump, upper tail-coverts, and also the feathers of the breast 
and abdomen pale yellow, fringed with black and with the concealed 
bases blackish; under tail-coverts scarlet: a black patch on the 
wing-coverts; anterior wing-coverts from the bend of the wings 
downwards, outer webs of the secondaries, and base of the primaries 
rich bine; the last inner secondaries edged with pale yellow ; inner 
webs of the quills black; under wing-coverts blue; central tail-
feathers blue, slightly tinged with green at the base ; the remaining 
tail-feathers deep blue at the base of the outer webs, brown at the 
base of the inner webs, and then pale blue, tipped with white, the 
shafts black: " hides blackish brown; bill light horn-colour, passing 
into blue at the base; legs and feet blackish brown" (GW/7). 
Total length 11 inches, wing 6, tail 0, bill IW5-3, tarsus n-0^. 

Young. " Similar in colour to the adult bird, but all trie markings 
dull and indistinct ; as the individual approaches to maturity the 
breast becomes ornamented with a number of credent-shaped 
markings of black and pale yellow, and as the bird advances in age 
the yellow increases in extent and the black nearly disappears " 
(Gould). 

Hal. Northern Australia, from Port Darwin to Fort Essington. 

The type specimen shows numerous small red dots on the nape, 
a feature which is wanting in all the other specimens I have seen. 
Mr. Gould figures a specimen with a dark crimson head. 

a. Ad. sk. Lionean Sue. ~P.~. 
b,c. Ad. etimm. Port Essington.
(Type of species.) 
Capt. W. Chambers 
st. J?Z* 
d, e. Ad. sk. N. Australia (J. T. Cockerel!). Salvhi-Crodrnan Coll. 
f, g, k. Ad. sk.
*. Ad. sk. 
N.W. Australia. 
[Point Pearce.] 
' J. R. Elsey, Esq. ~Pf. 
Purchased, 

8. Platyeerens er^hropepltts. 
Platycercus erythropeplus, Salvad. P. Zt &, 1891, p. 1307 pL xii. 
Adidt male. Head, neck, and lower parts red; cheeks bine, whitish 
near the lower mandible; feathers of the upper parts of the back 
black, with dark red edges, as in P. ehfjans ; scapulars Mark, edged 
with pale yellow and tipped with red; lower back and rump greenish 
yellow, each feather edged with red; the red feathers of the breast 
and abdomen have yellow bases; the middle of the abdomen and 
flanks yellow, with ftthe edges of the feathers red; wings as in 

P. ewirnius; a black patch on the upper wing-coverts ; edge of the 
45 . PLATYCERCUS. 
551 

wing and outermost upper wing-coverts blue; the innermost median 
and greater upper wing-coverts black, with a green longitudinal band 
inside the yellowish edges ; primaries and anterior secondaries black, 
edged with blue near the base ; inner secondaries black, edged with 
yellow and green ; two central tail-feathers green, passing into 
bluish at the tip; the remainder of the tail-feathers dark blue at 
the base, passing into light blue and tipped with white : bill white 
horn-colour : feet and naked skin round the eyes dusky flesh-colour; 
iris black. _ Size of P. elegans. (Gardens of the Zool. Soe. of London.) 

Female. Similar to the male, only smaller and more yellow on 
the sides of the breast and on the flanks. {Gardens of the Zool. /S'oc\ 
of London.) 

Hob. Australia. 

This species is intermediate between P. elegans and P. eximius* 
The red colour of the head and breast is, like that of P. eximius, 
a little brighter than in P. elegans. The feathers of the upper back 
have broad red edges like P. elegans, while the scapulars are edged 
with pale yellow as in P. eximius, but tipped with red. The 
predominant red colour of the underparts connects the new species 
with P. elegans, but the yellow bases of the red feathers of the 
breast and abdomen show a certain affinity to P. eximius; the 
yellow colour on the middle of the abdomen and on the flanks, and 
the two central tail-feathers being green, passing into bluish at the 
tip, also betray affinity with P. eximius. The red edges of the 
yellowish feathers of the lower back and rump is a peculiar feature 
of this bird. The cheeks blue in the lower part and white near 
the lower mandible show more than anything else how truly intermediate 
this bird is between the blue-cheeked P. elegans and the 
white-cheeked P. eximius. 

9. Platycercus eximius. 
Psittacus eximius, 
Shaw, Nat Misc. pi. 93 (1792); id. New Holl 
Zool pi. i. (1794) ; Lath. hid. Orn. Suppl p. xxi (1801); Shaw, 
Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 411, pis. 57, 58 (1811); Vieill N. JD. xxv. 

p. 354 (1817); KM, Consp. Psitt. p. 54 (1820); Vieill JEnc. MM. 
hi. p. 1391 (1823); id. Gal. des Ois. iii. pi. — (1823) ; Voigt, Cfuv. 
Uebers. p. 730 (1831); Thienem. Fortpfl. d. ges. Vdg. p. 72 (1841 >). 
Pemiche omnicolore, Levaill Hist Nat. Ferr. pis. 28, 29 (1801). 
Nonpareil Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 85 (1802); id. Gen. Hist 

h. p. 138 (1822). 
Psittacus capitatus, Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 4G6 (1811); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt p. 100 (1820). 
Psittacus omnicolor, Beehst Lath. Uebers. p. 68, pi. 2 (1811). 
Psittacus pennanti, foem., Wolf Abbild. merfoo, naturh. Gegm. H. 4. 

t 17; JECahn, Orn. Atl, Papag. t. 24 (1834); Dubois, Orn. Gal. 
pi. 52 B (1839). 

Platycercus eximius, Vig. Zool. Joiim. i. p. 528 (1825); Vig. § Horsf 
Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 281 (1826); StepK Gen. Zool™. 2. 

(1832); 

552 PSITTA-CHLE. 

Sgst Vers, Ges. Mus. p. 84 (1844); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 27 
(pt. xarii., 1846); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 7 (1846); Bcknb. 
Neuentd. Vb'g. N. Soil, n. 447 (1850); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. 

p. 7 (1849) ; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, p. 153, n. 17b; 
Soimnce, Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1856, p. 212; Bp. Naumamim, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 179; Horsf. $ Moore. Cat B. Mm. E. L 
Comp. ii. p. 624 (1858); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit 31m. p. o 
(1859); Homeijer, Jaurn. f. Orn. 1859, p. 360: *Sfcfcf. P. ^-& 
1862, p. 22; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. i. Beiigt. p.xii (ISUSj; 
1873, pp. 466, 634, 1874, p. 587; SeMeg, Mm. B-B. Paittaei, 

Bevue, p. 39 (1874); Gtdliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489; <?«*. The*. 

Orn. iii. p. 217 (partim) (1877); Rajnsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 

ii. p. 194, n. 481 (1878); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 169; Schmidt, 
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 310; Rehnw. Vogelbild. t. vi. I 7 (187a-b;jf; 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 120 {Consp. Psitt. p. 56]; Salvim, Cat* 
B. Strickl. Coll. p. 461 (1822); SclaL List Vert. An. *th «<L 
p. 331 (1883) ; Legge, Pr. Bog. Soc. Tasm. 1886, p. 238; Bamxay, 
Tab. List, p. 16, n. 497 (1888); North, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. & W. C'j 
iii. p. 1777 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 77 (1889); North, lJe»er. 
Cat Nests $ Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 258 (1889): Bamsayf Cat 
Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 61 (part.) (1891). 
Platycercus omnicolor, Less. Compl de Buff. ix. p. 220 (1837); op, eit. 
2nd ed. p. 611 (1838). 

Adult. Head, sides of neck, breast, and under tail-coverts scarlet; 
cheeks white; nape yellow ; feathers of the back black, edged all 
round with greenish yellow; rump, upper tail-coverts, and lower 
parts of the belly yellowish green; lower breast yellow, with a 
scarlet band along the middle ; a patch on the wing-coverts black ; 
anterior wing-coverts, from the bend of the wing downwards, and 
under wing-coverts violet-blue; the inner median and greater upper 
wing-coverts dark green or blackish, edged with greenish yellow; 
primaries brown ; the base of the outer webs of the primaries, their 
coverts, and the anterior secondaries deep blue; the inner secondaries 
greenish black, edged on the outer web with yellow-green ; two 
central tail-feathers green, passing into bluish at the tip ; the 
remainder of the tail-feathers green at the base, then dark blue 
passing into light blue, and tipped with white: " bill horn-colour; 
feet brown; irides brown5' (Gould). Total length 13-5 inches, 
wing 6-D to 6*1, tail 6-5, bill 0-7. 

Young. Less brightly coloured, with the yellow colour more 
greenish, and with the nape greenish instead of yellow. 
Hah S.E. Australia, from "Wide Bay district to Victoria, and 

also Tasmania. 
a. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
b, c. Ad. sk.
d, e. Imm. sk. 
Australia (J. T. Cockerett). 
Australia. 
Salvin-Oodman Coll. 
Sir D, Cooper "P.1 . 
/ . Ad. sk. Australia. J. E. W. Riihtbn, 
Esq. [P.J. 

45 . PlATYCJSKCtTS. 
553 

9, &• Imm. sk. Australia. Hume Coll. z- Juv. sk. Eastern Greek, Dec. Hume Coll. 
h-n. Ad. sk. Tasmania. C.G. II. Lloyd, Esq. 

[P.]. 
°, P-<5 ad. sk. Van Diemen's Land. Antarctic Exp. [0.]. 
ft?*• $ ad. et <? Ouse River, Tasmania, April. Hume Coll. 

inirn. 9k, 

s. Ad. sk. 
£. Ad. sk. (var.). 
w> v. Ad. sk. S. Australia. J. Fischer, Esq. [P.]. 
(albinos). 

w. Skeleton. 
v. 
$ ad. sk. Hybrid P. eximius $ X Pseplw-Zool. Soc. Gardens. 
tus hcematonotus $. 
10. Platycercus splendidus. 
Platycercus 
splendidus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1845, p. 105 (nee Psittacus 
splendidus, Shaw) ; id. B. Austr. v. pi. 28 (pt. xxvii., 1847) ; G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 19 (1849); Rchnb. Neuentd. Voq. N. Soil 

n. 441 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153* n. 177; id. 
JVaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 178; Zuchold, Journ. f. Orn. 
1858, p. 39 ; G. R. Gr. List Psiit. Brit. Mm. p. 5 (1859) ; Goidd, 
JSandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 56 (1865); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 137, 
n. 7993 (1870) ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. JST. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 482 
(var.) (1878); Rchmo. Vogelbild. in the text of pi. vi. f. 7 (187883) 
5 id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 121 {Consp. Psitt. p. 57) (subsp.); 
Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 497 A (var.) (1888). 
Platycercus eximius, var., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 191 (1868); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 217 (partim) (1872). 
Platycercus eximius, part.; Ramsay, Cat Austr. Birds, Psittaci, 

p. 61 (1891). 
Adult Yery mucb like P. eximius, but has no yellow spot on the 
nape, the edges of the black feathers of the back are gamboge-
yellow, with no greenish tinge; the rump, the tipper tail-coverts, 
and the lower abdomen pale verdigris : " irides dark brown; bill 
horn-colour; feet mealy brown " (Gould). Total length 12*5 inches, 
wing 6-1, tail 6'2, bill 0'7, tarsus 0-7. 

Hab. Eastern Australia, from Wide Bay district to New South 
Wales and the Interior. 

a. Ad. sk. Clarence River. Tweeddale Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Queensland {J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
c. Ad., var. Queensland (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. Australia. 
Purchased. 
11. Platycercus ignitus. 
Platycercus 
ignitus, Leadb. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 8; Wiegm. Arch. f. 
JSfaturg. 1839, p. 395 ; Gould, Syn. B. Austr. pi. —. f. 1 (head) 
(183-?); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 4 (1846) ; Hartl. Erst. 
JSfacHr. Vers. p. 15 (1846); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 30 (pt. xxix., 
1847); Rchnb. Neuentd. Tog. N. Moll. n. 449 (1850) $ Bp.Rev. et 

554 
PrflTTACIDJB. 

Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 158, n. 174; id. Nawjiamiia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt n. 180; G. R. Gr. Lid Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 5 (1859) ; 
Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 189 (1868); Q. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. 

p. 137, n. 7991 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ill. p. 218 (1877); 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Sot. N. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 484 (X. S. Wales. 
Interior) (1878); Rchw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 121 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 57); Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 16, n. 499 (1888). 
Platycercus eximius, part., Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 55 (abnormal 
colouring1) (1865) ; Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds. P^ittaci. 

p. 61 (1891). 
Adult. Head, bides of the neck, and underparts red ; cheeks white 
with a bluish tinge; feathers of the back and scapular*, black, 
margined with red ; between the black and the red, and also on the 
edge of the red, there is a narrow green-yellow line; rump and 
upper tail-coverts red; on the sides of the breast a few black spots. 
surrounded with yellowish; a great blackish patch on the upper wing-
coverts ; wing-coverts near the bend of the wing and under wing-
coverts pale violet-blue; anterior greater upper wing-coverts also pale 
violet-blue, the inner ones blackish, edged with greenish; primary-
coverts deep blue, with the base white; quills brown, with broad 
white base both to the outer and inner webs; primaries with some 
blue on the outer web, secondaries on the outer web tinged with 
greenish; the greater under wing-coverts black, with the "bases 
white; central tail-feathers reddish ; the other tail-feathers white 
at the base, then deep blue passing into light violet-blue, and tippe 1 
more or less with white: bill horn-colour; feet brown. Total 
length 11*2 inches, wing 5*4, tail 5-6, bill 0-65, tarsus (Wio. 

Immature (type). A little larger, the red colour paler; the black 
feathers of the back edged with greenish yellow, stained with red. 
Total length 12-5 inches, wing 5-9, tail 6, bill 0-65, tarsus 0-6S. 
Hah. Australia, from New South Wales to the Interior (Ramsay). 

a. Imin. sk. Australia. Eyton Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. * Argent ColL 

12. Platycercus icterotis. 
Psittacus icterotis, Temm. MS. (1819); KuM, Consp. Psitt. p. 54 

(1820); Temm. Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 120 (1821). 
Yellow-cheeked Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 183 (1822). 
Platycercus stanleyi, Vig. Zool Journ. v. p. 273 (1830); Jard. & 

Selby, III. Orn. ii. pi. 108 (jun.) (1830 ?): Lear. Parr. pis. 23, 24 
(1832). 

Platycercus 
icterotis, Less. Ti\ d'Oni. p. 209 (1831); WagL Mon 
Psitt. p. 530 (1832); Less. CompL deBuff.ix. p. 221 (1837); id. op. 
cit. 2nd ed. p. 611 (1838) ; Bourj. Perr. pi. 30 (juv.) (1837-38J; 
Gould, Syn. B. Austral —. f. 3 (head) (183-?); id. B. Austr. v. 
pi. 29 (pt. xviii., 1845); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 6 (184i5) : 
Rchnb. Neuentd. Vog. N. IIolL n. 446 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Maa. 
de Zool 1854, p. 153, n, 179; Souanct, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 185*6, 

p. 212; Bp. Naummmia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 181: G. R. Gr. 
List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 6 (1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-R Psittaci, 
45 . PLATYCERCTJS. 
p. 97(1864); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 58 (18651; Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 186 (1868); G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 137, 
n. 7992 (1870); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 40 (1874) ; 
Gieh. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 217 (1877); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 307, 
310, 312; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 495 
(1878); RcJimv. Vogelbikl t. vi. f. 6 (1878-83); id. Joum.f. Orn. 
1881, p. 120 (Consp. Psitt. p. 56); Salvin, Cat. B. Strickl. Coll 
p. 461 (1882); Selat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 331 (1883) ; 
Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 17, n. 500 (1884) ; Tristr. Cat Coll. B. 
p. 77 (1889); North, Descr. Cat. Nests $ Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 250 
(1889); Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 65 (1891). 
Platycercus 
icterodes, B our jot, fide Goidd, Sandb. B. Austr. ii. 
p.*58. 

Adult male. Head, sides of the neck, and all the under surface 
scarlet: cheeks yellow ; feathers of the "back black, bordered with 
green, more or less stained with red; rump and upper tail-coverts 
green ; a black patch on the upper wing-coverts, the anterior wing-
coverts from the bend of the wing down to the primary-coverts, and 
also the base of the outer web of the primaries, blue; inner greater 
wing-coverts and secondaries edged with green on tho outer webs; 
under wing-coverts blue ; sides of the body more or less tinged with 
yellowish ; thighs dull green; central tail-feathers green, the next 
pair of tail-feathers also green, but tinged with blue towards the tip 
of the outer webs, and tipped with white, the remaining feathers 
light blue, tipped with white, and with the basal portion green: 
kW irides blackish brown ; bill light horn-colour ; feet and legs dull 
ashy brown " (Gould), Total length 10*5 inches, wing 5*3, tail 5, 
bill 0*61, tarsus 0*6. 

Female. Similar to the male, only slightly duller in colour 
(JRamsay). 

Young. " The young birds of both sexes are nearly of a uniform 
green, becoming parti-coloured as they advance in age; the scarlet 
of the crown and abdomen and the yellow of the cheeks gradually 
taking the place of the green colouring of youth " (Gould). 

Bab. South-western Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. Australia? Linnean Society [P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
c. Imm. sk, Australia. J. E. W. Bishton [P.]. 
d. Imm. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. "W. Australia. Purchased. 
13. Platycercus xanthogenys. (Plate XYI.) 
Platycercus xanthogenys, Salvacl. P. Z. S. 1891, p. 129. 
Adult (type). Head, sides of tho neck, and all the under surface 
scarlet; the feathers of the breast and abdomen with narrow yellow 
pale edges ; cheeks yellow; feathers of the nape and back black, 
bordered with red; feathers of the rump and upper tail-coverts also 
black, broadly margined with olive-grey, the longest upper tail


556 
PSITTACXDJE. 

coverts stained with red at the tip; a black patch on the upper 
wing-coverts; the anterior ones from the bend of the wing down 
to the primary-coverts, and also the base of the outer webs of the 
primaries, blue; inner greater wing-coverts and inner secondaries 
with grey edges stained with yellowish or reddish; under wing-
coverts bine; quills underneath black; sides of the body tinged 
with yellowish; thighs grey; central tail-feathers dull blue; the 
next pair of tail-feathers blue, brighter on the outer webs, and 
tipped with white; the remaining tail-feathers light blue, tipped 
with white and with the basal portion deep blue: bill horn-colour; 
feet brown. Total length 12*5 inches, wing 5*45, tail 6, bill 0*56, 

tarsus 0*63. 
Hah. Unknown, but most probably Australia. 
This species differs from P. icterotis, to which it is nearly allied, 

in being larger, and in having the cheeks of a paler yellow, the 
feathers of the back edged with red, the rump-feathers and upper 
tail-coverts edged with greyish olive, and the central tail-feathers 
blue with no green; there are also other minor diSerences, 

a. Ad. sk. Australia? Gould Collection. 
(Type of species.) 
46. P0EPHYK0CEPEA1US. 
Type. 
Purpureicephalus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153. P. spurius. 
Porphyreicephalus, Rchnw. Vogelbild., Syst. Terz. p. 1 

(1883). 
Porphyrocephalus, Ueine^ NomencL Mm. Hem. Orn. 


p. 241 (1890). 
Range.'Western Australia. 
1. Porphyrocephalus spurius. 
Psittacus spurius, Euhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 52 (young) <1520); WaqL 
Mon. Psitt. p. 740 (1832); Pucker. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, 

p. 158. 
Platycercus 
pileatus, Tig. Zool. Jour. v. p. 274 (1830); TT(t(/L 
Man. Psitt. p. 528 (1832); Lear. Parr. pis. 21, 22 (1832); Jard. 
$ Selby, III of Orn. ii. pi. 102 (— ?) j Marti fyst. Verz. Gtbeih 
Mm. p. 84 (1844); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 32 (pt. xix, 1845): 

G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 12 (1846); Rchib, Neuentd. Vog. 
N. Boll. n. 451 (1850); Zuclmld, Jour. f. Orn. 1858, p. 39; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 212; G. R. Gi\ List Psitt. Brit. Mw*. p. 8 
(1859) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 94 (1864); op. cit Rente, 
p. 39 (1874) j Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 331 (1883). 
Psittacus (Platycercus) purpureocephalus, QuoyetGaim. Tog. Astral. 
Zool. i. p. 235, pi. 22 (1830). 
Platycercus xufifrons, Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 208 (young) (1831) ; G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 21 (1846); Pucher. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 
1853, p. 157 ; Hartl Journ.fi Orn. 1855, p. 422. 

Pezoporus ruflfrons, Bourjot, Perr. pi. 9 (young) (1837-38). 
Oonurus purpureocephalus, Bourjot, Perr. pi. 89 (ad.) (1837-38). 

46 . POEPHIBOOEPHALUS. 
557 

Platycercus purpureocepbalus, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 221 (1837), 
2nd ed. p. 611 (1838); G. R. Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 20 (1846). 
Purpureicephalus plleatus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, 

n. 167 j Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 211; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Rsitt. n. 169; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. JDierk. 
i. Berigt. p. xi (1853); Gould, Jffandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 60 (1805) ; 
North, Descr. Cat Nests § Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 259 (1889). 
Platycercus spurius, Finsch, Papaa. ii. p. 201 (1868); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 220 (1887); Ramsaij, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. 


p. 194, n. 486 (1878); Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xvi. f. 6 (1878-83); 
id. Jbum, f. Orn. 1881, p. 125 [Consp. Psitt. p. 61); Ramsay, 
Tab. List, p. 17, n. 501 (1888); id. Cat Austr. Birds, Psittaci, 
p. 67 (1891). 
Purpureicephalus spurius, G. R. Gr. JELandAist, ii. p. 138, n. 8004 
(1870). 
Porphyrocephalus spurius, 
JHJein. u. Rchnw. Nomencl. Mus. JBJein. 
Orn. p. 241 (1890). 

Adult male. Pileum deep maroon-red; lores dusky red; cheeks 
yellowish, green, becoming more yellow on the sides of the 
neck; hack and scapulars green; rump and upper tail-coverts 
greenish yellow, the longest upper tail-coverts green; breast and 
abdomen violet-blue; feathers of the vent greenish yellow, broadly 
tipped with red; thighs red, with the bases of the feathers whitish; 
under tail-coverts red ; wing-coverts green ; carpal edge, primary-
coverts, primaries on the base of the outer webs, and under wing-
coverts deep blue ; central tail-feathers green, passing into deep blue 
towards their tips; lateral tail-feathers green at the base, crossed 
by a black band, and then passing into blue, which becomes paler 
and light towards the tips• the tips of the third and fourth pairs 
white: " irides dark brown ; bill horn-colour; feet dull brown" 
{Gould). Total length 15 inches, wing 6-2 to 64, tail 7*5, bill 0-98 
to 1, tarsus 0*76. 

Female. Like the male, but duller and smaller {Gould). 

Young. Upper parts green; a frontal band and some feathers of 
the crown dull red; rump as in the adult bird; breast and abdomen 
dull reddish grey, each feather edged with bluish; under tail-
coverts red, more or less green; tail as in the adult bird, only 
duller, more greenish and less blue. 

Eab. "Western Australia, from King George's Sound to Port 
Essington. 

a. Ad.sk. Australia. 
J.E.W.Rishton,Esq. 
PP.]. 

b. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. N.W. Australia {J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. W. Australia. Zoological Soc. Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. Swan River, W. Australia. Purchased. . 
g, h. Ad. et Swan River, W. Australia. Gould Coll. 
juv. st. 

i. Ad. sk. 
Gould Coll. 
k. Juv. sk. 
Purchased. 
558 
PSITTACID^:. 

47. BARNABDITJS. 
Type. 
Barnardius, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153 B. barnardi. 

Mange. Extends from South. Australia through the Interior to 
Western Australia. 

Key to the Species. 

A yellow collar on the nape. 

a. 
Head verditer-green, with a broad brown-
green crescent from the occiput to the 
eyes ; forehead red barnardi, p. 558. 
h Head brown-black. 
a'. Frontal band red; abdomen green; larger, 
wing 8 inches szmltorquafus, p. 55 \ 

b'. 
No frontal red band, or very seldom a 
slight indication of it; abdomen pale 
yellow-green; smaller, wing 6-9 ... . zonarius, p. 560. 

1. Barnardius barnardi. 
Barnard'b Parrot, Lath. Gen. Mist, ii. p. 121, n. 23 (1*>2). 
Psitt acus barnardi, Lath. MSS. 
Platycercus barnardi, Vig. $ Morsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 2^3 


(1826); Vic/. Zool Journ. iii. p. 245 (1827): Waal. Mon. IMtt. 

p. 528 (1832); Lear, Parr. pi. lb (1832) ; Bourj. Par. pi. 32 
(1837-38); Gould, Syn. B. Au*tr. pi. —. f. 1 iPO-:-): Id. IJ. 
Austr. T. pi. 21 (pt. xi., Ib43j: G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii, p. 4(b, n. 1& 
(1846); Mitch. P. Z. S. 1849, p. 64; Blyth, Cat. B. Mu>. A. S. B. 
p. 8 (1849) ; Rchnb. Neuentd. Tog. N. Moll. n. 1^2 flb50j : G. R. 
Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 8 (1859) ; Somrt/er, Journ. f Orn. 
1859, p. 360; Schley. Mas. P.-B. Psittaei. p/9 4 (1-04);" Gould. 
Mandb. B. Auttr. ii. p. 40 (1865) ; Fir^ch, Papay. ii. p. 207 | 1^>; : 
Schley. Mus. P.-B. P>ittaci, Revue, p. 39 (i-74): Gieb. The*. Orn. 
iii. p. 216 (1877) ; iJiggl. Syn. AuMr. B. ii. p. 77, pi. 77. f. 2 
(1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. line. N. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 47111-7^> : 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. x\i. f. 2 (lc?7fe-&3); id. Journ. f. Orn. lvl, 
p. 123 (Consp. Ptitt. p. 59); Salvin, Cat. B. Shield. Coll. p. 4f>2 
(1882); Selat. List Vert. An. 8th eel. p. 332 (1&53); Broadb. 
Pr. Boy. Soc. Queensl. iii. p. 30 (1880) ; North, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 
S. TV. (2) ii. p. 985 (1887); Paunsay, Tab. List, p. 16. n. 4-7 
(1888); North, Bescr. Cat. Nests 4' Bggs Anstr. Birds, p. 250 
(1889) ; Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 45 (1891). 
Platycercus bernardi, Mitch. Austr. JExped. L p. xviii (1^38). 

Barnardius typiens, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, n. 168 ; 
Souance, Rev. et Slag, de Zool. 1856, p. 211; Bp. Naumanaia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 170. 

Platycercus semitorquatus (part.), G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. 3Ius, 

p. 8, specim. c (1859). 
Barnardius 
barnaidi, Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. i. B^risrt p. xi 
(1863) ; G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p."l38, n. 8001 (1870). ~ 

Adult male. Porehead red; crown, cheeks, chest, abdomen, central 
portion of wing, and rump verditer-green; the lower part of the 
cheeks bluish ; a broad crescent from the occiput to the eyes greenish 
brown; nape-collar yellow, more or less tinged with green in the 
middle; back dark bluish gre\ ; centre of the abdomen crossed by a 

47 . B4.KNAKDIUS. 
559 

broad yellow band, more or less tinged with orange; primaries, 
primary-coverts, and feathers of the spurious wing black, with the 
outer webs deep blue; the primaries have the apical half of the 
outer webs grey; smaller wing-coverts deep blue; greater wing-
coverts and inner secondaries green; under wing-coverts blue, with 
verdigris edges; two central tail-feathers deep green, passing into 
deep blue at the base ; the lateral feathers deep blue at the base, 
gradually fading into bluish white at the tip : " bill horn-colour; 
feet brown" (Gould). Total length 14 inches, wing 6'5, tail 7*2, 
bill 0-8, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller and duller; the back less 
bluish and more greenish. 
Young, Much duller than the adult bird and with the red on the 
forehead much paler. 
Eab. South Australia, New South Wales, and the Interior. 

a. Ad. sk. Linnean Society [P.], 
(Type of species.) 
b, c, 2 ad. et ad. sk, S. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
d, e,f. Ad. sk. S. Aubtialia. Capt. Shirt [P.]. 
g,h. (S 2 ad. sk. Australia, March, May. Sir T. Mitchell [P.J. 
i-o. Ad. >k. Australia. * Gould Coll. 
p, q1 r. Ad. sk. Australia (J. T. Cocherell). Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
5, /. Ad. sk Flinder'b ltange, S. Aus- Hume Coll. 

tralia, Oct. 
u, t. Skeleton^ Australia. Zoological Soc. Coll. 

2. Barnardras semitorquatus. 
Psittacus semitorquatus, Quoy et Gaim, Voy. Astrol, Zoot. i. p. 237, 

pi. 23 (1830); TMenem. Fortpfi. d. yes. Vo'g. p. 73 (1846). 

Platycercus baueri, Lear (nee Temm.), Parr. pi. 17 (1832). 

Conurus cseraleo-barbatus, Bourj. Ferr. pi. 40 (1837-38). 

Platycercus semitorquatus, Less. Compl. de Buff', ix. p. 221 (1837), 

2nd ed. p. 611 (1838) ; Gould, B. Austr. v. pL 19 (pt. xi., 1843); 

G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 10 (1846); Rchnb. Neuentd. Toy, 
N. Roll. n. 180 (1850); Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 8 (1849); 
G. R. Gr, List Fsitt. Brit. Mm. p. 8 (1859); ScMeg. Mm. F.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 93 (1864); Gould, FEandb. B. Austr, ii. p. 42 (1865); 
Finsch, Fapag. ii. p. 209 (1868); Schley. Mas. F.-B. Psittaci, 
Revue, p. 39 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 219 (1877); Ramsai/, 
Fr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 193, n. 472 (1878) ; Rchnw. Voyelbild. 
t. iii. f. 2 (1878-83) j id. Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 124 (Consp. Fsitt 
p. 60); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 332 (1883); Ramsay, 
Tab. List, p. 16, n. 488 (1888); North, Bescr. Cat. WestsfyJEgys 
Austr. Birds, p. 257 (1889) ,* Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, 
p. 46 (1891). 
Barnardius semitorquatus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, 
n. 170; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 211; Bp. Nati7nannia, 
1856, Consp. Fsitt. n. 172 ; Finsch, Ned. Tijdschr. Bierh. i. 
Berigt. p. xi (1863); G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 138, n. 8003 (1870). 
Adult. Green; head brown-black, a red band on the forehead ; 
cheek-feathers and ear-coverts tipped with deep blue; a broad 
yellow collar on the lower nape; upper breast dark green with a 


560 PSITTAOIDiE. 

slight bluish tinge; lower breast, sides, and tinder tail-coverts yellowish 
green; middle of the abdomen bluish green; wing-coverts 
green, the outer ones yellowish green, the smaller wing-coverts 
tinged with verdigris; primary-coverts and base of the outer webs 
of the primaries deep blue; secondaries green; tinder wing-coverts 
blue mixed with green; quills black underneath ; two central tail-
feathers dee-p green; the next pair also green, passing into blue and 
ending in bluish white at the tip; the lateral feathers green at the 
base, passing into blue, and then into bluish white at the tip: " irides 
dark brown; bill light horn-colour, becoming of a lead-colour on the 
front of the upper mandible; legs and feet dark brown ,J (Gould). 
Total length 17 inches, wing 8, tail 8*5, bill 1*06, tarsus 0*92, 

Female. Smaller and duller than the male. 

Hah. Western and South-western Australia. 

a. 5 ad. sk. King George's Sound, April. Sir G. Grey [P.], 
b, c. Ad. et imm. W. Australia (J. T. Cockerel!). Salvin-GodinantJoll. 
sk. 

d. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
3. Baraardius zonarius. 
Psittacus zonarius, Sham, Nat. Misc. pi. 657 (1789-1813); Kukl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 51 (1820); Desm. Diet Sc. Nat. xxxix. p. 67 (182% 
Voigtj Cuv. tfebers. p. 736 (1831); Thienem. Fortpji. d. ges. Vog. 
p, 73 (1846). 

Psittacus viridis, Shaio, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 465 (1811). 
Psittacus baueri, Temm. MS. (1819); id. Trans. Linn. Soc. xili. 


p. 118 (1821) j Des?n. Diet. Sc. Nat mix . p. 77 (1826). 
Psittacus melanocephalus, Brown (nee Linn.), MS.Kfde Kulih 
Psittacus cyanonielas, JSkhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 53 (1820); Desm. Diet 
Sc. Nat xxxix. p. 73 (1826). 
Bauer's Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hid. ii. p. 120 (1822). 
Platycercus baueri, Vig. Zool. Jour. L p. 528 (1825); Vig. $ Mors/. 

Trans. Linn. Soc. XY. p. 283 (1826); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiV. 2, p. 121 
(1826); Vig. Zool Jour. ill. p. 245 (1827); Leas. Man. tfOrn. 

ii. p. 146 (1828); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 20 (pt. xi, 1843); Thienem. 
Fortpfl. d. ges. Vog. p. 73 (1846); Rchnb. Neuenid. Vog. N. Holt 
n. 181 (1850) ; Sclat P. Z. S.1862, p. 322. 
Nanodes zonarius, Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. % p. 119 (1826). 
Platycercus zonarius, Wagl Mm. Psitt. p. 534 (1832); HartI Sgsi. 
Vers. Ges. Mus. p. 84 (1844); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 11 
(1846) j id. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 8 (syn. emend) (1859); Homager, 
Jour. f. Orn. 1859, p. 360; Schleg. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 94 
(1864); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 43 (1865); FmteA, Papag. 

ii. p. 212 (1868); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Berne, p. 39 (1874); 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 587; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 221 (1877); 
Banway, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 193, n. 473 (1878): Schmidt. 
P. Z. S. 1880, p. 310; Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. xvi. £ 3(1878-83); 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 124 {Consp. Psitt. p. 60); Sclat. List 
Vert An. 8th ed. p. 332 (1883); Bamsag, Tab. List p. 16, n. 489 
(1888); North, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iv. p. 1025 (1889); 
Bamsag, Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaei, p. 48 (1891). 
Barnardius zonarius, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 153, n. 169; 
Souance, Bev. et Mag, de Zool 1856, p. 211; Bp. Naumannia, 

48. PSEPHOTTTS. 561 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 171; Souance, Icon. Perr. pi. 47 (1857); 
Finsch, Ned, Tijdschr. Dierk i. Berigt. p. xi (1863); G. P. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p.' 138, n. 8002 (1870). 

Yery much like P. semitorquaim, but smaller, with no red frontal 
band, or very seldom with a slight indication of it, and with the 
lower breast and abdomen yellow: "bill horn-colour; feet dark 
brownJ? {Gould). Total length 15 inches, wing 6*9, tail 8, bill 0-83, 
tarsus 0*77. 

Hah. South Australia and the Interior. 

a. Ad. sk. S. Australia. J. Fisher [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Linnean Society [P.], 
(Type of Psittaous baueri, Temm.) 
c. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
d-g. Ad. et imm. S.W. Australia (J. T. Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
sk. Cockerel!). 
7j.Imm.sk. W.Australia. A. X Campbell, Esq. [P.]. 

i. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Ooll. 
48. PSEPHOTUS. 
Type. 
Psephotus, Gould, B. Austr, v. pi. 36 (pt. xix., 1845) P. hsematonotus. 

Range. Australia. 

Key to the Species* 

. Abdomen red, 
a'. Forehead and cheeks sharply defined blue. 


a". Median wing-coverts red ; smaller wing-
coverts verditer-green; under tail-coverts 
red hcematorrhous, p. 561. 

b". Median wing-coverts brown-olive; smaller 
wing-coverts blue; under tail-coverts 
yellow (sometimes partly tinged with 
red) mnthorrhous, p. 563. 

b\ Forehead and cheeks not blue. 
c". Rump turquoise-blue. 
a'". MTedian wing-coverts with a red patch; 
frontal band red pulcherrimuSj p. 564. 
b'". Median wing-coverts with a yellow [p. 565. 
patch; frontal band pale yellow chrywpterygius, 
d". Rump not turquoise-blue but green, with 

» a pale green cross-band; frontal band 
bright yellow; a spot on the occiput and 
another on the middle of the upper tail-
coverts brown-red multicolor, p. 566. 

. Abdomen yellow; rump red hcematonotus, p. 567. 

1. Psephotus hsematorrhous. 
Platycercus hasniatogaster, part., Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 89; Wiegm. 
Arch. f. Naturg. 1839, p. 395 (partim); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 408, n. 15 (partim) (1846); id. List Psitt Brit.Mus. p. 7 (1859); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 215 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 217 
(1877). 
TOX. XX. * O 

562 PSITTACTDJS* 

Psephotus liseinatogaster, Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 33 tpt. sxix.. 1847); 
Pc/m&. Feitentd. Yog. F Soil n. 443 (1850); % . Per. e* Mag. 
de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 193 ; Souance, Rev. ef Mag. de Zoul. 1856, 

p. 213 ; JFuwcfl, Zed. Tijdschr. Dierh. i. Berigt. p. x (1863); G. P. 
Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 137, n. 7998 (1870); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 466, 634,1874, p. 587; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 169, 171, 
%s. 3, 4; Ramsay, Pr. Lia/i, Soc. F. S. W. ii. p. 194. n. 487 (1878); 
Sclat. List Vert An. 8th. ed. p. 333 (1883); Forth, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. F. S. W. (2) ii. p. 986 (1887); Mammy, Tab. List. p. 17, 
n. 502 (1888); Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 77 (lfc*9); Forth. Descr. 
Cat Fests § Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 560 (1889); Ramsay, Cat 
Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 69 (1891). 
Psephotus hasinatorrhous, Bp. Fawnamda, 1856, Cvnsp. Psiit. n. 198; 
Gould, Mandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 62 (1865); Sclat. P. Z. & 1861, 

p. 234. 
Euphernia hsematogastra, Schleg. Dierent. p. 75 (1862). 
Euphema ksernatogaster, Schleg. Mus. P.~B. Psittaci, p. 102 (1864): 
id. op. cit., Revue, p. 41 (1874). 
Platycercus hasniatorrhous, Rchmv. Vogelbild. Taf. xxiii. In the text 
of P. hcematogaster; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 117 (Consp. Psift. 

p. 53). 
Adult male. Porehead and face blue : anterior part of the ear-
coverts dull yellowish.; rest of the head, neck, breast, back, and 
scapulars pale brown-grey; rump and upper tail-coverts nearly of 
the same colour, but tinged with olive on the rump and olive stained 
with reddish on the upper tail-coverts; lower part of the breast and 
flanks yellow; centre of the abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts 
crimson-red, each feather having a yellow base and narrow yellow 
margin; lesser wing-coverts verditer-green and blue ; a great patch 
of a reddish chestnut on the median wing-coverts, the inner greater 
wing-coverts, and on the outer web of the inner secondaries; anterior 
greater wing-coverts, primaries, and basal portion of the outer web 
of the primaries, and the whole outer web of the anterior secondaries 
deep blue; under wing-coverts also deep blue; two centre tail-
feathers olive-green at the base, passing into deep blue towards the 

tip; the remainder deep blue at the base, largely tipped with white. 
the blue gradually blending with the white on the external web: 
"iridesdark brown; feet mealy brown ; bill horn-colour n (Gould). 
Total length about 12 inches, wing 5*4, tail 6*3, bill 0*65, tarsus 0*7. 

Hob. Australia, in the interior of Xew South Wales. 

a. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Zoological Society Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
e. Var. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
d. Var. sk. Australia. A. Wiener, Esq. [P.], 
The last two specimens have a little tinge of verditer-green on 
the bend of the wing, some of the median wing-coverts red, and 
the under tail-coverts in one specimen have more red on them than 
in the other. I think they belong to P. hamatorrhous rather than to 

P. xanthorrhom, although they are intermediate between the two. 
563 4§ . rSEPHOTTJS. 

2. Psephotus xanthorrhous. 
Platyeercus liaematogaster, part., 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 80; id. B. 
Aitstr. 1st ed. pi. 7 (lo3—?); Mitch. Austr. Exped. i. p. xviii 
(1838); Wiegm. Arch.f. Naturg. 1839, p. 395 (partial); G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 15 (partim) (1846) j Rchmo. Vogelbild. t. xxiii. 

f. 3 (1878-83); id. Journ.f. Oni. 1881, p. 117 {Consp. Psitt p. 53). 
Crimson-bellied Parroquet Sturt Exp. Centr. Austr. ii. App. p. 38 
(1849). 
Pbepliotus xanthorrhoa, Gould, MS.; Bp. Compt. Bench xxx. p. 133 
(1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 194; Gould, 
mmdb. B. Austr. ii. p. C3 (1865); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 137, 

n. 7999 (1870); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 488 
(1878); id. Tab. List, p. 17, n. 502 a (1888). 
P^ephotus haematogaster, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 197 j 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 185. 
Platycercus 
xanthorrhous, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 7 
(1859); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 217 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 220 (1877). 
Psephotus hsernatogaster, var. xanthorrhous, North, Descr. Cat. Nests 
4* Eggs Austr, Birds, p. 260 (1889); Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds, 
Psittaci, p. 70 (1891). 

Adult male. Yery much, like P. 7ia matorrhous, but the patch on 
the wing-coverts, instead of being reddish chestnut, is olive-yellow, 
the lesser wing-coverts are not verditer-grecn, but uniform deep 
blue, the under tail-coverts are yellow instead of red, the yellowish 
ear-crescent is more distinct, and the breast is more or less distinctly 
mottled, each feather having the centre lighter, pale yellowish ; 
" bill light horn-colour; feet mealy brown" (Gould). Total length 
from 13 to 12 inches, wing 5-5 to 4*4, tail 7 to 6-6, bill 0*65, 
tarsus 0*72. 

Hub. South Australia. 

In this species there is much individual variation, both in size 
and coloration ; some specimens have the yellow under tail-coverts 
more or less tinged with red, and the same tinge occasionally covers 
some of the median wing-coverts. The specimens from Cooper's 
Creek, in the interior of South Australia, may be separated as a 
distinct race. As Mr. Gould has already pointed out, they have the 
upper surface much paler; also the breast is much paler, and the 
olive patch on the median wing-coverts is yellower. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Biver Murray, S. Australia. Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Australia. Australian Mus. [P.], 
d. Ad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
e. Ad. sk. S. Australia, Jan. Capt. Sturt [P. |. 
/ . Ad. sk. Australia. Capt. Sturt [P.], 
g, hf i. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould OolL 
k, I, m. Ad. sk. Australia (/. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Yar. pallescens. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Cooper's Creek, interior of S. Gould Coll. 
Australia, Oct. (& White). 
Gould Coll. 

c. Ad. sk, Australia. 
2 o2 

504 PSIITACJLD-3E. 

3. Psephotus pulcIierrimTLS. 
Platycercus pulcherrimus, Gould, Ann. 4' Mag. K. H. xv. p. 114 
(1845); G. R. Gr. Gen. JB., App. p. 19 (1849); id. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. (3 (1859); Finsck, Papag. ii. p. 256 (1568;: Gieb. Tkes. 
Or a. iii. p. 219 (1877); Rchm. Vogelbild. t. xxiii. f. 4 (1878-83) ; 
id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 116 (Consp. Psitt. p. o"2); Lumholtz, 
Among Cannibals, p. (Ib89) (Ibis, 1890, p. 250). 

Psephotus pulcherrimus. Goidd, B. Austr. v. pi. 34 (pt. xxiL. 1840); 
Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 8 (1849); Rchnb. Xeueatd. Vog. 

N. Roll. n. 445 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, 
n. 197; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 213; id. JS'aitmannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 195; Gould, JBJandb* B. Austr. ii, 
p. 67 (1865); Mat. P. Z. S.1866, p. 201; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 137, n. 7996 (1870); Garrod, P.Z.S. 1874, p. 587; Biggl. 
8yn. B. Austr. ii. p. 79, pi. 79. f. 1 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. 8oc. 
N.8. W. ii. p. 194, n. 490 (1878); Schnidt P. Z. S. 1830, p. 310; 
8clat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 334 (1883); Ramsay, Tab. List, 
p. 17, n. 504 (1888); North, Descr. Cat. Xests 4* Eggs Ait*tr. 
Birds, p. 261 (1889); Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds, P&ittaci, p. 72 
(1891). 
Euphemia pulclierrima, ScMeg. Dierent. p. 75 (1864). 
Euphema pulclierrinia, ScMeg. Mies. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 101 (1864); id. 
op. cit. Revue, p. 41 (1874). 
Euphema multicolor, part., ScMeg. Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, p. 101, n. 3 
(1864). 

Adult male. Forehead scarlet; crown and nape brown-black; 
round the eyes stained with red, the feathers tipped with yellowish; 
sides of the head and neck bluish green; hind neck, back, and 
scapulars, and also the inner secondaries, greyish brown; rump and 
upper tail-coverts turquoise-blue, the last with a greenish tinge; 
above the rump a black cross band; the longer upper tail-coverts 
tipped with black; throat and breast green, passing into blue on 
the lower part of the last, each feather edged with blue; sides turquoise-
blue ; abdorren and under tail-coverts scarlet, each feather 
edged with pale yellowish; a large red patch on the shoulders, surrounded 
above and below with brown wing-coverts: carpal ed°*e 
and under wing-coverts blue; spurious wing, primary-coverts, and 
quills brown-black; the quills are edged on the outer web with dull 
blue towards the base, and with greyish towards the apical half; 
two central tail-feathers olive-brown at the base, passing into blue 
towards the tip, which is black ; the next pair of tail-feathers olive 
at the base, then pale blue in the middle, and white at the tip ; 
the remaining tail-feathers similarly coloured, but with an irregular 
black band towards the base, and beyond the black band tinged 
with greenish on the outer w^eb: " irides dark brown ; bill horncolour, 
becoming blackish grey at the base; legs and feet yellowish 
brown" (Gould). Total length about 12 inches, wing 5, tail 6*6 
bill 0-58, tarsus 0-59. 


Female. Like the male, but " less brilliantly coloured and somewhat 
smaller" (Gould). According to Mr. Eamsay, the female is 
like the young male. 


48 . PSEPHOTXJS. 
565 

Young. Forehead yellowish, grey, stained with red; sides of the 

head and neck and breast greyish, stained with greenish; flanks, 

abdomen, and under tail-coverts pale blue, middle of the abdomen 

stained with red; wing-coverts greyish, stained with red; rump, 

upper tail-coverts, and tail as in the adult bird ; quills with a white 

oblique band on the under surface, 

ffab. Eastern Australia, from Port Denison to New South Wales. 

a. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. Australia. 
Sir T. Mitchell [P.]. 
c. d, e. $ ad. et Australia. 
Sir T. Mitchell [P. j . 
imm. sk. 
/, ff, h. Ad. et E. Australia (J. T. Cocfarell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

imm. sk. 

i. Ad. sk. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll. 
h9 I Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
m. Ad. st.? var. Australia. 
A. Wiener, Esq. [P.]. 
n. Sternum, &c. 
4. Psephotus chrysopterygius. 
Psephotus 
chrysopterygius, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 220 ; id. Ann. # 
Mag. N. H.\S) i. p. 150 (1858); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1858, p. 233; 
id. B. Austr., Suppl pi. 64 (pt. iii., 1859); id. Handb. B. Austr. 

ii. p. 65 (1865); G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 137, n. 7995 (1870) ; 
JRamsmj, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S\ W. ii. p. 194, n. 489 (1878); id. Tab. 
L>st, p. 17, ii. 503 (1888); id. Cat Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 71 
(1891). 
Platycercus 
chrysopterygius, G. JR. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mm. p. 6 
(1859); Gieb. Thes/Orn. iii. p. 216 (18'/7); Rchnw. Vogelbild. 

t. xxiiL f. 6 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 116 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 52). 
Platycercus chrysopterygius, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 224 (1868). 

Adult male. Forehead pale yellow ; centre of the crown black; 

sides of the head, neck, throat, breast, upper part of the abdomen, 

rump, and upper tail-coverts turquoise-blue, tinged with green on 

the cheeks and upper tail-coverts; round the eye a wash of yellow; 

back of the neck, back, scapulars, inner wing-coverts, and inner 

secondaries light greyish brown; a large patch on the anterior 

smaller and median wing-coverts yellow; greater wing-coverts and 

quills black, edged with blue ; under wing-coverts deep blue; middle 

of the abdomen and under tail-coverts light scarlet, each feather 

margined with whitish ; two central tail-feathers olive-green at the 

base, passing into deep blue towards the extremity, and tipped with 

black; the remaining tail-feathers light bluish green, crossed by an 

irregular oblique band of black; each of them has a stain of bluish 

green on the outer web near the tip, and the tip white : " irides 

brown; bill and nostrils bluish horn-colour; feet mealy grey" 

{Goulcl). Total length about 9-5 inches, wing 4-3, tail 5-6, bill 0-6, 

tarsus 0-55. 

Another specimen marked female looks very much like the male; 

it is moulting, and shows many feathers of the back olive, remains 

of the previous stage, and the yellow patch on the shoulders partly 

greenish. 

PS1TIACIDJS. 

Q66 

Young female*. Forehead pale yellow, nearly white; crown 
brown -upper surface and wing-coverts pale olive, with glaucous 
ectees t'o the feathers ; throat and breast pale yellowish green, with 
a glaucous tinge; the rump and upper tail-coverts and the tail 
similar to the same paits in the adult bird, but not so bnght; the 
lower part of the abdomen whitish, with faint stains of scarlet; 
under tail-coverts pale bluish. m % 

Eab. 2sTorth Australia, from Port Darwin to Gult of Carpentaria. 
a, b, c. 6 ad., $ (?) Lat. 18° S., long. 141° to 142°E. J. R. Elsey "P.: 
imm., and juv. sk. (Types of specie*.) 

5. Psephotus multicolor. 
Psittacus multicolor, 
Temm. {nee Gm.) 3IS. (1819); Brovn ajjud 
Kuhl, Conxp.Ptitt p. 55 (1S20) : Temm. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. 

p. 119(1*21). 
Varied Parrot, Lath. Gen. Eist ii. p. 1&2 (1822). 
Platycercus multicolor, Tig. 4' Eorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. L'S5 
(1826); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 124 <lb2U); Tig. Zool. Juvrn. 

iii. p.' 245 (1827); Wagl 3Ion. Psitt. p. 528 (1*82): Mitch. 
Austr. Exped. i. p. xviii (1838); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, 
n. 17 (1846); id. List Psiti. Brit. 31us. p. G (1859) ; F'nweh, 
Papag. ii. p.*222 (1868); Buss, Jour. f. Orn. 1871, p. 230; Gitk 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 218 (1877); Bclmw. togelhild. t. xxiii. f. 8 (lb> 83); 
id, Joum.f. On*. 1881, p. 113 [Cunxp. Psitf. p. 51). 
Psephotus multicolor, Gould, B. Avstr. v. pi. 35 (pt. x\iii.: li?47f : 
2?» Cbwm ^4z?. i, p. 2 (1850); Rchnb. Xeucntd. Tog. X. I [nil. 

n. 444(1850); £/?. Jfer. tf Jfc%. de Zool. 1&34, p. 153, n. llrti: 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 213 ; Bp. Xainnanuia. 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 194; #-/<rf. P. Z. & 1-59, p. 433, 1^0, 
p. 371, 1861, p. 234, 1MJ2. p. 185 ; Parker. P. Z. S. 1*8, p. 51tJ: 
GWtf, Handb. B. Avstr. ii. p. 58 (1805): 6W^/. P. Z #. 1^» 
p. (527 ; 61. i?. 6-V. Eand-hlt ii. p. 137, n. 7i W f1 -70 *; 7)//?///. SIJH. 
B. Austr. ii. p. 79, pi 79. f. 2 (Ib77); Eamxa/, Br. Linn. Soc. 
X.S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 492 (1878) : Selat. List Vert. An. Mil tcl. 
p. 334 (1883); Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 17, n. 505 fl^-}; Tri^r. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 77 (1889); North, Descr. Cat. Ntst* $-Eg</» Aintr. 
Birds, p. 261 (1889); Clark, Pr. Bog. Soc, South Avstr. (R X. 
Sect.) 1889, p. 38; Ramsay, Cat Aiittr. Birds, Pwttaci, p. 73 
(1891). 
Euphema multicolor, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci. p. 100 (1804); id. 
op. eit Revue, p. 41 (1874). 

Adult male. Bluish green, back and scapulars darker; forehead 
and a band on the median wing-coverts yellow ; occiput reddish 
chestnut; lower back and rump with three cross bars, two blackish 
with the feathers edged with blue, and one light bluish between 
the two black; upper tail-coverts bluish green, with a reddish-orange 
spot in the middle; abdomen orange-red in the middle, with the 
hidden part of the feathers yellow; thighs similarly coloured ; under 


* 1 strongly suspect that the bird described and figured by Gould as young is 
an adult female, and the supposed female to be a moulting male. 
48 . PbUPHOTTJS. 
567 

tail-coverts yellow, stained with, red ; smaller upper wing-coverts 
near the bend of the wing bright blue; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 
base of the outer web of the primaries, and under wing-coverts deep 
blue; apical half of the outer web of the primaries bluish grey; the 
anterior greater wing-coverts deep blue, the median lighter, the 
inner ones green, like the inner secondaries; middle tail-feathers 
blue, black at the tip, brown-green at the base; the outer ones 
green at the base, passing into lighter green and then into very pale 
blue towards their tips, which are white; all the tail-feathers, except 
the four middle ones, crossed by a band of black near the base: 
4-'bill horny brown; legs wood-brown" (Gould). Total length 
about 12 inches, wing 5*5, tail 6-7, bill 0*58, tarsus 0*58. 

Female. " The female is attired in a similar style of colours, but is 
much less brilliant, has the throat and breast yellowish brown, and 
only an indication of the bands on the occiput and wing-coverts " 
(Gould). 

Young. Much duller than the adult bird, the forehead greenish 
yellow ; back and scapulars with a greyish tinge; occipital spot pale 
orange-brown, like the spot on the upper tail-coverts and the band 
on the median wing-coverts ; middle of the abdomen yellow ; under 
tail-coverts pale green. 

Hah. South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, and the 
Interior, 

a. Ad. sk. Linnean Society[P.]. 
(Tvpe of species.) 
b. S ad. sk. S. Australia. 
Sir G. Grey fP.l 
c. £ ad. sk. River Murray, S. Australia, Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
d-h. Ad. sk. Australia. 
i. Juv. sk. 
Gregory Exped. [C.]. 
6. Psephotus hsematonotus. 
Platycercus 
haematonotus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 151; Wiegm. 
Arckiv f. Nattirg. 1839, p. 395 ; Hartl Erst. Nachtr. Verz. p. 15 
(1846); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 14 (1846); id. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. 6 (1859); Homeyer, Jonm. f. Orn. 1859, p. 3(50; 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 219 (1868); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 217 (1877); 
Rchmv. Vogelbild. t. xxiii. f. 1 (1878-83); id. Joum.f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 115 (Consp. Psitt. p. 51). 
Nanodes hgernatonotis (sic), Mitch. Austr. Exped. i. p. xviii (1838). 
Psephotus haematonotus, Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 36 (pt. xix., 1845); 
Stoat, Exped. Centr. Austr. ii. App. p. 39 (1849); Bhjih, Cat. B. 
Mus. A. 8. B. p. 8 (1849); Rclmb. Neuentd. Vog. N. Holl. n. 442 
(1850) ; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 192; SomncS, 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 213; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. 
Psitt. n. 196 ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 186 ; Finseh, Ned. Tijdschr. 
Bierh. i. Berigt. p. x (1863); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 69 
(1865): Buss, Journ.f. Orn. 1869, p. 287, 1870, p. 30; Brachenf. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1870, p. 149; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 137, n.7997 
(1870) • Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 194, n. 492 (1878); 
Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 169, 357; Salvin, Cat. B. Strickl. Coll 

p. 462 (1882); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 334 (1883); Broad!). 
PSITTACIDJ5. 

Pr Boy Soc. Queensl. iii. p. 30 f!886); Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 17, 
n 50tHi888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 77 (1889); North, Descr. 
Cat Nests & Eggs Austr, Birds, p. 262 (1889) ; Cox § Ham. Pr. 
Linn. Soc. N.S. W. (2) iv. p. 417 (1889); Clark, Pr Bog. Soc. 
South Austr. (F. N. Sect.) 1889, p. 88; Bamsay, Cat. Austr. 
Birds, Psittaci, p. 75 (1891). 

Euphemia hsematonota, Sclileg. Dierent. p. 75 (1864). 
Euphema liEematonota, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci; p. 101 (1864); 
id. op. cit. Berne, p. 41 (1874). 

Adult male. Head emerald-green, forehead and cheeks bluish 
green; back and scapulars greyish green; rump scarlet; upper 
tail-coverts and breast yellowish green; abdomen yellow; thighs 
dull bluish green; vent and under tail-coverts white, in some very 
old specimens tinged with pale yellow ; wing-coverts bluish green, 
a greenish-yellow patch on the anterior ones; bastard-wing, primary-
coverts, base of the outer webs of the primaries, bend of the 
wing, and under wing-coverts deep blue; primaries with the apical 
half of the outer webs grey; the inner secondaries tinged with 
bluish green on the outer web ; central tail-feathers green, passing 
into blue towards the tip, which is blackish; the remainder of the 
tail-feathers bluish green at the base, gradually paling towards the 
tip, which is white : " irides pale brown; bill horn-colour; feet 
brown" (Gould). Total length 11 inches, wing 5-1, tail 5*7, bill 
0-55, tarsus 0*51. 

An apparently very old bird has the back, scapulars, and the 
outer web of the inner secondaries of a pure bluish-green colour, 
without the greyish tinge, and the vent and under tail-coverts with 
a very distinct yellow tinge. 

Young. Upper parts olive, more or less greyish ; rump and upper 
tail-coverts green ; underparts pale olive, vent and under tail-
coverts pale bluish; a dull bluish tinge on the bend of the wing, 
bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and base of the outer web of the 
primaries; under wing-coverts greyish blue; the under aspect of 
the quills shows a white band, formed by white spots on the inner 
web; tail as in the adult bird, but paler and duller. 

Hah. South-eastern Australia, from "Wide-Bay District to Victoria, 
and also South Australia. 

a, b. $ ad. et ad. Australia. Sir T. Mitchell "P.]. 
sk. 
c, d. Ad. sk. River Murray, S. Australia. C. D. E. Fortnum. 
Esq. TP.]. 
e,f* Ad.sk. River Murray, S. Australia. Sir G. Grey "P. \ 

g. $ ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P,]. 
h, i. Ad. sk. River Murray, S. Australia. Guuld Coll 
k, I Ad. sk. S. Australia. CVpt. Start ~P.l. 
m. Juv. st. S. Australia. Purchased. 
n-t. 3 $ ad. sk. Australia. 
u. Ad. sk. (vai\K Australia. Mr. J. Abrahams [P.], 
v. Ad. sk. Variety or hybrid between P. hcema- Gould Coll, 
ionotxis and perhaps P. pulcherri?nus, 
w, x, y. Skeletons. 

49 . 
NE0PHEM4. 569 
49. NEOPHEMA. 
Type. 
2s*anodes, part., Vig. 8f Mors/. Trans. Linn. 8oc. 


xv. p. 274 (1826). 
Nanodes, Sw. {nee V. §• JS) Zool 111 2nd ser. 
i. pt. 5, n. 21 (1829) N. pulchella. 
Lathamus, part., Less. Tr. oVOm. p. 205 (1831). 
Euphema, part., Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 492 (1832). 
Euphemia, ScHeg. Dierent. p. 75 (1864). 
Neophema, Salvad. MS. N. pulchella. 
Range. Southern Australia and Tasmania. 

Key 
to the Species*. 

a. 
Upper surface brown ; abdomen rosy ; under 
tail-coverts light blue bourkei, p. 570. 
b. 
Upper surface green or olive-green; abdomen 
and under tail-coverts yellow. 
a'. Frontal band blue, sharply defined. 
a". Lores yellow or greenish yellow. 
a'". Lores yellow ; abdomen yellow; generally 
without an orange spot. 
a1. Frontal blue band not reaching behind 
the eyes; all the upper wing-
coverts deep blue: female like male . venusta, p. 570. 

bK Frontal blue band continued over and 
behind the eyes; exterior upper 
wing-coverts blue, the inner ones 
olive-green like the back; between 
the exterior blue wing-coverts and 
the inner olive ones there is a band 
of verditer-blue: female duller and 
smaller, and perhaps with the frontal 
blue band narrower elegans, p. 572. 

br". Lores greenish yellow; abdomen with 
a bright orange spot; inner upper wing-
coverts green, the outer ones blue ... . chrysogastra, p. 573. 

b". Lores and circle surrounding the eyes 
pale verditer-blue petrophila, p. 574. 
b'. Face blue. 


c". Chest yellow; a red-chestnut spot on the 
inner upper wing-coverts: female duller, 
with the lores yellowish, and no red-
chestnut spot on the wing-coverts pidcliella. p. 575. 

d". 
Chest rich scarlet; no red-chestnut spot 
on the wing-coverts; wing-coverts lazuline 
blue: female duller and paler, with 
the chest olive-green and the lores bluish, splendida. p. 576. 

* Besides the species included in the above Key, there is a nominal one, which 
most likely was founded on a specimen of one or other of the already known 
species:— 
Euphema 
souaneei, Pp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 197 (descr. 
nulla); id. Kaimm?mia, 1850, Consp. Psitt. n. 205 (?); Gr. R. Gr. List 
Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 16 (1859); F'msch, Papag. ii. pp. 159, 919 (1868); 

G.R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8041 (1820); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. 
p. 132(1875). 
570 
PSITTAC1D-2B. 

1. Meopiema bonrkei. 
Nanodes 
bourkii, Mitch Av&tr. Exp. L p. xviii (1838) (descr. 
nulla). 
Euphema bourkii, Gould, B. Austr.r. pi. 43 (pt. v.. 1841): G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n.8 (1846): Rchnb. Neuentd. Voq. N. Hall 

n. 109 (1850) ; Bp. Rev. ef Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 15*4. n. 2t»4; 
id. Naimiannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 207 ; G. R. Gr. List JPsitt. 
Brit Mus. p. 17 (1859); ScMeg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 102 
(1864); Gould, Handb. B. Amtr. ii. p. 80 (1865) ; Sclai. P. Z. S. 
1867, p. 818; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141. n. S040 (1870); 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 465, 034, 1874, p. 587 ; Schleg. Mus. 
P.-B. Psittaci, Rente, p. 41 (1874); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N.S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 499 (1878); Rcfanc. Yogelbitd. t. xiv. f. 2 
(1878-83); id.Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 46 (Consp. P-ift. p. 40); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 32% (1883); Ramsaij, Tab. List, p. 17, 
n. 513 (1888); North, Descr. Cat. Nests § Eggs Amtr. Birds, 
p. 264 (1889) ; Ramsay, Cat. Ausir. Birds, Psittaci, p. So (18911 
Eupkeniia bourkei, Schleg. Dierent. p. 75 (1804). 
Platvcercus bourki, Fin<ch, Papag. ii. p. 227 (1863); Gieb. T/ies. Orn. 
lit p. 216 (1877). 
PPsittacula bourki, Cab. Journ.f. Orn. 1874, p. 238. 

Adidi mcde. Upper surface brown with, a slight reddish tinge; 
forehead and superciliary band pale blue; a few feathers on the 
forehead, a superciliary band under the blue one, and a patch under 
the eyes and anterior part of cheeks whitish : cheeks pale rosy, each 
feather edged with brown; feathers of the breast brown, edged with 
rose-colour; abdomen bright rose-colour; flanks, external upper 
tail-coverts, and under tail-coverts light blue; wings brown, the 
anterior wing-coverts, the outer web of the quills, and the under 
wing-coverts violet-blue ; six middle tail-feathers brown, with the 

external webs tinged with blue : the three outer ones brown at the 
base of the inner web, blue towards the base of the external web, 
white on the remaining part: " bill dark horn-colour; legs and 
feet brown" (Gould). Total length 8*5 inches, wing 4*6, tail 4*3, 
bill 0-5, tarsus 0*48. 

Female. Duller and paler; the blue frontal band wanting. 

Hab. Interior of l!Tew South Wales and of South Australia. 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Australia. Capt. Stmt [P/\ 
d,e,f. Ad. sk.
g, h Ad. sk.
i. $ skeleton. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
Gregory's Expedition "(V. 
Gould Coll. 

% Neophema venusta. 
Psittacus venustus, Temm. MS. (1819); id. Trans. Linn. Sac. xiii 

p. 121 (1821). 
Psittacus chrysostomus, Euhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 50,1.1 (1820); VoioU 
Cuv. XJebers. p. 736 (1831). * ' 
Blue-headed Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 188 (with var. 4L ej \ 
(1822). 
Nanodes venustus, Vig.fyHorsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 278 (18^6) * 
Sw. Zool III. 2nd ser. i. pi. 21 (1829); id. Class. B. ii. p. 805 
(1836); Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, pp. 177,179, pi. xxvii. (1836). 

49 . NBOPHEMA. 
571 

Euphema ehrysostoma, Wagl Man. Psitt^. 402, 544 (1882); Gould, 

B. Austr. v. pi. 37 (pt. L, 1840); EartL Sijst. Vers. Ges. Mus. 
p. 85 (1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411,' n. 2 (1846); Blyth, 
Cat B. Xus. A. S. B. p. 8 (1840); Rchub. Neuentd. Yog. N. Moll. 
n. 1(56 (1850) ; Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 154, n. 108; 
Souance, Rev, et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 214; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Rsitt n. 201; G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 15 
(1859) ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 103 (1864) ; Gould, 
Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 71 (1865); Schleg. Mus. R.-B. Psittaci, 
Revue, p. 41 (1874) ; Diggl. Syn. B. Austr. ii. p. 80, pi. 80. f. 1 
(1872); Sab. Cat. B. Strickl Coll. p. 400 (1882) ; Sclat List Vert 
An. 8th ed. p. 327 (1883); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 76 (1889). 
Conurus chrysostomus, Bourj. Rerr. pi. 10 (1837-38). 

Latnamus venustus, Less. Comph de Buff. ix. p. 216 (1837); id. 

op. c& 2nd ed. p. 610 (1838). 
Euphemia chrysostoma, Schleg. Bierent. p. 75 (1864). 
Euphema venusta, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 163 (1868); G. R. Gr, 

Hand-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8035 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 133 
(1875); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 493 (1878); 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xiv. f. 7 (1S78-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 

p. 46 {Consp. Rsitt. p. 46); Legge, Br. Roy. Soc. Tasm. 1886, 
p. 238; Ramsay, Tab. List', p. 17, n. 507 (1888); North, Descr. 
Cat. Nests 8r Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 262 (1889); Ra?nsay, Cat. 
Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 77 (1891). 
Platycercus venustus, Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 166. 
Euphenia elegans, Sclat. (?iec Gould) P. Z. S. 1879, p. 828. 

Adult. A band of deep indigo-blue across the forehead, bordered 
above by a narrow edging of light bine: lores and region behind 
the eye yellow; upper parts brownish olive-green ; throat, chest, 
and flanks the same, only paler; abdomen and under tail-coverts 
yellow, the middle of the abdomen brighter; upper wing-coverts 
blue ; primary-coverts and primaries black, the latter with the outer 
webs edged with blue; the inner secondaries and also the inner 
greater wing-coverts like the back; inner web of the quills black ; 
under wing-coverts deep blue; four middle tail-feathers greenish 
blue ; the basal portion of the remainder black on the inner webs, 
blue on the outer webs, yellow on tbe apical part: " hides, bill, and 
feet brown" {Gould). Total length about 9 inches, wing 4-4, tail 
4*3, bill 0-51, tarsus 0-5. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Smaller and duller ; blue band on the forehead wanting ; 
the yellow colour on the lores and round the eyes much paler: the 
blue wing-coverts tinged with greenish: "bill and nostrils of a 
delicate yellow" (Gould). 
Bab. Few South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania. 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Linnean Society [P.], 
b. Ad. sk. Australia ? 
(Type of species.) 
c. d. Ad, sk. Australia. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Australia. Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad.sk.
g. Ad. sk.
k, i, h. Imra. sk. 
Australia (J*. T. Cockerel!). 
Australia ? 
S. Australia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Ooll. 
Capt. Sturt [P.]. 

572 
PSITT ACID JE. 

Z. m. <$ ad. et ad. Hurmnock Is., Bass Straits, Voyage H.M.S. 
sk. Jan. (F. M. Rapier). l Herald.7 
n-q. Ad. etimm. Tasmania. R. Gunn, Esq. "P.]. 
sk. 
r, s, t. 
$ ad. et Tasmania. C. G. H. Lloyd, Esq. 
$ imm, &k. [P.]» 

3. ETeopliema elegans, 
Nanodes 
elegans, Gould, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 25 ; Wiegm. Arch. f. 
Naturg. 1839, p. 395. 
Euphema elegans, Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 38 (pt. ii., 1841); G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 7 (1846); Thienem. Fortpjl. d. ges. Yoq. 

p. 74, pi. xiv. f. 6 (egg) (1846); JKcM. Neuentd. Tog. JV. 2fr>//, 
n. 164 (1850); ^? . j&i:. rf Mag. de Zool 18-54, p. 154, n. 199; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1850, p. 214; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 202 ; G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 16 
(1859); JHomexjer, Jowm. f. Orn. 1859, p. 300; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1859, p. 434, 1862, p. 324; Schleq. Mm. P.-B. P^ittaci, p. 103 
(1864); Gould, Handb. B. Amtr. ii. p. 73 (1865); Finsch, Papag. 
ii. p. 165 (1868); Mull P. Z. S. 1869, p. 279; Selat P. Z. k 
1869, p. 627: G.JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8036 (1870); 
Schleq. Mm. P.-B. Pbittaci, Revue, p. 4L (1874) ; Gieh. Thes. Orn. 
ii. p."132 (1875); Diggl. Syn. Austr. B. ii. p. 81,pi. 81. f. 2 (l£77i; 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. IF. ii. p. 178, n. 495 (1&78): Rchmr. 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 46 (Cony). Psitt. p. 46); id. Vogelbild. 
t. xxxiii. f. 8 (1883); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 327 (1883); 
Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 17, n. 509 (18^8) ; Trisfr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 7'S 
(1889); North, JDescr. Cat. Nests $ -Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 263 
(1889); Clark, Pr. Roy. Soc. South Austr. (F. X. Sect), 1889, 
p. 39; Ramsay, Cat Austr. Birds, Pbittaci, p. 80 (1891). 
Psittacus elegans, Thienem. Fortpjl. d. ges. Tog. p. 74, pi. xiv. f. 6 
(egg) (1846). 
Eupkernia elegans, Schleg. JDierent. p. 75 (1864). 


Adult male. Upper parts greenish olive ; a band of deep indigo-

blue across the forehead, bordered above by a narrow edging of 

light blue, which is continued over the eye; lores yellow; throat, 

chest, and sides olive-green like the upper parts, but much lighter; 

abdomen and under tail-coverts bright yellow; in some specimens 

there is an orange spot in the middle of the abdomen; the upper 

wing-coverts next to the scapulars olive-green, the outer ones deep 

blue; between the olive-green and the deep blue ones there 

is 
a row of wing-coverts tinged with verdigris; primary-coverts 

blue-black; the primaries black, deep blue on the outer webs; 

under wing-coverts deep blue; two central tail-feathers greenish 

blue, the blue tinge becoming more distinct towards the tip ; the next 

pair bluish green on the outer web, black on the inner, the tip 

yellow ; the remainder bluish at the base of the outer webs, deep 

blue on the inner webs, yellow on the apical portion : " hides very 

dark brown; bill dark brown, lighter on the underside; legs and 

feet dull brown" (Gould). Total length 8-5 inches, wing 4*2, 

tail 5, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*5. 

Female. Like the male, but duller and smaller (Gould), and, 

according to Eeichenow, with the frontal blue band narrower. 

49. NEOJPHEMA. 
573 

Young. Like the female, but with the upper parts darker and 
greener, and nearly the whole of the underparts olive-green, 
scarcely paler on the abdomen and under tail-coverts. 

Hah. Southern Australia, from New South Wales to "Western 
Australia. 

«, b. Ad. sk. S. Australia. 
Sir G. Grey [P.]. 

c. $ ad. sk. R Murray, S. Australia. Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Coll. 
e<f. Ad. bk. [Tasmania] (J. T. Cockerel!). Salvin-Godman Coll 
g. Juv. sk. Australina, W. Australia, Dec. Purchased. 
4. Neophema chrysogastra. 
Orange-bellied Parrot, Lath. Syn. Supp! i. p. 62 (1787); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 186 (1822). 

Psittacus 
chrysogaster, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 97, n. 45 (1790); 
Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 74 (1811) ; Shaw, Gen. Zoo! viii. p. 468 
(1811) ; Vieil! N. D. xxv. p. 359 (1817); id. Fnc. Meth. iii. 

p. 1394 (1823). 
Nanodes pulchellus (part.), Steph. Gen. Zoo! xiv. 2, p. 118 (juv.) 
(1826). 
Euphema pulchella (part.), Wag! Mon. Psitt, p. 543 (av. horn.) 
(1832). 
Euphema aurantia, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 148; id. B. Austr. v. 
pi. 39 (pt. ii., 1841); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 5 (1846); 
 *Rchnb. Neuentd. Tog. N. Boll. n. 165 (1850) ; Bp. Rev. et Mar/. 
de Zoo! 1854, p. 154, n. 200; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 75 
(1865) ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1873, p. 311; Garrod, P. Z. S.1874, p. 587; 
Bigg! Sgn. B. Austr. ii. p. 81, pi. 81. f. 1 (1887); Clark, Br. Bog. 
Soc. South Austr. (F. N. Sect), 1889; p. 39. 

Euphema chrysogaster, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zoo! 1854, p. 154, 

n. 201; Sclileq. Mas. B.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 41 (1874); Gieb. 
Thes. Om.ii.'p. 132 (1875). 
Euphema chrysogastra, SoicancS, Rev. et Mag. de Zoo! 1856, p. 214; 
Bp. JNaumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 203; G. R. Gr. List Psitt 
Brit Mus. p. 16 (1859); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 104 (1864); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 168 (1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141, 

n. 8037 (1870); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 496 
(1878); Rchnio. Vogelbild. t. xiv. f. 6 (1878-83); id. Journ. /. 
Om. 1881, p. 47 (Consp. Psitt p. 47); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th 
ed. p. 328 (1883); Legge, Pr. Roy. Soc. Tasm. 1886, p. 238; 
Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 17, n. 510 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Col! B.^. 76 
(1889); Ramsay, Cat Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 82 (1891). 
Adult. Upper parts, including the upper wing-coverts next to the 
scapulars, grass-green ; frontal band blue, margined before and 
behind with a very faint line of lighter blue; lores, cheeks, and 
breast yellowish green, passing into greenish yellow on the abdomen 
; on the centre of this a large patch of orange; under tail-
coverts yellow; smaller wing-coverts, the carpal ones, the anterior 
greater wing-coverts, the primary-coverts, the outer webs of the 
primaries, and the under wing-coverts deep blue; the primaries have 
the outer web tinged with greenish blue towards the tip ; two 
central tail-feathers bluish green, more bluish towards the tip; the 

574 
PSTTTACID3. 

next on each side similarly coloured, but with the inner web margined 
with black; the remainder greenish blue on the outer webs, 
black on the inner, and largely tipped with bright yellow : u irides 
dark brown; bill dark brown, becoming lighter on the underside; 
legs and feet dull brown " (Gould). Total length 8*5 inches, wing 
4*2, tail 4, bill 0*5, tarsus 0'5. 

Female. Duller than the male; the abdominal orange spot neither 
so extensive nor so brilliant (Gould). 

Young. Much duller than the adult; the blue frontal band 
but faintly indicated; the underparts more olive; the orange spot 
on the abdomen very small; the tail more greenish; sometimes 
some of the quills have a white spot on the inner web. 

Hab. South-eastern Australia, from the Clarence-River District 
to Victoria, and Tasmania; very abundant on the Aeteeon Islands. 

a, b. Ad. et imm. st.
c. Iram. sk.
d. Ad. sk. 
S. Australia. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
Sir G. Grey [P.X 
Sir G. Grey JP.j. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Melbourne. 
Sir D. Cooper [P.]. 
Gould Coll. 

5. Keophema petrophila. 
Euphema petrophila, 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 148; id. B. Austr. v. 
pi. 40 (pt. xiv., 1844); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411. n. 0 (1840 j; 
Rclmb. Netientd. Tog. N. Holl. n. 1G8 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. dt 
Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 196; Souance, Rev. et Jlag. de Zool. ld>~U, 

p. 214; Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 204; G. R. Gr. 
List Psitt Brit. Mus, p. 16 (1859); Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. P*dttaci, 
p. 104 (18C4) ; Gould, Handb. B. Aubtr. ii. p. 7(5 (I860); 
Finsc/i, Papaq. ii. p. 170 (1868) ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141, 
n. 8038 (1870); Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci^ p. 52 (1874); Gieh. 
Thes. 0/72. ii. p. 132 (1875); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soe. K. S. W. ii. 
p. 194, n. 497 (1878); Rchiw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 47 (Consp. 
Psitt. p. 47); id. Vogelbild. t. xxxiii. *f. 9 (1883); Ramsay, Tab. 
List, p. 17, n. 511 (1888); id. Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 83 
(1891). 
Adult. Upper parts dull olive-green; under surface the same, but 
more yellowish, especially on the abdomen, in the centre of which 
there is often a slight tinge of orange ; under tail-coverts yellow ; 
frontal band deep indigo-blue, bounded before and behind with a 
very narrow line of dull verditer-blue; lores and circle surrounding 
the eyes dull verditer-blue; upper wing-coverts like the back, 
except the smaller ones near the bend of the wing and the outer 
ones, which are verditer-blue; the outer greater wing-coverts are 
blue; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer webs of the primaries 
deep blue, the latter are more or less tinged with greenish 
towards the tip of the outer webs; inner webs of the primaries 
brown-black; central tail-feathers bluish green; the remainder 
bluish green at the base, with the inner web brown-black, and 
largely tipped with bright yellow; " irides very dark brown; upper 
mandible dark reddish brown; sides of the under mandible light 

49 . NE01>HEMA. 
575 

yellow, the tip bluish grey * ; legs and feet dark brownish grey " 

{Gould). Total length 8*5 inches, wing 4*3, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*52. 
Female. Yery much like the male. 
Rah. South-western Australia. 

a,b. S $ ad. sk. Isl. off Cape Lewin, "W. Aus- Gould Coll. 
tralia. 
c, d. S ad. sk. Freycinetfs Harbour, Shark Bay, Voyage H.M.S." 
April (F. M. Rayner). " < Herald.' 

6. ITeophema pulchella. 
Psittacus pulchellus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 96 (1792) • id. Gen, Rist 
viii. p. 470 (1811); Lath. Lid. Orn. Suppl. p. xxi (1802); 
Weill. N. B. xxv. p. 358 (1817) ; Kuhl, Consp. Fsitt. p. 50 (1820); 
Temm. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 122 (1821) ; Sw. Zool. III. ii. 
pi. 73 (1822); Rahn, Vog. aus As. etc. Lief, xviii. t. 5 (1822); 
Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1393 (1823); Sw. Ms, 1829, p. 998 ; 
Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 736 (1831); Rahn, Orn. Atl, Fapag. p. 45, 
t. 29 (1835). 
La Perruche Edwards, Levaill. Ferr. pi. 68 (1801). 
Tureoisine Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 89 (1802) • id. Gen. Rist. ii. 
p. 185 (1822). 
Psittacus edwardsii, Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 74, pi. 6. f, 1 (1811). 
Xanodes pulchellus, Vig. fy Rorsf. Trans. Linn. S&c. xv. p. 277 
(1826) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 118 (syn. emend.) (1826) • 
Sw. Zool. III. 2nd ser. i. pt. 5, n. 21 (1829); Selby, Nat Libr., 
Parrots, p. 177 (1836). 

Lathamub azureus, Less. Tr. oVOrn. p. 205 (1831). 

Euphema pulckella, 
Wagl. Mon. Fsitt. pp. 493, 543 (partim) (1832); 
Rartl. Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); Gould, B. Austr. v. 
pi. 41 (ptix., 1844); G- R Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 1 (syn. 
emend.) (1846) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 8 (1849); Bp. 
Consp. i. p. 2 (syn. emend.) (1850) ; Rchnb. Neuentd. Vog. N. Roll. 

n. 167 (1850); Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 202; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 213; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Fsitt. n. 200 ; Bolk,Jour?i.f. Orn. 1856, pp. 164,166; 
G. M. Gr. List Fsitt. Brit. Mus. p. 15 (1859); Finsch, Ned. 
Tijdschr. Bierh. i. Berigt. p. x (1863); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Psittaci, p. 103 (1864); Gould, Randb. B. Amtr. ii. p. 77 (1865) ; 
Ramsay, Ibis, 1866, p. 332; Fimch, Fapag. ii. p. 161 (1868) ; 
Sclat. F. Z. S. 1869, p. 627; Russ} Journ.f. Orn. 1870, pp. 26,31; 
G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 140, n. 8034 (1870) ; Sund. Meth. 
nat. Av. disp. Tent p. 71 (1872); Garrod, F. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 465, 634, 1874, p. 587; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Fevue, 
p. 41 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 132 (1875); Ramsay, Fr. 
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 594 (1878); Rchnw. Vogelbild. 
t. xiv. f. 3 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 48 (Consp. 
(1889 ; North, Bescr. Cat. Nests $ Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 263 
(1889); Cox& Ram. Fr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) iv. p. 417 (1889); 
Raynsay, Cat Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 78 (1891). 

* In the dried sMns the bill appears horny brown 
576 PSITTACIDJE. 

Latkainus pulckellus, Less. CompL de Buff. ix. p. 216 (1637): id. op. 
tit. 2nd ed. p. 609 (1881). 
Psepliotus pulchellus, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 243. 

Adult male. Upper parts green; forehead, stripe over the eye, 
cheeks, and wing-coverts verditer-blue; across the forehead a band" of 
deeper blue; chest, abdomen, and under tail-coverts rich yellow ; 
sides green; a chestnut-red spot on the inner wing-coverts; outer 
upper wing-coverts and under wing-coverts bright blue ; primary-
coverts and primaries deep blue on the outer webs, the latter with a 
narrow greenish-blue outer edge, especially towards the tips ; quills 
underneath black; four middle tail-feathers green, black at the tip ; 
the remainder bluish green at the base, with the inner web black, 
and largely tipped with yellow : " irides yellow " (Sir T* Mitchell) : 
"bill and feet dark brown" (Gould). Total length 8*5 inches, 
wing 4*3, tail 4-3, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*5. 


Adult female. Above duller green; frontal band blue, passing 
over and behind the eyes; a line before the blue frontal band and 
lores pale yellowish?; cheeks tinged with blue; wings as in the 
male, only duller, and with no red-chestnut spot on the inner upper 
wing-coverts ; throat and breast yellowish green; tail as in the male. 

Young male. a Throat and breast yellow-green ; only a trace of 

the red-chestnut spot on the inner upper wing-coverts " (Finsch). 
Hah. South-eastern Australia, from Wide-Bay district to "Victoria. 
In some specimens there is a distinct red-orange tinge on the 


middle of the abdomen. Although Gould has stated that the female 
is like the male, I believe they differ. Certainly the birds which 
I have described as females do not show any sign of being immature ; 
on the contrary, some have the feathers worn. 


a, b. £ ad. etad. sk. Australia. Sir T. Hitchell "P.". 

c. Ad. sk. I£. Darling, New S. Wales. Gould Cull. 
d, e. Ad. sk. Australia. Guiiid Cull/ 
f. Ad. sk. Australia. Tweeddale Coll. 
ff-n. Ad. sk. Australia (J. T. Cockerel!). Salvin-Godman Coll 
7. ITeophema splendida. 
Eupkema splendida, Gould, P. Z. S. 1840, p. 147 ; id, B. Amir. v. 
pi. 42 (pt. ii., 1841); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 4 (1840j • 
Rcbib. Neuentd. Yog. X. IML n. 1U3, 441 (1850;; Bp. *Rei\ et 
Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 154, n. 203; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zoo I. 
1856, p. 214; Bp. Faumannia, 1856, Consp. Fsitt. n. 206; G. R, Gr] 
List Fsitt. Brit. Mus. p. 16 (1859); Schley. Mm. P.-B. Phittaei" 

p. 102 (1864) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 79 (1805); Finsch 
Papag. ii. p. 159 (1868); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8039 
(1870); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 102; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 465, 634, 1874, p. 587; Seldeg. Mus. P.-B. I^ittaci, Revue. 
p. 41 (1874) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 133 (1875); Diggt. Sun. B. 
Austr. ii. p. 80, pi. 80. if. 2, 3 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc 
N. S. W. ii. p. 194, n. 498 (1878); Rcknw. Voyelbild. t xiv. f 1 
(1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 48 (Consp. Psitt p. 48} -
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 328 (i883); Rams. Tab. List p 17 
n. 512 (1888); Clark, P. Boy. Soc. South Austr. (F. X Sect.I 
1889, p. 39; Barm. Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 84 (1691). 
Euphemia splendida, Schley. Dierent. p. 75 (1864). 


50 . CYANOKBAMPHUS. 
Adult male. Pace, ear-coverts, and sides of the neck blue, 
deeper on the forehead and cheeks; upper surface grass-green; 
occiput and nape green, washed with blue; chest rich scarlet, 
sides green; abdomen and under tail-coverts yellow; upper 
wing-coverts pale or lazuline blue; under wing-coverts deep 
indigo-blue; primary-coverts and primaries black, slightly tinged 
with blue, the last with greenish outer edges towards the tip; 
secondaries blue tinged with green, the last inner secondaries green ; 
two central tail-feathers dark green; the next pair green on the 
outer web, black on the inner; the remaining tail-feathers with the 
base green on the outer web and black on the inner, and largely 
tipped with bright yellow, which increases in extent as the feathers 
recede from the centre: bill black; feet brown. Total length 
8 inches, wing 4*4, tail 3-8, bill 046, tarsus 0*45. 

Female. Huch duller than the male; face and upper wing-coverts 
pale lazuline blue; no yellowish tinge on the lores as in the female 
of E. pidcliella; no scarlet colour on the chest, which is green; 
upper parts, including the nape and crown, green with orange tinge. 

Eab. Southern Australia, from JNTew South Wales to S.W. Australia. 


a. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Massena Coll. 
b7 e, d. Ad. ok. S. \V. Australia (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Australia. Goidd Coll. 
50. CYAlTORHAMPHirS. 
Type. 
Cyanorhainphus, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de ZooL 1854, 


p. 153 C. erythronotus. 
Range. rTew Zealand subregion, New Caledonia with the 
Loyalty Islands, and Society Islands. 

Key to the Species * 

a. Rump and upper tail-coverts brown-red. 
a'. Head brown-black ulietanus, p. 579. 
* I am not acquainted with the following species, and therefore cannot 
place it in the Key; it seems allied to 0. erythrotis from Macquarie Island:— 
CYANORIIAMPHUS IIOCHSTETTERL 

Platycercus hochstetteri, Reisch. Tr. New Zeal Inst. xxi. p. 387 (1889). 

"Plumage similar to the preceding(G. unicolor), with the exception that the 
emerald-green round the bill is not so conspicuous, and that the top of the 
forehead, a streak below the eye, and a patch on eacli side of the tail-coverts 
are brownish red. On the back of the neck the basal half of each feather is 
yellow. Total length 12-25 inches, bill 1, wing 5*6, primaries 4*25, tail 4-5, 
tarsus 0*9, middle toe 1*15. , _ ,_ _ . 

" The female is smaller in size, duller in plumage, and the red is not so 
conspicuous. (Reische/c.) 

Hah. Antipodes Island. 
VOL. XX. ^ L> 

57 8 PSITTACID.&. 

b1. Head green, frontal band brown-black; 
lores redKump green like the back; general colour 
green. 

c'. No red mark on the bead, forehead green 
like the crown; no coloured spots on the 
sides of the ramp

df. Forehead red or orange; crown red or 
yellow; on each side of the rump a 
red or orange spot. 

a". Forehead and also the crown more or 
less red. 
a1". Tail entirely green on the upper 
surface. 
a\ Upper surface pure grass-green. 

a5. Smaller: wing from 4-5 to 5 
inches; ear-spot bright crimson, 
longer and more conspicuous. 


a6. Wing 5 inches&6. Wing 4*75 inches {Butter) ..
c6. Wing 4*5 to 4*6 inches

b5* Larger: wing 5*6 to 5*8 inches; 
red ear-spot rather dull, not 
much extended and therefore 
not very conspicuous. 

dQ 

, Forehead and crown crimson; 
underparts greener

e8. Forehead crimson, this colour 
scarcely spreading oyer the 
anterior part of the crown; 
underparts, including the 
lower part of the cheeky. 
distinctly yellowish .'

bl. Upper and under surfaces both 
with a distinct yellowish tinge ..
b'". Tail partly blue. 

c4. Tail-feathers towards the tips blue 
and tipped with light yellowish; 
underparts, including the cheeks, 
greenish yellow

dK Tail conspicuously blue, the lateral 
feathers partly green on the outer 
webs, the central two feathers 
blue along the middle, and green 
towards the edges of both webs; 
underparts green

b". Forehead red or orange, crown yellow. 

c'". Frontal band crimson. 
eK Crown golden yellow/ 4 . Crown pale yellow

d!f\ Frontal band orange, crown pale 
yellow

 erythronotus, p. 579. 

unicolor, p. 581. 

norm %ealandim1 p. 381. 
rotoleyi (?), p. 583. 
atwklandicus, p. 5b4. 

cooki, p. 584. 

aubflavescens, p. 5b3. 

erytkrotis, p, 586. 

saisseti, p. 586, 

cyanurm, p. 587. 

auriceps, p. 587. 
intermedins (?), p. 589. 

TTbalkerbei, p. 590. 

50 . CYASrOKHAMPBLtrs. 
579 

Cyanorhamplms uHetaims. 

Society Parrot, Lath. Sun, i. p. 250 (1781): id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 175 
(1822). * 

Psittacus ulietanus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 328, n. 8o (1788) (&f Latham) ; 
Zfltt. Jw£ Orn. i. p. 108, n. 61 (1790); Bec/ist. Kurze XJebers. p. 70 
(1811); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 358 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. 
pp. 7, 44 (1820) ; FfoTZ. ^c . Meth. iii. p. 1394 (1823). 

Platycercus ulietanus, Vig. Zool, Jour. i. p. 533, Suppl. pi. 3 (1825), 

iii. p. 245 (1827); G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 33 (1846); 
Hartl Wieqm. Archiv, 1852, p. 132; id. Jour. f. Orn. 1854, 
p. 169; Pelz. Sitzb. k Ah. Wiss. Wien, xx. p. 160 (1856); G. It 
Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 12 (Tanna!) (1859); id. Cat B. Prop. 
Isl. p. 29 (1859); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 220 (1877); Bull. B. 
New Zeal 2nd ed. i. p. 145 (1888). 
Cyanorhamphus ulietanus, Bp. Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, 

n. 188; id. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 1U3; G. P. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 140, n. 8025 (1870); Rchnio. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 41 (Consp. Psitt. p. 41); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. n. 7 (1883). 
Platycercus ulieteanus, Finsch, Jour. f. Orn. 1867, p. 325; id. 
Papag. ii. p. 271 (1868) ; Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 30 ; Layard, Ibis, 
1880, p. 389; Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. d. naturh. Hofmus. 1888, p. 38 
(type specimen). 

Platycercus tannaensis, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 272 (1868). 
P4ttacus fu^catus, in Mus. Vindob., Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 80. 
'? Platycercus for&teri, part., Bull. B. New Zeal. 2nd ed. i p. 145 


(1888), 

Adult. Olive-brown, the head brown-black; rump and the basal 
upper tail-coverts brown-red, the longest upper tail-coverts olive-
brown like the back; underparts olive-yellow; quills, primary-
coverts, under wing-coverts, and tail-feathers grey: bill black, with 
the base of the upper mandible silvery grey; feet brown. Total 
length about 11 inches, wing 5*3, bill 0*8, tarsus 0-8. 

Hab. Ulietea, Society Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Society Islands *. Bullock Coll, 
2. Cyanorhamplras erythronotus. 
Eed-rumped Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 249, n. 50 (1781); id. Gen. 

Hist. ii. p. 174 (1822). 
? Pacific Parrot, var. B, Lath. Syn. i. p. 253 (1781). 
Psittacus novae seelandise, Gm. (nee Sparrm.) f> N. i. p. 328, n. 83 

(1788) (ex Latham); Bechst. Kurze Uebeis, p. 79 (1811). 
? Pbittacus pacificus, var. y, Gm. S. N. i. p. 329 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. I. p. 104 (1790). 

Psittacus zealandicus, Lath, (nee Sparrm.) Ind. Orn. i. p. 102, n. 58 
(1700); Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 357 (1817) ; id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1392, 
pi. 226. f. 2 (1823). 

* The locality " Tanna " attributed to this specimen in Gray's ' List of 
Parrots' is certainly wrong; in one of the old registers of the British Museum 
" New Holland" is given as the locality, which, for some reason, was afterwards 
corrected, in Gray's handwriting, into " Tanna." 
2P 2 

580 
PSITT ACID-T3. 

Psittacus novas zeelandias, KuJtl, Comp. P*itt. p. 44, var. 1 (1820). 
Psittacus erythronotus, Kukl, Cmisp. Psitt. p. 45, n. 67 (1820) (tjpus 

in Mus. Britannico *). 
Psittacus pacificus, var. n. 3, r&#Z. jEtoc. Metk. p. 1357 (1828). 
Platycercus pacificus, part., Vig. Zool. Journ. i. p. 529 (1825j (Ota


heitej; Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 122 (1828J; Earth Wiegm. 
Archiv. 1852, p. 132; id. Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 159. 
Platycercus erythronotus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 122, n. 9 (1826) : 

G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mus. p. 12 (1859); id. Cat. B. Trap. 
Isl p. 29 (1859). 
Psittacus pacificus, 
Forst MS.; id. Icon. hied. t. 47; id, Descr. 
An. p. 238, n. 201 (?iec p. 73) (1844). 

Gieb. Thes. Orn. ill. p. 218 (1377). 
? Psittacus platycercus viridls unicolor, Bourj. Perr. {descr.f an t. 34] 
(1837-38). 
Conurus phaeton, Des Murs, Pec. et Mag. dp Z**oL l^i^, p. 14i»: 
Earth Wiegm. Archiv, 1852, p. 132; id. Journ. f. Or a. 1H54, 

p. 160. 
Platycercus phaeton, Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pi 10 11S45). 
Oyanorhamplius pacificus, J?;?. Per. et Mag. de Zool. 1^54, p. 15*>, 
n. 184; Souance, Pev. et Mag. de Zool. 1850, p. 212 ; Bp. Xaumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 186. 
Oyanorhamplius erythronotus, G. P. Gr. Hand-list ^ ii. p. 140, 

n. 8029 (1870) ; Pchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 41 \ C«n>p. IMtt 
p. 41); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 8 (1883). 
Oyanorhamplius forsteri, G. P. Gr. in Mus. Brit} /id/* Ftn^th, 
Papag. ii. p. 270 (1808); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p.* 140, n. &G30 
(1870). 

Platycercus f orsteri, part., in Mus. Brit.; Puller, Tr. X. ZmL List. 
xl p. 369 (1879); id. B. New Zeal. 2nd ed. i. p. 145 (lb^). 

Adult. Upper surface olive-green, feathers of the nape with pale 
yellow concealed bases ; crown and cheeks brighter green; frontal 
band velvety brown-black; lores, a spot on the ear-coverts, and rump 
brown-red; longest upper tail-covert green; under surface bluish 
green; smaller wing-coverts bluish green; bastard-wing and primary-
coverts bright blue; primaries pale violet-blue at the base, 
duller towards the tip of the outer webs; under wing-coverts bluish 
green; quills underneath brown-grey; tail above bluish with a 
bluish-grey tinge, underneath grey : bill black, with the base of 
the upper mandible silvery grey; "hides golden yellow ** \Forst*r); 
feet black. Total length about 11*5 inches, wing 5*8, tail fj , bill 0*8* 
tarsus 0*75. 

Hah. Otaheite and Oriadea, Society Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Society Islands. Mas&ena Coll. 
* This type does not seem to have been in existence at the time of the publication 
of the {Band-list.* 
l 

50 . CrANOBHAMPHTJS. 
581 

3. Cyanorkamplms unicolor. 
Platycercus unicolor, Fig. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 24; id Philos. Mag. 
1831, p. 303 ; Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 740 (1832); Lear, Parr. pi. 26 
(1832); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 19 (1846) ; id. List Psitt. 
Brit. Mus. p. 14 (1859; ; id. Ibis, 1862, p. 229; Bull Essay on 
the Orn. K. Zeal. p. 12 (1862); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 324; 
FinscTi, ibid. p. 325; id. Papag. ii. p. 289 (1868); Bull. Tr. N. 
Zeal. Inst vi p. 121 (1873); id. B. Netv Zeal. p. 59 (1873); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 220 (1877); Hutt. Ibis, 1886, p. 385 (Antipodes 
LJand) ; Bull. B. New Zeal. 2nd ed. i. pp. 145,148 (1888). 

Psittacus platycercus viiidis unicolor, 
Bourf. Perr. pi. 34 (fiff. after 
Lears pi.) (1837-38). 
Cyanorhamphus unicolor, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 153, 

n. 185; Souanee, Bev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 213; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 187 ; G. B. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 140 
n. 8024 (1870) ; Behmo. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 41 (Consp. Psitt. 
p. 41); id. Vogelbild. Nachtr. 6 (1883). 
? Platycercus fairchildii. Hector (in litt. 1886) {fide Buller). 
? Parrakeet (larger species), Reischeh, Tr. Neto Zeal. Inst. xxi. p. 387 
(Antipodes M.) (1889). 

Advlt male (type). General colour olive-green, brighter on the 
forehead, sides of the head, and ear-coverts, lighter or yellowish on 
the rump and underparts: the base of the outer web of the outer 
primaries tinged with blue; bastard-wing and primary-coverts 
bluish green on the inner webs, bright blue on the outer; quills 
underneath greyish brown; under wing-coverts green; tail above 
dull green, underneath drill golden olive: bill black, silvery grey 
towards the base of the upper mandible; legs and feet brown. 
Total length about 13 inches*, wing 6, tail about 6, bill 1*05, 
tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Of smaller size and paler plumage than the male; bill 
greyish white, the upper mandible brownish black in its apical 
portion, and with a clouded bluish spot in front of each nostril. 
Wing 5-75 inches, culmen 1, tarsus 0-8. 

Hah. Antipodes Island. 

I have seen, in the Museum of Cambridge, one of the specimens 
lately collected by Capt. Fairchild in Antipodes Island; it is not in 
goodcondition, but it does not seem to differ from the type. 

a. $ 
ad. st. Unrecorded locality. Zoolog. Soc. Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
4. Cyanorhamplras novse zeala&dise. 
Pacific Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 252, with var. A, p. 253 (1781); 
id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 180 (1822). 
Psittacus novae zelandiee, Sparrm. (nee Gm.) Mus. Carls, t. 28 (1787); 

* A specimen mentioned by Sir. W Buller measures, according to Prof. 
Hutton, 14-25 inches. 
PSITTACID^. 

582 

Kuhl, Consp. Fsitt p. 44 faith Tar. 2) (1820); less, et Gam. 

Voy. Coq. i. 2, p. 417 (1828); Yoigt, Cuv. Vetera, p. 750 (1831). 

Psittacus pacificus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 329, n. 88, with Tar. 0 (1788); 
Lath hid. Orn. i. p. 104 (1790) ; Bechsi. Lath. TJtiers, p. 80 
(1811); Vieill Enc.Mith.rn. p. 1387 (1823); Forst. 3IS.; id. 
Icon. ined. tt. 45, 46; id. Descr. An. p. 73, n. 80 (1844). 

Pacific Parrot, Tar. D, Ztf#. $/?z. &//#>/. ii. p. 87 (1802); id. Gen. 
Hist ii. p. 179 (1822). 

Platycercus pacificus (part.), Viff. Zool. Jovrn. i. p. 529 (182o) (Aew 
Zealand only); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 122 (1826); Tty. Zool. 
Journ. iii. p.* 245 (1827); Lear, Parr. pi. 26 (1832); -Efe Icon. 
12 ; 0.12. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 30 (1846); Blyth, Cat. B. 
Mus. A. S. B. p. 8 (1849); G. JR. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 228; Bit II. 
Essay K Zeal Orn. p. 12 (1865); id. Neic Zeal Exh p. 255 
(1866) ; Sector, ibid. p. 276; Sutton, Ibie, 1867, p. 379 : Bull 
Journ. f Orn. 1867, p. 324; id. Ibis, 1869, p. 39; ? Gvlliv. P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 489. 

Lathamus sparmanii (sic), Less. Tr. WOrn. p. 206 (1831). 
Platycercus novas seelandias, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 526 (1832); 
Nitzsch, Pterylogr. (Engl, ed.), p. 101 (1867). 

Platycercus novas zeelandias, Sarfl. Journ. f. Orn. 1834, B. p. lxiii; 
JBllman, Zoohg. 1861, p. 7467; Pelz. Novara Beise, Tog. p. 00 
(1865) ; ? Travers, Journ. Linn. Soc, Botany, ix. p. 141 (1M*7) 
(Chatham Isl.) ; fid. Ibis, 1866, p. 114 (Chatham M.) ; Ffo*<h, 
Journ. f Orn. 1867, p. 324 (part.); id. Papaq. ii. p. 273 (part.) 
(1868) ; That. Ibis, 1870, p. 393 ; Butter, Ibis, 1870, pp. 436, 457 ; 
J?MZ/. Trans. N. Zeal. Inst. iii. p. 43 (1870); Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 
1870, p. 326; Suit. Cat. B. New Zeal. p. 19 (1871); 'Finvh, 
Joum.f. Orn. 1872, p. 97; Suit. Ibis, 1872, p. 245; Finsrh, Tram* 

N. Zeal. Inst. v. p. 207 (1873); f Travers, ibid. p. 210 (1^73) 
(Chatham M.); Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 30; Bull. B. New Zeal. p. 5^ 
pi.—. f.inf. (1873) (syn. emend.); Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. Ifc74, 
pp. 170, 178; Gieb. Thee. Orn. iii. p. 218 (part.) (18*77); Bull. B. 
N. Zeal 2nd ed. i. p. 137 (part.), pi. —-. fig. ant. (18SS); Pdz. v. 
Lor. Ann. d. k. naturhisi. Sofmus. 1888, p. 38 (type of P, pacificus, 
Gm.). 
Cyanorhamphus novas zealandiae, Bp. Per. et Mag. de Zool 1554, 

p. 133, n. 187; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 212; Bp. 
Naumannia, Consp. Psitt. n. 188 ; Bolle, Journ. f. Orn. 1850, 
p. 170; Trav. Ibis, 1866, p. 118; G. B. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 139, 
n. 8019 (1870); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 795; Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1873, pp. 466, 634, 1874, p. 587 ; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1&79, p. 19; 
Rcbnv. Vogelbild. t. xvi. f. 7 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, 
p. 42 {Consp. Psitt. p. 42); Sclat. List Vert. An, 8th ed. p. 333 
(1883); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 77 (1889). 
(Platycercus ?) frontatus, Licht., fide Bp. Naumannia, I c. 
Cyanorhamphus novas guineas, Bp. Namnannia, 1856, Contp. Psitt. 

n. 189; Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 164 (lfc38); Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol i. p. 145 (1880). 
Platycercus novas guineas, G. P. Gr. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 33 (1859): 
id. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 14 (1859). 
Coriphilus novas zeelandise, Schleg. Bierent. p. 77 (1864). 
Euphema novas zeelandias, part.,' Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p 105 

(1864); id. op. cit. Berne, p. 42 (187*4). 
Platycercus aucklandicus, part., G. II Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mm. 

p. 13, specim. a (1859). 
Platycercus forsteri, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 287 (1868); id. Joum.f. 
50 . CYANOKHAMPHTTS. 
583 

Orn 1867, p. 325, 1870, p. 327, 1872, p. 97 (=novse zealandi*e); 
Bull B. Neio Zeal p. 59 (1873) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. i. pp. 139, 145 

(1888). % 
Cyanorhaniphus forsteri, Mchmu. VogeiUU. in the text of C. nova 
zeelandicB, t. xvi. f. 7 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 43 

(Consp. Bsitt. p. 43). ' * 

Adult male. Green, underneath paler, or yellowish green ; forehead, 
crown, and streak across the eyes terminating on the ear-
coverts deep crimson; a spot of the same colour, more or less distinct, 
on each side of the rump ; on the nape a broad basal mark of 
yellowish white, visible only on raising the feathers; quills dusky 
black, lighter on the under surface; the outer primaries, their 
coverts, and bastard-wing bright blue on the outer webs; carpal 
edge blue; under wing-coverts bluish green; tail above green, 
underneath dull golden olive: " irides cherry-red ; upper mandible 
bluish white, with a black tip; lower mandible bluish black ; feet 
pale brown " (Buller). Total length about 11 inches, wing 5, tail 5% 
bill 0-64, tarsus 0*75. 

Adult female. Like the male, only smaller, and the frontal red 
cap not so conspicuous. 

Young. " Does not differ apparently from the adult" (Buller). 

Hah. New Zealand. 

a. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
b. Ad. sk. New Zealand. New Zealand Co. [P.1 
c. Ad. sk. New Zealand. New Zealand Go. [P.j. 
(Type of Platycercus forsteri, Finsch *.) 
d. e. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Massena Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. (var.). New Zealand. Purchased. 
g, k S S ad. sk. Dunedin, New Zealand. Purchased. 
«. $ ad. sk.
A*. Ad. sk. 
Dunedin, May. 
New Zealand. " 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. New Zealand. Gould Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
New Zealand. 
New Zealand. 
Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
Bullock Coll. 
o. $ ad. sk. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.]. 

5. Cyanorhamphus rowleyi(?). 
Platycercus rowleyi, Bull. Tr. N. Zeal. Inst. vii. p. 219 (1874); 
Bowl. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 115, pi. 50 (1877); Bull B. New Zeal 2nd 
ed. i. p. 147 (1888). 
Cyanorhamphus rowleyi, Mchnw. Vogelbild., in the text of C. zeelandim, 
t. xvi. f. 7 (1878-83) j id. Journ. f Orn. 1881, p. 42 (Consp. 
Fsitt. p. 42); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 77 (1889). 
Adult male. Similar in plumage to C. novce zealandice, but considerably 
smaller. Total length 10 inches, wing 4*75, tail 5, bill 
along the ridge 0-55, tarsus 0*65. 

* This bird has been described as not having the red spots on the sides of 
the rump, but in reality the red spot is wanting only on one side, where some 
feathers are missing; on the other side the red spot is present! 
584 PSITTACIDJE. 

Female. Slightly smaller than the male. 
Hal. New Zealand, South Island, Canterbury district, Hen 
Island (Auraki Gulf) (Reiseheh). 
I am not quite satisfied about this bird being distinct from 0. novce 
zealandice. 

6. Cyanorhamphus aucHaudicus. 
Cyanorhanrphus novas-zealandiae, part., Souance, Pev. et Mag. cle 
Zool 1856, p. 212 (2 ind. des lies Auckland). 
Cyanorhampnus aucklandicus, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. 

"n. 190; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 140, n.' 8023 (1870): Pchmc. 
Vogelbild. in the test of C. nova zeelandice. t. xvi. f. 7 (1878-83); 
id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 42 (Consp. Psitt. p. 42). ^ 

Platycercus aucklandicus, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 13 
(1859); id. Ibis, 1862, p. 229; Bull Essay N. Zeal Orn. p. 12 
(1865); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1867, p. 324; Fhisch, ibid. p. 323; 
Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 31; Bull. B. New Zeal p. 59 (1873); id. op. 
tit. 2nd ed.i. p. 145(1888). 

Euphema novas zeelandiae, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 105 
(1864). 
Platycercus novae zeelandise, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 273 (18C8) ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 218 (1877). 
Platycercus rowleyi, Peisck. (nee Bull) Tr. N. Zeal Inst. xxi. p. 383 
(Adam's Isl.) (1889). 

Similar to O. novce zealandice, but smaller, with a much smaller 
bill, the red colour on the vertex and on the ear-eoverts less extended. 
Total length about 9 inches, wing 4*6, tail 4*5, bill 0*56, 
tarsus 0-56. 

Hab. Auckland Islands. 

Whether the Auckland Islands birds are constantly smaller than 
those from New Zealand I cannot say, but it is quite true that 
some New Zealand birds are not larger than Auckland ones. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Auckland Islands. Antarctic Exped. 
b. g ad. sk. Auckland Islands. Antarctic Exped. 
c. Ad. sk. Auckland Islands. Massena Coll. 

7. Cyanorhamplras cooM. 
Platycercus cookii, G. P. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 13 (1859); 
id. Ibis, 1862, p. 228; Bull Essay N. Zeal. Orn. p. 12 (1865); id. 
Journ. f. 0/72. 1867, p. 324; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 140, 

n. 8022 (1870); ? Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 31; Bull B. New Zeal 2nd 
ed.i. p. 145(1888). 
Platycercus rayneri, G, P. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 228 (Norfolk Island) *; 
Bull Essay N. Zeal Orn. p. 12 (1865); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1887, 

p. 324; Bull. B. New Zeal 2nd ed. i. p. 145 (1888) (=paeifieus!); 
Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 31. 
Platycercus novas zeelandiae, part., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 273 (1868); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 218 (1877). 

* Downing, Pr. Boy. Soc. Tasm. iii. p. 208 (1859) (Norfolk Isl.). 
50. crANOnniMPHus. 
585 

Cyanorhamphus rayneri, G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 140, n. 8021 
(1870) ; Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 42 (Consp. Psitt p. 42) ; 
id. Voyelbild. Nachtr. 9 (1883); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 77 (1889). 

Type. Similar to C. novce zealandice, but larger and with a much 
stronger bill; the crimson colour on the forehead and vertex more 
extended; the spot on the ear-coverts slightly indicated by obscure 
crimson. Total length about 13 inches, wing 5-6, tail 6*9, bill 0-9, 
tarsus 0-82. 

Female. Similar to the male, but smaller. 
Hab. Norfolk Island. 
Besides the two 'following specimens I have seen two others, 

male and female, in Mr. Seebohm's collection. There is no doubt 
whatever as to P. rayneri, Gr., being the same as C. coold. 

a. Ad. sk. [New Zealand.] Bullock Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
b. Ad.sk. Norfolk Island, J tine [F. M. The Admiralty [P.]. 
Rayner). (Type of Flatycercus rayneri) 
8. Cyanorhamphus subflavescens. (Plate XVII.) 
? Parrot from Lord Howe Island, Thill Bob. Bay, p. 225 (1789); 
Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 231; Finsch, Papay. ii. p. 933 (1868). 
Cvanorhamphus subflavescens, Salvad. Ann. § May. N. H. (6) 
"vii. p. 68 (1891). 

Intermediate between G. cooki and G. saisseti; about the size of 

C. co'olci, and very much like it in colour, but of a more yellowish 
tinge, especially on the underparts, and with the red on the head 
much reduced and nearly confined to the forehead ; the red spot on 
the ear-coverts not very conspicuous, those on the sides of the rump 
much extended; the lower cheek-feathers yellowish as in G. saisseti, 
from which the present species differs in being stronger and larger, 
notwithstanding its shorter tail; the upper parts have a slightly 
more yellowish tinge, whereas the underparts have the yellow tinge 
greener; the primaries are less blue and more green, especially 
towards the apical half of the outer webs ; tail below golden-olive, 
with no greyish tinge, the tips of the tail-feathers not contrasting 
with the rest: bill bluish black, with the base of the maxilla 
silvery grey; feet dusky brown. Total length 12*7 to 11*3 inches, 
wing 5-8 to 5-7, tail 6 to 5'5} bill 0-86 to 0*73, tarsus 0-88 to 0-83. 
Hab. Lord Howe Island. 
Of the two type specimens the larger one is marked female, 
and the smaller male, but possibly the labels have been exchanged. 

a, b. (S ? ad. Lord Howe Island, Sept. 7, 1853 Gould Coll. 
sk. (Voyage H.M.S.' Herald/ J". Mac- (Types of species,) 
Gillivray). 

586 
PSITIACIDJ5. 

9. Cyanorhamplras erythrotis. 
Platycercus pacificus, part., Vig. Zool. Journ. i. p. 529, Suppl. pi. 1 
(1825) (Ins. Macquarriana). 

Platycercub erythrotis, Wagi Mon. Psiti. p. o26 (1832); G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 31 (1846); id. List Psitt. Brit Mm. p. 13 
(1859); id. Ibis, 1862? p. 228; Bull Essay X. Zeal. On?, p. 12 
(1805); id. Journ. f. On/. 1807, p. 324; Peh. Ibis, 1873, p. 31; 
Bull. B. New Zeal. 2nd ed. i. p. 145 (1S8S). 

? Platycercus pacificus, Bourj. (nee Gm.) Perr. pi. 30 (1838-39). 
Cyanoihamphus erythrotis, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. Ife54, p. 153, 

n. 186; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 213; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 191; G. R. Gr. Hand-list. ii.p. 140, 
n. 8020 (1870); JRchnw. Vogelbild. in the text of C. nova zeelandite, 
t. 
xvi. f. 7 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 43 (Camp. 
Psitt. p. 43). 
Platycercus novas zeelandise, part., G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. 

p. 13, specim. d (1859); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 273 (part.) (1868) : 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 218 (part.) (1877). 
Oyanorhamphus pacificus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 140, n. 8028 
(1870). 

Similar to C. novce zealanclice, but larger; the green colour paler 
and more yellowish; the blue colour of the bastard-wing and 
primary-coverts paler and mixed with green; the outer primaries 
have very little blue at the base of the outer webs, where the blue 
colour is shaded with green ; the tail shorter, and of a much paler 
olive underneath. Total length 12 inches, wing 5*6, tail 5*4, bill 
0-8 to 0*71, tarsus 0*82 to 0-79. 

Hal. Macquarie Island. 
Obs. Of the first two specimens mentioned below, one has a much 
stronger bill, and this I take to be a male. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. &t. 
Macquarie Island. 
Macquarie Island. 
Massena Coll 
Massena Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. [New Zealand.] Zool. Soc. Coll. *. 

10. Cyanorhamplnis saisseti. 
Oyanorhamphus saisseti, 
Verr. et JDes Murs, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 
1860, p. 387; Jouan, Mem. Soc. Cherbourg, ix. p. 228 (1863); G. R. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 140, n. 8031 (1870); Marie, Act. Soc. Linn. 
Bord. xxvii. p. 327 (1870); id. Ibis, 1877, p. 362; Laijard, Ibis, 
1878, p. 253, 1879, p. 109; JRchnw. Vogelbild. in the text of 

C. novce zeelandicz, t. xvi. f. 7 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 43 (Consp. Psitt. p. 43); E. L. § F. L. C. Layard, Ibis, 
1882, pp. 524,543; Tristr. ibid. p. 525; Salv. fy S'clat. ibid, (note) ; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 630, pi. xlvi.; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 
p. 333 (1883); Schaloto, Journ. f. Orn. 1887, pp. 96, 246 ; Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 77 (1889). 
* I am not quite sure that this specimen really belongs to G* erythrotis,
although I do not know any other species to which it may be attributed; it has 
the yellowish-green general colour with a brown tinge, which may be due to the 
long exposure in the Galleries of the Museum; it is C. pacificus of Gray's 
Hand-list, no. 8028. 
50. CYANORHAMPHITS. 
587 

Platycercus novae zeelandise, part,, Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 273 (1868) ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 218 (1877). 
Platycercus saisseti, Bull. B. Neiv Zeal. p. 59 (1873^: id. op. cit. 
2nded.i. p. 139(1888). 

Adult male. Similar to G. nova zealandice, but larger, having 
a longer tail, and with the under surface greenish yellow; cheeks 
and throat more distinctly yellow; the quills are more brightly 
blue, and the tail-feathers towards the end are distinctly bluish 
and have the tips yellowish : " irides orange; bill black plumbeous, 
with the base of the upper mandible bluish grey; legs ancl feet 
grey-brown." Total length 12*6 inches, wing 5, tail 6-2, bill 0*65, 
tarsus 0"7. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller. 

Ilab. INTew Caledonia. 

a. (S juv. sk. New Caledonia. Dr.R.B.Sharpe[P.]. 
b. S ad. sk. New Caledonia (E. L. LayarcT). Tweeddale Coll. 
c. d. <$ $ ad. Moindou, N. Caledonia, Oct., Nov. E. L. Layard [C.]. 
11. Cyanorhamplms cyanurus. (Plate XVIII.) 
? Parroqnet from Macaulay's Island, PhilL Bot. Bay, p. 228 (1789) ; 

Q)ay, Ibis, 1802, p. 231; Finschj Papag. ii. p. 933 (1868). 

? Platycercus novse-zealandios, Gheeseman {nee 8parrm.)i Tr. 8f Br. 

Few Zeal. Inst. xx. p. 105 (1888) (Kemiadec Island), xxiii. p. 218 

(1891) (Maeaulay Island). 

Cyanorhamphus cyanurus, Salvad. Ann. $• Mag. N. M. (6) vii. p. 68 
(1891). 

Adult male. Similar to G. novce zealandice, but larger, and with 
the tail blue, the two central tail-feathers are tinged with green on 
both webs, the remainder on the outer webs towards the base; 
under wing-coverts and also the longest under tail-coverts tinged 
with blue; tail underneath dusky olive, darker than in G. novce 
zealandice: " iris red" ; bill black, with the base of the upper 
mandible silvery grey; feet dusky. Total length 12#7 inches, 
wing 6-6, tail 6-5, bill about 0-8, tarsus 0-82. 

Hal. Eaoul Island of the Kermadec group, and perhaps also 
Sunday Island (where it has been exterminated by wild cats), 
Meyer and Macaulay Islands ( Gheeseman) *. 

Gbs. This is a very distinct species on account of the blue tail. 

a. 6 ad. sk. Raoul Island, 13 July, 1854 (Voyage of Gould Coll. 
H.M.S. ' Herald ')• " (Type of species.) 
12. Cyanorhamplms auxiceps. 
Pacific Parrot, varv-O, Lath. 8yn. i. p. 253 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist. 
ii. p. 180 (1822). 
Psittacus pacificus, var. 8, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 329 (1788); Lath. 2nd. 
* Whether the birds from Sunday, Meyer, and Macaulay Islands, also from 
the Kermadec group, belong to the same species as those from Eaoul Island, 
remains to be ascertained. 
588 PSITTACID^J. 

Orn. I p. 104 (1790); Weill N. D. xxv. p. 347 (1817); id. Enc 

Meth. iii. p. 1387 (1823). 
Psittacus auriceps, Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 46 (1820). 
? Buff-crowned Parrot, lath. Gen. Mist ii. p. 196 (1822). 
Platvcercus auriceps, Vic/, Zool Jour. i. p. 531 (1825), Suppl 

pL 2 (1825); Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 123 (1826); Vig. Zool 
Jour. iii. p. 245 (1827); Wagl Mon. Psitt p. 524 (1832); G. R. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 32 (1846); id. List P4tt. Brit. Mm. 

p. 14 (1859); id. Ibis, 1862, p. 229; Ibis, 1862, p. 285; Pet. 
Kovara Reis., Vo'g. p. 97 (1865); Ramsay, Ibis, 1865, p. 156: 
Bull JEssay N. Zeal Orn. p. 12 (1865) ; id. K. Zeal F:ih. p. 255 
(18C6); Hector, ibid. p. 2m (1866); Bail Jour. f. Orn. 1867, 
p. 324; Finsch, ibid. p. 325 (part.); id. Papag. ii. p. 285 
(part.) (1868); Bull. Ibis, 1869, pp. 39,40; Fitwh, Ibis, 1869, 
p. 379 ; Mutt Ibis, 1870, p. 393 ; Bull ibid. pp. 456, 457 ; Finsch, 
Jour. f. Orn. 1870, p. 326 (part.); Potts, Tr. X Zeal Fist ii. 
p. 64 (1869); Bull ibid. iii. p. 44 (1870); Butt. Cat. B. Xeic 
Zeal. p. 19 (1871); Travers, Tr. K. Zeal Fist iv. p. 206 (1872), 
v. p. 216 (Chatham Isl.) (1873); Mutt. ibid.]). 223 (ChathamM.) 
(1873); Bull B. New Zeal p. 61, pi. — f. sup. (1873); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 215 (part.) (1877); Finsch, Ibis, 1882, p. 398 ; 
Bull. B. New Zeal. 2nd ed. i. p. 142, pi. — f. post. (1888). 
Pemiche pod-t&e, esp. 2, less. Voy. Coq. i. 2, p. 417 (1828). 
Platvcercus novse zelandiae, Bourj. {nee auct.) Pen: pi. 37 (1837-38). 
Eup'henia auriceps, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 72 (1854) ; Schleg. Mus. 

P.-B. Psittaci, p. 106 (1864); id. Mm. P.-B. PsittacL Revue, 

p. 42 (1874). 
Cyanorhamphus auriceps, Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 153, 
n. 189; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 213; Bp. Naumannia, 
1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 192; Film. Zool. 1801, p. 74C*; 
G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 140, n. 8026 (1870); Sclaf. P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 795; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 4G6, 634, 1674, p. 587 ; 
Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 169; Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxi, I 4 
(1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 43 (dtmsp. Psitt. p. 43): 
Sclaf. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 333 (1883); Tristr. Cat Coll B. 
p. 77 (1889). 
P& c richoglossus aurifrons (errore ?), Layard, Ibis, 1863, p. 243 
(Wellington). 
Coriphilus auriceps, Schleg. Fiere?it p. 77 (1864). 


Adult male. Grass-green, paler or more suffused with yellow on the 
underparts: frontal band connecting the eyes crimson; crown golden 
yellow; a concealed yellowish-white spot on the nape; a crimson 
spot on the sides of the rump; quills dusky black, in some specimens 
(young ones ?) crossed on their under surface with a band of 
pale yellow; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and the base of the 
outer webs of the second to fifth primaries indigo-blue, the last 
edged with green; tail green above, golden olive underneath: 
"irides pale cherry-red; upper mandible bluish white at the base, 


black towards the tip; under mandible bluish black ; feet palo 
brown" (Fuller). Total length 9*6 inches, wing 4-3, tail 4-7 
bill 0-6, tarsus 0-66. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller. 
Mab. New Zealand, both North and South Islands, and Chatham 
Islands. 

50 . CYANORHAMPHUS. 
589 
Obs. The Chatham Islauds birds are said to be larger, and require 

comparison. 
a. Ad. sk. New Zealand. New Zealand Co. [P.]. 
b, c. Ad, st. et New Zealand. Massena Coll. 
sk. 
d. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Gould Coll. 
e,f. Ad. sk. New Zealand (JF. Strange). Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
g. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Miss B, Stone [P.]. 
h, i Ad. sk. et New Zealand. Sir Gk Grey [P.], 
Tar. sk. 
h. $ ad. sk. New Zealand. ZooL Soc. Coll. 
/. Skeleton. 

13. Cyauorhamphus intermedins. 
Cyanorhamphus intermedia 
(sic), Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 44 
(Consp. Psitt. p. 44). 
Cyanorhamphus intermedium Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1883; p. 415 ; id, 
Trogelbild. Nachtr. 10 (1883). 

Similar to 0. auriceps, but the yellow colour of the crown is paler, 
greenish yellow as in G. alpinus; frontal band carmine. Total 
length 250 millim., wing 113, tail 133, culmen of the bill 14. 

llcib. New Zealand. 

I am not acquainted with this species, the description of which 
I have taken from Reichenow; but I doubt whether it is anything 
else than G. auriceps, which seems to vary a good deal in size.* 

* CYANORHAMPHUS, sp. 
Platyeercus inalherbi, 67. B. Grr, (me SouancS) List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 14 
(1859) (Auckland Island and New Zealand); id. Ibis, 1862, p. 229; 
Finseh, Journ.f. Orn. 1867, p. 325; Bull. B, New Zeal. 2nd ed. i. pp. 143, 
145 (=auriceps) (1888). 

Cyanorhamphus malherbi, Gr. B. Gr. (nee Souance), Hand-list, ii* p. 140 

n. 8047 (1870) (Auckland Island); Bohnw. VoqelbiU. in the text of C. 
auriceps, t. xxi. f. 4 (1878-83); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 44 (Gonsp* 
Psitt. p. 44). 
Exactly like O. auriceps, only smaller; total length 8*3 inches, wing 3*9, 

tail 4-2, bill 0*47, tarsus 06J. 
Hab. Auckland Island and New Zealand. 
Mr. Gray in liis ' Hand-list' and also Dr. Reichenow have treated the 

Auckland bird, of which I think there is a single specimen known, as distinct from 

G. auriceps, on account of its smaller dimensions ; but equally small birds are 
found in New Zealand; and I doubt whether this smaller form, on which a 
new name would have to be bestowed, can really be separated from O. auriceps: 
the want of a good series of specimens, properly sexed and from reliable localities, 
prevents me from expressing a decided opinion on the subject. 
a. Ad. sk. Auckland Islands. 
Antarctic Expedition* 
b. Ad. sk. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Antarctic Expedition. 
c. Ad. sk. Port Nicholson, south of North Island. Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. New Zealand. 
Tweeddale ColL 
590 
PSITT1CIDJ3. 

14. Cyanorhamphus malherbei. 
Cyanorhamphns 
malherbi, Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1857, 
'p. 98 (Habitat incormu; type in the Museum of Metz); id. Icon. 
Pen. pi. 48 (1857); Bp. Compt. Rend. xliv. p. 538 (1852). 
Platycercus auriceps, part., Fmsck, Papag. ii. p. 285 (juv.) (1868) ; 
id Jour. f. Orn. 1870, p. 326, 1872, p. 92; Bull B. Xeto Zeal 

p. 61 (young) (1873); Gieb. The*. Orn. ii. p. 215 (1877). 
Platycercus alpinus, Bull Ibis, 1809, p. 39; id. Tr. X Zeal Inst. 
i. p. 109 (1869); ii. pp. 380, 389 (1869); Finsch, ibid. p. 389 ; id. 
Ibis, 1869, p. 878; Bull Ibis, 1870, p. 450; Hutt. Tr. X. Zeal 
Inst. v. p. 226 (1872); Sclat.P. Z. S. 1872, p. 795; Bull B. Xezc 
Zeal, Introd. p. xvi (1873); Finsch, Jour. f. Orn. 1874, p. 17S : 
Bull Tr. X. Zeal Inst xvi. p. 318 (1884); id. B. Xeic Zeal '2nd 
ed. i. p. 146, pi. —. fig. post. (1888). 
Platycercus sp., Potts, Tr. X. Zeal Inst. v. p. 185 (1872); Mart* 
ibid. p. 225; Suit. ibid. p. 226 (1872). 

Cyanorhampkus 
alpinus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 140, n. 8032 
(1870) 5 Sdat. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 795 (Hying in the Zool. Gard.); 
Rchnw. Vogelbild. t. xxi. f. 3 (1878-83): id. Jour. f. Orn. 
1881, p. 44 (Consjp. Psitt. p. 44); Sclat List Vert. An. bth ed. 

p. 333 (1883). 
Adult male. Eesembles O. auriceps, but smaller, the frontal band 

connecting the eyes orange, the crown very pale yellow; under


parts pale green, but with no yellow tinge ; spot on the sides of the 

rump orange; tail underneath dusky grey, without any distinct 

olive tinge : bill bluish black, with the base of the upper mandible 

silvery bluish ; feet pale brown. Total length 9 to 8*5 inches, wing 

4-1, tail 4 5, bill 0*5 to 0*45, tarsus 0*66. 

Hab. South Island, New Zealand. 

Any one who examines Souancc's figure of his C. malherbi will 

agree that there is no difficulty in identifying P. dlj/inus, Bull., 

with it. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Otago, South Island. Sir W. Boiler [P.]. 

51. NYMPHICUS. 
Type. 

Nyniphicus, Wagl Man. Psitt, p. 490 (1832) cumu

X.
.. cornutus. 
(1837-38)'* X. cornutut..
Plectolophus, Bourj. Per?', pi. 12 (" 

Range. Erom Few Caledonia to the Loyalty Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Crest of two black feathers, tipped with red; a 
yellow nuchal collar connecting the ear-coverts; 
pileum red; face black cornutus, p. 591. 
b. 
Crest of six turned-up dark green feathers, tipped 
with paler green • no nuchal collar; middle of 
the forehead red; face dark green uvteensisy p. 592. 
591 

51 . NYHPHICUS. 
1. Nympliicus conmtus. 
Horned Parrot, Lath. Sgn. i. p. 248, n. 48, pi. 8 (1781); id. Gen. Eist. 
ii. p. 172, pi. 25 (1822); Cook's Voy. pi. on p. 110. 
Psittacus cornutus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 827, n. 81 (1788); Bechst. 
Kurze Ueb. p. 78, pi. 10 (1811) ; Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 357 (1817); 
Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 45 (1820) ; Ranz. Elem. di Zool. iii. 2, p. 41, 
tav* 5. £ 4 (1821); Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1393, pi. 224, f. 3 (1823); 

Vo*gt, Cuv. TIebers. p. 750 (1831). 

Psittacus bisetis, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p.102, n. 56 (1790); Shaw, Gen. 
Zool viii. 2, p. 452 (1811) ; Font. MS.; id. Icon. ined. tab. 43 ; 
id. Descr. An. p. 258 (1844). 

Platyeercus cornutus, 
Tig. Zool Journ. i. p. 528 (1825); Steph. Gen. 
Zool xiv. 2, p. 123 (1826); Vig. Zool Journ. iii. p. 245 (1827); 

G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 34, pi. 101 (1846); id. List Psitt 
Brit Mus. p. 7 (1859); id. P. Z. S.1859, p. 16i; id. List B. Trop. 
Lsl p. 28 (1859) ; Schleg. Bierent pp. 14, 7o, with figure (L864) ; 
id. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 95 (I860); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 241 
(1868); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, Revue, p. 39 (1874) 3 Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 216 (1877). 
XynipMcus bisetis, Wagl Mon. Psitt pp. 490, 522 (1832). 
Plectolophus cornutus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 12 (ex Latham) (1837-38). 
ISyniphicus cornutus, G. R. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 86 (1855); Verr. 

"Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1860, p. 387, 1862, p. 132 5 G. R. Gr. 
Iland-Ust, ii. p. 138, n. 8000 (1870); Marie, Act. Soc. Linn. 
Bonl xxvii. p. 327 (1870) ; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 361; E. L. £ E. L. C. 
Lagard, Ibis, 1878, p. 253; Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 181; Sclat 

P. Z. S. 1879, p. 550, pi. 44 (living in the Zool. Gard.); Oust JBtUL 
Soc. Philom. Paris, iii. p. 218 (1879); E. L. § E. L. C. Lagard, 
Ibis, lb82, pp. 524, 543; iid. P. Z. S. 1882, pp. 408, 409, pi. xxvi. 
f. 1; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 421; id. List Vert An. 8th ed. 
p. 332 (1883); Schal Journ. f. Orn. 1884, pp. 96, 245; Tristr. 
Cat Coll B. pp. 77, 78 (1889). 
Psittacus , Jouan, Mini, Soc. Cherb. ix. p. 94 (1863). 
Gyanorhamphus cornutus, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 44 {Consp, 

Psitt. p. 44); id. Vogelbild. t. xxiii. f. 2 (1878-83). 

Adult male. Green, underneath paler, yellowish green; pileum 
red, or rather the feathers black with crimson tips; two long and 
narrow feathers turning backwards black, with red tips; nape and 
ear-coverts golden yellow; rump washed with yellow; face, or 
lores, region round the eyes, and posterior part of the cheeks black, 
posterior and lower part of the cheeks yellowish green like the 
breast; under tail-coverts green, washed with bluish ; bastard-wing, 
primary-coverts, and outer webs of the primaries deep blue; quills 
underneath and on the inner web black; under wing-coverts green, 
with a bluish tinge ; tail above blue, green at the base, the feathers 
with light tips ; tail underneath blackish, paler or greyish towards 
the tips of the feathers : irides orange; bill black, top of the upper 
mandible bluish; feet grey-brown. Total length about 14 inches, 
wing 6*7, tail 6*7, bill 0-92, tarsus 0*79. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller. 

Young, The nape and the ear-coverts less yellow and more green; 
the light tips of the tail-feathers, especially underneath, have a 
yellowish tinge ; the bill, in the dried skin, horny whitish. 

Sab. New Caledonia. 

592 PSITTACID-E. 
a. S ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. <$ ad. sk.
d. J ? ad. sk.
e. (S juv. sk. 
Donibea, N. Caledonia, June (E. Z.
Layard). 
Moindou, N. Caledonia, Nov. (E.
L. Layard). 
New Caledonia. 
New Caledonia. 
New Caledonia. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
2. Nymphicris uvaeeusis. 

Nymphicus cormitus, E. L. § E. L. C. Layard (nee Gm.), Ibis, 1880, 

p. 231 (Uvea). 
Nymphicus uvseensis, E. L. §• E. L. C. Layard, P. Z. S. 1852, 
p. 408; pi. 26. f. 2 (Uvea); Sclat P. Z. S. 1882, p. 421 ; id. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 332 (1883); Rchnw. u. ScJial Jour/i.f. Oni. 
1883, p. 416; Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 78 (1889). 
Cyanorhaniphus uvaeensis, Bch/iw. Voyelbiid, Nachtr. 11 (1853). 

Adult male. Grass-green; underneath yellowish green; rump 
with a yellowish tinge; crest formed by six upturned feathers dark 
green, with lighter tips, the feathers on the forehead at the base of 
the crest dark green, with red tips ; face, or lores, cheeks, and chin 
dark green; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and outer webs of the 
primaries blue; tail green, changing into blue towards the tip ; the 
three lateral tail-feathers of each side blue, with paler tips and 
very little green towards the base: irides orange; bill black, top 
(or base) of the upper mandible bluish ; feet black. Total length 
about 12*5 inches, wing 6*1, tail 6, bill 0*91, tarsus 0*61. (Tristram 
Coll.) 

Female. Like the male, only a little smaller. 

Hob. Uvea, and perhaps also lira, Loyalty Islands. 

a. J ad. sk. Uvea, Loyalty Islands. Zoological Society. 
52. 
NABTODES. 
Type. 
Nauodes, Vig. fy Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 274 
(1826) (nee Schonherr, 1826) X discolor. 
Lathannis, Less. Tr. dJOrn. p. 205 (183 Ij (=Nanodes, 
Vig.^ Horsf.). 
Euphema, 
Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 492 (1832) (=Nanodes, 
Vig.fyHorsf.). 

(Of. Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 166-174.) 

Mange. South-eastern Australia and Tasmania. 

1. Uanodes discolor. 
Ked-shouldered Parrakeet, 
P/iill. Voy. Botany Bay, p. 269. pi. 41 
(1789); Lath. Gen. Syn. SitppL ii. p. 90 (1802) ; id. Gen. Hist ii. 

p. 176 (1822). 
Psittacus 
discolor, Shaw in White's Voy. p. 263, yl. 49 (1790); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxi (1802); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. % 

p. 466 (1811); Bechst.Kurze Ueb. p. 82 (1811); VieUL N. D. xxv. 
p. 346 (1817) ; Kuhl, Consp. Pdtt. 
p. 48 (1820); Sw. Zool III. i. 
52. Kl^ODBS. 
593 
pL 62 (1820-21); Vieill. Erie. Metk iii. p. 1386 (1823) ,• Less. Voy. 
Coy. i. 1, p. 401 (1826), 2, p. 631 (1828): Voigt Cuv. Uebers. 

p. 736 (1831). ^ " J1 
La Perruche Banks, Levaill Perr. pi. 50 (1801). 
La Perraelie Latham, Z*w«tf. Pe;v. pi. Q2 (1801). 
Psittacua latlianii, JBeckst. Kurze Uebers. p. 81, pi. 8 fe Ztfym7£ 
r r v

pi. 62) (1811). 

Psittdcus huoieralis, Bechst. Kurze Uebers. p. 85, pi. 12 (ex Levaill 
pi. 50) (1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 47 (1820); Voigt, 
Cat. Uebers. p. 735 (1831). 

Psittauus banksianus, Vieill N. D. xxv. p. 312 (1817) (ex Levaill 
pi. oO); id. Ene. Metk. iii. p. 1383 (1823). 
Psittacua australis, uBrown? Kuhl (nee Lath.), Consp. Psitt. p. 48 
Jl^'20). 
Xaiudes discolor, Yig. fy Horsf. Trans. Linn. 8oc. xv. p. 276 (1826); 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 118 (1826); Less. Man. cVOrn. ii. 

p. 147 (1828); Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 305 (1836) ; Selb. Nat. Libr., 
Parrots, pp. 170, 177 (1836); Sckleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 114 
(WJ4); G. R. Or. Band-list, ii. p. 156, n. 8225 (1870); Sand. 
Metk. aai. Av. difip. Tent p. 71 (1872); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. PsittaH, 
Revue, p. 53 (1874); Rehnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 39 
(Consp. Psitt p. 39); id. Vogelbild. t. xxiii. f. 7 (1878-83), 
Tricko{?los«.iiN :j an>tralis, Steph, Gen. Zool xiv. 2, p. 130 (1826). 
Lfithiiiiua rubrifrons, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 205 (1831). 
Eup]iHiiia discolor, Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 545 (1832); G. R. Gr. List 


(ha. B. p. m (1840)'; Hart I Syst. Vers. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); 
(I R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 411, n. 3 (1846) ; Licht. Nomencl. Av. 

p. 72 (IbM). 
Lathamiis 
discolor, Less. Compl. de Buff. ix. p. 217 (1837), 2nd 
ed. p. 010 (1838;; Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 47 (pt. i., 1840); Blyth, 
Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 12 (1849); Rehnb. Neuentd. Vog. N. Holl 

n. 162 (1850); Bp. Consp. i. p. 3 (1850); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 
1854, p. 156, ii. 294; Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 226 ; 
Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 308; id. Compt Rend, xliv. 
p. 530 (1857) j Gould, Handb. B. Anstr. ii. p. 90 (1865); Qarrod, 
P.Z.8. 1873, pp. 466,634, 1874, p. 587; Biggl Syn. B. Austr. 
ii. p. 84, p i 174 (1877) ; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N.8. W. ii. 
p. 194, ii. 503 (1878); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 168, 171, 174, 
pi. xvi. ft 1,2, 8,10,12; Salvin, Cat B. Stric/cl. Coll p. 4&2 (1882); 
tidat List Vert An. Stli ed. p. 334 (1883); Legge, Pr. Roy. Soe. 
Tasm. 1886, p. 238j Ramsay, Tab. List, p. 17, n. 517 (1888); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 77 (1889); North, Bescr. Cat. Nests $ 
Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 260 (1889); Cox § Ham. Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N. S. W. (2) iv. p. 418 (1889) ; Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds, P&ittaci, 
p. 92 (1891). 
Triclioglo&sus discolor, G. R. Gr. List Psitt Brit Mus. p. 63 (1859) ; 
Finseh, Papag. ii. p. 864 (1868); Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 117; Gieb. 
Tlies. Orn. iii. p. 657 (1877). 

Coriphilus discolor, ScMeg. Dierent. p. 78 (1864). 

Adult male. Green; forehead, anterior part of the cheeks, throat, 
and under wing-coverts scarlet; middle of the crown deep blue; 
lores and a band bordering the red of the cheeks and throat yellow; 
sides of the head and ear-coverts tinged with bluish; underparts 
oreen, tinged with yellowish ; flanks scarlet; the under tail-coverts 
scarlet, edged with greenish yellow; upper wing-coverts green; 
the smaller ones, near the bend of the wing, dark red, the outer 

VOL. xx. 
2 Q 

PSITIACID^. 

blue; primary-coverts deep blue, nearly black; primaries black, 
tinged with blue at the base and narrowly edged with greenish 
yellow on the outer webs; secondaries green on the outer web, the 
inner ones with a red spot on the inner webs ; tail brown-red, blue 
towards the tip of the feathers, the three outer tail-feathers on each 
side almost entirely blue, with a greenish tinge at the tip: " irides 
rich hazel-yellow; bill horn-colour; feet flesh-brown" (Gould), 
Total length 10*5 inches, wing 5, tail 5, bill 0*55, tarsus 0*5. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller and less bright. 
Young. Has the under tail-coverts yellowish green, only the 
larger ones stained with red. 
Bab. South-eastern Australia, from Wide-Bay district to Yictoria 

and Tasmania. 
a. c? ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
Australia, May. 
Australia. 
Sir T.Mitchell [P.]. 
Gould CoH. 
c. Irani, sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
Gould Coll. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. 
f,g. Ad. etimm. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
Sir D. Cooper TP.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
i, h. S ? ad. sk. 
I. Ad. sk. 
m. Imm. sk. 
n, o. J ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Tasmania. 
Tasmania, July, 
Tasmania. 
Tasmania. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Antarctic Exp. [C.1 . 
J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.]. 
J. B. Jukes, Esq. [P.1-
C. G. H. Lloyd, Esq.-[P.], 

53. MELOPSITTACUS-
Type.

Melopsittacus, Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 44 (pt. L, 1840). M. undulatus. 
Range. Southern Australia. 

1. Melopsittacus undulatus. 
Psittacus undulatus, 
Shaw, Nat. Misc. xvi. pi. 073 (1789-1813); id. 
Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 469 (1811); KM, Consp. Psitt p. 49 (1820); 
Desm. Diet. Sc. Wat xxxix. p. 65 (1826); Toigt, Cm\ Uebers. 

p. 736 (1831); Thienem. Fortpfi. d. ges. Fog. p. 74 (1840). 
Undulated Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 179, pL 26 (1822). 
Nanodes undulatus, Fig. fy Borsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 277 
(1826) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. % p. 119 (1826) ; Lear, Parr. r>l. 13 
(1832); Selby, Nat. Libr., Parrots, pi. 28 (av. jun.) (1836); Fraser, 

p. z.sim, P. ii3. 
J JK 
Euphema 
undulata, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. pp. 493, 545, 707 (1832); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 105 (1864): id. op. eit. JRevue, 

p. 42 (1874). I 
Sagittifer minor undulatus, Bourj. Perr. pi. 8 (1837-38). 
Melopsittacus undulatus, Gould,' B. Austr. v. pi. 44 (1840) ; Marti 
Syst. Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 85 (1844); Gould in Stokes" Voy. Beagle, 

i. App. p. 481 (1846); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 410 (1846) ; 
Letch. Journ. Overl. Biped, to Port Fssington, p. 44 (1847); Bii/tL 
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 9 (1849) ; Sturt, Exp. Centr. Austr. ii! 
App. p. 40 (1849); Bp. Consp. i. p. 2 (1850); Pp. Per. et Mar/, de 
Zool. 1854, p 154, n. 205; Earth Journ. f. Orn. 1854, p. 257 • 
53 . THELOPSITTACFS. 
rm 

•* • *. o. laov, p. 2sy ; Zuckold, Journ. / Ora. 1858, p. 39 •' 0 It 

Mm (1859); ^ ^

™^* ££**-****- *•u ^>- o>*' 

•WpJ, p. 299 ; Bennett, Gath. of a Natural, in Austr. p. 228 tt8<X)V 
•%**, i&w, 1862 p. 388; Sctat. P. & 8. 1802, p. 1 « ' 
£^. ^ ik%. <fe W. 1804, p. 300; Park. P. Z. I. 1805 4™ 5 
1866, p. 332 (Port Demson ; -FWcA, Pa W. ii. p. 137 nsc^ • 
Jf«rffer, P. £. & 1869, p. 279 ; Select P. rf&im, p. 027 Ita 
^ /. ( H 1869 p. 82, 1870, p 30; G. B. 6>! Wto, ! 

p. 140, n. 8033 (1870); Brehm, Journ./. Orn. 1871, p 74Luhder, 
ibid. p. 347; Sund. Meth. nab. Av. disp. Tent. p. 71 (187^ • 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 465, 634, 1874, p. 587 5 Gieb. This. Orn. 
11. p. 565 (1875) ; JDiggl 8yn. B. Austr. ii. p. 81, pi. 81. f. 3 (1877) * 
Bamsay, Pr. Linn. 80c. N. 8. TV. ii. p. 194,11. 500 (1878); Forbes] 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 166; Braun, Arb. zool.-zoot Inst. Wurzb v 
p. 161 & follow.; id. Verh. d. phys.-med. Ges. Wurzb. n. F. xiv! 
p. 121, xv, p. 120; Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. xiv. f. 4 (1878-83); id* 
Journ. f. Orn. 1881, p. 37 (Consp. Psitt. p. 37); Salv. Cat Strickl. 
Coll p. 460 (1882); 8clat. List Vert An. 8tli ed. p. 328 (1883) • 
Bias. Journ./. Orn. 1884,p. 229; Bamsay, Tab. List,]}. 17, u. 514 
(1888); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 76 (1889) ; North, Lesor. Cat Nests 
# Eggs Austr. Birds, p. 264 (1889); Cox fy Ham. Pr. Linn. 80c 
N. S. W. (2) iv. p. 417 (1889) 5 Bamsay, Cat. Amtr. Birds, Psittaci, 
p. 87 (1891). ' 
Euphemia undulata, Schley. Dierent p. 76 (1864). 
Adult male. Forehead and crown straw-yellow, the remainder of 
the head, ear-coverts, nape, upper part of the back, scapulars, and 
wing-coverts straw-yellow, with black cross bands, broader and 
crescent-shaped on the upper wing-coverts; lower back, ramp, upper 
tail-coverts, and all the under surface, including the under winge 
r erts, pale grass-green, tinged with bluish on the "upper and under 
tail-coverts; cheeks and throat yellow; on the cheeks an oblique 
baud of rich blue, below which are three black circular spots ; wings 
brown, the outer webs of the quills bluish green, margined with 
greenish yellow; a "bluish band towards the base of the quills, with 
the exception of the first and second, or sometimes only of the first; 
quills underneath blackish with a whitish band, which on the secondaries 
becomes yellow; two central tail-feathers blue, the remaining 
tail-feathers bluish green, crossed in the middle by an oblique band 
of yellow: " irides straw-yellow; nostrils bright blue (or* dark 
purple, Bennett); bill and feet pale bluish lead-colour" (Gould). 
Total length 7-5 inches, wing 3-8, tail 4, bill 0*45, tarsus 0-47. 

Female. Similar to the male, but with the nostrils brown or grey. 

Young. Forehead and crown also banded ; the black spots on the 
throat wanting or very small; the green colour of the underparts 
tinged with bluish. 

Hah. Australia^ from the Gulf of Carpentaria and Port Denison 
on the East through the Interior to New South Wales, Victoria, "West 
and South-west xlustraUa. 

a.
b 
Ad. st. 
Juv. sk. 
Australia. 
Australia. 
J. Gould, Esq. [P.], 
Gould Coll. 
2a 2 

596 PSITTACDDJB. 
c. Ad. sk. Australia. Eev. A. Sterner TV. 
d. Imm; sk Australia. Sir T. Mitchell "PA 
*,/. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk. 
Australia (J. T. Cockerel!). 
S. Australia. 
Salvin-Godman"ColL 
Gould ColL 
h. <$ ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.I 
*. Ad. st.
&. Ad. sk. 
S. Australia. 
New Soutb "Wales. 
Sir G. Grey ~P._. 
Hume Coll. w 
J. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Guuld Coll. 
«i, n. Ad. sk.
o-r. Ad. sk.
5. Imm. sk. 
X. Au>tralia. 
Australia. 
J. K. ELey, Esq. TVGregory 
Exp. "C.J. 
Zool. Soe. ColL 
t. Ad. sk. (var.). Australia. J.Abrahams, E-sq. [P.] 

54. PEZOPOETJS. Tfpe 
PezoporuSj 17%. Prodr. Maimn. et Av. p. 201 (1811).. P. fornuteus. 
Range. Australia* 

1. Pezoporiis fomosus. 
Psittacus formosus, Lath,(nee Scop.)Ind. Orn. L p. 103, n.00 (1700*; 
Fw'iV/. S. D. xxv. p. &3G (1817); JSTMW; Ctowp. PM%. pp. 7f 43 
(1820); HV/& Hue. Metk. iii. p. 1389 (1823); Desm. Mi. II X 

xxxix. p. G8 (1826); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 750 (1831); i&zA/r, 
OM . -4^. Pajwgr. p. 61, t. 46 (1834). 
Psittacus terrestris, Shaw, 3Ius. Lever, p. 217? pi-— (1702),* id* 
Sat. Mhc. Tli. pi. 228 (17fe9-1813) ; id. Zool. of S. JET. n. 1, p. % 
pi. 3(171)4); e<£ Gtoz. #00/. Tiii, p. 454, pi. GO (1811) j BieJmt. 
Kurze Uebers. p. 86, Taf. 13 (lbi2). 

La PemicJie ingacibe, Lemill Terr. pi. 32 (1801). 
Ground-Parrut,^Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 86 (lfc02j; id. Gen. Mist ii 

p. 137 {lb-22). 
Black-spotted Parrakeet, If Entree. Yog. ii. p. 47, pi. 10. 
Pezoporus formosus, III. Prodr. Mamm. et Ai\ p. 201 (19111; Tig. 
df Ilorsf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xv. p. 2bo (1820); iffrjJt. Gm. Zu*d. 
idr. p. *120 (1826); Less. Man. iTOm. ii. p. 152 H^ifej; Jfb/I* 
ilfwz. Psitt. pp. 490,520 (1832); Selby, Sat. Lihr.% Pam,Utf. 1«3, 
pi. xxix. (1830); Sw. Class. B. Ii. p. 305 jlK37j ; limit SgsL 

Verz. Ges. Mus. p. 84(1844); Gould, B. AtLstr.x. pi. 40 (part 
xviii., 1845); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 400 (l*H4fi); fJouli in 
Stakes' Toy. £ Beagle,9 i. App. p. 481 (lb4G); Blyih, Vat B. Mm. 

A. S. B.j>. 9 (1849); Sturt, Bxped. Centr. Auttr.n. App. JJ. 41 
(1849); Bp. CfMsp. i. p. 1 (1850); id. Compt. limd. \xx. p. VM 
(1850); Jte/wk Seuentd. Tog. S. IIolL n. 440 f lte50|; tf/i. I*Vr. 
erf J/fl^. de Zool. l>%34,p. 154, n. 200 ; id. Saitmanma, 1N"50, Vomp. 
Psift.n. 209; Smanee? Be v. et Mag. de Zool. 3^50, a. 215; (K 
It. Gr. Lwt Pmtt Brit Mm. p. 17 ('lb39); *$/*/«/. IkWeni. p. 70 
(18f4); GWrf, JJ&HM&. I?, ^i/^r. ii. p. 86 (JK5); P</JS. iYwwa 
Beis.} Tog. p. J*7 (lb05); Fimefaf rapag. ii. p. 1 f H (1MJ?*); 
Mime, P. Z. S. 1W>8, pp. 159, 105; 6r. B. Gr. llami-iki^ Ii. 
p. 141, ii. H)42 (1870); tiund. Meih. nat. An dmp. Tmt. p. 71 
(1872); Biggl 8yn. Amtr. j& pi. 82 (1872); Gieh The$. Orn. iii. 
p. 75 (1877); Bammy, Pr. Linn. Soe. S. S. W. ii. p. 104 (187^1; 
Behmt\ Vot/eMd. t. xiv. £ 8 (1^78^3); id. Jovrn, f. Orn. 18hl, 
p. 10 (Comj). Psitt. p. 16); Selat. List Vert. An. Ailt t4. p. 320 
(1883); 2>4#«, Pr. 1%. *&c. 2'W/L 1886, p. 23 s; Norik, Pr. 
55. GEOPSITTACTJS. 
597 

Linn. Soc. N. S. W. (2) ii. p. 410 (1887); Ramsay, Tab. List 

p. 17, n. 515 (1888); North, Deter. Cat. Nests Sf Eggs Austr. 
•Birds, p. 2(55 (1889); Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 88 
(1891). 
Pezoporus terrestris, Ranz. JElem. di Zool. iii. 2, p. 72, t. v. f. 5 
(1821); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 206, pi. 19. f. 2 (1831). 
Euphema formosa, 
Schleg. Mus. P.-JB. Psittaci, p. 106 (syn. emend.) 
(1864). 

Adult. Green ; frontal band dark orange ; feathers of the crown 
and nape with a broad streak of black down the centre; rest of the 
upper parts with irregular bands of black and yellow ; a few black 
spots on the front neck; breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts 
greenish yellow, crossed by numerous blackish bands ; quills brown, 
outwardly greenish, and marked with a yellow spot; wing underneath 
dark grey with a yellow band; under wing-coverts along the 
edge of the wing more or less tinged with blue; four central tail-
feathers green, crossed by numerous narrow bars of yellow; lateral 
tail-feathers yellow, crossed by numerous bars of deep green: 

"bill horn ; feet bluish flesh-colour ; iris black, with a fine ring of 
light grey" {Gould). Total length 12*5 inches, wing 5*3, tail 7*7, 
bill 0-62, tarsus 0*95. 

Young. Differs from the adult in wanting the orange band on the 
forehead. 
Hab. Southern and Western Australia and Tasmania. 
The Tasmanian birds are darker and greener. 

a. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
S. Australia. 
S. Australia. 
Sir G. Grey [P.], 
Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Australia. J. Rushton, Esq. 
d,e,f. Ad.sk. Australia.
|T.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Swan Eiver. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Dr. R. B. Sharpe 
I Ad. sk. Australia. Sir D. Cooper [P.]. 
k. S ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
I, m. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Go aid Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Tasmania. Antarctic Exped. 
[C.]. 
o. Ad. sk. Tasmania. R. Gunn; Esq. [P.]. 
p. Ad. st Tasmania. R. Gunn, Esq. [P.J. 
q. Ad. sk. 
r, s. Nestlings Sand Plains, near Wanyun Gould Coll. 
st. Hills, W. Australia. 

55. GEOPSITTACTJS. T 
Geopsittacus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 100 G. occidentalis. 
(Of. Murie, P.Z. S. 1868, pp. 158-165.) 
Range. South-western and South Australia. 

598 
PSITTACID7E. 

1. G-eopsittacus occidentalis. 
Geopsittacus occidentalis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 100 ; id. Handb. 
B. Austr. ii. p. 88 (1865); Sclat P. Z. S. 1867, p. 891 (from life) ; 
Gould, B. Austr., Suppl. pi. 66 (part iv., 1867); Murie, P. Z. S. 
1868, pp. 158, 165; G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 141, n. 8043 
(1870); Sclat P. Z. S. 1873, p. 433 (from life); Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 587; Diggl Syn. Austr. B. ii. p. 83 (1877); Rchnw. 
Journ.f. Orn. 1881, p. 16 (Comp. Psitt. p. 16); id. Vogelbild 
Nacktr. 1 (1883); Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 329 (lb83); 
Ramsay, Cat. Austr. Birds, Psittaci, p. 91 (1891). 
Pezoporus occidentalis, Finsch, Papay. ii. pp. 151, 950 (1868); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 75 (1877); Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soe. JSr. 8. W. 

ii. p. 194 (1878); id. Tab. List, p. 17, n. 516 (1888). 
Adult Upper parts olive-green; the feathers of the pileum and 
of the hind neck black in the middle, those of the tipper back 
black, with a yellow spot in the middle; lower back, upper tail-
coverts, breast, and upper wing-coverts with black spots and irregular 
yellow bands; cheeks and sides of the neck with small 
black spots; abdomen sulphur-yellow, sides with irregular black 
bands; under tail-coverts sulphur-yellow, scarcely spotted with 
black; wing, primary-coverts, and quills greyish brown ; the latter 
have a yellow band underneath, and, except the first four or five, 
show a yellow band also on the outer web; tail blackish, with 
yellow bands, which are complete on the outer feathers: bill horn; 
feet fleshy. Total length 9*5 inches, wing &5, tail 4*1, bill 0-5, 
tarsus 0*82. 

Hah. South-western and South Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. W. Australia. Gould Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. $ 
ad. st. Gowler Ranges, S. Australia Zool. Soc. Coll, 
(Dr. Millie?-). 
c. d. Ad. sk. W. Australia. 
Salvin-Godman GoU. 
e. Sternum and bones* of the shoulders of 
spec, b,figured P.Z. S. 1868, p. 163. 
STIOTGOPIDiE. 599 

Family VI. STRINGOPIMl, 

Sternum incomplete, with only a rudimentary keel; orbital ring 
complete; bill thick, swollen on the sides, with no notch; underside 
of the hook provided with a file-like surface ; gonys rounded, 
with five ridges and four grooves; nostrils open in a cere, much 
swollen. "Wing short and rounded ; fourth and fifth or even sixth 
primaries the longest; first nearly equal to the ninth. Tail short, 
rounded, with the feathers acuminate. Tarsus rather long; nails 
moderately long and stretched. Feathers rather soft, those surrounding 
the eyes disposed in a kind of circle, as in the Owls. 

Only one genus, confined to ISTew Zealand. 

1. STEINGOPS. 
Type. 
Strigops, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 426 (1845) S. habroptilus. 
Strigopsis, Bp. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 8 (1850). 
Stringopsis, Van der Hoeven, Handb. d. Zool ii. p. 692 

(1855). 
Stringops, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 241 (1867). 


Range. Confined to Kew Zealand. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Upper surface sap-green; larger habroptilus, p. 599. 
b. Upper surface bluish ; smaller greyi, p. 601. 
1. Stringops habroptilus. 
Centropus (P), G. R. Gr. App. Buff. N. Zeal p. 194 (note). 
Strigops habroptilus, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 427, pi. cv. (1845) ; 
Strange, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 50; G. R. Gr. Ann. $ Mag. N. H xx. 

p. 55 (1847); id. B. Z. 8.1847, p. 62 ; Bucher. Rev. et Mag. de 
Zool 1847, p. 385; Bp. Consp. i. p. 8 (1850); Lyall, B. Z. 8. 1852, 
p. 31, pi. 46 (egg) j Rchnb. Journ.f. Orn. 1853, Extraheft, p. 38 ; 
Bp. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1854, p. 157, n. 316; Hartl. Journ. f. 
Om. 1854, p. 256, 1855, p. 503; Gould, B. Austr. Suppl pi. 57 
(part ii., 1855); Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 330; 
Souance, Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 226; G. R. Gr. List Bsitt. 
Brit Mus. p. 101 (1859); Ellm. Zool 1861, p. 7467; Haast, 
Ibis, 1862, p. 103; G. R. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 230; Haast, BUI 
Inst Canterb. 1863,; id. Verh. z.-b. Gesell Wien, 1863, p. 1115; 
Layard, Ibis, 1863, p. 245; Haast, Ibis, 1864, p. 340 ; id. Journ. 
f. Orn. 1864, p. 458; Schleg. Bierent. p. 76, cumfigura (1864); 
Barker, P. Z. S.1865, p. 235; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. App. 
p. 538 (1865); Travers, Journ. Linn. 8oe. ix. Botany, n. 35 (1865) 
(Ibis, 1866, p. 114); Humbert (Haast), Bull. Soc. Orn. Suisse, 
1866, p. 69; Hector, N. Zeal Bxhib. 1866, p. 276; Pels. Verh 
SIRINGOPIDJE. 

600 

z.-b. Gexell. Wien, 1867, p. 318 (note); G. It. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 172; u. 8416 (1870); Sclat P. Z. S. 1870, p. 798 ; Uuttoyi, Ibis, 
1870, p. 398 (Auckland ?); Wood, Student, 1870, p. 492, with 
coloured plate); 6 Field; Oct. 15, 1870 (with figure) ; Sale, ' Field; 
Nov. 12, 1870,- Sclat. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 102; Mutton, Cat B. X. 
Zeal p. 18 (1871); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 245; Ami. N. H. 1872, x. 
p. 477; Hutton, Ibis, 1874, p. 35; Butter, Ibis, 1674, p. 113; 
Eudes-Deslongch. Ann. du Mus. d'Hist. de Caen, i. p. 49 (1880). 
Stringopsis habroptila, Van d. Hoev. Handb.d. Zool. ii. p. 692 (1855) ; 
Schleg. Handl i. p. 180 (1857). 
Stringops 
habroptilus, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 246 (1867); Buller, 
Jour. f. Orn. 1867, p. 323; Finsch, ibid. p. 324; Haast, Journ. 

f. Orn. 1868, p. 241; Bull. Tr. § Pr. N. Zeal. Inst. i. p. 109 
(1868); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 640 (1868); Potts, Tr. § Pr. N. 
Zeal. Inst. iii. p. 90 (lb69); Finsch, Jour. f. Orn. 1870, p. 325; 
Sunders. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 71 (1872); Finsch, Journ. 
f. 
Orn. 1872, p. 96 (descr. $ and ? ); Sclat P. Z. S. 1872, p. 185 ; 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 788, figs. J, 5 (tongue), 1873, pp. 465 
(two normal carotids), 633; Buller, B. New Zeal. p. 26, pi. — 
1873); Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1873, p. 24, 1874, p. 178 ; Haast, 

P. Z. S. 1874, p. 263 ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 589, 596, 598 ; 
Sclat P. Z. S. 1874, p. G65, 1876, p. 1; Sharpe, Toy. Ereb. # 
Terr., Birds, App. p. 23 (partim) (1875); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1677, 
p. 307 (bursa Fabricii); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 112; Lorenz, 
Sitzb. Ah. Wissensch. Wien, 1881, p. 624 (skeleton); Meyer, 
Abbild. Voqel-Skel. i. t. xvii. (1881) ; Bchnw. Vogelbild. t. xviii. 
f. 
7 (1878-83); id. Jour. f. Orn. 1881, p. 15 (Conqx Psitt 
p. 15); Finsch, Ibis, 1882, p. 395; Sclat. I2st Vert. An. 8th ed. 
p. 316, f. 45 (1883); Beisch. Tr. $ Pr. N. Zeal. Inst. xviL 
pp. 190, 195 (1884); Puller, B. New Zeal 2nd eel. i. p. 176, 
pi. __ (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 73 (1889). 
Strigopsis habroptilus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Pbittaci, p. 107 (1864). 
Stringops, v. Ilitgel, Ibis, 1875, pp. 390, 391. 

Adult (type). Upper surface sap-green, with a verdigris tinge on 
the greater wing-coverts, each feather marked in the middle with 
yellow, which is margined on the sides with black, from which 
spring irregular transverse bands of the same colour; the feathers 
of the top of the head brownish black, margined with sap-green, 
and marked in the middle with greenish; the front, cheeks, ear-
coverts, and projecting feathers of the face pale umber, marked in 
the middle with yellowish white; the outer webs of the greater 
wing-coverts, quills, secondaries, and entire tail brownish buff, 
irregularly banded transversely with black ; between every alternate 
set lemon-yellow; the inner webs of quills and secondaries black, 
more or less transversely banded with lemon-yellow ; under surface 

pale greenish yellow, tinged with lemon-yellow, which is narrowly 
margined with brownish black; some feathers have transverse 
bands pale yellow and black: "bill yellowish white; tarsi and 
toes yellowish brown ; iris black " {Bailer). Total length about 24 
inches, wing 11, tail 9, bill 1*8, tarsus 1*75. 

Young bird. Similar to the adult in colouring. 
Nestling covered with grey down. 
Eab. New Zealand: Middle and North Island, formerly also in 

South Island. 

1 . STEINGOPS. 601 
a. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Purchased. 
(Type of species.) 
b. (J ad. sk Milford Sound, New Zealand,
March 1851. 
Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk.; d, e.
Nestl. st. 
New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
/ , g. Ad. sk.
h. Var. ad. st.
i. Skeleton.
h. Skeleton. 
New Zealand. 
New Zealand. 
Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
Capt. Stokes [P.]. 
Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
Eyton Coll. 

2. Stringops greyi. 
Strigops habroptilus, Tar., G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 101 
spec, h (1859). 
Strigops greyi, G. R. Gr. Ibis, 1802, p. 230; id. Rand-list. ii. p. 172, 

n. 8417 (1870); Hvtton, Cat. B. N. Zeal p. 18 (1871). 
Stringops greyi, Finsch, Papag. i. p. 253 (1867); Butter, Journ. 
f. 
Om. 1807, p. 323; Finsch, ibid. p. 324; id. Papag. ii. p. 941 
(18(58); Butter, Tr. fy Pr. N. Z. Inst. i. p. 109 (1808); Finsch, 
Journ. f. Orn. 1870, p. 325, 1872, p. 97; Butter, Tr. $> Pr. &. Z. 
Inst. v. p. 405 (1872); Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 222. 
Stringops 
grayi, Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 178; Gieb. Thes. 
OmAil p. 542(1877). 
Strigops habroptilus, Sharpe {nee Gray), Voy. Freb. 8f Terr., Birds, 
App. p. 23, pi. 7 (1875). 
Stringops habroptilus, var., Butter, B. New Zeal. 2nd ed. i. p. 176 
(1888). 

Type* Yery much like S. habroptilus, but with the upper surface 
bluish ; the yellow colour is paler and nearly whitish. Dimensions 
smaller than those of S. "habroptilus. 
Bab. Unknown, but no doubt some part of New Zealand. 

The dimensions cannot be given with exactitude, as the tail and 
wings are imperfect in the only known specimen, which evidently 
bad been kept in confinement, and which, according to some ornithologists, 
is only an individual variety of the common species. 

a. Ad. ? sk. New Zealand (?). * Sir G, Grey [P.], (Type of species.) 
APPENDIX, 

DOUBTFUL SPECIES OF PARROTS. 

DK. PUTSCH at the end of his ' Monograph of Parrots' gives an 
Appendix containing doubtful species which have been named and 
described by different authors ; I have been able to identify a few 
of them*, but the majority are either fabulous birds, or so badly 
described as to defy identification; still they cannot be ignored 
in a general Catalogue. I divide them for convenience' sake, as 
has been done by Dr. Finsch, into long-tailed and short-tailed 
species. 

A. Long-tailed Species. 
1. PSITTACUS ATER. 
Ararauna ou Machao, De Laet, Descr. des Jnd. Occident, p. 490 (1630). 

Ara noir, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 202 (1779). 

Black Maccaw, Lath. Syn. i. p. 206 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 110 

(1822). 

Psittacus ater, Gm. 8. K i. p. 314, n. 54 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 84, 

n. 7 (1790); JShaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 399 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. 
p. 66 (1811-12); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 94 (1820); Finsch, Papag. ii. 
p. 907 (1858). 
Blackish, with a strong gloss of green; reddish eyes and bill and yellow 
legs. 

Hab. Guiana. 

2. ARA, sp. 
Ara sp., Humboldt, Beise Aeq. Geg. $c. iv. p. 6 (1860); Finsch, Papag. ii. 

p. 935 (1868;; id. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 128. 
" In one of the huts of the Pacimonales (San Francisco Solano, on the left 
side of the Casiquiar<§) we bought an Ara, about 17 inches long, and of an 
entirely purple plumage, like the Psittacus macao." 

Dr. Finsch rightly says that if the information is correct, the bird must 
be new! 

* Psittactis gratnineus, Gm., = Tanygnathus gramineus; " Parrpt from Lord 
Howe's Island," PhilL, = Cyanorhamphis subftavescens, Salvad.; " Parroquet 
from Macaulay's Island," Phill., = Cyanorhamphus cyanurus, Salyad. 
604 APPENDIX. 

3 . PSITTACUS LEVERIAXUS. 
Crimson-vented Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 229, n. 31 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. 

ii. p. 150 (1822). 
Psittacus leverianu*, Gm. S. X i. p. 322, n. 67 (1783). Beehsf. Knrze Ueb. 
p. 72 (1811-12); Wagl Mon. Pdtt. p. 742 (ay. dub.) (1832); Fin^h, 
Papag. ii. p. 907 (1SG8). 
Psittacus erythrop\gius, Lath. lad. Orn. i. p. 94, n. 35 (1790): Shaiv. Gen. 
Zoot. viii. 2, p. 443 (1811); Tieill. X D. xxy. p. 352 (1817); KvM, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 98 (1820); Viedl. Enc. Mtth. iii. p. 1390 (1823j. 

Green ; head and neck yellow; yentscarlet; quills blue; tail-feathers tipped 
with blue; bill dusky ; tail cuneiform. Size rather large, nearly that of 

Psittacus csstivus. 
Hah. East Indies ? 


4. PSITTACUS INCARNATUS. 
Little Ked-winged Parrakeet, Edw. Glean, v. p. 53, pi. 236 (1743); Lath. 

Syn. i. p. 240 (1781). 
Psittaca indica, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 341 (1760) (ex Edwards). 
Perruche a gorge rouge, Buff. Hist. Xa*. Ois. \i. p. 137 (1779): Leraill. 

Perr. i. p. 133, pi. 46 (1801) (ex Edwards?). 

Psittacus incarnatus, Gm. S. X i. p. 327, n. 79 (1788) (ex Edwards) ; 
Lath. 2nd. Orn. i. p. 101, n. 54 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zoot. \iii 2, p. 45<> 
(1811); Bechst. Kune Ueb. p. 75 (1812); Vieill. X B. xxv. p. 348 
(1817), Ktihl, Consp. Psitt. p. 39 (1820); Vieill. Enc. Mtth. iii. p. 1&>7 
(1823); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 735 (1831); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 908 
(1868). 

Red-winged Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 171 (1822). 
Lorius incarnatus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 2, p. 132 (1826). 
PalaBornis incarnatus, Wagl. Mon. Pdit. p. 517 (1832); G. B. Gr. List 


Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 22(?)(1859); id. Hand-libt, ii. p. 143, n. 8062 
(1870). 

"The bill is formed much like those in the other Parrots, and of a light 
flesh-colour; the iris of the eye is of a very dark hazel-colour, so that ii 
appears almost black; . . . the eye is placed in a plat of bare skin of a whitish 
colour. Immediately beneath the bill it hath a little spot of fine red or scarlet 
feathers ; the remainder of the head and neck is of a full grass-green colour, as 
are the back, rump, and tail; the greater quills are of a dark green colour; all 
the coyert-feathers of the wings are of a reddish colour, except the smaller 
feathers round the ridges of the wings, which are green ; the breast, belly, 
thighs, and coyert-feathers beneath the tail are of a lighter green, and more 
inclining to yellow than those on the upper side of the bird ; the legs and feet 
are of a light flesh-colour; the toes are disposed as in other Parrots " (Edwards). 

Dimensions (taken from Edwards' figure): total length 7 | inches, wing 2*9, 

middle tail-feathers 4, outer tail-feathers 1$, culmen 0*5 (Finsch). 
Hob. Unknown. 
Edwards mentions two specimens of this bird, one of which was said to be 

from East Indies. Wagler thought that it might belong to the genus Siffacef 
and compares it with hittace tirica. Dr. Finsch thinks that it is probably a 
Brotogerys, haying the naked circle round the eyes ; he finds that it has a great 
resemblance to B. tziipara. 

5, PSITTACUS PARVUS. 

Psittacus parvus, Bontius, Hist. 2sat. et Med. 2nd. Orient, p. 631, with fig. • 

Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 909 (1868), 
Psittacus parvus Bontii, Willughb. Orn. p. 81. 
Psittaca javensis cristata coceinea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 381 (1760). 
Perruche huppee, Buff. Hist. Fat, Ois. vi. p. 160 (1779). 


APPENDIX. 605 

Crested Eed-Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 233, n. 25 (1781): id. Gen. Hist. 

ii. p. 141 (1822). 
Psittacus javanicus, Gm. (nee auct.) S. N. I p. 319, n. 64 (1788): Bechst. 
Kurze Ueb. p. 71 (1811-12). 
Psittacus bontii, Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 92, n. 29 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. 

viii. 2, p. 453 (18L1); Fieill. N. D. xxv. p. 349 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. 
iii. p. 1388 (1823). 
Scarlet; throat grey; fore neck and breast rose-eolour; wings and scapulars 
varied with green ; the outer tail-feathers rose-coloured, with blue tips; bill and 
legs grey; tail very long. Size of a Lark. 


Hah. Java. 
Both Wagler and G-. R Gray identify this bird with Charmosyna papuensis I 


6. PSITTACUS FORMOSUS. 
Psittacus f orinosus, Scop. Annus I. Hist. Nat. p. 30 (1769); Finsch, Papaq. 

ii. p 910 {1868). 
Green-yellow; forehead blue, shoulders red; size of Columba domestica; 
breast and abdomen with narrow dark cross lines; the feathers of the legs (?) 
yellow at the tip; two middle tail-feathers entirely red ; hind neck red. 

Eab. ? 

7. PSITTACUS JAPONICUS. 
Psittacus erythrochlorus rnacrourus, Aldrov. Orn. i. p. 678, icon. p. G81. 
Psittaca japonensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 3(52 (1760). 
Pbittacus japonicus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 141, n. 8 (1766); Gm. S. N. i. p. 315 


n. 8 (1788); Lath. bid. Orn. i. p. 86, n. 12 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. 
viii. 2, p. 417 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 67 (1811-12); Fieill. N. D. 
xxv. p. 359 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 97 (1820); Fkill. Enc. Math. 
iii. p. 1394 (1823); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 910 (1868). 
Pet-ruche verte et rouge, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 159 (1779). 
Japanese Parrot, Lath. Syn. i. p. 209, n. 12 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 
p. 114 (1822). 
Both Wagler and G-. E. Gray identify the bird described by Aldrovandus 
with Charmosyna papuensis. 

8. PSITTACUS PALLIDUS. 
Psittacus pallidus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 258 (—?); Lath. St/n. Suppl. ii. 

p. 84 (1802); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 471 (1811); Fieill. N. I), xxv. 
p. 374 (1817); id. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 912 (1823); Wagl. Mon. Psitt. 
p. 742 (av. dub.) (1832); Finsch, Papay. ii. p. 912 (1808). 
Pale Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 145 (1822). 
" Yellow Parrakeet, with whitish wings slightly tinctured with rose-colour 
and with a cast of greenish according to the direction of the light. Length 
about 6 inches." (Shaw.) 

Hab. New Holland ? 
This is, according to Dr. Finsch, an albino of a species belonging to the genus 


Euphema. 

9. PSITTACUS NIGPJCOLLIS. 
Psittacus nigricollis, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. xxii, n. 8 (1802); Shaw, Gen. 
Zool. viii. 2, p. 443 (1811); Fieill. N. D. xxv. p. 363 (1817); Kuhl, 
Consp. Psitt. p. 94 (1820); Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1397 (1823); Wagl. 
Mon. Psitt. p. 743 (1832); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 912 (1868). 

Bluck-necked Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 90, n. 17 (1802); id. Gen. 
Hist. ii. p. 158 (1822). 

Size of Pat'ceomis alexandri, but with shorter tail; bill black; general colour 

606 APPENDIX. 

green; forehead and region round the eyes lemon-yellow; throat, breast, 
wings, and tail black ; lores and a line on each side of the neck white ; small 
wing-coverts blue; tail cuneated ; tail-feathers externally washed with green 

Hob. Brazil? 

Dr. Finsch thinks this is an artificial specimen. 

10. PSITTACUS VERTICALIS. 
Psittacus verticalis, Lath. Syn. SuppL ii. p. xxii, n. 9 (1S02); Shaw, Gen 

Zool. viii. 2, p. 418 (1811); Vieill. N. B. xxv. p. 359 (1817); Kuhl 

Consp. Psitt p. 100 (1820); Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1394 (1823); JVagl. 

Mon. Psitt. p. 741 (av. dub.) (1832); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 913 (1*138). 

Red-topped Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 369 (1802); id. Gen. Hid. ii. 

p. 182 (1822). 
Green, with the middle of the crown red; quills blue ; bill large, blue, with 
a black tip. Length 18 inches. 

Hob. New Holland. 

Dr. Latham notices that this bird is most allied to the Pacific Parrakeet, 
but seems to be nearly twice the size. 

11. RoSE-FRONTED PARROT. 
Rose-fronted Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hid. ii. p. 186 (1822); Finsch, Papag. ii. 

p. 913 (1868). 
" Length eight inches and a half. Bill dusky pale flesh-colour; forehead 
and round the bill above obscure rosy buff; cheeks and chin dusky pale green; 
plumage above full green, beneath yellow-green ; rump and under wing-coverts 
blue-green; quills dusky, edged outwardly with green ; tail cuneiform, the two 
middle feathers nearly five inches long, and project one inch and three quarters 
beyond the adjoining ones, which are two inches and three quarters long, the 
rest graduate in proportion to the outmost, which is only one inch and a half ; 
the two middle are chiefly blue, with pale tips, the others green, the inner webs 
more or less yellow ; quills long, and reach to where the two middle feathers 
extend beyond the others ; legs brown, claws pale." {Latham.) 

Probably a young bird 

12. CRDISOX-CROWXED PARRAKEET. 
Crimson-crowned Parrakeet, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 419 (1811): ^ Lath. 
Gen. Hist. ii. p. 184 (1822). 

"Size [of Tabuan Parrakeet, to which it seems extremely allied; colour 
similar, except that the crown of the head alone is of a rich scarlet; across the 
shoulders a pale green bar, as in the Tabuan; rump blue/' (Shaw.) 

Hah. New Holland. 

Shaw's description seems to apply to a specimen of Aprosmkius cyanopygius 

(Vieill.); Latham's description differs somewhat, and cannot be welTidentified. 

13. OHLOROTIC PARROT. 
Chlorotic Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 144 (1822); Finsch, Papaq. ii. 

p. 914 (1868). 
" Length fourteen inches or more. Bill pale; irides hazel; plumage on the 
head, upper parts of the body, wings, and tail pale greenish yellow, shafts of 
the feathers white; throat and breast pale red, growing deeper on the belly and 
vent, so as to appear quite red, but the feathers of the last margined with dull 
yellow at the ends, appearing like crescents, rump tinged with red ; tail cuneiform, 
greenish yellow, with a light tinge of scarlet at the end; legs black." 

(Latham.) 

According to Dr. Finsch, perhaps a variety of some species of the genu3 

Platycerous. 

APPENDIX. 607 

14. CRIMSON AKD YELLOW PARROT. 
Crimson and Yellow Parrot, Lath. Gen. Hist ii. p. 143 (1822): Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 914 (1868). 

" length nineteen inches. Bill deep orange, margined with black; under 
mandible black; head, neck, and underparta fine crimson ; quills white ; vent 
buff-yellow, the feathers margined with crimson; tail cuneiform, pale vellow.' 

{Laifoiiti.) 

According to Dr. Finsch, a variety of a species of the genus Platycercus. 

15. JAY-WINGED LORY. 
Jar-winged Lory, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 130 (1822); Finsch, Papaa. ii, 

p. 915(1808). J 
iloat likely, according to Dr. Finseh, an artificial specimen of a red Lory 
with feathers of a Jay. 

16. PSITTACUS CAHTATUS. 
Lori Perrache de la Mer du Sud, Virey in Sonn. edit. Buff. 
Psittacus capitatus, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 466 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt p. 100 (IS20). 
Bed-hooded Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 136 (1822); Finsch, Papar/. 

ii. p. 915 (1808). 
Yellow-olive, with red head and breast and blue quills and tail-feathers ; 
bill and legs grey. Length between 7 and 8 inches. 
Hub. Southern Islands. 

17. PAPUAN LORY, yar. 
Papuan Lory, var. D, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 126 (1S22); Finsch, Papag. 

ii. p. 915 (1868). 
Bed; pileum blue; the middle of the back yellowish; before the thigh 
yellow; the abdomen blue; the upper and the under tail coverts red; tail 
green, with the apical part 2 inches wide, yellowish ; bill red; feet dark grey. 
Total length 9 inches; tail cuneated. 


According to Dr. Finsch, not a variety of Ghannosyna papuensis. 

18. PSITTACUS BUCCALIS. 
La Perruche a joues grises, Levaitt. Verr. i. p. 188, pi. 67 (1801). 
Psittacus buccalis, Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 83, pi. 10 (ex Levaill.) (1811-12); 
Kuhl, Consp. Psitt p. 26 (1820); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 916 (1868). 
Psittacus cmereicollis, Vieill N. J), xxv. p. 365 (ex Levaill.) (1817); id. 

Enj. Meih. iii. p. 1399 (1823). 
Aratinga buccalis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 139 (1826). 
JSittace murma, junior, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 639 (1832). 


Wagler, Gray, and JReichenow agree in considering the bird described and 
figured by Levaillant as the young of Myopsittacus monachus. Dr. Finsch 
thinks that it cannot be identified. 

19. PSITTACUS, sp. 
Psittacus cornutus, Bechst. {nee Gm.) Kurze Uebers. p. 78 (Anmerkung) 
(1811-12); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 917 (1868). 

Forehead and margin of the blue cheeks red; head yellow, mixed with 
red and green; hind neck dark green, mixed with yellow; edge of the sea


608 APPENDIX. 

pulars and some of the under wing-coverts blue, the other wing-coverts 
brownish with dark green edges; uropygiuin (?) golden green; throat blue; 
the rest of the nnderparts yellow; outer quills ash-grey, tinged with dark 
blue; the long graduated tail ashy grey at the base, the feathers edged with 
blue on the outer web, and turning to whitish towards the tips; bill strong, 
with a short hook, dark at the base, pale at the tip. 

Perhaps a Platyoercus. 

20. PYREHUEA CHIEIPEPE. 
Chiripepe^ Azara, Apmit. Hist. Nat. Paraq. i. p. 429, n. 281 (1803); id. 
Voy. (ed. Sonn.) iii. p. 65 (1809); Berk Jour. f. Orn. 1887, p. 25. 
Psittacus chiripepe, VieilL iV". D. xxv. p. 351 (1817); id. Eric. Meth. iii. 

p. 1396 (1823); Fimch, Papag. ii. 2, p. 917 (1868). 
Chiripepe Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 191 (1832). 
Sittace chiripepe, Wagl. Mon. Pbitt. p. 644 (1832). 
Conurus chiripepe, G. B. Gr. Gm. B. ii. p. 413, n. 20 (1845) ; Hartl.Lnd. 
Azar. Apnnt. p. 18 (1847); G. R. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. MILS. p. 42 

(1859). 
Microsittace cheripepe, Bp. Bev. eh Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 55. 
Pyrrhura chiripepe, Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Gonsp. Psitt. n. 45 ; G. B. Gr. 

Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8142 (1870). 
Conurus vittatus, Berl. {neo Shaw) Jour. f. Orn. 1887, pp. 25, 121 
(Paraguay). 

Green; throat, neck, ears, and lower abdomen carmine-brown; on the lower 
breast a red spot, and another on the abdomen ; tail red on the upper surface, 
mixed with yellow; on the forehead a narrow brown band ; the wing outside 
blue; bill and feet blackish ; the skin round the eyes whitish. Total length 
9J", tail 4£", tarsus 8"'. 

Hah. Paraguay. 
D'Azara's description is incomplete and obscure. 
According to Graf v. Berlepsch, the Paraguayan bird is very likely different 


from the Brazilian Pyrrhura vittata (Shaw). 

21. PYRRHURA BERYLLINA. 
Pyrrhura beryllina, Mass. et Souance, fide Bp. Naumannia, 1856, Con^p. 
Psitt. n. 37 (descr. nulla); Fimch, Papag. ii. 2, p. 919 (1808); G B. Gr 
Hand-list, ii. p. 149, n. 8138 (1870), 

Conurus beryllinus, G. R. Gr. Lzst Psitt. Brit. Mas. p. 40 (18o9). 

It seems that Massena and Souance never mentioned a Parrot under the 
above name, and no description of it has been given either by Bonaparte or 
anybody else. 

22. CONURUS FLAVIVENTRIS. 
Maracana cabeza y encuentro rosos, Azara, Apunt. Hist. Nat. Paraa i 

p. 418, n. 276 (1803). y' ' 
Maracana a tete et pli de l'aile rouges, Azara. Voir. (ed. Sonn ) iii n 50 
(1809). •; -i -
Sittace flaviventris, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 658 (1832) (ex Azara)-Gieb 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 495 (1877). J> 
Psittacara flaviventris, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 150, n. 23. 
Conurus flaviventris, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 413, n. 6 (1845) \ Hartl. 
Lid. Azara Apmit. p. 17 (1847); G. B. Gr. List Psitt. Brit Mils, p 32 
(1859); Finsoh, Papag. ii. p. 918 (1868); G. B. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 146 

n. 8096 (1870). l 
Green; abdomen yellow ; forehead to the middle of the head, a spot on the 
small wing-coverts, the bend and the edge of the wing bright red ; rest of the 
wing-coverts green; the quills above green, for the greater part violet, under


APPENDIX. 
609 

neath malachite-green: naked skin round the eyes bluish white; feet grey; 
irides yellow. Size of G. pavm. Total length from the tip of the bill to the 
base of the tail 6", tibia 24m. (From AzaraJ) 

Hah. Paraguay. 
Perhaps, according to Dr. Finsch, a variety of 0. pavua; it seems allied to 


C. froniatus, Cab. 
23. BROTOGERYS (?) SOSOVE. 
Petite Perruche de Cayenne, JD'Aubent. PL Enl. 456. f. 2. 
Psittacus cajenneus, Mull. S. K Suppl. p. 81 (nee p. 78) (1776); Cass. 

Pr. Acad. Philad. 1864, p. 241. 
Le Sosove, Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. vi. p. 280 (1779). 
Cayenne Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. p. 320, n. 130 (1781); id. Gen. 

Hist. ii. p. 260 (1822). 
Psittacus notatus, Bodd. (nee Mull) Tabl. PI. Enl p. 27 (1783) (ex PL 
EnL 456. f. 2). 
Psittacus sosove, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 352, n. 138 (1788); Lath. Bid. Orn. i. 

p. 134, n. 159 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool viii. 2, p. 552 (1811); Bechst. 
Kitrze JJeb. p. 86 (1811-12); Vieill K B. xxv. p. 380 (1817); id. Enc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1410, pi. 130. f. 7 (1823); Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 634 (1832). 
Aratinga sosove, part., Bteph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 136 (1826). 
Conurus tuipara, var. notatus, G. JR. Gr. List Psitt. Brit. Mus. p. 46 

(1859). 
Brotogerys tuipara, var., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 105 (1868). 
Brotogerys tuipara, var. cayenneus, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 150 (1870). 

Green ; primary-coverts and upper tail-coverts yellow. Size of Brotogerys 
tui (Gm.). 
Hah. Cayenne (?). 


Obs. DAubenton figured and BufFon described this bird, which the latter 
said was common in Cayenne, especially towards the Oyapok, and on the 
Amazons ; as it has not again been found, it must remain a doubtful 
species. 


24. PSITTACUS PEREGRINUS. 
Peregrine Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 62 (1802); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 193 (1822). 
Psittacus peregrinus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 105, n. 67 (1790); Shaw, Gen. 
Zool. viii. 2, p. 469 (1811); JBechsi. Kitrze Uebers. p. 80 (1811); Vieill. 
JSf. B. xxv. p. 355 (1817); KM, Consp. Psitt. p. 100 (1820); Vieill. 
Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1392 (1823); Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 744 (1832) (av. 
dub.); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 869 (1868). 

Trichoglossus 
peregrinus, G. B. Gr. Gat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 33 (1859); id. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 156, n. 8231 (1870). 

" Size rather bigger than the Guinea Parrakeet. Length 8 inches. Bill red ; 
general colour of the plumage green, beneath inclining to yellow; the middle 
of the wing-coverts pale brown, appearing as a broad band down the wing; tail 
short, cuneiform; legs of a pale red." (Latham.) 

Hah. South Sea Islands. 
It has been supposed that this bird is the young of Psittacus palmarum, Gm. 


25. PSITTACUS LINEATUS. 
Psittacus lineatus, Linn. S. N. iii. App. p. 223 (1767); Gm. S. N. i. p. 329, 

n. 48 (1788): Lath. Bid. Orn. i. p. 104, n. 64 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. 
viii. 2, p. !459 (1811); Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 29 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt. p. 101 (1820); Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 744(1832) (av. dub.); Finsch, 
Papag. ii. 869 (1868). 
Lineated Parrakeet, 
Lath. Syn. i. p. 252 (1781); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 178 
(1822). 
TOL. XX. 2 R 

610 APPENDIX. 

Size of a Dove. General colour green, but yellower beneath; the quills are 

own beneath, with the inner margins very pale, which gives the appearance 
of the wing being longitudinally striped with pale lines; tail cuneiform, a little 
longer than the body. 

Sab. Uncertain. 
It has been supposed that the above description applies to Psittacus palmarum, 
Gm., but the dimensions do not agree. 

26. CHARMOSYNA SAMOENSIS. 
Oharmosyna samoensis, Hartl. Orn. Centr.-Polyn., Einleit. p. xxi (1867); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 233 (1868). 

Size of a Sparrow; red and green, with the tail four times as long as the 
body, red. 
Sab. Olajava (=Samoa). 
Described by Kotzebue, Neue Eeise urn die Welt, 1823-26, i. p. 154 (1830). 

27. TRICHOGLOSSUS, sp. 
Trichoglossus (Lorius ?), sp inc., Layard, Ibis, 1878, pp, 274, 280 (Santo). 

"With a red breast, and about the size of Lorius solitarius of Fiji" (Layard). 
Eab. Santo, 3S"ew Hebrides. 

B. Short-tailed Species. 
STAYOBINUS.
Stavorinius, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 4 (1850)
Stavorinus, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, gen. 58 . 
T 
S. paraguamis. 
S. paraguanus. 
28. STAVORINUS PARAGUANUS. 

Paragua, Marcgr. Hist. Bras. ix. p. 207 (1648); Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. vi. 

p. 248 (1779); Licit Abh. k. AJc. Wiss. Bert 1816-17, p. 167. 
Lorius brasiliensis, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 229 (1760). 
Paraguan Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 277, n. 83 (1781); id. Gen. Hist ii. 
p. 232 (1822). 
Psittacus paraguanus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 336, n. 104 (1788); Lath. Bid. Orn. 
i. p. 117, n. 105 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 532 (1811); Bechsf 
Lath. Ueb. p. 94 (1811-12); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 818 (1817); Kuhl, 
Consp. Bsitt. p. 95 (1820); Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1366 (1823); Desrn. 
Diet. So. Nat. xxxix, p. 128 (1826); HaJm, Orn. Atl, Papag. p. 93 t 72 
(1840); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 920 (1868). ' 
Psittacodis paragua, Wagl.Mon. Psitt. ^. 574 (syn. emend.), t. xxiii. (1832). 
Eclectus paragua, G. B\ Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 418, n. 3 (syn. emend.) (1845),* 
Eclectus paraguanus, part., G, B. Gr. List Psitt Brit. Mas. p. 67 (1859).* 
Stavorinius paragua, Bp. Consp, Av. i. p. 4 (syn. emend.) (1850). 
Stavorinus paragua, Bp. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1854, p. 155, n. 247; id. 

Naitmannia, 1856, Consp. Psitt. n. 259 (partim ?). 
Psittacodis stavorinus, part., G, R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 154 n 8197 
(1870). ' " 

Shining black; middle of the back, breast, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts 
red; some of the tibial feathers yellowish: bill blackish ; feet white-grey; round 
the eyes red; iris grey-brown. Size of Eclectics grandis. 

Hab. Brazil! 
This bird has much the appearance of Basyptiluspesgueti (Less.). 


29. PSITTACUS GUINEENSIS. 
Yellow-breasted Lory, Lath. Syn. i. p. 276, n. 82 (1781) (ex Miller): id 
Gen. Hist ii. p. 231 (1822). J 

APPENDIX. 611 

Psittaeus guineensis, Mill Illustr. t. xxix. (17— ?); Gm. 8. N. i. p. 336, 

n. 103 (1788); Lath. lnd. Orn. i. p. 116, n. 104 (1790); Show, Gen. 
ZooL viii. 2, p. 541 (1811); BechsL Kurze Ueb. p. 94 (1811-12); Vieill. 
X B. xxv. p. 312 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 97 (1820); Waal. 
Mon. Psitt. p. 611 (1832); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 921 (1868). 
Psittaeus guianensis (err.), Vieill Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1366 (1823). 

" Bill black; cere white; throat and round the eye the same; above the 
eye a patch of yellow ; rest of the head and neck crimson ; the breast is yellow; 
wing-coverts green (edged with yellow); quills blue, edged with yellow ; under 
the wings, belly, thighs, vent, and underpart of the tail white; the tips of the 
last red ; legs dusky ; claws black." {Latham.) 

" In h abits G uinea." (Miller.) 
Most likely an artificial bird. 


30. PSITTACUS MEXICANUS. 
Avis de coco, Psittaci species Mexicana vario colore, 8eba, Thes. i. p. 94, 

t. lix. f. 2 (1734). 
Psittacula Mexicana cristata, JBriss. Orn. iv. p. 405 (1760); Gerini, Om. 
ii. t. cxxxi. (1769). 
Crested Mexican Parrot, Lath. 8yn. i. p. 322, n. 133 (1781); id. Gen. 
Hid. ii. p. 278 (1822). 
Psittaeus mexicanus, Gin. 8. N. i. p. 352, n. 141 (1788); Lath. Lnd. Orn. 

i. p. 135, n. 162 (1790); BechsL Kurze Ueb. p. 86; Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. 
p. 97 (av. dub.) (1820); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 922 (1868). 
Although Dr. Finsch declares that it is very doubtful if this is a Parrot at 
all, I should say, after having inspected Gerini's plate, that it is certainly a 
made-up bird, most likely a Cockatoo, artificially coloured. 

31 . PSITTACUS ERYTIIROCHLORUS. 
Psittaeus erythroehlorus cristatus, Aldrov. Orn. i. p. 682 (with fig.). 
Psittacula cristata, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 404 (1760). 
Crested red and green Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. i. p. 321, n. 132 (1781); id. 

Gen. Hist ii. p. 277 (1822). 

Psittaeus erythroehlorus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 352, n. 140 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Om. i. p. 134, n. 161 (1790); Shaw, Gen. ZooL viii. 2, p. 551 (1811); 
BechsL Kurze Ueb. p. 86 (1811-12); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 922 (1868). 

Green; wings, tail, and crest red; tail short. Size of a Blackbird. 
A fabulous bird. 


32 . PSITTACUS CiERULEOCBPnALUS. 
Psittaeus versicolor seu erythrocyanus, Aldrov. Orn. i. p. 675. 
? Psittaeus violaceus, Barr. Orn. Class, iii. Gen. ii. sp. 10. 
Psittaeus Guianensis cseruleus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 304 (1760). 
Psittaeus cseruleocephalus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 143, n. 28 (1760); Gm.S.N 


i. p. 336, n 28 (1788); Lath. lnd. Orn. i. p. 117, n. 106 (1790); Bechst. 
Kurze Ueb. p. 94 (1811-12); Vieill. N. B. xxv. p. 326 (1817); id. Enc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1373, pi. 2'M f. 1 (1823); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 924 (1868). 
Le Crick rouge et bleue, Buff. Hist. Ois. vi. p. 226 (1779). 
Bed and blue Parrot, Lath. 8yn. i. p. 277, n. 84 (1781) ; id. Gen. Hist. ii. 


p. 232, with var. A (?) (1822). 
Head, neck, and breast blue; in the middle of the crown a yellow spot; 
back blue; lower back and sides yellow; abdomen, upper and under tail-
coverts green ; wing-coverts green, mixed with yellow and rose-colour; quills 
and tail rose-colour. Total length 9 inches. 

A bird mentioned by Aldrovandus, but quite unknown to more modern 
naturalists. 

APPENDIX. 

33 . PSITTACUS UNICOLOR. 
Le Perroquet Lori unicolor, Levaill. Perr. ii. p. 131, pi. 125 (1805). 

Psittacus unicolor, Shaw, Gen. Zool. viii. 2, p. 538 (1811) (ex Zevaillant) ; 
Bechst. Kurse Ueb. p. 93. pi. 15 (1811-12); Vieill K D. xxv. p. 338 
(1817); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 39 (1820); Vieill Enc. Meth. ill p. 1381 
(1823); Cuv. Begn. An. i. p. 465 (lb29); Voigt, Cuv. Uebers. p. 744 
(1831); Waql Mon. Psitt. p. 745 (av. dub.) (1832); Finsch, Papag. 

ii. p. 924 (1868); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. i. p. 268 (1880). 
Unicolor Lory, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 227 (1822). ^ 
Lorius unicolor, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 132 (1826). 
Eos unicolor, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 20 (1849); id. list Pbitt. Brit. 
Mus. p. 52 (1859); id. Hand-list, ii. p. 154, n. 8204 (1870). 
Lorius ruber (part.), Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 123 (1864). 


Entirely red ; even the bill is red. Size of Lorius garrulus. 
Hob. Moluccas (?). 
Very likelj a variety of E. rubra. 


34 . PSITTACUS CCKVICALIS. 
Eed-naped Parrakeet, Lath. Syn. SuppL i. p. G6 (1787); id. Gen. Hist. ii. 

p. 264 (1822). 
Psittacus cervicalis, Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 130, n. 145 (1790); Bechst Kurse 
Ueb. p. 82 (1811-12); Vieill. JS\ B. xxv. p. 377(1817); Kuhl, Con.yj. 
Psitt. p. 93 (18-20); Vieill. Enc. Meth. iii. p. 1408 (1823); Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 925 (1868). 

Le Perroquet Langlois, Levaill. Perr. ii. p. 161, pi. 136 (1805). 
Psittacus nuchalis, Shaw, Nat. Misc. xxi. pi. 9 L3 (1789-1813) {ex Leiuillant); 
id. Gen. Hist. viii. 2, p. 543 (1811). 
Psittacus erythrothorax, Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 102, pi. 19 {ex Zevaillant) 
(1811-12). 
Psittacus Langloisi, Vieill. K P. xxv. p. 312 (1817); id. Enc. Mith. iii. 

p. 1306 (1823). 
Eos cervicalis (part.), Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 561 (1832); G. R. Gr. Gen, B. 
ii. p. 417, n. 7 (partim) (1845). 
Trichoglossus 
cervicalis, Bp. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 27 ; G. B. Gr. List Puff. 
Brit. Mus. p. 62 (syn. emend.) (1859) ; id. Hand-list, ii. p. 156, n. 8223 
(1870). 

Green; forehead, a band on the nape, lower throat, and breast red. Total 
length 8 inches. 
Dr. Finsch suspects that this is an artificial bird ; but it must be remembered 
that the bird was known to Latham long before Levaillant. 

35. PSITTACUS DUEIUS. 
Dubious Parrot, Lath. Syn. SuppL i. p. 62 (1787); id. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 158 
(1822). 
Psittacus dubius, Lath. Bid. Orn. i. p. 97, n. 44 (1790); Shaw, Gen. Zool. 

viii. 2, p. 465 (1811); Bechst Kurse Ueb. p. 94 (lhll-12); Vieill. X. D. 
xxv. p. 374 (1817); Kahl, Consp. Psitt. p. 101 (1820); Vieill. Enc. 
Meth. iii. p. 1405 (1823); Wagl Mon. Psitt. p. 744 (av. dub.) (1832); 
Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 926 (1868). 
" Pill and legs pale horn-colour, from the base to the eye and round the last 
bare and of the same colour; head and chin green; the whole neck pale 
rufous; upper parts of the body and wings green; underparts the same, but 
paler; the outer edge of the bastard-wing and quills blue; tail cuneiform, 
but short, the colour a yellowish green ; the four middle feathers blue at the 
ends, where they are pointed in shape; the four outer ones OR each side tipped 
with brown." (Latham.) 

Hob. Uncertain. 
Latham's description was taken from a specimen in the British Museum. 


APPENDIX. 
613 

36. PsiTTACULA PICTA. 
Leona Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. EM. ii. p. 263 (1822). 
Poliopsitta picta, Earth MS. ?; Bp>. Naumannia, 1856, Consp. Psith n. 227; 


G. E. Gr. Ea?id-Ust, ii. p. 161. n. 8371 (1870). 
Agapornis picta, Earth Si/st. Orn. West-Afr. p. 169 (1857); id. Journ.f. 
Oni. 1861, p. 262; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 85. 
Psittacula 
picta, G. R. Gr. List Psiit. Brit. Mm. p. 90 (1859); Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 926 (1868). 

A doubtful species, perhaps referable to Agapornis swmdereniana. 

37. CRIMSON-BANDED PARROT. 
Crimson-banded Parrot, Lath. Gen. Eist. ii. p. 254 (1822); Finsch, Papaq. 

ii. p. 927 (1868). 
"Length 8 inches. Bill pale red; plumage chiefly olive or yellow-green; 
forehead crimson, passing on each side and surrounding the eye; below on the 
ears a crimson spot; edge of the wing within crimson; the outer as far as 
the middle the same, but broader, occupying one-third of the breadth of the 
wing ; greater quills deep violet-purple, margined outwardly with green ; tail 
rounded, olive-green ; abOAe the knees a mixture of crimson, as a garter; legs 
brownihh flesh-colour." (Latham.) 

Eab. Unknown. 

Described from a drawing by a Mr. Woodford. 

38. BLUE-PACED PARRAKEET. 
Blue-faced Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Eist. ii. p. 271 (1822); Finsch, Papag. 

ii. p. 928 (1868). 
" Length 5 inches. Bill and legs pale red ; plumage green ; face, including 
the eyes and chin, pale blue; beneath this the throat is crimson-red ; greater 
quills pale blue; secondaries the same, but crimson more than halfway from 
the base, forming a spot on the wing; tail green, a little rounded, the end 
for more than one-third yellow. 

" A second specimen had the whole face, chin, and throat blue; under the 
eye, on each jaw, a pale blue patch; wings and tail as in the other, but the 
yellow at the end of the latter occupies less space, and the interior webs of 
some of the inner feathers are pale blue. 

" In a third the whole front is crimson; nape and neck behind pale blue ; 
the patch on the jaws red; tail wholly green, the end not yellow." (Latham.) 

Eab. Unknown. 

Described from a drawing by a Mr. Woodford. 

39. BLTJE-BACKED PARROT. 
Blue-backed Parrot, Lath. Ge?i. Eist. ii. p. 272 (1822); Finsch, Papaq. 

ii. p. 928 (18158). 
" Length 5 inches. Bill pale; plumage green; the greater wing-coverts deep 
blue, forming an oblique large spot on the wing; the lower half of the back, 
for an inch or more, deep blue; several of the middle feathers margined with 
orange; feathers of the rump duskj% with green margins; upper tail-covei 1 s 
orange; legs dusky." (Latham.) 

Eab. Brazil. 

" It seems to approach in general marking to the Passerine." (Latham.) 

APPENDIX. 

40. SHORT-TAILED PARRAKEET. 
Short-tailed Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 274 (1822) ; Finsch, Papag. 
ii p. 929 (1868). 

" Length to the ramp 4 inches ; bill § of an inch. The colour of dirty bos ; 
the upper mandible more straight than usual in the genus, elongated at the 
point, but very little bent, the under reaching to about half the length; 
plumage in general fine light grass-green, inclining to brown on the wing-
coverts ; rump dusky crimson ; tail scarcely half an inch long; from the base 
to the middle blue, the rest white; legs pale brown." (Latham.) 

Bab. Unknown. 
Described from a drawing by a Mr. Woodford. 


41. OHRYSOTIS CHLOEIS. 
JSeuer Amazonen-Papagei, Sacc. in Weinland's Zoolog. Garten, 1864, p. 21 ; 
Flnsch, Papag. ii. p. 390 (1868). 
Ohrysotis chloris, Flnsch, ibid. 

Size of a Fowl. Green, above darker; below more yellow ; the inner series 
of the marginal wing-coverts red ; tail-feathers green at the base, with a large 
red spot in the middle, at the end yellow-green; bill white at the base, black 
at the tip. 

Not sufficiently described. 

42. PsiTTACUS GERINI. 
Psittacus Brasiliensis viridis capite albo, Gerini, Orn. i. p. 95, t. cix. (1767). 
Psittacus gerini, Lath. Lid. Orn. i. p. 119, n. 112 (1790); Bechst. Kurze 


Xleh. p. 96 (1811-12); VieillN.B. xxv. p. 311 (1817); Kuhl, Consp. 
Psitt. p. 95 (1820); Vieill. Enc. Meth. Hi. p. 1365 (1823); Fhnsck, 
Papag. ii. p. 518 (1868). 

Gerini's Parrot, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 93, n. 23 (1802); id. Gen. HU. 

ii. p. 236 (1822). 
Psittacus leucocephalus, var. 8, Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p. 600 (1832;; Hahn, 
Om. Atl, Papag. p. 76 (1836). 

Green, the feathers edged with blackish; head entirely white; small wing-
coverts, some of the primaries, and the base of the tail red. 
The bird figured by Gerini, according to Dr. Finsch, is a variety of Ohrysotis 
collaria, but it appears to me to be quite different. 


43. OHRYSOTIS PRISCA. 
Ohrysotis prisca, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 79. 
Ohrysotis priscus, Albrecht, Jour. f. Orn. 1862, p. 203. 


Tinder the above name Dr. Sclater has designated a certain Chrysofts, from 
which the four species G. collaria, O. leucocephala, O. sallei, and O. vittata, 
inhabiting as many West-Indian Islands, are supposed to have been evolved. 

44. PSITTACUS CYAKOLEXTS. 
Psittacus oyanolenus, Megen, Verhandl. der Leap.-Carol. Acad., Suppl16te Bande, p. 95 (1834); Fhnsch. Papag. ii. p. 930 (1868). 

Similar to P. gamdus, from which it differs only in having blue wings. Yery 
common in China. 
The bird mentioned by Meyen, according to Dr. Pinseh, may be Aprosmictus 
hypophonncs or a variety of Lorins garrulus, brought alive to China. 

A^PE^DIX. 615 

45. PSITTACUS, Sp. 
Psittacus levaillantii, Rilpp. (nee Kichl) Mue Wirbelth. p. 63 (1835); id. 
Seise in Abyssinieti, i. p. 399 (1838); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 931 (1868). 
Pionus vaillanti ?, Rilpp. Syst Uebers. p. 95 (1815). 

Dr. Rhppell says that he once saw in Abyssinia, at an elevation of 12,000 
feetj a white Parrot with red wings ! 

46. PSITTACUS CHLOEIS. 
Psittacus chloris, Licht. Isis, 1818, p. 11; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 931 (1868). 

A name used by Lichtenstein in his ' Preisverzeichniss von Thieren/ 

47. PARROT, sp. 
Griin Papagei mit rothera Kopfe, Hecquard, Pteise an die Kiiste u. in das 
Innere von West-Afr. p. 242 (1854); Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 932 (1868). 

48. HOOFFY PARRAKBET. 
Hooffy Parrakeet, Lath. Gen. Hist. ii. p. 278 (1822); Finsch, Papag. ii. 

p. 932 (1868). 
Hah. j^ooffy, interior of Africa. 
Only mentioned and not described. 


49. PARROT, sp. 
Little green, yellow-shouldered Parrot, Livingst. Miss. Travels, p. 239 
(1857). 
Grun Papagei mit gelbem Nacken (!), Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 932 (1868). 

Hab. Interior of South Africa (R. Lecambye). 

50. PARROT, sp. 
Mittelgrosser Papagei griin, mit grosser Haube, Heuglin, fide Finsch, 
Papag. ii. p. 932 (1868). 

Rob. Eitsch-JNeger Land, interior of Africa. 

51. PARROT, sp. 
Paieornis?, sp. Heugl.,fide Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 933 (1868). 

Green ; abdomen orange; bill black. 
Hab. North-east Africa, along the Bahr-el-Abiad. 
Perhaps identical with Pyocephalus senegalas. 


52. PSITTACUS TARABE. 
Tardbe brasiliensibus, Marcqr. Hist. Bras. ix. p. 207 (1648); Licht. Abh. d, 

Bert. Akad. 1816-17, p. 168. 
Psittacus Brasiliensis erythrocephalos, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 240 (1760). 
Tarabe, ou Amazone a tete rouge, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. vi. p. 211 (1779). 
Red-headed Amazons Parrot, Lath. Byn. i. p. 295 (1781); id. Gen. Hist 

ii. p. 250(1822). 
Psittacus taraba, Gm. S. N. i. p. 344, n. 123 (1788). 
Psittacus tarabe, Lath. hid. Orn. i. p. 125, n. 124 (1790); Bechst. Kurze 
Ueb. p 97 (1811-12); Vkitt. K I), xxv. p. 321 (1817); Kuhl Consp. 
Psitt. p. 96 (1820); Vtiitt. $nc. Meth. iii. p. 1371 (1823); Finsch, Papag. 

ii. p. 540 (186S). 
Esittacodis tarabe, Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 577 (1832). 
APPENDIX. 

" Bigger than the Ceram Lory. Bill cinereous; general colour green ; head, 
throat, fore part of the neck, and breast red ; lesser wing-coverts the same ; legs 
cinereous; claws black. 

" Inhabits Brazil." {Latham.) 

53 . PSITTACUS LEUCOPHTHALMUS. 
Petite Perruche de 1'Isle de Lucon, seconde espeee, Sonn. Yoy. a la Sbuv. 
Guin. p. 76, pi. 38 (upper figure) (1776); Walcl Tr. Zool. Soe. ix. p. 137 
(1875); Tweedd. Orn. tfW.*s, p. 304 (1881). 

Psittacus leucophthalmus, Scop, (nee Mull. 1776) Bel. Flor. et Faun. Intuh. 

p. 87, n. 25 (1786); Wold. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 137(1875); Tweedd. Gnu 
Works, p. 305 (1881); Bidgw. Pr. U. S. Kat. Mus. x. p. 546 (18S7). 
Psittacus simplex, Kiikl, Consp. Psitt. p. 66 (ex Sonn.) (1620); Voiqt, Cuv. 
Ucbers. p. 747 (1831); Wagl. Mon. Psitt p. 747 (av. dub.) (1832). 
? Blue-winged Parrakeet, var. B, Lath. Gen. Hist, ii. p. 274 (1822). 
Psittacula leucophthalma. G. E. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 423, n. 24(1846); id. 

List Psitt Brit. Mus. p. 91 (1859); id. Hand-list, ii. p. 166, n. 8358 

(1870). 
Loriculus (Cyelopsitta) leucophthalmos, v. Mart Jour. f. Dm. 18C6, p. 22. 
Psittacula passerina, var., Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 650 (1868). 

Dr. O. Finsch has, with some doubt, identified this Parrot with the well-
known South-American Psittactdapasserina (Linn.); but there do not appear 
to be sufficient reasons for this identification. 

54. PSITTACUS AUREUS. 
Le Perroquet d'Or, Levaill. Perr. ii. pi. 138 (1805) (Brazil ?). 

Psittacus aureus, Shaw, Gen. Zool. Tiii. 2, p. 543 (1811) (ex Levaillant); 
Bechst. Kurze Ueb. p. 103, pi. 20 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 99 
(1820); Wagl. Mon. Psitt. p, 746 (1832) (var. Pioni senegali); Hahn% 
Orn. All., Papag. p. 49, t. 34 (1834); Brehm, Mon. d. Papag. t. 56 
(1854) (ex Levaillant). 

Poiocephalus aureus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 301 (1837). 

Mr. Gr. B. G-ray and Dr. Finsch consider the Perroquet d'Or of Levaillant to 
be a variety of Geoffroyus personatus, while Wagler thought it was a variety of 

P. senegakis. 
55. PARROT, sp. 
A third species of the Parrot Family from Norfolk Island, Downing, Proc. 
Roy. Soc. Tasm. iii. p. 208 (1859); Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 231. 

56. PARROT, sp. 
G. Forster, in his Account of the Voyage round the World (ii. p. 334), speaks 
of large and beautiful Parroquets that were found in Tanna; and he further 
describes them as having a black, red, and yellow plumage. They have not 
been noticed by any other naturalist (G. R. Gray, Gat. B. Trop. IsL p. 30 note, 
1859; Finsch, Papag. ii. p. 934, 1868). 
ADDENDA. 

Page 36. Add :— 

4 Us. Lorius salva&orii. 

Lorius Salvador!!, Meyer, Abh. «. Ber. hgl. Zool. Anthrop. Mus. 
Bread. 1890-91, no. 4, p. 6 (1891). 

" Lorius L. jobiemi (A. B. M.) simillimus, sed abdomine medio et 

cervice posteriore obscurioribus, nigro violascentibus, gula, genis, 

pectore summo et fascia nuchali rubris, tibiis plus minusve viridi 

intermixtis. Long. tot. 290-300 mm., al. 155-157, caud. 100, 

rostr. culm. 29-31, tarsi 20." (A. B. Meyer.) 

Hob. Astrolabe Bay, X.E. New Guinea. 

I am only acquainted with, this species from Dr. Meyer's de


scription. 

Page 57. Trichoglossus mitchelli. 

Erase lines 13, 14 : Psittctcus (Trichoglossus) forsteni, Eosenb. &c, 

&&&. Page 60. Trichoglossus rubritorques. 

r. Ad. sk. Port Darwin. " Penguin " Ooll. 
j^ . Page 66. Ptilosclera versicolor. 

q. § ad. sk. Port Darwin. " Penguin " Coll. 
Page 100. Add:— 

15. Cyclopsittacus amabilis. 
Cyclopsittacus amabilis, Rchnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1891, Bericht vii. 
p. 6. 
Yery much like P. nigrifrons, but smaller, and with the black of 
the sinciput tinged behind with bluish. Total length 5*11 inches, 
wing 2-95-3*14, tail 1-37, bill 0-51-0-55, tarsus 0*39-0-43. 

Hob. Saparako, Huon Gulf, E. New Guinea. 

Add;— Pa£e 105* Microglossia aterrimus. 
h bis. Ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Ooll. 

YOL. xx. 2 s 

ADDENDA. 

Ad(1 Page 115. CaUocephalon galeatum. 
I-bis. £ ad. sk, S. Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Add . Page 133. Cacatua roseicapiila. 
k bis. Ad. sk Australia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Ac l d . Page 195. Conuras cactorum. 
ff. Ad. sk. Purchased. 
Page 245. Psittacula passeriaa. 

Since the sheet containing the account of P. passerlna passed 
through the press, Graf von Berlepseh has kindly sent me for 
inspection several specimens of that species from the Ceara District 
and others from Bahia. I have failed to discover the differences 
mentioned by Mr. llidgway. 

Mr. Salvin informs me that he has now received a specimen of 

P. passe rina from Guiana, so that the range of this species is not 
confined to Brazil. 
j^fa: 
?a g e 311. Chrysotis tucumana. 

Adult. Green ; edges of the feathers black; upper and under 
tail-coverts yellow-green ; forehead red, with the concealed bases of 
the feathers yellow; sides of the head with a slight bluish tinge ; 
thighs yellow; primar}T-coverts red; quills black with the outer 
web green at the base, blue at the tip; under wing-coverts green, 
the greater ones and inner web of the quills below verdigris-green; 
tail green, with the apical portion yellow-green : bill yellow ; " iris 
carmine-red" (Garlejjp); feet pale grey ("?). Total length about 
12*6 inches, wing 8, tail 4*6, bill 0*9, tarsus 0*62. (Mits. Berlepseh.) 

Hah. Tucuman, also Bolivia (Garlepjp). 

Through the kindness of Graf von Berlepseh, I have been able to 
examine two specimens of this scarce and imperfectly known species ; 
both are marked females with a query; in one specimen the red 
primary-coverts have narrow yellow edges to the outer web. There 
is no possible doubt as to C. tucumana being quite a distinct 
species. 

Page 405. Add ;— 

4 Us. G-eoffroyus orientalis. 

Geoffroyus orientalis, Meyer, Abk. u. Ber. hgl. ZooL Anthrop. Mus. 
Dread. 1890-91, no. 4, p. 4 (1891). 

" Fcern. Similis foeminge G. aruensis (Gr.) ab insula Aru, sed 
capite brimnescenti c8eruleo-viridi, subalaribus et axillaribus obscurioribus, 
clare cyaneis, et macula cubitali pallide badia distinguenda. 
Long. tot. 230-250 mm., al. 156-168, caud. 75-80, rostri 
culm. 24-25, tarsi 13-14. 

ADDENDA. 
619 

^ "Mas. Similis mari G. rliodopsis (Gr.), sed minor, capite minus 
violaceo et macula cubitali pallide badia distinguendus. Long. tot. 
230 mm., al. 158, eaud. 80, rostri culm. 26, tarsi 14." (A. B. 
Meyer.) 

Hah. Huon. Gulf, Bussum, Yakama, in KE . "New Guinea. 

This species also is known to me from the description only. 

Add : -^aoe 4*9. Prio&ittirus mindoteiisis, 

Prioniturus mindorensis, Hartert, Journ.f. Orn. 1891, p. 298 ($). 

Female. " Bill (in dry skin) white, grey towards the base. Grass-
green, paler underneath, and with a yellowish tinge especially on 
the abdomen, chin, and also cheeks; crown bluish violet; quills 
blackish, half of their inner web underneath blue; outer web above 
blue, changing into green, and narrowly edged with yellow (?) ; 
first quill entirely black; under wing-coverts green; tail black, 
tinged with green above, with blue underneath ; irides whitish. 
Wing 16 cm. ( = 6-29 inches)." (HarterU) 

j^^ . Page 481. Ptistes erythropterus. 
b\ $ ad. sk. Baudin Islands. " Penguin " Coll. 
^ cj£. Page 526. Loriculus mindorensis. 

Cory His mindorensis, Hartert, KataL p. 253 (J ) (1891). 

Loriculus mindorensis, Hartert) Journ.f. Orn. 1891, p. 299. 

Female. " Bill red with greyish tip; forehead broadly dark red; 
throat bluish ; breast and under tail-coverts greenish yellow; abdomen 
pale green; quills black, with the outer web green and the 
inner one underneath blue ; tail above dark green, blue underneath. 
Wing 9-8 cm. (=3*85 inches)." (Hartert.) 

j^ftfr. Page 530. Loriculus bonapartei 

a. 
<$ ad. sk Mainbum, Sooloo Isl., May 3, 1883 Hon. Walter Koth{
Fowell). schild [P.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. lolo-Sooloo, April 18, 1887 (Pla* Hon. Walter Kothten). 
schild [P.J 
^d . Page 567. Psephotus haematonotus* 

Female. " The colour of the female is much duller, it has no 
yellow spot on the wing-coverts, nor crimson on the rump ; 
the abdomen has only a tint of yellow*" {Ramsay.) 

2s2 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


Abyssinian Parrakeet, 

509. 
aceipitrina (Amazona), 
336. 
accipitrinus (Deroptyus), 
335. 
accipitrinus (Deroiypus), 
336. 
accipitrinus (Pionias), 
336. _ 
accipitrinus (Psittacus), 
336. 
acutieaudata (Evopsitta), 
173. 
acutieaudata (Psittacara), 
173. 
acutieaudata (Sittace), 
173. 
acuticaudatus (Conurus), 
172, 173. 
acuticaudatus (Psittacus), 
172, 173. 
acutirostris (Aratinga), 

254. 
adelaidiB (Platycercus), 
543. 
adelaidensis (Platycercus), 
544. 
adscitus (Psittacus), 547. 
cequatorialis (Cacatua), 

118, 120,121. 
aequatorialis (Plyctolopfaus), 
118, 121. 
geruginosus (Aratinga), 

195. 
seruginosus (Conurus), 
195. 
aeruginosus (Psittacus), 
195. 
sestiva (Amazona), 287, 
288, 290, 293. 
sestiva (Androglossa), 

287. 
a33tiva (Ohrysotis), 285, 
287. 
aestivalis (Ohrysotis), 303, 
319. 
sestivus (Androglossus), 
287. 
sestivus (Ohrysotis), 284. 
sestivus (Psittacus), 284, 

286, 319. 
affinis (Belocercus), 476. 
affinis (Eclectus), 429. 
affinis (Palaeornis), 474, 

476. 
affinis (Tanygnathus), 
428. 
Agapornis, 240, 506. 
Agile Parrot, 319. 
agilis (Androglossa), 319. 
agilis (Ohrysotis), 319. 
agilis (Conurus), 234, 
237. 
agilis (Psittacus), 284, 
319. 
agrestis (Geoffroyus), 
412. 
agrestis (Bhodocephalus), 
412. 
aguava (Conurus), 234. 
Ajuru-Curuca, 283. 
alba (Cacatua), 124. 
albifrons (Amazona), 
312. 
albifrops (Androglossa), 
312. 
albifrons (Ohrysotis), 
311, 330. 
albifrons (Psittacus), 311, 

313. 
albirostris (Eclectus), 
431. 
albirostris (Tanygnathus), 
430, 432. 
albocristata (Cacatua), 

125. 
albocristatus (Psittacus), 
125. 
albus cristatus (Psittacus), 
124. 
albus galeritus (Psittacus), 
121. 
albus (Plissolophus), 125. 
albus (Psittacus), 124. 
alecto (Ara), 104. 
alecto (Cacatua), 105. 
alecto (Eurhynchus), 104. 
alecto (Macroglossum), 

104. 
alecto (Microglossa), 

105. 
alecto (Microglossus). 
104. 
alexandrae (Platycercus), 
479. 
alexandrse (Polyteles), 
479. ^ * 
alexandrae (Polytelis), 
479. 
alexandri (Conurus), 436. 
alexandri (Paheornis), 
436,437,438,440,468, 

469. 
alexandri 
(Psittacus), 
435,442,443,450,464, 

468. 
Alexandrine Parrakeet, 
435, 442, 443. 
alexandrinus (Palseornis), 
437. 
alpinus (Cyanorhamphus), 
590. 
alpinus (Platycercus), 

590. 
amabilis (Ooryllis), 536. 
amabilis (Cyclopsittacus), 
617. 
amabilis (Glossopsitta), 
78. 
amabilis (Loriculus), 536, 
537. 
amabilis (Trichoglossus), 
78. 
amathusia (Platycercus), 
548. 
Amazona, 268. 
Ainazone a calotte bleue, 
286. 
Amazone a tete blanche, 
316. 
Amazone a. tete jaune, 
289. 
Amazone femelle, 280. 
Amazone jaune, 284. 
Amazone male, 286. 
Amazone tapir e en jaune, 
286. 
Amazone tapire* en rouge, 
308. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

amazonica (Arnazona), 

284. 
amazonica (Androglo&ga), 
285. 
amazonica (Chrysotis), 
283, 287. 
amazonicus (Androglossus), 
284. 
ainazonicus brasiliensis 
(Psittacus), 289. 
amazonicus (Chrysotis), 

286. 
amazonicus (Eucinetus), 
342. 
amazonicus jamaicensis 
(Psittacus),'285. 
amazonicus poikilorhyncbus 
(Psittacus), 289. 
amazonicus (Psittacus), 
281,283,284,286,288, 
289, 293, 804. 

amazonicus varius 
(Psittacus), 
286. 
amazonina (Aniazona), 

342. ^ 
amazonina (Caica), 342. 
amazonina (Chrysotis), 
342. 
amazonina (Euc-pBitta), 
342. 
amazonina (Eyopsitta), 
342. 
amazonipa (Pionopsitta), 
342. 
amazonina (Pyrilia), 
342. t 
amazoninus (Eucinetus), 
342. ^ 
amazoninus (Pionias), 
342. _ 
amazoninus (Pionopsittacus), 
342. 
amazoninus (Psittacus), 

342. 
amazonius (Psittacus), 
284. 
amazonus (Psittacus), 
284. 
Amber Parrot, 16. 
ambigua (Ara), 160. 
ambigua (Sittace), 160. 
ambiguus (Ara), 160, 
ambiguus (Aracanga), 
160. 
ambiguus (Maerocercus), 
li)0. 

ambiguus (Primolius), 

160. 
ambiguus (Psittacus), 
160. 
Amboina Parrot, 423. 
Amboina Bed Parrot, 

489. 
amboinensis (Apro<*mictus), 
489, 490, 491. 
amboinensis coceinea 
(Psittaea), 489. 
amboinensis (Eeleetus), 

395. 
amboinensis (Lorius), 
394. 
amboinensis (Platvcercus), 
489, 490, 491. 
amboinensis (Psittacus;, 

489. 
amboinpnsis yaria (Psittaca), 
51. 
americanus (Psittacuss), 

302. 
amcenus (Psittacus), 520. 
Anaca, 217. 
anaca (Psittacus). 218. 
anaca (Sittaee), 218. 
Auadorhynchus, 147. 
andicola (Bolb niivnchus), 
238. 
andicola (PsiUaculal, 


238, 
Androglossa, 268, 377Androglossus, 
2t»S. 
Angola Yellow Parrot, 

175. 
angolensis luiea (Psittaca), 
175. 
anna (Aprosmictu«0, 496. 
anna (Conurus), 49(5. 
anna (Platycercus). 495. 
anna (Pyrrhulopsisl, 

490. 
anna (Platycereos), 497. 
aniiulatus (Ps'ttacus), 
449. 
Anodontorhynchu^, 147. 
Anodorhynchu«, 147, 
Anoplorhynchus. 147. 
anthopeplus (Paiajornis), 
479. 
Aodorbynehue, 147. 
aol«e (^Casitenia), 142. 
Aourou-eouraou, 283. 
aourou (Psittacus}. 2*J4. 
apicalis (Coryllisj, 529, 
apicalis (Loriculus), 517, 
528, 530. 
apophcenica (Chrvsofcis), 

312. > 
Aprosmicfcus, 485 
Aprosmietus sp., 490. 
Apute-juba, 198. 
Ara, 150. 
Ara sp., 603. 
Ara bleu, 152. 
Ara bleu et jaune du 

Bresil, 152. 
Ara canga, 154. 
Aracanga, 151. 
ara canga (Ara), 155. 
aracanga (Aracanga), 

155. 
aracanga (Arara). 154. 
aracanga (Maerocercus), 
154. 155. 
aracanga (Psittacus), 
154. 
aracanga (Paittace), 154. 
Araelangn, 150. 
Ara ffriis a tr^mpe. 103. 
Ara hyaeinthe, 14S. 149. 
Ara Alaeao. 150. 
Ara niacin ouanne, 166. 
Ara llaraeana, 162. 166. 
Ara xnilitaire, 158. 
Ara noir, 613. 
Ara noir a trompe. 103. 
Arara, 150. 170. 
Arara-canga, 156. 
Arara-catiisga, 165. 
Araratma, 151. 152,603. 
Ara rauna, 152. 
araranna (Ara), 152. 
ararauna (Ararat 153. 
ararauna (Ararauna 1, 
153. 
ararauna (lIaeroeercus\ 
152, 153. 
ararauna < Psittacus), 152. 
ararauna ,M'Hat-en 152. 
Ara lowze, 154, 157. 
AzauW, 170,211. 
arausiacus (Psittacu?), 

277. 
Ara verd du Uresil, 162. 
Ara \ert, 162. 
artaki (Cham o-»\naV 85. 
arfali lOreop^iftaeus, 
85. 
arfaki (P^itieuteles), ^5. 
arfali (Triehofflossusj, 
85. 
Arimaiion, 46. 
arinillaris (Conuru^ , 
lfcU 
armillaris (Psittacus"', 

180. 
aruensis (Cyclopsitta t, 
97. 
aruensis (Cvclopsittacus), 
96, 97. 
aruen&is {G e< >ffr< »y j , 41M-, 
aruensis < Geolfr< A U» », 

404.m 
aruensis (XwttTna », I *L\ 
aruensis ' PtuUi-ri*,, |ni. 

aruensis (Rhodocepha


lus), 404. 
Ash-brown Parrot, 383. 
Ash-coloured and Eed 

Parrot, 378. 
Ash-coloured Parrot, 
378, 379. 
Ash-erowiied Parrot, 

314. 
Ash-fronted Parrot, 288. 
asiaticus (Loriculus), 
527. 
asiaticus (Psittacus), 527. 
astec (Conurus), 102. 
asteco (Conums), 192. 
ater (Chaleopsittaeus), 
13, 14. 
ater (Eos), 13. 
ater (Lonu-,). 13, 14. 
ater (Mieroglossum), 

104. 
ater (Plah circus). 13. 
ater (Psitt cuts), 13. 003. 
aterrima (Cacatuai, 103. 
ater ri ma (Microglo&ba), 
104. 
aterrimum / Mieroglossutn), 
1(»4. 105. 
aterniuuv llu-roglossus;, 
H*3, 105,017. 
aternntus (P&ittacus), 

103. 
atra {Chaleopsitta), 13, 
atra (Pomicella), 14. 
atra |Eoa). 13. 
atrieapilla (Domieella), 

37. 
atricapillus (Psittacus), 
33, 550. 
atrigularis (Pyrrhulopsis), 
495. 
atrogularis (Aprosraictus). 
495. 
atrogularis (Platjcercus), 

495. 
atropurpureus (Psittacus'. 
494. 
aubrvanus (Pceoeephalus), 
307. 
aubrvdiius (Psittacus), 

367. 
aueklandicus (Cyanorhamphiij), 
584. 
aueklandicus (Platyeereus), 
582, 584. 
augusta (Androglossa), 

274. 
aut»usta (Ohrysoti*), 274. 
august uj= (Amazona\ 
274. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

augustus (Macrocercus), 

147. 
augustus (GEnochrus), 
274. 
augustus (Psittacus), 147, 
274. 
aurantia (Euphema), 573. 
aurantiifrons (Coryllis), 
53S. 
aurantiifrons (Loriculus), 

537. 
aurantius (Psittacus), 
303. 389. 
aura&iaca (Chrysotis), 
278. 
aurea (Eupsittnca), 200, 
aurea (Eupsittula), 200. 
aurea (Sittace), 200. 
aureocinota (Hypocharniosyna), 
78. 
aureocinctus (Coriphilus), 
78. 
auieocinetus (Tricho


gWus), 78. 
aureus (Aratinga), 200. 
aureus (Conurus), 198, 

199. 
aureus (Poiocephalus), 
Oil). 
aureus (Psittacus), 177, 
199,016. 
auricapilLi (Aratinga), 
179 
auricapillus (Arara), 178. 
auric ipillus (Conurus), 

178. 
auricapillus (Psittaeara), 
178. 
auricapillus (Psittacus), 
178. 
aurieeps (Coriphilus), 
588. 
aurieeps (Cyanorhampiius), 
587. 
aurieeps (Euphema), 588. 
aurieeps (Platjcercus), 

5S8, 590. 
aurieeps (Psittacus), 588. 
auricollis (Ara), 165. 
aurieollis (Arara), 165. 
auricollis (Primolius), 

105. 
auricollis (Sittace), 165. 
aiiricomis (Leptolophus), 
135. 
auricomus (Psittacus), 
177. 
atirifrons ( Aratinga \ 
178. 
ann fron^ 
(B< >lboi*hynehus), 
230. 

aurifrons (Broiogeris), 

263. 
aurifrons (Brotogerys), 
237. 
aurifrons (Conurus), 236, 
200. 
aurifrons (Lathamus). 
236, 237. 
aurifrons (Myzopsitta), 

aurifrons (Psittacus), 
230, 237. 
aurifrons (Trichoglossus), 
236, 588. 
auripalliata (Amazona). 

292. 
auripalliata (Androglossa), 
292. 
auripalliatus (Chrysofcis), 

292. 
auritorques (Ara). 165. 
auropalliata (Chrysotis). 
291. 
auropalliatus (Amazona). 
291. 
auropalli itus (Psittacus), 
291,292. 
Aurora Parrot, 287. 
aurora (Psittacus), 

2b7. 
auroroe (Psittacus), 40. 
Australasia, 49 
australe (Callocephalon), 

australensis (Kakadoe), 

117. 
australis (Banksianus), 
107, 110, 112. 
australis (Centrourus), 6, 

70. 
australis (Coriphilus), 
44, 70. 
australis (Glossopsitta), 

70. 
australis (Nanocles), 70. 
au&tralis (Nestor), 6. 
australis (Psittacus), 5, 
43, 09, 593. 
australis (Trichoglossus), 

69. 5<J3. 
australis (Vini), 43. 
Autumnal Parrot, 278, 
303, 396. 
auturnnalis (Amazona), 
300, 303. 
auturnnalis (Androglossa), 
303. 
auturnnalis (Chrysotis), 
299, 300, 303. 
auturnnalis (Phittacusl, 
277, 278, 299,302,306. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

324 

Aris kakatoeha, 121. 
Avis paradisiaca orientals, 
82. 
Avis paradisiaca orienta


lis elegantis&ima, 61. 
aymara (Arara), 234. 
'ajmara (Bolborhynchus), 

234. 
aymara (Conurus), 234. 
aymara (Myiopsitta), 
235. 
azawe (Sifctace), 153. 
azari (Psittacus), 340. 
aztee (Conurus), 192. 
azurea (Psiitacula), 502. 
Azure-bellied Parrot, 

337. 
Azure-headed Parrakeet, 
450. 
Azure-headed Parrot, 
451. 
azureus (Agapornis), 
501. 
azureus (Lathamus), 
575. 
azureus (Psittacus), 501. 
badiceps (Psittacus), 359, 

360. 
badius (Psittacus), 361. 
bahamensis (Chrysotis), 
317. 
Banded Parrot, 214. 
Banksian Cockatoo, 107, 
100, 111, 112. 
Banksianus, 106. 
banksiamis (Psittacus), 


593;< 
banksii (Banksianus), 


110. 
banksii (Caeafua), 107. 
109. 
banksi (Calyptorhynchus), 
109,' 110. 
banksii (Calyptorhynchus), 
112. 
banksii (Plyetolophus), 

110. 
banksii (Psittacus), 107, 
109, 112. 
barbadensis (Psittacus), 

288. 
bavbarossa (Psittacus), 
198. 
barbatulatus(Belocercas), 
475. 
barbatulatus (Palaeomife), 
476. 
barbatulatus (Psittacus), 
475. 
barbatus (Belocercus), 
471, 473. 
barbatus (Belurus), 465, 
469, 471, 472. 
barbatus (Palseomis), 

465, 471. 
barbatus (Psittacus), 471. 
barkleyi (Coracopsis), 

384.' 
barkleu (Yaza), 384. 
barkhi (Coracopsis), 384. 
barklji (Psittacus), 3S4. 
barnardi (Barnardius), 

07)8. 

barnardi (Platycercus), 

558. 
barnardi (Psittacus), 556. 
Barnardius, 559. 
Barnard's Parrot, 558. 
barrabandi (Amazona), 
346. 
barrabandi (Caica), 346. 
barrabandi (Euciuetus), 
346. 
barrabandi (Palceornis), 
478. 
barrabandi (Pionias)T346. 
barrabandi (Pionopsittacus), 
346. 
barrabandi (Pioaus\ 346. 
barrabandi (Platycercus), 

478. 
barrabandi (Politeles), 
478. 
barrabandi (Polytelis), 
47S. 
barrabandi (Psiitacula), 

346. 
barrabandi (Psittacus). 
346. 
barrabandii (Psittacus), 
478. 
Barrabandius, 477. 
barrabaudi (Pionias), 
346. 
barrabaudi (Poieephalus), 
3*6. 
bat ageusia (Psittacula), 

403. 
batavensis (Psittacus), 10. 
batavica (Psittaea), 351. 
bata\ica (Psittacula), 
351. 
batavica (Uro chroma), 
351. 
baudinii (Banksianus), 
106. 
baudinii (Oacatua), 106. 
baudini (Caiyptorhynchus), 
106. 

baudinii (Plyetolophus), 

106. 
baueri (Platycercus), 559, 
560. 
baueri (Psittacus), 560. 
Bauer's Parrot, 560. 
Bearded Parrakeet, 471. 
Beautiful Lory, 541. 
beccarii (Xasiterna), 145. 
Belocereus, 433. 
Belarus, 433. 
bengalensis (Palaeorms), 
449, 453. * 
bengalensis (Psittaea), 

453. 
bengalensis (Psittacus), 
449, 453. 
berlepschi (Pvrrhura), 

224. 
bernardi (Platvcercus), 
5n8. 
bernsteini (Chalcopsitta \ 

14. 
bernsteini (Chalcopsittacus), 
14. 
bernsteini (Eos), 25. 
bernsteini (Psittacus), 


25. 
beryllina (Pyrrhura), 
608. 
beryilinus (Conurus), 
008. 
bicollaris (Psittacus), 
442. 
bimaculatus (Psittacus), 
468. 
bisetis (Xymphicus), 591. 
bisetis (Psittacus), 545, 
501. 
bitorquatus (Palajornte I, 
442. 
bitorquatus (Psittacus), 
442 445. 
Black Cockatoo, 103. 
Black-crowned Parrot, 


33. 
Black Lory, 13. 
Black Maecaw, 603. 
Black-necked Parrakeet. 
60.1. 
Black Parrot, 382. 
Black-spotted Parrakeet, 
596. 
Black-Ringed Parrot, 
mi. 

Blossom-headed Parakeet, 
440, 464, 475. 

Blue and yellow Maccaw, 

152. 
Blue-backed Parrot, G1& 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Blue-billed Parrot, 5S; 60. 
Blue-breasted Parrot, 

394. 
Blue-cheeked Parrot, 

547. 
Blue-collared Parrot, 

435. 
Blue-crested Parrakeet, 

43. 
Blue-crowned Maccaw, 

172. 
Blue-faced green Parrot, 

277. 
Blue-faced Parrakeet, 

613. 
Blue-faced Parrot, 303, 

306. 
Blue-fringed Lory, 24. 
Blue-fron! ed Parrot, 276. 
Blue-green Parrot, 501. 
Blue-beaded Parakeet, 
450,570. 
Blue-headed Parrot, 322, 

449. 
Blue'ilacaw, 148. 
Blue-necked Lory, 20. 
Blue-ruin ped Parrakeet, 

501. 
Blue-tailed Lory, 24. 
Blue-topped Parrot, 283. 
Blue-winged Parrakeet, 
251,010. 
blythi (Cyclopsitta), 92, 

*m. 

blvthi (Cyelopsittacus), 
'93. 
bodini (Androglossa), 

307. 
bodini (Chrysotis), 307. 
bodini (Pakeornis), 454. 
bohndurm (Pionias), 369. 
Bolbopsittacus, 503. 
Bolborhynehus, 233. _ 
bonapartei (Coryllis), 

530. 
bonapartei (Loriculus), 
529, 530,619. 
bonapartii (Licmetulus), 

530. 
bontii (Psittacus), 605. 
borbonica torquata (Psittaca), 
442. 
borbonicus (Palaornis), 

442. 
bornea (Eos), 20. 
Bornean Parrakeet, 464. 
borneus (Lorius), 20, 24. 
borneus (Pal^eornis), 465. 
borneus (Psittacus), 23, 

464. 

bouqueti (Androglossa), 

278. 
bouqueti (Chrysotis), 277. 
bouqueti (Psittacus), 278. 
bourkei (Neophema), 570. 
bourkii (Euphenia), 570. 
bourkii (ZNTanodes), 570. 
bourki (Platycercus), 

570. 
bourki (Psittacula), 570. 
Bracelet Parrakeet from 
East India, 464. 
brachyura (Amazona), 

320. 
brachyura (Pionopsitta), 

321. 
brachyurus (Pachynus), 

320. 
brachyurus (Pionias), 

321. 
brachyurus (Pionus), 

320. 
brachyurus (Psittacus), 

320. 
Brasilian Green Maccaw, 
101, 162. 
Brasilian Green Parrot, 
305, 300. 
Brasilian Yellow Parrot, 

174. 
Brasilian Yellow-fronted 
Parrot, 283. 
brasiliensis (Amazona), 

306. 
brasiliensis(Androglossa), 

306. 
brasiliensis (Ara), 156. 
brasiliensis (Chrysotis), 


305. 
brasiliensis cinereus (Psittacus), 
379. 
brasiliensis cyaneo-crocea 
(Ara), 152. 
brasiliensis cyanocephalos 
(Psittacus), 283. 
brasiliensis (Conurus), 

200. 
brasiliensis erythrochlora 
(Ara), 161. 
brasiliensis fusea (Psittaca), 
217. 
brasiliensis icterocephalos 
(Psittacula), 265. 
brasiliensis (Lorius), 610. 
brasiliensis (Psittaca), 

199. 
brasiliensis (Psittacula), 

254. 
brasiliensis (Psittacus), 
200,305. 

brasiliensis (Tirica), 254. 
brasiliensis lutea (Psittaca), 
174. 
brasiliensis lutea (Psittacula), 
177. 
brasiliensis yiridis (Ara), 

161. 
Brazilian Yellow Parrot, 

176. 
brehmi (Euphema), 499. 
brehmi (Psittacella), 498. 
brehmi (Psittacula), 499. 
brehmi (Psittacus), 498. 
brevipes (Conurus), 191. 
bridgesi (Pionus), 329. 
broadbenti (Aprosmictus\ 
488. 
Broad-billed Parrot, 102. 
Brotogeris, 43, 46, 253. 
Brotogerys, 253. 
Brown-fronted Parrakeet, 

195. 
Brown Parrot, 383. 
Brown-throated Parakeet, 
191,195. 
browni (Platycercus^ 

549. 
brownii (Psittacus), 545, 

549. 
bruij ni (Chalcopsittacus), 
15, 
bruij ni (Nasitema), 139. 
bnmneieeps (Bolborhynehus), 
235. 
brunniceps (Conurus), 

234. 
buccalis (Aratinga), 607. 
buccalis (Psittacus), 607. 
Buenos-Ay res Parrot, 

233. 
Buff-crowned Parrot, 


588. 

Buff-fronted Pai*rakeet, 

200. 
buffoni (Arara), 160. 
buffoni (Plictolophus), 

120. 
buffoni (Plissolophus), 

120. 
burbidgei (Tanygnathus), 
432. 
buruensis (Aprosmictus), 

490. 
buruensis (Platycercus), 

490. 
byroni (Aratinga), 207. 
byroni (Conurus), 207. 
byroni (Cyanolyseus), 

207. 
byroni (Psittacus), 207. 

m 

Cacatoes de Dueorps, 129. 
Cacatois a buppe orangee, 

122. 
Oaoatua, 115, 124. 
Cacatua sp., 125. 
Cacatua a lis et cauda rubric 
378. 
cactorum (Conurus), 194, 

618. 
cactorum (Psittacus), 194. 
cactorum (Sittace), 194, 
195. 
cserulea (Sittace), 153. 
caeruleatus (Lorius), 24. 
cseruleatus (Psittacus), 24. 
caeruleiceps (Trieboglossus), 
57. 
cseruleo-barbatus (Conurus), 
559. 
caruleocephalus (Psittacus), 
611. 
cseruleofrontata (Psitta


cara), 173. 
caruleus (Psittacus), 152. 
carulifrons (Psittacus), 

278. 
cieruligena (Androglossa), 
295. 
caffer (Psittacus), 303. 
Caica, 338, 345, 358.^ 
Caica Barraband, 316. 
caica (Pionopsittacus), 
345. 
caica (Pion us), 345. 
caica (Psittacus), 345, 
340. 
caixana (Aratinga), 194. 
cajana (Arara), 187. 
cajenneus (Pbittacus), 
289, 609. 
caledonieus (Platycercus), 
545, 540. 
caledoniciia (Psittacus), 

496,545. 
calita (Conurus), 232. 
calita (Myiopsitta), 232. 
calita (Psittaca), 232. 
calito (Conurus), 232. 
calito (Myiopsitta), 232. 
Oallicephalus, 117. 
Callipsittacus, 135. 
calliptera (Microsittace), 

222. 
calliptera (Pyrrbura), 
221. 
callipterus (Conurus), 
221. 
Calliptilus, 41. 
Oallocephala, 113. 
Oallocepbalon, 113. 
OaUocephalup, 113, 
ALPHABETICAL IXDEX. 

callogenys (Conurus), 

188. 
callopterus (Aprosmictus), 
489. 
callopterus (Platycereus), 

489. 
Calopsitta, 135. 
Calopsittacus, 135. 
calthopticus (Psittacus», 
204. 
calthrapa (Palseornis), 
402. 
calthrapa? (Palseornis), 
401. 
caltbropa? (Palaeornis), 
401. 
caltbropisE (Pala3ornis\ 
402. 
Calyptorbynebus, 106. 
Calyptorrbyncbus, 106. 
Camptolophus, 115 
cpna (Agapornis), 507. 
cana (Poliopsitta), 507. 
cana (Psittacula), 507. 
caniceps (Belocercus), 
470. 
caniceps (Belarus), 470. 
caniceps (PabeornLs), 
470. 
canieollis (Conurus), 232. 
canicolhs (Myiopsitta), 
232,234. " 
canicolhs (PalaMrnis), 

470. 
canieollis (Sittace*, 232. 
canieularis (Aratinga), 
201. 
c«nit*ularis (Conurus), 
200,201. 
cank-ularis (Eupsittula), 
200, 202. 
canicularis (Psittacus), 
200,201. 
eaiiifrons (Chry sotis), 

272. 
canicularis (Conurus >, 
193. 
Caninde, 153. 
caninde (Ara), 153. 
caiiincle (Ararauna), 153. 
caninde (lEacroeercus), 
153. 
caninde (Sittace), 153. 
canipalliata (Androglossa), 
282. 
canipalliata (Cbrysotis), 

282. 
canus (Psittacus i, 507. 
eapensis (Psittacus), 251. 
capistratus (Geuffn v*. 
401, 

capistratus (&eoffroyus), 

capistratus (Psittacus), 
50, 52, 401. 
capistratus * TrichoglossuM, 
50, 52. 
capitatus (Psittacus), 
551,007. 
cardinally (Domi -ella), 

23. 
cardinalis (Eclectus), 
391.1,94. 
cardinalis (Eos i; 22,23. 
cardinalis (Lorius , 22, 

395. 
cardinalis (Pbittacu* . 
395. 
cardinalis (TrichostfosSUSK23. 
Caroline (Aritjuai, 


174. 
Carolina} august JS (Aratinga\
174. 
Carolina? (EeWtns , 31H. 
Caroline Parrot, L;K3. 
carolinensis (Arara,, 204. 
carolinensis (Aratinga j, 

204. 
carolinensis (Centrums I, 
204. 
carolinensis (Conuropsis), 
203. 
carolinensis (Conurus?, 
204. 
carolinensis (Psittaca ?, 
203. 
carul.'neiws Psittacus), 
19H. i>(i3, 2SS 
cuv\ ciuurub (Pfcittacus), 

ca«ini (Conurti-;. 200. 
cahtaneiIrons (Ara), 102. 
castaneilrons I AraeaneaK 

102. 
castaneifrons (3Iaerueereite). 
102 
catamene (Corrllis), 

537. 
calamine (LoriculnsL 
537. 
catamenia (Corvllis), 
537. * " 
eatlmrina fBolborliyncbtisj, 
239. 
catbarina (CVmiru^, 239. 
eaUiarina (Mjiopsifta), 

cayana (Arara), 107. 
cayanen.sis I Con urns), 
1ST. 
caj anensis P&ii f a**a), iM7, 

cayanensis (Pelttaeus), 

319. 
Cayenne Parrakeet, 609. 
cayennensis (Conurus), 
100. 
cayennensis (Psittacus), 
264. 
caymanensis (Chrysotis), 
317. 
ceclanensis (Psittaous), 
393. 
Centropus, 599. 
Centrourus, 4, (57. 
Centrums, 4. 
ceramensis (Lorius), 39. 
CVram Lory, 40. 
cerricahs (Cvclopsitta), 
93. 
cervicalis (Cyolopsittacus), 
93. 
cem'cJis (Eos), 183,612. 
cervicalis (Psittacus), 

612. _ 
cvn icalis (Trirhoglossus), 
lfc3, 012. 
civl'iipi-^ib (Ecleetus), 
391,393. 
Chaleopsitta, 12. 
Ctialcopsittaeus, 12. 
chalcoptera (Amazona), 

ooo. 

cbalcopterus (Piunias), 

333. 
cbalcopterus (Pionus), 
333. 
ehaleoptertis (Psittacus), 
333. 
ohalleugeri (Eos), 22. 
Charmo&ina, 81, 
CJiarmos) na. 81. 
Charmo&yna sp., 74. 
Charmosynopsis, 79. 
cheripepe (Mierosittace), 
608. 
clieroyeus (Psittacara), 
209. 
Chestnut-crowned Parrakeet, 
217. 
Chili Parrot, 231. 
cliinensis (Psittacus), 23. 
Chiripepe, 214, 608. 
chiripepe (Oonurus), 608. 
Chiripepe Parrakeet, 608, 
chiripepe (Psittacus), 

214,608. 
chiripepe (Pyrrhura), 

608. 
chiripepe (Sittace), 608. 
chiriri (Brotogerys), 255. 
chiriri (Psittacus), 255. 
rhloris tChrysotis), 611. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

cliloris (Psittacus), 615. 
chlorocercus (Lorius), 38. 
ohlorogenvs (Conurus), 

227. " 
chlorogenvs (Microsittace), 
227. 
chlorogenys (Pyrrhura), 

227. 
chlorogenys (Sittace), 
227. 
chlorolepidotus (Psittacus*), 
65. 
chlorolepidotus (Psitteuteles), 
i53. 
chlorolepidotus (Trichoglossus?), 
65. 
chlorouota (Chrysotis), 

308. 
chloronotus (Lorius), 38. 
chloroptera (Ara), 156. 
chloroptei*a (Arara), 
156. 
chloroptera (Eyopsitta), 
186. 
chloroptera (Psittacara), 
180. 
chloroptera (Sittace), 
150. 
chloropterus (Ara), 156. 
chloropterin (Aproamictus), 
488. 
chloropterus (Chalcopsittaea), 
18. 
chloropterus (Chalcopsittacus), 
17. 
chloropterus (Conurus), 

186. 
chloropterus (Maerocercus), 
156. 
chloropterus (Platvcercus), 
488. 
chloropterus (Psittacus), 
174,186. 
Chlorotic Parrot, 606. 
clioraeus (Psittacus), 231. 
chryseurus (P&ittacus), 

354. 
chrysocephalus (Aratinga), 
177. 
chrysocephalus (Psittacus), 
179. 
chrvsogaster (Euphema), 

573. 
chrysogaster (Psittacula), 
246. 
chrysogaster (Psittacus), 
573. 
chrysogastra (Euphema), 
573. 
chrysogastra 
(Neophema), 
573. 

chrysogenys (Conurus), 
196,197. 
chrysogenys (Sittace), 

196. 
chrysolopha (Cacatua), 
chrysolophus (Cacatua), 

chrysoloplms (Plvctolo^ 
phus), 122. 
chrysolophus (Pbittacus), 

chrysonota (Coryllis), 

522. 
chnsonotus (Coryllis), 
522. 
chrysonotus (Loriculus), 
522. 
chrysophrys (Conurus), 
195, 197. 
chrysopogon (Brotogerjs). 
260. 
chrysopogon (Caica), 259. 
chrysopogon (Pbittacus), 

259. 
chrysopogon (Psittovius), 
259. 
chrvsoptcra (Brotogerys,), 
263, 264. 
chn soptera (Psittacula), 


264. 
chry^opterus (Brotogerys), 
264. 
chrysopterus (Psittacus), 

204. 
chrysopterygius (Platycercus), 
5(55. 
chrysopterygius (Psephcb 
tus), 5t>5. 
chrysosema (Brotogerys), 

265. 
chrysosema (Conurus), 
265. 
chrysosema (Psittaculus), 
265. 
chrysosema (Sittace), 
265. 
chrysostoma (Euphema), 
571. 
chrysostomus (Conurus), 
571. 
chry-osl omus (Psittacus), 
570. 
Chrysotis, 268. 
Chrysotis sp., 282, 284, 
301. 
chrysotorques (Sittace), 
105. 
cinereicollis (Psittacus), 
607. 
Cinereous Parrot. 379. 
cinereus (Psiitacus), 379. 
cingulata (Euchroura), 

351. 
cingulata (Psittacula), 
351. 
cingulata (Urochroma), 
351. 
cingulatus (Eucinetus), 
351, 
cingulatus (Psiitacus), 
35]. 
citreicapillus (Psiitacus), 

370. 
citreocapillus (Phasocephalus), 
370. 
citrinocapillus (Pionias), 

370. 
citrinocapillus (Plietolophus), 
122. 
critinocapillus (Pyocephalus), 
370. 
citrinocapillus (Poicephalus), 
370. 
citrinocristata (Cacatua), 

122. 
citrinocristatus (Plictolophus), 
122. 
citrinocristatus (Plissolophus), 
122. 
citrinocristatus (Plyctolophus), 
122. 
citrinus (Plyetolophus), 

120. 
clusii (Psittacus), 336. 
cobaltina (Psittacara), 
147. 
cobalt inns (Pionus), 325. 
cobaltinus (Psittacus), 
325. 
coccinea (Doniicella), 22. 
coccinea (Eos), 21. 
coccinea (Sittacc), 155. 
coccinea (Yini), 45. 
coccineioollaris (Caica), 
344. t 
coccineieollaris (Pionopsittacus), 
344. 
cocci neicol lis (Pionius), 

344. 
coccineifrons (Chrysotis), 
297,301. 
coccineifrons (Cyclopsitta), 
96. 
coccineifrons (Cyclopsittacus), 
96. 
coccineifrons (Trichoglossus), 
56. 
coccineopterus (Aprosmictus), 
482. 
eoccineopicrus 
(Platycercus), 
482. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

coccineopterus (Ptistes), 

482. 
coccineus (Brotogeris), 
42. 
coccineus (Lorius), 21. 
coccineus (Psittacus), 21, 
42. 
coccineus (Tricboglossus), 
42. 
coccineus (Yini), 42. 
coccinicollaris (Pionus), 
344. 
coccinopterus (Aprosmictus), 
482. 
Cocbincbina Parrot, 28. 
cocbincbinensis (Eos), 28. 
cocbincbinensis (Psitta


cus), 28. 
cocbinsinensis (Eos), 2G, 

28. 
cocbinsinensis (Psittacus), 
28. 
coelestis (Agapornis), 241. 
ccelestis (Platycercus), 

547. 
ccelestis (Psittacula), 241. 
ccelestis (Psittaculus), 
242. 
ccelestis lueida (Psittacula), 
242. 
cceligena (Chrysotis), 295. 
Coffee-backed Parrot, 

352. 
Collared Parrakeet, 504. 
collaria (Androglossa), 
" 318. 
collaria (Chrysotis), 31S. 
collarius (Psittacus), 318. 
col urn bin us (Chrysotis), 

275. 
columbinus (Psittacus), 
275. 
coluinboides (Palajornis), 
460. 
comarensis (Coracopsis), 
383. 
Common Amazone Parrot, 
283, 284. 
Common Amazons Parrot, 
286, 293. 
comorensis (Coracopsis), 

383. 
comorensis (Psittacus), 
383. 
comorensis (Yaza), 383. 
concinna (Glossopsitta), 
70. 
concinnus (Glossopsitta), 
70. 
concinnus 
(Glosspsittaous), 
69. 

concinnus (Latbamus), 

69. 
concinnus (Psittacus), 69. 
concinnus (Tricboglossus), 
09, 70. 
conspicillata (Psittacula), 
243, 247. 
conspicillatus (Psitta


culus). 243. 
Conuropsis, 203. 
Conurus, 170. 
cooki (Cvanorbampbus), 

584. 
cooki (Platyeercus\ 584. 
cookii (Calvptorbvnchus). 
109, 112. 
cookii (Plyctolopbus), 
110,112/ 
cookii (Psittacus), 109, 

112. 
Cook's Cockatoo. 109, 
112. 
Coracopsis. 030, 421. 
corallinus (Pionias), 327. 
corallinus (Pionusj , 320, 
328. 
corallirostris (Pionusj, 
327. 
Coriophilus, 46. 
Coripbilus, 46. 
Cornelia (Eclectus), 398. 
Cornelia (Psittacus), 398. 
Cornelias (Eclectus), 399. 
cornutus (Cyanorhamphus), 
591. * 
comutiH (Xvmpbieus), 
591,592. 
cornutus (Platvcercus), 

591. 
cornutus (Plictulophus), 
m. 
cornutus (Psittacus).591, 

607. 
coronatus (Cacatua), 
330. 
coronatus (Deropfyus), 
330. 
coronatus (Psittacus), 
295, 336. 
Corydon, 113. 
Coryllis. 515. 
Corvplnlus. 40. 
Cerythophilus, 46. 
cotoVra (Psittacus), 231. 
coulaci (Loriculu^j, 527. 
coulaci (Psittacula), 520, 

525,527. 
Coulacissi, 524. 
coulacissi (Psittacus), 

525. 
couloni (Ara\ 164. 
couloni (Sittace), 164. 
Counterfeit Parrot, 286. 
coseni (Cyclopsitta), 94. 
coxeni (Cyclopsittacus), 

94. 
coxeni (Psittacula), 94. 
crassirostris (Psittacula), 
247. 
crassus (Pionias), 369. 
crassus (Pyocephalus), 
369. 
Crested Cockatoo, 116. 
Crested Mexican Parrot, 
611. 
Crested Parrakeet, 135. 
Crested red and green 
Parrakeet, 611. 
Crested Red Parrakeet, 


605. 
Crick, 283. 
Crick a face bleue, 276. 
Crick rouge et bleue, 611. 
Crimson and Yellow 
Parrot, 607. 
Crimson-banded Parrot, 

613. 
Crimson-bellied Parroquet, 
563. 
Crimson-crowned Parrakeet, 
606. 
Crimson-fronted Parrot, 

69. 
Crimson Lory, 394. 
Crimson-Tented Parrot, 
604. 
Crimson-winged Parrot, 
481. 
cristata (Cacatua), 124. 
cristata (Psittacula), 611. 
cristatella (Cacatua), 
125. 
crista tricolorata (Kakadoe), 
123. 
cristatus (Kakadoe), 125. 
cristatus (Plissolophus), 

121. 
cristatus (Plyetolophus), 
125. 
cristatus (Psittacus), 124, 
126. 
croceus (Plyetolophus), 
122. 
Crowled Parrot, 345. 
Crowned Cockatoo, 336. 
cruentata (Aratinga), 
213. 
cruentata (Microsittace), 
214. 
cruentata (Pyrrhura), 
213. 
cruentata (Sittace), 213, 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

eruentatus (Conurus), 

213. 
eruentatus (Psittacus), 
213. 
cruentus (Psittacus), 177. 
cruentus (Trichoglossus), 
177. 
cryptoxanthus (Poicephalus), 
368. 
cryptoxantbus (Poiocephalus), 
368. 
cubicularis (Palseornis), 
442, 445, 447. 
cubicularis (Psittacus), 
447, 448. 
cubicularius (Psittacus), 


448. 
cucullatus (Lorius), 28. 
cucullatus (Palasornis), 
436. 
cucullatus (Psittacus), 
28. 
culacissi (Coryllis), 525. 
culacissi (Licmetulms), 
525. 
culacissi (Loriculus), 522, 
525. 
cumanensis (Psittacara), 
167. 
cumanensis (Psittacus), 
167. 
cyanaucben (Domicella), 
35, 36. 
cyanaucben (Lorius), 34, 

36. 
cyanaucben (Psittacus), 
36. 
cyaneiceps (Prioniturus), 
cyaneicollis (Psittacus), 

411. 
cyaneocapillus (Psittacus), 
278. 
cyaneopileata (Psittacula), 
531. 
cyaneus (Coripbilus), 47. 
cyaneus (Psittacus), 46. 
cyaniceps (Geoflroy), 412. 
cyaniceps (Geoffroyus), 

412. 
cyaniceps (Pionias), 412. 
cyaniceps (Pionus), 412. 
cyanicollis (Eclectus), 
411. 
cyanicollis (Geoffroy), 
cyanicollis (Geoffroyus), 

410. 
cyanicollis (Pionias), 411. 
cyanicollis (Psittacula), 
"410. 

629 

cyanicollis (Psittacus), 

410. 
cyanicolis (Rhodocephalus), 
411. 
cyanocepbala (Palseornis), 
488, 454. 
cyanocepbalos indica 
(Psittaca), 450. 
cyanocepbalos (Psittaca), 

448. 
cyanocepbalus (Cbrysotis), 
278. 
cyanocepbalus (Palseornis), 
449, 451, 453. 
cyanocepbalus (Psittacus), 
322, 448. 
cyanochlora (Psittacula), 

251. 
cyanocinctus (Lorius), 36. 
cyanogaster (Amazona), 
338. 
cyanogaster (Cbrysotis), 
338. 
cyanogaster (Erythrostomus), 
337. 
cyanogaster (Pionias), 

338. 
cyanogaster (Psittacus), 
58, 337. 
cyanogaster (Triclaria), 

337. 
cyanogastra (Triclaria), 
337. 
cyanogenia (Eos), 19. 
cyanogenia (Lorius), 19. 
cyanogenius (Lorius), 19. 
cyanogenys (Domicella), 
cyanogenys (Eos), 19. 
cyanogenys (Platycercus), 
548. 

cyanogrammus (Trichoglossus), 
50, 51, 55, 56. 
cyanogula (Psittacus), 

322. 
cyanogularis (Aratinga), 
213. 
cyanolsemus (Loriculus), 
528. 
cyanolsemus (Psittacus), 
614. 
Cyanoliseos, 205. 
Cyanoliseus, 205. 
Cyanolyseos, 205. 
cyanolyseos (Conurus), 
206, 207, 211. 
cyanolyseos (Psittacus), 

207. 
Oyanolyseus, 205. 
cyanomelas (Psittacus), 
560. 
cyanonotus (Psittacus), 

cyanopis (Caeatua), 118. 
cyanopis (Psittacula), 


243. 
cyanopis (Psittacus), 276. 
cyanops » Chrysotis). 277. 
cyanops (Conunisj, 173. 
cvanopsis (Chrysalis 1, 
277. 
Cyanop^itt-i, 150. 
Cyanopsittaeus, 150. 
cyanoptera (Alierosittace 
, 218. 
cyanoptera (P&ittacula) 


240. 250, 251. 
cyanoptera (Sittace), 261. 
cyanopterus (A^apurnis), 
240. 
cyanopterus (Conurus), 
217, 218, 220. 
cyanopterus (Psittacus), 

251. 
cyaisopy^a pallida (Psittacuial, 
249. 
evanopysm (P&ittacula), 
*249. 
cyanopygia {Paittacula), 

* 244, 24H, 249. 
cyanopygius (Aprosmictus), 
4b0. 
cyanopygi us(Psirtaculus), 

240. 
cyanopygius (Psittacus), 
480. * 
cyan op vgns( Plat veercus), 
487/ 
Oyanorhamphus, 577. 
Oyanorhamphus sp., 589. 
cyanorb yn eha( Amazona), 

277. * 
cvanorhyncba (Ohrvso* 
tis), 270. 
cyanorhynchus (Chrysotfc), 
2*76. 
cyanorvuehus (Psittacus), 
270." 
cyanostictus (Psittacus), 

20. 
cyanostriata (Eos), 20. 
cyanothrix (Conurus), 
168. 
cyanotis (Chrysotis), 396. 
cyanotis (Psittacus), 306. 
cyanurus (Oyanorhamphus), 
587. 
cyanurus (Lorius), 24, 
cyanurus (Psittacus), 24, 

327. 
Cyclopsitta, 88. 
Cyelopsittncus, 88. 
ALPHABETICAL IXDEX. 

Cyclopsitta double oeil, 
*95. 

Dasyptiius, 385. 
Dasyrrhinus, 210. 
decorus (Psittacus), 236. 
deliciosa (Psittacula), 

251. 
deplanchei (Tricboglossus!, 
54. 
derbyana {Paheornis\ 


403. 
Deroptyus. 335. 
Derutypus, 335, 
desmaresti (Uvciopsittacus), 
91. 
desmarestii {Cyclopsitta), 

01. 
desmarestii (Cyclopsittacus), 
91, 92. 
desmarestii (Opopsitta), 
01, 92, 93. 
desmarestii (Psittacula), 
91, 92, 93. 
desmarestii (Psittacus), 

91. 
desmursii (Pyrilia), 342. 
devillei (Brotogprys), 
2(51. 
devillei (Pyrrhura), 226. 
devillei (Siftaee), 201. 
devillii (llicrositfcaee), 

220. 
diadema (Amazona), 300. 
diadema (Chrysotisj,299. 
diadema (Psittacus), 299. 
diadema (Psitteuteles), 
m. 
diadema (Trichoglossus), 
Ji3. 
diarlemata (Aiidroglossa), 

300. 
diademata (Chrysotis), 
298, 299, 300. 
diadematus (Glossopsittacus), 
OS. 
diadematus (Triehoglossus), 
68. 
Dichrognathus, 500. 
dilectissima (JSuchroura), 

350. ^ 
dilectissima (Uracil rama), 
350. 
diophthalma aruensis 
(Cyclopsitta), 97. 
diophthaltna (Cyclopsitta), 
95, 97. 
diophthalma (Opopsitta), 
96, 97. 
diophthalma (Psittacula), 
95, 97. 

diophthalmus (Cyclopaittaeus), 
95. 
diophthalmus 1 Psittacula), 
96, 
discolor (Coriphilus), 

593. 
discolor (Euphema). 593. 
discolor (Luthamus»,593. 
discolor XunuoVs , 5112. 
discolor Vshtat-u* 1, 592. 
discolor fJXrIelio.i lusms), 
^593. 
disscosurus 'Pruniturus», 
_418. 
dispo-ura* tPs.ttacus\ 

417. 
discurus 1 Pionias), 418. 
discurus (Prioniturus), 
417, 419. 4&x 
discurus (Psittacus^, 415, 

417. 
discurus (TTrodiscus), 418. 
discurus, var. suluemis 
(Prioniturus**, 419. 
docilis {Paksorais), 447. 
docilis < Phittacus), 447. 
Domicella, 31. 
domicella (Domicella), 


38. 
domicella (Loriutj), 37. 
domicella (Psitt-icus), 37. 
domieellus (Lorius*, 38. 
dominicensis i Chrysotis), 
3«a 
dominicensis ('Psittacus), 
275, 309. 
dorbignyi fBolborhynchtist, 
230. 
dorsalis fAprosmietii*), 

491,492. 
dorsalis (Geoffroy us«, 410. 
dorsalis (Platveereusj, 

491. 
dorsalis (P-sittacus), 491, 
dorsalis I Rhodociphalus), 
410. 
dorso-creruleus 1 Conurus), 
491. 
Double-ringed Parrakeet, 

442. 
dryas (Coryphilus), 48. 
dryas (Tinijs 48. 
Dubious Parrot, 012. 
dubius (Psittacus), 612. 
duboisi (Mascarinus), 
421. 
ducorpsi (Oacatua), 129. 
ducorpsi (Plissolopims), 
1*30, 
ducorpsii f Carat ua), 125, 

129. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 
63 1 

dueorpsii (Dueorpsius), 

130. 
Dueorpsius, 115. 
duerops (Cacatua), 129. 
ducrops (Plyetolophns), 
129. 
ducropsii (Cacatua), 130. 
ducropsii (Plietolophus), 
130. 
dufresneana (Chrysotis), 
•295. 
dufresniana (Aniazona), 
295,296. 
dufresnianua (Psittacus), 

295. 290. 
dufresnii (Androglossa), 
290. 
duf resni i (Chrysotis), 
295, 'AM. 
duf'resnii (Psittacus). 295, 

296. 
Dusky Parrot, 325. 
duyvenb xlei (Chalcopsittacus), 
16. 

Eastern Parrot, 397. 
eburni rost rum (Aratingu), 
201, 202. 
eburni rostrum (Conurus), 

202. 
eburnirostrum (Psittacus), 
201. 
echo (Palaeornis), 442. 
Eclectus, 388. 
edwardsii (Cyclopsitta


cus), 90. 
edwardsi (Loriculus), 


527. 
edwardsii (Psittacus), 
575. 
egregia (Pyrrhura), 221. 
egregius (Conurus), 221. 
elegans (Euphema). 571, 
572. 
elegans (Nanodes), 572. 
elegans (Psittacus), 335. 
elegans (Neophema), 572. 
elegans (Platycercus), 
541. 
elegans (Psittacus), 541, 
572. 
eleonora (Cacatua), 119. 
Emerald Parrot, 210. 
emma (Conurus), 217. 
emma (Pyrrhura), 217. 
emraaj (Urochroma), 357. 
Enano, 245. 
enops (Conurus), 186. 
Enicognathus, 209. 
Eolophus, 1-15. 
Eos, 18. 
Eos sp., 20, 25. 
eos (Cacatua), 132. 
eos (Plyctolopbus), 132. 
eos (Psittacus), 132. 
eques (Palaeornis), 442. 
eques (Psittacus), 442. 
eritbacus (Psittacus), 377, 

379,380. 
erubescens (Psittacus), 

475. 
erythroeephalus (Conurus), 
449. 
erythroeephalus (Palasornis), 
449. 
erythroeephalus (Psittacus), 
340, 449, 453. 
ervthrochlorus (Conurus), 
184. 
ervthrochlorus (Psittacus), 
611. 
erythrocyanus (Psittacus), 
611. 
ery throf rons (Arara), 209. 
ervthrofrons (Conurus), 


209. 
erythrofrons (Stylorhvnchus), 
209. 
ervthrogaster (Psittacus), 

213. 
erythrogenys (Beloeercus), 
473, 474. 
erythrogenys (Belurus), 

472. 
erythrogenys (Conurus), 
182, 471, 475. 
erythrogenys (Evopsitta), 

182. 
erythrogenys (Palaeornis), 
471,472:474.' 
erythrogenys (Psittacara), 
182. 
erythrogenys (Psittacus), 

182. 
erythrogonis (Palceornis), 
450. 
erythroleucus (Psittacus), 
378. 
erythrolophus (Cacatua), 
126. 
erythronotus (Cyanorhamphus), 
579. 
erythronotus (Platycercus), 
580. 
erythronotus (Psittacus), 

580. 
erythropeplus (Platycercus), 
550. 
erythrops (Psittacus), 

311. 
. erythropsis (Psittacus), 
306. 
erythropterus (Aprosmictus), 
481, 482,484,619. 
erythropterus (Platycer


cus), 481, 482, 483. 
erythropterus (Plyctolopbus), 
123. 
erythropterus (Psittacus), 
481,483. 
erythropterus (Ptistes), 
481,619. 
erythropygius (Palreornis), 
474. 
erythropygius (Psitta


cus), 604. 
Erythrostomus, 422. 
erythrothorax (Domi


cella), 35. 
erythrothorax (Lorius), 

35. 
erythrothorax (Psittacus), 
612. 
erythrotis (Cyanorhamphus), 
586. 
erythrotis (Platycercus), 

586. 
erythrura (Androglossa), 
30G. 
erythrura (Chrysotis), 


306. 
erythrurus (Chrysotis), 
306. 
erythrurus (Psittacus), 
306, 352. 
esslingi (Nestor), 7, 8. 
euchloris (Coriphilus), 


44. 
euchloris (Psittacus), 44. 
Euchroura, 350. 
Eucinetus, 338. 
euops (Con--N W 
186,189. 
euops (Eyop 
euops (Psittj 
euops (Psitt 
euops (Sitta< 
eupatria (Pa 


437. 
eupatria ( 
435. 
eupatrius 
(Paheornis), 
436, 437, 438, 439, 

441. 
Euphema, 569, 592. 
Euphemia, 569. 
Eupsittaca, 170. 
Eupsittula, 170. 
Eurhynchus, 102. 
euteles (Belocercus), 65. 
euteles (Conurus), 64. 
euteles (Coriphilus), 65. 
euteles (Nanodes), 65. 
632 

euteles (Neopsittacus), 

65. 
euteles (Psittacus), 64,65. 
euteles (Psitteuteles), 64. 
euteles (Trichoglossus), 

65. 
everetfci (Tanygnathus), 

432. 
evops (Oonurus), 186. 
Evopsitta, 170. 
exilis (Ooryllis), 521. 
exilis (Loriculus), 521. 
eximius (Platvcercus), 
551, 553, 554. 
eximius (Psittacus), 551. 
exquisita (Psittaoula), 

250. 
exsul (Palasornis), 459. 

fairchildi (Platycerous), 

581. 
farinosa (Amazona), 281. 
farinosa (Androglossa), 

281. 
farinosa (Ohrysotis), 280, 

281. 
farinosus (Ohrysotis), 

280. 
farinosus (Psittacus), 280. 
fasciata (Palasornis), 464. 
fasciatus (Aratinga), 214. 
fasciatus (Palasoi'nis), 

465. 
fasciatus (Psittacus), 464. 
ferrugineifrons (Brotogerys), 
253. 
ferrugineus (Microsittace), 
210. 
ferrugineus (Psittacus), 

210. 
festiva (Auiazona), 308. 
festiva (Androglossa), 
308, 309. 
festiva (Ohrysotis), 307, 

309. 
Festive Parrot, 308. 
festivus (Ohrysotis), 308. 
festivus (Psittacus), 307, 

309. 
fieldii (Psittacus), 405. 
fimhriatus (Psittacus), 

114. 
fimbriolatus (Psittacus ?), 

275. 
finschi (Amazona), 298. 
finschi (Androglossa), 

298. 
finschi (Ohrysotis), 298. 
finschi (Oonurus), 184. 
finschi (Palasornis), 458. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

finschii (Nasi tern a), 141. 
First black-capped Lory, 

33. 
fischeri (Agapornis), 511. 
flammiceps (Psittacus), 

363. 
flammipes (Psittacus), 

363. 
flavala (Microsittace), 

222. 
flaveola (Microsittace), 

222. 
flaveolus (Platvcercus), 


544. 
flavescens (Psittacula), 


248. 
flavieans (Eclectus).417. 
flavieans (Pionias), 417. 
flavieans (Prioniturus), 

416. 
flavieans (Trichoglossus), 

55. 
flavicollaris (Paheornis), 

449. 
flavieollis (Psittacus), 


449. 
flavifrons (Pyocephalus), 

369. 
flavifrons (Pionias), 369. 
flavifrons (Planus), 369. 
flavifrons (Pyocephalus), 

369. 
flavifrons (Poicephalus), 

369. 
flavifrons (Psittacus), 
290, 869, 370. 
flavigaster (Platycerous), 

545. 
flavigaster (Psittacus), 


545. 
flavigula (Psittacus), 259. 
flavinuchus (Ohrysotis), 

292. 
flavinuchus (Prioniturus), 
417. 
flavinuchus (Psittacus), 


291. 
flavirostris (Pionias), 

328. 
flavirostris (Pionus), 

328. 
flavirostris (Psittacus), 

327. 
flavitorquis (Palseornis), 

449. 
flavitorquis (Psittacus), 

449. 
flaviventer (Aratinga), 

194. 
flaviventer (Oonurus), 
191, 

flaviventris (Oonurus), 

608. 
flaviventris (Platyeercus), 

545. 
flaviventris (Psittacara), 

608. 
flaviventris (Psittacus), 

545. 
flaviventris (Sittaee), 608. 
flavopalliata (Domicella), 

41. 
flavo-palliatus (Lorius), 

41. 
flavoscapulatus (Psittacus), 
373. 
flavoviridis (Psitteuteles), 

63. 
flavoviridis (Trichoglossus), 
63. 
flavula (Microsittace), 

222. 
florentis (Psittacula), 71. 
floresianus (GreofFroyus), 

406. 
flosculus (Ooryllis), 521. 
fioseulus (Loriculus), 521. 
formosa (Euphema), 597. 
formosus (Pezoporus), 
^ 596. 
formosus (Psittacus),596, 

605. 
Forpus, 240. 
forsteni (Psittacus), 51, 

57. 
forsteni (Trichoglossus), 
51, 57. 
forsteri (Cvanorhainphus), 
580, 583. 
forsteri (Platvcercus), 
579, 580, 582. 
fraseri (Palseornis), 471. 
frenatus (Palasornis), 445. 
frenatus (Psittacus). 447. 
fringillacea {Domicella), 
.44* 

fringillaceus (Brotogeris), 

44. 
fringillaceus (Coriophihis), 
44. 
fringillaceus (Coriphilus), 
44. 
fringillaceus (Lorius), 44. 
fringillaceus (Xanodes), 

44. 
fringillaceus (Psittacus) 

fringillaceus (Trichoglossus), 
44. 
fringillaceus (Yini), 44. 
frontalis (Conurus), 192, 

237. 

frontalis (Psittacus), 

214. 
frontata (Evopsitta), 
183. 
frontatus (Arara), 167. 
frontatus (Oonurus), 183. 
frontatus (Platvcercus ?\ 
532. 
fugax (Oonurus), ITS, 
f algid us (Banksianus), 
385. 
fulgidus (Calyptorhynchus), 
385. 
fulgidus (Dasyptilus), 

385. 
funeralis (Plyctolophus), 
107. 
funerea (Oacatua), 107. 
Funereal Cockatoo, 107. 
funereus (Banksianus), 
107. 
funereus (Calyptorhynchus), 
107, 108. 
funereus i Psittacus), 107, 

109. 
fuscata (Chalcopsitta), 30. 
fuscata (Domicella), 30. 
fuscata (Eos), 30. 
fiiseatus (Chaleopstttacus), 
30. 
fuscatus (Lorius), 30. 
fuseatus (Psittacus), 163, 

579. ^ 
fuscicapillus (Geoffroyus), 
405. ^ 
fuscicapillus (Pyocephalus), 
S68. 
fuscicapillus (Phasocephalus), 
368. 
fuscicapillus (Pionias), 

368. 
fuscicapillus (Pionus), 
368, 405, 407. 
fuscicapillus (Pyocephalus), 
368, 
fuscicapillus (Psittacus), 
368, 405. 
fuscicollis (Pionias), 364. 
f uscicollis (Pyocephalus), 

364. 
fuscicollis (Poicephalus), 
364. 
fuscicollis (Psittacus), 
364. 
fuseifrons (Cyclopsittacus), 
99. 
fuscus (Pionus), 334. 
fuscus (Psittacus), 334, 

383. 
gala (Psittacus), 424. 
YOL. XX. 

ALPHABETICAL IXBEX. 

gala (Tanygnathtis), 425. 
galea* a (Oacatua), 114. 
galeattim (Galloeepha


lon), 113, 618. 
galeatus (Banksianus), 

114. 
galeatus (Callicephalus), 
galeatus (Calloeephalus), 

114. 
galeatus (Calyptorhynchus), 
114. 
galeatus (Corydon), 114. 
galeatus (Plyctolophus), 

114. 
galeatu3 (Psittacus), 113. 
galericulata (Oacatua), 
119. 
galerita (Caeafua), 116, 
119. 
galerita (Plictolophus), 
117. 
galeritus (Oacatoes), 117. 
galeritus (Oacatua), 117. 
galeritus (Plissolophus), 
117. 
galeritus (Plyctolophus), 
117. 
galeritus (Psittacus), 116, 
118. 
galgula (Psittacula), 531. 
galgulus (Coryllis), 520, 
532. 
galgulus (Loriculus), 531. 
galgulus (Psittacula), 
517,520. 
galgulus (Psittaculus), 
517, 520, 531. 
galgulus (Psittacus), 520, 
525, 531. 
garrula (Domicella), 40, 

41. 
garrulus (Lorius), 39, 41. 
garrulus (Psittacus), 39. 
geelwinkiana (Nasitema), 
142,143. 
Geoffroy, 399. 
geoffroy (Psittacula), 406. 
geoffroy (Psittacus), 405. 
geoffroyanus (Psittacus), 

403. 
geoffroyi (Eclectus), 405. 
geoffroyi (Poicephalus), 
403. 
geoffroyi (Psittacus), 402, 
407. 
geoffroyi (Rhodocephalus), 
406. 
geoffroyi heteroclitus 
(Psittacus), 412. 
Geoffroyus, 399, 


Geopsittacus, 597. 
gerini (Ohrysotis), 614. 
gerini (Psittacus), 614. 
Gerini's Parrot, 614. 
gerontodes (Amazona), 

330. 
gerontodes (Pionias), 330. 
gigas (Eurhynchusj, 104. 
gigas (Psittacus), 103. 
Gingi Parrot, 435. 
giagiuiana erythrocephalos 
(Psittaca), 418. 
ginginiana (Psittaca), 

435. 
ginginianus (Psittacus), 
449, 453, 464, 475. 
gironieri (Paheornis), 462. 
glauca (Ara), 148, 149. 
glauca (Arara), 149. 
glauca (Psittacara), 149. 
glauca (Sittace), 149. 
glauca minor (Psittacara), 

150. 
glauciceps (Ohrysotis), 
298. 
glaueifrons (Oonurus), 
173. 
glaucus (Anodorhynchus), 
149. 
glaucus (Cyanopsitta), 
148,149. 
glaucus (Macrocercus)» 
148,149. 
glaucus (Psittacus), 149. 
gloriosus (Psittacus), 542. 
Glossopsitta, 67. 
Glossopsittacus, 67. 
gnatho (Psittacus), 185. 
Gnathosittaca, 208. 
goffini (Oacatua), 129y 

130. 
goffini (Licmetis), 129. 
goffini (Lophoehroa),, 
129. 
goffini (Plissolophus), 
129. 
goffini (Plyctolophus),. 
129. 
Golden-crowned Parrakeet, 
199. 
Golden-winged Parrakeet, 
264. 
Gold-headed Parrakeet,. 

265. 
goldiei (Glossopsittacus), 
68. 
goldiei (Neopsittaeus), 68. 
goldiei (Trichoglossus), 
68. 
goiiath (Micrcglossum), 
104. 
2x 

goliath (Microglossus), 

104 
goliath (Psittacus), 103. 
goupilii (Ooryphiias), 48. 
gramineus (Eclectus), 


423. 
gramineus (Psittacodis), 
423. 
gramineus (Psittacus), 
423. 
gramineus (Tanygnathus), 
423. 
Grand Ara militaire, 160. 
Grand Lori, 393. 
Grand Lory, 393. 
Grand Perroquet verd de 


la Nouvelle Guinee, 

389. 
Grand Perroquet vert a 
tete bleue, 423. 
Grande Per ruche a ailes 
rougeatres, 435. 
Grande Perruche a bandeau 
noir, 33. 
Grande Perruche h> collier, 
436. 
Grande 
Perruche a collier 
d'un rouge vif, 


435. 
Grande 
Perruche a collier 
et croupion bleue, 

486. 
Grande Perruche a long 
brins, 475. 
Grande Perruche de la 
Chine, 426. 
Grand Vaza, 881. 
grandis (Eclectus), 392, 


393,395. 
grandis (Lorius), 393. 
grandis (Polychlorus), 


391. 
grandis (Psittacus), 390, 
393 
Graydidactylus, 320. 
Graydidascalus, 320. 
grayi (Stringops), 601. 
Great-billed Parrot, 427. 
Great Black Cockatoo, 

103. 
Great Green Maccaw, 
158. 
jGreat Green Parrot from 
the West Indies, 285. 
Great Bed-crested Cockatoo, 
126. 
Great White Cockatoo, 

121. 
Greater Cockatoo, 126. 
Green and red Chinese 
Parrot, 390. 

ALPHABETICAL ISDEX. 

Green and red Parrot 

from China, 389.^ 
Green Parrakeet 254. 
gregaria (Psittacula), 

24(1 
gresprius (Conurus), 

m. 
gregarius (Psittaculus), 

246. 
Grey-breasted Parrakeet, 
231. 
Grey Cockatoo, 107. 
Grev-headed Parrakeet, 
5U7. 
Grey Parrot, 378. 
greyi (Calopsitta), 136. 
greyi (Strigops), 601. 
greyi (Stringops), 001. 
griseieollis (Conurus), 

232. 
giiseifrons (Psittacula), 
258. 
griseocephalus (Conurus), 
258. 
griseus (Microglossus), 
104. 
griseus (Psittacus), 103. 
Grisled Parrot, 427. 
Ground-Parrot, 596. 
Grun Papagei mit gelben 
Nacken, 615. 
Griin Papagei mit rothem 

Kopfe, 615. 
Guafaroayo azul, 149. 
Guacamayo bleu, 149. 
Guacamayo roxo, 156. 
Guarouba, 170,175. 
guarouba (Aratinga), 175, 

176. 
guarouba (Conurus), 174. 
guarouba (Heliopsitta), 
175. 
guarouba (Psittacus), 174, 
176. 
guarouba viride-lutea 
(Psittacara), 175. 
guaruba (Conurus), 175. 
guatemalae (Amazona), 

279. 
guatemalae (Androglossa), 
279. 
guatemalse (Chrysotis), 
279, 280,282. 
guebensis (Eos), 26. 
guebiensis (Eos), 26. f 
guebiensis (Lorius), 26. 
guebiensis (Psittacus), 26, 

28,394. 
guebuensis (Psittacus), 
24, 26, 28. 
Gueby Lory, 26, 28. 

guenbiensis (Psittacus), 

28. 
guglielmi (Lorius), 35. 
guglielmi (Pyocephalus), 
3G6. 
guglielmi (Pyocephalus), 

guglielmi (Psittacus), 
S07. 
guglielmi iii. fCvelopsitta), 
93. 
guglielmi iii. (Cyelopsittacus), 
93. 
guglielmi iii. (Psittacula), 

93. 
guglielmi tertii (CyeLopsittacus), 
98. 
Guiane Green Parrakeet, 

185. 
guianensis (Agaporni»\ 
251. 
gnianen&is (Aratinga), 
218. 
guianensis (Conurus), 
185,187. 
guianensis (Evopsitta), 

188. 
guianensis (Maraeana), 
188. 
guianensis (Psittaca), 
187. 
guianensis (Psittacula), 
251. 
guianensis (Pbittacas), 
167, 435. 011. 
guianensis (Sittaee), 187. 
guianensis cyanocephalos 

(Psittacus), 322. 
guildingi (Amazona), 

273. 
guildingi (Androglossa), 
273. 
guildingi (Chrysofcis), 
273. 
guildingi (Psittacus), 
273. 
guilelmi (Pionias), 3CSf 
367. 
guilielmi (Poiocephalus), 
366. 
guilielmi (Psittacus), 
sm. 

guineensis (Psittacula), 

510. 
guineensis (Psittacus), 
510, 610. 
guineensis cinereus (Psittacus), 
378. 
guineensis rnbro varius 
(Psittacus), 379. 
Guiney Sparrow, 510. 

gujanensis (Aratinga), 

187. 
gujanensis (Psittacula), 
251. 
gujanensis (Psittacus), 
1ST, 189. 
gulielmi (Phaeocephalus), 

366. 
gulielmi (Pionias), 366. 
gulielini (Pionus), 36Cx 
gulielmi (Pceocephalus), 
366, 368. 
gulielmi (Poicephalus), 

366, 367. 
gulielmi (Psittacus), 366. 
gund laehi {Conurus), 

189. 
gustavi (Brotogerys), 
262. 
guttatus (Eos), 20. 
guttatus (Psittacus), 20, 
286. 
gutturalis(Psittacus),316. 
guy (Oalopsitta), 135. 
gymnopis(Cacatua), 127. 
gymnopis (Plictolophus), 
"127. 
gvmnopis (Plissolophus), 

"128. 
Gypopsitta, 349. 
Gypopsittaeus, 349. 

habroptila (Stringopsis), 

600. 
habroptilus (Strigops), 
599, 600. 
habroptilus (Sfcrigopsis), 

600. 
habroptilus (Stringops), 
599. 
hsernatodes (Psittacus), 
50. 
nematodes (Trichoglossua), 
49. 
haematodus (Psittacus), 
49, 52, 98, 60. 
haematodus (Triehoglossus), 
50, 52, 58. 
haematogaster (Euphema), 
562. 
haematogaster (Platycereus), 
561, 563. 
hsenaatogaster (Psephotus), 
562, 563. 
hsematogaster, 
var. xanthorrhous 
(Psephotus), 

563. 
hsematogastra (Eupheraa), 
562. 
haematonota (Euphema), 

568. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

hsematonotis (Nanodes), 

567. 
hsematonotus (Platyeercus), 
567. 
hsematonotus (Psephotus), 
567, 619. 
haeiuatopus (Psittacus), 
52, 58. 
hfematopus (Triehoglossus), 
50, 58. 
hgematorrhous (Conurus), 
174. 
hsematorrhous (Platycercus), 
562. 
hsematorrhous (Psephotus), 
561. 
hsematotis (Amazona), 
343, 344. 
hsematotis (Oaica), 343, 

344. 
hae.matotis (Gonurus), 
229. 
hsematotis (Eucinetus), 
343, 344. 
hsematotis (Pionias), 
343, 344. 
hosmatotis (Pionopsittacus), 
343. 
hsematotis (Pionus), 343, 

344. 
hsematotis (Pyrrhura), 
229. 
hsematotus (Psittacus), 
50, 52. 
heematotus (Trichoglossus), 
52, 54. 
haematuropygia (Cacatua), 
130. 
beamaturopygius (Psittacus), 
130. 
hasmorrhoa (Evopsitta), 

174. 
hsemorrhoa (Psittacara), 
174. 
haeinorrhous (Aratinga), 
173. 
hremorrhous (Conurus), 
173. 
haamorrhous (Psittacara), 
174. T 
hsemorrhous (Psittacus), 
333 
hahni (Ara), 168. 
hahni (Arara), 168. 
hahni (Conurus), 168. 
hahni (Psittacara), 168. 
hahni (Sittace), 168. 
hartlaubi (Coryllis), 529, 

530. 
hartlaubi (Lorieulus), 
529. 
havanensis (Chrysotis), 

276. 
havanensis ((Enochrus), 
276. 
havanensis (Onochrus), 
274, 276. 
havanensis (Psittacus), 
274, 276. 
Hawk - headed Parrot, 

335. 
lieeki (Androglossa), 
302. 
hecH (Chrysotis), 302. 
heinei (Conurus), 208. 
heinei (Grnathosittaca), 
208. 
Heliopsitta, 170. 
Henieognathus, 209. 
heteroelitus (Greoffroy), 
412. 
heteroelitus (Greoffroyus), 
412. 
heteroelitus (Pionias), 
412. 
heteroelitus (Pionus), 
412. 
heteroelitus (Psittacus), 
412. 
heteroelitus (Khodocephalus), 
412. 
hilai-is (Conurus), 181. 
hilaris (Evopsitta), 182. 
himalayanus (Conurus), 

460. 
himalayanus (Psittacus), 
460. 
histrio (Amazona), 345. 
histrio (Caiea), 345. 
histrio (Domicella), 22. 
histrio (Eos), 21, 22. 
histrio (Eucinetus), 345. 
histrio (Lorius), 22. 
histrio (Pionias), 345. 
histrio (Psittacus), 21, 
345. 
hochstetteri (Cyanorhamphus), 
577. 
hochstetteri (Platycercus), 
577. 
hodgsoni (Palseornis), 

456. 
hoffmanni (Conurus), 
230. 
hoffmanni (Pyrrhura), 
230. 
holochlorus (Conurus), 
189, 191. 
holochlorus brevipes 
(Conurus), 911. 
Hooded Parrot, 179, 

345. 
2T2 
638 

Horned Parrot, 591. 
hueti (Euchroura), 356. 
hueti (Psittaeula), 355. 
hueti (Psittacus), 355. 
hueti (Pyrrhulopsis), 

356. 
hueti (Urochroma), 355, 
356. 
Iiumeralis (Psittacus), 
593. 
hyacinthiacus (Arara), 
150. 
hyaeinthina (Ara), 148. 
hyaeinthina (Sittace), 147. 
JELyacinthine Maccaw, 
149. 
hyacintbinus (Anodorhynchus), 
147. 
hyacinthinus (Ara), 148, 

150. 
hyacinthinus (Arara), 
148, 150. 
hyaeiuthinus (Macrocercus), 
147,148,149. 
hyacinthinus (Psittacus), 
147, 150. 
Hylorhynchus, 209. 
Hypoehamiosyna, 72. 
hypochondriacs. (Oliry


sotis), 304. 
hypochondriacus (Ohrysotis), 
304. 
hypochondriacus (Psittacus), 
304. 
hypoenoehroa (Domicella), 
32. 
hypoenochroa (Lorius), 

32. 
hypoenochrous (Lorius), 
32. 
hypoenochrous, var. guglielrai 
(Lorius), 35. 
hypoinochroa (Domicella), 
32. 
hypoinochrous (Lorius), 
32, 35. 
hypopbonicus (Aprosmictus), 
492, 
hypophonicus (Platycercus), 
492. 
hypophonius (Aprosmietus), 
492. 
hypophonius (Platycercus), 
492. 
hypophonius (Psittacus), 

492. 
hypopolius (Nestor), 5. 
hypopolius (Psittacus), 
5. 
iiypoxanthus 
(Poicephalus), 
368. 

ALPHABETICAL IXDEX. 

hypoxanthus (Psittacus), 

368. 
hysgina (Pyrrhulopsis), 
497. 
hysginus (Platycercus), 
'496. 
hysginus (Psittacus), 

496. 
hysginus 
(Pyrrhulopsis). 
496, 497. 

ieteroeephala (Arnazona), 
286, 288, 290. 
ict erodes (Platycercus), 

555. 
icterotis (Conurus), 208. 
icterotis (G-nathosittaca), 
208. 
icterotis (Ognorhynehus), 
208. 
icterotis (Platycercus), 
554. 
icterotis (Psittacara), 
208. 
icterotis (Psittacus), 
554. 
ignitus (Platycercus), 
553. 
illigeri (Ara), 163. 
illigeri (Oonurus), 164. 
illigeri (Macrocercus), 
163. 
illigeri (Psittacara), 163. 
illigeri (Psittacus), 163. 
illigeri (Sittace), 163. 
illiniaca (Psittaca), 197. 
Illinois Parrakeet, 198. 
immarginatus (Trichoglossus), 
51. 
incarnatus (Lorius), 604. 
incarnatus (Pahsornis), 

604. 
incarnatus (Psittacus), 
604. 
incerta (Psittaeula), 
501. 
ineertus (Dicrognathus), 
502. 
ineertus (Psittacus), 
501. 
ineertus (Psittinus), 
501. 
ineondita (Eos), 30. 
Indian Lori, 21. 
indica (Ooryllis), 527. 
indica (Eos), 21, 22, 28. 
indica (Psittaca), 604. 
indica (Psittaeula), 526, 
527. 
indica 
coccinea (Psittaca), 
21. 

indica torquata (Psittaca), 
464. 
indica varia (Psittaca), 

61. 
indicus (Loriculus), 517, 
526, 528. 
indicus (Lorius), 22. 
indicus (P&ittacus), 21, 

450. 501, 527. 
indoburmanica (Palceornis), 
43S. 
indoburmanicus (Palaeornis). 
439. 
inftiseatus (Psittacus), 
334, 363. 
inornata (Chrvsotis), 
2S1. 
inornatus (Palseornis), 

447. 
inornatus (Psittacus), 
195. 
inquinatus (Psittacus), 
HI. ^ 

insignia (Chalcopsitta), 

15. 
insignis (Chalcopsittacus), 
15, 
insignis (Bomicella), 15. 
msigmssimus (Aprosmic


tus), 486. 
insignissimus (Platycer


cus), 486. 
insularis (Eos), 27. 
insularis (Psittaeula), 

249. 
interfringillacea (Psittaeula), 
45. 
intermedia (Cacatua), 


104. 
intermedia (Oyanorhamphus), 
589. 
intermedius (Bolbopsittacus), 
505. 
interm edi us (Cyan orh araphus), 
589. 
intermedius (Eclectus), 
391,392,395. 
intermedius (Mascarinus), 
395, 
intermedins (Muscarinic), 
391, 395. 
intermedius (Polyehlorus), 
395. 
intermedius (PsittacodisL 

395. 
intermedius (Xanygnathus), 
429. 
iris (Belocercus), 87. 
iris (Conurus), 87. 
iris (Coriphilus), 87. 
iris (Xanodes). 87, 88. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

iris (Xeopsittacus), 87. 
iris (Psittacus), 87. 
iris (Psitteuteles), 87. 
iris (Triehoglossus), 87, 

88. 
isidorii (Eos), 28. 
isidorii (Lorius), 28. 

Jaeo, 378. 
jaguilma (Psittacus), 

237. 
Jamaica Parrot, 283. 
jaruaieensis (Ara), 154. 
jamaicensis (Ohrysotis), 

286. 
jamaicensis cyaneo-crocea 
(Ara), 152. 
jamaicensis ieterocephalos 
(Psittacus), 283. 
jandaya (Oonurus), 178, 
' 170. 
jandaya (Psittacus), 177. 
janthinus (Psittacus), 

394. 
Japanese Parrot, 605. 
japoneiifcis (P&itfcaca), 

605. 
japonicus (Psittacus), 

005. 
Jaquiltna Parrakeet, 

237. 
jaquilma (Psittacus), 

237. 
Javan Parrakeet, 468, 

469. 
javanica (Coryllis), 520. 
javanica (Pal^ornis), 
465, 460, 476. 
javanicus (Belocercus), 

469. 
javanicus (Palseornis), 
465, 469. 
javanicus (Psittacus), 
468, 605. 
Jay-winged Lory, 607. 
Jendaya, 177. 
jendava (Oonurus), 177, 
' 179. 
jendaya (Psittacus), 177. 
jendaya (Sittace), 177, 

178. 
jendaya, var. meridionalis 
(Conurus), 179. 
Jeune Veuve, 231. 
jobiensis (Domicella), 

35. 
iobiensis (Geoffroyus), 
' 409. 
jobiensis (Lorius), 35. 
jobiensis (Rhodocephalus), 
409. 

Jonquil Parrakeet, 451. 
jonquillaceus (Platycercus), 
483. 
jonquillaceus (Psittacus), 
4S3. 
jonquillaceus (Ptistes), 

483. 
josephinae (Trichoglossus), 
83, 84. 
jugularis (Brotogerys), 

259. 
jugularis (Oonurus), 

261. 
jugularis (Psittaculus), 

261. 
jugularis (Psittacus), 

259. 
jugularis (Psittovius), 

261. 
jugularis (Sittace), 260. 
jukesii (Geoifroyus), 403, 
406, 407. 
jukesii (Psittacus), 403. 
jukesii (Bhodocephalus), 

407. 

Kakadoe, 115. 
Kakatoes des Moluques, 

124. 
Kakatoes a huppe 
blanche, 124. 
Kakatoes a huppe jaune, 

320. 
Kakatoes a huppe rouge, 

126. 
Kakatoes noir, 103. 
keiensis (Nasiterna), 

142. 
keyensis (Geoffroyus), 
401, 402. 
keyensis (Rhodocephalus), 
401. 
kieneri (Oonurus), 460. 
King-Parrot, 369. 
kordoana (Charmosyna), 
77. 
kordoana (Hypoeharmosyna), 
77. 
kordoanus (Oharmosyna), 
77. 
kordoanus (Coriphilus), 

77. 
kordoanus (Trichoglossus), 
77. 
koroensis (Platycercus), 

496. 
koroensis (Pyrrhulopsis), 

496. 
krameri (Psittacus), 413. 
kuhlii (Brotogeris), 45. 
kuhlii (Coriphilus), 45. 

kuhli (Domicella), 45. 
kuhlii (Lorius), 45. 
kuhlii (Psittacula), 45. 
kuhli (Psittacus), 45. 
kuhli (Yini), 45. 

lacerus (Pionias), 329. 
lacerus (Pionus), 329. 
Lace-winged Parrot, 

424. 
lactifrons (Ohrysotis), 

288. 
lafresnayei (Sittace), 

161. 
lafresnayi (Sittace), 161. 
langloisi (Psittacus), 

612. 
lateralis (Psittacus), 

390. 
Latham a front jaune, 

236. 
lathami (Palseornis), 

465. 
lathami (Psittacus), 593. 
Lathamus, 569, 592. 
layardi (Palseornis), 445. 
leaehii (Calyptorhynohus), 
110, 112. 
leaehii (Psittacus), 109. 
leadbeateri (Oacatua), 

129. 
leadbeateri (Cyclopsitta), 

95. 
leadbeateri (Lophochroa), 
123. 
leadbeateri (Plictolophus), 
123. 
leadbeateri (PJissolopbus), 
123. 
leadbeateri (Plyetolophus), 
123. 
Leadbeatei*'s Cockatoo, 

123. 
leari (Anodorhynchus), 

148. 
leari (Ara), 148. 
learii (Lophochroa), 130. 
leari (Platycercus), 

495. 
leari (Sittace), 148. 
Least green and blue 
Parrakeet, 245. 
lecomtei (Psittacus), 367. 
Leona Parrakeet, 613. 
lepida (Mierosittace), 

227. 
lepida (Pyrrhura), 227. 
lepida (Sittace), 227. 
lepidus (Oonurus), 227. 
lepidus (Psittacus), 227. 
Leptolophus, 135. 

638 

leptorhyncha (Psittacara), 
209. 
leptorhyncha (Sittace), 

209. 
Leptorhynehus, 209. 
leptorhynehus (Oonurus), 

210. 
leptorhynchus (Enicognathus), 
209. 
leptorhynehus (Henicognathus), 
209. 
Lesser Green Parrot, 

302. 
Lesser White Cockatoo, 

121. 
lessoni (Psittacula), 48. 
leaoocephala (Androglossa), 
316. 
leueoeephala (Amazona), 

316. 
leueoeephala (Ohrysotis), 
315, 318. 
leuoocephalus (Psittacus), 
309, 311, 314, 315, 
316, 318, 614. 
leucogaster (Oaica), 360. 
leucogaster (Amazona), 

361. 
leucogaster (Pionias), 

361. 
leucogaster(Pionites),136. 
leucogaster (Pceocephalus), 
361. 
leucogaster (Psittacus), 

360. 
leucolophus (Oacatua), 

125. 
leucolophus (Plictolophus), 
125. 
leucolophus (Plyctolophus), 
125. 
leucophthalma (Psittacula), 
616. 
leucophthalmos (Loriculus), 
616. 
leucophthalmus (Oonurus), 
186. 
leucophthalmus (Psittacus), 
187. 
leucopygialis (Chaleopsitta), 
30. 
leucopygialis (Eos), 30. 
leucorhynehus (Psittacus), 
293, 331. 
leucotis (Oonurus), 216. 
leucotis (Microsittace), 

216. 
leucotis (Paittacara), 216. 
leucotis (Psittacus), 216. 
leucotis (Pyrrhura), 

216. 

ALPHABETICAL I3TDEX. 

leucotis (Sittace), 216. 
levaillanti (Amazona), 

363. 
levaillanti (Androglossa), 

293. 
levaillanti (Ohrysotis), 

203. 
levaillanti (Pyocephalus), 
363. 
levaillanti (Phasocephalus), 
363. 
levaillanti (Pionus), 

363. 
levaillanti (Poiocephalus\ 

363. 
levaillanti (Psittacus), 
363, 364, 615. 
Le Vaillant's Parrot, 

363. 
leverianus (Psittacus), 

604. 
lichtensteini (Psittacara), 

213. 
lichtensteinii (Psittacus), 
82. 
lichtensteini (Sittace), 

158. 
Licraetis, 133. 
licmetorhyncha (Oacatua), 
117. 
licmetorhynchus (Plyctolophus), 
117. 
Licmetulus, 515. 
lilacina (Amazona), 301. 
lilacina (Ohrysotis), 301. 
Lineated Parrakeet, 609. 
lineatus (Psittacus), 609. 
lineola (Bolborhynchus), 

239. 
lineola (Oonurus), 239. 
lineola (M"viopsitta), 


239. 
lineola (Psittacula), 239. 
lineolata (Psittacula), 


239. 
lineolatus (Bolborhvnchus), 
239. 
lineolatus (Oonurus), 

239. 
linnad (lelectus), 390, 

395. 
linnaei (Psittacus), 390. 
Little Dusky Parrot, 334. 
Little green, yellow-
shouldered Parrot, 

615. 
Little Green Parrot, 319, 
Little reel-headed Parrakeet, 
510. 
Little red-winged Parrakeet, 
601. 

Long - billed Parrakeet 

10. 
longicauda (Palseorrds), 

475. 
longicauda (Psittacus), 

475. 
longicaudatus (Palseornis), 
476. 
longieaudus (Belocercus), 

476. 
longieaudus (Palffiornis), 

476. 
Long - nosed Cockatoo, 

133. 
Long Parrakeet, 61. 
Long-tailed Green Parrakeet, 
185. 
Long-tailed Green Parrot, 
443. 
Long-tailed Scarlet Lor}', 

23. 
Lophochroa, 115. 
Lophopbittacus, 102. 
Lori a franges bleues, 24. 
Lori cardinal, 22. 
Lori erainoisi, 394. 
Lori de Gilolo, 23. 
lori (Domicella), 34. 
lori, var. jobiensis (Domicella), 
35. 
lori (Lorius), 34. 
lori mysorensis (Domicella), 
36. 
Lori noir, 13. 
Lori noir de la IXouvelle 
Guinee, 13. 
Lori Perruche tricolor, 

489. 
Lori Perruche violet 
et rouge, 21. 
lori scintillatus (Oonurus), 
67. 
Loriculus, 515. 
Loriculus sp., 528, 530. 
Lorius, 31. 
Lorius sp., 610, 
lorius (Psittacus), 33. 
Loro garganta rosa, 

275. 
Loro eabeza amariila, 

286. 
Lory a collier, 37. 
Lory k scapulaire bleu, 

33. 
Lory d'Amboine, 394. 
Lory de Gueby, 26. 
Lory des Indes Orientales, 
37. 
Lory de la Chine, 23. 
Lory de la ]NTouvelle 
Guinee, 393. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Lory des lloluques, 40. 
Lory des Philippines, 33. 
lory (Doniicella), 33, 

35. 
Lory eeaille, 26. 
lory (Lonus), 33, 35. 
Lory male des Indes 
Orientales, 37. 
Lory-noira, 40. 
Lory 2s ouara, 40. 
lory (Psittacus), 32, 33. 
Lory rouge, 23. 
Lory rouge et violet, 26. 
Lory tricolor, 33. 
loxia (Cyelopsitta), 

504. 
loxia (Loriculus), 504. 
loxia (Psittacula), 504. 
loxia (Psittacus), 504. 
loxias (Cyclopbittaea), 
5U5. 
loxias (Psittacula), 504. 
luchsi (Bolborhynehus), 

233. 
luchsi (Hyiopsitta), 
233. 
luchsi (Hyopsittacus), 
233, 
luciunae (Palaeornis), 

471. 
luciani (Belocercus), 
471\luciani (Belurus), 471. 
luciani (Oonurus), 219. 
1 uciani (Maracana), 

219. 
luciani (Microsittace), 
219. 
luciani (Pakeomis), 
471. 
luciani (Pyrrhura), 219. 
lucionensis (Elect us), 
425. 
lucionensis (Psittacula), 
424. 
lucionensis (Psittacus), 
424. 
lucionensis (Tanygnathus), 
425. 
luconensis (Eclectus), 

425. 
luconensis (Prioniturus), 
420. 
luconensis (Tanygnathus), 
424. 
ludoviciana (Sittace), 

204. 
luclovicianus (Aratinga), 
204. 
luclovicianus (Oonurus), 
204. 
ludovicianus (Psittacus), 

203. 
lunatus (Psittacus), 183. 
lunulata (Cyelopsitta), 
504, 506. 
lunulata (Psittacula),504. 
lunulatus (Bolbopsitta


cus), 504. 
lunulatus (Oyclopsittacus), 
505. 
lunulatus (Loriculus), 

504. 
lunulatus (Psittacus), 
504. 
lutea (G-uaruba), 174. 
lutea (Sittace), 175. 
leuteocapillus (Psittacus), 
204. 
luteocristata (Oacatua), 

121. 
leuteocristatus (Cacatua), 
121. 
luteocristatus (Plyctolophus), 
118. 
luteolus (Psittacus), 
284, 
luteus (Aratinga), 175, 

176. 
luteus (Oonurus), 175, 
176. 
luteus (Psittacus), 174, 
175, 176, 284, 287. 
luzonensis (Tanygnathus), 
425. 
Luzonian Parrakeet, 

524. 
luzoniensis (Loriculus), 
425. 
luzoniensis (Tanygnathus), 
425. 
lyanopterus (Psittacus), 

217. 
lyrictus (Psittacus), 194. 
macao (Ara), 154,156. 
macao (Aracanga), 156. 
macao (Arara), 155, 

156. 
macao (Macrocercus), 
154, 156. 
macao (Psittacus), 154, 
156, 157. 
macao (Sittace), 155, 

156. 
macavuana (Oonurus), 
166. 
macavuana (Sittace), 
166. 
macavuanna (Ara), 165. 
macavuanna (Psittacus), 
163. 
macavuanna (Sittace), 

166. 
maccoyi (Cyelopsitta), 
95. 
maccoyi (Oyclopsittacus), 
95. 
Machao, 603. 
macleayana (Cyelopsitta), 
95. 
Macrocercus, 150. 
Macrocircus, 150. 
Macroglossum, 102. 
macrognathos (Arara), 

167. 
macrognathus (Oonurus), 
167. 
macrolopha (Cacatua), 
119. 
macrolophus (Plyctolophus), 
118. 
macropterus (Psittacus), 

501. 
macrorhyncha (Cacatua), 
macrorhynchos (Tanygnathus), 
425. 

macrorhynchus (Calyptorhynchu^), 
110, 111. 
macrorhynchus (Erythro


stomus), 427. 
macrorhynchus (Mascarinus), 
427. 
macrorhynchus (Psittacus), 
427,429. 
macrorhynchus (Tanygnathus), 
427, 428, 

430. 
maculatus (Oonurus), 
176. 
maculatus (Psittacus), 
175, 218, 228. 
madagaacarensis (Psittacus), 
421. 
madagascariensis (Mascarinus), 
421. 
madagascariensis niger 
(Pbittacus),382. 
madagascai'iensis (Psittacula), 
507, 508. 
madagascariensis (Psittacus), 
353, 421. 
madaraszi (Psittacella), 

500. 
maforensis (Ceoffroyus), 
409. 
maforensis (Nasiterna), 
143. 
magna (Psittacodis), 
391. 
magnificus (Psittacus), 
109. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

magnirostris (Pyocephalus), 
364. 
magnirostris (Palseornis),
439,440. 
magnirostris (Poeoeephalus), 
364. 
magnirostris (Poicepha


lus), 364. 
magnus (Eclectus), 305. 
magnus (Polychlorus), 

391, 393. 
magnus (Psittacodis), 

390, 393, 395. 
magnus (Psittaeus), 390 
Main Parrot, 286. 
maitaca (Psittaeus), 340. 
makavouana (Macrocer


cus), 166. 
makavouanna (Psittaeus), 
166. 
makavuana (Psittaeus), 

163. 
makawanna (Priraolius), 
166. 
makawanna (Sittace), 
156. 
makawuana (Arara), 166, 
makawuanna (Ara), 166. 
makawuanna (Psittaeus), 
165. 
malaccensis (Agapornis), 
501, 502. 
malaccensis (Eelocercus), 

476. 
malaccensis (Belurus), 
476. 
malaccensis (Oacatua), 
127. 
malaccensis (Oonurus), 
476. 
malaccensis (Pakeomis), 
475. 
malaccensis (Psittacula), 
501. 
malaccensis (Psittaeus), 
126,475,501. 
malaccensis (Tanygnathus), 
501. 
malachitaceus (Psittaeus), 
337. 
malaisise (Australasia), 01. 
Malakka Parrakeet, 475. 
malherbei (Cyanorhain


pbus), 590. 
malherbi (Cyanorhamplius), 
589* 
malherbi (Platycercus), 

589. 
manilata (Ara), 166. 
manilata (Arara), 166. 
manilata (Priraolius), 166. 
manilatus (Psittaeus), 165. 
Manilla green Parrot, 

424. 
mamllensis (Psittaeus), 
443. 
Maracana, 161, 170. 
maracana (Ara), 163. 
maracana (Arara), 163. 
Maracana afeytaclo, 163. 
Maracana a cou rouge, 
275. 
Maracana a front orange, 
200. 
Maracana ala amarilla, 
255. 
Maracani a tete bleue, 
172. 
Maracana a tete et plie de 
1'aile rouges, 608. 
Maracana aux ailes 
jaunes, 255. 
Maracana brasiliensibus, 

379. 
Maracana cabeza azulada, 
172. 
Maracana cabeza roxa, 
340. 
Maracana cabeza y encuentro 
roxos, 608. 
Maracana farde, 163. 
Maracana frente naran


jada, 200. 
maracana (Macrocercus), 

163. 
Maracana patagon, 205. 
maracana (Priraolius), 
164. 
maracana (Sittace), 163, 
164. 
Maracana vercl, 1S7. 
Maracana verde, 187. 
Maracara, 170. 
margarethee (Oharinosyna), 
81. 
niargaretkaj (Ohariuosyne\ 
81. 
niargarittc (Charmosyna), 
81. 
margariLaj (Charm o 
synopsis), 81. 
inargantEe (Trichoglossus), 
81. 
margarithee (Charrno. 
syne), 81. 
margarithsr (Trieho


glossus), 81. 
niarginata (Arara), 425. 
marginatus (Psittaeus), 

353, 424. 
marginatus (Tanygnathus), 
425. 

martinicana (Psittaca), 

195. 
martinicanus 
cyanocephalus 
(Psittaeus), 

314. 
martinicanus (Psittaeus), 
315. 
mascarenus (Psittaeus), 
421. 
Mascarin, 421. 
mascarina (Ooraeopsis), 
421. _ 
ma&carina (Yaza\ 421. 
Mascarine Parrot, 421. 
Mascarinus, 388, 421. 
mascarinus (Coracopsis), 
421. 
mascarinus (Mascarinus), 
421. 
mascarinus (Psittaeus), 
421. 
massaicus (Pceocepbalus), 
367. 
massena (Tricboglossus), 
53. 
masseuse (Tricboglossus;, 
55. 
mastersianus (Platycercus), 
541. 
matoni (Trichoglossus), 

65. t 
maugei (Conurus), 189. 
maugei (Evopsitta), 1S9. 
maugei (Psittacara), 189. 
mauritianus (Lophopsittacus), 
102. 
mauritianus (Psittaeus), 

102. ^ 
maximiliani (Amazona), 
32S. 
maximiliani (Anadorhyncbos), 
148. 
maximiliani (Anodorhyncbus), 
147. 
maximiliani augusti 
(Aodorkynchus), 147. 
maximiliani cenochrous 
(Pionius), 329. 
maximiliani (Pionias), 

328. 
maximiliani (Pionus), 
323, 325, 327 328. 
maximiliani (Psittaeus), 

323. 
Maximilicus, 337. 
inayeri (Pionus), 374. 
mayerii (Psittaeus), 373. 
Maypouri, 359. 
Mealy green Parrot, 280. 
megalorhynchos (Psittaeus), 
427. 

megalorkynclius (Eclec


tus), 427. 
niegalorhytichus (Tanygnatkus), 
426, 4">8 
megalorhynchus, var. 
sombensis (Tanygnatkus), 
428. 
melanoeephala '(Amazona), 
359, 360. 
melanocepbala (Caioa), 
3o8, 359, 360, 
melanoeepliala pallida 
(Caica),360. 
melanocepbalus (Caica), 
359, 360. ^ ; 
melanocepbalus (Conu


rus), 180. 
melanocepbalus (Nandayus), 
ISO. 
melanoceplialus (Pionias), 
350, 360. 
melanocepbalus (Pioni


tes), 359. 
melanoceplialus (Pionus), 
359, 360, 361. 
melanocepbalus (Pyocephalus), 
359, 360. 
melanoceplialus (Poicephalus), 
359. 
melanocepbalus (Psittacus), 
179, 345, 358, 359, 
361, 560. 
nielanogenia (Cyclopsitta), 
99. 
melanogenia (Psittacula), 

melanogenys (Cyclopsittaeus), 
99. 
melanogenys (Psittacula), 
99. 
melanonota (Eucbroura), 

352. 
melanonota (Psittacula), 
352. 
melanonota (XJroclioma), 
352. 
melanonotus (Psittacus), 
352. 
melanonotus (Pyrrbulopsis), 
352. 
melanoptera (Psittacula), 
351, 525. 
melanoptera (Urocbroma), 
351. 
melanopterus (Loriculus), 
526,529, 
melanopterus (Psittacus), 
351, 524, 528. 
melanopterus 
(Pyrrbulopsis), 
351. 

ALPHABETICAL 1NDJELT. 

melanorbyncha (Coracopsis), 
381. 
melanorbynclia (PaUeornis), 
466. 
melanorbynclia (Psittacula), 
244. 
melanorbyncha (Vaza), 
t)81. 
melanorhynclius (Belurus), 
405. 
nielanorliynchus (Pala> 
ornis), 460, 463, 465, 

471. 
melanorbynclius (Psittacus), 
460, 465. 
melanota (Psittacula), 

352. 
melauotis (Amazona), 339. 
melanotis (Oaica), 339, 
melanotis (Euehietus), 
339. 
rnelanotis (Pionias), 339. 
melanotis (Pionopsitta), 
339. 
melanotis (Pionopsittacus), 
339. 
melanotis (Pionus), 339. 
melanotis (Psittacus), 

339. 
melanotus (Aprosmictus), 
484. 
melanotus (P latycercus), 

482. 
melanotus (Psittacula), 
352. 
melanotus (Psittacus), 
352, 481. 
melanotus (Tyrrliulopsis), 
352. 
melanura (Microsittace), 

223. 
melanura (Palajornis), 
479. 
melanura (Polytelis), 479. 
melanura (Pyrrbura), 
222. 
melanura (Sittace), 222. 
melanurus (Aratinga), 
222. 
melanurus (Barrabandius), 
480. 
melanurus (Conurus), 222. 
melanurus (Palaeomis), 

479. 
melanurus (Plalyeercus), 
480. 
melanurus (Polyteles), 
480. 
melanurus (Polylelis), 
480. 
melanurus (Psittacus), 

222,480, 
Molopsittaous, 594. 
menstrua (Amazona), 

mensh-uus (Pionias), 323, 

323. J ' 
menstruus (Pionus), 322, 
menslmua (Psittacus), 
322, 327, 334. 
menstruus rubrigularis 
(Pionus), 323. 
mereenaria (Amazona), 


282.
mereenaria (Andreglossa), 
282. 
mereenaria (Chrysotis), 
282, 21)0. 
mercenarius (Psittacus), 


282.
mendionalis (Nestor), 5, 
6,7,9. 
meridionalis (Psittacus), 

5. 
merulinus (Psittacus), 
176. 
Meunier, 280. 
Mexican yellow Parrakeet, 
176. 
Mexican yellow Parrot, 

176. 
inexieanalutea (Psittaca), 
176. 
mexicanus pectore albo 
(Psittacus), 358. 
mexicanus (Psittacus), 

611. 
meyeri (Pionias), 374. 
meyeri (Pionus), 373. 
meyeri (Poeocepbalus), 
3/3. 
meyeri (Poiceplialus), 

374. 
meyeri (Poiocepbalus), 
374, 
meyeri (Psittacus), 373. 
meyeri (Psitteuteles), 03. 
meyeri (Tricboglossus), 

63. 
meyeri, iar. bonthainensis 
(Tricboglossus), 64. 
Microglossia, 102. 
Microglossum, 102. 
Microglossia, 102. 
Micropsites, 138. 
Micropbitta, 138. 
micropterus (Loriculus), 

351. 
micropterus (Psittacus), 
351. 
642 

Microsittace, 210. 
militaris (Ara), 153, 158, 

100. 
militaris (Aracanga), 159. 
militaris (Arara), 159, 

160. 
militaris (Macroeercus), 
158, 160. 
militaris (Primolius), 159. 
militaris (Psittacus), 158. 
militaris (Sittace), 158, 

160. 
militaris, subsp. ambigua 
(Sittaee), 159. 
Military Maccaw, 158. 
mindanensis (Bolbopsittacus), 
506. 
mindaneiisis (Cyclopsitta), 
506. 
mindoreiisis (Loriculus), 
526, 619. 
mindorensis (Prioniturus), 
419, 619. 
minor (Oacatua), 130. 
minor (Lophochroa), 131. 
minor (Psittacula), 517, 

527. 
minor (Psittacus), 319, 

424. 
minor undulatus (Sagittifer), 
594. 
rnisorensis (Nasiterna), 

143. 
mitcbelli (Trichoglossus), 
57, 617. 
mitrata (Evopsitta), 131. 
mitrata (Pionopsitta), 

340. 
mitrata (Psittacara), 181. 
mitratus (Oonurus), 181. 
mitratus (Pionias), 340. 
mitratus (Pionopsittacus), 

340. 
mitratus (Psittacus), 340. 
Mitred Parrot, 340, 
Mittelgrosser Papagei 
grim, mit grosser 
Haube, 615. 
Modest Parrot, 319. 
modesta (Eupherua), 500. 
modesta (Palaiornis), 471. 
modesta (Psittacella), 

499. 
modesta (Psittacula), 245. 
modesta (Sittaee), 166. 
modestus (Belocercus), 

471. 
modestus (Belurus), 471. 
modestus (Oonurus), 174. 
modestus (Palscornis), 

471. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

modestus (Psittacus), 499. 
Moineau de Gruinee, 510. 
moliniB (Oonurus), 225. 
molinse (Microsittace), 

225. 
moling (Pyrrhura), 225. 
Molucca Lory, 24. 
molticcanus (Psittacus), 

inoluccensis (Oacatua), 

126. 
moluccensis (Lorius), 39. 
moluccensis (Plictolophus), 
127. 
moluccensis (Plissoloplius), 
127. 
moluccensis (Plyctolophus), 
127. 
moluccensis (Psittacus), 
24, 121, 126. ^ 
moluccensis varia (Ara), 

33. 
monackus (Bolborhynchus), 
232. 
monachus (Oonurus), 
232, 233. 
monachus (Myiopsitta), 

232. 
monachus (Myopsittacus), 
231. 
monachus (Psittacus), 

231. 
montana (Nestor), 6. 
montanus (Nestor), 6. 
morotensis (Tanygnathus), 
427. 
mortoni (Nasiterna), 141. 
muelleri (Tanygnathus), 

425. 
miiileri (Eeleetus), 425, 

430. 
miiileri (Psittacus), 430. 
miiileri (Tanygnathus), 
430,432. 
multicolor (Euphema), 
564, oQ6. 
multicolor (Platvcercus), 

566. 
multicolor (Psephotus), 

566. 
multicolor (Psittacus), 
58, 566. 
multicolor (Trichoglossus), 
58. 
murina (Myiopsitta), 232. 
murina (Sittaee), 232, 

607. 
murinoides (Oonurus), 

233. 
murinoides (Myiopsitta), 
233, 234. 

murinoides (Psittacus), 

234. 
murinus (Bolborhynchus), 
232. 
murinus (Oonurus), 231. 
murinus (Psittacus), 231. 
muscarina (Coracopsis), 

421. 
Muscarinus, 388^421. 
musrenbroeki (Nanodes), 

86. 
muschenbroeki (Neopsittacus), 
86, 87. 
muschenbroekii (Trichoglossus), 
86. 
Mustachoe Parrakeet, 
464, 469,471. 
Mustachoed Parrakeet, 

464. 
Myiopsitta, 231. 
Myopsittacus, 231. 
mysorensis (Geoffroyus), 

409. 
mysorensis (Nasiterna), 

143. 
mysorensis (Bliodocephalus), 
409. 
mysoriensis (Nasiterna), 
140, 142. 
mystaceus (Palseornis), 
4G5. 
mystaceus (Psittacus), 

464. 

nana (Psittacara), 191. 
nanday (Oonurus), 180. 
nanday (Nandayusj, 180. 
nanday (Psittacara), 179. 
nandaya (Oonurus), 180. 
Nanday us, 170. 
nanina (Nasiterna), 141. 
Nanodes, 569, 592. 
nanus (Oonurus;, 191. 
narcissus (Psittacus), 

451. 
nasiea (Oacatua), 133. 
nasica (Licmetis), 133, 

134. 
nasica (Plietolophus), 

134. 
nasicus (Oacatua), 133. 
nasicus (Licmetis), 134. 
nasicus (Licmetus), 134. 
nasicus (Psittacus), 133. 
Nasiteraa, 138. 
naso (Oalvptorhynchus), 

111. 
nasutus (Oacatua), 134. 
nasutus (Psittacus), 427. 
nattereri (Androglossa), 

294. 

nattereri (Cbrysotis), 

294. 
nattereri (Psittaeus). 
294. 
Necropsittacus, 387. 
neglectus (Palceornis), 
439. 
Nenday, 179. 
nenday (Conurus), 179. 
nenday (Psittaeus), 179. 
Neopbema, 569. 
Neopsittacus, 86. 
Nestor, 4. 
nestor (Psittaeus), 5. 
New-Caledonian Parrot, 
545. 
New~G-uinea Green Parrot, 
390. 
newtonorum (Conurus), 

198. 
nichollsi (Chrysotis), 
278. ^ 
nicobarica (Palasornis), 
472. 
nicobarius (Palasornis), 
473,474. 
niger (Coracopsis), 382. 
niger (Psittaeus), 382. 
niger (Vigorsia), 382. 
nigerrimum (Microglos


sum), 104. 
nigra (Coracopsis), 381, 

382. 
nigra (Vasa), 383. 
nigra (Vaza), 383. 
nigricollis (Psittaeus), 
605. 
nigrifrons (Cyclopsittacus), 
100. 
nigrirostris (Psittaeus), 

465. 
nigrogularis (Tricboglossus), 
52, 55. 
ninus (Aratinga), 216. 
ninus (Psittacara), 216. 
nipalensis (Palceornis), 

437, 4o9. 
nobbsi (Platyeercus), 

542. 
nobilis (Ara), 167. 
nobilis (Arara), 167. 
nobilis (Conurus), 167, 
168. 
nobilis (Psittacara), 167. 
nobilis (Macrocercus), 
167. 
nobilis (Psittaeus), 167, 
168,173. 
nobilis (Sittace), 167. 
nobilis (Aratinga), 187, 

188. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Noble Parrot, 167. 
Noira Lory, 40. 
noira (Psittaeus), 40. 
Nonpareil Parrot, 351. 
Nooify Parrakeet, 615. 

norfolcensis (Nestor), 

10. 
notabilis (Nestor), 4, 6. 
notata (Brotogerys), 
263. 
notatus (Brotogerys), 
263. 
notatus (Coripbilus), 
47. 
notatus (Psittaeus), 
187, 609. 
novas guineas (Chaleopsitta), 
13. 
novas guineas (Cyanorliamphus), 
582. 
no^as guineas (Lorius), 

13. 
novas guineas (Platyeercus), 
13, 582. 
novas guineas (Psittaeus), 

13. 
novas hispanias (Psittaeus), 
325. 
novas hollandias (Australasia), 
52, 58. 
novas bollandias (Cacatua), 
136. 
nova? hollandias (Callipsittacus), 
136. 
novas hollandias (Calopsitta), 
135. 
novas hollandias (Calopsittacus), 
135. 
novas hollandia? (Nympbicus), 
135. 
noya3 hollandias (Paleornis), 
135. 
novas hollandias (Platyeercus), 
135. 
novas Hollandise (Psittaeus), 
58, 135. 
novas bollandias (Trichoglossus), 
57, 58. 
novas seelandias (Platyeercus), 
582. 
novas seelandias (Psittaeus), 
579. 
nOTas zealandias (Cyanorhamphus), 
581, 584. 
novas zeelandias (Coripbilus), 
582. 
novas zeelandias (Euphema), 
582, 584. 
no^as 
zeelandias (Platyeercus), 
582, 584, 586, 

587. 
novas zeelandias (Psittaeus), 
580. 
novte zelandise (Platyeercus), 
588. 
novas zelandias (Psitta


eus), 5, 8, 581. 
nucbalis (Psittaeus), 612. 
Nyrnphicus, 590. 

obiensis (Geofiroy), 411. 
obiensis (Gfeoffroyus), 

411. 
obiensis (Pionias), 411. 
obiensis (Rhodocephalus), 
411. 
obscura (Coracopsis), 

381,421. 
obscura (Vaza), 381. 
Obscure Parrot, 422. 
obscurus (Mascarinus), 

421. 
obseurus (Psittaeus), 
381, 383, 422. 
occidentals (Cyclopsitta), 
92. 
occidentals (Cyclopsittacus), 
92. 
occidentalis (Greopsittacus), 
598. 
occidentalis (Nestor), 
6,7. 
occidentalis (Pezoporus), 

598. 
occipitalis (Cbrysotis), 
292. 
occipitalis (Coryllis), 
522, 523. 
occipitalis (Cyclopsittacus), 
92. 
occipitalis (Loriculus), 
522, 523. 
ocbreocepbalus (Trichoglossus), 
65. 
oebrocepbala (Androglossa), 
290. 
oebrocepbala 
(Cbrysotis), 
281, 286, 289, 

291. 
oebrocepbalus (Psittaeus), 
280, 286, 287, 
289,293. 

ocbroptera 
(Androglossa), 
288. 
ocbroptera (Cbrysotis), 
288,293. 
ocbropterus (Psittaeus), 

288. 
ochrurus (Psittaeus), 
354. 
ocularis (Conurus), 197. 
ocularius (Conurus), 197. 
ALPHABETICAL IXDEX. 

644 

Oenochrus, 268. 
Ognorhyuchus, 208. 
olivaceus (Psittacus), 

425. 
omnicolor (Platycercus), 
552. 
omnicolor (Psittacus), 
82, 351. 
Onochrus, 268. 
ophthalmica (Oacatua), 

125. 
ophthalmicus (Plictolophus), 
126. 
ophthalmicus (Plissolophus), 
126. 
Opopsitta, 88. 
Orange-bellied Parrot, 

573. 
Orange-breasted Parrot, 
58. 
Orange-headed Parrot, 
203. 
Orange-winged Parrakeet, 
258. 
oratrix (Amazona), 293. 
orbygnesia (Bolborhyn


ehus), 236. 
orbygnesia (Myiopsitta), 

236. 
orbignesius (Bolborhynchus), 
236, 238. 
orbygnesius (Conurus), 

236. 
orbignianus (Bolborbynchus), 
236. 
orbignyi (Bolborhynchus), 
236. 
orbitula(Psittacula),243. 
Oreopsittacus, 84. 
orientalis (Eos), 397. 
orientals (Geoffroyus), 

618. 
orientalis indicus (Lorius), 
37. 
orientalis (Psittacus), 
125,397. 
ornata (Eos), 61. 
ornatus (Lorius), 61. 
ornatus (Psittacus), 61, 

62. 
ornatus (Trichoglossus), 
61,62. 
osbecki (PabBomis), 465, 

469. 
osbeckii (Psittacus), 468. 
Otaheite Parrakeet, 47. 
Otahetian Blue Parrakeet, 
46, 

Pachynus, 320. 
pachyrhyncha (Ara), 160. 

pachyrhyncha (Rhynchopsitta), 
169. 
pachyrhyncha (Sittace), 

169. 
pachyrhynehus (Conurus), 
169. 
pachyrhynehus (Macrocercus), 
169. 
pachyrhynehus (Phffioeephalus), 
364. 
pachyrhynehus (Pyocephalus), 
364. 
pachyrhynehus (Poiocephalus), 
364. 
pachyrhynehus (Rhynchopsittaeus), 
1C>9. 
pachyrhynehus (Psittacus), 
169, 364. 
Pacific Parrakeet, 581. 
Pacific Parrot, 69, 579, 

582,587. 
pacificus (Cyanorhamphus), 
580, 586. 
pacificus (Platycercus), 
580, 582, 586"! 
pacificus (Psittacus), 69, 

579, 580, 582, 587. 
Pyocephalus, 362. 
Palscornis, 433. 
Palaeornis sp., 465, 615. 
Pale Parrakeet, 605. 
palliceps (Conurus), 

547. 
palliceps (Platycercus), 
pallida (Caica), 360. 
pallida (Psittaeella), 499. 
paliidiceps (Platycercus), 

pallidiceps, Tar. amathusia? 
(Platycercus), 549. 
pallid us (Platycercus), 

647. 
pallidus (Psittacus), 605. 
Palm Parrot, 78. 
palmarum (Coriphilus), 
78. 
palmarum (Cyelopsitta), 
78. 
palmarum (Loriculus), 

78. 
palmarum (Nanodes), 
78. 
palmarum (Psittacus), 
78. 
palmarum (Trichoglossus), 
78. 
panamensis (Androglossa), 
291. 
panamensis {Chrysotis), 

291. 
panayensis (Coryllis), 

523. 
panayensis (Loriculus), 
523. 
panychlora (Psittaeula), 
238. 
panychlorus (Bolborhynchus), 
23S. 
panychlorus (Brotogerys), 
238. 
paona (Conurus), 186. 
Papegai a. bandeau rouse, 

309. _ 
Papegai a tete aurore, 
203. ^ ^ 
Papegai a tete et gorge 
bleue, 322. 
Papegai a ventre pourpre, 

314. 
Papegai brim, 326. 
Papegai maille, 336, 
Papegai violet, 334. 
papou (Psittacus), 82. 
Papouan Lory, 82. 
papua (Charmosvna)j 
82. 
Papuan Lory, 607. 
papuana (Charmosyna), 
o2. 
papuana (Trichoglossus), 

83. 
papuanus (Lorius), 83. 
papuensis (Belocercus), 
82, 

papuensis (Charmosina), 

82. 
papuensis (Charmosyna), 
82. 
papuensis (Eos). 82, 
papuensis (Lorius), 82. 
papuensis (Xanodes), 


83. 
papuensis (Palseornis), 
82. 
papuensis (Psittacus), 
82. 
papuensis (Pyrrhodes), 
papuensis (Trichoglos


sus), 82. 
Paracus, 150. 
paradiseus (Platycercus), 

540. 
paradisi (Pica), 82. 
paradisi (Psittacus), 
316. 
Paragua, 610. 
paragua (Eclectus), 15, 
010. 
paragua (Psittacodis), 
610. 
paragua (Stavorinius), 

610. 
paragaa (Stavorinus), 
15, BIO. 
Paraguan Lory, 610. 
paraguatius (Eclectus) ,15. 
paraguanus (Psittacus), 

610. 
paraguatius (Stavorinus), 
610. 
Paranus, 151. 
parasiticus (Psittacus), 
512. 
Parrakeet from near 
Canton, 454. 
Parrakeet (larger species), 
581. 
Parroquet from Macau-
lay's Island, 587. 
Parrot from Lord Howe's 
Island, 585. 
Parrot from Norfolk 
Island, 616. 
Parrot Maccaw, 165. 
Parrucchetto con collana 

di capo e petto vinato, 

464. 
Parti-billed Parrot, 289. 
parvirostris (Palceornis), 
447. 
parvula (Cacatua), 120. 
parvulus (Plyctolophus), 
120. 
parvus (Plyctolophus), 
120. 
parvus (Psittacus), 604. 
paseba (Psittacus), 169. 
passerina (Brotogerys), 
266. 
passerina (Psittaoula), 
242, 245, 247, 251, 
513, 618. 

passerina 
vivida (Psittaoula), 
246. 
passerinus (Conurus), 

246. 
passerinus (Psittaculus), 
245,251. 
passerinus (Psittacus), 
245, 251, 265. 
pastinator (Licmetis), 

134. 
pastinator (Licmetus), 
134. 
pastinator (Plictolophus), 
134. 
patachinus (Psittacus), 

207. 
patachonicus (Conurus), 
206. 
Patagon, 205. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Patagonian Maccaw, 205. 
patagonica (Arara), 206, 

207. 
patagonica (Psittacara), 
205, 207. 
patagonica (Sittace), 206, 

207. 
patagonicus (Conurus), 
20u. 
patagonicus (Psittacus), 

205. 
patagonus (Conurus), 
206, 307. 
patagonus (Cyanolyseus), 
205, 207. 
patagonus (Psittacus), 

205. 
pavua (Conurus), 186, 
187,189. 
pavua (Psittacus), 187. 
Pavouane Parrakeet, 168. 
Pavouane Parrot, 187. 
pecqueti (Dasyptilus), 

Ob'.). 

pecqueti (Microglossum), 

386. 
pecqueti (Nestor), 386. 
pecquetii (Pbittacus), 
3S5. 
pectoralis (Charmosyna), 

80. 
pectoralis (Eclectus\ 
389,391. 
pectoralis (Psittacus), 

389. 
pendulus (Psittaculus), 
217. 
Pennantian Parrot, 541. 
pennantii (Platycercus), 
542. 
pennantii (Psittacus), 
541, 651. 
pennanti, var. nigrescens 
(Platycercus), 543. 
pennanti, var. nobbsi 
(Platycercus), 542. 
pequeti (Dasyptilus), 385. 
pequetti (Dasyptilus), 

386. 
Peregrine Parrakeet, 
609. 
peregrinus (Psittacus), 
609. 
peregrinus (Trichoglossus), 
609. 
peristerodes (Palasornis), 

460. 
perlata (Psittacara), 227. 
perlata (Pyrrhura), 227. 
perlatus (Aratinga), 227. 
perlatus (Conurus), 227. 
Perriche a ailes varices, 

257. 
Perriche a front rouge, 
201. 
Perriche a gorge varied, 
217. 
Perriehe-Ara, 165. 
Perriche couronnee 
d'or, 199. 
Perriche emeraude, 210. 
Perriche jaune, 175. 
Perriche Pavouane, 187. 
Per roquet a bee couleur 

de sang, 427. 
Per roquet a calotte bleue, 

423. 
Perroquet a camail bleue, 
322, 334. 
Perroquet a epaulettes 
jaunes, 288. 
Perroquet a face bleue, 

276. 
Perroquet a face rouge, 
300, 314, 316. 
Perroquet aflancs rouges, 

390. 
Perroquet a franges souci, 
363. 
Perroquet a front blanc 
du Senegal, 316. 
Perroquet a joues bleues, 

Perroquet a joues orangees, 
303. 
Perroquet a tete bleue de 
la G-uine^ 322. 
Perroquet a tete grise, 

371. 
Perroquet a tete jaune, 
293. 
Perroquet a ventre pour-
pre de la Martinique, 

314. 
Perroquet Amazone, 283. 
Perroquet Amazone varie" 
du Bresil, 286. 
Perroquet Aurou-cou


raou, 284. 
Perroquet Bouquet, 273. 
Perroquet brun, 326, 

383. 
Perroquet Cai'ca, 345. 
Perroquet cendre, 378. 
Perroquet cendr6 de la 
GtoinSe, 378. 
Perroquet cendre* tapire\ 

378. 
Perroquet Crik de Cayenne, 
283. 
Perroquet d'Amboine, 

423. 
646 

Perroquet de Cuba, 316. 
Perroquet de la Chine, 

389. 
Perroquefc de la Havane, 
276. 
Perroquefc de la Martinique, 
316. 
Perroquefc de la Nouvelle 
Gruinee, 426. 
Perroquefc de lTsle de 
Lu^on, 424. 
Perroquet de St. Domingue, 
309. 
Perroquefc d'Or, 616. 
Perroquet Dufresne, 295. 
PerroquetgrandLory,393. 
Perroquet jaune, 287. 
Perroquet jaune ecaille 

de rouge, 3IB. 
Perroquefc Langlois, 612. 
Perroquet Lori a collier, 

37. 
Perroquet Lori a collier 
jaune, 37. 
Perroquet Lori a queue 
bleue, 24. 
Perroquet Lori Radhia, 

37. 
Perroquet Lory unicolor, 
612. 
Perroquet Maipouri, 359. 
Perroquet maille de Cayenne, 
336. 
Perroquet Mascarin, 421. 
Perroquet Meunier, 280. 
Perroquet Meunier de 

Cayenne, 280. 
Perroquefc microglosse, 


103. 
Perroquet nain, 245. 
Perroquet noir, 382. 
Perroquet noir de Madagascar, 
382. 
Perroquet Tahua de Ca


yenne, 308. 
Perroquet tapire, 286. 
Perroquet Tavoua, 308. 
Perroquet varie, 336. 
Perroquet vai*ie de Ca


yenne, 334. 
Perroquet verd efc rouge 

de Cayenne, 289. 
Perroquet vert, 389. 
Perroquet violet, 394. 
Perruche, 443. 
Perruche a ailes noires, 

524. 
Perruche a ailes variees, 
257. 
Perruche 
a bandeau 
rouge, 69. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Perruche a chaperon 
bleu, 28. 
Perruche a collier, 443, 

504. 
Perruche a collier couleur 
de rose, 443. 
Perruche a collier de lisle 
de Bourbon, 442. 
Perruche a collier de l'lsle 
de Lucon, 435. 
Perruche a collier des 
Isles Maldives, 435. 
Perruche a collier jaune, 

449. 
Perruche a collier noir, 
453. 
Perruche a collier rose, 
444. 
Perruche a double collier, 
442. 
Perruche a epaulettes 
jaunes, 451. 
Perruche a epaulettes 
rouge, 436. 
Perruche a face bleue, 
50, 51. 
Perruche a face rouge, 

71. 
Perruche a front jaune, 
198. 
Perruche a front jaune 
de Cayenne, 199. 
Perruche a front rouge, 

201. 
Perruche a front rouge 
du Brseil, 201. 
Perruche a gorge rouge, 

604. 
Perruche a goi'ge tachetee 
de Cayenne, 217. 
Perruche a joues grises, 

607. 
Perruche a large queue, 
542, 545; 
Perruche a moustaches, 

464. 
Perruche a nuque ec joues 
rouges, 475. 
Perruche a poifcrine grise, 

231. 
Perruche a poitrine rose, 
468. 
Perruche a tache souci, 
261, 264. 
Perruche a tete bleue, 57, 
58, 449,531. 
Perruche 
a tete bleue 
dans son jeune age, 

449. 
Perruche a t6fce bleue des 
Indes Orienfcales, 44S. 

Perruche a tete d'azur, 

450. 
Perruche a tete grise, 
507. 
Perruche a tete iaune, 
203. 
Perruche a tete noire de 
Cayenne, 345. 
Perruche a tete rouge, 
449, 510. 
Perruche a tete rouge de 
Gingi, 448. 
Perruche a tete rouge de 
l'lsle de Lilian, -449. 
Perruche Ara a bandeau 
rouge, 214. 
Perruche Ara a gorge 
variee, 218. 
Perruche Ara de Cayenne, 

165. 
Perruche Ara Guarouba, 
175. 
Perruche Ara pavouane, 
187. 
Perruche Arimanon, 47. 
Perruche aus ailes bleues, 
251. 
Perruche aux ailes chamarees, 
424. 
Perruche aux ailes d'or, 

264. 
Perruche aux ailes variees, 
"351. 
Perruche Banks, 593. 
Perruche couronnee d'or, 

200. 
Perruche d'Amboina, 51. 
Perruche de Gingi, 435. 
Perruche de la Caroline, 
203. 
Perruche de la Guiana, 
1S7. 
Perruche de la Mer du 
Sucl, 607. 
Perruche de l'lsle de 
LiK^on, 424. 
Perruche de Mahe, 453. 
Perruche de Malac, 475. 
Perruche de Pondichery, 

464. 
Perruche des Indes Orien 
tales, 21. 
Perruche des Moluques, 

58. 
Perruche des Philippines, 
524. 
Perruche des terres Magellaniques, 
210. 
Perruche eearlate, 24. 
Perruche Edwards, 575. 
Perruche eraeraude, 210. 

Perruehe fridy tutah, 449. 
Perruclie fringillaire, 44. 
Perruehe huppee, 604. 
Perruclie illinoise, 198. 
Perruehe ingambe. 596. 

Perruclie iris femelle, 64. 

Perruclie jaune de Cay


enne, 175. 
Perruclie Jayane, 351. 
Perruclie Latham, 593. 
Perruclie Lori, 61. 
Perruclie Lori papoti, 

82. 
Perruclie omnicolor, 551. 
Perruehe Phigy, 42. 
Perruehe poe-tere, 58$. 
Perruehe rouge d'Arnboine, 
489. 
Perruclie Sineialo, 444. 
Perruclie soufre, 444. 
Perruclie souris, 231. 
Perruehe Sparman, 47. 
Perruclie tui, 265. 
Perruclie variee des Indes 

Orientales, 61. 
Perruclie verte et rouge, 

605. 
persoriata (Agapornis), 
512. 
persona ta (Ooracopsis), 
497. 
personata (Prosopsea), 
497. 
personata (Prosopeia), 
497. 
personata (Pyrrhulopsis), 
497. 
personalis (Aprosmictus), 
497. 
personatus 
(Eclectus), 
401,403,404,405,406, 

409. 
personatus (Geoffroy), 
403,407. 
personatus 
(Geoffroyus), 
401,402,404,405,406, 

408. 
personatus (Pionias), 
403, 404, 406. 
personatus (Platycercus), 

497. 
personatus (Psittacus), 
402, 404, 407, 408. 
personatus aruensis 
(Eclectus), 404. 
pertinax (Aratinga), 


198. 
pertinax (Oonurus), 195, 
197,198. 
pertinax (Psittacus\ 192, 

197. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

pertinax (Sittace), 195, 

198. 
peruvianus (Psittacus), 
46. 
pescqueti (Dasyptilus), 
386. 
pesqueti (Dasyptilus), 
385. 
pesqueti (Nestor), 386. 
pesqueti (Psittacus), 385. 
pesqueti (Psittriehas), 
385. 
Petit Ara, 157. 
Petit Kakatoes a bee 
couleur de chair, 130. 
Petit Kakatoes a hupe 
jaune, 120. 
Petit Kakatoes des Phi


lippines, 130. 
Petit Lori de G-ueby, 28. 
Petit Lory Papou, 82. 
Petit Perroquet d'An


gola, 175. 
Petit Perroquet vert, 

319. 
Petit Yaza, 382. 
Petite Perruehe a, collier 
de l'isle de Lugon, 504. 
Petite Perruehe a gorge 
jaune d'Amerique, 259. 

Petite Perruclie a tete 
couleur de rose a long 
brins, 453. 

Petite Perruehe appelee 
Petite jaseuse, 259. 
Petite Perruehe de Bata


yia, 351. 
Petite Perruehe de Cayenne, 
609. 

Petite Perruehe de l'isle 
de Lucon, 351, 524, 
528, 531, 616. 

Petite Perruclie cle l'isle 
de St. Thomas, 265. 
Petite Perruehe de l'isle 

de Taiti, 46. 

Petite Perruclie de 
Madagascar, 507. 
Petite Perruehe de 


Malacca, 501. 
Petite Perruehe du Cap 
de Bonne Esperance, 

251. 
Petite Perruehe du 
Perou, 531. 
Petite Perruehe du Senegal, 
371. 
Petite Perruehe male de 
Guinee, 510. 
Petite 
Perruehe Maypouri 
de Cayenne, 359. 

Petite Perruehe yerte de 
Cayenne, 257. 
petrophila (Euphema), 

574. 
petrophila (Neophema), 
574. 
petzii (Conurus), 201. 
petzi (Eupsittaca), 202. 
petzi (Eupsittula), 202. 
petzii (Psittacus), 201. 
petzii (Sittace), 201. 
Pezoporus, 596. 
Phaeocephalus, 362. 
Pbasoeephalus sp.} 369, 
370. 
phaeton (Conurus), 580. 
phaeton (Platycercus), 
580. 
phaiogenys (Conurus), 
220. 
phaiogenys (Sittace), 220. 
phigy (Brotogeris), 42. 
phigy (Lorius), 42. 
phigy (Psittacus), 42. 
Phigys.41. 
philippensis (Coryllis), 
525. 
philippensis (Licmetulus), 
525. 
philippensis (Loriculus), 
524,527. 
philippensis (Lorius), 33. 
philippensis (Psittacula), 

524, 527, 531. 
philippensis (Psittacus), 

524. 
philippinarum (Plyctolophus), 
131. 
philippinarum (Cacatua), 
130. 
philippinarum (Camptolophus), 
131. 
philippinarum (Eolophus), 
131. 
philippinarum (Kakadoe), 
131. 
philippinarum (Plictolophus), 
131. 
philippinarum (Plissolophus), 
131. 
philippinarum (Psittacus), 
130. 
Philippine Parrakeet, 
524, 531. 
Philippine Parrot, 520. 
phcenicocephalus (Psitta


cus), 114. 
phcenicura (Sittace), 225. 
phoenicurus (Conurus), 

211, 225. 
phrygius (Psittacus), 425. 

648 

picta (Agapornis), 613. 
picta (Poliopsitta), 613. 
picta (Psittacula), 613. 
picta (Pyrrhura), 217. 
pictus (Psittacus), 217. 
Pihidi aus Nukablwa, 48. 
pileata (Oaica), 345. 
pileata (Pionopsitta), 

340. 
pileata (Psittacula), 340, 
345. 
Pileated Parrot, 340. 
pileatus (Eucinetus), 340. 
pileatus (Pionias), 340. 
pileatus (Pionopsittacus), 
340. 
pileatus (Pionus), 345. 
pileatus (Platycercus), 
5bQ. 

pileatus (Poicephalus), 

345. 
pileatus (Psittaculus), 
340. 
pileatus (Psittacus), 340, 
345,346,424. 
pileatus (Purpureicepkalus), 
557. 
pileatus (Tanygnathus), 

425. 
Piocephalus, 362. 
Pione a t£te brune, 407. 
Pione beteroelite, 412. 
Pionias, 321. 
Pionites, 358. 
Pionopsitta, 338. 
Pionopsittacus, 338. 
Pionus, 321. # 
pipilans (Ooriphilus), 44. 
pipilans (Psittacus), 43. 
pipilans (Trickoglossus), 

44. 
piscinator (Psittacus), 
134. 
placens (Oharmosyna ?), 
74. 
placens (Conurus), 74. 
placens (Ooriphilus), 74. 
placens (Hypocharmosyna), 
74. 
placens (Nanodes), 74. 
placens (Psitfceuteles), 

74. 
placens (Tricboglossus), 
74. 
placentis (Oharmosyna), 
74. 
placentis (Ooriphilus), 
74. 
placentis (Psittacus), 74. 
placentis (Psitteuteles), 
74. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

placentis (Trichoglossus), 

74. 
platenoc (Prioniturus), 
419. 
platurus (Eelectus), 415. 
platurus (Pionias), 415. 
platurus (Prioiiiturus), 
415. 
platurus (Psittacus), 41 5. 
Platycercus, 540. 
Platjcereus sp., 500. 
platyurus (Edeetus), 
415. 
Pleetolophus, 590. 
Plictolophtis, J15. 
Plissoloplius 115. 
Pluetolophus, 115. 
plumbeus (Psittacus), 
105. 
Plyetolophus, 115. 
Pyocephalus, 862. 
pceeiiorhyncka (Chrysotis), 
200. 
pcecilorhvnehus (Psitta


cus), 290. 
Poicephalus, 362. 
Poieeephalus, 302. 
poikilorhynchos (Psitta


cus), 290. 
Poiocephalus, 362. 
poliocar (Psittacus), 507. 
poliocephala (Sittaee), 

181. 
poliocephalus (Conurus), 
181. 
Poliopsitta, 506. 
Poliopsittacus, 506. 
polvculoros (Eelectus), 
393. 
polvchloros (Psittaeodis), 
391. 
polj'chloros, var. aruensis 
(Eelectus), 301. 
Polyehlorus, 388. 
polvchlorus (Eelectus), 


390, 393, 395, 398, 

399. 
polyehlorus (Mascarinus), 
391. 
polyehlorus (Muscarinus), 
391, 394. 
polyehlorus (Psittacus), 
390,393. 
Polyteles, 477. 
Polytelis, 477. 
pondicerianus (Beloeer


cus), 463, 465, 469. 
pondicerianus (Belurus), 
463, 465, 469. 
pondicerianus (Palaeornis), 
464, 469s 471. 

pondicerianus (Psittacus). 
464, 469, 471. 
pondieherianus (Psitta


cus). 464. 
pontieerianus (Conurus\ 

405.409. 
pontieerianus (Pala^orn:
s\ 466, 469. 
Porphyreicephalus, 550. 
porphyreoctphalus (Bro


togeris), 44. 
porphyreo vphalus ^Psittaejs4.43. 
porphvrio (P=ittaeus\ 
40/ 
porphyrocephila iGlos


sopsilia). 71. 
Porphyroeephalns, 550. 
porphyrocephalus (Grlus


sopsittacu&), 70. 
porphyron plitlus (Sanudes),
7l. 

porphyrocephalus (Trieho^
loiS^us), 70, 71. 
pjrpbyrura (Uroehrj


ma), 353. 
porphyrurus (Psittacus \ 

353. 
porphyrurus (Pyrrkulop>
is), 353. 
prasina (Arara), 183. 
Prasiue Parrot, 254. 
prasinus (Masearinus), 

390. 
pretrei (Amazoiia), 310. 
pretrei (Androglussa), 
310. 
pretrei (Chrysotis), 310. 
pretrei (Ps»itt aeus), 310. 
primoli (Aral, 105. 
primoli (Sittaee^, 105. 
Primolius, 151. 
Prioniturus. 414. 
Prionif urus sp.5 418. 
prisea (Chrysotis), 614. 
Probosciger, 102, 
produetus (Centrums), 9, 
10. 
produetus (Xestor), 9. 
produetus (Plyetolophus), 
9. 
propinquus (Conurus), 

188. 
Prosopasa, 493. 
Prosopeia, 493. 
Psepkotus, 561. 
pseudoperlatus (Aratin 
ga), 227. 
Psittaca, 443. 
Psittaca Aquarum Lupia


rum Insulap, 185. 

Psittaca brasiliensis 

fronte rubra, 201. 

Psittaca cocci nea Bona-

mm fortunaruni in


sula, 23. 

Psittaca javensis cristata 

eoecinea, 604. 
Psittaeara, 170. 
Psittacaria, 200. 
Psittaeella, 498. 
Psittacodis, 388. 
Psittacula, 240. 
Psittacula brasiliensis 

uropygio cyaneo, 245. 
Psittacula gutture luteo, 

259. 
Psittacula mexicana 
cristata, 611. 
Psittacula tovi gutture 
luteo, 259. 
Psittaculus, 240, 515. 
Psittacus, 377Psittacus 
sp., 615. 
Psittacus aiis deauratis, 

264. 
Psittacus anmzonicus 
fronte lutea, 283. 
Psittacus aniazonieus 
gutture eseruleo, 276. 
Psittacus amazouieus 
gutture luteo, 288. 
Psittacus Aquarum Lupiarum 
Insula?, 336. 
Psittacus Brasiliensis 
erytbrocephalos, 615. 
Psittacus Brasiliensis 
fronte rubra, 305. 
Psittacus Brasiliensis 
viridis capite albo, 614. 
Psittacus capite eseruleo, 

322. 
Psittacus elegans Glusii, 
335. 
Psittacus erytbroeklorus 
cristatu3,611* 
Psittacus erythrocblorus 
macrourus, 605. 
Psittacus fuscus Mexicanus, 
325. 
Psittacus Guianensis 
c&ruleus, 611. 
Psittacus Guineensis alis 
rubris, 329. 
Psittacus Jamaicensis 
gutture rubro, 318. 
Psittacus luteus Insulse 
Cuba, 316. 
Psittacus maxim us 
cyano-croceus, 152. 
Psittacus minor collo 
rniniaceo, 318. 
OL. XX. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Psittacus minor viridis, 

319. 
Psittacus nov. sp. ex 
Guatemala, 279. 
Psittacus paraclisi ex 
Cuba, 316. 
Psittacus parvus bontii, 

604. 
Psittasus 
platjcercus 
viridis unicolor, 580, 

581. 
Psittacus varius indicus, 
335. 
Psittacus viridis capite 
albo, 315. 
Psittacus viridis major 
occidentalis, 285. 
Psittacus viridis minor 
occidentalis, 302. 
Psitteuteles, 63. 
Psittinus, 500. 
Psittovius, 253. 
Psittrichas, 385. 
Ptiloselera, 66. 
Ptistes, 481. 
pucherani (Geoffroy), 

408. 
pucherani (Geoffroyus), 
404, 407. 
pucherani (Pionias), 408, 

409. 
pucherani (Psittacus), 
408. 
pucherani (Rhodocephalus),
408. 
pucherani, var. jobiensis 
(Pionias), 409. 
pucherani, var. maforensis 
(Pionias), 409. 
pucherani, var. mysorensis 
(Pionias), 409. 
pulchella (Oharmosyna), 

79. 
pulchella (Obarmosynopsis), 
79. 
pulchella (Bos), 80. 
pulchella (Eupbema), 

573, 575. 
pulchella (Neophema), 

575. 
pulcbellus (Coriphilus), 
80. 
pulcbellus (Latbamus), 
576. 
pulchellus (Lorius), 80. 
pulcbellus (Nanodes), 80, 
573, 575. 
pulcbellus (Psephotus), 

576. 
pulchellus (Psittacus), 
575. 
pulchellus (Psitteuteles), 

80. 
pulchellus (Trichoglossus), 
80. 
pulcherrima (Eupbeina), 

564. 
pulcherrimus (Platyccrcus), 
564. 
pulcherrimus (Psephotus), 
564. 
pullaria (Agapornis), 

510. 
pullaria (Psittacula), 
510. 
pullaria guineensis (Psittacula), 
510. 
pullarius 
(Psittacus), 
510, 512. 

puiverulenta (Amazona), 


280. 
puiverulenta (Ohrysotis), 
279, 280. 
pulverulentus (Psittacus), 


280, 281. 
pumilio (Psittacus), 320. 
purailio Spixi (Psittacus), 

320. 
pumilus (Loriculus), 
531. 
pumilus (Psittacus), 
531. 
punicea (Domicella), 
395. 
punieeus (Eclectus), 391, 
395. 
punieeus (Eos), 391. 
punieeus (Mascarinus), 
393. 
punieeus (Psittacus), 
390, 395. 
puniculus (Loriculus), 

527. 
punjabi (Palseornis), 438. 
Purper roode Lori, 393. 
Purple-capped Lory, 37. 
Purple-ringed Parrakeet, 
464. 
Purple-tailed Parrakeet, 
353. 
purpurascens (Palseornis), 
450. 
purpurata (Euchroura), 

354. 
purpurata (Psittacula), 
353. 
purpurata (Urochroma), 
353. 
purpuratus (Eucinetus), 
354. 
purpuratus (Psittacus), 
353. 
2v 

purpurafcus (Pyrrbulop


sis), 353. 
Purpureicephalus, 556. 
purpureocephalus (Conu


rus), 556. 
purpureocephalus (Platycercus), 
556, 557. 
purpureocephalus (Psittacus), 
556. 
purpureo-dorsalis (Arara), 
163, 
purpureus (Pahsornis), 

450. 
purpureus (Pionus), 331. 
purpureus (Psifctacus), 
70, 322, 334, 448. 
purpureus (Trichoglos


sus), 71. 
pusilla (Ooryllis), 520. 
pusilla (Grlossopsitta), 72. 
pusilla (Nasiterna), 144. 
pusillus (Coriphilus), 72. 
pusillus (Grlossopsitta


cus), 71. 
pusillus (Lathamus), 72. 
pusillus (Loriculus), 520. 
pusillus (Nanodes), 72. 
pusillus (Psittacus), 71. 
pusillus (Trichoglossus), 

72. 
pusio (Nasiterna), 144. 
pygruaaa (Hypocharmosyna), 
79, 
pygmsea (Micropsitta), 

140. 
pygma3a (Nasiterna), 140, 
142,143. 
pygincea (Nestor), 140, 

142. 
pygmsea (Psittacula), 
140. 
pygmsea geelwinkiana 
(Nasiterna), 142, 143. 
pygmsea salomonensis 
(Nasiterna), 144. 
pygmeeus (Micropsites), 

140. 
pygmaeus (Psittacus), 79, 
140. 
pygmeeus (Trichoglossus), 
79. 
Pygmy Parrakeet, 79. 
pyrhopyga (Psittacula), 

517. 
Pyrilia, 338. 
pyrilia (Caica), 348. 
pyrilia (Chrysotis), 348. 
pyrilia (Bvopsitta), 347. 
pyrilia (Pionias), 348. 
pyrilia (Pionopsittacus), 
347. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

pyrilia (Ps-'ttacula), 347. 
pyrilia (Pyrilia), 348. 
pyrilias (Pionias), 348. 
pyrillus (Eueinetus), 348. 
pyocephalus (Conurus), 

178, 179. 
pyrocephalus (Psittacus), 

178. 
Pyrrhocles, 81. 
pvrrhops (Eueinetus), 
"341. 
pjrrhops (Pionopsitta), 

* 341. 
pvrrhops (Pionopsittacus), 
341. 
pyrrhoptera (Brotoge'
rys),258. 
pyrrhopterus (Brotogerys), 
258. 
pyrrhopterus (Psittacus), 

258. 
pyrrhopterus (Trichoglossus), 
258. 
Pyrrhulopsis, 350, 493. 
Pyrrhura, 211. 
pyrrhura (Microsittace), 

225, 
pyrrhurus (Conurus), 

211. 
pvrrhurus (Dasyrrhinus), 
"211. 

quadricolor (Ooryllis), 

534. 
quadricolor (Loriculus), 
534. 
quadricolor (Lorius), 534. 
Racket-tailed Parrot, 

415. 
radhea (Psittacus), 37. 
raja (Psittacus), 37. 
Bajah Lory, 37. 
rayneri (C\anorhamphus), 
585. 
rayneri (Platycercus), 

584. 
rectirostris (Psittaearia), 
209. 
rectirostris (Psittacus), 
209. 
Eed and blue-headed 
Parrakeet, 201. 
Eed and Blue Maccaw, 
154,156. 
Eed and Blue Parrot, 

611. 
Eed and G-reen Indian 
Parrot, 527. 
Eed and Yellow Maccaw, 

154. 
Eed-banded Parrot, 309. 
Ked-breasted Parrakeet, 

49. 
Bed-breasted Parrot, 50, 
51. 
Red-crowned Parrot, 113. 
Bed-faced Parrot, 403. 
Bed-fronted Parrot, 262. 
Bed-headed Amazons 
Parrot, 615. 
Eed-headed Gfuinea Parrakeet, 
510. 
Bed-hooded Parrakeet, 

607. 
Eed Lory, 24. 
Eed-naped Parrakeet, 
612. 
Bed-rumped Parrakeet, 
579. 
Bed-shouldered Parrakeet, 
592. 
Bed-throated Parrut, 

318. 
Bed-topped Parrot, 606. 
Bed-vented Cockatoo, 
130. 
Red-winged Parrakeet, 
604. 
Bed, Yellow, and Blue 
Maccaw. 154. 
regulus (Coryllis), 522, 

523. 
regulus (Licmetulus), 
523. 
regulus (Loriculus), 522, 
523. 
regulus (Psittacus), 200. 
reiehenowi (Pionias),324. 
reichenowi (Pionus), 324. 
reticulata (Domicella), 
20. 
reticulata (Bos), 20. 
reticulata (Psittacula), 
501. 
reticulatus (Eos), 20. 
reticulatus (Lorius), 20. 
reticulatus (Psittacus),20. 
rex (Psittacus), 37. 
rhodocephala (Pyrrhura), 
229. 
Rhodocephalus, 399. 
rhodocephalus (Conurus), 

229. 
rhodocephalus (Palseornis), 
450. 
rhodocephalus (Psittacus), 
449. 
rhocloeorytha(Chrysofcis), 

296. 
rhodogaster 
(Conurus), 
228, 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

rhodogaster (Pyrrhura), 

228. 
rhodogaster(Sittace),228. 
rhodogastra (Pyrrhura), 
228. 
rhodolorus (Plictolopbus), 
128. 
rhodops (Eclectus), 40J, 
405, 408. 
rhodops (Geoffroy), 405. 
rbodops (Geoifroyus), 

405. 
rhodops (Pionias), 401, 
405. 
rhodops (Psittacus), 401, 
404, 405, 408. 
Ehoclurus, 377. 
Ehynchopsitta, 168. 
Ehynchopsittacus, 168. 
rieinata (Eos), 28. 
riciniata (Doroicella), 27, 

28. 
riciniata (Eos), 28. 
riciniatus (Lorius), 28,29. 
riciniatus (Psittacus), 28. 
riciniatus, Tar. wailaeei 
(Lorius), 27 
riedeli (Eclectus), 396. 
Ring Parrakeet, 435. 
Eobust Parrot, 363. 
robustus (Pionias), 363, 

365. 
robustus (Pyocephalus), 
363. 
robustus (Poicephalus), 
363,364. 
robustus (Psittacus), 363, 

365. 
rodericanus (Eclectus), 
388. 
rodericanus (ISTecropsittacus), 
387. 
rodericanus (Psittacus), 

387. 
roratus (Eclectus), 393. 
roratus (Psittacus), 393. 
rosa (Palseornis), 450, 
453, 458. 
rosa (Psittacus), 453. 
rosacea (Cacatua), 126. 
rosaceus (Paheornis), 

478. 
rosaceus (Platycercus), 
478. 
rosaceus (Plictolopbus), 
127. 
rosaceus (Plyctolopkus). 
127. 
rosaceus (Polyteles), 478. 
rosaceus (Psittacus), 126. 
rosea (Cacatua), 132. 
rosea (Kakadoe), 132. 
Pose Cockatoo, 132. 
Eose-coloured Cockatoo, 

132. 
Eose-frouted Parrot, 606. 
Eose-headed Eing Parrakeet, 
453. 
roseicapilla (Agapornis), 

513. 
roseicapilla (Cacatua), 
132, 618. 
roseicapilla (Eolopbus), 

132. 
roseicapilla (Plictolophus), 
132. 
roseicapillus (Eolopbus), 

132. 
roseicapillus (Plictolopbus), 
132. 
roseicapillus (Plissolopbus), 
133. 
roseicapillus (Plyctolophus), 
132. 
roseicollis (Agapornis), 

512. 
roseicollis (Psittacula), 
512. 
roseicollis (PsittacuB), 
512. 
roseifrons (Conurus), 
219. 
roseifrons (Pyrrbura), 
219. 
rosenbergi (Trirhoglossus), 
01. 
Eose-ringed Parrakeet, 
442, 443, 444, 461. 
roseus (Eolopbus), 132. 
rowleyi (Cyanorhani


pbus), 583. 
rowleyi (Platycercus), 

f 83, 584. 
ruber (Lorius), 24, 612. 
ruber (Psittacus), 24, 

378. 
rubiginosa (Chalcopsitfca), 
29. 
rubiginosa (Domicella), 
29. 
rubiginosa (Eos), 29. 
rubigiuosus (Lorius), 29. 
rubiginosus (Triehoglossus), 
29. 
rubra (Domicella), 25. 
rubra (Eos), 23, 24, 25. 
rubrioollis (Psittacula), 

510. 
rubrifrons (Chalcopsitta), 
17. 
rubrifrons(Conurus),183. 
rubrifrons (Eos), 17. 
rubrifrons (Lathamus), 

593. 
rubrifrons (Loriculus), 
525. 
rubrifrons (Psittacula), 

525. 
rubrifrons (Psittacus), 
69. 
rubrigena (Ara), 161. 
rubrigena (Arara), 161. 
rubrigenis (Ara), 161. 
rubrigenis (Sittace), 161. 
rubrigenys (Ara), 161. 
rubrigenys (Aracanga), 
161. 
rubrigenys (Macrocercus), 
161. 
rubrigenys (Primolius), 

rubrigularis (Coripbilus 
?), 76. 
rubrigularis (Hypocharraosyna), 
76. 
rubrigularis (Pionias), 

323. 
rubrigularis (Pionus), 
323. 
rubrigularis (Trichoglossus), 
76. 
rubrilarvata (Psittacara), 

182. 
rubrinotatus (Coripbilus), 
76. 
rubripennis (Psittacus), 
484. 
rubripileum (Neopsittacus), 
88. 
rubrirostris (Bolborhynchus), 
235. 
rubrirostris (Conurus), 

235. 
rubrirostris (Myiopsitta), 
235. 
rubritorquatus (Trichoglossus), 
60. 
rubritorques (Trichoglossus), 
60,617. 
rubritorquis (Conurus), 

190. 
rubritorquis (Trichoglossus), 
60. 
rubroeristata (Cacatua), 
126, 127. 
rubrocristatus (Cacatua), 

127. 
rubrocristatus (Kakadoe), 
127. 
rubrogaleatus (Kakadoe), 

114. 
rubrogenis (Ara), 161. 
rubrogenys (Ara), 161. 
rubrolarvatus (Conurus), 

182. 
rubronotata (Charmosyna), 
76. 
rubronotata (Hypocharmosyna), 
76. 
nibronotatus (Nanodes), 

77. 
rubronotafcns (Psitteuteles), 
76, 77. 
nibronotatus (Trichoglossus), 
76. 
rubrovarius (Psittacus), 
379, 
rueppelli (Pceocephalus), 

375. 
rueppelli (Psittacus), 375. 
Buff-necked Parrot, 336. 
rufieaudus (Leptorhynchus), 
209. 
rufifrons (Pezoporus), 

556. 
rufifrons (Platycercus), 
556. 
rufigularis (Trichoglossus), 
76. 
rufirostris (Conurus), 
235, 254, 445. 
rufirostris (Psittacus), 
185, 254, 443. 
rufirostris (Tirica), 254. 
rufiventris (Pseocepha


lus), 372. 
rufiventris (Pionias), 372. 
rufiventris (Pionus), 

372. 
rufiventris (Pceocephalus), 
372. 
rufiventris (Poicephalus), 

372. 
rufiventris (Psittacus), 
372. 
rupicola (Conurus), 224. 
rupicola (Microsittace), 
225. 
rupicola (Pyrrbura), 224. 
rupicolus (Conurus), 225. 
ruppelli (Pseoeephalus), 
375. 
riippelli (Pbseocephalus), 
375. 
riippelK (Poeocepbalus), 

375. 
riippelli (Poicephalus), 
375. 
ruppelli (Pionias), 375. 
riippelli (Psittacus), 375. 
riippellii (Poicephalus), 
375. 
sacer (Palajornis), 437. 

ALPHABETICAL EtfDEX. 

saffirinus (Psittacus), 48. 
sagittifer antkopeplus 
(Psittacus), 479. 
sagittifer barrabandi 
(Psittacus), 478. 
sagittifer colomboides 
(Conurus), 400. 
sagittifer melanura (Psittacus), 
479. 
sagittifer rosaceus (Psittacus), 
478. 
saisseti (Cyanorhamphus), 
586. 
saisseti (Platycercus), 

587. 
sallaii (Araazona), 315. 
sallaei (Chrysotis), 314. 
sallsei (Psittacus), 315. 
Ballei (Chrysotis), 315. 
salvadorii (Cyclopsittacus), 
89. 
salvadorii (Lorius), 617. 
salvini (Chrysotis), 300. 
samoensis (Charmosyna), 

610. 
sancti thomse (Psittaculus), 
251. 
st. thomce (Psittacus), 
251,265. 
st. thotuoB (Sittace), 266. 
Sanguine Parrakeet, 213. 
sanguinea (Cacalua), 127, 

128, 129, 130. 
sanguinea (Lopbochroa), 

128. 
sanguineus (Eolopbus), 
128. 
sanguineus (Plictolophus), 
128. 
sanguineus (Plissolophus), 
128. 
sanguineus (Plyctolophus), 
128. 
Sapphire-crowned Parrakeet, 
531. 
sapphirinus (Brotogeris), 

47. 
sapphirinus (Coriphilus), 
47. _ _ 
sapphirinus (Psittacus), 
47. 
Scaly-breasted Parrakeet, 
217. 
scapularis (Platycercus), 
486. 
scapulatus (Aprosmictus), 
487. 
scapulatus (Platycercus), 
487. 
scapulatus (Psittacus), 
486. 
Scarlet and Gfreen Parrot, 

486. 
Scarlet-breasted Parrot, 
478. 
Scarlet Lory, 39, 40. 
sekiMiceps (Paheornis), 
456, 458, 466. 
schlegelii (Domicella)r 

25. 
schlegeli (Geoffi-ovus), 
406. 
scintillans (Chaleopsitta), 
17. 
scintillans (Chalcopsittacus), 
18. 
scintillans (Psittacus), 

16. 
scintillata (Chaleopsitta), 
16. 
scintillata (Dornicella), 
17, 18. 
scintillata (Eos), 16, 18. 
scintillatus (Chalco psit


tacus), 16, 17, IS. 
scintillatus (Eos), 17. 
scintillatus (Lorius), 10. 
scintillatus (Psittacus), 

16. 
selateri (Ooryllis), 533. 
sclateri (Lorieulus), 533. 
selateri (Psittaeula), 
244. 
sclateri (Psiltaculus), 
244. 
sebanus (Psittacus), 33. 
Second black - capped 
Lory, 37. 
Seconde variete du Perroquet 
cendre, 380. 
selinoides (Psittacus), 

330. 
semicollaris {Psittacus), 
58. 
semilarvata (Domicella), 

26. 
semilarvata (Eos), 25. 
semilarvatus (Lorius), 
20. 
semirostris (Psittacus), 
442. 
semitorquatus (Bamardius). 
559. 
semitorquatus (Platycercus), 
iioS, 559. 
seinitorqu'itus (Psittacus), 
559. 
Senegal Parrot, 371. 
senegalensis (Pceocepba


lus),371, 372. 
senegalensis (Poicephalus), 
371. 

senegalensis (Psittacula), 

371. 
senegalensis (Psittacus), 
371, 372. 
senegalus (Pyocephalus), 

371. 
senegalus (Pionias), 371, 
372. 
senegalus (Pionus), 371. 
senegalus (Pyocephalus), 
371. 
senegalus (Poicephalus), 
371. 
senegalus (Pyocephalus), 
371. 
senegalus (Psittacus),371, 
372. 
senes (Psittacus), 181. 
senilis (Amazona), 332. 
senilis (Pionias), 332. 
senilis (Pionus), 331. 
senilis (Psittacus), 328, 
331. 
seniloicles (Pionus), 330. 
seniloides (Psittacus),330. 
setarius (Platycercus ?), 
415. 
setarius (Prioniturus), 
415. 
setarius (Psittacus), 415. 
severa (Ara), 161. 
severa (iSittace), 162. 
severus (Arara), 162. 
severus (Conurus), 162. 
severus (Macrocercus), 
162. 
severus (Primolius), 162. 
severus (Psittacus), 161. 
Short-tailed Parrakeet, 
614. 
sibilans (Ooracopsis), 
384. 
signatus (Chrysotis), 
319. 
signatus (Psittacus), 319, 
449. 
similis (Oonurus), 186. 
simplex (Geofi'royus), 
413. 
simplex (Pionias), 413. 
simplex (Pyocephalus), 
373. 
simplex (Psittacus), 616. 
simplex (JRhodocephalus), 
413. 
Sincialo, 443. 
sincialo (Psittacus), 444. 
sinensis (Lorius), 391. 
sinensis (Psittacus), 389. 
siquijorensis (Loriculus), 
526. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

sitophagus (Oonurus). 

237. 
sitophagus (Myiopsitta), 
237. 
Sittace, 147, 150, 253. 
sivalensis (Pakeornis), 
437, 438. 
Siy, 327. 
siy (Pionus), 328. 
siy (Psittacus), 327, 

328. 
Small Parrakeet, 71. 
Smallest Green and Bed 
Indian Paroquet, 526. 
smaragdina (Domicella), 

48. 
smaragdina (Microsittace), 
211. 
smaragdina (Psittacara), 

211. 
smaragdina (Pyrrhura), 
211. 
smaragdina (Sittace),210. 
smaragclineus (Conurus), 
211. 
smaragdinis (Ooripliilus), 
48. 
smaragdinis (Pbittacula), 
48. 
smaragdinus (Conurus), 
210. 
smaragdinus (Coriphilus), 
48. 
smaragdinus (Nanodes), 

48. 
smaragdinus (Psittaculus), 
48. 
smaragdinus (Psittacus), 

210. 
smaragdinus (Trichoglossus), 
48. 
Society Parrot, 579. 
Solenoglossus, 102. 
solan deri (Calyptorhyn


chus), 113. 
Soianders Cockatoo, 112. 
solandri (Oalyptorhyn


chus),112. 
solandri (Plyctoloplius), 

112. 
solandri (Psittacus), 112. 
solitaria (Domicella), 
42. 
solitarius (Oalliptilus), 
42. 
solitarius (Coriphilus), 
42. 
solitarius (Lorius), 42. 
solitarius (Nanodes), 42. 
solitarius (Phigys), 42. 
solitarius (Psittacus), 42. 
solitarius (Trichoglos


sus), 42. 
Solitary Parrot, 42. 
solsticialis (Oonurus), 

176. 
solstitialis (Aratinga), 
176. 
solstitialis (Oonurus), 
175. 
solstitialis (Psittacaria), 
176. 
solstitialis (Psittacus), 
175,178. 
solstitialis (Sittace), 176. 
sonnerati (Psittacus), 435. 
sonneti (Psittacus), 435. 
sordida (Amazona), 327. 
sordidus (Chrysotis), 326. 
sordidus (Pionias), 326, 

327. 
sordidus (Pionus), 325, 
327. 
sordidus (Psittacus), 325, 
327. 
Sosove, 609. 
sosove (Aratinga), 609. 
sosove (Brotogerys), 609. 
sosove (Psittacus), 261, 
263, 609. 
souancei (Conurus), 223, 

224. 
souancei (Microsittace), 
223. 
souancei (Pyrrhura), 223. 
Southern Brown Parrot, 
5. 
spadiceoaephalus (Psittacus), 
405. 
sparmanii (Lathamus), 

582. 
sparmanni (Brotogeris), 
47. 
sparmanni (Psittacus), 
47. 
Sparrow-Parrakeet, 44. 
spatulifer (Urodiscus), 
418. 
spatuliger (Prioniturus), 
418. 
spatuliger (Psittacus), 
415,417. 
snatuliger (Urodiscus), 
^418. 
speciosus (Lorius), 36. 
speculatus (Conurus), 

223. 
spengeli (Psittacula), 
250. 
spengleri (Psittacula), 
250. 
spixi (Cyanop&itta), 150. 
spixi (Oyanopsittacus), 

150. 
spixi (Macrocercus), 150. 
spixii (Ara), 150. 
spixii (Sittace), 150. 
splendens (Aprosmictus), 
494. 
splendens (Platycercus), 
493, 497splendens 
(Pyrrhulopsis), 

493. 
splendida (Euphenia), 
576. 
splendida (Euphemia), 
576. 
splendida (Neophema), 
576. 
splendidus (Platycercus), 
553. 
splendidus (Psittacus), 
542. 
Spotted Parrot, 65. 
spurius (Platycercus), 
557. 
spurius (Porphyrocephalus), 
556. 
spurius (Psittacus), 556. 
spurius (Purpureicepha


lus), 557. 
squamata (Eos), 25, 26. 
squamata (Microsittace), 

218. 
squamata (Pyrrhura), 
218. 
squamatus (Lorius), 25. 
squamatus (Psittacus), 
26. 
squameus (Psittacus), 26. 
squammato-torquata 
(Psittacula), 504. 
squammosus (Psittacus), 

218. 
squamosus (Conurus), 
218. 
squamosus (Psittacara), 
218. 
stanleyi (Platycercus), 
554. ^ 
stayorini (Chalcopsittacus), 
15. 
stavorini (Domicella), 15. 
stavorini (Eclectus), 15. 
stavorini (Lorius), 15. 
stavorini (Psittacodis), 

15. 
stavoriui (Psittacus), 15. 
Stavorinius, 610. 
Stavorinus, 610. 
stavorinus (Psittacodis), 
15,610. 
stellae (Charmosyna), 8i}.^ 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

stellatus (Calyptorhynchus), 
110, 111, 112. 
stictoptera (Euchroura), 

357. 
stictoptera (Psittacula), 
357. 
stictoptera (Urochroma), 
357. 
stigmata (Coryllis), 535. 
stigmata (Psittacula), 
535. 
stigmatus (Loriculus), 
535. 
stigmatus (Nanodes), 535. 
stigmatus (Psittacus), 
535. 
strenuus (Psittacus), 169. 
streptophorus (Psittacus), 
504. 
Strigops, 599. 
Strigopsis, 599. 
Stringops, 599. 
Stringopsis, 599. 
Stylorhynchus, 209. 
suavissima (Cyclopsitta), 

98. 
suavissimus (Cyclopsittacus), 
98. 
subaffinis (Tanygnathus), 

429. 
subcaerulea (Brotogerys), 
260. 
subcterulea (Sittace), 260. 
subcacruleus (Psittovius), 
260. 
subflavescens (Cyanorhamphus), 
583. 
subplacens (Coriphilus), 


75. 
subplacen«(Hypocharmosyna), 
75. 
subplacens (Psitteuteles), 

75. 
subplacens (Trichoglossus), 
75. 
sulaensis (Aprosmictus), 

492. 
suckesii (Psittacus), 403, 
406. 
suclestiensis (Geoffroyus), 
400. 
sulfureus major (Kakadoe), 
117. 
sulfureus (Plyctoloplius), 

121. 
sulphurata (Cacatua), 
121. 
sulpburea (Cacatua), 120, 
121. 
sulphureus (Cacatua), 
120. 
sulphureus (Plictolophus), 
121. 
sulphureus (Plyctoloplius), 
118,121. 
sulphureus (Psittacus), 
118,120. 
sulphureus minor (Psittacus), 
121. 
Sulphur-headed Parrot, 

545. 
Sulphur Parrakeet, 444. 
suluensis (Prioniturus), 
419. 
sumatranus (Eclectus), 
430. 
sumatranus (Loriculus), 
432. 
sumatranus (Psittacodis), 
430. 
sumatranus (Psittacus), 
430. 
sumatranus (Tanvgnathus), 
425, 430/432. 
sumbaven&is (Geoffroyus), 

407. 
superbus (Lorius), 36. 
superbus (Xestor), 7. 
surda (Euchroura), 355. 
surda (Psittacula), 354. 
surda (Lrochrorna), 
354. 
surd us (Eucinetus), 355. 
surdus (Psittacus), 354. 
surdus (Pyrrhulopsis), 
355. 
swainsoni (Psittacus), 
478. 
swainsoni (Trichogiossus), 
58. 
swindereni (Psittacula), 


514. 
swindereniana (Agapornis), 
514. 
swindereniana (Psittacula), 
514. 
swinderiana (Agapornis), 

514. 
swinderiana (Psittacula), 
514. ^ 
swinderianus( Agapornis), 
514. 
swinderianus (Poicephalus), 
514. 
swinderianus (Psittaculus). 
514. 
swinderianus (Psittacus), 

514. 
swindernaina (Agapornis), 
514. 
swinclemiana 
(Agapornis), 
514. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 
6o5 

swinderniana(Psittacula), 

514. 
swindernianus 
(Psittacus), 
514. 

Tabuan Parrot, 486, 493, 

494. 
tabuanus (Psittacus), 486. 
tabuensis (Aprosmictus), 
495. 
tabuensis 
(Platycercus), 
491, 494, 495, 496, 

497. 
tabuensis (Psittacus),486, 
494. 
taitiana (Doinicella), 47. 
taitianus (Coriopkilus), 
47. 
taitianus (Coripkilus), 
46. 
taitianus (Nanodes), 47. 
taitianus (Psittacus), 46. 
taitianus (Trichoglossus), 
47. 
tannaensis (Platycercus), 
579. 
Tanygnathus, 422. 
taraba (Psittacus), 615. 
Tarabe, 615.. 
Tarabe brasiliensibus, 
615. 
tarabe (Psittacodis), 615. 
tarabe (Psittacus), 275, 
615. 
taranta (Agapornis), 509. 
taranta (Poicepkalus), 
509. 
taranta (Psittacula), 509. 
taranta (Psittacus\ 509. 
tarantae (Agapornis), 509. 
tarantse (Psittacula), 509. 
tarantee (Psittaculus), 
509. 
tarantre (Psittacus), 509. 
taviuensis (Platycercus), 
497. 
tayiunensis (Platycercus), 
497. 
taviunensis (Pyrrkulopsis), 
497. 
Tavoua, 308. 
temminckii (Banksianus), 

112. 
temminckii(Calyptorhyncbus), 
110, 112. 
temminckii (Conurus), 


236. 
temminckii (Psittacus), 
112, 
tener (Coryllis), 538. 
tener (Loriculus), 538. 


tenuirostris (Cacatua), 

134. 
tenuirostris (Kakadoe), 
134. 
tenuirostris (Licmetis), 
134. 
tenuirostris (Plyctolophus), 
133. 
tenuirostris (Psittacus), 

133. 
ternatensis (Psittacus), 
451. 
terrestris (Pezoporus), 
597. 
terrestris (Psittacus), 596. 
thalassina (Cbrysotis), 
294. 
thalassinus (Psittacus), 
204, 294. 
Tkecan Parrot, 207. 
tibialis (Doinicella), 39. 
tibialis (Lorius), 39. 
tigrina (Bolborhynckus), 

239. 
tigrina (Myiopsitta), 239. 
tigrinus (Bolborhynchus), 
239. 
timneb (Psittacus), 380. 
timorensis (Plyctolophus), 
120. 
timorlaoensis (Greoffroyus), 
402. 
tiriacula (Brotogerys), 

254. 
tiriacula (Conurus), 254. 
tiriacula (Psittacus), 254, 
259. 
tiriacula (Tirica), 254. 
tiriba (Conurus), 213. 
tiriba (Psittacara), 213. 
Tirica, 253, 254, 259. 
tirica (Brotogerys), 254. 
tirica (Psittacus), 254, 
259. 
tirica (Sittaee), 254. 
Torpus, 253. 
torquata (Pala3ornis),443, 
445, 448. 

torquata (Psittaea), 443. 

torquata(Psittaeula), 504. 

torquatus (Conurus),445. 

torquatus indicus (Lo


rius), 37. 

torquatus luteo varians 

(Psittacus), 445. 

torquatus (Palaeornis), 

442, 444, 447. 

torquatus (Psittacus), 

443,447,504. 
torquatus (Psittinus), 504. 
torrida (Cbalcopsitta),30. 

forrida (Eos), 30. 
Toui a tete d'or, 265. 
Toui a gorge jaune, 259. 
Touit, 350. 
tovi (Brotogerys), 259, 

260. 
tovi (Conurus), 259. 
tovi (Psittacula), 259. 
tovi (Psittaculus), 260. 
tovi (Psittacus), 259. 
tovi (Psittovius), 259. 
Tricboglosse versicolor, 
67. 
Trichoglossus, 49. 
Trichoglossus sp., 619. 
Triclaria, 337. 
tricolor (Eos), 34. 
tricolor (Ara), 157. 
tricolor (Aracanga), 158. 
tricolor (Arara), 158. 
tricolor (Domicella), 34. 
tricolor (Lorius), 32, 33, 
35. 
tricolor (Macrocercus), 
157. 
tricolor (Macrocircus), 
157. 
tricolor (Primolius), 158. 
tricolor (Psittacus), 157. 
tricolor (Sittaee), 157. 
trimaculatus (Psittacus), 
469. 
triton (Cacatua), 118,126, 
130. 
triton (Plictolophus),119. 
triton (Plissolophus),119. 
triton (Plyctolopkus), 
118. 
triton (Psittacus), 118. 
trobriandi (Cacatua), 119. 
tucumana (Cbrysotis), 
311,618. 
Tui apute-juba, 199. 
tui (Brotogerys), 265. 
tui (Conurus), 266. 
tui (Psittacula), 266. 
tui (Psittaculus), 265. 
tui (Psittacus), 198, 265. 
tui (Psittovius), 266. 
tui (Sittaee), 266. 
Tui-ete, 245. 
Tui quarta species, 265. 
Tui tirica, 254. 
tuipara (Brotogerys), 262, 

264, 609. 
tuipara (Conurus), 263. 
tuipara (Psittaculus), 

263. 
tuipara (Psittacus), 263. 
tuipara (Psittovius), 263, 
264. 
656 

tuipara (Sittace),261, 263, 

204. 
tuipara, Tar. cayenneus 
(Brotogerys), 600. 
tuipara, var. chrysopterus 
(Oonurus), 204. 
tuipara, var. chrysopterus 
(Sittace), 2(54. 
tuipara, var. notat us 
(Oonurus), 609. 
Tuipara septima species, 

262. 
tuiparus (Oonurus), 2 *>3. 
tumultuosa (Chrysotis), 

330. 
tumultuosus (Pionias), 


330. 
tumultuosus (Pionus), 


330. 
tumultuosus (P&ittacus), 

330. 
Tureoisine Parrot, 575. 
typica (Pyrilia), 348. 
typicus (Barnardius),558. 
typus (Evopsitta), 186. 
typus (Ducorpsius), 130. 
tytleri (Pal&ornis), 474. 

ulietanus (Cyanorhamphus), 
579. 
ulietanus (Platycercus), 

579. 
ulietanus (Psittacus),579. 
ulieteanus (Platycercus), 

579. 
ultramarinus (Coriphi-
IUB), 48. 
ultramarinus (Psittacus), 

48. 
undulata (Eupbema), 


594. 
undulata (Euphemia), 


595. 
Undulated Parrot, 594. 
undulatus (Melopsittacus), 
594. 
undulatus (Nanodes), 

594. 
undulatus (Psittacus), 
214,594. 
unicolor (Cyanorhamphus), 
581. 
unicolor (Eos), 23, 612. 
unicolor (Lorius), 612. 
unicolor (Platycercus), 

581. 
unicolor (Psittacus), 612. 
Unicolor Lory, 612. 
Urochroa, 350. 
Urochroina, 350, 
Urodiseus, 414, 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

uvaeensis (Cyanorhampluw), 
502. 
uvjcenfiis (Nyuiphicus), 

592. 

vaillanti (Pionus), 615. 
vaillanli (Pyocephalus), 

363. 
vaillanti (Psittacus), 42, 
264,363. 
Van Diemens Parrot ,545. 
Varied Parrakeet, 46. 
Varied Parrot, 5()(). 
Varied-winged Parrot, 

424. 
variegata (Eos), 28. 
variegata melanura (Psittacara), 
222. 
Variegated Lory, 28. 
variegatus (P&ittacus),28. 
vanus (Psittacus), 46. 
Vasa, 380. 
Vasa Parrot, 381. 
vasa (Ooracopsis), 381. 
vasa (Platycercus), 381. 
vasa (Psittacus), 381. 
vasa (Vigorsia), 381. 
Vaza, 380, 382. 
vaza (Ooracopsis), 381. 
vaza (Psittacus), 381.382. 
velatus (Psittacus), (J9. 
veutralis (Androglossa), 

315. 
ventralis (Olirysotis),314. 
ventralis (Psittacus), 314. 
venusta (Euphema), 571. 
venusta (Neophema),570. 
venustus (Lathamus), 

571. 
venustus (IVanodes), 570. 
venustus (Platycercus), 
549,571. m 
venustus (Psittacus), 549, 

570. 
Vernal Parrakeet, 517. 
vernalis (Coryllis), 517. 
vernalis (Loriculus), 517, 

520. 
vernalis (Psittacula),517, 

520. 
vernalis (Psittaculus), 

517. 
vernalis (Psittacus), 517, 

520. 
vernans (Psittacus), 297. 
vernus (Psittacus), 197, 


310. 
verreauxi (Trichoglossus), 

59. 
verreauxius (Trichoglossus), 
59, 

versicolor (Androglossa), 

277. 
versicolor (Chrysotis), 

276. 
versicolor (Conurus),218. 
versicolor (CoriphilusY 


67.
versicolor (Mierosittace), 

218. 
versicolor (Nanodes), 67. 
versicolor (Neopsittacus), 

67. 
versicolor (GEnochrueO, 

277. 
versicolor (Psittacara), 

218. 
versicolor (Psittacus), 
217, 276, 011. 
versicolor (Psitteuteles), 

07. 
versicolor (Ptilosclera), 
m, 617. 
versicolor (Pyrrhura), 


218. 
versicolor (Trichoglossus), 
66, 74. 
versicolurus (P&ittacus), 


257. 
versicolurus (Tirica),257. 
versteri (Pceocephalus), 

372. 
versteri (Psittacus), 371. 
verticalis (Psittacus), 

606. 
vibrisca (Palaeornis), 465, 
_ 469. 
vibrissa (Pahcornis), 463. 
vibrissa (Psittacus), 464. 
Vigorsia, 380. 
vigorsii (Psittacus), 213. 
vinacea (Amazona), 275. 
vinacea (Androglossa), 

275. 
vinacea (Chrysotis), 275. 
vinaceicollis (Chrysotis), 

318. 
vinaceicollis (Pionus), 

318. 
vinaceus (Chrysotis), 275. 
vinaceus (Onochrus),275. 
vinaceus (Psittacus), 275. 
vindhiana (Palaeornis), 

438. 
Vini, 43. 
Vini (Lorius), 47. 
\iolacea (Amazona), 334. 

•violaceus (Pionias), 334. 
violaeeus (Pionus), 334. 
violaceus (Psittacus), 334, 
336,611. 
Violet Lory, 394. 

virenticeps (Ohrysotis), 

280. 
viresc'ens (Aratinga), 
257. 
virescens (Brotogerys), 
257. 
virescens (Conurus), 256, 
257. 
yirescens (Psittaculus), 
257. 
virescens (Psittacus), 
255, 257, 319. 
virescens (Sittace), 257. 
virescens (Tirica), 257. 
viridicauda (Euchroura), 

354. 
viridicauda (Eucinetus), 
354. 
viridicauda (Psittaeula), 
353. 
viridicauda (Urochroma), 
354. 
viridicollis (Palgeornis), 

462. 
viridicollis (Psittacus), 
462. 
viridigena (Ohrysotis), 
297. 
viridigenalis (Androglossa), 
297. 
viridigenalis (Ohrysotis), 
297, 298, 300, 301. 
viridimystax (Palseornis), 
476. 
viridis (Australasia), 6^. 
viridis brasiliensis (Psit


tacus), 305. 
viridis (Cacatua), 112. 
viridis (Calyptorhyn


chus), 312. 
viridis (Psittacus), 390, 

560. 
viridissima (Brotogerys) 
255. 
viridissima (Psittaeula), 
251. 
viridissima (Tirica), 254. 
viridissimus (Aratinga), 
254. 
viridissimus (Oonurus), 
254. 
viridissimus (Graydidactylus), 
320. 
viridissimus (Graydidascalus), 
320. 
viridissimus (Psittacus), 
254, 320. 
^Htata (Amazona), 310. 
vittata (Androglossa), 

310. 
vattata (Chrysotis), 309. 
YOL. XX, 

ALPHABETICAL IK33BX. 

vittata (Microsittace), 

215. 
vittata (Pyrrhura), 214. 
vittata (Sittace), 215. 
vittatus (Ghrysotis), 310. 
vittatus (Oonurus), 215, 
608. 
vittatus (Psittacara), 
215. 
vittatus (Psittacus), 214. 
Viudita, 231. 
vulneratus (Aprosmictus), 
484. 
vulneratus (Platycercus), 

484. 
vulneratus (Psittacus), 
484. 
vulneratus (Ptistes), 484. 
vulturina (Amazona), 
349. 
vulturina (Caica), 349. 
vulturina (Gypositta), 
349. 
vulturina(Psittacula),349. 
vulturinus (Eucinetus), 
349. 
vulturinus (Gypopsittacus), 
349. 
vulturinus (Pionias), 

349. 
vulturinus (Pionus), 349. 
vulturinus (Psittacus), 
349. 
wagleri (Oonurus), 184. 
wagleri (Evopsitta), 185. 
wagleri (Psittacara), 184. 
wallacei (Eos), 26, 27. 
wallacei (Lorius), 26. 
wallacei (Prioniturus), 

415. 
wallacii (Doroicslla), 27. 
wardi (Palasornis), 441. 
Wave-breasted Parrakeet, 
217. 
Wave-headed Parra


keet, 227. 
weddelli (Conurus), 180. 
weddelli (Maracana), 181. 
westermani (Muscari


ne), 398. 
westermani (Psittacodis), 

397. 
westermani (Psittacus), 
398. 
westermanni (Eclectus), 
3\)7, 399. 
westermanni (Polychlorus), 
397. 
West 
Indian green 
Parrot, 286. 


wetterensis (Ptistes), 484. 
Whiskered Parrakeet, 

469. 
White-breasted Parrot, 
358. 
White-collared Parrot, 
57. 
Wrhite-crowned Parrot, 
311. 
White-fronted Parrot, 
316. 
White-headed Parrot, 
315, 316. 
wiedi (Urochroma), 352. 
wilheltninse (Coriphilus), 

73. 
wilhelmince (Hypocharmosyna), 
73. 
wilhelminge (Psitteuteles), 
73. 
wilhelminse (Trichoglossus), 
73. 
Wilson's Parrakeet, 9. 
worcesteri (Loriculus), 

529. 
xanthocercus (Psittacus), 

361. 
xanthogaster (Platycercus), 
546. 
xanthogenius (Conurus), 

198. 
xanthogenys (Platycercus), 
555. 
xantholaemus (Conurus), 

198. 
xantholora (Amazona), 
313. 
xantholora (Androglossa), 
313. 
xantholora (Ohrysotis), 

313. 
xantholorus (Psittacus), 
313. 
xanthomera (Caica), 
361. 
xanthomerius (Psittacus), 
361. 
xanthomeros (Caica),361. 
xanthomerus (Pionias), 
361. 
xanthomerus (Pceocephalus), 
361. 
xantbonotus (Oalyptorhynchus), 
108. 
xanthopes (Ohrysotis), 

305. 
xanthops(Agapornlo),511. 
xanthops (Amazona), 305. 
xanthops (Androglossa), 
305. 
2x 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

xanthops (Chrysotis), 
293, 304. 
xanthops (Psittacus), 
288, 293, 304. 
xanthopsia (Chrysotis), 

305. 
xanthoptera(Brotogerys), 

250. 
xanthoptera (Psittacara), 
256. 
xanthoptera (Sittace),255. 
xanthoptera (Tirica), 256. 
xanthopterus (Aratinga), 
2f)5. 
xanthopterus (Brotogerys), 
256. 
xanthopterus (Conurus), 

256. 
xanthopterus (Phseocephalus), 
374. 
xantliopterygia (Psittacula), 
246, 255. 
xanthopterygius (Conurus), 
246, 256. 
xanthopterygius 
(Psittaculus), 
245, 255. 

xanthorrhoa (Ptephotus), 

563. 
xanthorrhous (Platycercus), 
503. 
xanthorrhous (Psephotus), 
563. 
xanlhobomus (Palseornib), 
451. 
xanthosomus (Psittacus), 
451. 
xanthotorques (Sittaee), 

165. 
xanthotus 
(Calyptorhjnchus), 
108. 

Yellow-breastodIiOry,610. 
Yellow-cheeked Parrot, 
284, 554. 
Yellow-collared Parrakeet, 
449. 
Yellow-crowned Parrot, 

289. 
Yellow-faced Parrakeet, 
197. 
Yellow-headed 
Amazons 
Parrot, 289. 

Yellow-headed Parrot, 
r 177. 
Yellow Macoaw Parrot, 

174. 
Yellow-shoulclerocl Parrot, 
284. 
Yellow-throated Parrakeet, 
259. 
Yellow-winged Parrakeet, 
257. 
Yellow-winged Parrot, 

288. 
zanthocephalus (Chrysotis), 
288. 
zealandicus (Psittacus), 

579. 
zeylanicus (Solenoglossus), 
107. 
zonarius (Barnardius). 

560. 
zonarius (JNanodes), 560. 
zonarius (Platycercus), 
560. 
zonarius (Psittacus), 
560. 
END OF THE TWENTIETH YOLUME. 

taiavhU BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STOEflC 

LIST OF PLATES. 

Pyrrhura emnia, p. 217berlepsebi (fig. 1), p. 224rupicola (fig. 2), p. 224 
rbodocephala, p. 229

Myopsittacus lucbsi, p. 233Bolborbynchns andicola, p. 238Psittacula sclateri, p. 244Chrysotis lilacina (fig. 1), p. 301

diademata (fig. 2), p. 299
salvini (^g. 3), p. 300
chloronota, p. 308


Pionopsittacus pyrrbops, p. 341Tanygnatlms everetti, p. 432

burbidgei, p. 432Palseomia finscbi, p. 458Bolbopsitfcaeus intermedins, p. 505Loriculus amabilis, p. 536

quadricolor, p. 534Platycereus xantbogenys, p. 555Cyanorhampbus subflayescens, p. 585

cyanurus, p. 587

Plate 

} 
} 
I. 
, 
III. 
IY. 
Y. 
VI. 
\ 

 I VII. 
J 
VEIL 

 IX. 
X. 
XI. 
XII. 
XIII. 
XIV. 
XV, 
XVI. 
XVII. 
XVIII. 
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xhe "British Museum. By Oldheld Thomas. Pp. xiii., 401. 4 
coloured and 24 plain Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes,] 1888. 8vo. 1/. Ss. 

BIRDS. 

Catalogue of the Birds in the British Mu&eum :— 
Vol. IIT. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Coliomorphtr, 
containing the families Corridas Faradiseithv, Oriolidie, 
I)ierurida>, and Prionopidaj. By R. Bowdier Sharpe, 
Pp. xiii., 313. Woodcuts and 14 coloured Plate-. [Systematic 
and Alphabetical Index.] 1877, 8vo. 17s. 

Vol. IV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphcc • 
Part I., containing the families Campophagidaj and Muscicapidas. 
By R. Bowdier Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 494. Woodcuts 
and 14 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and 
Alphabetical Index.}. 1879, 8vo. 1/. 

Vol. V. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Cichlomurphai: 
Part XL, containing the family Turdidro (Warbler^ and 
Thrushes). By Henry Seebohm. Pp. xvi., 426. Woodcuts 
and 18 coloured Plates. [With a Systematic and 
Alphabetical Index.] J 881, 8vo. 1/* 

BRITISH. MUSEUM (NATURAL HlSTOilY). 3 

Catalogue of the Birds in the Britibh Museum—continued. 
Vol. VI. Catalogue of tlie Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Ciddomorplim : 
Part III., containing the first portion of the family Time]
iida> (Babbling 1 brashes). By li. Bowdler Sharps. 
Pp. xiiL, 420. Woodcuts arid 18 coloured Plates. [With 
a Systematic and .Alphabetical Index.] 1881, 8vo. 1/. 
Vol. VII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Clc/ilomorphce: 
Part IV., containing the concluding portion of 
the family Timeliiche (Babbling Thrushes). By 11. 
Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xvi., 698. Woodcuts and 15 coloured 
Plates. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 
1883, 8vo. 1/. 6s. 
Vol. VIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. CicJdomorpfice: 
Part V., containing the families Paridie and 
Laniidad (Titmice and Shrikes) ; mid Certhio))iorpha> 
(Creepers and Nuthatches). By Hans Gadow, M.A., 
Ph.D. Pp. xiii.j 386. Woodcuts and 9 coloured Plates. 
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 
Svo. 17s. 
Arol. IX. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Clnnyrhnorphce^ 
containing the families JNeetariniidaj and MeKphagidce 
(Sun Birds and Honey-eaters), By Hans Gadow, M.A., 
Ph.D. Pp. xii., 310. Woodcuts and 7 coloured Plates. 
[With .a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1884, 
8vo. Ms. 
Vol. X. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. FringilViformcs: 
Part I., containing the families Dicseidas, Hinmdinidra, 
Ampelida3, Mniotiltidas, and Motacillida3. By 11. Bowdler 
Sharpe. Pp. xiii., 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured Plates. 
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1885, 8vo. 

II. 2s. 
Vol. XI. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. FriiigiWformcs: 
Part II., containing the families Coerebidaj, Tanagrida1, 
and Ictciddse. By Philip Lutley Sclater, M.A., E.R.S. 
Pp. xvii., 431. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] Woodcuts and 18 coloured Plates. 1886, 8vo. 1/. 

Vol. XII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. FringUUformes: 
Part III., containing the family Fringillidaj. By 

R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. xv., 871. Woodcuts and 10 
coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1888, Svo. 11. Bs. 
Vol. 
XIII. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Sturm[formes, 
containing the families Avtamiua), Sturnidse Ploceidrc. and 

A 2 

4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

Catalogue of.' tin* Birds in (he Biitish Museum—cont'nnuJ 
Alaudida*. A'so ihe families Aliioluida1 and Menurida\ 
By R. Bow dler Sharpe, Pp. xvi., 701. Woodcuts and 13 
coloured Plates, [Willi Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] LS*)0, Hvo. 1/. 8.s. 

Vol. XIV. Catalogue of tlie Passeriformes, or Perching 
Birds, in the Collection of the British Museum. Ofiyomyodtf) 
or tho families Tyrannidae, O M rhaniphida), 
Piprida1, Cot inside, Phytotomidie, Philepittida*, Pit tithe, 
Xenicidsv, and Euryheniidre. By Philip Lutlc) Sclater, 
M.A., PB.S. Pp. xix.9 194. Woodcut* and 26 colouied 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 
1888, 8vo. 1Z. 4,9 

Vol. XV. Catalogue of the Passeriformes, or Perching Birds, 
in the Collection of the British Museum. Traifteophona, 
or the families Dendrocolaptidm, FormicariidaB, Conopo])
liagida3, and Ptcroptoehidas. By Philip Lutley Sclater, 
M.A., F.B.S. Pp. xvii., 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 
1890, 8vo. 1/. 

Vol. XVIIT. Catalogue of the Picarhe in the Collection of 
the British Museum. Scansorcs, containing the family 
Picidaj. By Edward Hargitt. Pp. xv,, 597. Woodcuts 
and 15 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1S90, Svo. I/. 6*. 

* Vol. XIX. Catalogue of the Pieaike in the Collection of 
the British Museum. Scauho.'is and Coayyt & : containing 
the families Ehamphastiche? Galbulida\, aud Buccuiiid«e, 
by P. L. Sclater; and the families Jndieaforiche, C'ipitonidaj, 
Cuculida), and Musophagidai, by G. E. Shelley. Pp. xii., 
484: i3 coloured Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 1/. 5s, 
Hand-List of Genera and Species of Birds, distinguishing those 
contained in the British Museum. By G-. B. Gray, F.H.S., 
&c. :— 
Part II, Conirobfcres, Scansores, Columbas, and Gallimr. 
Pp. xv., 278. Table of Genera and Subgenera : Part II. 
1870. 8vo. 6s. 
Part III. Struthiones, GraJla3, and Ansercs, with Indices 
of Generic and Specific Names. Pp„ xi., 350. Table of 
Genera and Subgenera : Part III. 1871, 8\ro. 8A*. 

List of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By George Bobert Gray :— 
Part III., Sections III. and IV. Capitonidas and Picidie. 
[With Index.] Pp. 137. 1868, 12mo. Is. 6d. 
Part V. Gallina\ Pp. iv., 120. [Alphabetical Index.] 
1807, 12mo. Is. 6d. 

* KOTO.-Volumes XVI. and XVIL will he published in thy eoui«e of 
1801. 
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

Catalogue of the Birds of the Tropical Islands of the Pacific Ocean 
in the Collection of the British Museum. By George Robert 
Gray, F.L.S., &e. Pp. 72. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 
1859, Svo, Is. 6d. 

REPTILES. 

Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodile4*, and Amphisbsenians in the 
Collection of the British. Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.R.S., 
&c. Pp. viii., 80. [Alphabetical Index.] I84J-, 12mo. Is. 

Catalogue of Shield Reptiles in the Collection of the British 
Museum:—• 
Appendix. By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Fp. 28. 
18723 4lo. 2s. 3d. 
Part II., Ernydosaurians, Rhynchoeephalia, and Amphisbrenians. 
By John Edward Gray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. vi., 

41. 25 Woodcuts. 1872, 4to. 3s. M. 
Hand-List of the Specimens of Shield Reptiles in the British 
Museum. By Dr. J. E. Gray, F.E.S., F.L.S., Ac. Pp. iv., 124. 
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1873. 8vo. 4,9. 

Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchoeephnlians, and Crocodiles in 
the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition. By 
George Albert Boulenger. Pp. x., 311. [With Systematic and 
Alphabetical Indexes.] 73 Woodcuts and 6 Plates. 1889, 8vo. 
15s. 

Gigantic Land Tortoises (living and extinct) in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Albert 0. L. G. Giinther, M.A., M.D., 
Ph.D., F.R.S. Pp. iv., 96, 55 Plates, and two Charts of the 
Aldabra group of Islands, north-west of Madagascar. [With a 
Systematic Synopsis of the Extinct and Living Gigantic Land 
Tortoises.] 1877, 4to. 1/. 10.?. 

Catalogue of the Lizards in xhe British Museum (Natural History). 
Second edition. By George Albert Boulenger:— 

Vol. I. Geckonidoi, Eublepharida?, Uroplatidse, PygopodidaB, 
Agamidre. Pp. xii., 436. 32 Plates. [With Systematic 
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s. 

Vol. II. Iguanidas, Xenosauridae, Zonuridas, Anguidye, 
Anniellidas, Helodermatida3} Varanida3, XantusiidiB, Teiidaa, 
Amphibbsenida^. Pp. xiii., 497. 24 Plates. [With 
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 20s. 

Vol. III. Lacertida?, Gerrhosaurida), Scincidse, Anelytropidas, 
Dibamidce, Characeleontida^. Pp. xii., 575. 40 Plates. 
[With a Systematic Index and an Alphabetical Index to 
the three volumes.] 1887, 8vo. 1/. 6s. 

Catalogue of Coiubrine Snakes in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvi,, 281. [With 
Geographical, Systematic, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1858, 
12mo. As. 

 LIST OF PUBLICATION OF THE 

BATEACXIIAXS. 

Catalogue of the Batrachia Saliontia in the Collection uf the Biithh 
Museum. By Dr. Albert Giinther. Pp. xvl., 160. 12 Plates. 
["With Systematic, Geographical, and Alphabetical Indexes.] 
ISoS, 8vo. 6s. 

Catalogue of the Batraehia Salientia, <~. Eeaudata, in the Collection 
of the British Museum. Second edition. By George Albeit 
Boulenger. Pp. xvi., 503. "Woodcuts and 30 Platen. [With 
Systematic and Alphabetical Inloxe,.] 1K82, 8\o 1/. 10s. 

Catalogue of the Batraehia Gradiontia, *-. Caudata. and Batiaehia 
Apoda in the Collection of tiie British Museum. Second edition. 
By George Albert Boulenger. Pp. \iiL, 127. 9 Plates. [With 
Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes] lsS2, Bvo. Os. 

PISHES. 
Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum. 
By Dr. Albert Giinther, F.B.S., &c. :— 
Ycl. II. Squamipinnes, Cirrhltida\ Triglida?, Traehinida% 
Sciamida3, Polynemidae, Sphyramida^ Trichiurida?, Seoinbridoe, 
Carangidse, Xiphiida*. Pp. xxi., <548. [With a 
Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] I860, Svo. 8s. 6d. 
Vol. III. Gobiiche, Discoboli, Oxudercida?, Batraehida*, 
Pediculati, Blenniida?, Aeanthoclinida1, Comephorida*, 
Trachypterida}, Lophotida\ Teuthidida-*, Acronurida% Hoplognathidse, 
Malaeanthida4, Kaudid:t*, PolycentrhLe, 
Labyrinthici, Luciocephalida^ Atherinidtu. Mugilid.p, 
Ophiocephalidge, Trichonotida?, Cepolida.*, Gobiebocida*, 
Psych rolutidae, Centriscida?, Fibtularida;, Mastacembelidaa, 
Notacanthi. Pp. xxv., 5b6. Woodcuts. [With a Systematic 
and Alphabetical Index, and a Systematic S) nopsls 
of the families of the Aeanthopterygian Fishes.] 181)1, 
8vo. 10^. 6d. 
Vol. IV. Acanthopterypi Pharyngognathi, Anacanthini. 
Pp. xxi.. 53-1. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical 
Index.] 1862, 8vo. 8s. 6cl 
Vol. V. Siluridas, Ciiaracinida*, Haplochitonidae, Sternoptychida?, 
Scopelida3, Stomiatida;. Pp. xxii., 455. Woodcuts. 
[With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1SG4, Bvo. 8.?. 
Vol. VI. Salmonidas, Pcrcopsida*, Galaxida?, Mormyridm, 
Gymnarchidae, Esocidaa, Umbridie, Sconibresocida}, C) prinodontidae. 
Pp.xv.,368. Wroodcuts. [With a Systematic 
and Alphabetical Index.] 1866, 8vo. *Is. 
Vol. VII. Heterophygii, Cyprinida3, Gonorhynchidae, Hyodonti4a3, 
Obteoglossida?,. Clupeida?, Chirocentridai, AlepocephalidiB, 
Notopteridaa, Ilalosauridse. Pp, xx., 512. 
Woodcuts. [With a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 
1868, 8vo. Bs. 
Vol.VIII. Gyinnotitio3, Symbranchida?, Muramida?, Pegasidas, 
Lophobranchii, Plectognathi, Dipnoi, Ganoidei, Chondropterygii, 
Cyclostomata, Leptocardii. Pp. xxv., 540. [With 
a Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 8vo. 8s, SA 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

List of the Specimens of Fish in tho Collection of tho British 
Museum. Part I, Chondropterygii. By J. E. Giay. Pp. x., 

160. 2 Plates. [Systematic and Alphabetical Index.] 1851, 
12mo. 3*. 
Catalogue of Fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore 
Gronow, now in the British Museum. Pp. vii., 196. [Systematic 
Index.] 1854, 12mo. 3*. 6d. 

Catalogue 
of Lophohranchiate Fish in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By J. J. Kaup, Ph.D., &c. Pp. iv., 80. 4 Plates. 
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1836, 12mo. 2,s. 

MOLLUSCA 

Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca in the British 
Museum. Parti. By John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., &c. 
Pp. xii., 230. 121 Woodcuts. 1857, 8vo. os. 

Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in the British Museum, 
collected by Frederick Reigen. Described by Philip P. Carpenter. 
Pp. xvi, 552. 1857, 12mo. 8s. 

Libt of Mollusca and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum, 
collected and described by MM. Eydoux and Souleyet in the 
'• Voyage autour du Monde, execute pendant les annees 1836 et 
*' 1837, sur la Corvette 'La Bonite/" and in the "Histoire 
" nahirelle des MoUusques Pteropodes," Par. MM. P. C. A. L. 
Rang et Souleyet. Pp. iv., 27. 1855, 12mo. Sd. 

Catalogue of Pulmonata, or Air Breathing Mollusca, in the Collection 
of the British Museum. Part I. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. 
Pp. iv\, 192. Woodcuts. 1855, 12mo. 2*. vd. 

Cataloguo of the Auriculidse, Proserpinidte, and Truneatellidse in tho 
Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Louis Pfeiffer. 
Pp. iv., 150. Woodcuts. 1857, 12mo. ls.'dd. 

List of the Mollusca in the Collection of the British Museum. By 
John Edward Gray, Ph.D., F.R.S., 8cc. Pait II. Olividae. Pp. 

41. 1865, 12mo. 1*. 
Catalogue of the Conchifera, or Bivalve Shells, in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By M. Deshayes :— 
Part 1. Veneridae, Cyprinidae, Glauconomidae, and Petricoladae, 
Pp. iv., 216. 1853, 12mo. 3s. 
Part II. Petricoiadse (concluded), Corbiculadse: Pp. 76. 
[With an Alphabetical Index to the two parts,] 1851, 
12mo. 6rf. 

BRA0II1OPODA. 

Catalogue of Brachiopoda Ancylopocla or Lamp Shells in the Collection 
of the British Museum. Pp. iv., 12S £5 Woodcuts. [With 
an Alphabetical Index.] 1853, I2mo. 2s, 

8 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

POLYZOA. 

Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part 111. Cyclostomata. By George Busk, F.E.S. Pp. 
viii., 39. 38 Plates. [With a Systematic Index.] 1875, 8vo. 6>. 

CRUSTACEA, 

Catalogue of Crustacea in the Collection of the British Museum, 
Part L Leucosiadre. By Thomas Bell, VP.K.S., Pres. L.S., &c. 
Pp. iv.. 21. 1855, 8vo. 6d. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Amphipodous Crustacea in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By C. SpenceBate,F.E.S., &e. 
Pp. iv., 399. 58 Plates. [Alphabetical Index.] 1862, Svo. 

INSECTS. 

Coleopterous Insects, 

Nomenclature of Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the 
British Museum;— 
Part YI. Passalidffl. By Frederick Smith. Pp. 23. With 
Plate and Index. 1852, 12mo. 8d. 
Part VII. Longicornia, I. By Adam White. Pp. iv., 174. 
' 4 Plates. 1853, 12mo. 2s. 6d. 
Part VIII. Longicornia, II. By Adam White. Pp. 237. 
6 Plates 1855, 12mo. as. 6d. 

Part IX. Cassididaa. By Charle3 H. Boheman, Professor of 
Natural History, Stockholm. Pp. 225. [With Index.] 
1856, 12mo. 3s. 

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of Madeira in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., F.L.S. 
Pp. xvi., 234. Plate. [With a Topographical Catalogue and 
Alphabetical Index.] 1857, 8vo. 3s. 

Catalogue of the Coleopterous Insects of the Canaries in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By T. Vernon Wollaston, M.A., 

F.L.S. Pp. xiii., 648. [With Topographical and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1864, 8vo. 10s. 6d. 
List of the Coleopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part I. Cucujidae, &c. By Frederick Smith. Pp, ii, 25. 
1851, 12mo. Gd. 

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Coleoptera in the Collection 
of the British Museum. Part I. Lyeidae. By Charles Owen 
Waterhouse. Pp. x., 83. 18 coloured Plates. [With Systematic 
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 16s. 

Catalogue 
of Halticidae in the Collection of the British Museum. 
By the Eev. Hamlet Clark, M.A., F.L.S. Physapodes and 
(Edipodes. Part I. Pp. xii., 301. Frontispiece and 9 Plates. 
1860, 8vo. 7s. 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).

Catalogue of Hispidaa in the Collection of the British Museum. By 
Joseph S. Baiy, M.E.S., &c. Part I. Pp. x., 172. 9 Plates. 
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1858, 8vo. 6s. 

Hymenopterous Insects. 

Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By Frederick Smith. 12mo.:— 
Part I. Andrenidaa and Apidas. Pp. 197. 6 Plates. 1853, 

2s. 6d. 

Part II. Apidas. Pp. 199-465. 6 Plates. [With an 
Alphabetical Index.] 1854, 6s. 
Part III. Mutillidae and Pompilidae. Pp. 206. 6 Plates. 
1855, 6s. 
Part IV. Sphegidaa, Larridae, and Crabronidse. Pp. 207-497. 
6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1856, 6s. 
Part V. Vespidaa. Pp. 147. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1857, 6s. 
Part VI. Formicidae. Pp.216. 14 Plates, [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1858, 6s. 
Part VII. Dorylidae and Thynnidas. Pp. 76. 3 Plates. 
[Alphabetical Index.] 1859, 2s. 

Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Frederick Smith. Pp. xxi., 240. [Systematic 
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1879, 8vo. 10.?. 

List of Hymenoptera, with descriptions and figures of the Typical 
Specimens in the British Museum. Vol. I., Tenthredioidaa and 
Sirieidae. By W. F. Kirby. Pp. xxviii, 450. 16 coloured 
Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, 8vo. 
1/. 18s. 

Dipterous Insects. 

List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the 

British Museum. By Francis Walker. l2mo.:— 
Part II. Pp. 231-484. 1849, 12mo. 3s. 6cl 
Part III. Pp. 485-687. 1849, 12mo. 3s. 
Part IV. Pp. 689-1172. [With an Index to the four parts, 

and an Index of Donors.] 1849, J2mo. 6s. 
Part VI. Supplement II. Acroceridas and part of the 
family Asilidas. By Francis Walker, F.L.S. Pp. ii., 331


506. 8 Cuts. 1854, 12mo. 3s. 
Part 
VII. Supplement III. Asilidaa, Pp. ii., 507-775, 
1855, 12mo. 3*. 6d. 

Lepidopterous Insects. 

Illustrations of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera in the 
Collection of the British Museum:— 
Part III. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xviii., 82. 41-60 
coloured Plates. [Systematic Index,] 1879, 4to. 21. 106'. 

 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS OF THIS 

TUustralions of Typical Specimens of Lepidoptera Heterocera, &c.— 

continued. 

Part V. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. xii., 74. 78-100 
Coloured Plates. [Systematic Index.] 1881, 4to. 21. 10s. 
Part VI. By Arthui Gardiner Butler. Pp. xv., 89. 101-120 

Coloured Plates. [Systematic Index.] 1886, 4to. 21. 4s. 
Part VII. By Arthur Gardiner Butler. Pp. iv., 124. 121138 
Coloured Plates. [Systematic List.] 1889, 4to. 21 

Part VIII. The Lepidoptera Heterocera of the Nilgiri 
District. By George Francis Hampson. Pp. iv., 144. 
139-156 Coloured Plates. [Systematic List] 1891, 4to. 

21 

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the family Satyridas in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, 
F.L.S., <fcc. Pp. vi., 21L 5 Plates. [Alphabetical Index.] 
1868, 8vo. 5s. 6d. 

Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera described by Fabricius in the 
Collection of the British Museum. By Arthur Gardiner Butler, 
F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 303. 3 Plates. 1869, 8vo. 7s. Qd. 

Specimen of a Catalogue of Lyca^nidae in the British Museum. By 

W. C. Hewitson. Pp. 15. 8 coloured Plates. 1862, 4to. 1/. Is. 
List of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. 
Part I. Papiliondia3. By G. R. Gray, F.L.S. Pp. 103. [Alphabetical 
Index.] 1856, 12mo. 2s. 
List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of 
the British Museum. By Francis Walker. 12mo. :— 
Part III. Lepidoptera Heterocera. Pp. 582-775. 1855. 3s. 
Part IV. Pp. 776-976. 1855. 3s. 
PartV. — Pp. 977-1257. 1855. 4s. 
Part VI. — Pp. 1258-1507. 1865.3s.6d. 
Part VIL Pp. 1508-1808. [With 
an Alphabetical Index to Parts I.-VIL] 1856. 4 s. 6d. 
Part XL Noctuidaa. Pp. 492-764. 1857. 3s. Qd. 
Part XII. Pp. 765-982. 1857. 3*. M. 
Part XV. PD. 1520-1888. [With an Alphabetical 
Index to Parts IX.-XV.] 1858. As. 3d. 
Part XVI. Deltoides. Pp. 253. 1858. 3s. 6d. 
Part XIX. Pyralites. Pp. 799-1036. [With an Alphabetical 
Judex tc Parts XVI.-XTX.] 1859. 3*. 6d. 
Part XX. Geometrites. Pp. 1-276. 1860. 4s. 
Part XXI. Pp. 277-498. 1860. 3s. 
Part XXII. Pp. 499-755. 1861. 3s. Sd. 
Part XXIII. Pp. 756-1020. 1861. 3s. 6d. 
Part XXIV. Pp. 1021-1280. 1862. 3s. 6d. 
Part XXV. Pp. 1281-1477. 1862. 3,9. 
Part XXVI. — Pp. 1478-1796. [With an Alphabetical 
Index to Parts XX.-XXVI.] 1862. 4s. 6df. 
Part XXVIL Crambites and Tortricites. Pp. 1 -286. 1863. 4s. 
PartXXVIIL 
Tortricites and Tineites. Pp. 287-561. 
1863. 4s. 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATUiUL HISTORY),

List of the Specimens of Lepicloplerons Insects, Sic.—continued* 
Part XXIX. Tineitos. Pp.'562-835. 1864, 4s. 
Part XXX. Pp. 836-1096. [With an Alpha


betical Index to Parts XXVII.-XXX.] 1864. 4s. 
Part XXXI. Supplement, Pp. 1-321. 1864. 5s. 
PartXXXIL Part 2. Pp. 322-706. 1865, 

5s. 

PartXXXIIT. Part 3. Pp. 707-1120. 1865. 

6s. 

Part XXXIV. - Part 4. Pp. 1121-1533. 1865. 
5s. 6d. 
Part XXXV. Part 5. Pp. 1534-2010. [With 
an Alphabetical Index to Parts XXXI.-XXXV.] 1866. 

75. 
Neuropierous Bisects. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British Museum :— 
Part I. (Phryganides—Pedicles.) By Francis Walker, 
Pp. iv., 192. 1852, 12mo. 2s. 6d. 
Part II. Sialida3—Xemopterides. By Francis Walker. 
Pp. ii., 193-476. 1853, 12mo. 3*. 6d. 
Part III. Termitidaa—Ephemeridaa. By Francis Walker. 
Pp. ii., 477-585. 1853, 12mo. 1*. 3d. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By Dr. H. Hagen. Part I. Termitina. 
Pp. 34. 1858, 12mo. 6d. 

Orthopterous Insects. 

Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the Collection of the British 
Museum. Part I. Phasmidas. By John Obadiah Westwood, 
F.L.S., &c. Pp. 195. 48 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 
1859, 4to. 31. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattarias in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 239. 
[With an Alphabetical Index.] 1868, 8vo. 5s. Qd. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and Supplement 
to the Blattariaa in the Collection of the British Museum. 
Gryllidas. Blattariae. Looustidas. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. 
Pp. 224. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 8vo. 5s. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection 
of the British Museum : — 

Part II. Locustidas (continued). By Francis Walker, F.L.S., 
Ac. Pp. 225-423. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1869, 
8vo. 4s. 6d. 

J2 LIBT Of PUBLICATIONS OF THE 

Cafnlogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria, &c.—coHfiM(e<I. 
Parr I1J. Locustidas (continued). Aerididse. By Francis 
Walker, F.L.S., &c. Pp. 425-601. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1870, 8vo. is. 
Part IV* Acrididffi (continued). By Francis Walker, F.L.S., 
&o. Pp. 605-809. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1870, 
8vo. ()?. 
Part V. Teltigida\ Supplement to the Catalogue of Bhutan 
as; Supplement to the Catalogue of Dermaptera Snltatoria; 
and a description of the Geographical Dibtribution 
of Dcrmaptera. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., <fcc. Pp. 811850; 
43, 110. [With Alphabetical Indexes.] 1870, 8vo. 

6s. 

Ilemipterotts Lisects. 

Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By Francis Walker, F.L.S., &c. 
8vo. :-— 

Part I. Scutata. Pp. 240. 1867, 6s. 
Part II. Scutata (continued). Pp. 241-417. 1807, 4*. 
Part III. Pp. 418-599. [With an Alphabetical Index to 


Parts I., II., III., and Summary of Geographical Distribu


tion of the Species mentioned.] 1868, 4s. 6d. 
Part IV". Pp.211. [Alphabetical Index.] 1871, 8 vo. 6s. 
Part V. Pp. 202. 1872, 8vo. 5s. 
Part V I Pp.210. 1873, 8vo.5s. 
Part VII. Pp.2ll 13^>8vo. 6*. 
PartVIII.Pp.220. 1873, 8vo. 0*. 6cL 

Honwpterous Insects. 

list of the Specimens of flomopterons Insects in the Collection of the 

British Museum. By Francis Walker:— 
Part I. Pp. 260. 1850, 12mo. 3*. 6cl 
Part II. Pp. 261-637. 185 L, 12mo. os. 
Part IV. Pp. ix„, 900-1188. 8 Plates. [Alphabetical Index ' 

to the four parts,] 1852, 12mo. 4s, 
Supplement. Pp.ii.,369. [Alphabetical Index.] 1858, l2mo. 
4*. Orf. 

VERMES. 

Catalogue of the Species of Entozon, or Intestinal Worms, contained 
in the Collection of the British Museum. By Dr. Baircl. Pp. iv., 

132. 2 Plates. [With an Index of the Animals in which the 
Entozoa mentioned in the Catalogue are found ; and an Index of 
Genera and Species.] 1853, 12mo, 2s. 
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATUBAL HISTORY),

ANT1IOZOA. 

Catalogue of Sea-pens or Pcnnatulariidai in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By J. E. Grav, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 40. 
2 Woodcuts. 1870, 8ro. Is. 6d. 

Catalogue of Lithophytes or Stony Corals in the Collection of the 
British Museum. By J. E. Cray, F.R.S., &c. Pp. iv., 51. 
14 Woodcut, 1870, 8vo. 3*. 

BRITISH ANIMALS. 

Catalogue of British Birds in the Collection of the British Museum. 
By George Robert Gray, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c. Pp. xii., 248. List 
of Species. 1863, 8vo. 3s. 6d. 

Catalogue of British Hymenoptera in the Collection of the British 
Museum. By Frederick Smith, M.E.S. Second Edition. Part I. 
Aiidrenidae and Apidas. [Catalogue of British Bees.—New Issue.J 
Pp. xi., 236. 11 Plates. [With Systematic and Alphabetical 
Indexes.] 1891, 8vo. 6*. 

Catalogue of British Fossorial Hymenoptera, Formicidai, and 
Vespidoe in the Collection of the British Museum. By Frederick 
Smith, V.P.E.S. Pp. 236. 6 Plates. [With an Alphabetical 
Index.] 1S58, 12mo. i5s. 

A Catalogue of the British Non-parasitical Worms in the Collection 
of the British Museum. By George Johnston, M.D., Eel in., 

F.R.C.L. Ed., LL.D. Marischal Coll. Aberdeen, &c. Pp. 363, 
Woodcuts and 24 Plates. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 1865, 
8vo. 7.9. 
Itht of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the 
British Museum ; with Synonyma and References to figures. 
12mo. :— 

Part 
V. Lepidoptera. By J. F. Stephens. 1850. 2nd 
Edition. 1856, 12mo. 1*. 9d. 
Part VII. Slollusca, Aeenhala, and Brachiopoda. By Dr. 

J. E. Gray. 1851, 12mo. 3*. Gd. 
Part iil. Anoplura or Parasitic Insects. Bv II. Denny. 
1852. Is. 
Part XIII. Nomenclature of Hymenoptera. By Frederick 
Smith. Pp. ii., 74. 1853, 12mo. Is. Ad. 
Ta.rt XIV. Nomenclature of Neuroptera. By Adam White. 
Pp. ii., 16. 1853, I2mo. Gel 
Part 
XV. Nomenclature of Dipt era, I. By Adam White. 
Pp. ii., 42. 1853, 12mo. Is. 

PLANTS. 

List of British Diatomaceae in. the Collection of the British Museum. 
By the Rev. W. Smith, F.L.S., &c. Pp. iv., 55. 1859, i2mo. Is. 

]4 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Ob" THE 

FOSSILS, 

Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural 
History). By Kichard Lydekker, B.A., F.G.S. :— 

Part I. Containing the Orders Primates. Chiroptera, Insec* 
tivora, Garni vora, and Rodentia. Pp. xxx., 268. 33 
Woodcuts. [With Systematic and Alphabetical indexes.] 
1885, 8vo. 5s. 

Part II. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Artiodactyla. 
Pp. xxii., 324. 39 Woodcuts. [With Systematic 
and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1885, 8vo. 6s. 

Part 111. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborders Perisfcodactyla, 
Toxodontia, Condylarthra, and Amblypocla. 
Pp. xvi., 186. 30 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, 
and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including 
Synonyms.] 1886, 8vo. 4s. 

Part IV. Containing the Order Ungulata, Suborder Proboscidea. 
Pp. xxiv,, 233. 32 Woodcuts. [With. Systematic 
Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, 
including Synonyms.] 1887, 8vo. Z$. 

Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Sircnia, 
Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and 
Supplement. Pp. xxxv., 345. 55 Woodcuts. [With 
Systematic Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and 
Species, including Synonyms.] 1887? 8vo. 6s. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Birch in the British Museum (Natural 
History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A. Pp. xxvii,, 36H, 7*5 
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index and Alphabetical Index of 
Grenera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1801, 8vo. 10,9. 6d. 

Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia of South 
Africa in the Collection of the Briti&h Museum. By Richard 
Owen, C.B., F.R.S., &c. Pp. xii., 88. 70 Plates. [With a 
Tabular view of the Fossiliferous strata of the earth. 1 1870. 
4to. 3/. 3s. 

Catalogue of ths Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia in the British 
Museum (Natural History). By Richard Lydekker, B.A., 

F.G.S. :-~ 
Part I. Containing the Orders Ornithohauria, Crocodilia, 
Dinosauria, Squamata, Rhynchocephalia, and Proteiosauria. 
Pp. xxviii., 309. 69 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index 
and Alphabetical Index c£ Genera and Species, including 
Synonyms.] 1888, 8vo. Is. 6cl 
Part II. Containing the Orders Ichthyopterygia and Sauropterygia. 
Pp. xxi., 307. 85 Woodcuts. [With Systematic 
Index and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, 
including Synonyms.] 1889, 8vo. 7*. 6d« 
Part III. Containing the Order Chelonia. Pp. xviii., 239. 
53 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index and Alphabetical 
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 
1889, 8vo. Is. 6d. 
Part IV. 
Containing the Orders Anomodontia, Ecaudata, 
Caudata, and Labyrinthodontia ; and Supplement. Pp. 

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY). 15 

Catalogue of the Fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, &e,—continued. 
xxiii., 295. 66 Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, 
Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species, including 
Synonyms, and Alphabetical Index of Genera and Species 
to the entire work.] 1890, 8vo. 7s. 6d. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Fishes in the British Museum (Natural 
History). By Arthur Smith Woodward, F.G.S., F.Z.S. :— 
Part I. Containing the Elasmobranchii. Pp. xlvii., 474. 
13 Woodcuts and 17 Plates. [With Alphabetical Index,* and 
Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 1889, 8vo.21s. 
Part II. Containing the Elasmobranchii (Acanthodii), Holocephali, 
Ichthyodorulites, Oslraeodermi, Dipnoi, and Teleostomi 
(Crossopterygii and Chondrostean Actinopterygii). 
Pp. xliv., 567. 58 Woodcuts and 16 Plates. [With Alphabetical 
Index, and Systematic Index of Genera and Species.] 
1891, 8vo. 21s, 

Systematic List of the Edwards Collection of British Oligocene and 
Eocjne Mullusca in the British Museum (Natural History), with 
references to the type-specimens from similar horizons contained 
in other collections belonging to the Geological Department of the 
Museum. By Richard Bulien Newton, F.G.S. Pp. xxviii., 365. 
[With lable of Families and Genera, Bibliography, Correlation-
table, Appendix^ and Alphabetical index.] 1891, 8vo. 6s. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum 
(Natural History). By Arthur H. Foorcl, F.G.S. :~


Part I. Containing part of the Suborder Nautiloidea, consisting 
of the families Orthoceratidse, Endoceratida3, Actinocoratidse, 
Gomphoceratidce, Ascoceratida3. Poterioceratida;, 
Cyrtoceratidaa, and Supplement. Pp. xxxi., 344. 51 
Woodcuts. [With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical 
Index of Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1888, 
8vo. 10*. 6d. 

Part II. Containing the remainder of the Suborder Nautiloidea, 
consisting of the families Lituifcidas, TrochoeeraticlaB, 
Nautilidos, and Supplement. Pp. xxviii., 407. 86 Woodcuts. 
[With Systematic Index, and Alphabetical Index of 
Genera and Species, including Synonyms.] 1891, 8vo. 15s. 

A Catalogue of British Fossil Crustacea, with their Synonyms and 
the Range in Time of each Genus and Order. By Henry Woodward, 
F.R.S. Pp. xii., 155. [With an Alphabetical Index.] 
1877, 8vo. 5s. 

Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the Geological Department of the 
British Museum (Natural History), with an account of the morphology 
and systematic position of the group, and a revision of the 
genera and species, (illustrated by 20 plates, &c.) By Robert 
Etheridge, jun., of the Department of Geology, British Museum 
(Natural History), and P. Herbert Carpenter, D.Sc, F.R.S., 

P.L.S. (of Eton College). [With a preface by Dr. H. Woodward, 
Table of Contents, General Index, Explanation of the Plates, &c] 
Pp. xv., 322. 1880, 4to. 25s. 
1G LIbT OF PUBLICATIONS OF THtt 

Catalogue of the Fossil Sponges in (lie Geological Department of the 
British Museum (Natural History). With descriptions of new 
and little-known species. By George Jennings Hinde, Ph.D., 
F.(x.S. Pp. viii., 248. 38 Plates. [With a Tabular List of 
Species, arranged in Zoological and Stratigraphical sequence, and 
an Alphabetical Index.] 1883, 4to. 1/. 10*. 

Catalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum (Natural 
History). By Professor T. Rupert Jones, F.R.S., &e. Pp. xxiv., 

100. [With Geographical and Alphabetical Indexes.] 1882, Svo. os. 
Catalogue of the Palaeozoic Plants in the Department of Geology 
and Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural History). By 
Robert Kidslon, F.G.S. Pp. viii., 288. [With a list of works 
quoted, and an Index.] 1886. Svo. 5s. 

GUIDE-BOOKS. 

(To hi obtained only at the Museum.) 

A General Guide to the British Museum (Natural Historv\ Cromwell 
Road, London, S.W. [By W, H. Flower.] With 2 Plans, 
2 views of the building, and an illustrated cover. Pp. 74. 1891, 
8vo. Sd. 

Guide to the Galleries of Mammalia (Mammalian, Osteologieid, 
Cetacean) in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum 
(Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 3rd Edition. Pp. 125. 
57 Woodcuts and 2 Plans. Index. 1887, 8vo. M. 

A Guide to the Gould Collection of Humming Birds, British 
Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 5th Edition. 
Pp. 22. With Map showing the distribution of Humming Birds. 
1889, 8vo. 2(7. 

Guide to the Gallery of Eeptilia in the Department of Zoology of 
the British Museum (Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd 
Edition. Pp. 30. 22 Woodcuts and" 1 Plan. 1886, Svo. 2d. 

Guide to the Galleries of Reptiles and Fishes in the Department of 
Zoology of the British Museum {Natural History). [By A. 
Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. iv.? 119. 101 Woodcuts and 1 
Plan. Index. 1888, Svo. 6d. 

Guide to the Shell and Starfish Galleries (Mollusca, Echinodermata, 
Vermes), in the Department of Zoology of the British Museum 
f Natural History). [By A. Giinther.] 2nd Edition. Pp. h\, 74. 
51 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1888, Svo. id. 

A Guide to the Exhibition Galleries of the Department of Geology 
and Palaeontology in the British Museum (Natural History}, 
Cromwell Road, London, S.W. [By Henry Woodward. New 
Edition*]—


Part I. Fossil Mammals and Birds. Ppt xiL, 103. 119 
Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1890, Svo. 6d. 
Part It* Fossil Reptiles, Fishes, and Invertebrates, Pp. xii.. 

100. 91 Woodcuts and 1 Plan. 1890, Svo. 6d. 
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISToRY). 1*7 

Guide to tlie Collection of Fossil Fishes in the Department of 
Geology and Pal03ontology, British Museum (Natural History), 
Cromwell Road, South Kensington. [By Henry Woodward.] 2nd 
Edition. Pp. 51. 81 Woodcuts. Index. 1888, 8vo. 4cL 

A Guide to the Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural 
History). [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 32. Plan. 1889, 8vo. Id. 

An Introduction to the Study of Minerals, with a Guide to the 
Mineral Gallery of the British Museum (Natural History), Cromwell 
Road, S.W. [By L. Fletcher.] Pp. 120. Diagrams. 
Plan of the Mineral Gallery. Index. 1889, 8vo. 6d. 

The Student's Index to the Collection of Minerals, British Mu.-eum 
(Natural History). New Edition. Pp. 27. With a plan of the 
Mineral Gallery. 1890, 8vo. 2d. 

An Introduction to the Study of Meteorites, with a List of the 
Meteorites represented in the Collection. [By L. Fletcher.] 
[With a Plan of the Mineral Gallery, and an Index to the 
Meteorites represented in the Collection.] Pp.91. 1890, 8vo. 3d. 

W. I-I. FLOWER, 
Director, 

British Museum 
(Natural History), 
Cromwell Road, 
London, S.W. 

August 1st, 1891. 

L o N it o N : Printed by K 1* ii !•: iiinl Si'dTU w o o i> K, 
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 
For Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 
1 [7144.—3000 & 230.—8/91.] 

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