Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum 
Volume XXI 
1893 
eBooks von / from Digitalisiert von / Digitised by 
Humboldt-Universität zu 
Berlin
CATALOGUE 


BIRDS 


,? 

9 ,•' 

- -7 

BRITISH MUSEUM. 

f-£? '/* 

VOLUME XXL 


v.* „r 7 

LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 
1893. 


CATALOGUE 


OF THE 

OOLUMBJi OK PIGEONS, 

IN THE 

COLLECTION 

OF THE 

BRITISH MUSEUM. 

BY 

T. SALVADOR!, 
LONDON: 
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES. 


SOLD BY 
LONG-MANS & Co., 39 PATERNOSHER ROW; 
B. QUARTICH, 15 PICCADILLY; DULAU & Co., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W". ; 
"&EBAW PAUL & Co., PATERXOSTER HOUSE, CHARING- CROSS ROAD; 
AND AT THE 
BRITISH MU8BUM (NATURAL HISTORY;, CROMWELL ROAD, SW. 

PEIKTED BY TAYLOB AND FBAJTCI6, 

BED LXO"^ COURT, FLEET ^TEEBT. 

PEEFACE. 

THE Collection, of Pigeons in the British Museum consists of 7359 
specimens, referred by the Author to 415 species. Only about one 
tenth of the species known are unrepresented in the Collection; 
they belong chieiy to the Austro-Malayan and Polynesian Faunas; 
whilst of other species the series of specimens are almost complete, 
having been obtained from the donations of Mr. A. Hume, and 
especially of Messrs. Godman and Salvin, who were collecting 
specimens of Pigeons for many years with the view of preparing 
a completely illustrated Monograph of the Order. 

I have again the pleasure of acknowledging the conscientious 
attention which the Author has given to this work in all its details, 
and which renders it a worthy companion to the preceding volume 
of this Catalogue. 

ALBERT GUNTHEB, 

Keeper of the Department of Zoology. 

British Museum (N. H.), 
June 30, 1893. 


INTRODUCTION. 

THE order of Pigeons has been much studied by Ornithologists, 
and therefore some notes on the literature relating to the subject 
will not be out of place here. 

Between 1808 and 1811 there appeared a splendid work in folio, 
4 Les Pigeons, par Madame Knip, nee Pauline de Courcelles, le texte 
par C. J. Temminck, tome i. 86 pis., Paris.' This work is beautifully 
illustrated and contains the descriptions of many new species. 

In 1813 Temminck published the 'Histoire naturelle generale 
des Pigeons et des Grallinaces'; the first volume (pp. i-xvi, 1-499, 
Amsterdam) contains the descriptions of about 90 species. 

A complete account of the Pigeons was published by Vieillot 
in 1818 in the Article " Pigeon " which formed part of the 26th 
volume of the ' Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle' (pp. 286404). 


Later on, in 1823, Vieillot completed the account of the Pigeons, 
begun in 1790 by Bonnaterre, in the first volume of the c Tableau 
Encyclopedique et Methodique des trois Eegnes de la Nature, 
Ornithologie/ generally known under the name of 6 Eneyclope'die 
Methodique7; the part written by Bonnaterre extends from 
page 226 to 258, and the continuation by Vieillot from page 375 
to 387. 

In 1827 Wagler in the 4 Systema Avium' gave an excellent 
account with full descriptions, in Latin, of the species of the genus 
Columba, 213 in number, besides 16 doubtful species. The volume 
of the ' Naturalist's Library' devoted to this order and prepared 
by Selby (1835) is not complete and is rather superficially done. 

Between 1838 and 1843 Pre'vost published, in continuation of 
Temminck's great work, the second volume of <Les Pigeons/ 
containing 60 plates, executed by Madame Knip. 

In 1854 Bonaparte published a complete catalogue of the Pigeons 
in the second volume of the 4 Conspectus generum Avium/ pp. 5-96. 
This is the best work dons by Bonaparte, and may be consulted 
with advantage even at the present time. Other researches on 

Till INTRODUCTION. 

Pigeons were published by Bonaparte in the " Coup d'GEil sur 

l'Ordre des Pigeons " (Compt. Eend. Ac. Sc. Paris, xxxix. pp. 889


880, 1072-1078, 1102-1112 (1854); xl. pp. 15-24, 96-102, 

204-221 (1855); xliii. pp. 833-839, 942-949 (1856)). 

The Trustees of the British Museum published in 1S56 the 4 List 
of the Specimens of Birds in the Collection of the British Museum, 
Part IV. Columhce, pp. 73, by G, B. Gray/ Although in this 
little volume only the species contained in the British Museum are 
enumerated, it is most useful, enabling us to make many interesting 
identifications. 

Bonaparte, in 1857, while in a very precarious state of health, 

published the ' Iconographie des Pigeons,3 a companion work to 

those of Temminck and PreVost. It contains 59 plates, but was 

unfortunately left unfinished. 

About the year 1862, Reichenbach published 4 Die vollstandigste 
jSTaturgeschichte der Tauben, Qolumharias,' soon followed by a second 
part,; Neu entdeckte Taubenvogel/ The publication of the numerous 
figures accompanying this work began as early as 1S47 (Synopsis 
Avium, Columlarice), and was continued in the years 1S4S {Cohtmlarice), 
1851 (Nbvitise ad Synopsin Avium, Columbaria), and 1862 
(Nachweisung, etc.): these illustrations are mostly copies very indifferently 
executed, and the text is but a poor compilation. 

G. R. Gray, in 1871, in the * Hand-list,'" gave a nominal list of 
all the species then known, 378 in number. In 1873 Schlegel 
prepared for the ' Museum des Pays-Bas' the account of the a Aves 
Columbae," pp. 1-180, contained in the Leyden Museum. They 
numbered 2309 specimens, or 249 species *. 
After the elimination of duplicates, the Collection in the British 
Museum numbers 7359 specimens belonging to 415 species. Of 
these, 112 are represented by typical specimens, besides 47 which 
are types of species that have been identified with others previously 
described. 

* Besides the above mentioned works of a general character, I may mention 
that a full account of the Papuan and Moluecan Pigeons has been given by 
myself in the third volume of the ' Ornitologia della Papuasia e delle 
Molucche,' pp. 1-218, that a paper on the African Pigeons has been published 
by Oapt. Shelley (f Ibis,' 1883, pp. 258-330), and that Br. Wiglesworth baa 
given an account of the Polynesian species in his excellent paper, *l Aves 
Polynesia*" (Abh. Zool. u. Anfh. Etlm. Mns. Bresd. 1891). 
IltfTKODTJCTION. ix 

The number of species recognized in the present Catalogue is 

458, besides 27 of a more doubtful character, which are more or less 

fully referred to in the body of the work. 42 species are still 

desiderata in the Collection. 11 have been described for the first time. 

As to the classification of Pigeons, I have experienced the same 

difficulties as in that of the Parrots. It is a well known fact that the 

Pigeons constitute a very homogeneous order, which does not admit 

of division into easily definable or sharply defined groups. 

Dr. Garrod, in a paper " On some points in the Anatomy of the 
Columbce" (P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 249-259), has attempted a classification 
based on anatomical characters, such as the ambiens muscle, 
the intestinal caeca, the oil-gland, and the gall-bladder, but with 
the result of forming only the most heterogeneous assemblages: 
thus Carpqphaga and Lopholcemus are separated from the Pruit-
Pigeons or Treroninrp, and united with the Phcibince or Ground-
Pigeons, while among the Tferonbirp, with Treron and Ptilopus, we 
find Phhcjcenas, Stanioenas, Geopelia, and Goura! 

I think that, for the present, the safest and most natural mode of 
arranging them is offered by their external characters, and I propose 
a system which is not very different from those propounded in 1872 
by Sundevall (Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tentamen, pp. 97-101) and 
in 1880 by Sciater ('Ibis.' 1880, pp. 406, 407). 

Owing to the want of a recent general Catalogue or Monograph 
my task has not been easy; and much of the good that may be 
found in my work is owing to the help I have received from many 
friends, especially Mr. Salvin, with whom I worked out the whole 
of the American species, Dr. Sharpe, Dr. Sclater, Mr. Seebohm, 
Prof. Newton, Dr. Oustalet, Dr. Eeiehenow, and Graf von Berlepseh. 
I have also to thank Canon Tristram, Mr. Eidgway and the 
Authorities of the Smithsonian Institution, Mr. Allen, Dr. Harfclaub, 
Dr. Finsch, Dr. Meyer, Mr. Wiglesworth, Prof. Barboza 
du Bocage, Dr. Schauinsland, Dr. W. Blasius, the "Hon. W. Rothschild, 
Mr. Hartert, and the Authorities of the Museums of Prankfort 
and of Milan, for the loan of interesting specimens or for useful 
information. 

T. SALYADOW. 
Turin. Zoological Museum, 
June 1893 


SYSTEMATIC INDEX 


Order COLUMBA 

Suborder I. OOLUMB^E. 

Fam. I. T E E E O N I B M. 

Subfam. 1. TEERONINJE. 
Page 

1. Spbenocereus, G. M. Gr. . 4 

1. apicicauda (Hodgs.) .. 5 

2. ojxvurua (Beinw.) .... 7 
t 3. spnenurus (£%,) 8 
4 korthalsi (Temm.) 11 

5. sieboldi (Temm.) 12 

6. SOTOSUS, Sivinh 13 

7. formosse (Swinh) .... 13 

8. permagnus (Stejn.) .. 14 

2. Vinago, Guv 15 
l.wa^mJGm.) 15 
^ ^."^^^^^Bpos (Fraser).. 17 
** 3, aS&alis (Idnn.) 18 
4.^3^T?B?im.) 20 

5. wiEeieldi (Bharpe) .. 23 

6. ^SSSwTJltchnw.) .. 24 
77M3miW (Bp.) .... 24 

3. Cxoeapra^T. 26 

1. pboenicopterus (Lath.). 26 

2. viridifrons (Byth).... 28 

3. cblorogaster (Blyth) .. 30 

4. Butreron, j?p 32 

1. cajnellei (Temm) 32 

5. TreronTK^ 33 

1. w^Jgask (Hodgs.) .. 34 

2. nmic&7"Sckleg 37 

6. Osmotreron, Bp 38 

1. griseicauda, G. R. Gr. 40 

2. wallacei, Sdlvad. 42 
STTSKgErensis (Brugg.) . 43 

4. BtojjeijL Blyth 43 

5. mamBarica (Jerd.).... 45 

Page 

6. aromatica {Crm.) 47 

7. axillanji(£. J2.6V.).. 48 

8. jchTofoptera ffiyrt) .. 49 
9.'pompado!,a"t^w.) 51 

10. fulvicollis (Wagl).... 52 

11. baramensis (Meyer) .. 54 

12. teysmani (ScJihg.).... 65 

13. psittacea (Tem?n.) .... 55 

14. floris (JTflZ/.) 56 

15. bicincta (Jerd.) 57 

16. Vernans (Linn.) 60 
Yl.-m^nmm.) 64 

7. Phabotreron, Bp 66 

1. ametbystlna^ Bp 06 
2.leucoti8 (Temm.) 67 
3. occipitalis, Salmd. .. 68 
4. nigroram, Sharpe .... 68 

5. brevirostris, Tweedd... 69 

Subfam. 2. PTILOPODINJS. 

8. Ptilopus, Sw 70 

a. Leucotreron. 

1. occipitalis, G. M, Gr,. 72 
2.J&sc1ieri, Brugg. 74 

3. mefidjoMlfs " (Mey. fy 
Wiglesw.) 74 

4. marchei, Oust 75 
5. roseicollis (Wagl),... 75 
6. jlbocjnctusj Wail 77 
7.*cmcSsT^^-T 77 
8. lettifflagjgk Schleg 78 
9. gu^SmjQuoySr Gazm.) 78 
10. leclancberi (Bp.) .... 79 
11.7amWXffm.) 80 

0. Ptilopus. 

12. greyi, G. M. Gr 85 

Xll SYSTEMATIC rSTDEX. 
Page Page 


IS. gelewensis, Karil. Sf i. bjlpliiti'eron. 
Finsck 80 47. tannen-is {Lath.) .... 127 

14. perousei, Peale 87 

43. aurantiifron&, G. P. Gr. 123 

15. dupeti1>tbouaj$i (Se


49. wallacel, G. P. Gr. .. 129 

" ooux) £9 

50. ornatu&j Po&enb 131 

16. xanthogpster ( Wagl.) . 91 

51. gebtroi. Salrrtd. 131 

17. ricbardsi, Mams. .... 92 

52. perlatus ( Temiu.) .... 132 

18. ponapensis, Finsch.... 93 

53. zonuru3« Salvad. .... 133 

19. hernsheimij Fi/ihch .. 94 

54. ylnmJjeicMf^l'Ietjer.. 133 

20. swainsoni, Gould .... 95 

21. ewmgi, Gould 90 K. Thoracotreron. 

22. flavieollis, G. P. Gr.. . 97 55. strophiuro, Gould .... 135 

28. fasciatus, Peale 98 50. inicpieli, Posenh 130 

24. porphjTaceus (Forst.) . 100 

57. rivolif (Pm\) 136 

25. rarotongensis, Karil. & 

58. prasinorrhous.lr. P. Gr. 137 

Finsch 103 

59.fc^TluSjSclaf 13s 

26. coralensis, Peale 104 

60. sj^ecioaa^ Rosenb 131) 

27. Smithsonian us. Salvad. 105 J 

61. jobannis, Sclat 140 

28. purpuratub (Gm.) .... 105 j 

62. salomonensia, G. P. Gr. 140 

29. chijbOg&stei^G/p. Gr. 107 
30."roseicagglus "{Less.) .. 300 A. Spilotreron. 

31. 
mercien (Des Murs <§• < 63. melanocephaluMjFwsf.) 142 
Pr&\; 110 04. banguf \ eiiNi>, M^/u\ , 143 

32. tribtrami, Salvad 110 65. nielanospilu*-, Salrad.. 114 

33. huttoni, Finsch Il l 60. isE^sanJiQ*U, Salvad.. 144 

67. xanthurrhou*, Salvad.. 145 

y. Lamprotreron. 

34. superbus ( Temm.) .... 112 p. Ionotrerun. 
So. temmincki (Des 3/urs 68. nanus (Temm.) ...... 147 
% Prev.) .......... 115 69. ionogaster (Reinw.) .. 148 

70. pectoralis ( Wagl.).... 149 

B. Eutreron. 71. Salvador!!, Potfmeh. .. 150 

36. pulcbellus {Temm.) .. 117 72. viridis (Linn.) 151 

73. musscbenbroeki, Po- 152 
€. Ptilopodi^cus. seyib. 152 

74. lewi«ii, Pams 153 

37. coronulatu§? G. It Gr. 118 I 

75. eugeniie, Gould 153 

38. bujonegsis, Meyer .... 120 

9. Chnscenaf, Up loQ

39. trigeminus., Safaad. .. 120 

3. luteoviren* {ILombr. 4* 

40. gemimj^ Salvad 120 

Jacq.) 155 

41. quadiigeruinus, Meyer, 121 

2. victor, Gould ........ 157 


3. viridis, Layard 158 

£. Oyanotreron. 

10. Drepanoptila, Pp. 158 

42. monacbus (Peimc.) .. 121 

1. liolosericea (Temm.) .. 158 

11. AlectroenasrO". P- Gr. .. 1**0 

7). Clilorotreron. 

*rodericana (Milne


43. bunieralis, Wall. 123 | 

Bdw.)t 160 

44. jobiensis, Sehleg. 124 l 

1. pulcherxima (Scop.) .. 101 

45. lo/.onus, G. R. Gr. ,. 324 

± IsaSffiSTfVerr.) 302 

3. "sWSdSSima (Scop.) .. 163 

8. CEdirhinufi. 4. madagascarienHis 

46. insolitus, Sehleg. .... 120 ft (TAnn.). 104 

* R. 

SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 
Xlll 

Page 

28. rufiyentris, Salvad, . . 212 
29. cbalconota, Salvad. .. 213 
d. Ducula. 
30. lacemulata (Temm.).. 215 
31. cuprea (Jerd.) 215'" 
32. msTgrns (Sodgs.) .... 216 
33. gosfiicapilk ( Wald.) . 217 
34. badia (Bajf.) 218 
e. Cryptopbaps. 
35. poecilorrhoa, Brtigg. .. 220 
£. Zoncenas. 

36. muelleii {Temm.) .... 221 
37. ipwonJCQu&y §m Gaim.). 222 
38. ruBTensis, Meyer 223 
39. salvadorii, Tristr 223 
40. westennani, Bosenb.. . 224 
41. astrolabiensis, Meyer,. 225 
42. melanoekroa, Si-fat. .. 225 
43. brenoWevi, G. JR. Gr. . 22o 
16. Phaenorhina, G. B. Gr. .. 226 
1. goliatli, G, R Gr 226 
17. Myristicivora, Behnb 227 
1. bicolor (Scop.) 227 
2. spilorrhoa (G. B. Gr.) 231 
3. subflavescens (Finsck), 232 
4. melanura, G. B. Gr... 233 
5. luctuosa (Beinw.) 233 
18. Lopbolsenms, G, B. Gi\.. 235 
1. aitfaxcjacus (Sham) .. 235 
19. Hemipbaga, Bp 236 
1. aoyae zealandise (Gm.). 236 
2.%pSicea(X«^.) 238 
S.^cSSEESmeiisk(Bothseh.) 239 
Fam. 
II. COLUMBID M. 

Subfam. 1. CoLomiNiE. 

1. Gymnopbaps, Salvad. . . 240 
1. ajbertisiij Salvad. 240 
2. 
Columba, Linn 241 
unicincta, Cass. 242 
1. grisea (G. B. Gr.) .... 248 
2. Leucojaata, r?>. ..... . 249 ~~ 
3. ngjestris, Pall. .. 250 
4. liyia, Bonn 253 
Tfumcola, Bp 256 
5._gymnocycius? G. B, Gr. 257 

e.seEmrpmfBp, ...... 2m 

12. Megaloprepia, Behnb
1. fonmosa, G. B. Gr.
2. magSIIca (Temm.)
s 3 . assimilis (Gould)
"4. polfuraj. Salvad.

5. pueTIa {Less.)
Subfam. 3. CABPOPHAaiNiE. 

13. Serresius, Bp 171 
1. galeatus, Bp 171 
14. Globicera, Bp 172 
1. paciiica^((rm.) 173 
2. oeeanica (Less.) 176 
3. niyristicivora (Scop.). . 177 
4. rufencera (G. B. Gr.). . 178 
5. rufigula [Salvad.) .... 179 
6. aurorse (Peale) 180 
7. wilkesi (Peak) 181 
15. Oarpopliaga, Selby 181 
a. Carpopbaga. 
1. whartoni, Sharpe .... 184 
2. osnothorax, Salvad. . . 184 
3. insularis, Blyth 185 
4. conspbrina, Salvad. . . 180 
5. concinna, Wall 186 
6. geelvinHana, Schleg . . 188 
7. paulina (Temm.) 188 
8. pulebella, Wald 189 
9. m&SSBZCab 190 
10. asnea (Linn ) 190 
11. rbodinolgema, Sclat. .. 196 
12. van-wycMi, Cass. .... 196 
IB. pistrinaria, Bp 197 
14. rosacea ""(T^www.) ... . 198 
15. TOrspiclllata (Temm,) . 199 
16. neglecfa,; Schleg 200 
17. pieFermgi; Cass 201 
18. cineracea (Temm.) .. 202 
19. latrans, Peale 202 
20. zpe» (less.) 204 
zoese orientalis, Meyer, 205 
/3. Ptilocolpa. 

21. griseipectus, G. R. Gr. 205 
22. carola, Bp 206 
y. Zonophaps. 
23. for^teni (Bp.) 208 
24. polioeepbala, G. B. Gr. 209 
2^. raciiata (Quoy fy Gaim.) 210 
26. finscbi, litems 211 
27. basilica, Surdev 211 
166 
. . 166 
. . 167 

 .... 168 
169 
170 

* Extinct. 
XiV 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Page 

intermedia, Bp 239 

(MMpEmn 261 

9. ^mmMfBp 264 
, Q,u0a£qp£&rRupp*.... 26o 
11. guinea, Linn. 2ti& 
12. pteieonota, G. R. Gr. . . 268 
18. gyvmoj)hthakiiB,,Tem7n. 269 
14, pifi^CffS]~7Si?w 271 
15. . albipennis?6'e/«t Sf Salv. 272 
16, . mj£ulqs,% Temm 273 
17. hodgsonij Viy 274 
18. . arquajaax, Temm 276 
arquatrix thoinens>is;i?oc. 277 
19. .leucocepliala, Linn. . . 278 
,, squamosa, Bonn 280 
21. , speciosa, Gm 251 
22. . inornata, Vuj 284 
23, flavifosS'is, Wagl. ... . 285 
24 vSfafiTemm 287 
sylYi&M&. Vieill. 289 

25. cariboea, Jacq. 290 
26. faselala, Say 291 
27. VTOSCSB, "Brewst 293 
28. crissaliSj Scdvad 294 
29. aTBHrnea, G. R. Gr. .. 294 
. araucana, Less 296 
31. laurivora, Webb fyEertk. 297 
32. b^lei, Godm 297 
33. trocaz, Heiaeken ... . 298 
34. palumbu% Lmn 291J 
35. ca&iotis (Bp.) 302 
36. torringtonise (Kelaart). 303 
37. elphinstonei (Sykes) .. 304 
38. pulchricollis, JBCodgs. . . 305 
39. ^ai^eoJ (Tick.) 306 
. palumboides (Hume) . 30^ 
41. versicolor, Kittl ... . 309 
42. jouyi (Stejn.) 310 
43. ianthina, Temm 310 
44. nitens, Kittl 311 
45. metallica. Temm. ... . 312 
46. griseigularis ( Wald. § 
Lay.) 313 
47. aibigujaris (Bp.) 313 
48. bfj&diroa (Gould) . 815 
49. vitiensis2 QuayfyGaim. 316 
. lebpoldi (Tristr.) 317 
51. castaneieeps, Peale . . 318 
52. pallidiceps (Rams.) . . 319 
53. phillppana (Rams*) , . 319 
54. iancomek, Temm 320 
55. polleni, Schley 321 
56. nigrirostris^fe/a^ 322 
57. plumbea^ Vieill 323 
58. suFvInacea (Lawr.) . . 326 
Page 

3. Xesoenas, Salmd., no v. gen. 327 
1. mayeri (Marehtd) ... . 327 
4. Tarturcenau Bp. .... ... 328 
1. delegurguei {1teltgot*yue f 328 
2. sEarpei, Snh ad 328 
3. incerta, Salcad. ...... 330 
4. 
raditorfttte ( Oa$*.) .. 330 
5. malKerbei (Terr.) ... . 331 
Subfam. 2. MACHOPY&ID«JB. 

5. Turaeoena, Bp. ........ 333 
1. menad^nsis (Quay 4" 
"Gaim.) .......... 333 
2. modesta (Temm.) .... 334 
6. 
Macropygia, Sic 335 
macroura [Gm.) 33-3 
1. tu&&li&(II<jd</8.) 33b 
2. swmlioeijJVardl.Rams. 340 
3. leptog;rainmi(*a(7>w/«.) 340 
4. inaifna, Wall......... 342 
5. timorlaueiMs Meyer . 342 
6. muca^ triei sK Wall. . 343 
7. eiiitianioiiifvi, Salt ad. . <)44 
b. rufipemiK B/i/th . . . 314 
9. tenuiro^tiis, G. JR. Gn 3|ti 
10. emilU»ia4 Up, . .... 317 
11. mtulh/lmm 7 tSfiii ad. .» 348 
12. plia^iaiielia { Temm. I.. 318 
IS. ii^uimmmjLifm.} . . 3*11 
14. keiensi^ Salmd*...... 352 
15. albicapiila {Temm.) ., 353 
16. sknghiten^hy Sakad* . . 354 
17. maforen^i^ Salvad. . . 355 
1Q. dore\u, Bp. ........ 355 
19. cineieicep-, Tristr. . . 357 
20. jmrieinucba, Salvarf. . . 357 
21. batcliianen<*is. Wall. ., 357 
22. proldiei, Snh ad. ..... 358 
'i;1

 fcirfrtftja, % ..... . 359 

24. ruhceps f 1* mm.) ,, * 
%h rilFnrottri^, buktid* . 
2H. fm€hemtmim} Jfam*. # 36S 
27. rufii, Jfomm. ........ 384 
iBackinlayi, &otm$, *. 364 
7. BeiiiwtrffcBaftJi, ZJp. ... » f*B5 
2. minor {«%,) ...... 3ti7 
3. hmwm{8®kt) ...... S67 
8. 
Ciirjftea^, WartllJfatm*. MB 
L cK^foatris (fmM) .. 368 
Subfam. 3. IHCTOI*WTIN^. 

9. EctopiHies, *%-. ..... . . 3*8 
1. migmtorius iXim) ., 309 
SYSTEMATIC INDEX. 

Fam. 
III. PEBISTEBID-3B. 

Subfam. 1. ZENAIDDLE. 
Page 

1. Zenaidura, Bp 373 
1. carolinensis^Xim) .. 374 
2. cj^5o5^n^fs^ Towns. .. 378 
3. graysoni, JBaird 378 
2. 
Zenaida, ^ 379 
plumbea, Gosse .. 379 
1. aurita (Temm. # Knip) 380 
2. amabiHs, Bp 382 
spaHicea, Cory 383 
3. yucatanensis, Salvad.. 384 
4. auriculata (Des Murs). 384 
5. mgcaiSa, G. JR. Gf. .. 387 
0. vuxaceo-rufa, Mdgio. . 3b9 
7. jessiSe,""^'^ S8 9 
stenura, Bp 390 
3. Nesopelia, Sundev 390 
1. galapagoen&is (Goidd) . 390 
4. Melopelia; Bp 391 
1. leucoptera {Linn.). ... 392 
2. 
tueloda (Tsch.) 395 
Subfam. 2. TCBTUEINJE. 
5. Turtur, Selby 396 
a. Turtur. 
1. turtur £Linn.) 390 
2. isabellinus, Bp 400 
3. i^^go^Bcersm.) .... 401 
4. orientalis (Zatk) .... 403 
5. l^^sJ&wjRp.) 408 
jS. Homopelia. 

6. picturatu£(T<?ww.) .. 409 
7. aliaBranus, $ctef 411 
8. comorensis, K Newt... 412 
9. coppingerf, Sharpe .. 412 
10. rostratus, JJp 413 
y. Streptopelia. 
risorius (Linn.) 414 
11. semitoiquatus (Hupp.) 416 
12. sbellejij Salvad. 419 
13. ambl^uus, Bocage .... 419 
14. decipiens, Finsch fy 
Marti. 420 
pempMOatus, Fisch. fy 
Rchnw 421 

15. bitorquatus (Temm.),. 421 
16. dussumieri (Temm.) .. 423 
17. c&gicola (Sundev.) .. 424 
18. damarepsis. Finsch fy 
WZrTTTl*. 42 
Page 

19. vinaceus (Gm.) 428 
20. rqseognseus (SundeiK). 429 
21. douraca (Eodgs.) 430 
22. ligmjga, [Temm.) 434 
23. iranquebaiicus(IZ<?ra.) 437 
8. Spilopelia. 
24. ^bmenfcls (Scop.) .... 439 
25. t|gnnus (Temm.) .... 440 
2ij. suratensis (Gm.) 444 
€. StigmatopeHa. 

27. senegalenszs (Linn,) .. 448 
28.mcambayensis (Gm.) .. 451 
emmSni^Bp. 452 

Subfam. 3. GEOPSUISLS. 

6. Geopelia, Sw 454 
1. humeralis (Temm.) .. 455 
2. tianquilla, Gould .... 4&B 
3. striata (Linn) 458 
4. maugei (Temm.) .... 461 
5. cungaiia (Lath.) 462 
7. Scardafella, Bp, 4(53 
1. squamosa (Temm.) .. 464 
2.'mc^JLess.) 465 
8. Gymnopelia, Sclat. 8? Salv. 468 
1. eTjJhmthomxjMei/en) 468 
Subfam. 4. PBHISTBEIN^B. 

9. Golumbula, ^ p 470 
1. pfgm" (Temm) 470 
10. Cbamaspelia, Sw 472 
1. passerina (Linn.) .... 473 
2. Txjmut&JXinn.) 481 
3. craziana (I)1 Orb.) .... 488 
4 hjdckhji, Sclat. 8f Salv. 484 
5. lalpacoti (Temm.) 485 
6. rutipennis, G. B. Gr. . 487 
11. 
Uropefia, Bp 489 
1- campestris (/$>?>) 489 
12. 
Oxypelia, Salvad. .. 490 
1. "eyanopis (Natt.) 490 
13. Peristera, Sw 491 
1. cinexea [Temm.) .... 491 
2- geflJSqvi (Temm.) 494 
3. mondetoumiBp.) 495 
melanciolica (Tsch.).. 496 
14. 
Metriopelia, Bp 497 
1-raelanoptera (MoL) .. 497 
2. ay5Sggy(W.) .... 499 
Subfam. 5. PHABIHLZB. 

15. 
CEna,i&% 501 
]. capensis (Linn.)...... 501 
SIS1EMAIIC 1XUEI. 

XVI 

Page 

16. T}rmpanistriaj Rchnb.504 
1. tynipanistria (Temm.). 504 
\iTgo. Haril 506 
17. Cbalcaj^lia, Bp. 506 
1. afeaJim/2.) 506 
18. Chalcopbaps, <SW<£ 510 
1. cbrysocnlora (Wagl.) . 511 
2. sangfbirensis, j?fos 513 
3. mc&a (Linn.) 514 
^.n^^is^Lister .... 520 
5. stepbanj Rchnb 520 
6. mortoni, Mains 522 
19. Calopelia, Salvad 522 
1. puella (Schleg.) 52-3 
2. brehmejd (HartL) ... . 524 
20. HerdcopbapSj G. B. Gr... 524 
1. albifrons, G. R. Gr. . . 524 
21. Pbaps, Selby 525 
1. chalcoptera \Lath.) . . 520 
2. el^gms^Tefnm.) 527 
22. Histriopbaps, Salvad 529 
1. bistiionica (Gould) . - 529 
23. PetropEas&a, Gould .... 530 
1. albipennis, Gould .... 5»\0 
24. Geopbaps, Goidd 531 M/ 1. scripta (Temm.) 531 
2. sidtbl (Jard. <§* St lb.) . 532 
25. Lopbopbaps, Rchnb. 533 
1. plumifeia. (Gould) 533 
2. ferruginea, Gould ... . 534 
3- leucogaster, Gould..., 535 
26. OcyfEaps7<3W<? 535 
1. lopbotes (Temm.) ... . 535 
Subfam. 6. GEOTRYGONINX. 

27. Haplopelia, Bp 537 
1. larrata (Temm.) ... . 538 
2.hrW&(Rupp.) ... . 540 
3. jobnstonij Shell 541 
4. inornata, Beknw 541 
5. principalis {HartL) . . 542 
6. simplex (Haril.) ... . 542 
28. Leptoptila, Sw 543 
1. bracbjpterax G. M. Gr. 545 
2. verreajixi, Bp 548 
3. plupbeieep?, Selat. $* 
jSiat/y 550 
4. rufaxiUa (Ifoc/i. <$• 
'Bern.?* 551 
5. babise, Berl. 553 
6. relcbenbacbi, Belz. .. 553 
7. ofioroancbenkj Giyl, $* 
Salvad ." 554 
8. ochroptera (Natt.).... 554 
Page 

9. niegaiura, 
beiai. & 
Sale . . 550 
10. gaumeri (Later.) ... . 557 
11. jamaicen'sis (Linn. . 557 
cofiari* f Cory) ...... 559 
neoxena I Cory) 559 
12. wellsi \Latrr.) 559 
13. pallida, Berl. A-Taez.. . 5tf0 
14. ea-sini, Lav r, ........ »>j0 
15. vmaceiventTi* \ItidfjV. 5**1 
10. 
cerriiih tjntrh, »VaWt a-
Salt. ...._ 561 
17. 
ruimucba, &?/«£. a*
sVi/r 5ti2 
29. Osculatia, Bp.. 5«3 
1. sapphirina, Bp. ...... 503 
2. ^i^i^s£fJSalc. ...... 503 
30. Geotrypon, Gosse ...... 504 
1. viplace% ( T««WL) . ,.. 505 
2. moutana \Limi.) .... 5t»7 
3. martiniea iLi/m.) . 570 
4. cbn t-sea, Bp 571 
5. 1B\ ^faeea f Temm.». .. 572 
il cnytAhiiTtmm.i ... 573 
7. cMiiicvp'* \Gvndl.\ .. 574 
K \_era<fiiens»R Laitr.. . 575 
9. la\\iHict*it *SW/i\ . .. . 570 
10. co^tarictii^i^ Lavr. , . 577 
11. Lourciws, Bp.. 577 
12. erytbroparexa, G. It*. 
"Gr. «... 57fc 
13. frenata (Tick.) 57K 
14. cbiricmenhis, Selat..... 579 
15. linearis {Free.} 560 
10. YenezufleiMS Sail ad. . 5*1 
17. ailiilttcic^ (G It. Gr,). . %&! 
31. Phloycena*. IOknb. . . , 5«H3 
1. luzuni* a iSr*>p. I. . . 585 
2. criniirera {Rcknh.\ .... 5H7 
3. plaining Bla*..:....., 588 
4. 
ru%uk {2*tt(ker« 4" 
Jif/.J ............ 588 
5. b^Jujrentrjs {BmeMb,) . 590 
0. tristigma (Temm.) ... 590 
7. bixuacuiata, Salvad. .. 591 
8. hoedii (&/i%.) 592 
9. ca^rons? -SV/fW, 4* 
* Pirmfi ............ 592 
vapensift, 
HartL ^* 
liW 593 

10. beccariij Salmi. 593 
11. Jobannaej ^?/^. ...... 594 
12. grant!, Salvad. 594 
13. stairi, 0: B. Gr. ... . 595 
14. samoensiSj Finseh ... . 596 
salomoni*, Raim 597 
XY11 

SYSTEMATIC 33DEX. 

15. 
margaritas, UAlb. fy 
*-j$~aivad. :.. „
sp
16. kubaryi? Finsch
17. 
erylbroptera (Gm.) ..
sp.TT.77™.
18. albicollis, Sahad
19. psgEggga,,. (Qttoy % 
Gaim.)
-f 
20. Tbgc^Scknwpectoralis (Peale)....
spspferruginea (Forster) ..
rube^eens (Vieill.)....
spspsp

32. 
Leucosarcia, Gould
1. picata {Lath)
S3. Eutiyjron, Sclat
1. terrebtris (G. 11. Gr.)..
2. leueopareia, Meyer ..
34. 
Olidiphaps, Gould
1. nobilis, Gould
2. cemcalis, limns
3. in&ularis, Salv.fy Godm,
35. 
Stamcenas, Bp
1. cyanocepbala {Linn.) .
Page Subfam. 7. CALCENADIN2E. 

 597 36. Calcenasj G. JR. Gr 614 
599 1. mcobarica {Linn.) .... 615 
599 2. peleweiTsis, Finsch.... 618 

 GOO 
600 Earn. IV. GorsiDiB. 
601 

1. Gonra, Stepli 619 
1. coronata {Linn.)...... 620 
602 

2. sclateri, Sahad 622 
604 
604 


3. afbertisii, Sahad 623 
604 
4. sheepmaker, Finsck .. 623 
605 
5. victoria {Fraser) .... 624 
605 
6. becearii, Sahad 625 
606 
beecarli buonensis, 
606 


Meyer 625 
606 
607 Fam. V. DlDFNCIILID2B. 
607 
607 1. Didunculus, Peale 626 
609 1. strigirostris {Jard.) .. 626 
609 
610 

Suborder II. DIDI. 

 610 
631 Fam. I. DiDID.33. 
011 
012 


1. Pezophaps, Strickl Q'29 
612 1. * solitarius (Gm.) 629 
613 2. Didus, Linn 632 

1. * ineptus, Linn 632 
2. *P borbonicus (Bp.) .. 636 
* Extinct. 
VOL. XXI. 
h 

LIST OF PLATES. 

Plate 

Spbenocercus formosse, p. 13 I. 

Osmotreron griseicauda (fig. 1), p. 40 1 j^ 
wallaeei (fig. 2), p. 42 3 
aromatica, p. 47 III. 
axillaris, p. 48 IV. 

Ptilopus eugenise, p. 153 Y. 
Carpopbaga oenothorax, p. 184 TL 
Columba grisea, p. 248 « VII. 

albipennis, p. 272 YIIL 
Turturoena delegorguei (figs. 1, 2), p. 328 1 

sbarpei (fig. 3), p. 329 J 
Cbamaepelia buckleji (Hg. 1), p. 484 ) T 
Oxypelia cyanopis (&g. 2), p. 490 J 
Pblogoenas beccarii (fig. 1), p. 593 1 «._ 

granti (&g. 2), p. 594 J 
albicollis (^g. 1), p. 601 
erytbroptera (Rg. 2), p. 600. f XIT 

Leptoptila megalura, p. 556 XIII. 
Osculatia purpurea, p. 563 XIY. 
Otidipbaps iusularis, p. 612 XY. 

CATALOGUE 

OF 

BIRDS. 


Order V. COLUMB^E. 

Characters. Rostrum swollen at the tip, which is hard and 
convex, its basal portion covered by a soft skin, in which the 
nostrils open, overhung by an incumbent valve. JFeet constantly 
with four toes; the hallux on the same level with the rest; the 
anterior toes without membrane at the base. Tarsi covered 
laterally and behind with hexagonal scales, and more or less 
feathered on the upper part, but sometimes entirely naked. 

Palate schizognathous; nostrils schizorhinal; basipterygoid processes 
(except in Didi) present and placed medially. Angle of the 
mandible not produced and recurved, but abruptly truncated. 
Dorsal vertebrae heterocoelous. Sternum variously shaped, generally 
with four deep posterior notches, the inner pair of which may be 
converted into foramina; sometimes (Geophaps) the sternum is very 
narrow and has only two notches; when there are four notches the 
external lateral processes thus formed are, as in GalUnce, much 
shorter than the internal ones. 

.Furcula (except in Didi) well developed. 

Eeathers without aftershaft or with a rudimentary one. Spinal 
feather-tract well denned on a considerable part of the neck by 
lateral bare tracts, and divided into a fork on the interscapular 
region ; primaries eleven; fifth secondary absent; tail-feathers from 
12 to 20. 

Oil-gland nude or absent. 
Cseca generally rudimentary, not functional; gall-bladder mostly 
absent (present in Carpophaga, Lopholcemus). 
Carotids both present (Garrod). 
VOL. xxi. B 

o 
C0Lr2IIL£. 
Hallux connected with- the flexor longus hallucis and not with 
flexor perforans digitorum; the two deep plantar tendons are not 
free, but united with a vinculum. 

The Pigeons build a nest of a very simple structure, composed of 
twigs, and generally placed in a tree. The eggs are generally two, 
and constantly white; some species lay only one egg. The newly-
hatched pulli are naked and altogether helpless, and fur a time 
they are nourished with a secretion from the well-developed crop. 

The Pigeons are phytophagous and cosmopolitan; about 470 
species are known. 

The affinities of the Pigeons are rather obscure, but, according to 
Huxley, they are closely allied to the Gallitire* and in some respects 
also to the Owls and the Vultures. 

Key to the tiulordt-rs. 
"Wings adapted for flight; furcula fully 
developed; basipterygoid processes present 
and placed medially 1. C0LUILB2E, p. 2. 
Wings rudimentary, not adapted for flight; 
furcula much reduced; basipterygoid 
processes absent. (JJiuvfcif, P. Z. S. 
1807, p. 434.) '.. 2. DIDL p. flf>N 

Suborder L COLUMB.E. 

y to the Ftitnilie& 

a. 
Nostrils linear and parallel to the edges or 
tomia of the upper mandible; bill not 
hooked. 
a. 
Head not crested, or if crested with the 
barbs of the feathers joined together. 
a". Tarsus rather short, generally shorter 
than the middle toe. (Tree-Pigeons.) 
a'". 
Soles very broad, each toe with 
the skin expanded on the sides; 
tail with 14 feathers (except in 
the genera Fhahotreron and Heiniphaga 
with 12, and in the subgenus 
Tlwracotreron with 1G); 
tarsus feathered more than half 
its length 1. Treronid®, p. :*. 

TREROXIJU:. 
7) 

V". Soles normal, not very broad; only 
the hind toe with the skin prominently 
expanded on the sides ; tail [p. 2U), 
with 12 feathers 2. Columbidse, * 

h". Tarsus equal or longer than the 
middle toe; tail-feathers from 12 [p. 372. 
to 20. (Ground-Pigeons.) 3. Peristeri&ae, 

//. Head crested, the feathers of the crest 
with the barbs separated; tarsus 
covered all over with small hexagonal 
scales : feathers of the tail 16 4. Gouridse, p. 019. 

h. 
Nostrils oblique; bill hooked, very high and 
toothed or serrated near the tip of the 
lower mandible, which is truncated ; tarsus 
longer than the middle toe, and very 
imperfectly scutellated ou the upper [p. (526. 
part 5. Didunciilidae, 
Family I. TRERONIJD.E. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

((. Bill rather thick; general plumage (except 
in Fliahotreron) mostly green, and 
generally a yellow band on the wings.. 1. I'IIEROKINJE, p. 3. 

h. 
Bill rather thin; no conspicuous yellow 
band on the wings at the tips of the 
greater upper wing-coverts. 
a'. Bill rather short, not very distensible 
at base; size small, rarely exceeding 
that of C. lima; plumage mostly 
green, but generally much variegated i p. 70. 
with patches of different^colours.... 2. PTILOPOBIXM, 

b\ 
Bill rather long, very distensible at 
base, and with a very short dertrum 
(except in Hemip/tar/a); size rather 
large, not inferior to that of C. 
Itvia; general plumage not much [p. 171. 
> ariegated 3. CARPOPIIA G1X/E, 

Subfamily I. TRERONIN.E. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. General plumage green ; tail-feathers 14. 
a'. Bill soft at the base; the rhamphotheca 
of the upper mandible not reaching the 
feathers of the forehead. 


a". 
Tail more or less wedge-shaped, with 
the central tail-feathers more or less 
acuminate, in some species much [p. \. 
longer than the lateral one? L SPHKNCX'ERCUS, 

is2 

 TRERONID.E. 

b". Tail almost even, or with the outer 
feathers very little shorter than the 
others ; third quill always scooped on 
the inner web. 


b"'. Tibial feathers conspicuously yellow. 

fl4. First three primaries not acuminate 
; forehead in some species 
more or less naked 2. YINAGO, p. 15. 

54. First three primaries more or less 
acuminate 3. CEOCOPUS, p. 26. 
c'". Tibial feathers greenish or whitish. 6. OSMOTRERON, p. 38. 
b'. Khamphotheca of the upper mandible 
reaching the feathers of the forehead. 
c". Third primary normal, not scooped 
about the middle of the inner web 4. BUTRERON, p. 32. 
d". Third primary deeply scooped about the 
middle of the inner web 5. TREROX, p. 33. 

b. General plumage chocolate-brown; tail of 
12 feathers, and much rounded 7. PHABOTREROX, p. 66. 
L SPHENOCEECUS. 
Type. 
Sphenurus, Sw. (nee Sphenura, Licht. 1823) Class. B. 

ii. p. 348 (1837) S. oxyurus. 
Sphenocercus, G. B. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 57 (1840) 
(=Sphenurus, Sw.). 
Rhombura, Glog. Gem. Sand- u. Hilfsb. d. Naturg. i. 


p. 360 (1842) S. oxyurus. 
Sphenaena, Bp. Ann. 8c. Nat. (4) i. p. 139 (1854). 
Sphenoena, Bp. Consp. Gen. Av. ii. p. 8 (1854). 
Sphenotreron, Bp. in litt.; id. Consp, Gen. Av. ii. p. 8 
(1854); id, Compt Be?zd. xxxix. p. 873 (1854). 

Range. From Northern India to Formosa and Japan, and through 
Burma, to Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Central tail-feathers long and acuminate; third 
• 
and fourth primaries broadened about the middle 
of the inner web; tail underneath with a broad 
grey band at the tip. 
a'. Central tail-feathers very long, narrow, and 
grey; gi*eater wing-coverts broadly edged 
with yellow apicicauda, p. 5. 

b'. Central tail-feathers broad, of a russet-colour, 
except at the base, which is grey; greater 
upper wing-coverts with no yellow edges 
whatever oxyurus, p. 7. 

b. Central tail-feathers not very long and not acuminate. 
c'. Under surface of the tail uniform light grey; 
third and fourth primaries very little broadened 
about the middle of the inner webs.... sphenurus, p. 8. 

1. SPHENOCERCUS, O 
cT. Under^ surface of the tail black, with a grey 
margin at the tip; third and fourth primaries 
sinuated about the middle of the inner 
webs. 

a". Middle of the abdomen decidedly yellow .. korthalsi, p. 11. 
b". Middle of the abdomen yellowish white. 
a"'. Tail above partly black. 
a4. Maroon colour of the shoulders of the 
male slightly washing the mantle.... sieboldi, p» 12. 

b% 

. Maroon colour of the shoulders of the 
male not extending on the mantle^ 
which is olive-green like the rest of 
the back; female like that of the preceding 
species sorarms, p. 13. 

b'". Tail above olive-green, with no black. 

c4. Smaller; wing 7*6 to 7*1 inches : 
crown of the male suffused with 
ochreous buff or orange colour formosce, p. 13. 

d4. Larger; wing 8-2 to 7*7 inches : 
crown of the male olive-green, with 
no ochreous-buff tinge permagnus, p. 14. 

1. Sphenocercus apicicauda. 
Vinago sphenura, Hodgs. (nee Vig.) Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 

(1844). 
Vinago apicauda, Hodgs. MS. 
Treron apicauda, G. R. Gr. List Gallium JB.M. p. 4 (1844) ; Blyth, 

J. A. S. B. xiv. 2, p. 854 (descr. princeps) (1845); Gray, Hodgs. Cat. 
M. $ B. p. 121 (1846) ; Blyth, Ann. $ Mag. N. H. xix. p. 50 (1847); 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849); id. List B. Brit. Mm. 
Oolumb»,p. 16 (1856) ; Wall. Lbis, 1865, pp. 374, 396; id. J.f. 0. 
1866, p. 276; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (1889). 
Sphenocercus apicauda, Blyth, Cat, B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 230, n. 1392 
(1849); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 224,, n. 9106 (1870> 

Sphenocercus apicaudus, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 8 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 873 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 9 (1855); id. Coup d'ozil 
Ordr. Pig. pp. 5, 54, n. 9 (1855); id. Leon. Pig. pi. 4 (1857) ; 
Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Coll. 2nd ed. p. 65 (1863) ; Jerd. B. oflnd. iii. 

p. 454 (1864); Blyth, Lbis, 1867, p. 148; Beav. Ibis, 1868, p. 373; 
Bulger, Ibis, 1869, p. 169 (Sikkim) ; Wald. in Blyths B. Burm. 
p. 144 (1875); Hume $ Davis. Str. Feath. vi. p. 415 (1878); 
Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 109 (1879), xi. p. 292 (1888) ; Hein. $ 
Rchmv. Nomencl. Mtis. Hein. Orn. p. 279 (1890). 
Sphenocercus phasianellus, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 82 (1854) (Himalaya) 
; Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 833 (1856) (descr. princeps); 
Blyth, Lbis, 1867, p. 148. 

Sphenocercus apicicauda,Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. Ill (1862); Oates, B. 
Brit. Burm. ii. p. 305 (1883); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) 

vii. p. 424 (1889). 
Treron phasianeUus, " Blyth,* Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 374; id. J. /. O. 
1866, p. 276. 
Treron apicicauda, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 649 (1877). 
r Sphenocercus korthalsi, Tiraut (nee Temm), Bull. Com. Ayr. et * 

Lnd. Cochinch. (3) i. p. 141, n. 251 (1879). 

Adah male. General plumage green, tinged with yellow on the 

(> ntEno>'iT) h. 

head *, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tiuderparts ; hind neck with 

a slight greyish tinge ; upper breast tinged vrith russet or rufous ; 

tibial feathers green edged vuth white ; under tail-coverts cinnamon, 

edged with buify white on the outer webs ; greater wing-coverts 

olive-green, broadly edged with yellow; tertiaries olive-yellowish, 

edged with yellow on the outer web*; priinuries and secondaries 

black, with narrow yellow edges : under surface of the wins: lead-

grey ; central tail-feathers very long and acuminate, ashy with the 

base green, the others ashy with a broad black band across the 

middle ; tail below black, with a broad apical grey band : *k legs 

bright crimson-pink ; bill pale blue ; iride*. inner ring bright ultra


marine-blue, outer ring pink" (Lett MM). Total length lb" inches, 

wing 6-(J, tail about 7, bill 0*7, tarsus, 0*93. 

Female. Similar to the male, but smaller, and has the breast 

green with no rufous tinge ; the under tail-coverts are of a cinnamon 

colour mixed with grey, and have the outer webs more extensively 

white. 

Both male and female have the inner webs of the third and fourth 

primaries broadened about the middle. 

Hah. Kumaon, Nepal, Assam, and Burmese countries as far as 

Tenasserim. 

a $ ad. sk. Kumaon (StraeJwy). India Museum r P. \ 

b, c. (S ad. sk. Nepal (ii. II. Ilotif/titm). India Muslim P.*1. 

d7 e. (S ad. sk. Nepal. I}. If. Hodgson^ Esq. 

T."\ 
/, g. d 2 ad. sk. Xepal. B. 1L Hodgson, Esq, 

T.] : {Types of 

species.) 

h-p. <$ ad. et imm. Native Sikldm, Jan., March, Hume Coll. 

sk. July (I. MathhUi). 

q-c'. S S ad. sk. Sikkini, Jan., 31 arch-June, Hume Coll. 

Sept., Dec. {L.Mandelli}. 

d'-h'. s 5 ad. sk. Darjeelirg. Hume Coll. 

V. <S ad. sk. Darjeelii g. Salvin-Godipau Coll. 
m'. O ad. sk. As&am (JICMlcDif/). India Museum. 
n'. $ ad. sk. iSuddja, April (J, C< tkhum). Hume Coll. 
o'-s'. <$ 2 ac*-&k Manipnr, Feb., April, Mav Hume Coll. 
(A.O.II).
*»'. J ? ad. Tomrhoo Ililk, March {It. G. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. W. EX 
w'. $ ad. sk. Tonghuo Hills. EVW. Gates, Esp 


x'. J ad. sk. Kollidoo. Feb. { W. DavihhH). IluiliP Coll. 
y'. <$ ad. sk. Sal ween District, Feb. ( W. 
IJaiimn). IIiinie Coll. 
»', a". <$ $ ad. sk. Mooleyit, Feb, (W. Damon). 
Hume Coll, 

* Blyth and Jerclon mention a russet tinge on the crown, which is wanting 
in all the specimens I have seen, and I cannot account for their statement. 
1. SPHENOCEKCUS. 
2. Sphenocercus oxynrus. 
Columba oxyura, Reimo. MS.; Temm. PL Col. 240 (livr. 41,1823); 
Desm. Diet. So. JSTat. xl. p. 865 (1826); Wagl. Sgst. Av. Oolumba, 
sp. 6 (1827) ; Leas. Tr. d'Orn. p. 475 (1881); Less. Compl. de 
Buff., Ois. viii. p. 2o (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 275 (1838) ; 
Prev. $ Xnip, Pig. ii. pi. 30 (1838). 

Treron oxyura, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 274 (1826); G. P. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 407, n. 13 (1844); Rchnb. JSt/n. Av. Columbarise, 
ff. 1352 (2 ), 1353 (cS) (1847); Schleq. De Diercnt. p. 211 (1864); 
Wall. Ibis, 1805, pp. 873, 874, 896; id. J.f.O. 1860, p. 276; 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Oolumbae, p. 02 (1873); Salvad. dec. Born. 

p.'28(5 (1874); Gleb. Tim. Orn. iii. p. 6o2 (1877); Rosenb. Malay. 
Arehip. p. 108 (1878); Vordenn. N. T. N. L xlv. p. 397 (1885), 
xlvi. p. 235 (1886); B'uttik. Not. Leyd. Mus. ix. p. 75 (1886); 
Pelz. LS* Lor. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 42 (1888) ; Tristr. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 45 (1889;. 
Vinago oxyura, Cuv. IVegne An. 2nd ed. i. p. 492 (1829); Selby, 
Natural. Libr., Pigeons, p. 98, pi. 2 (1835); Marti. Syst Verz. 
Brem. p. 98(1844). 

Sphenurus semitorquatus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 348 (1837). 
Sphenocercus oxyurns, G, It. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 57 (1840) ; Bp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 8 (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 878 (1854), 

xl. p. 216, n. 8 (1855) ; id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Piq. pp. 5, 54, n. 8 
(1855); Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 110, t. 248. if. 1352, 1353 (1862); 
Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 454 (1864); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 224, 
n. 9107 (1870); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 67 (1879); Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 243 (1879) (Sumatra); Nichols. Ibis, 1883, 
p. 255 (Sumatra) ; Vordenn. N. T. N. I. xlix. p. 412 (1889) j Sein. 
$ Rchuv. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Dm. p. 279 (1890); Harteri, Kat. 
Vogelsamml p. 191 (1891). 
Sphenocercus 
oxyura, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 280, n. 1393 
(1849). 

Adult male. Olive-green; a greyish band on the upper mantle ; 
an obsolete russet collar at the base of the neck; sides and under 
surface of the wing lead-colour; flanks with a yellow crescentic band 
joining the patch of the same colour on the middle of the abdomen; 
lower feathers of the flanks green with yellow edges ; tibial feathers 
green; longer under tail-coverts pale cinnamon, the basal ones 
green with yellow tips, and the median green with the outer webs 
yellow; upper wing-coverts olive green, uniform with the back; 
primary-coverts and quills slate-black, secondaries edged with leadcolour 
; inner secondaries or tertials olive-green on the outer webs, 
lead-colour on the inner ones; tail grey, with a broad black band 
in front of the apical grey band, the central feathers broad but 
acuminate and of russet-grey colour, pure grey at the base; tail 
underneath black, with a broad apical grey band; the russet colour 
of the central feathers shows through also below: "hides cobalt-
blue, with external ring of pink ; skin round the eye bright green ; 
upper mandible cobalt-blue, tip bright grcon ; legs bright scarlet" 

TREKOSIDJS. 

(II. 0. Forbes). Total length about 12 inches, wing 6*3, tail J%3? bill 
0-87, tarsus 0-9. 
Female (adult ?). Similar to the male, but apparently without the 
russet band across the crop-region. 
Young male. Wants the grey band on the upper mantle and the 
russet band across the crop-region; the under tail-coverts are 
mostly yellow, have some green on the inner webs, and scarcely 
any cinnamon tinge; the central tail-feathers are greenish grey 
with no russet tinge. (2Ius. Genoa.) 

This species, like£. ajricicauda, has the third and fourth primaries 

broadened about the middle of the inner web. 
Hah. Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. 
The locality Malacca rests on insufficient evidence. 

a. Ad. sk. Java. Gould Coll. 
b, c. d ad. et 2imm.sk.
d-h. Ad. sk. 
^ft» Sago. Sumatra, Sept. 
{C. Bock). 
Sumatra (C. Bock). 
Tweeddaie Coll. 
Tweeddaie ColL 
*. Ad. sk.
k. Skeleton* 
Sumatra (C. Bock). 
Java. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

3. Sphenocercus sphenurus. 
"Vinago sphenura, Vig. P. Z. S. 18.31, p. 173; Gould\ Cent. Ilimal. 

B, pi. 57 (1831). 
Vinago ? cantillans, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 166 (1843). 
Treron sphenura, G. B. Gr. List of Gattinte B. M. p. 4 (1844); id. 

Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 14 (1844); Blyth, J A. 8. B. xiv. % p. 853 
(1845) ; Rehnb. Syn. Av. Columbaria, f. 1355 (1847) (e.r Gould) ; 

G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mt/s. Columbse, p. 15 (1856): Wall. Ibis, 
1865?>p. 374; id. J.f 0. I860, p. 276; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 821 
(specim. alive); Schleg.Mus. P.~B. Columbse, p. €0 (1873) ; Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 464; Gitb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 652 (1877): Sclat. 
List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 445 (IbXJ); Prist r. Cat. Coll. B. p. 46 
(1889); Seeb. Birds Japan. Emp. p. 163 (leJK>). 
Ptilonopus turturoides, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Jlisc. p. b^ (1844). 
Ptilonopus macronotus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool Mibc. p. 85 (1&44). 
Treron cantillans, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. 2, p. b54 (1845) (cage 

variety); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 9 (1854); Rchnb. Tauben, l. p. Ill 
(1862); Tytler, Ibis, 18GB, p. 202 (Simla). 

Sphenocercus cantillans, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p 230, n. 1391 
(1849); Bp. Icon. Pig. pl. 5 (1857); Irby, Ibis, 1861f p. 233; 
Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 45. 

Sphenocercus sphenurus, 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 8 (1854); id. Compf. 
Mend, xxxix. p. 873 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 10 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 5, 54, n. 10 (1855); Behnb. Tauten, i. p. Ill, 

t. 243. f. 1355 (1862); G. B. Gr. Cat Hodgs. Coll. B. M. 2nd ed. 
p. m (1863); Jerd. B. oflnd. iil p. 453 (1864); Blyth, lbis,12k\7, 
p. 148; Beav. Ibis,I86&, p. 372; Feb. J.f. 0.1868, p. 36; Brooks, 
Ibis, 1869, p. 60 (Binsur); Bulger, Ms, 1869, p. 169; G. B. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 223, n. 9103 (1870); Hume $ Hmders. Lahore to 
Yark. p. 270 (1873) ;. Sousa, Mus. Kac. Lisb. Columbia, p. 6 (1873); 
Hume, Nests §-Eggs} iii. p. 494 (1875); id. Sir. Featk iii. p. 163 
1. SPHEyoCEKCTTS. 
(1876); Brooks, Str. Feath. iii. p. 255 (1875) ; Wald. in BlytKs 

B. Burm. p. 144 (1875); Hume § Davis. Str. Feath, vi. p. 415 
(1878); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 109 (1879) j Scully, Str. Feath. 
viii. p. 339 (1879); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 555 (1882); Oafes, 
B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 304 (1883) ; Marsh. Ibis, 1884, p. 421; Cordeaux, 
Ibis, 1888, p. 225 (Cashmere); Hume, Str. Feath. xi. p. 292 
(1888); Hein. § Bchnw. Aro?ne?icl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 279 (1890); 
Sharpe, Sc. Bes. Sec. Yark. Miss.,Aoes, p. 114 (1891). 
Sphenocercus minor. 
Brooks, Str. Feath. iii. p. 255 (1875); Hume, 
ibid, (note) (1875). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and lower plumage greenish yellow, the 
crown and breast washed with rufous; mantle greenish grey; back 
oliye-green washed with maroon; lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts olive-green ; sides grey, with the edges of the feathers 
green ; middle of the abdomen yellowish white; feathers of the 
ilanks dark green, with, broad yellowish-white edges ; longer under 
tail-coverts buff or pale cinereous, the basal ones green broadly tipped 
with, yellowish, white; smaller upper wing-coverts maroon, the 
median and the greater ones olive-green, the latter with narrow yellow 
edges; primaries and secondaries slate-black, with narrow yellow 
edges; tertials olive-green; wing underneath lead-grey; tail above 
olive-green, but the outer feathers more and more tinged with grey 
and with a subapical obsolete blackish band; tail below uniform 
grey : " legs, feet, and claws crimson-pink; bill dull smalt-blue, 
horny portion pale skimmed-milk-blue; orbital skin pale smalt; 
irides with an inner ring of pale bright blue and an outer ring of 
bufTy pink" {Davison). Total length 13 inches, wing 7, tail 6, 
bill 0-7, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Differs from the male in being of a darker green and in 
having no maroon on the wings and back, which are olive-green 
uniform with the rest of the upper parts; there is no rufous tinge 
on the crown and breast, and the longer under tail-coverts are 
yellowish, white centred with ashy olive-green. 

Hob. Kashmir, along the Himalayas and Burmese countries as 
far south as Mooleyit in Tenasscrim. 

a, b. <$ 2 ad. sk. 
£j d. S ad. sk. 
«»/. 6 2 ad.sk. 
g% . 2 ad. sk. 
h-n. cj § ad. sk, 
o, p, q. $ $ ad. 
sk. 
r-u. <$ $ ad. et 
Kashmir {Dr. BeHew). 
Agrore, May. 
Koteghur, March, April. 
Murree. 
Simla, July, Aug., Sept. 
(A. 0. II.). 
Simla, July to Sept. (B. 
C. Beavan). 
Dehra Dhoon, Jan. 
India Museum. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
$ imm. sk. 
v,w. c? 2 ad. sk. 
x. $ ad. sk. 
Naini Tal, Aug., Sept, 
Almorah, Juue. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
y. J imm. sk. 
z. 2ad.sk. 
a'. J ad. sk. 
Mu&sooree, Aug. 
Duralee, May. 
Bhagaratti Yallev,
(W. K Brooks)". 
Mav 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

1<> 

b'f c', d'. $ § ad. 
sk. 

p. $ juv. sk. 
/', Imni. sk. 
ff'-n'. c$ J ad. et 
imm. sk. et bt. 
#', #'. J ad. e* 
imm. sk. 


tj'-v'. <$ 2 ad. et 
imm. dc. 
w?', x'. S ad. s^


/-//'. $ $ ad. et 

imm. sk. 
i", lx". cT ad. bk. 
/", w'\ d* 5 acl. 


sk. 
w". o". d 2 ad. 
sk. 


y? #". c? ? ^. 

sk. 
;•". c? ad. hk. 
*s", J"7. cjf ad. sk. 

w". 2 ad.sk. 

J". d" ad. ^k. 

«'". cT ad.sk. 

y . c? ad. &k. 
y". $ ad. sk. 

s". 2 ad. sk. 

«3. 2 ad. sk. 
hz 

. $ imm. sk. 

c3. 2 ad. sk. 

cP. tf ad. sk. 

"V8. 6 2 ad.sk. 

#3, /i3. (5 ad. sk. 
i\ 2 ad. bk. 


IREROMTU:. 

Ktunauu {Ctqjt. btrachey). 

Kumaun, Oct. 
Iviimaoii. 
Nepal. 

Nepal. 

Nepal (B. H. Hodgson). 

Native Sikkim. J un^. Nov. 

{L.MrttuMHu 

Hikkim, Feb., June, Juh, 

Oct., Nov. (X. Mt/ndellij. 
Sikkim. 
Darjeeling*. 

Kalitimla, June (A. Atiderson), 


Bootan. 

A^aru. 
Shillon<r, July {J. Cadi-
bur n). 
JShillonn, May (A. W. 
Cheyinrfl). 
Dilkoushah, Caeliar (J. In


gli,). 
Manipur, Feb. {A. O. II). 
Karen Hillb, Auir. (It. Q. 

W. II). 
Karenuee, Felj. {It G. 
ir.ji). 

Pegu, Feb. 

Toughoo Di>trict, March 

Sal ween, Feb. ( IF. DaiiSO/
l). 
Ivollidoo, Feb. (IF. Davison). 
Kyouk-nyat, Feb. ( JF. Davison). 
Mooleyit, Jan., Feb, (W. 
Daoison). 

Var. cantillans (Blyth). 

No locality (A. Grate). 
Nepal. 


India Museum "J?.\ 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

15. H. Ilo<L>un. E=«|. 
"P.". 
13. II. Hudson, E-q. 
"P.". (Tvp^ of P. 
t urt^roid&>,llodis^.) 

India Miheum "IV. 

JEtiiue Coll. 

IIUUIH Coll. 

^alvin-Godmdii Cull. 
Jluuue Coll. 

fc^ehulnn Coll. 

Iiiditi MUS'UIJI "P.". 

Tw^Mal^Coll. 
Hume Cull. 

TwtM-ddalfCull. 

Hume Cull. 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

E. 
W. Oata*, E-ir(\\ 
E. h\V." Oate-, E-q. 
IIume Cull. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

IIlime Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

B. II. IIodirson,E>ff. 
1. srilKNOCERCUS. 
Jl 
4. Spkenocercus korthalsi. 
Columba sphenura, Knip § Prev. (nee Vig.) Pig. ii. pi. 49* 
Columba korthalsi, Temm. (ubi ?)fide G. P. Gr. List Galling B. M. 

p. 4 (1844). 
Treron 
korthalsi, G It Gr. List Gallium B. M. p. 4 (1844) ; id. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 10 (1844); id. List B. Brit. Mm. 
Columbia, p. 10 (1850) (Sumatra); Wall. Ibis, 1805, p. 374 
(Java); id. J. f. 0. 1800, p. 276; Sckleq. Mus. P.-B. Columbie, 

p. 60 (1873) (Java); Gieb. The*. Orn. iii. p. 031 (1877). 
Spkenocercus korthalsi, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 9 (1854) (Malasia, 
Sumatra); id. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 878 (1834), xl. p. 210. n. 11 
(1855); id. Coup d'cril Ordr. Pig. pp. 5, 54, n. 11 (18-55) ; 
Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. Il l (18(52), ii. p. 182, Kov. Suppl. t. v. f. 58 
(1862) (ex Knip); Jerd. B. of 'Ind. iii. p. 454 (1864) ; G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 224, n. 9105 (1870) ; Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 67 
(1879); ? Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 243 (1879) (Sumatra); 
Vorderm. X. T. X. I. xlix. p. 412 (1889), li. p. 400 
(1890): Hein. 8?llehiw. Xomenel. Mm. Hein. Orn. p. 279 (1890); 

JIartert, Eat. Vogelsumml. p. 191 (1891) 
Vinairo korthalsi, IS. Midi.} fide Scldeg. Mus. P.-B. Uolumbse, p. 60 
(l87o). 
Sphenocercus etorques, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 244 
(1879) (Sumatra); llchnw. $ Schal. J.f.O. 1882, p. 117. 

Adult male. Head, neck, and underparts green with a yellow 
tinge; mantle green with a slight grey tinge; back, scapulars, 
rump, and npper tail-coverts olive-green ; across the breast a rufous 
tirgo ; middle of the abdomen pure yellow ; flanks dark green, with 
the edges of the feathers yellow; tibial feathers dark green, fringed 
with yellow ; the longer under tail-coverts pale cinnamon, the 
shorter or basal ones dark green, with broad yellow edges; smaller 
upper wing-coverts maroon ; the median and the greater wing-
coverts olive-green; primaries and secondaries brown-black, narrowly 
margined with yellow; tertiaries, like the scapulars, dark 
olive-green; wings underneath dark lead-grey; tail above dark 
olive-green, the three or four outer feathers with a black subapical 
band, broader on the outermost one; tail underneath dark grey, 
nearly black, with the tips of the feathers grey: " iris dark (!) ; bill 
lead - colour; feet red" (Wallace). Total length 12*5 inches, 
wing 0*5, tail 5*5, bill 0*75, tarsus 0'8. (Mus. Genov.) 

Female. Similar to the male, but it wants the maroon colour on 
the upper wing-coverts, which are entirely olive-green, and the 
rufous tinge across the breast. 

The specimens in Beccari's collection from Mount Singalan, 
"W. Sumatra ($. etorques, Salvad.), were most probably not fully 
adult birds. 

Hah. Java and Sumatra. 

'x" In thih plate the rufous band on the breast ib too narrow, and the middle 
of the abdomen too white. 

12 TREKOXID-E. 
«; b. 8 $ ad. sk. et sk. Sumatra. Leyden Museum. 
c. <$ ad. sk. W. Java. A. B. Wallace, E&q. JJ.^ 
tf. £ imm. sk. W. Java (A P. Gould Coll. 
Ifff/Za^). 

5. Sphenocercus sieboldi. 
Columba 
sieboldii, Temm. PL Col pi. 349 (lhr. 93, 1835); Iw . 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. A Hi. p. 24 (LS37); 2V. op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 27o 
(1838); JT*M> # P/^tf. P//. ii pi. x. (18:38-43j; Blakist Ibis, 1802, 

p. 329. 
Treron sieboldii, G. P. G)\ Gen. B. ii. p. 4(57, n. 15 (1&44); id. List 
of GalUncB B. M p. 4 (1844}: Rehab. Sya. Ai\ Columbaria*, 

f. 1354 (1847); G. R. Gr. LLt B. Brit. Mm. Columte, p. 15 
(1850); Schley. De Dierent. p. 211 (1804); Wall P. Z. S. 1865, 
pp. 374, 396; id. J.f. 0.1866, p. 270; Ehces, P. Z. S. Ib73, p. 067 ; 
Schley. Mus. P.-B. Culumbas, p. 61 (pU (1&73); v. Mart Preuss. 
Exp. Ost-As., Zool Th. i. p. 370 (1870); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. iii. 
p. 652 (1877); Blakist $ Fryer, Ibis, 1878, p. 227 ; iicl Tr. As. 
Soc. Jap. viii. p. 205 (1880), x. p. 129 (1882); Blakist. Chrysantk. 
1882, p. 522, 1883, p. 28; id. Amend. List B. Jap. p. 44 (1884) ; 
Jouy,Pr. U.S.Nat. Mm. vi. p. 314 (18^3); fStejney. Pr. U.S. 
Nat. Mtts. ix. p. 039 (1887) ; id. Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. iv. p. 170 
(1887); id. Pr. U.S. Nat Mus. x. p. 4*17 (lfcb7); Seek. Ibis, 
1888, p. 236; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 40 (lfcte9); Seeb. B. Jap. 
Emp. p. 163 (1890). 
Columba (Vinago) sieboldi, Temm. # Schley. Faun. Jap.,Aves, p. 102, 

t. 60 D (1847). 
Sphenocercus 
sieboldi, Bp. Co7isp. AD. ii. p. 9 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 873 (1854), si. p. 210, n. 12 (1855) ; id. Coup 
dwil Ordr. Piy. pp. 5, 54, n. 12 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. Ill 

t. 243. £ 1354 (ex PL Col), t. 245. tf. 2591-92 (ex Fauna Jap.) 
(1862); Sivinh. Ibis, 1868, pp. 122, 311; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 223? n. 9104 (1870); Hein. § Rchmt. XomencL Mus. Hem. 
Orn. p. 279 (1890); Hariert, Eat. Voqehamml. p. 191 (1*91). 
Yinago sieboldi, Swinh. Ibis, 1863, pp. 209, 397; id. P. Z. S. 1*63, 

p. 338; Whitely, Ibis, 1807, p. 204; Elwts, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 051 ; 
Svnnh. ty Blakist. Ibis, 1875, p. 452. 
Similar to S. sphenurus, from wbicb it differs in having the tail 
less -wedge-shaped and much darker, nearly black underneath, with 
a narrow grey margin at the tip of the feathers; besides, the centre 
of the abdomen is much whiter, and both male and female have all 
the under tail-coverts yellowish white, centred with olive-green; 
the yellow edges of the greater wing-coverts and secondaries are 
broader but paler. 

Male. Head, neck, and breast greenish yellow, crown and breast 
washed with rufous, and smaller upper wing-coverts maroon, which 
colour slightly tinges also the back. Total length about 13 Inches, 
wing 7-3, tail 3*75, bill 0*76, tarsus 0-9. 

Female. Smaller than the male, greener on the head, neck, and 
breast, with no rufous tinge on the crown and breast, and with no 
maroon colour on the smaller upper wing-coverts and on the mantle. 

Hah. Japan. 

1. SPHENOCERCUS. J3 
a, b. d $ ad. sk. Japan. Leyclen Museum, 
et sk. 

c. d ad. sk. Japan. 0. Maries, Esq. [CI. 
d, ?if> d ? ad. sk. Nagasaki, Nov. F. Ringer, Esq. [0.]. 
9, h- 6 2 ad. sk. Nagasaki. Tweeddale Coll. 
i. $ ad. sk. Nagasaki. Gould Coll. 
&, I-6 $ ad. sk. Yokohama (Pryer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. d ? ad. sk. Yokohama, Feb., Nov. PI. E. Dresser, Esq. 
(Snow). [P.]. 

o. $ ad. sk. Ilakodadi, Oct. (II. Whitely). Tweeddale Coll. 
6. Sphenocercus sororius. 
Spkenocercus formosse d, Swinh. Ibis, 1806, p. 122 (nee Treron 
formosse, Ibis, 1863, p. 396). 

Sphenocercus sororius, Swinh. Ibis, 1866, pp. 311, 406; id. P. Z. S. 
1871, p. 396; Elwes, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 667 ; David % Oust Ois. 
Chine, p. 380 (1877). 

Treron ehoeroboatis, Swinh. Ibis, 1866, pp. 313, 406; G. P. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 222, n. 9085 (1870). 
Sphenocercus sonorius (errore), G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 224, 

n. 9109 (1870). 
Treron sieboldi, pt., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 61 (1873). 
Treron sonoria (errore), pt., Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 652 (1877). 
Treron sororius, Stejneg. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. p. 639(1887); Seeb. 
Ibis, 1888, p. 236. 
Treron sororia, Seeb. B. Jap. Emp. p. 163 (1890). 


Scarcely different from S. sieboldi. The male may be distinguished 
"by the colour of the mantle, which is green, with no maroon tinge 
whatever, and scarcely different from the lower back, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts. 

The female is very similar to that of 8, sieboldi. 
Hob. Formosa. 


a, b. d 2 a^-sk. Formosa, Feb. (P. Swinhoe). Seebohm Coll. 
(Types of species.) 
c-f. d ? ad. sk. Formosa, March, April (JR. Tweeddale Coll. 
Swinhoe). 

g. J ad. sk. Formosa, Bee. (P. Swinhoe). Hume Coll. 
h, i. d ad. sk. Formosa. B,. Swinhoe, Esq. 
LO.]. 

k, I d $ ad. sk. Formosa. Salvin-Godman CoU. 

7. Sphenocercus forxnosse. (Plate I.) 
Treron formosse, Swinh. Ibis, 1863, p. 396 (£); id. P. Z. S. 1863, 
p. 338; Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 374; id. J.f, 0.1866, p. 276; Swinh. 
Ibis, 1865, p. 540, 1866, p. 312 (d) 5 id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 396; 
Elwes, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 667; David § Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 379 
(1877); Stejneg. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. ix. p. 638 (l887). 
Sphenocercus formosse, Sioinh. Ibis, 1865, p. 678 ; G. P. Gr. Hand


list, ii. p. 224, n. 9108 (1870). 
Treron sonoria (err.), pt., Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 652 (1877). 
Treron formosae, pt., Seeb. Ibisy 1888, p. 235. 
Treron formosana, Seeb. B. Jap. Emp. p, 164 (1890). 

TRI:RONII)J\ 

Adult male. Olive-green, yellower on the face, throat, and breast; 
crown ochreous buff; upper mantle with a slight greyish tinge ; 
back olive-green with scarcely a tinge of maroon; middle of the 
abdomen yellowish white; feathers of the flanks green, with broad 
yellowish-whice edges on both webs; under tail-coverts yellowish 
white, centred with olive-green, the longer ones washed with pale 
buff ; shoulders or lesser wing-coverts maroon, extending faintly in 
a broken semicircle acrobS the back; median upper wing-eoverH 
olive-green ; quills black, secondaries and greater wing-coverts with 
narrow yellow margins; tertials- olive-green ; wings, underneath 
lead-colour: tail above uniform olive-green, below black, with a 
greyish narrow band at the tip : 4* bill, basal two thirds cobalt-blm1, 
apical pale, with a tin2:e of yellowish; bare fckin round the eye 
bluish grey ; iris comprising a bluish-grey ring round pupil, then a 
narrow black ring, then a pearl-grey ring, and lastly a broad black 

ring ; legs madder-pink, with pale yellowish soles andblacki^k-brown 
claws r (tiwinhoe). Total length 12*5 inches, wing 7*7, tail o, bill 
0*7, tarsus 1-1. 

Female. Olive-green, with no ochreous-bufl colour on the tipper 
part of the head, and no maroon colour on the shoulders or smaller 
upper wing-coverts. 

Hah. Formosa, in the mountains. 
d 5 a<^ sk"


a^h. Formosa, Ana., Oct. {It Seehnhm Coll. (T\p»*-> 
Mirinkoe), of vpeeies) 


c. <$ ad. sk. Formosa, Feb. It. Swinbof, Iwp <'. 
d, e* 6 2 <n(l-s^- Formosa, Feb., April (1L Tweeddale Coll. 
tiivinkoe). 


f. cf ad. <*k. Formosa, Feb. (It. Mwut- Hume Coll. 
hoe). 
;/. 2 ar^* ^ Formosa, Feb. (11. 8wi/i- Seebukm Coll. 

hie), 

8. Sphenocercus permagims. 
Treron sieboldi, Seeb. {nee T&m/ii.), Ibia, 3^7, p. 170 (Loo-chon 
Islands). 

Trerou perniajrna, Ktejney. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mir*, ix. ]>M>, p. 0:57 
(1887); icLZeitschr.f. r/e*. Orn. iv. p. 170 (lfc*7); i(L Pr. U.M. 
Nat Mus. x. p. 41 h (W>7); HtS>. B. Jap. £mp. p. U*4 (1M% 

Treron formosas, pt., Meek. Ibi% l^S, p."24') (Loo-choo I4and»). 

Adult male. Similar to #. formosfp^ but larger, and with no 
ochreous-buff tinge on the crown, and no maroon tinge whatever on 
the back; under tail-coverts yellowish white on the edges, without 
the least trace of buff. Wing from 8*2 to 7*7 inches. (Hethohm 
Coll.) 

Female. The female is very much like that of 8. fottuo$<t\ only 
larger and of darker olive-green colour. 
Hah. Loo-choo Islands. 

ft. [JJad.sk. Loo-choo Islands. IT. Fryer ~C.~\ 
h, Jad.sk. Okinaawa Shima, Loo-choo Islands, Se<*bohm Coll. 
Fob. (Hoist). 

2. 
TINA GO. 15 
2. 
VINAGO. m 
Type. 
Vinago, Cuv. Hk/n. An. i. p. 457 (1817) (=0olomb(irs, 
Levaill.); (cf. Simdev. K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. 1857, p. 55). V. waalia. 
Phalacrotreron, ity;. Consp, Av. ii. p. 6 (1854); zW, 
Compt Rend, xxxix. p. 872 (1854) V. delalandei. 
Range, Africa, from Senegambia on the west, and from Abyssinia 
on the east, to the Cape, and also Madagascar. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Chest bright yellow waalia, p. 15. 
b. 
Chest not bright yellow, bat olive-yellow or 
olive-grey. 
a'. No grey collar at the base of the hind neck; 
forehead feathered. 
a". Bill very thick and short; general olive-
grey colour very dark crassirostris, p. 17. 
b". Bill moderate; general olive-grey colour 
lighter; thighs bright yellow mottled with 
black aitstralis, p. 18. 

b'. A grey collar at the base of the hind neck. 

c". Tail grey, with a lighter grey apical band; 
forehead more or less naked, in some 
specimen* (very old males ?) the nudity 
extends so as to form a kind of frontal 
shield ealva * p. 20. 

d". Tail above olive-yellow like the back, with 
a whitish-green apical band. 
a'". Head, neck, and chest olive-yellow. 
uK Smaller; wing O'lo to 5-G5 inches: 
apical tail-band narrower ,.. . wahefeldi, p. 2'}. 
bl. Larger; wing 7*27 inches : apical tail-
band broader schalowi, p. 24. 

b"f. Head, neck, and chest ashy olive in the 
adult birds, tinged with yellowish in 
younger birds delalandei, p. !24. 

1. Vinago waalia. 
Waalia, Bruce, Trav. Abyss, v. p. 186. 
Columba wraalia, Gm. Bruce's lieisen TJebers. v. Culm, v. ii. Zusiitze, 

p. 31 (1791); id. TJeben. von Volhn.v. 5, pp. 188, 190, t. 38 
(1791); Meyer's Neueste ZooL JEntd. in Neu-Roll u, Afnka, 
p. 
128 (1793); Bechst. Lath. Ueb. iv. p. 387 (1811). 
Waalia 
Pigeon, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 269 (1802); Bechst 
Uebers. ii. p. 642(1794). 

* 
COLUMBA. PHASIANELLA, Lefevre (nee Temm.), Voy. Abyss, vii. p. 142 
(1845-50); HeugL J. f. 0. 1802, p. 306. 
An undescribecl ^oonrl applies of '• Colombar" from Abyssinia, possibly 

Vinago calm. 

rREROXlDX. 

Columba abysbinica, Lath. Lid. Orn. Suppl p. lx (1802); Temm. *V 
Knip, Pig. i. p. 131, pi. 9 (nee ? pi. 8) (1808-11) ; Temm. Hist. 
Xat. Pig. pp. tfo, 443 (1813); VieilL XOHD. Diet. xxvi. p. 393 
( J AM $>) (1818); id. Bne. Meth. p. 378, pi. 23S. f. 3 (lM>3); 
id. Gal. des Ois. i. p. 332, pi. 195 (l^oj ; i>$w. D*W. *S'r. 
Xat.xl.y. 308 (1826); I^s . 7r. r/'Or/L p. 470 (part.) (1831); 
Riipp. Xeue Wirbelth. p. 07 (1835-40); Simd. K. Sv. Vet.-Ak. 
Handl 1852, p. 55, n. 276; Hartm. J. f O. lh«3, p. 468, 1804, 

p. 228. 
Colombar a epaulettes violette*, Z<W//. Ois. d'Afr. vi. pi. 276 (1808). 
Viuao,o abvssinica, 6W\ i&y/?. An. i. p. 4-17 (1817); Stejjh. Gen. 
Zool. xi/l, p. Ill (1819); Sic. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 202 (1837); 
llartl. Must. Vers. Brem. p. OS (l£44); Riipj). Si/st. Uebers. 

p. 100, n. 300 (1845); :-Verr. Rn\ et May. Zool. 1851, p. 422 
(Gaboon). 
Coluinba humeralis. Wagl (nee Temm.) Syst. At. Columba, sp. 2 
(6 nee 2) (1827). 
Treron abvssinica, G. Ii. Gr. List Gallhue, p. 3 (1844); id. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 46?, n. 9 (1844); Rchib. Syn. AD. Columbaria, ff. 1345-40 
(1847); Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 126; Hartl Beitr. Om. 
W.-Afr. p. 37 (1852); id. J.f O. 1854, p. 205; G. R. Gr. Lift B. 
Brit. 'MILS. Columbai, p. 15 (1856); HartL Si/st. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 193 
(1857); Brehm, Habesck,^. 221, 370 (1803); Heugl J. f. O. 1804, 
p. 264 (var.); ? Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 255 (1807) ;*Schley. £ Poll. 
Rech. Faun. Madag. p. 117 (lb08); Blanf. Geol if Zool Abyss. 
p. 418 (1870); Heugl Peterm. Geogr. Miith. 1809, p. 415 ; Sctileg. 
Mus. P.-B. Oolumb'ie, p. 48 (1873) (Abyssinia and Sene<rambia !); 
Salv. Cat. B. Strickl Coll. p. 550 (1882); V Terbury, Ibis, 1886, 
p. 18 (Peninsula of Aden S). 
Phalacrotreron abyssinica, 
Bp. Consp. AD. ii. p. 7 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p."873 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 6 (1858); id. Coup cFoeil 
Ordr. Pig. pp. 4, 54, n. 0 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 108, ii. p. 181 
ft 1345-46 (1862): AnUn. Cat. p. 87 (1864); G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 224, n. 9115 (1870) ; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbae, 

p. 6 (1873). 
Geopelia humeralis, Heugl (nee Gould) Syst. Uebers. p. 49 (1856). 
Treron habessinica, Heugl J.f.O. 1802. p. 294. 
Treron waalia, Finsch § Hartl Tog. Ost-Afr. p. 533 (1870); Finsch 
$ Jesse, Tr. Zool Soc. vii. p. 288 (1870); Heugl Orn. X.O.-
Afr. i. 2, p. 817 (1871); Antin. ty Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. iv. 

p. 492 (1873); Heugl Orn. X.O.-Afr. ii. Xachtr.p. clxviii (1875); 
Hartl Abk. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. p. 117 (1881) (Lado); Sclat. $ 
Hartl. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 173 (Socotra); Shell Ibis, 1883, n. 265; 
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool xvii. p. 436 (1884); Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i.p.206 (1884); Shell. Ibis, 1885, p. 414 
(Somali-land) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 302 (1888); 
Hartert, Kat. Vogelmmml p. 191 (1891). 
Phalacrotreron waalia, Hem. <§• Rehnw. Xomencl Mus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 280 (1890). 
Adult male. Head, neck, and tipper breast ashy olive; back, 
rump, upper tail-coverts, scapulars, and innermost secondaries olive ; 
breast bright yellow; sides olive-grey; abdomen whitish buff; 
thighs buff, more or less tinged with yellow; under tail-coverts 
with broad white-buff edges, the centres of the smaller feathers 
being dark grey tinged with olive and of the longer ones chestnut; 

2 . 
VINA.GO. 
smaller and median wing-coverts, except the innermost olive ones, 

rich vinous ; remainder of the wings blackish brown ; outer median 

wing-coverts, the greater ones, and secondaries edged with yellow 

on their outer webs ; primaries with narrow yellowish edges on 

the outer webs; under surface of the wings and axillaries leaden 

grey; the under wing-coverts slightly tinged with green ; tail above 

with the basal two thirds of all but the two centre feathers slate-

black, and with a broad leaden-grey apical band, the centre feathers 

entirely leaden grey; tail underneath black, with a broad apical grey 

band: " iris blue, with an outer rim of salmon-pink" (Jesse), 

" white yellow" (Antinori), (i vinous red" (Bagazzi); " bill 

bluish grey, red at 
the base" (Jesse), "vinous red at the base" 

(Ragazzi); " legs and feet pinkish yellow " (Jesse). Total length 

about 12 inches, wing 6*JL0, tail 4-5, bill 0*62, tarsus 0*85. ^

Female. Like the male, but somewhat smaller. 

Hab. N.E. Africa, Somali-land, Socotra, and through the 

Equatorial Eegion to Senegambia *. 

a. Ad. sk. Africa. 
Sir E. Sabine [P.J. 
b. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. Hume Coll. 
c. d. 
$ $ ad. sk. Efat, Abyssinia, April India Museum [P.]. 
(Harris). 
e. Ad. sk. Abyssinia (Harris). India Museum [P.]. 
/. cS ad. sk. Near Rarayguddy, Senafe* "W. T. Blanford, Esq. 
Pass, Feb. [PA 
g* Ad. sk. Near Senafe', May ( W. Jesse). Tweeddale Coll. 

h. 
$ ad. sk. Rarayguddy, May (W. Tweeddale Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Bogos (Esler). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k, I, m. Ad. sk. Anseba R. (Esler). Shelley Coll. 
n. 
Ad. sk. Lado (Emin Pasha). Shelley Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Jur Gattas, Nov. E. BolmdorfF, Esq. 
[O.]. 
p-u. <$ $ ad. sk. Socotra, March (Balfour). Shelley Coll. 
v, w, x. 
(S J ad. Socotra, March (Balfour). British Association 
sk. [P.]. 

2. Vinago crassirostris. 
? Columba sylvestris species ex insula Sancti Thomse, Marcgr. Hist. 

Bras. p. 213. 
? Columba viridis insulse Sancti Thomce, Briss. Orn. i. p. 147 (1760). 
? Pigeon vert de File de Saint-Thomas, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. 

p. 528 (1771). 
? S. Thomas's Pigeon, Lath. Sgn. ii. 2, p. 631, n. 22 (1781). 
? Columba s. thomas, Qm. S. N. i. p. 778, n. 46 (1788); Zath. Ind. 
Orn. ii. p. 600, n. 24 (1790); Bonn. Enc. MSth. i. p. 230 (1790) ; 
Vieill. N D. xxvi. p. 392 (pt.) (1818); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, 
sp. releg. i. (1827); Strickl. Ann. fy Mag. N. H. xix. p. 44 (note) 
(1847) t ; A. $ E. Newt. Ibis, 1859, p. 374. 

* I have not seen specimens from Senegambia. 
f I have very little doubt that Strickland was right when he remarked (I. c.) 
that 
C. st. thomcB, Gin., is most probably the same as T. crassirostris, Fraser. 
VOL. XXI. 0 

TEEEONTDJE. 

Treron crassirostris, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 35; G. P. Gr. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 467, n. 11 (1844); Allen $ Thorns, Ftp. Niger, ii. pp. 42, 506 
(1848) (Kollas Isl.) ; Fraser, Zool Typ. pi. 60 (1849) (St. Thomas 
1861, p. 265 (Gaboon); Sclat. P. Z. & 1865, p. 871; JVjwafc <§« 

J3ar^. Fo<7. Osta/r. p. 536 (1870) ; Bocage, J. Sc. Lisb. xL p. 252 
(1887) (St. Thomas); Sousa,J. Se. Lisb. xi. p. 152 (1687); Bocage, 
ibid. p. 213 (1888). 

Phalacrotreron crassirostris, Bp. Omsp. Ac, ii. p. 6 (1854): id. Compf. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 873 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 3 (l«o): id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordr. Big. pp. 4, 54, n. 3 (1855) : Bp. Icon. Pig. pi. 2 tlSZT) : 
Pr/W. TVzwte*, i p. 107 (1802), ii. p. 181, t. 244. f. 24^7 : Suppl. 
pi. v. f. 53 (e* P^.) (1862): G. P. 6-V. Hand-list, ii. p. 224, n. 0114 
(1870). 

Treron abyssinica, Hartl. {nee Gm.) J.f O. 1861, p. 260 (St, Thome): 
Sousa, J. Se. Lisb. xii. pp. 151, 152 (18^). 
Treron nudirostris, pt., Schley. 3Ius. P.-B. Columbse, p. 47 (1873); 
Gi*b. Thes. Orn. id. p. 651 (1877). 

Treron calva, pt., Keulem. N. T. JD. iii. p. 307 (1866) (Holla branca) : 
Schleg. 8f Poll. Bech. Faun. Madag. p. 117 (1868) (S. Thomas, but 
not Prince Isl.); Shell. Ibis, 1>83, p. 267. 

Treron macrorhyncha (errore ?)9 Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th eel. 

p. 445 (1883). 
Adult male. Bill very thick and short; head, neck, and breast 
dark grey with an olive tinge; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and 
wings dark olive; lower abdomen, flanks, and tibial feathers yellow, 
the feathers of the flanks dark olive along the centre; upper wing-
coverts near the bend of the wing dark purple ; a pale yellow band 
at the tip of the greater wing-coverts ; primary-coverts and quills 
blackish, the latter wdth a narrow yellow edge ; tertials dark olive 
like the back; under wing-coverts and quills underneath lead-grey, 
the former with dark olive edges; tail dark grey, the central 
feathers tinged with olive towards the base of the edges, the lateral 
ones black about the middle; tail underneath black, with a broad 
grey apical band: " iris bluish white ; bill grey at the tip, dark red 
at the base; feet yellow*' (P. Newton). Total length about 12 
inches, wing 6-5^ tail 4, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*95. 

Hab. Islands of St. Thomas and Rollas, W . Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. St. Thomas Isl. (Capt. Zool. Soc. Coll. (Type of 
Thomson). specie?.) 
6. 6 ad, sk. St. Thomas Isl. (P. Newton). Prof. B. du Bocage [P.]. 

3. Vinago australis. 
Palumbus viridis madagascariensis, Briss. Orn, i. p. 142, pi. xiv. f. 2 
(1760). 

Oolumba 
australis, Linn. Mant. p. 523 (1771); Mull. Syst. Nat. 
Suppl. p. 131, n. 356 (1776); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii, p. 604, n. 41 
(1790); Bechst. Uebers. iv. p. 382 (1811); Shaw, Nat Mkc. pi. 709 
(1805); Temm. fy Knip, Pig. pi. 3 (1808); Temm. Hist Nat. 
Pig. pp. 43, 440 (1813); Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 390 (1818) ; Bum. 

2 . VIRAGO. 
19 

Diet. Sci. Nat xl. p. 365 (1826) ; Less. Tr. dn0rn. p. 475 (1831) 
id. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 274 (1837) ; id. op. clt. 2nd ed. 

p. 274 (1838); 'Verr. Cat Coll. Rivoli, p. 29 (1840); Cass. Pr. 
Philad. Acad. 1864, p. 248. 

Pigeon Ramier verd de Madagascar, DAubent. PL Enl. 111. 

Founingo, part., Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. p. 540 (1771). 

Madagascar Pigeon, var. A, Lath. Gen. Sun. ii. 2, p. 641 (1783): Bechst 

Uehers. ii. p. 611 (1794). 

Columba madagascariensis, var. /3, Gm. 8. N. i. 2, p. 779 (1788). 

Colombar a epaulettes violettes, feineile, LevailL Ois. d'Afr. vi. pi. 277 

(1808). J * 
Columba abyssinica, part., Temm. Hist. Nat. Pig. pp. 65, 443 (g) 
(1813); tieill N. B. xxvi. p. 393 (2) (1818); id. Erie. Meth. i. 

p. 378 (2) (1823); less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 476 (part.) (1831). 
Vinago australis, Cuv. Uegn. An. i. p. 457 (1817); Steph. Gen. Zool. 
xi. 1, p. 115 (1819); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 7 (1854); id. Compt 
Mend, xxxix. p. 873 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 7 (1855); id. Coup oVozil. 
Ordr. Pig. pp. 5, 54, n. 7 (1855); Hartl. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 161; id. 
Beitr. Faun. Madag. p. G5 (1861) ; Rclinb. Tauben, I p. 109, 
t. 240 b.ff. 3371-72 (1862) ; 8clat P. Z. S. 1863, p. 167; Roeh $ 
M Newt. Ibis, 1863, p. 167 ; F. Nexot. ibid. p. 454; Pollen, N T. 
JD. i. p. 318 (1863) ; Grand. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1867, p. 418; 
Soma, Mies. Nac. Lisb. Columbae, p. 6 (1873); Hartl. Fog. Madag. 
p. 259 (1877) ; Poll. Peck. Faun. Madag. i. pp. 144, 198, 201 
(1877); Milne-Fdw. fy Grand. Hist. Madag. xii. p. 470, pL cxc. 
f. 1, pis. exci., excii. (1855). 
Columba waalia, part., Vieill. Gal. des Ois. i. p. 332 ($) (1825). 
Treron australis, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 274 (1826); G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 8 (part.) (1844); Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbariae, 

p. 2, f. 1347 (1847); Hartl. Zeitschr.f. Zool Zoot u. Palmzool. i. 
p. 158 (1848); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849); Schleg. 
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 424; Poll, $ Schleg. Reck. Faun. Madag. p. 117 
(1868); G. R. Gr. Ha?id-list, ii. p. 224, n. 9110 (1870); Finsch $ 
Hartl. Tog. Ostafr. p. 535 (note) (1870); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. 
Columba p. 48 (1873); Bartl. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 67 ; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 650 (1877): Shell. Ibis, 1883, p. 267; Sibree, Ibis, 1891, 
p. 564. 
Columba hurneralis, pari, Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 2 (J ) 
(1827). 
Colombar vert, Sganz. Not. Madag. p. 39 (1840). 


Adult male. Head, neck, and breast yellowish green; rest of tbe 
upper parts olive, with a greyish cast on the back; sides grey; 
flanks dark olive, edged with primrose-yellow; tibial feathers 
primrose-yellow, tipped with blackish olive ; under tail-coverts cinnamon, 
broadly edged with whitish, the basal ones olive, edged 
with yellowish white ; smaller wing-coverts, near the bend of the 
wing, vinaceous purple ; on the wing an oblique pale yellow band 
formed by the tip of the greater wing-coverts; primary-coverts and 
quills hlackish, the latter with narrow yellowish outer edges; 
tertials olive like the back; under wing-coverts grey with a 
greenish cast; axillars and quills underneath grey; tail grey, 
central feathers uniform, the lateral ones black about the middle, 
with the outer edge grey, and with a broad grey apical band: u iris 
light blue; beak horn-colour, basal hall lake-pink; legs, feet, and 

c 2 

20 
TKEROSIDJE. 

claws yellow" (Newton). Total length 14*2 inches, wing 6-75, 
tail 4*3, culm en 0-55, tarsus 1*1. 
Female. Like the male. 
Young birds have the under tail-coverts more or less greenish 
in the centre. 
Bob. Madagascar. 


a. £ ad. sk. S.E. Madagascar. Shelley Coll. 
b. £ ad. sk. N.W. Madagascar. Tan Dam ~C.\ 
c. J ad. sk. Madagascar.- Purchased. 
4. Vinago calva. 
Columba 
calva, Temm. $ Knip, Pig. i. p. 35, pi. 7 (had) (1S08) 
(Loango or Angola); Temm. KhtNat. Pig. i. pp. 63, 44*2 (1813); 
F^7Z. N. D. xxvi. p. 390 (1818); id. JSnc. Meth. i. p. 378, pi. 238. 

f. 4 (1823); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 367 (1820); Wagl Syst. 
Av. Columba, sp. 3 (1827). 
Vinago calva, Steph. Gen. Zool xi. 1, p. 117 (1819); Cuv. Rk/n. An. 
(2nd ed.) i. p. 492 (1829). 
Treron calva, Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 273 (m26); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 467, n. 10 (1844) ; Rehnb. Si/n. Av. yovit Columbaria^ f. 3370 
(1851); HartL J f 0.1854, p. 205, 1835, p. 361 (Gold Coast); G. R. 
Gr. List B. Brit. Mas. Columbia, p. 14 (1850); HartL Syst Orn. 
W.-Afr. p. 192 (1857); id. J.f. 0.1861, p. 260 (BLssao); Keulem. 
N. 7\JD. iii. p. 396 (1866) (pt, Prince's Isl.); Dohrn, P. Z. S. 1866, 
p. 329 (Prince's Isl.); Socage, Jorn. 8c. Lish. 1867, n. ii. p. 144, 
n. v. p. 46 (1868) ; Schleg. £ Poll Reck Faun. Madag. p. 117 
(1868); Sharpe, Ibis, 1869, p. 194 (Fantee); id. P. Z. S. 1869, 
p. 570 (Angola), 1870, p. 147 (Angola) ; Finsch 8? HartL Vdg. Ost-
Afr. p. 539, note (1870); Shell $ Buckl Ibis, 1872, p. 290 (Gold 
Coast); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 639 : Sharpe, ibid. p. 715; 
Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 70 (Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Lagos); Garrod* 
P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 256,257; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 306 (Bulama', 
Bissagos Isl.); Rchnw. J f O.1874, p. 388 (Cameroon and Gaboon), 
1875, p. 48; Monteiro, Angola and Congo, ii. p. 169 (1875); Bocage, 
J.f. 0.1876, pp. 316,434; Rchnw. J. f. 0.1877, pp. 7,14 (Loansro) : 
Bocage, Jorn. Se. Lisb.Yii. p. 94 (1879) (Angola), viii. p. 68 (1880) 
(Caconda) ; id. Orn. Angola, p. 378 (1881): Sate. Cat. B. Strichl 
f Coll. p. 556 (1882); ? Sdat list Vert An. 8th ed. p. 445 (1883); 
G Shell Ibis, 1883, p. 261 (part.) ; Rochebr. Faun. Seneg. p. 263 (1884) 

1 
(Senegambia) ; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool xvii. p. 436 (1884) 
(Equatorial Africa); Harteri, J.f. 0.1886, p. 604 (Niger Region); 
HartL Zool Jahrb. ii. p. 329 (1886) (Equatorial E. Africa); Bocage, 

J. Sc. Lisb. xi. p. 252 (1887); Rchnw. J.f O.1887, pp. 50 (KageM), 
302 (Congo); Sotisa, J Sc. Lisb. xii. p. 43 (Prince's Isl.), pp. 101, 
227 (Angola) (1887-88); Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 45 (1889) (Cape 
Coast Castle); Rchnw. J. f. O.1890, p. 109 (Cameroon); Hartert, 
Kat Vogelsamml p. 191 (1891); Rchnw. J. f. O. 1891, p. 373 
(Togoland), 1892, p. 15 (Victoria Xjansa), p. 179 (Cameroon). 
Vinago nudirostris, Sw. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 205 (with kg. of the beak) 
(1837) (Senegal); HartL Nachtr. Syst Verz. p. 16, n. 173 (1846) ; 
Gord. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 12 (Cape Coast Castle); Verr. Rev. et 
Mag. de Zool 1851, p. 421 (Gaboon); Cass. Pr. Ac. PMlad. 1859, 

p. 143. 
2, VIRAGO. 

21 

Vinago austraJis, Jard. fy Selb. (nee Linn.). III. Orn. pi. 81 ("bad) 
(1825-43). 
Treron australis, part., G. B. Gr. List Spec. B. Brit Mus. Grallinoe, 

p. 3, spec, c (1844) j id. Gen. B. ii. p. 407, n. 8 (part.) (1844); 
Marti, (neeLinn.) J.f 0.1854, p. 504 (Gambia, Cape Coast Castle); 
? Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 255 (1867). 
Treron nudirostria, Rchnb. Syn. Av. Novit. Columbaria, f. 2486 (nee 
It*. 1349-40) (1851); Hartl. Syst. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 192 (1857); 
Marti. $ Mont. P. Z. S. 18(30, p. 112 (Angola); Marti. J. f. 0. 
1861, p. 266 (Gamma and Ogowe liivers); ? Meugl. J. f 0. 1862. 

p. 294 (N.E. Afr.); ? Marti P. Z. S. 1863, p. 106 (Kazeh, E. Afr.); 
Sharpefy Bouv. Bull. Soc. ZooL France, 1867, p. 52 ^Chinchoxo); 
Cab. v. d. Deck. Beis. iii. p. 42 (1869) (iMombas); FinschtyMarti. 
Yog. Ost-Afr. p. 537 (part.) (1870) (Mombas) j Bocage, J. Be. Lisb. 
1870, p. 349 ; Meugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 831 (1871) (Mombas); 
G. Ii. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 224, n. 9113 (1870); Meugl. Orn. N.O.-
Afr. i. 2, p. &2 (1871), n. INachtr. p. 168 (part; (1875); Socage, J. 
Sc. Lisb. 1876, p. 255; id. J.f. 0.1876, p. 316; Oust. Nouu.Arck 
Mus. (2) ii. p. 114 (1879) (Ogowe); Marti. Abh. not. Ver. Brem. 
yii. p. J17 (1881) (N.E. Afr.); Bohm, J.f. 0. 1882, p. 199 (Centr. 
Afr.), 1883, p. 199 ; Bohm # Schal. J.f. 0.1886, pp. 416,4^0,423; 
MaUchie, J. f. 0.1887, p. 146; Schal. J. f. 0.1887, p.228 j Bchuo. 
J.f. 0.1892, p. 16. 
Phalacrotreron calva, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 6 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 
xl. p. 216, n. 4 (1855); id. Coup cCceil Ordre Big. p. 54, n. 4 
(1855) ; id. Icon. Pig. pi. 3 (head) (1857); Behnb. Tauben, i. p. 107 
t. 240 b. f. 3370, t. *42. f. 1347 (ex Jard. $ Selby), ii. p. 181, t. v. 
f. 51 (ex Bp.) (1862); G. B. Gr. Mand-list, ii. p. 224, n. 9111 (1870); 
Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 5 (1873) (Angola) j Mein. ty 
Bchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Mein. Orn. p. 280 (1890). 
Phalacrotreron nudirostris, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 7 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 873 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 5 (1855) ; id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 4, 54, n. 5 (1855) ; id. Icon. Pig. pi. 3. f. B 
(1857); Cass. Br. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1859, p. 143, n. 188; id. 

J. f O. 1860, p. 196; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 107, t. 244, f. 2486 
(1862), ii. p. 181, Suppl. t. v. f. 51 (ex Bp.) (1862); G. B. G)\ 
Mand-list, ii. p. 224, n. 9113 (1870); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbae, 
p. 5 (1873) (Bissao, Casamance, Angola); Oust. Bull. Soc. 
Philom. (7) i. p. 106 (1877). 
Vinago pytiriopsis, Verr. MS. ?, unde 
Phalacrotreron pytiriopsis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 873 (1854). 
Treron nudifrons, Meugl. MS. in Mus. Stuttg. (Slave Coast); Bocage, 


J Sc. Lisb. ii. p. 144 (1867); id. J.f O. 1876, p. 316. 
Treron calvus, Bchnw. J.f.O. 1874, p. 388 (Oameroons, Gaboon); 
Shell. P. Z. S. 1888, p. 45 (Tomaja, Equatorial Africa). 
Treron wakefieldi, Shell, (nee Sharpe) P. Z. S. 1885, p. 229 (Kilimanjaro). 
Treron calva, vari^te* d'Angola, Bocage, J. Sc. Lisb. xi. p, 253 (1887). 

Adult male. Porehead naked, in some specimens very extensively, 
and apparently swollen into a large knob; head, neck, and underpaits 
olive-green, more or less yellowish; a broad leaden-grey collar at 
the base of the hind neck, more or less conspicuous; rest of the 
upper parts olive; feathers of the flanks olive, edged with yellowish 
white; middle of the abdomen pale yellow; tibial feathers bri-"1. 

22 TRFE0ISTII>J3. 

yellow ; under tail-coverts cinnamon, with pale buff edges, the 

smaller ones partly olive, edged with whitish : a patch near the bend 

of the wings vinous purple ; primary-coverts and quills black, the 

latter with narrow yellow edges ; greater wine-coverts and second


aries with broader yellow edges ; tertials olive like the back: under 

wing-coverts lead-grey with a greenish wash; quills underneath 

lead-grey ; tail grey, the lateral feathers with a broad paler apical 

band, more or less distinct; tail underneath black, with a broad 

apical grey band : " iris blue, surrounded by a red rim ; bill bluish 

grey, with the basal portion red ; feet yellowish flesh-colour" 

(Shelley), or " orange-yellow" ( W. A. Forhe*). Total length about 

10*5 inches, wing 6'6 to 6*1, tail 3*7, bill from gape 0-9, tarsus 0*9. 

Young (and female ?). The naked place on the forehead less ex


tended ; the grey collar at the base of the hind neck less distinct, 

and the longer under tail-coverts reddish buff, greyish green along 

the central part. 

Hah. Western Africa from Bissao to Angola and through Equa


torial Africa to East Africa, as far south as Zambesi. 

I have not been able to find differences between Sierra Leone and 

Angola birds ; those from Central Africa (Bohuhrff) and from Kili


manjaro are brighter, having the head, neck, and both under and 

upper parts yellower, and the grey band at the apical portion of the 

tail lighter. 

a, b. Ad. sk. W. Africa. Purchased. 

e. Ad. st Sir E. Sabine. 
d. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone (Br. Clark). Shelley Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone. Tweed'dale Coll. 
f\ g. Ad. sk. Ashanti. Gutild Coll. 
X Ad. sk. Ashanti. G. Lagclen, Esq. "P. 
?. Ad. sk. Gape Coast. Tweeddale Coll/ 
k. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Sir A. Moloney "P. 
/. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Col. Straehan "™P?. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Gold Coast. Gov. Lusher ~0."\. 
o, p, g. Ad. sk. Gold Coast (Aithinn). Shelley Coll." 
r. Ad. sk. Denkera (Ussher). Shelfcv Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. Elbromah, June { Ussher). Shelley Coll. 
t. Ad.sk. Accra (Buckley). Shelley Coll. 
u. Ad. sk. Ekraful, Fantee, May, II. F/Blissett, E»q, 
[P.]. 
v,io. Ad.etpull.sk . K. Niger. Dr. Baikie [C]. 
?:. $ acl. sk. Shonga. V . A. Forbes, Esq. 

[p.]. 

y. Ad. sk. Calabar R. Purcbased. 
z. J ad. sk. Rio del Key, Cameroons (II. Shelley Coll 
JET. Johnston). 
a'. Ad. sk. Gaboon. Purchased. 
b'. Ad. sk. Gaboon (JDu Chailht\ Tweeddale Coll. 
c'. Ad. sk. Gaboon (JDu Chaillu). Skt'llev Coll. 
d'. Ad. sk. Gaboon (Walker). ShelW Coll. 
e'. Juv. sk. Gaboon. 11. T. Ansel], Esq. 

[P.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. R. Ogowe. 11. T. Ansell, Esq. 
[P.]. 

2 . VINAG0. 
23 
g\ $ ad. fck. Prince's Is., March. Prof. Barboza du Bo


cago [P.], 
//. $ ad. sk. Katenbella, Dec. (Said). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i\ Ad. sk. Angola (Monteiro). Sliarpe Coll. 
k'. Ad. sk. Ambriz, Dec. (Monteiro). Sliarpe Coll. 

V. (S ad. sk. Tomaja, E. Equatorial Eniin Pasha [P.]. 
Africa, Aug. 
m\ n'. Ad. sk. Niam Niam Country, Oct., E. Bohndorff [P.]. 
Dec. 
o', p'. tf ad. sk. Kilimanjaro (E. E. Johnston). Shelley Coll. 
?',/. $ ad. sk. Kilimanjaro. H.H.Johnston, Esq. 

[C.]. 
/ . Skeleton. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t\ Skeleton. Gaboon. Eyton Coll. 

5. Vinago wakefieldi. 
? Treron nudirostris, Earth (nee Sw.) P. Z. S. 1863, p. 106 (Kazeh, 
E. Africa) ; Bohm, J. f 0. 1832, p. 199 (Kakomo, Konko, 
C. Africa). 
Treron abyssinica, Kirk (nee Lath,), Ibis, 1864, p. 329 (Zambesi). 
Treron wakefieldi, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 715, pi. 58. f. 2 (Mombas) j 
Fischer $ JRchmo. J.f 0. 1879, pp. 291, 339 (Engatana); Gum. 
Ibis, 1881, p. 128; Shell P. Z. S. 1881, p. 595 (Lamo and Pangani); 
id. Ibis, 1883, p. 269; Sehalow, J. f. 0. 1883, p. 342 (Konko, 
TJgogo) ; Sharpej Layartfs B. S. Afr. p. 557 (part.) (1884); Fischer, 

J.f. 0. 1885; p. 118 ; Bocage, J. Sc. Lisb. xi, p. 253 (1887) ; Shell. 
Ibis, 1888, p. 303 (Tangani, E. Africa); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 46 
(1889); Shea. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 369 (Duruma). 
? Treron delalandei, Fischer, J.f. 0. 1885, p. 118 (part. ?). 

• Adult Very similar to V. calva, which it resembles in size, 
nudity of the forehead, grey collar at the base of the hind neck, 
vinaceous and yellow on the wings, and in the under tail-coverts ; 
but differs in the head, neck, and chest being yellower, in the olive 
parts of the back and wings being also yellower, and in the tail 
being above olive-yellow instead of grey, and ending in a broad 
greenish-white terminal bar: " iris with an inner ring pale blue, 
and an outer one vinous red" (Bohm), " or silky white " (Fischer); 
" bill white, with the basal half orange " (Bohm), " or bluish white, 
with the basal half to the nostrils vermilion " (Fischer)• " feet purple-
red" (Bohm). Total length about 9-6 inches, wing 6*15 to 5*65, 
tail 3-5 to 3-1, culmen 0-8, tarsus 0*9 to 0*85. 
Obs. The greenish-yellow colouring of the upper surface of the 
tail is in this species the best marked character for its separation from 
the grey-tailed V. calva. 

Hab. E. Africa, from Mombas to the Zambesi. 

a-d. Ad. et imm. Mombas (Wakefield). Sharpe Coll. (Types 
sk. of species.) 

e. Ad. sk. Mombas (Wakefield). Shelley Coll 
f. 
Ad. sk. Mombas. Rev. H. F. Buxton 
[P.]. 
g. Ad. sk. Mombas. 
Guraey Coll. 
24 
TRERONID^E. 

I 

h. 
<$ ad. sk. Lamu, Aug. E. J. Jackson, Esq. 
[P.] 
i. Ad. sk. Lamu (Kirk), Shelley Coll. 
k. 
Ad. sk. Usambara Mountains, Pan- Shelley Coll. 
gam E. (Kirk). 
I. S 
ad. sk. Duruma, Aug. H. C. Y. Hunter, Esq. 
Lp0 
m, n. Ad. sk. Zambesi. 
Br. Bradshaw LC._. 

6. Vinago schalowi. 
Phalacrotreron calva, Gum. (nee Temm.) in Anderss. Damaraland, 
p. 230 (1872) (Ondonga). 
Treron schalowi, Rchmo. Orn. Central!. 1880, p. 108 (Diamond 
Fields, S. Africa!; Rchnw. § SchaL J. f. 0. 1880. p. 208 ; Schahw, 
Mitth. d. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 196; id. J.f.O. 1884, p. 232. 


Treron wakeiieldi, Sharpe, LayanYs B. S. Afr. p. 557 (part.. Matabele-
land) (1884). 
Treron delalandei, part., Tristr. Cat. Coll I?, p. 45 (Ondonga) (1880). 


Similar to V. walcefieldi, from which it differs in the much larger 
size, duller, almost indistinct grey neck-band, more olive-green back, 
scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts, and "broader yellowish-white 
band at the tip of the tail. " Length of the wing 185 mm. ( = 7"27 
inches), tail 111 mm.(=4-32), bill 24 mm. ( = 0'94) n (Relehenow). 

I find only 6-2 to 6*9 inches for the wing, and 0*80 to 0-b5 for 
the culmen of the bill. 
Hah. Erom Diamond Pields to Matabele-land, and across to 
Ondonga, S. Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. Matabele-land (F. Oates). W. E. & C. (*. Oates. 
Esqrs. [PA 
b. <$ ad. sk. Ondonga, Ovampo-land Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Andersson). 
c. d, e. Ad. sk. Ondonga, Ovampo-land Tweeddale Coll. 
(Andersso?i), 
7. Vinago delalandei. 
Treron australis, part., G. R. Gr. (nee Linn.) List Spec. B. Brit, Mm. 
Gallinse, p. 3, specim. a, b (1844). 


Vinago calva, Verr. (nee Temm.) Rev. ei Mag. de Zool. 18-51, p. 423 ; 
Jard. Fdinh. New Rhil. Journ. n. s. iL p. 240 (1855) ; Bianc. Spec. 
Zool. Mosamh. fasc. xvi. p. 400 (1865). 


Treron nudirostris, LichL (nee Sic.) Noyne?icL Av. p. 82 (ISM), 

Phalacrotreron delalandii, Bp. Consp. Av. iL p. 6 (18-54) (Port 
Natal) j id. Co?npt. Rend, xxxix. p. 872 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 2 
(1855); id. Coup d'czil Ordr. Rig. pp. 4, 54, n. 2 (1855); id. 
Icon. Rig. pi. 1 (1857) : Rchnb. fauben, pp. 100,181 ; Nov. Suppl 
t v. f. 59 (1862); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 224, n. 9112 (1870); 
? Sousa, Mies. Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 5 (1873) (Afr. occid ! Afr. 
austr.); Ay res, Ibis, 1880, p. 109 (Transvaal); Hem. fy Rchmo. 
Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 280 (1890). 


Treron 
delalandii, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Oolunibae, p. 14 
(1856); Gum. Ibis, 1862, p. 33 (Natal); Mat. P. Z. S. 1862 


p. 12, 1864, p. 113 (Uzaramo, E. Africa)-Marti. f>. Z. 8 
2 . YISTAGO. 
1867, p. 82 (Zanzibar); layard, B. S. Afr. p. 255 (1807); 
Gum. Ibis, 1868, p. 164; Poll. # &•/*%. JKecA. J<W. Madag. 

p. 117 (1808); Kersten, v. d. Deckeiis'lleis. i. p. 60 (I860); 
- 
Finsch § IlartL Vog. Ostafr. p. 535 (1870); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-
Afr. I 2, p. 822 (1871); Schleq. Mus. P.-B. Columbce, p. 49 
(1873); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. Nachtr. p. 168 (1875); Shell. 
Ibis, 1875, p. 83 (Pinetown); Gieb. Thes. Orn. in. p. 651 (1877) ; 
Nichols. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 359 (Darra-Sakm); Fisch. # Mchmc. 
J.f. 0. 1878, pp. 250, 293 (Mombasa); Shelley, P.Z.S. 1881, 
p. 595; Salv. Cat. B. Striate. Coll. p. 556 (1882) ; Holub £ Felz. 
Beitr. Orn. Siidafr. p. 171 (1882) ; Shell. Ibis, 1882, p. 358, 1883, 
p. 270; Sharpe, Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 558 (1884); Fischer, 
Zeitschr. f ges. Orn. 1884, p. 376; ? id. J. f. 0. 1885, p. 118 
(Zanzibar, Mombasa, Maumi, Aruscha); Ayres, Ibis, 1885, p. 345 
(Transvaal); Fchnw. J.f. 0. 1887, p. 50 (Simiu River); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (part.) (1889) (Transvaal) ; Rchnw. J. f O. 
1889, p. 269 (E. Afr.); Har/ert, Eat. Vogelsamml. p. 192 (1892) ; 
Shell. Ibis, 1893, p. 28 (Zoniba). 
Adult male. Head, neck, and underparts greyish, green; below 

the hind neck a broad grey collar; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, 

and wings olive-yellow; centre of the abdomen and tibial feathers 

bright yellow; feathers of the flanks olive along the centre, and 

broadly edged with white; under tail-coverts chestnut, broadly 

edged with whitish, the basal ones olive edged with white ; smaller 

wing-coverts near the bend of the wing vinaceous ; primary-coverts 

and quills black, the primaries with narrow yellow edges, secondaries 

and greater wing-coverts with broader yellow edges, tertials olive7 

yellow like the back; under wing-coverts and quills beneath lead-

grey; tail above olive-yellow, with the apical third pale whitish 

olive; tail below black, with the apical band whitish grey; " iris 

light blue, whitish towards the pupil; basal half of bill crimson, 

the remainder light slate-colour; tarsi and feet vermilion" {Ayres). 

Total length about 12 inches, wing 7, tail 4-6, bill 0-8, tarsus 0'9. 

Female. Rather smaller, and has the under tail-coverts olive, 

broadly edged with whitish, and with very little cinnamon in the 

centre. 

Young. Similar to the female, but the vinaceous colour near the 

bend of the wing less extended. 

Bab. Eastern and Southern Africa, from Mombasa to Kaffraria, 

and inland as far as the Nyassa. 

a. Ad. sk. S. Africa. 
M. Verreaux. 
b. Ad. sk. S. Africa. 
Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Cape Colony. Earl of Derby [P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Major Trevelyan 
e. Ad. sk. Natal (Ayres). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Durban (Gordge). Shelley Coll. 
V> h. <5 $ ad. sk. Unilaas, Durban (Gordge). Shelley Coll. 
i, k. <$ ad. sk. Pinetown, June, Aug. (Ayres). Shelley Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Transvaal. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. S ad. sk. Rustenburg, June, Aug. Gurney Coll. 


(Ayres). 

2 6 
TBERONIDJE. 

o. Ad. sk. Zambesi (Meller). Tweeddale Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Zambesi. 
Sir J. Kirk [P. j . 
q. Ad. sk. Shupanga (Kirk). Livingstone Exped. 
r, s, t. A 9 ad. sk. Zomba, Nvassa, Au<r., Sept. H. H. Johnston, 
Esq., O.B. ;pr. 

u. 
Ad. sk. Milangi, jSyassa, Xov. ' H. H. Johnston, 
° Esq., C.B. [P.]. 
v. Ad. sk. Dai'-es-Salaam (Buxton). Shelley Coll. 
w, x. Ad. sk. Mamboio {Kirk). Shelley Coll. 
?/. Ad. sk. Ugogo {KM). Shellev Coll. 
3. 
CEOCOPUS. « 
Type. 
Crocopus, Bp. Consp. AD. ii. p. 11 (1854) ; id. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 874 (1854) C. phoenicopteru^. 
Range. India, Burmese countries, Cochin China, and Ceylon. 

Kay to the Species. 

a. Tail with a well-defined yellow-green band at 
the base. 
a'. Green band at the base of the tail above 
not strongly contrasting* with the greenish 
upper tail-coverts ; front part of the crown 
with very little green phoenieopterus, p. 26. 

b'. Green band at the base of the tail contrasting 
strongly both with grey tip and with 
the grey upper tail-coverts viridifrom, p. 28. 


b. Tail generally plain grey above, with no green, 
or scarcely any, at the base; underparts 
yellowish green : very little green, or scarcely 
any, on the forehead * chlorogasier, p. 30. 
1. Crocopns phcenicopterus. 
Purple-shouldered Pigeon, Lath. Syn. SuppL p. 201, n. 60 j3 (17^7). 

Columba phcenicoptera, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 597, n. 13 (1790); 
Bonn. Enc. MMk. p. 244 (1790; ; Tieilh N. D. xxvi. p. 391 
(1818); Wagl. Syst Av. Columba, sp. 1 (part.) (1827). 

Columba 
militaris, pari, Te?mn. Pig. pi. 1 {nee pi. 2) (1808); id. 
Kid. Nat Pig. i. pp. 39, 139 (part.) (1813); Desm. Diet. Se. Naf. 

xl. p. 363 (part.) (1826); Less. Tr. <?Orn. p. 476 (1831); id. CompL 
de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 17 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 273 (1838). 
Columba militaris, var. C, Temm. Hist. Nat. Pig. i. p. 140 (1813). 
Columba s. thorns, part., Vieill N. D. xxvi. p. 392 (1818). 
Vinago militaris, part., Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 1, p. 109 (1819); Cia\ 

Regn. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 492 (part) (1829); Frank!. P. Z. S. 1831, 

p. 122 j Vig. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 173; Gould, Cent.Himal B. pi. 58 
(1831); Karth Syst. Verz. Brem. p. 98 (1844). 
Treron militaris, part., Step)h. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 274 (1826). 
Columba hardwiekii, Gray in Griff. An. Kingd. viii. with pi, 

(1829). 

3 . CROCOPUS. 
Treron st. thorn®, G. R. Gr. (nee Gm.) List of Gallince B. M. p. 2 

(1844); id. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 2 (part.) (1844); id. Cat. Hodgs. 

Coll B. M. p. 421 (1846) j Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbaria,tf. 1343-44 

(1847). 

Vinago phoenicoptera, StrickL Ann. fy Mag. N. H. xiii. p. 38 (1844). 

Treron phoenicoptera, Strickl. Ann. §• Mag. K H. xiv. p. 116 (1844); 

Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. xiv. 2, p. 849 (1845); id. Ann. $ Maq. N. 

H. xix. p. 45 (1847); id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 229, n. 1884 
(1849); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849); Adams, P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 497, 1859, p. 188 (Cashmere & Ladak); Blyth, P. Z. S. 
1803, p. 371; Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Coll. B. M. 2nd ed. p. 66 (1863); 
Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 375; id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 277; ? Blanf. Ibis, 
1870, p. 469 (Ava)j Schley, Mus. P.-B. Columke, p. 45 (part.) 
(1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 652 (part.) (1877) j JSalv. Cat B. 
StrickL Coll. p, 5m (1882); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 445 
(1883); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 46 (1889); Hartert, Kat. Vogelsamml 
p. 191 (1891). 
Treron nudirostris, Rchnb. (nee Sw.) Syn. Av. Columbarise, f. 1349 
(1847). J 

Crocopus phoenicopterus, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 11 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 874 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 19 (1855) ; id. Coup 
oVml Or dr. Pig. pp. 5, 54, n. 19 (1855); Rehnh. Tauben, i. 

p. 106, t. 242. f. 1349 (1862), ii. p. 181, t. 242. ff. 1343-44 (ex 
Gould)', Novit. Suppl. t. iv. f. 48 (ex Knip) (1862); Jerd. B. 
Ind. iii. p. 447 (1864); Beavan, P. Z. S. 1864, p 376; Blyth, 
Ibis, 1867, p. 147; Beav. Ibis, 1868, p. 370 ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 
ii. p. 222, n. 9088(1870); Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, pp. 399, 400, 414; 
Adam, Str. Feath. i. p. 390 (1873); Elwes, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 674; 
Blanf. Ibis, 1874, pp. 91, 92; Hume, Nests $ Eggs, iii. p. 491 
(1875); Ball, Str. Feath. ii. p. 433 (1874); Hume, Sir. Feath. iv. 
p. 2 (1876), viii. p. 109 (1879); Hem. 8f Rchnw. Nomencl. Mus. 
Hein. Orn. p. 279 (1890;. 
Treron phoenicopterus, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Colimiba3, 

p. 13 (1856). 
Crocopus 
phoenicoptera, Sousa, Mus. 2?ac, Lisb. Colurnbae, p. 6 
(1873). 

Adult male. Forehead, lores, and throat greenish; top of the 
head, occiput, and ear-coverts ash-grey; neck all round and upper 
breast yellow-green; a narrow grey band across the upper part of 
the mantle; rest of the mantle, lower back, scapulars, innermost 
smaller wing-coverts and tertiaries olive-green; upper tail-coverts 
tinged with grey; lower breast, abdomen, sides, and axillaries light 
grey; feathers of the flanks grey, darker towards the apical portion 
and edged with grey; tibial feathers bright yellow; under tail-coverts 
chestnut with broad whitish edges at the tip ; smaller upper wing-
coverts near the bend of the wing dull purple ; greater wing-coverts 
margined with pale yellow, forming an oblique bar across the wing ; 
quills brown-black, with narrow pale yellow edges; under surface of 
the wings lead-grey, the under wing-coverts with a slight greenish 
tinge on the edges ; tail above grey, more or less tinged with olive-
yellow at the base; tail underneath black, with a broad grey apical 
band, occupying about two fifths of its length : " bill whitish; feet 
deep yellow; irides carmine, with an outer circle of smalt-blue " 

TREE0XIDJ2. 

(Jerdon). Total length about 12*5 inches, wing 7*5, tail 4*75, 
bill 0-76, tarsus 0-95. 

Female. Similar to the male, but the purple tinge near the bend 
of the wing very slightly marked, and the under tail-coverts of a 
slate-grey in the middle, more or less mixed with chestnut. 

Hob. Bengal and the country up to the Himalayas, westward to 
the Jumna; also in Central and Xorth-western Provinces and 
Oudh; straggler in the eastern portion of the Punjab and Eajpootana. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
d, e. Ad. sk. 
/, g. Ad. sk. 
h, i. $ ad. sk. 
Jc. Ad. sk. 

I. J ad. ak. 
m. 2 a(l-s^« 
n. $ ad. sk. 
o, p. S $ ad. sk. 
q t. Ad. sk. et st. 
v-x. Ad. sk. 
!/,z,a\ Ad. bk. 
b'-ti. (S $ ad. sk. 

i\ Ad* sk. 
k\ $ ad. sk. 


V. Ad. sk. 
m'. $ ad. sk. 
n\ o'. Ad. sk. 
p'. Ad. sk. 
q'. J ad.sk. 
Kumaon. 
Kumaon (Griffith). 
Dehra Dkoon. 
Dehra Dhoon. 
Orryah. 
Siwalik (Dr. Scott). 
Etawah. 
Futtehgurh, Oct. (A. Anderson). 


Bajapore} Xov. (A. Anderson), 

Hajupur, April. 
Nepal, Nov. (J. Scully). 
Nepal. 


Nepal (B. H. Hodgson). 
Sikkim. 
Bhotan Doars, Jan., Feb. 


(L. Mandelli). 
Assam (II. Godwin-Austen). 
N. Khasia Hills (A. W. Chennell). 
Cachar (J. Inglis), 
Faridpur, April (J. JR. Cripps). 
Dacca. 
Calcutta. 
Saugor, Jan. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
India Museum. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

H. 
Seebuhm, Esq. 
£?•-• 
II. Seebohm, E^o. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

E. II. Hodgson, E»sq. 
?•}• 

India Museum [?.__ 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
India Mu-eum. 
Hume Coll. 


2. 
Crocopus viridifroiis. 
Treron viridifrons, 
Myth, J. A. S. B. adv. 2, p. 849 (184-5) (Tenasserim); 
id. Ann. # Mag. X. H. six. p. 45 (1847); G. JR. Gr. Gen. 

B. App. p. 23 (1849); Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 228, n. 1383 
(1849J; id. J. A. SB. xxiv. p. 479 (1855) ; Waff. Ibis, 1865, 
p. 875 ; id. J.f. 0.18G0, p. 247 ; Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 469; Godwin-
Aust. J. A. S. B. xxxix. p. Il l (1870); Tristn Cat, Coll B. p. 46 
(1889). 
Crocopus 
viridifrons, Bp. Comp. AD. ii. p. 11 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 874 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 20 (1855); id. Coup 
cTceil Or dr. Big. pp. 5, 54, n. 20 (1855); id. Icon. Pig. pi. 9 
(1857); RcTrnb. Tauben, i. p. 106 (1862); Jerd. B. Lid. iii. p. 449 
(1864); Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 147; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 222, 

n. 9089 (1870); Mwes, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 662 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 
ii. 
p. 481 (1874), iii. p. 161 (1875); Blyth $ Wald. B. Burm. 
p. 143 (1875): Godwin-Aust. J. A. S. B. xliv. p. 83 (1876); 
Wardl Rams. JObis, 1877, p. 455 j Oates, Str. Feath. v. p. 163 
3 . CR0C0FUS. 
29 

(1877); Anders. Yumi. Exped. p. 604 (1878); Hume § Davis. Str. 
Featk vi.y. 410 (1878); Hume, Str. Featk viii. p. 109 (1879); 
Tiraut, Bull. Com. Agr. ei Bid. Cochinck (3) i. p. 140, n. 245 (1879) 
(Oochinchine); Bingk Str. Featk ix. p. 194 (1880); Hume tying-lis, 
Str. Featk ix. p. 257 (1880); Oates, Str. Featk x. p. 235 (1882); 
id. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 307 (1883); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

(2) iv. p. 610 (1887); Hume, Str. Featk xi. p. 290 (1888); W. L. 
Sclat. Ik's, 1892, p. 86 (type). 
Treron phoenicoptera, Schomb. (nee Lath.) Ibis, 1864, p. 249 (Siam) ; 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columb», p. 45 (part.) (1873); Qieb. Thes. 

iii. p. 652 (1877). 
Similar to C. phoenicopterus, but is distinguished by having the 
green of the head more extended on the crown and the grey of the 
head more reduced ; the green band at the base of the tail above 
better defined and contrasting strongly both with grey tip and with 
grey upper tail-coverts: " legs and feet bright chrome-yellow; bill 
light bluish or greenish, tinged strongly on cere, gape, and base of 
lower mandible with green; irides with an inner ring of bright 
blue and an outer ring of buffy pink; one female has the irides 
deep crimson-lake, with an inner ring of bright blue" (Hume). 
Length 13 to 13*5 inches, wing 7'25 to 7'6, tail 4-3 to 4-8, buTO'76, 
tarsus 0*9 to 1*1. 

Female, Like the male, only a little smaller. 
Hah. Burmese countries, to Cachar on the north, to Cochin China * 
on the east, and Moulmein on the south. 

a. Ad. sk. Burma. 
Hume Coll. 
b. J ad. sk. Upper Burma, Jan. Dr. J. Anderson [O.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Ava. 
W. T. Blanford, Esq. 
[P.]. 
d-g. <S ? ad. sk. Pegu, Feb. (R W, Oates). Hume Coll. 
h,i $ Jad.sk. Lower Pegu, Feb. E. W. Oates, Esq. 

IP*]


h-n. Ad. sk. Thayetmyo. Hume Coll. 
o-.s. S 2 ad. sk. Tonghoo, Jan., Feb., Nov. Tweeddale Coll. 
(JR. G. W. Ft.) 
t-w. S ? ad. sk. Pahpoon, Jan. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll. 

x. 
<$ ad. sk. Sittang River, Feb. (W.Davi- Hume Coll. 
son). 
y,z. <$ ad. sk. That one, Dec, Jan. (W.Davi- Hume Coll. 
son). 
a' $ ad. sk. Thatone, Dec. ( W. Davison). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b'. J ad. sk. Tham Zaik, Dec. (W. Davi- Hume Coll. 

son), 
o', d'. S § ad. sk. Myawadee, Jan. (W. Davi- Hume Coll. 
son), 
e'. 61 ad. sk. Attaran R., Dec. (W. Davi- Hume Coll. 
son). 
/'. $ ad. sk. "Koulmem,T)ec.( W.Davison). Hume Coll. 

* Mr. Oates has given Cochin China as a locality inhabited by C. wridifrons, 
but I must say that, although I have included among the specimens of 
this species one from Cochin China, it looks very much like Q. phxnicopterus. 
3 0 TREROKIDJB. 
q\ Ad. sk. Rangoon. H. Seebohm, Esq. 
y [P.]. 
K. Ad. sk Cochin China, Nov. M. E. Pierre C-l


3. Crocopns chlorogaster. 
Columba militaris §, 2Wra. Pi>. pi. 2 (180S); 2& Hist. Xat Pig. 

i. pp. 39, 139 (part.) (1813); Besm. Diet. Sc. Xat xl. p. 3(53 
(part.) (182(5). 
Columba phoenicoptera $, Tieill X. D. xx\L p. 391 (ISIS); Wagl. 
Sysi. Ar. Columba, sp. 1 (part.) (1827). 
Columba s. thomse ?, Yieill. {nee Gm.) X. D. xxvi. p. 392 (1818). 
Yinago militaris 2? Stepk. Gen. Zool. xi. 1, p. 109 (lblO): Cut. 

Regn. A?i. 2nd ed. i. p. 492 (part.) (1829;; Jtrd. (nee Temm.) 
Madr. Joam. xii. p. 12, n. 286 {1840). 

Yinago chlorisraster, Blyth. J. A. S. xii. 1* p. 167, note (1843); 
Strichl Ann. <$• Maq. X. H. xiii. p. 205 (1844) ; .%#*, ,*W # 
Mag. X. H. xiv. p. 116 (1844). 

Treron jerdoni, SticM. Ann. 4* Mag. X. H. xiii. p. 38 (1844); G. It 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 5 (3844). 
Treron chlorigaster, Strichl. Ann. $ Mag. X. II. xiii. p. 205 (18441, 

xiv. p. 116 (note) (1844): Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 850 (1845) ; 
?#. u4w«. $* Mag. X. R. xix. p, 45 (1.^47): id."Cat. B. Mm. 
A. S. B. p. 229, n. 1383 (^49) ; Kelaart, Prudromus, Cat. p. 130 
(1852) ; Bayard, Amu § Mar/. X. II xiv. p. 57 (1854 h if art L 
J. f. 0.1854, p. 158 ; G. JR. Gr. list B. Brit. Mm. p. 14 (lboi\); 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 46 (1873) ; Salv. Out B. StrickL 
Coll. p. 656 (1882). 
Yinago jerdoni, Haril Erst. Xachtr, Verz. p. 16, n. 175 (1^46). 

Treron chlorogaster, G.R. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849); Irk/, 
Ibis, 1861, p. 233 (Oudh); Wall. Ibis, I860, p. 375; id. Xf. O. 
1866, p. 277 ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 650 (1877). 

Crocopus 
chlorogaster, Bp. Cunsp. Av. ii. p. 12 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 874 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 21 (1835); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 5, 54, n. 21 (1^55) ; Rchnb.. Tauten, L p. 100 
(1862), ii. p. 181, Xoiit. Suppl. t. iv. f. 4 {ex Knip) (VbiYI); G. JR. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 223, n. 9090 (1820); Ilokhtr. P. Z. S. 1*72, 

p. 465; Adam, Str. Feath. i. p. 390 (1873) ; Sicinh. $ Barnes, 
Ibis, 1885, p. 130. 
Crocopus chlorigaster, Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 448 (1864) ; Bcdl, Str. 
Feath. ii. p. 423 (1874); Hume, Xe«ts fy JEgqs, iii. p. 492 (1875); 
Butl Str. Feath. iv. p. 2 (1876); Hume, ibid.; FairL Str. Feath. 

iv. p. 261 (1876), v. p. 408 (1877); Ball, Str. Feath. vii. p. 224 
(1878); Hume, Str. Feath. Tin. p. 109 (1879); Legge, B. CevL 
p. 722 (1880); W. L. Sclat Ibis, 1&J2, p. 3Q (type). 
Treron chlorogastra, Tristr. Cat. Call B. p. 45 (1889). 
Adult male. Similar to C. pTupnicojAents, but the crown almost 
wholly grey, very slightly tinged with greenish on the forehead; 
nnderparts light yellowish green ; tail above grey, with no yellow-
green tinge at the base, or with scarcely a trace of it. 

Female. Similar to the male, but the purple tinge near the bend 
of the wing very slightly marked, and the under tail-coverts of a 
grey colour in the middle, more or less mixed with chestnut. 

Hob. Peninsula of India, as far north as Nepal, and also Ceylon. 

3. 
CEOCOPUS.
a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. $ ad. sk. 
£ Ad. sk. 
e. <$ ad. sk. 
/. $ ad. sk. 

g. $ ad. sk. 
h. <$ ad. sk. 
i, k. S ad. sk. 
l-w. S ? ad. sk. 
x,y. $ ad. sk. 

z1 a'. Ad. sk. 
b', c\ d'. Ad. sk. 
e'. $ ad. sk. 

f,g\ti. Ad. sk. 
eVe'. <? Jad.sk. 

T. c? ad. sk. 
m', n', o\ Ad. sk. 
y . c? ad. sk. 
q\r'ysr. Jad.sk. 

t'. (S ad. sk. 

v!. <$ ad. sk. 

v'j w\ 6 ad. sk. 

#') y'-6 2 ad. sk. 
%\ Ad. sk. 

a". 2 a(i« s^. 

5". c£ ad. sk. 

c". c? ad. sk. 

d"-h". Ad.sk. 

i". Ad. sk. 

It'. 2 ad. sk. 

I". (5 ad. sk. 

m". Ad. sk. 

w". 2 ad. sk. 

o'\p". Ad. sk. 

q'-t". Ad. sk. 

w", v". Ad. sk. 

?0",a?". Jad.sk. 

y". 2 ad. sk. 

a", a\ Ad. sk. et 
sk. 
b\ Ad. sk. 

India. 
Nepal. 
Jacobabad, Feb. 
Kattiawar, April. 
Alimedabad, Feb. 


Oodypur, Feb. 
Sambhur, Dec. (22. M. Adam). 
Erinpoora, Dec. (G. Ring). 
Delhi, April (C. T. Bingham). 
Gurgaon Disk, March to May 


(W. N. Chill), 
Gurgaon 
Dist., June (W. N. 
Chill). 

Agra. 
Etawah. 
Sarun Disk, March (22. M. 


Adam). 

Orryah. 
Allahabad, Jan. {A. 0. II.). 
Allyghur, Nov. 


N. W. India. 
Futtebghur, Nov. (A. Anderson). 
Futtebghur, Oct. (A. Anderson). 
Rajapore, Nov. (A. Anderson). 


Sultanpur, Oudh, Dec. 
Behar. 


Saugor, Jan., Feb. 
Saugor {Hooper). 
Mundla, May (JR. Thompson). 
Depalpur, Dec. 
Satpura Hills, Feb. 
Maunbhoom, Jan., Feb., Mar. 


(22. C. Beavan). 
Maunbhoom (22. C. Beavan). 
Singbhum, Dec. 
Godavery Valley, Jan. 
S.E. Berar, Jan" 
S.E. Berar, Jan. 
Khandeish. 
Kbandeish. 
Matterhan, Nov. (8. B. Fair-
bank). 
Khandala, April, May (8. B. 
Fairbank). 
Ahmednug'ger, Dec. (8. B. 
Fairbank). 

Madras. 

Madras. 

Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Capt. H. Lloyd [P."|. 


H. 
Seebohm, Esq. 
[p.]. 
Hume Coil. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Home Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Capt. Stackhouse 


Pinwill [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 


H. 
Seebohm, Esq. 
[p.]. 
H. Seebohm, Esq. 
[p.]. 
Hume Coll. 

B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
LP.]. 
Hume Coll. 
India Museum [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Col. Swinhoe [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


W. T. Blanford, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
India Museum |"P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll 
Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Rev. H. II. Baber 
[P.]. 
Dr.T.C.Jerdon[P.], 

32 TREBO:NTIDJ£. 

c*,d\ e3. Ad. sk. Mysore. Tweeddale Coll. 
f\ Ad. sk. Mysore ? Hume Coll. 
g3. (S ad. sk. Segore, Feb. Hume Coll. 
h\ Ad. sk. Malabar. Tweeddale Coll. 
i\kK Ad. sk. Malabar. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I3. Ad. sk. Malabar. Mrs. Spinks JP.]. 

4. BUTEERON. T 
Type. 
Butreron, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 9 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 873 (1854) B. capellei. 
Range. The same as that of the only species. 

1. Butreron capellei. 
Columba capellei, Temm. PL Col. 143 (HIT. 24,1823) (Java); Besm. 
Diet 8c. Sat. xl. p. 364 (1826J; WagL Si/st. Av. Columba, sp. 5 
(1827); Prev. f Snip, Pig. ii. p. 69, pi. 38 (1838-43). 

Treron capellei, Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. 1, p. 275, pi. 32 (1826) ; G. 

R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 12 {1844); Blt/tk, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 848 
(1845); Strickl. P. Z. S. 1840, p. 105 (Malacca); Rchnb. Syn. Av. 
ff. 1350-51 (1847) ; BltfK Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 22^, ii. 13^2 
(1849); G. R. Gr. LiM B. Brit. Mus. Columba*, p. 33 (1856): 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 18G3, p. 221 (Borneo); Wall. Ibis, 1863, p. 81*; 
Schleq. De Dierent. fig. p. 211 (1864); Pelz. Sovara Reis., JTiy. 
pp. 105, 162 (18(55) ; Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 377; id. J.f.O. 1866, 
p. 277; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbia, p. 58 (1873); Salvad. Ucc. 
Bom. p. 285 (1874); Briiggem. Abh. nat. Ver. Brem. v. pp. 461, 
529 (1877) : Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 23 ; Rosenb. Malay. Arckip. 
p. 108 (1878); Becc. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 4o3 (1878) ; 
Hume, Sir. Feafh. viii. p. 67 (1879) (Malacca, Jonore); Sharpe, 
Ibis, 1879, p. 265 ; jfrto. Jdw, 1881, p. 525 (Malacca) ; Salv. Cat 
B. Strickl. Coll. p. 556 (1882): Vorderm. S. T. S. I xlii. p. 91 
(1882) ; Bias. J.f O. 1884, p. 215: Vorderm. S. T. S. I. xhi. 
p. 235 (1886); Pelz. § Lor. Ann. Saturh. Sofmus. iii. p. 40 
(1888) ; Everett, J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 1889, p. 196; Tristr. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 45 (1889) : Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp.'133, 283. 
Vinago capellei, Cur. Regn. An. i. p. 492 (1829). 
Vinago gigantea, Vig. App. Mem. Raffles, p. 674 (1831) (Sumatra). 
Columba capella, Less. Tr. oVOrn. p. 475 (1831). 
Treron magnirostris, Strickl. Ann. 4' Mag. S. S. 1844, p. 115: id. 


P. Z. S. 1846, p. 105. 
Butreron capellii, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 9 (1854^; id. Conpt. Rend. 
xxxix. p. 873 (1854), xl p. 216, n. 13 (1855): id. Coup d>oeil 
Ordre Pig. pp. 5, 54, n. 13 (1855); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 464 
(Pinang); Rchrib. Tauben, I p. 110, t. 243, ff. 1350-51 (1862), ii. 
p. 182 (1862); G.R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. f.22B, n. 9102 (1870); 
Sousa, Mus. Sac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 6 (1873); Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, 
p. 321 (Sumatra); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 242 (1879); 
Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 6o ; Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc., Zool. xxi. 
p. 152 (1887) (Mergui Archip.) ; Hartert, J. f O. 1889, p. 377 • 
Vorderm. N. T. N. I. xlix. p. 412 (1889), li. p. 242 (1891); 
Hein. fy Rchmo. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 279 (1890); Hartert, 
Kat. Vogelsamml p. 191 (1891). 

f). XRER03T. 
33 

Columba gigantea, Baffl.fule G. E, Gr. List B. Brit. Mm, Columba^ 

p. 13, vi syn. T. capellei (1850). 
"Toria 
capellei, Blyth'1 (errore), Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 404, in 
syn. B. capellei. 

Adult male. Olive with a greyish tinge, decidedly greyer on the 

forehead, yellowish on the throat and on the lower breast; upper 

breast yellowish chestnut, bordered on the sides with pure chestnut; 

under tail-coverts chestnut, the shortest ones with broad buff edges ; 

quills slate-black, the smaller upper wing-coverts, except the an


terior ones, olive; the median and greater wing-covetts and the 

inner secondaries with broad yellow edges on the outer webs; under 

surface of the wings slate-grey ; tail above olive, the lateral feathers 

with a grey apical band, about half an inch broad; the three outer 

tail-feathers slate-grey; tail underneath black, with a grey apical 

band: ml bill greenish white, base olive-green; iris dark ash (or 

golden-yellow, Hartert); orbits slightly bare yellow-tinged; feet 

chrome-yellow" {Wallace). Total length 13 inches, wing 7*6, tail 

5-2, bill 0-82, tarsus 0-86. 

Adult female. Similar to the male, but has no chestnut colour 

on the upper breast, which is tinged with yellowish olive; the 

under tail-coverts are greenish grey, broadly edged with buffy 

white. 

According to Schlegel, Javan specimens have the bill less 
robust. 
Bah. Mergui Archipelago, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo", 
and Java. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Penang (Catitor). India Museum. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Penan g. 
Gould Coll. 
c-f. $ ad. sk. Selangore, April, July, and Aug. Hume Coll. 

(W. Davison). 
g~s. S $ ad. et Klang, Feb .-April (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
juv. sk. 

t. '$ ad. sk. Malacca. Hume Coll. 
u-d'. <$ $ ad. Foot of Gunnong* Pulai, Johore, Hume Coll. 
sk. March (W. Davison). 
e'-i'. <$ ad. sk. Johore, Aug. ( W. Damson). Hume Coll. 
&',/'.d?ad.&k. Sumatra. Wallace Coll. 
m', ri. <S J ad. Sumatra {A. It. Wallace). Tweedclale Coll. 

sk. 
o'. $ ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (E. C. Tweeddale Coll. 

Buxton). 
p'. d ad. sk. ?N.E. Borneo. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q'. 2 ad. &k. Labium. Sir H. Low [C.l. 
r'. 9. ad. sk. Lawas River (Burbidye). PI. Veitch, Esq. [_C.]. 

5. TREEON. m 
Type. 
Treron, Vieill. Analyse, p. 49 (1816) T. curvirostra. 
Thoria, Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 1G3 (1836) T. nipalensis. 
Romeris, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. x. 1, p. 28 (1841) 

(=Thoria), 
VOL. XXI. D 

34 
TEEE0XIDJ3. 

Rhamphotreron, Heine, Xomencl. JIus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 279 (1390) (=Tlioria). 
Range. Prom Eastern Bengal and Xepal to the Indo-Mala}* 
Archipelago. 

Kty to the Sjjecies. 

a. 
Grey colour of the cap darker, and covering also 
the upper part of the cheeks ; underparts greener, nipaleasis, p. 34. 
b. 
Grey colour of the cap lighter, especially towards 
the forehead, and nut covering any part uf the 
cheeks j underparts yellower nasica, p. 37. 
1. Treron nipalensis *. 
Columba eurvirostra, Baffl. Ti\ Linn, Sue. xiii. 2} p. .318 (1^22) 
(Sumatra). 

Toria nipalen^K Hodgs. As. I2e9. xiv. p. 104, pi. ix. fix of the heal 
and foot (1636); G. B. Gr. Hand-list. ii p. 222, in OOtsO 11^70); 
Blyth, B. Burm. p. 14:3 (1875). 

Columba arouiatica, S. Mull, (ntc Gin.) Verh. Land- en Yvllenls. p #9o 
(1839-44). 

Treron aromatica, pari, G. B. Gr. Gt*n. B. ii. p. 407, n. 1 (1S4I); 
zVZ. (nee Gm.) Cat. Hodys. Coll B. 31 p. 121 (1^40)j Giib. Then. 
Orn. iii. p. 649 (1S77). 

Treron 
nipalensis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. 2, p. h47 (1^45); id. Ann. 
Sf Mag. X II xix. p. 44 (lb47) ; G. IL Gr. Gm. B. App. p. 2:5 
(1849) j 2?fytf, CV/t ^. Jii/A A. tf. ii. p. 22t> (1849!; ///>. fv^y. 
AD. ii. p. 11 (1854): KZ. Compt. Ilend. xxxix.' p. 67:) (1S34), xl. 



(18&2); Gray, Cat lively*. Coll B. Mm. 2nd ed. p. W (1^63); 
Jerd. B. of Bid. iii. p. 445 (1804); Gudtr.-Amt. J. A, 8. B. xliii. 

p. 171 (1874); JSTZWTW, tffr. iW^ . iii. p. 1(50 (1&75); Wald. B. 
Burm. p. 14-3 (lb75) j Hume 4* Davis, 8tr. Ftatk. vi. p, 410 
* I have very little doubt that Latham's IIooked~b lied Pigeon belongs to 
the present species ; the coloured figure agrees \ery w«*ll with it; only there is 
no trace of the grey cap, as there is aL»o no mention of it in the description. 
Hook-billed Pigeon, Loth. Ki/n. ii. 2, p. 632, n. 23, pi 5D (17S3j (Xanua I) ; 
Temm. Pig. et Gallm. i. p 57 (1813). 

Columba 
eurvirostra, Gm. S. X i. p. 777, n. 45 f 1788) far La^httti); 
Lath. hid. Orn. ii. p. 000, n. 25 (171)0/; Beohst. La*h. Utlers. ii. p. till, 
pi. 60. f. 2 (1794), iv. p 380 (Mi); ? 7^///. ity. tf Gallia, i p. 55 
(1813); rfetf/. xV. J9. SXYL p. 300 (1818); Ikm. Bid. Se. Xat \\. 

p. 307 (1828). 
Columba aromatica, var. a. Tanm. Pig. ef Gallin. i. p. 441 (1813). 
Vinago aromatica, var. }3, Hieph. Gen. Zool. x\. lf p. 100, pi. 4 (1HIU). 
Coluraba aromatica, part., Wayl. tight. Au. Columba, sp. 7 (1827). 
Treron curvirostra, Bp. Cotibp. Au. ii. p. 10 (1854); id. Compt. Read. 
xxxix. 
PP. 
Gr. 

(1870); 

5 . TREROJST. 
:*5 

(1878); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 100, n. 771 (1879); Bint/h Sfr. 
Feath. ix. p. 193 (1880); ? Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. ^ 0 (Malacca); 
#«/y. C«f. i?. tftocH Coll, p. 537 (1883); Oafes, Str. Feath. x. 

p. 235 (1882); id. B. Brit. Burnt, ii. p. 300 (1883); Anders. Jour. 
Linn. Soc, Zool. xxi. p. 152 (1887) (Mergui Avcliip.); Grant, Ann. 
$ Mag. N. II. (6) ii. p. 352 (1888); Hume, Str. Feath. xi. p. 289 
(1888); Sahad.Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) v. p. 019 (1888), ui. 
p. 423 (1889); Hartert, J.f. 0.1889; p. 405; id. Kat. Vogehamml 
p. 191 (1891). 
Treron aromaticurn, Lota (nee Gm.)f Sarawak, p. 411 (1848). 
Treron nepalensis, Wall. Ibis, 1863, p. 370 (Sumatra); id. J. f. O. 
1860, p. 277; Blyth, Ibis, 1807, p. 147; G. Ii. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 222, n. 9081 (1870); Ttoeedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 321 (Lampong); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 240(1879) (Sumatra); Tiraut, 
Bull. Com. Agr. et Lid. CocJdnch. (3) i. p. 141, n. 250 (1879) ; 
Txveedd. Orn. Works, p. 502 (1881). 
Treron 
nasica, Sharpe {nee Schleg.), Tr. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 340 
(1876) (Palawan); Tioeedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 623 (Palawan); id. 
Orn. Works, pp. 182, 502, 618 (1881) ; Wardl. Hems. Tweedd. 
Orn. Works, p. 659 (1881); Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 202 (Palawan) ; 
Grant, Ann. $• Mar/. K. II. (6) ii. p. 352 (1888) (Banguey); Bias. 
Ornis, iv. D. 310 (1888); Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 220; ul Jour. 
Str. Br. B. As. Soc. 1889, p. 196 (part.); Vorderm. N. T. N. I. 

xlix. p. 412 (1889), 1. p. 499 (1890) (Billitun); WMteh. Ibis, 
1890, p. 56 (Palawan); ? Steve, List, p. 24 (1890) (Paragua, Mindoro) 
; Ilartert, J.f.O. 1891, p. 301. 
Treron 
nasica, Oust, (nee Schleg.) Nouv. Arch. Mus. (2) ii. p. 290 
(1879) (Hue, Annam).# 
Rhamphotreron nipalensis, Heine <$• Bchnw. JSTomcncl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn. p. 279 (1890). 

Adult male. Crown ashy, paler on the forehead ; neck, rump, 
tipper tail-coverts, breast, and abdomen olive-green; mantle and 
smaller upper wiug-coverts chestnut; breast with a very faint, almost 
imperceptible tinge of fulvous; sides leaden grey; flanks green 
mixed with white ; under tail-coverts cinnamon : wings, except the 
chestnut upper wing-coverts, black; median and greater upper 
wing-coverts and also the secondaries edged with yellow; under 
surface of the wings leaden grey; tail above olive-green on the 
middle feathers, grey on the outer ones, which show a median black 
band and a broad apical grey band; tail underneath grey, with a 
black medial band ; the apical grey band very broad : " legs and 
feet vary from lake-pink to coral-red; the orbital skin is pea-green; 
the irides vary from bright orange to yellowish red, with an inner 
deep blue ring more or less apparent; the gape and base of upper 
mandible to nostrils bright red; the rest of the bill pale yellowish, 
or greenish white, tipped greenish5'* (Hume). Total length about 
10-4 inches, wing 5-62-5-76, tail 3-46-3-35, bill 0-6, tarsus 0-75-0-9. 

Adult female. Differs from the male in having the maroon of the 
upper plumage replaced by olive-green, and the under tail-coveits 
white, or buff-white, irregularly barred with green. 

Specimens from the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and 
the Philippines are smaller and duller than those from Nepal and 
Tenasserim. 

D2 

3 6 TREEOXIDiC. 

Hah. From Eastern Bengal and South-eastern Himalayas, extends 
down the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippine*; 
it occurs also in Siam and Coehinchina. 

a, b. 6 ad. sk.

c. <? ad. sk.
^-f/. J ad.sk.
h. 'd ad. sk.
i-a. d 2 ad. sk.
o,P-6 2 ad. sk.

q. <3 ad. sk.
7._Ka j Qtld. sk.
v. <S ad. sk.
w-a'. $ J ad. sk.
b' 5 ad. sk.
c'~f. $ $ ad. sk.

gf. S ad. sk.

Ii, c^ad.sk.

?'. cJ ad. sk.

7;'. cJad.sk.

I', m'. <$ 2 ad. sk.
w'. $ ad. sk.
o\ S ad. sk.
p\ (/. <J ad. sk.
r'-u'. $ $ ad. sk.

v. <$ ad. sk.
w. <$ ad. sk.
•r'» i/'• cT 2 ad. sk.
s'? a". $ 2 a{l-s^


//'. $ ad. sk.

c". c? ad. sk.

d"-h". $ ad. sk.

i"jk". 2 ad.sk.

I'',m". J 2 ad.sk.

ri',o". S 2 ac^- sk#". 
cJ ad. sk.

q"-u!. 3 2 ad. sk.

 Nepal. B. II. Jlodg^on. I>q. 

(Types of the specie*.) 
Nepal (B. II. Hodgson). iLdia Muslim "l\'_. 

(One of the type* of fepeeie>.) 
Tipperali. Hume Coll. 
Suddyn. April (J. C/r»nn. llame C .11. 
Dibrii^rhur. April, Ja„>>. July Hunan Cull. 

(J. 2d. Cripp^K 
N. Ivhasia Hill-. Feb. (A. IF.
Che m id!). 
Cachar. Jim^ (J. IttyU<\. 
Tonirhoo, Feb. & Dee. (2?. <7.

jr. xx 

 Karen Hills, Jan. (It. (J.
jr. it). 

 Pahpo ai, Dec, Jan., Feb.

(IC. iMr'ttmi. 
Pahp >on, Jan. f JC. /Arm ^ i. 
Younzaleeii Creek, Dee. \ JC

iJavison). 
Kaukaryit, Autr. {J. Ihtr


ling)' 
Myawadee, Jan.f Jl~JJaek*Hi. 
Moulmein, March { JTr. ZA/ri


sow J. 
Attarau Dist., March (If".


Damons. 

 Meetan, Feb. { W. Dnrwm I. 
Meetan, April l JC. Lhnh >rg\. 
Mooleyit, Jan. ( IV. Dt/rt'^m I 
Amherst, Jan. (If. Dari,<>,n\. 
Tavoy, March. April ( JF.Dt


viwn). 
Tavuy, March f W.Limhurgu

 Near Ta\uy, April (JC Da


 Ten r-seiim R., Nov. (IP. Da


 Bopyin, May, Dec. (Wr Da~

 Tenasserim Town, Nov. (W.

 Pakckan, Jan. ( W. Daui>m), 
Bankasucm, May, Dec. (IF.


Davison). 
Malawoon, Jan. (IF. Dad-
son). 
Malaw-oon, Feb. (JJr. Davison). 


 South Tenas&eiim, Jan. 
Siam. 
Klaug, Feb. {Jf. Davison).


 Tweedduir* Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Cull. 


 T wee Id.le Coll. 
Hume Cull. 
S ilvin-f bnluuii C dl. 

 Hum** I' ill. 
Huine Cull. 
Ifu.m* full. 

 Hum** Cull. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume ('oil. 
Twvt-ddab* Cull. 
Htinie (\dl. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-<i<»dman Coll. 

 IInine Cull. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll 
Hume Cull. 

 Hume Coll 
Hume Coll. 
Balvin-Gudman Coll. 
EAV.Oates,Eaq.rC.\ 


 M. 3Iuuh*»t [C.X J 
Hume Coll. 
5. TREEON. 37 
v",w". <$ $ ad. sk. Malacca {Cantor). India Museum [P.]. 
x" , y". ? ad. sk. Malacca. A.Charlton?Esq.[P.]. 
z",. *$ ad. sk. Malacca. Sabin-Grodman Coil. 
a\ , $ acl. sk. Malacca. Hume Coll. 
V--h*. d ? ad. sk. Joliore, March, Aug. Hume Coll. 

(W. Daviso?i). 
V d* S ad. sk. Singapore. Hume Coll. 
i\ 
l>\

m\ S 2 ad. sk. Sumatra. Wallace Coll. 
n", o\ d $ ad. sk. Sumatra. Seebohm Coll. 
. $ ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased. 

I>* 

Q*>. $ ad. sk. Sumatra {A. R. Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
?--vA. d $ ad. sk. Siedjoendjo-eng, Sumatra, Tweeddale Coll. 
Oct., Nov. (Carl Bock). 
w]'. $ juv. sk. Mt. Sago, Sumatra, Sept. Tweeddale Coll. 

{C. £.). 
XA 

. tf ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra Tweeddale Coll. 

(E. C. Buxton). 
y>, z\ 2 ad. et tf Billiton. Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. 
a{ . $ ad. sk. Sarawak (A. II Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
b\ . $ ad. sk. Batu Sang, Borneo. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 
cK, $ ad. sk. Bruuei ltiver. Bassett Smiih, Esq. 

[P.]. 
&.. $ ad. sk. Sandakan, N.E. Borneo. W.JB. Pryer [C.]. 
eK, J juv, sk. Baram, June. C. Hose, Esq. |0.~|. 
fl ,gK <$ $ ad. sk. Palawan (A. R. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. " 
hl., ik. 6 ? ad. sk. Banguey. A. II. Everett, Esq. 

[0.]. 

2. Treron nasica, 
Treron nepalensis, Sclat.' {nee Hodgs.) P. Z. 6'. 1863, p. 220 (Banjermassing). 


Treron nasica, ScWeg. N. T. D. i. p. 67 (1803) (Banjermassing and 
Sumatra); Wall. Ibis, 1863, p. 320 (Sumatra), 1805, p. 370; 
id.J.f.O. 1800, p. 277; Schler/. N. T. D. iii. p. 211 (1866); 

Wold. Tr. Zool 8oc. viii. 2, p. 82 (note) (1872); iSchleg. Mus. P.


B. Columb®, p. 55 (1873); Elices, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 080 ; tialvad. 
Ucc. Born. p. 283 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 651 (1877); 
liosenb. Malay. ArcMp. p. 108 (1878); Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
xiii. p. 453 (1878); Sahad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 241 (1878) 
(Sumatra); ? Snellem. Sum, Exp. Vogels, p. 47, pi. 4 * (1884); 
Biittik. Not. Legd. Mus. ix. p. 75 (1886) ; r* Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p, 45 (1889) (Banjermassing); Everett, Journ. fStr. Br. R. As. tioe. 
1889, p. 190 (part.); ? Vorderm. N. T. N. I. xlix. p. 412 (1889; ; 
? Steere, List, p. 24 (1890) (Paragua, Mindoro) ; ? Hartert, J.f.O. 
1891, p. 301;tialvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) xii. p. 139 (Engauo) 
(1892). 
Treron curvirostra, Wall. Ibis, 18G37 p. 320; Jerd. B. of Bid. iii. 

p. 446 (1804). 
Toria nasica, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 322, n. 9087 (1870). 
Treron massica {errore), Ibis, 1886, p. 522. 
* The bird figured is a female, and does not at all show tie characters of 
the species. 
 TUEECmDJE. 

Similar to T. nijialensis, but a little larger and also differing in 
the following points :—1st, the grey colour of the pileum is much 
lighter, especially in front, and comes more down on the cheeks at 
the base of the lower mandible ; 2nd. the green colour of the underpays 
is more yellowish ; 3rd, the feathers of the flank* are often 
tinged with yellow, instead of being pure white: 4th, the yellow 
edges on the wings are broader ; 5th. the naked skin round the 
eyes is less extended; 6th, the soft parts are differently culture 1: 
"'iris golden orange ; bill greenish white, ba^e dark olive: feet dall 
pinkish purple r (Wallace). Total length 11 inches (Wallace i, 
wing 5*75, tail 3*(5, bill 0-7, tarsus 0*9. 

Male. Back, scapulars, and smaller upper wing-covert? maroon, 
under tail-eoverts cinnamon. 

Female. No maroon colour on the back and en the smaller win?eoverts, 
which are olive-green; under tail-eoverts whitish, varied 
with green along the middle and at the base. 

Hah. Sumatra, Engano, Bangka, and Southern Borneo (?t. 

cf, <$ ad. sk Sumatra. "Wallue*- CVII. 

0. OSMOTEEEOF. 
i \jh\ 

Denrlroplia«sa? Gluger, firm. Hand-it. Illlfsh. d. 
Nafior/esch. p. oi;9 (184:2) O, arwriiiitici {'*). 
Osmotreron, l>'p. Consp. Av. in p. 12 (3KJ4|: id. 
CompL Mend, xxxix. p. 874 (18*34) O. «ilax. 

Ean<je. Prom India and Burmese countries, through the Malay 
Archipelago as far south-east as Bourn and Timor. 

Key to tlic BpecL s. 

L Tail above olive-green or olive-yellow. 
A, Back of males maroon, of female^ olive. 


1. The man on colour of the hack broadly 
spread. 
a. No chestnut colour on the head. 
a. 
Grey colour of the upper part of 
the heid leaving no distinct green 
superciliary band: on each side of 
the lower neck of the males, just 
above the shoulder, a brown-orange 
patch not very di&tinct. 
aa. Smaller,wing5*5inches: colouring 
duller; lateral tail-feathers with 
an ill-defined grey band across 
the middle; female with no or-
ang^-brown patches on the sides 
of the lower neck ; under tail-
coverts white mingled with green, gmelcawla, p 40. 

bb. Medium size, wing 0 inches: colour


6. os^roTREEosr. 
ing brighter: underparts yellower, 
and the band across the middle of 
the lateral tail-feathers blacker 
and well-defined; female differs 
from the male as does that of 0. 
griseicauda zvallacei, p. 42. 

cc. Larger, -wing G*l to 6'?>7 inches: 
colouring much as in 0. wattacei; 
homy part of the upper mandible 
nearly reaching to the forehead; 
female differs from the male as 
do those of 0, griseicauda and 0. [p. 43. 
xoallacei sanghiremis, 
p. 
Grey colour of the upper part of the 
head leaving a distinct green superciliary 
band ; no orange-brown 
patches on the sides of the lower 
neck 
aa. Under tail-coverts cinnamon in the 
males; mingled white and olive 
in the females. 


aa. An ochreous patch across the 
middle of the crop-region of the 
male; throat green-yellow; 
female similar to that of 0. 
malabariea, with the cap not 


so grey in front phayrei, p. 43. 

$3. No ocnreous patch on the middle 
of the crop-region; throat conspicuously 
yellow; female similar 
to that of 0. phayrei, but 
with the grey of the cap lighter 
in front malaharica, p. 45. 

bb. Under tail-coverts of the males not 
cinnamon, but whitish. 


aa. Smaller wing-coverts maroon; 
those of the bend of the wings 
slaty. 


az. Underparts pale yellowish; 
feathers of the flanks greyish 
olive, with whitish edges; 
female similar to that of 0. 
axillaris, but smaller, lighter 
below, and with the grey cap 
better defined on the hind 
part aronxatica, p. 47. 

W. Underparts decidedly greener 
olive; feathers of the flanks 
dark green, with yellow 
edges; female similar to that 
of 0. aromatica, but larger, 
greener below, and with the 
grey cap blending behind in 
the olive of the hind neck .. axillaris, p. 48. 
|3/3. 
Smaller wing-coverts, except a 
few of the inner ones, olive; 
grey cap very pale; female 


TEEEOXIBJC. 

similar to that of O.Jton's. hut 
much larger cMoroptem, p. 49. 

y. 
Forehead and throat yellow; under 
tail-coverts whitish ; female al&o 
easily distinguished by the yellow-
forehead and throat pvmpadora, p. Zl. 
h. 
Head and neck chestnut in the male; 
tibial feathers bright yellow. 
a. 
Breast with an ochreoiib-oranore timre; 
female has a dark grey cap, hind 
neck and back olive, fore neck and 
breast olive-Green, and in easily distinguished 
from the females of the 
other species by the tibial feather© 
being bright yellow fulvv o!u\ p. Z'J. 
jS. 
Breabt uniform che-tnut like the neck ; 
female unknown baramf/^is. p. ,"34. 

2. 
The maroon colour of the back confined 
to hind part of it teynnuni, p. 5-1 
B. 
Back of males and female olhe, with n> 
maroon colour; under tail-coverts v% Lit MI. 
1. 
Male and female with no irrey cap, th A 
whole of the head being olive; tbitiuU 
and longer scapulars grey j^'fi^aa, p. ->.">. 
2. 
Male and female with a grey cap; tutiak 
olive like the back Jhtris, p. off. 
II. Tail above grey; an orange patch < n tliebr* a-t. 
A. 
Back green; neck of the males \ hiuus; upper 
tail-coverts tinged v, ith rufe^ont. 
1. 
Tail below with a broad apical grey band; 
greater part of the head of the male 
green; female with no vinous culour 
round the neck bkuicta, p. ~>7. 
2. 
Tail bellow with a narrow apical «„ivy 
band; greater part of the head of the 
male grey: female with no \inous colour 
round the neck vtrnam. p. t)0. 
B. 
Back dark maroun; head and neck grey; 
female has a dark arey cap, srivy chin, 
neck and back olive, tibial ftather*. reddish 
buff; easily distinguished by its diminutive 
size, wing 4*8 inches .....* tdnx, p. $U. 
1. Osmotreron griseicauda. (Plate II. %. I.) 
Columba aromatiea, Temm. § Knip (nee Lhm.) J%. i. p. ;Iii, pi, 5 
(1808) j Temm. Big. et Oailin. i. pp. 50 {Ja\a), 441 (part.) {lhl:J); 
JDevn. Diet Sc. Kat. xL p. o0r> (part.) (l5ij<>), 

Yinago aromatiea, HartHjiec Linn.) fyst. Verz. Brem.jh 97 (1B44) 
(Java). 

Treron aromatiea, Blyih (nee Linn.) J. A. S. B. xiv. 2, p. 848 (Java) 
(1845); id. Ann. fy Mag. JVT. II. six. p. 4% (3847); Strickl. ibid. p. 44 
(note) (1847) ; Blijth, Cat. B.Mm.A. 8. if. p. i#a, n. 13M (Jb49); 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 10, n. 3 (1^54) (Java, Borneo!); Feb. Nmxira 
Reis.j Vog. p. 103 (Java) (l&a>); Gieb. Thes. Oni. iiL p. 040 (part.) 
(1877); ? HaH&rty Eat p. 101 (Java) (1S91J. ' 

6. OSMOTJIERON. 
41 

Treron griseicaucla, G. R.Gr. 2ISS.; id. List B. Brit. Mm. Oolumbfo, 

p. 10 (1856) (ex patria incerta); Schleg.N. T. D. i. p. 06 f 1803) (Ja\a, 
Sumatra !), iii. pp. 210, 247 (part.) (lb(K>); id. Mus. P.-B. Ool umbos, 
p. 53 (part.) (1873) (Java and Sumatra !); ? Rosenb. Malay. Arthip. 
p. 108 (1878); Vorderm. N. T. N. I. xlvi. p. 24 (1885) (Java); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (part., Sumatra!) (1889). 

? Treron curvirostra, Bp. (nee Gm.) Icon. Pig. pi. G (1857). 

Treron pulverulenta, Wall. Ibis, 1863, p. 31*9 (Java), 18G5, p. 376; 

id. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 277; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 222, n. 9082 

(1870); JFald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. &2 (1872); Salvad. Ucc. 

Borneo, p. 289 (1874); Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. G7 (Java); tialv. 

Cat. B. Strkkl. Coll. p. 558 (1882) ("Malacca!); Vorderm. N. T. N. 

I xhi. p. 19 (1886); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 46 (18fe9) (Java); 

Ilein. 8f Rthmo. Nomenel. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 279 (Borneo!) 

(1890). 

Treron javanica, Schley. Be Dierent. p. 211 (1864). 

? Omotreron from Sumatra, Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 173 (Lejden 

Museum). 

Tieron pulverulenta, Elwes, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 679. 

Osmotreron pulverulenta, Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 212 (1875); 

Legge, B. Ceijl. p. 729 (1880). 

Adult male (type). Upper part of the head grey, a little lighter in 
front; the grey colour extends also under the eyes and at the base 
of the bill; no green superciliary stripes; neck dull olive-green; 
front neck and underparts brighter olive-green; on the sides of the 
neck lower down a dull orange patch scarcely perceptible; mantle 
and inner small upper wing-coverts purple-chestnut, with a slight 
mealy appearance; an obsolete grey tinge between the neck and the 
mantle; rump and upper tail-coverts yellow olive-green ; sides 
tinged with greyish; feathers of the flanks white, olive-green along 
the middle or at the tip; tibial feathers olive and white; under 
tail-coverts cinnamon, the basal ones olive, broadly edged with white; 
small upper wing-covcrts near the bend of the wing dark lead-grey; 
median wing-coverts dark olive, with bright yellow edges, forming 
a band across the wing ; greater upper wing-coverts and secondaries 
black, edged with yellow; primaries black; under surface of the 
wing and axillaries lead-grey ; central bail-feathers olive-green, the 
others grey with an ill-defined darker grey band across the middle, 
the inner ones tinged with olive-green on the outer webs; tail 
underneath blackish grey, with a broad grey apical band: " iris 
orange-red ; orbits bare yellow ; bill, base dark greenish, tip yellowish 
white; feet purple-red " {Wallace). Total length 10-5 inches, 
wing 5-5, tail 3-8, bill 0-65, tarsus 0-9. 

Female. Differs from the male iu having no chestnut colour on 
the back and on the wing-coverts, paler yellow edges to the wing-
coverts and secondaries, and the under tail-coverts mingled white 
and olive, and edged with whitish. * 

I do not entertain any doubt as to the type of T. griseicauda, 
with the band on the tail very ashy and ill-defined, belonging to 
the present species. 

I believe that this bird is confined to Java; still, specimens g, 7i 
were received as having been collected by Baffles in Sumatra. 

TKEEOXIXLH. 

Hah, Java, and perhaps also Sumatra. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Purchased. (Type 
of species.) 
b. <$ ad. sk. 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 
c. d. 6 
$ ad. sk. E. Java. Wallace Cull. 
(Types of T. pvlverulenia. Wall.) 
e,f. S ad.sk. E. Java (Wallace). * Tweeddale Cull. 
gf'h. d ad, sk. [Sumatra]. India Museum ~P.~. 
i. Skeleton. Java. Purchased. 

2. Osmotreron wallaceL (Plate II. tig. 2.) 
Treron gri^eicauda, 
Wall (nee Gr.) P. Z. S. 1562, pp. 835, 344 (Sula 
Islands and Celebes); id. Ibis, l^b'3, p. 319, 1^05, p. 370 ; #. J", f. 

0. 1800? p. 277 : Schleg. X. T. I). in. pp. 210, 347 (part.) f1S00] 
(specini. ex Celebes et Soula) ; G. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 222. 
u. 9080 (part.) (Ib70); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columbae, p. 53 (part.; 
(1S73); Brugg. Abk. not. Ver. Brem. v. p. 70 (1^70); Grant, Ann. 
$ Mac,. X. H. (0) ii. p. 3o2 (1^); TrHr. Cat Coll. B. p 45 fp«irt.) 
(1SS9); Hem. fy Ilchmt. Xonipnrl Mus. Hem. Orn. p. 279 (i^JO); 
Vorderm. JV. T. X. L li. p. 400 (1^02). 
Osmotreron 
gri^eicaucla, If'aid. (nee Gr.) Tr, Zoo!, Sue. viii. p. S2 
(1872), ix. p. 212 (1675); Salvad. Ann. Mus. CzV. Gin. % ii. p. 070 
(1875) (Celebes); Lenz, J. f. O. 1ST, p. 370: 3%r , //>*, Wi», 
pp. 134, 140; Legge, B. Cegl. p. 729 (1^0) : Blai J.f. (). 1^3, 

p. 138; id. Zeifschr. ges. Orn. Ifc'M, p. 301 (Celebes ; Guidem. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 550. 
Treron aromatica, part., 6-Vd?. T7i«?. Orn. iii. p. G49 (1^77). 
Treron sulaen>is (Mchleg.), Mm. Paris, fid? Ouhi. Xour. Arch. Mus. 
(2) ii. p. 291 (1879). 
Aclvli male. Similar to that of 0. grisetcauda, from which it differs 
in being larger, in having more brilliant colours both on the ripper 
and under surfaces, the orange-brown spot on the sides of the neck 
above the shoulder broader and more distinct, and the band across 
the lateral tail-feathers blacker and better defined: " bill pale yellow-
green, the base dark olive-green; iris red ; orbits bare green ; feet 
red" (Wallace). Total length about 10*5 inches, wing 0, tail £>•>, 
bill 0 7, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Differs from the male as does that of O. griseiemtda; and 
besides it has the edges of the median and greater wing-coverts and 
secondaries white, with a slight green tinge along the very edges, at 
least in the Celebes birds, while in those from Hula Islands these 
edges are yellowish white; the white under tail-coverts are more or 
less tinged with buff and mingled or irregularly banded with olive. 

Hab. Celebes and Sula Islands. 

a. <S ad. sk. Makassar. WTallace Coll. | (Types of 
b. $ ad. sk. Makassar (Wallace). Gould Coll. f species.) 
c. $ ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
d. d ad. sk. Celebes. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 9 ad. sk. Menado. Tweeddale Coll. 
/-*. 6 $ ad. sk. Sula Is. Wallace Coll 
et st. 

6. OSMOTRERON. 
/. rf ad.sk. S ula Is. (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. $ ad. sk. ISula Is. (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
w, o. <$ 2 ad. sk. Sulci Ls. ( Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 

3. Osmotreron sangMreusis. 
Treron griseicauda, part., Schleq. N. T. D. iii. p. 210 (1866) (specim. 
ex Sanjrhir); G. Ii. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 222, n. 9080 (part.) (1870); 
Schley. Mus. P.-B. Columte, p. 55 (part.) (1873) (specimen ex Siao 
et Sanghir). 

Treron sangirensis, Bragg. Abh. naturw. Ter. JBrem. v. p. 79 (Marz 
1870). 
Treron sanghirensfa, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 60 (October 
1876) ; Meyer, Sitz. n. Abh. Ges. Isis, 18S4, Abh. i. p. 6. 
Osmotreron sanghirensis, Bias. Omis, iv. p. 611 (1888). 

Similar to 0. c/riseicauda from Celebes, but larger and with a larger 
and more robust bill; the horny part of the upper mandible nearly 
reaching the forehead, and approaching in that respect the bill of 
Treronnasica : " iris orange; bill yellow; feet cherry-red" (Platen). 
Total length 1140-12-18, wing G-Ul-6-37, tail 3-93-4-36, bill 0-700-
78, tarsus 0*90-1-02 (Mm. of Genoa). 

Male. Mantle and scapular* mealy purple-chestnut; median and 
greater upper wing-coverts edged with yellow; under tail-coverts 
cinnamon (Mus. of Genoa). 

Female. Mantle and scapulars green; median and greater upper 
wing-coverts edged with white, slightly tinged with greenish yellow; 
under tail-coverts buff, the basal ones greenish, edged with buff or 
whitish buff (Mus. of Genoa). 

Bab. Sanghir Islands—Great Sanghir, Pejta, Siao. 

a. J ad. sk. Sanghir Is. Tweeddale Coll. 
b. § ad. sk. Sanghir Is. Sahiu-Godman Coll. 
4. Osmotreron phayrei 
Treron malabarica, part., Blyth, J. A. S.B. xiv. p. 852 (1845) j id. Cat. 

B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 229/n. 1389 (part.) (1849). 
Treron nepalensis, Bp. (nee Ilodys.) Icon. Pig. pi. 8 (S) (1857). 
Osmotreron malabarica. Bp. (nee Jerd.) Icon. Pig. pi. 11. f. 2* (?) 
(1857). 
Osmotreron phayrei, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxxi. p. 344 (1802); Jerd. 

B. of Ind. iii. p. 451 (1864) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 147 ; Hume, 
Ibis, 
1870, p. 4^58 ; G. R. Gr. Hand-hst, ii. p. 223, n. 9092 (1870); 
Wold. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 212 (1875); Blyth § WaU. B. Burm. 

p. 144 (1875): Hume, JStr. Feath. iii. p. 162 (1875); Hume § 
Davis. Sir. Feath. vi. pp. 412, 414 (1878); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. 
p. 109, n. 776 (1879); Tiraut, Bull. Com. Ayr. et Ind. Cochinch. 
* Mr. Blyth (< Ibis,' 1867, p. 147) was probably right in attributing the above 
figure to 0. phayrei, although Bonaparte states that it was drawn from a 
Malabar specimen 1 
TREROXID-E. 

Gen. (2) v. p. 019 (1888; (Tenas&erim) $ Hartert, J. /. O. 1S6U, 

p. 433. 
Treron phayrei, Wcdl. Bis. 1805, p. 375 ; id. J. f. O. 1866, p. 272; 
Gied. Tkes. Orn. iii.p. 052 (L^77); Tn'str. Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (18^9). 
Treron phavrii, Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 409; tittle. Cat. B. StrichL Coll. 

p. 558 (18b2). 
Adult male. Pileum ashy, lighter on the forehead : superciliary 
stripes, sides of the head, and throat yellow-green ; hind neck, lower 
hack, rump, and upper tail-coverts olive-green ; mantle, scapulars, 
and smaller upper wing-coverts che&tnut; on the upper breast a 
transverse dull orange band, separating the yellow-green throat from 
the green-olive of the underparts; sides with a greyish tinge ; 
feathers of the flanks yellowish white, mingled with dark green; 
tibial feathers buff; under tail-coverts cinnamon; median wing-
coverts olive-green, with yellow edges forming an oblique band on 
the wings; greater wing-coverts black, edged with yellow : quills 
black, the secondaries edged with yellow, tertiaries with broader 
yellow edges ; wings underneath and axillaries lead-grey ; centre 
tail-feathers olive-green, the others green at base, with a broad 
ashy tip and a black bar in front of the ashy, the black bar obsolete 
on the pair next the centrals and becoming more pronounced towards 
the outer tail-feathers: u legs and feet lake or purplish pink ; claws 
and orbital skin greyish blue ; bill pale bluish white, darker at the 
base; irides usually with an inner ring of bright blue and an outer 
ring of salmon or huffy pink, sometimes they are a rosy pink, at 
others reddish yellow" (Davison), Total length 11 to llw02 
inches, wing 6 to 6-25, tail 3*82 to 4, bill (J-0, tarsus 0*^2 to 0*9. 

Female. Has the maroon of the upper plumage replaced by 
green-olive; there is no orange on the breast, and the under tail-
coverts are white, speckled with ashy green; size nearly the same. 

Hub. Erom Lower Bengal and Assam to Tenasserim as far as 
Tavoy and east to Cochinchina. 

a-d. d ? ad. sk.
e)fi96 
? a(h skTipperah. 
Mbrughur, Aug. (J. H. 
Hume Coll. 
IItime Coll. 
Cri}*p#). 
h. <$ ad. sk. Ivhasia Hills. Tweeddale Coll. 
i. S ad. sk. N. Khasia Hills (A. W. ChenTweeddale 
Coll. 
nell). 
k. $ ad. sk. Khasia Hills (Griffiths). India Museum [P.], 
/. $ ad. sk. Luchunpur, Assam (A. Tweeddale Coil. 
Hardy), 
m, n. $ J ad. sk, Assam (II. Godwin-Austen), Tweeddale Coll 
o. $ ad. sk. Cachar (X Inglis). Hume Coll. 
p, q. S 2 ad. sk. Cachar. H ume Coll. 
r. rf ad. sk. Arrakan Hills, Jan. Hume Coll. 
s,t.<$2 ad. sk. [Arrakau F] E. Blyth, Esq. [P.]. 
w. S ad. sk. Eassein, Pegu. Seebohm Coll. 
v. d ad. sk. Tongkoo Dist. E. W.
[O.]. 
Oates, Esq. 

6. OSMOTRERON. 
ZD--e'-d $ad. etiuv. Tonghoo, Feb., April, May, Tweeddale Ooll. 
sk. June (JR. G. W. R). 
/'• . ? ad. sk. Shuay-£*-yeen, Jan. (JR. G. Tweeddale Coll. 

W. JR.). 
</--m'. tf $ ad. sk. Pahpoon, Dec, Jan., Fob. Hume Cull. 

(IF. Davison). 
n\i o'. cf 2 ad. sk. Younzaleen Ok., Dec. (W. Hume Ooll. 

JDavison). 
3?'>. <$ ad. sk. Myawadee, Jan. (W. DaviHume 
Coll. 
son). 
q\, cf ad. sk. Thouijgveen Valley, Nov. Hume Coll. 

(C. T. Bingham). 
r'. 
d ad. sk. Thoungyeen Valley, Feb. C. T. Bingham, Esq. 
[0.]


s'. ? ad. sk. Myawadee, March. 0. T. Bingham, Esq. 

t\ w'. $ 5 a<3-s^« Thatone, Dec, Jan. Hume Coll. 
v'.. ? ad. sk. Atfcaran R., March (W. DaviHume 
Coll. 
son).

w''. <$ ad. s-k. 
Hume Ooll. 

Assoon, March (W. Davi


S0?l).

x' ,y'. C51 $ ad. sk. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Assoon, Feb. ( W. Limlorg).

z. c? ad. sk. Meetan, Feb. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
a''. ? ad. sk. Meetan, Feb. (IV. Li?nborg). Tweeddale Coll. 
b"'. d? ad, sk. Letel, S. of Moulmein, March Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
c". <$ ad. sk. Nwallaboo, March ( W. DaviHume 
Coll. 
son). 
d''-£". tf ? ad. et Tavoy^March to May (W. Hume Coll. 
pull. sk. Davison). 


5. Osmotreron malabarica. 
Vinago aromatica, part., Jerd, JMJadr. Journ. L. § 8c. xii. p. 13, n. 287 

(1840). 
Vinago affinis, Jerd. Madr. J. L. § 8c. xii. p. 13,n. 288 ($) (1840)*. 
Vinago malabarica, Jerd. lilustr. Om.} letterpress to pi. 21 (<$) 

(Malabar) (March 1845). 

Treron malabarica, Bh/th, Journ. A.S.B. xiv. 2, p. 852 (part.) (1845); 
id. Ann. $ Mag. N. JH. xix. pp. 47, 43 (1847); G. li. Gr\ Gen. B. 
App. p. 23 (1849); Bli/th, Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 229, n. 1380 
(1849); id. Journ. A. 8. B. xxi. p. 350 (1852), xxiv. p. 479 (1855) ; 

G. R.Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Oolumbre, p. 11 (part. ?) (1856); Sck eg, 
N. T. D. i. p. 65 (part.) (1863); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 375 ; id. J.f. 0. 
1866, p. 277; Schleg. Mm. JP.-B. Colunibce, p. 52 (1873); Gieb. 
Thes. Oni. iii. p. 651 (1877); Salv. Cat. B. StrickL Coll. p. 557 
(1882). 
Treron pompadora, part., StrickL Ann. fy Mag. N. II. xix. p. 48 (note) 
(1847). 

Osmotreron 
malabarica, part., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 13 (1854); id. 
Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 875 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 24 (1855); id. 
Coup tfocil Ordr. Big. pp. 6, 54, n. 24 (1855); id. Icon. Pig. pi. xii. 

* As Jerdon himself has given up the name affinis, I think we must use the 
one bestowed by him on the male bird. 
TREK0XIDJ3. 

(c?) (1857); Rchib. Tauben, I p. 104. t. 341. f. 1336 (1*62); 
Jerd. B. Lid, iii. p. 450 (1SU4); Blyth, Ibi*, 1867, p. 147; G. R. 
Or. Sand-lkt, ii. p. 223, n. 9091 (1870); Hume, Xests $ Egqs, iii. 

p. 493 (1873) ; id. 8 ft: Feath. iii. p. 162 (187o); Fairb. Sir. Feath. 
iv. p. 261 (187G); Hume, Str. Feath. vi. p. 414 (1878j? viii. p. 101) 
(1879). 
Osniotreron affinis, 
Wald. Tr. ZooL Soc. ix. p. 213 (1375); Tiveedd. 
Orn. Works, p. 370 (1881). 

Adult male. Upper part of the head grey, lighter towards the 
forehead, and blending on the occiput with the greyish olive-green 
colour of the hind neck; sides of the head, including superciliary 
stripes, and bides of the neck olive-green ; throat distinctly yellow ; 
mantle and upper wing-coverts purple-ehe&tnut; lower back, rump, 
upper tail-coverts, and central tail-feathers olive-yellow ; quills 
and median and greater wing-coverts black; median and greater 
wing-coverts and also the secondaries with bright yellow edges ; 
under surface of the quills and under wing-coverts leal-grey, the 
latter tinged with greenish; underparts olive-yellow; flanks olive, 
with broad yellowish edges to the feathers; tibial feathers olive ; 
under tail-coverts cinnamon, the basal ones jelluwish buff with 
greyish-green bases ; lateral tail-feathers irrey, with a 1 lurk band 
about the middle, the innermost ones with the bases of the inner 
webs olive; tail below blackish, with a broad grey apical band : 
" soft basal part of the bill is glaucous green, tip a.4iy ; iris blue. 
with an outer ring of pink or lake-red '** (Fairboith): u feet pinky red '* 
(Jerdoa). Total length about 10*5 inches, wing ,3*75, tail 4, bill Oij, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Differs from the male in having no maroon on the back 
and upper wing-coverts, which are olive, and the under tail-covet ts 
whitish, irregularly marked or banded with greyish olive. 

Hob. Indian Peninsula. 

a. c? Ad.sk. Madras. Seebolmi Coll. 
b, c. S ? ad. sk. Madras. Rev.^IL II. Bab *r "P.". 
d.e. c? ad. sk. Travaneore. F. W. Boui'dillon.l^l 

/. 
$ ad. sk. As mi boo, Jan. Hume Coll. 

g-k. <$ J ad. sk. AujangOj Dec. Hume Coll. 

/, m. 2 ad. sk. Coorg. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

n} o. $ J ad. sk. Malabar. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

p. 2 ad. sk. Calient. Tweeddale Coll 
q, r. $ ? ad. sk. Goonoor,Sept. (R.G. W.R.). Tweeddale Cull. 
6'. ($ ad. sk. Xilgbiris, Oct. Hume Coll. 
t, it,v. 6 2 ad. sk. Kulias, Oct. Hume Coll 
to. (S ad. sk. Kotagherry, Oct. (Mm Hume Coll. 
Cockburn). 
x-<f. 6 ? ad. et "Wynaad, May (W. Ban- Hume Coll. 
juv. sk. son), 
d'. $ ad. sk. Ahmednuggar, Sept. (*$'. Tweeddale Coll. 

B. Fairbank). 
e',f. 
$ 2 a^» sk- S. Konkan, Jan. {G. Hume Coll, 
Vidal). 

6. OSMOTEEEOK. 
g. S ad. sk. Khandala, May (S. 5. Hume Coll. 
A'-^f . ^ J ad. et Khandala, March to May Tweeddale Ooll. 
juv. sk (S. B. Fairbanh). 

6. Osmotreron aromatica. (Plate III.) 
Coluraba viridis amboinensis, Briss. Orn. i. p. 145, n. 39, pi. x. f. 2 
(1760); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 13 (1854). 

? Pigeon vert d'Amboine, BAubent. PL Enl. 163; Buff. Hist. 
Nat. Ois. ii. p. 528 (1771); Salvad. Orn. Bap. e Mol. iii. p. 3 
(1881). 

? Columba amboinensis, Mull, (nee Linn.) Syst. Nat. Suppl. p. 132 
(1770); Cass. Br. Bhilad. Acad 1864, p. 248. 
Oolumba aromatica, Gm. S. N. i. p. 778, n. 47 (1788) (ex Brisson); 
Lath. 2nd. Orn. ii. p. 599, n. 23 (1790); Bonn. Enc. MSth i. 

p. 242, pi. 78. f. 3 (1790); Temm. Hist. Nat. Big. I p. 441 (part.) 
(1813); Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 392 (1880); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 1, 
p. 273 (1819); Besm. Bid. So. Nat xl. p. 360 (part.) (1826); 
Wagl. Sysf. Av. Columba, n. 7 (part.) (1827); Less. Tr. d'Om. 
p.476 (part.) (1831); id. Compl. de Buff. viii. p. 18 (part.) (1837), 
2nd ed. p. 274 (1838). 
Vinago aromatica, CUD, Regne An. i. p. 437 (1817); Steph Gen. 
Zool. xi. 1, p. 100 (part.) (1819). 
Treron aromatica, G. B. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 57 (1840); id. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 467, n. 1 (part.) (1844); Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxvi (1852); 
G. B. Gr. B. Z. S. I860, p. 360 ; ? Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 109 (1862), 
ii. p. 181, Suppl.t v. ff. 54-55 (<$), 56-57 (2 ) (1862); Wall. 
P. Z. S. 1863, pp. 18, 33; id. Ibis, 1863, pp. 318, 319; Fmsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 176 (1865); Wall. Ibis, 1865, pp. 374, 396, n. 5; 
id. J. f. O. 1866, p. 277, n. 5; Schley. N. T. D. iii. p. 210, and 
p. 346 (part.) (1866); id. Mus. B.-B. Columbae, p.52 (part., specim. 
from Bum) (1873); Jlein. u. Bchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. 
p. 279 (1890); ? Hartert, Eat Voyelsamml. p. 191 (1891) 
(Amboina?). 
? Dendrophassa aromatica, Glog. Gem. Hand-u. HUfs. d. Naturg. 

p. 359 (1842). 
? Osmotreron axillaris, Rchnb. (nee Gr.) Tauben, ii. p. 180, Novit. 
Suppl t. iv. f. 45 (1862) (ex PL Enl. 163). 
Treron amboinensis, part., G. B. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 222, n. 9079 
(1870). 
Osmotreron aromatica, Wald. 7>. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 211 (1875) ; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. viii. p. 380 (1876), ix. p. 195, n, 1 
(1876); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 1 (1882); Forbes, Natural. 
Wander, p. 410 (1885) (Bourn, Amboina!, Ceram!). 

Columba amboinensis, Wald. (nee P. L. S. Mull.?) Tr. Zool. Soc. 

ix. p. 212 (1875). 
Adult male. Upper part of tbe bead and a band across the upper 
mantle grey, lighter on the forehead; superciliary stripes, sides of 
the head, neck, and breast bright yellow-green, duller on the hind 
neck : mantle and Innermost smaller upper wing-coverts dark purple-
chestnut ; rump and upper tail-coverts olive-green; abdomen 
greenish grey; sides light grey; flanks green, with the edges of the 
feathers white; vent white, mingled with green ; under tail-coverts 

TPJCEOXIDJE. 

48 

white, the basal ones greenish and grey at the base; anterior 
smaller wing-coverts and bend of the wing slate-black; rest of the 
wing black; median wing-coverts with the tips bright yellow, 
forming a very broad band on the wing; greater wing-coverts and 
tertiaries with broad bright yellow margins, narrower on the 
secondaries ; under surface of the wings leaden grey; tail above 
dull olive-green, the lateral feathers with a broad apical grey band, 
before which there is a black one ; tail underneath black, with a 
broad apical light grey band: u bill, cere, and eyelids pale doll 
blue; tip of the bill, in dry specimens, yellowish; iris white; feet 
dusky purple;j (Wallace). Total length 11*5 inches, wing G, tail 
3-5, bill 0-7, tarsus 0-8. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the mantle, the upper 
wing-coverts, and the scapulars dull olive, without purple-chestnut 
colour. 
Hah. Bourn, and doubtfully Amboina, and Oeram. 

a7 o. 6 2 ad. sk. Bouru. Wallace Wd. 
c7d. c? 9 ad. sk. Bouru, Xov. (II. O. Furhes). Sahii,-f4odman Coll. 
e-h. (5 J ad. sk. Moluccas (Hoedt :). Tweeddalt* Coll. 

7. Osmotreron axillaris. (Plate IV.) 
Treron 
axillaris G. It. Gr. MS.; BJK Compt Itrnrh xxxix. p. <H75 
(1854) (ex patria incerta), xl. p. 2U% n. 10 flv*5); /'/. Coup 
dmil Ordr. Fig. pp. 0, 54, n. 10 (lb >5): id. Oumpf. Fend, xliii. 

p. 833 (183G); Wall Ibis, 1M33, p. 319; ///. Ifm, 18«.>, pp. 374, 
396; id. J. f. 0. 1860, p. 277 ; Sidv. Cat B. Shield. Gdl p. 557 
(1882); Tmtr. Cat Coll. B. p. 45 (^59). 
?Osmotreron axillaris, Bp. Cowp. Av. ii. p. 13 (1854). 
Treron aromatica, G. F. Gr. (nee Gm.) LhtB. Brit. Mm. Ooluraboe, 


p. 23 {Schley. Mus. F~B.^Oolumba;, p. 55 (part.) (18731 (sperim! 
from the Philippines); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ill- p. 049 (part.) (1*77). 
Treron aniboinen-is, part., G. F. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 222; n. 9070 
(1870). 
Osmotreron axillaris, 
Wald. Tr. Zool Sac. ix. pp. 211, 212 (1*75): 
S7iarpe, Tr. Linn. Soc, Zool. L pp. 340, 353 (Mindanao) (1*70): 
Tweedd. F. Z. 8. 1877, pp. 540 {Panay), 019 (Luzon), 704 (Zebu), 
832 (Mindanao)7 1578, pp. 113 (Dinairat), 287 (Negro**); 8karpe, 

F. Z. S. 1870, p. 310 (Sooloo); Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 374, 375, 
412, 460, 462, 473, 525, 538, ^ 572, 503 (1881); Wardl Hams. 
Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. €59 (1881); Kutter, X f. O. 1883, 
p. 314; Guittem. F. Z. S. 1885, p. 268 (tfulu M.); Steere, Lui B. 
fy M. Steere Exp. p. 24 (Mindanao, Ba&ilan, Guimaras, Panay) 
(1890). 
Adult male. Similar to that of O. aromatica, hut somewhat 
larger; the bill larger and more powerful; the maroon of the 
mantle covering a larger surface, extending nearly to the bend of 
the wing, and of a lighter shade; the ventral plumage more yellowish 
green, and the thigh-coverts or feathers of the Hanks bright 
yellow, with very dark green spots along the middle: u iris bluish 

6. OSMOTRERON. 
green; feet greyish, green; bill light green, base dark red " {Everett). 
Total length about 11 inches, wing 6, tail 3*5, bill 0*66, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Differs from the male in having no chestnut- on the back 
and on the wing-coverts, which are of an olive colour; the scapulars 
and outer webs of the tertials also are olive; there is no grey band 
bordering the upper part of the mantle. 

A Bulu bird mentioned in the following list looks larger and 
finer, but is not otherwise different. 
Hab. Philippines and Sulu Islands. 

ty &. d $ ad. sk. Philippines. Cuming Coll. (T\pe of 
species.) 
cf d. <$ J ad. sk. Manilla. Gould Coll. 

eifi9-d $ad. sk. Luzon, Jan., April (A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer). 
h, i. $ J ad. sk. Monte Alb in, March (A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

H. Everett). 
k, I. d 2 ad. sk. Monte Alban, Feb., March Tweeddale Coll. 
(A. H. Everett). 
m. 2 ad. sk. Ilo Ilo, Panay. ' Challenger7 Exp. 
n. <$ ad. sk. Necpos, March {A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer). 

o. d ad. sk. Valencia, Aug. (A. II. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
p. $ ad. sk. Dumaguete, Aug. (A. II. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
q, r. cJ $ ad. sk. Cebu, April (A. II Tweeddale Coll. 

Everett). 

s. $ ad. sk. Cebu, March (A. H. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Everett). 

t. 
d ad. &k. Guimaras, March (A. B, Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer). 
u. 
5 ad. sk. Butuan River, Mindanao, Tweeddale Coll. 
May (A. II. Everett). 
v. d ad. sk. Zamboanga. Prof. Steere [C.]. 
w. d ad. sk. Sulu Is. (Burbidge). H. Veitch, Esq. [P.]. 
8. Osmolrercm chloroptera. 
Treron chloroptera, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. 2, p. 852 (Nicobar*) 
(1845), xv. p. 369 (1846); id. Ann. 8? Mag. N. II. xix. p. 48 
(1847); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849); Eartl J.f. 0. 
1855, p. 319 ; Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 375; id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 277 ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 650 (1877) j Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 
(1889). 

Osmotreron chloroptera, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 13 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 875 (1854), xl. p. 816, n. 25 (1855); id. Coup 
ffwil Ordr. Big. pp. 6, 54, n. 25 (1855); id. Icon, des Pit/, letterpress 
to pi. xii. (1857) ; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 108 (J8Q2); Blyth, 
Mouatfs App. p.'861 (1863) (Ibis, 1863, p. 465); Jerd. B. oflnd. 
iii. p. 451 (1864); Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 148; Beav. $ Tyil Ibis, 
1867, p. 331; G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 223, n. 9099 (1870); 
Ball, J. A. S. B. xli. 2, p. 286 (1872); id. Str. Feath. i. p. 78 
(1873); Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 313 (Andarnans); Hume, Str. Feath. 

ii. p. 258 (1874); iii. p. 162 (1875) ; Wald. Tr. Zool Soc. ix. 
VOL. XXI. E 
TREBOXID-aB. 

p. 212 (1875); Hume, Sir. Feath. vi. p. 414 (1876). viii. p. 109, 
2i. 777 bis (1879); Zec/ge, B. of Ceyl. p. 7:29 (1880; ; W. Z. Seiat. 
Ibis, 1892, p. 86 (type). 
Adult male. Forehead, crown, and occiput very delicate Irenc-h 
grey, slightly paler on the forehead; sides of the head, including 
superciliary stripes, throat, neck, upper back, and underparts 
yellowish green, greyer on the upper back, yellower on the underparts 
; middle of the back, scapulars, and some of the inner coverts 
maroon; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts yellowish olive; 
feathers of the flanks olive, edged on both sides with yellowish 
white; under tail-coverts olive, with broad yeUo wish-white edges 
and narrow yellowish margins ; smaller and median wing-coverts 
olive, the latter and the greater wing-coverts, and also the secondaries, 
edged with yellow ; greater wing-coverts and quills blat k ; 
under wing-coverts and quills underlie lth lead-grey : central 
tail-feathers yellowish olive like the rump, the re^t of the tail-
feathers with broad grey tips, above these black, but more or less 
suffused along the edges and at the base of the outer webs with 
yellowish olive ; tail below blackish, with a broad apical grey band : 
^ legs and feet purplish pink; bill pale leaden blue, almost white at 
tip, darker and tinged greenish at the base ; the iritle^ have three 
rings—the first pale, the second darker blue, anil the thiul pinkish 
buff'7 (Hume). Total length Ki%3 to 11*5 inches, wing 7*1^ to f>5, 
tail 4-4 to 3-5, bill 0*85 to 0*74, tarsus 1 to U'b2. 

Female. Differs from the male in having no miroon colour on the 
back, scapulars, and inner wing-coverts, which are of an olive 
colour like the smaller upper winsr-coverts of the male. 

YQMVJ birds have the back olive-green with no maroon in the 
male; the grey colour of the head is more or less tinged with 
green. 

According to Mr. Hume, the Xicobar birds differ from the 
Andaman ones in having less yellow on the outer margins of the 
secondaries, and generally also on those of the greater coverts, but 
I have failed to find that such is the case. 

Ilab. ^ieobars and Andamans. 

a. $ ad. sk. Xicobars. India Museum "IV. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Camorta Is., Feb. (W. Hume Cull. 
Damon). 
c. <$ ad. sk. Camorta Is., Dec. (2?. /. Tweeddale Coll. 
Wimberley). 
d~(jr d 2ad.etc?
juv.sk. 
Montshall, Feb., 
(W. Damon). 
March Hume Coll. 
Ji.'cS ad.sk.
i. $ ad. sk. 
Kalchall, Feb. (jr.
son). 
Kondul Is., March. 
DaviHume 
Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
k-o. <$ J ad. sk. S. Andamans, Feb., March Tweeddale Coll. 
p, (j, r. S ad. sk.
{JR. G. W. E.). 
S. Andamans, Aug. (E.
Wimberley). 
J. Hume Coll. 
$. (S ad. sk. S. Andamans, Aug. (E.
Wimberley). 
J. Salvin-Godman Cull 

6. OSMOTEERON. 

t. 
2 ad. sir. Port Blair, Aug. (R. J. Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
Wimberley). 
n-y. <$ J ad. et Port Blair, Feb., Aug. (22. Hume Coll. 
5 iram.sk. J. Wimberleij). 

z. 
S ad. sk. Port Blair, July (22. J. Sliarpe Coll. 

«'-#'. 6 2 ad. sk. Mi Harriet, Dec. (W. Hume Coll. 
Davison), 
ti, i\ h'. cf $ ad. Aberdeen, April and May Hume Coll. 
fek. (W.Davison). 
I'. (S ad. sk. Sound Is., April. Hume Coll. 
m', n'. $ J ad. sk. Jolly Boys Is.,Maepherson's Hume Coll. 
Stirs., March. 

9. Osmotreron pompadora. 

Pompadour 
Pigeon, Brown, Illustr. pi. 19 (<3) (177G) (Ceylon); 
X^M. %n. ii."2, p. CM, n. 12 (1783) ; R %?j ^ p. 198 (1787) ; id. 
Gen. Hist viii. p. 73 (1823). 
Yellow-faced Pigeon, Broun, Illustr. pi. 20 (? ) (1776) (Ceylon). 
Coiumba pompadora, Gm. 8. N. i. 2, p. 775, n. 9 (1788) (ex Brown); 
Lath 2nd. Orn. ii. p. 597, n. 12 (1790); Desm. Diet. 8c. Nat. xl. 

p. 367 (1826) ; Blyth, J A. 8. B. xiv. p. 852 (1845); id. Ann. # 
Mag. N. II. xix. p. 48 (1847) ; Strirkl. ibid., note (1847). 
Coiumba pompadoura, Bonn. JEnc. Meth. i. p. 240 (1790); Vieill. 

N. D. xxvi. p. 391 (1818). 
Colombar aromatique, var., Temm. 8c Knip, Piq. i. Addition, p. 31 
(1808-11). 
Coiumba aromatica, var. 5, Temm. Hist. Nat. Big. p. 442 (1813). 
Vinago aromatica, var. y , Steph. Gen. Zool. xl. 1, p. 106 (1819). 
Treron aromatica, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 273 (part.) (1826); 
Rchnb. Syn. Av. Coluinbarise, f. 1336 [ex Selby) (1847). 
Coiumba phcenicuptera, part., Wayl. Syst. Av. Coiumba, &p. 1 (1827). 
Vinago aromatica, part, Cuv. Regn. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 492 (1829). 
? Vinago aromatica, Selb. {nee Gm.) Nat. Libr.. Pigeo7i$, p. 95, pi. 1 
(bad) (1835). 
Vinago aromatica, var., Jerd. Madr. Journ. xii. p. 13, n. 287 (1840). 
Treron st. thomse, part., G. M. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 4 (1844). 
Treron malabarica, part., Blyth, Cat. B. Mits. A . S. B. p. 229 (1849); 
Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 130 (1852) ; Layard (nee Jerd), Ann. fy 
Mag. N. H. (2) xiv. p. 58 (1854); Eartl. J.f O. 1854, p. 158; 
Schleg. N. T. D. i. p. 05 (part.) (1863). 
Treron pompadora, Bli/th, J. A . 8. B. xxi. p. 356 (1852), xxiv. p. 479 
(note) (1855); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbia, p. 11 
(1856); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 335; id. J.f 0.1866, p. 277 ; Gieb. 
Tim. Orn. ii. p. 652 (1877); Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 557 
(Madras) (1882) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 46 (1889). 
Osmotreron malabarica, part., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 13 (1854). 
Osmotreron pompadora, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 14 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 875 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 28 (1855); id. Coup 
d'eeil Ordr. Pig. pp. 7, 54, n. 28 (1855); id. Icon. Pig. pi. xi. f. 1 
($) (1857) ; G. R. Gr. Handlist, ii. p. 223, n. 9093 (1870); 
Wald. Tr. Zool. Soe. ix. p. 212 (1875); Hume, Sir. Featk iii. 

p. 162 (1875); Legge, B. of Ceyl. pp. 728, 1218 (1880); Tweedd. 
Orn. Works, p. 376 (1881). 
Treron flavogularis, Blyth, J A. S. B. xxvi. p. 225 (1857) (Ceylon), 

xxxi. 
p. 344 (1802) (Malabar! and Ceylon); Wall. Ibis, 1865, 
E2 

5 2 
TEEROSIDJE. 

p. 375; id. J. f. 0. 18C6. p. 277: GUI. Thes. Orn. iii. p. Gol 
(1877) ; Tristr."Cat. Coll. B. p. 4-3 (Madras !» (1889). 
Osmotreron navomilai'K 
J<?;Y?. I>. of Ind. iii. p. 452 (18041 : Bli/tk. 
Ibis, 1865, p. 45, 1867. p. 14-: G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. ii^>. 

n. 9098 (1870); Eokhir. P. Z. S. 1S72. p. 464: Legye. Ibis, 1874. 
p. 25: Hume, Str. Feath. iii. p. 162 fl-75). 
Osmotreron pompadoura. Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 452 flSG4j: Ho\hn\ 
P. Z. S. 1872. p. 4t55: Leyge. 3is, 1^75. p. tfjy: Hvm*. Mr. Feath. 
V\. p. 414 (1878), uii. p. lOU. n. 777 (lb79*: F. L. Layard, PA>, 
1S8Q, pp. 283, 2b4. 
Treron ponrpadura, Schley. Jfri*. P.-B. Colmnbie. p. 52 flS73j. 

Adult male. Forehead, face, ami lorn rt ir.on jrroenish yellow, 
blending into the purer yellow of the throat and the greeni-h giey 
of the crown and occiput: hind neck and upper mantle greyish 
olive; interscapular region, scapulars, arid smaller wintr-coverts 
chestnut; lower "back, rump, upper tail-eovert>. and central tnl feathers 
olive-green: underparts yellowish green; Hanks olive. 
with the edges of the feathers yellowish whitt ; under t iil-coverN 
whitish, more or less tinged vvith pule huff. edsied with pile yellowish 
green, and with the bases of the leathers speckled with aahy olive; 
quills black, the primaries with narrow yellow edse^ ; ser rmdarie> 
and greater and median wing-coverts also black, -with broad bright 
yellow edges; under wing-coverts and quilU below leid-invy, the 
former with greenish edge**: lateral tail-featht i> grey, \\ it h a black 
hand about the middle, and more or le^ tinned with oli\e at the 
base of the outer webs ; tail below blackish, with a broad errey apical 
band: "iris carmine-red, with a cobalt inner tiivle; eyelid glaucous 
green ; bill glaucous green, paling to bluish on the apical portion ; 
legs and feet purple-red"' {Lujtj*). Length lUiJ to 10*3 inches, 
wing 5*7 to 5 5, tail 3*w to 3*5, bill <WJ, tarsus U*b. 

Female. Forehead and face not >o yellow, but the throat the same 
as in the male : upper surface oiive~i?reen. without the maroon 
mantle, and the white under tail-coveits irecklecl or banded v ith 
green. 

Hob. Ceylon. 
I do not think there is sufficient evidence that this bird has been 
found in Southern India. 

atb. (S 2 ad- sk. Ceylon. Cumins Coll. 
c, dj e. $ $ ad. sk Ceylon, Jan. (S. ChtrjMwn ». Twee I dale Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk.
g. $ ad. sk.
h. 2 ad. sk. 
CVAIon,l)t e. {MtShn. HartBro*.). 
Cevlon. 
S. IVjlun, Aug. ( W. T. Leyye). 
Home Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll 
10. Osmotreron Mvicollis. 

Columba aromatioa, var., Temm. k K?iip, Pig. L p. SO, pi. 0 f 180<H 11): 
Tt?nm. Puj. et Galhn. i. p. 53 (lblo) ;I)e$m. Diet. Se. Nat. xl. p, :>U> 
(1826). 

Columba aromatica, var. d, Tenon. Pig. et GalUn. i. p. 442 (1813). 
Columba fuhicollis, Wa</L Hijtt. Ax. Columba. &p. 8 (lb:27): Schlett. 
Handl. DierJc. i. p. 412 (lb57). 
CulttaibarfWrugiaea, Wttgl (me For&t.) Ms. lBkD3 p. 7^8. 

0. OSMOTEEEON. 
53 

Columba cinnamomea, Temm. (nee Sw.) PL Col. livr. 03 (1835) • 
Schleg. Handl Dierk. I p. 41:2 (1857). ' 

Treron fulvicollis, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Gallinae, p. 3 (1844) • 
id. Gen. B. ii, p. 407, n. 2 (1844); Strickl. P. Z. S. 1846, p. 105 
(Malacca); Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 339 (1849); liclinb. 
Syn. Av. Columb.irite, Nov. I 3309 (1851); G. P. Gr. List B. 

(bumatra); Schleg. 
(1804); Wall. Ibis] 1805, p. 375; Pet. Novara Reis., Voq. pp. 105, 
102 (lb65); Mart. J.f. 0. I860, p. 23; Wall. J.f. 0. 180n, p. 277; 
Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columbte, p. 57 (1873); Scdvad. Ucc. Bom. 

p. 2S3 (1*74); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 051 (1877) ; ? Sharpe, Ibi^ 
1879, p. 265; Bias. Verh.z.-b. Geselkch. Wien, xxxiii.p. GO (1883); 
Hatter, J. f. O. 1*85, p. 352; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (1889) ; 
Everett, Journ. Str. Br. As. Soc. 1889, p. 196 (part) (1889); Sharpe, 
Ibis, 1890, pp. 134, 283 ; Wardl. Bams. Ibis, 1890, p. 2'27; Vordet m. 
X. T. X. 1.1. pp. 405, 501 (1890) (Billiton). 
Treron tenuirostre, Eyt Ann. $ Mag. Nat. Eist. x\i. p. 230 (1845): 
Hartl. Rev. Zool. Ib46, p. 4. 
Treron cinnaniomeum, Low, Sarawak, p. 411 (1848). 
Osmotreron ful\icolh\, part., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 14 (1S54) (Tanna 

excl.); id. Compt. Rend. xxxk. p. b75 (pari.) (1854), xl. p. 210, 

n. 27 (1855) ; id. Coup tVrnil Ordr. Puj. pp. 7, 54, n. 27 (1855); 
Rchnb. Tauben, L p. 103 (part.), t. 2405. f.3369 (1862); G. P. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 223, n. 9094 (1870); IVald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. 
pp. 211, 213 (syn. emend.) (1*75); Hume $ Dav. Str. Feath. vi. 
p. 413 (1878) ; ? Tiratct, Bull. Com. Ayr. et Ind. Cochinch. (3) i. 
p. 141, n. 249 (1879); Hume, Str. Feaih. viii. pp. 67,109 (1879) ; 
Kelh. Ibis, 1881, p. 527 ; Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 375, 376 (1881) ; 
Gates, B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 311 (1883); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, 
p. 433 (Perak); Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. (2) iv. p. 5o7 (1887) 
(Xias); Vorderm. X. T. X. I. xlix. p. 412 (1889); Hem. # 
Itchmo. Xomenct. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 279 (lfc90); Hartert} Kat. 
Vogelsamml. p. 191 (lb91). 
Treron (O&motreron) f nrvicollis, Oust. Bull Soc. Philojn. (8) iv. p. 117 
(1892). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and breast cinnamon, the latter with an 
ochraceous orange tinge; mantle and smaller upper wing-coverts 
purple-chestnut; rump slate-black, shading off into the olive upper 
tail-coverts; abdomen grey tinged with olive-green; sides leaden 
grey; vent canary-yellow with slate-grey spots, base of the feathers 
white ; tibial plames yellow; under tail-coverts cinnamon ; wings, 
except the smaller wing-coverts, black, median and greater wing-
coverts and secondaries edged with bright yellow; tinder surface of 
the wings leaden grey; tail above dull olive, lateral feathers grey, 
with a broad black band towards the apical part, tail underneath 
black with a grey apical band: "iris buffy pink or red; orbital 
skin plumbeous green; edge of the eyelid orange ; upper mandible 
to just beyond nostril and lower mandible to angle of gonys deep 
red, rest of the bill dead white tinged strongly with greenish blue; 
feet purplish pink " (Davison). Total length 10*5 inches, wing 5*7, 
tail 3-75, bill 0*52, tarsus 0*75. 

Female. General colour olive, brighter on the sides of the head 

TBERONID-E. 

and below; pileum grey: chin with a slight rufous tinge ; median 
and greater wing-coverts and secondaries edged with yellow ; feather^ 
of the flanks olive along the centre, and broadly edged with yellowish 
white on both sides ; under tail-coverts pale buff, more or less grejish 
along the middle. 

Hab. Southern Tenasserim. Cochinchina, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, 
Mas, Bangka, Eilliton. and Borneo. 

a-i. S S ad. et Jimm. bk.
k. (S juv. sk.
ly m. 5 acl dx.
w, o. <$ ad. sk. 
Banka*oon, Dec. ( W. 
iJun^on). 
Banka-uon, DeA . { W. 
Dae MM). 
MaLiwouii. Maich, April 
( W. Dachon». 
Ivob^ooiiij May {J. Darling). 
Hume Coll. 
Salvin-Gadiii in <1 ll. 
Hume Cull. 
Hume Cull. 
p. $ ad. hk. Dingrding It., Feb. ( Jr. Hume Coll. 
q, r, s. 6 5 ad. sk.
t. $ ad. sk. 
Salaugr, Feb.. March {J. 
Darling), 
Salanpr, March {J. Dai*-
IIunie Cull. 
Sdl\in-f fu<l nan Cull. 
itj v. S acl. sk.
ling )• 
Klanjr, Mai eh, May ( If". Hume Coll. 
Daviboti\. 
w. <S ad. sk. Malacca, A. Chuilt»mT Fw|. 
P.". 
T. 3 ad sk. 
y, z. S $ ad. sk. 
Perak, 
Jokore. Sept. ( TV. Diri-
L." Wray, RM|. J». . 
Hum** Coll. 
8071). 
a' U. S $ ^d. sk. Sumatra. Wallace ('till, 
c'. <£ ad. sk. >ai\],
d\ ('. cJ ad. et juv.
sk. 
Sumatra 
JBillitun. 
{Raffle). Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coil 
/' . J ad. st.
g'. S ad.sk.
h'. Skeleton. 
Borneo. 
Borneov 
Sumatra. 
LevdenMuteum' I\"\ 
Gould Cull * * 
Purchased. 

11. Osmotreron barainensis. 
Treron fulvicollis, SJiarpe (nee WwfiX P. Z. S. 1881, p. 77i» (Ruiidakan): 
? i?to. Terh. z.-h. Grs. JJ'ww, xxxiii. p. OB (lH*iS); Eeerett, 
Jour. Str. Br. R. As. Sue. lv*9, p. 19<l (part.) (1 Vs9). 

Treron fulvicollis 
baramensis, Jleycr, J. f. O. 1*91, p. 73 (Bar&m, 
Borneo). 

-Afofe. Similar to that of 0. fulvicollis (Wagi), but the neck and 
breast entirely of a chestnut colour, the latter without the ochraceous 
orange tinge. Wing 5-8 inches, tail 3-43, bill 0*55, tardus CHMI. 

Hab. N". Borneo. 

a. S ad. sk. Sandakan, N.E. Borneo. W.B . Pryer,E«q. rG.]. 
?>. <5" ad. &k. Brunei It. Iir. Basset Smith "P.\ 
6. OSMOTREUOF. 
55 

12. Osmotreron teysmani. 
Treron teysmannii, 
Schleg. Not Lexjd, Mus. i. p. 103 (1879) (Sumba 
or Sandalwood Isl.); Bchnw. u. Schal J. f. 0, 1879, p. 425. 

Adult. " Front, throat, rump, and upper tail-coverts greenish 
yellow; underpart of body yellowish green; the middle pair of 
tail-feathers yellowish olive; the other tail-feathers greyish at the 
base, passing into a large band of dark bluish grey, while more 
than the last third of these feathers is of a greyish-white colour, 
which spreads also over the upperside of the other tail-feathers, 
but decreases towards the outer feathers ; under tail-coverts green, 
very broadly margined with fulvous yellowish white; crown and 
sides of the head, neck, small wing-coverts, shoulder-feathers, and 
mantle green with a greyish hue, with the exception of the hinder 
part of the mantle and the hinder shoulder-feathers, which are 
both of a brownish red, inclining to purple; quills black, but the 
tertiaries washed with green; middle wing-coverts black, very 
broadly margined with lemon-yellow, like the tertiaries; great 
wing-coverts with somewhat smaller (edges) and primaries with 
very small yellow margins; entire underside of the wing bluish 
ashy grey""(ScMeffel). <• Wing 6-4 to 6*8 inches, tail 4*2 to 4-5, 
tarsus 1, bill 0*8 *' (Biitt'Jcofer in litt.). 

" This species is very closely allied to 0. psittacea from Timor, 
but it may at once be distinguished by the vinous colour of the 
scapulars and lower mantle, as well as by the more yellow, instead 
of green, face " (B'dttikofer in litt.). 

Hah. Sumba or Sandalwood Island. 

13. Osmotreron psittacea. 
Columba psittacea, Temm, 8r Knip, Pig, L p. 28, pi. 4 (1808) (Timor); 
Temm. Hist. Nat Pig. i. pp. 47, 440 (1813); Vieill N. I). xxvi. 

p. 391 (1818); id. Enc. Meth, i. p. 384 (1823) ; JDesm. Diet Sc. 
Nat xl. p. 365 (1826). 
Vinago psittacea, Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 1, p. 112 (1819); Cuv. Begn. 
An. 2nd ed. i. p. 492 (1829). 
Treron psittacea, 
Steph. Gen. Zool xiv. 1, p. 274 (1826); G. P. Or. 
Gen, B. ii. p. 467, n. 6 (1844); Rchnb. Syn, Av. Novit i 33(58 
(1851) (ex Temminch); Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 10 (1854); id. Compt, 
Bend. xl. p. 216, n. 18 (1855); id. Coup d'mil Ordr. Pig. pp. 5, 54, 

n. 18 (1855); G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbia, p. 12 (1856); 
Mchnb. Tauben, I p. 108, t. 240 £. f. 3368 (1862); Wall. P. Z. S. 
1863, pp. 486,496; id. Ibis, 1865, p. 375; id. J. f, 0.1866, p. 277; 
Schley. N. T. D. iii. p. 212 (1866); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 222, 
n. 9084 (1870); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 59 (1873) (Timor, 
Semao); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. G52 (1877); Pelz. $ Lor. Ann. 
Naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 46 (1888); Hartert, Kat, Vogehamml 
p. 191 (1891). 
Treron psittacina, Wagl Syst Av. Columba, sp. 4 (1827V 
Osmotreron psittacea, Bp, Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 833 (1856). 
Adult male. Yellowish green, with a faint tinge of greyish on the 
mantle; wings and upper tail-covcrts a little brighter; sides and 

f>0 TIUJRONTD-E. 

under surface of the wing* light grey; flanks and vent white 
mingled with green ; under tail-eovoits buffy white, with long 
narrow green dashes along the middle, changing into grey towards 
the base; .smaller wing-coverts along the cubital edge and bond of 
the wing slate-grey ; rest of the smaller wing-coverts yellowish 
green like the back ; quills slate-black; median and greater wing-
covert H and secondaries broadly edged with yellow; tertials and 
longer scapulars grey; central tail-feathers yellowish green, next pair 
yellowish green on the outer web, grey towards the base of the inner 
web, whitish at the tip, before which there is a black spot; remaining 
tail-feathers grey at the base, with a broad greyish-white band at tho 
tip, and a black band about the middle ; tail below grey at the base, 
and with a broad apical white band, and a narrower black band 
about the middle: "iris orange-buff; bill pale greenish, bluish at 
the bane; orbits bare, blue and greenish; feet purple" (Wallace), 
Total length 12*5 inches, wing 0*«3, tail 4*25, bill 0*08, tarsus Q-'J. 

Female. Like the male (Wallace), but a specimen of this sex from 
Semao has the edges of the median and greater wing-coverts and of 
the secondaries paler, yellowish white. 

Hab, Timor and Semao. 

Timor.ruspu [1VI,

a. Ad. &t. Leyden Museum
mm [ 
/>, c. Ad. sk. Timor. J. B. Jukes,. 
d. r? ad bk. Timor Coupong ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
e. <$ ad sk. E. Timor. ' Wallace Coll. 
/. ? ad, sk. Timor, April (II. 0. Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
//. $ ad. sk. ISemao. Wallace Coll. 
14. Osmotreron floris. 
Treron floris, Wall P. Z. S. 1863, pp. 486, 496 (Flores and Solor) ; 
id. Ibis, 1865, p. 376; id. J. f. 0. 18(50, p. 277; Schleq. N. T. I). 

iii. p. 212 (18CG) (Sumbawa) ; O. It (Jr. Hand-list, ii. p. 222, 
n. 9083 (1870); Schleg. Mm. 1\-B. Coluxubffi, p. 59 (1873); Qieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 051 (1877) j Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (1889). 
Similar to 0. psittacea, but smaller, and with the crown tinged 
with grey, paler on the forehead, and with the white under tail-
coverts crossed by narrow zigzag green, bands; tho tertials and 
longer scapulars olive like the back, with no grey tinge ; the yellow-
edges on tho wings paler : " bill greenish load-colour, with the tip 
yellowish; orbits bare; feet reel" (Wallace). Total length 11*5 
inches, wing 6, tail 4*3, bill 0-05. 

Female. Differs from tho male " in tho rather duskier back and 
more green spotted under tail-coverts" (Wallace). 
Jlab. Flores, Solor, and Bumbawa. 

A, b. Ad. sk. Flores. Wallace Coll. 
(Types of species.) 


c. Ad. sk. Flores. Wallace Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Flores (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
<•• Ad. sk. Flores ( Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/*. Ad. sk. Flores (Wallace). Seebolim Coll. 
if-Ad. sk. Solor Wallace Coll. 
6. OSilOTEEROK. 57 
15. Osmotreron Mcincta. 
Columba vernans, Temm. fy Knip {nee Linn.), Pig. pis, 10 ( $), 11 ( P ) 
(1808); Temm, Hist Xat. Pic/. i. pp. 70, 443 (part.) (1813); Deem. 
Diet Sc. Xat. xl. p. 309 (part.) (1826); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, 
sp. 9 (part.).(1827); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 476 (part.) (1831). 

Vinago vernans, part., Steph. Gen. Zool. xl. p. 113 (1819). 

Vinasro bicincta, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xii. p. 13, n. 289 (1840) (<J) ; 
Hartl. Erst. Nachtr. Syst. Verz. p. 16, n. 174 (1846); Jerd. III. 
Ind. Orn. pi. 21 (1847}. 

Yinapro unicoior, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xii. p. 14. n. 289 bis 
(1840) ($). 

Vinago bicincta, Striekl. Ann. £ Mag. N. H. xii. p. 38 (1844). 

Treron vernans, part., G. It. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 7 (1844). 

Treron bicincta, Blyth, J, A. S. B. xiv. 2, p. 851 (1845); id. Cat. B. 

Mus. A. S. B. p. 229, n. 1386 (1849); Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 130 
(1832; ; Layard, Ann. tf Mag. K H (2) xiv. p. ^7 (1854); Hartl. 
J.f.O. 1854, p. 158; G. R Gr. List B. Brit. MILS. Columbae, 

p. 12(1850); Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 150 (Tenasserim), 151 
(Siam) ; Gray, Cat. Hodgs. Coll. B. M. 2nd ed. p. <~6 (1863); 
Schley. xT. f. D. i. p. 70 (1863); Blyth, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 371; 
Wall. Ibis, 1861, pp. 375, 396 ; id. J. f 0.1866, p. 277; Sehleg. 
Mus. P.-B. OolumbflB, p. 51 (1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 650 
{1877) ; Sah. Cat B. Striekl. Coll. p. 557 (1882): Tnstr. Cat 
Coll. B. p. 45 (1889). 

Treron multicolor, Itrhnb. Syn. Av. f.1342 (1847). 

Treron purpurea, G. Ii. Gr. {nee Gm.) Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849). 

Osmotreron bicincta, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 12 (1854); id. Co?npt. 

Mend, xxxix. p. 874 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 22 (1855); id. Coup 
Wceil Ordre Pig. pp. 6, 54, n. 22 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. 

p. 105, t. 266. f. 2874, t. 241. f. 1342 (1862); Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. 
p. 449 (1864); Beav. Ibis, 1868, p. 371; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 223, n. 9(397 (1870); Hume, Ibis, 1870, p. 438; Wald. Tr. 
Zool Soc. viii. p. 114 (1872) (Malacca); Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, 
p. 465; Elwes, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 668; Ball, Str. Feath. ii. p. 423 
(1874) ; Hume, hrests $Eggs, ill p. 493 (1874); Legge, Ibis, 1874, 
p. 25, 1875, p. 399; Blyth $ Wald. B. Burma, p. 144 (1875); 
Hume, Str. Feath. iii. p. 162 (1875): Armstr. Str. Feath. iv. p. 337 
(1876) ; Oaten, Str. Feath. v. p. 163 (1877); Hume $ Davis. Str. 
Feath. vi. pp. 411,414 (1878); Ball, Str. Feath. vii. p. 224 (1878); 
Tiraut, Bull. Com. Ayr. et Ind. Cochimh. (3) i. p. 140, n. 248 (1879) ; 
Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 109, n. 774 (1879); E. L. Layard, Ibis, 
1880, p. 283; Legge, B. of Ceyl. pp. 725,1218 (1881); Tioeedd. Orn. 
Works, p. 211 (1881); dates, Str. Feath. x. p. 235 (1882); id. B. 
of Brit Burm. ii. p. 308 (1883); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 

p. 445 (1883); A. Mull. J. f. O. 1885, p. 159 (Salanga Isl.); 
Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxi. p. 152 (Mergui Archip.) 
(1887); Saload. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) iv. p. 610 (1887); Hume 
$ Cripps, Str. Feath. xi. p. 291 (1888); Hem. fy Rchnw. Nomencl 
Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 279 (1890). 
Osmotreron domvilii, Swinh. Ibis, 1870, p. 354 (Hainan) ; G. M. Gr. 
Handr-list, ii. p. 223, n. 9101 (1870); Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 396; 
Elwes, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 668; David 8? Oust Ois. Chine, p. 380 
(1877). 

Osmotreron domvillei (!), Blyth, B. Burm. p. 144 (1875). 
Treron domvillei, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 651 (1877). 

TREBOXID.E. 

Adult male. Forehead, face, and throat yellowish green, "becoming 
greener on the fore neck and crown, and passing thence into 
delicate grey-blue on the hind neck and upper part of interscapular 
region; back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and tertials brownish 
green, passing into greenish brown on the upper tail-coverts ; quills 
ashy black, the greater coverts and lowermost tertials with primrose-
yellow margins; primaries and secondaries with narrow 
yellowish-white margins ; tail bluish ashy, with a median dark 
band and the terminal band lighter than the base, and showing 
whitish beneath; a narrow lilac band across the upper part of che>t, 
succeeded by a broader band of orange-sienna: breast yellowish 
green, passing into yellow on the abdomen, and Into bluish cinereous 
on the flanks; centres of tibial plumes ashy green, and the 
margins yellowish; under tall-coverts cinnamon, the basal feathers 
with white outer edges; under wing-coverts coneolorous with the 
flanks : " legs and feet carnation pink ; bill pale greenish, or bluish. 
white; irides with an Inner ring of bright blue, and an outer ring 
of buffy pink" (Davison). Total length 11-12-12-12 Inches, wing 
642-6-75, tail 3*75-4*5, bill 0*55, tarsus OK5-1. 

Female. Has the blue of the hind neck of les^ extent, but dirk**r 
than the male ; the upper surface is more overcast with brownish ; 
the chest wants the lilac and orange bands : under tail-coverts 
whitish, the inner webs mostly cinnamon, and the bases of the 
feathers dappled with ashy. 

Young. Similar to the female: " outer circle of the iris reddish 
yellow " (Legge). 
Specimens from Ceylon are smaller: tklength 10-3-10*6, wing 
5*5-5-8, tail 3*6-3*8 ^ {Legge). 

Hah. Sub-Himalayan region, Eastern Central Provinces of India 
and Burmese countries, as far east as Coehinchina and Hainan. 
and also the Malay Peninsula, with the island of Salanga, and 

Ceylon. 
a, k £ ad. sk. Ceylon, March ($. Chapman). Tweeddale Coll. 
c-f. S ad. sk.
(j. J ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Ceylon (JV>w7/). 
Ceylon (Messrs. Hart Bros.). 
Madras. 
Tweeddale Call. 
Hume Coll. 
Rev. II. II. Baber 
?, h. $ J ad. sk. Madras.
[P.]. 
Dr. T. C. Jerdon 
[P.]. (Types of 
species.) 

I, nu n. (S 2 ad. Maunbhoom, Jan., March, Dec. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. (B. C. Beamn). 

o. 2 ad. sk. Nepal (Hodgson). India Museum ~JP.\ 
p. <$ ad. sk. Bkoun Dears, April (L. Man- Hume Coll 
delli). 
q, r. 3 ad. sk. Tipperah, March, April Hume Coll 
<s, t. <$ ad. sk. Dacca. * Hume Coll. 
u, v. <$ ad. sk. Suddya, April (J. Cocklmrn). Hume Coll. 
w, x, y. $ ad. sk. DIbrugkur, April, May (J. It Hume Coll 

Cripps). 

6. OSMOTBEEON. 
,z, a',b'. tf J ad.
sk. 
c',d'. <$ J ad. sk, 

e'jf. <J ad. sk. 

,</, hr. $ ad. sk. 

i'. g ad. sk. 
h\ l\ m'. S 2 a(*. 
sk. 
n\ (S ad. sk. 

o'. 5 ad. sk. 
//. J ad. sk. 

q'. (S ad. sk. 

r'. 2 ad. sk. 

s'. <$ ad. sk. 

t'. d1 ad. sk. 
u'. J ad. sk. 
v'. cJ ad. sk. 
w',x',y'. 3 $ ad. 

sk. 
s'. d ad. sk. 

&", J". $ ad. sk. 

c". cJ ad. sk. 

d". 2 ad. sk. 

e"-h". S 2 a(^-fiki'\ 
S ad. sk. 
tt'-o". rf 2 a<*


sk. 
p",q",r'\ <$ ad. 
sk. 
5", t". 2 ad. et 

d imm. sk. 
u". 2 ad. sk. 
v",w",x". cS 2 

ad. sk. 
y"-b\ 6 2 ad. 

sk. 
c3. 2 ad. sk. 
d\ 2 ad. sk. 
<j3. J ad. sk. 
A,?3. c?2ad. 

sk. 

hz 

. Skeleton. 

 Dollali, April (J. Cockburn). 

Cachar, April & May (/. In(/
lis). 
Tonghoo, Oct. & Dec. (R. G. 

W. JR.). 
Lower Pegu, April. 

Pegu, Dec. (5. a W. JR.). 

N. Pegu, Feb. (£T. JF. Oata). 
Rangoon. 
China Ba Keer, Dec. (J. Armstrong), 
Elephant Point, Jan. (J. Armstrong). 


Pigeon'b Island, Feb. 
Kyouk Phyou, April (J. Arm


strong). 
Pahpoon, Jan. (W. Davison). 
Kaukaryit, Oct. (J. Darling). 
Myawad.ee, Jan. ( W. Davison). 
Attaran E., March (W. Davi


son). 
Moulmein, March (W. Davison). 
Pabybuk, March (W. Davi


son). 
Assoon, March ( W. Damson). 
Wanghraw Creek, Feb. (/. 

Armstrong). 
Karope, March (W. Davison). 
Karope, March (TV. Davison). 
Amherst, Jan. ( W. Davison). 

Tavoy, April, May, Dec. (W. 
Davison). 
Mergui, Dec. (TV. Davison). 

Mergui, Jan. (W. Davison). 
Pakchan, Jan. ( W. Davison). 

Malawoon, Jan., Feb. (W. 
Davison). 

Malacca, July. 
Siani (Schomburgh). 
Hainan, Feb. (JR. Sioinhoe). 
Hainan, Feb. (JR. SwinJioe). 


(Types of 0. domvilii, Swinh.) 
Madras. Purchased. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

E. W. Oates, E>q. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


E. W. Oates, E*q. 
[0.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 

60 
TBER02JIDJ2. 

16. Osraotreron vernans. 
Colurnba viridis philippinensis, Briss. Orn. i. p. 14-3, t. 11. f. 1 
(1760). 
Colurnba vernans, Linn. Mont. p. ~>20 (1771) {ex Brissom ; Gm. 8. 

X. i. 2, p. 789, n. CO (17febj; Z«//z. J/K?. Orn. ii. p. 590, a. 22 
(1790); Borm.Enc. Meth. i. p. 239 (1790» : Ttmm. Hi*r. Xat. 
Pig. i. pp. 70,443 (part.) UKL3): Vieill X. D. x\\ i. p. :^2 (l^l^j; 
JTor.s/: TV-. Z*/w. >SV>c. xiii. 1, p. 1^2 (1-21)(Java!; Bnjfi. Jr. Lmn. 
6'oc/xiii. 2, p. 31^ (1*22): 1>^ . !>*>/. i&V. Xat.\\. p. 309 
(part.) (Ls26); Tfhv//. A>/>f. .ir. CMuml a, -p. 9 (lb27M>sn. 
emend.): Bosenb. Vci si. Eil. 3V/s p. '20 |1*—f). 
Pigeon \ert des Philippine, B'AuUnt, Ii. Enl. 1SK; P/'jf. JTAf. 
X«£. Ok ii. p. 527 (i7fcl). 

Colurnba viridi«, X. & J/w//. (/?*c Linn,) 8. X. Stqph p. 132 (17701 
(e# Daubenton); >SV'o/x lie/. P7w*. cf Faun. In^uhr. ii. p. 91, n 95 
(1786) (&r Sonnerat); Cass. Br. Ac. Bkilad. 1M"4, p. i»4^. 

Pig-eon verd de l'Me de Lue«»n et d'Antisrue, Sum. Vof/. Xutt<\ 
Gain, p. 110, pK 64 ( f », 65 ( O ) (17701. " 

Purple Pigeon, Broicn, IlluUr. \). 42, pi. 1K <1770f f.Tt^a : JW/i, 
%w. ii. 2, p. 02$, n. 7<^ (17e3); id. G«n. Hint, uii. p. 70 < 1H23 . 
Parrot Pigeon, Lath, Syn. ii. 2, p. t'29, n. lU |17H3i: *>/. f^-4. ///»/. 

\hi. p. 75 (1823). 

Colurnba purpurea, Gm. 8. X. i. 2, p. 7-4, n. 61 (17-N ; Lath. I ml, 
Om. ii. p. .399, n. 20 (1790); Bonn. Eur. Mt'th. i. p. 2!L ]l 7-. 
1 1 (1790); Vieill. X. I), xwi. p. ;io«.» (l-i K); Z* *//*. -W</. *V. 
JYajf. xl. p. 374 (1*20); PoW,. J7W. PW. A7w, p. 20 il-—rj. 

Vinago vernans, Cia\ llty/i. An. i. p. 457 (1K17| ; Sttjth* Gm, /W. 

vi. p. 113 (part.) (1*19); Cur. llupi. An. 2nd »»d. i. p. 4i»2(-\n. 
emend.) (Ib29); Eyt. B, Z. 8, 1-39, p. 107 (Makeeaf. 
Treron 
vernans, Steph. Gen. Zool. \i\. 1, p. 274 (l-20f; ^V. 2i*. Gr. 
Gm. B. ii. p. 467, n. 7 {part.) (1^44); 8frieM. Ann. ^ Jiffy. X. II, 

xiii. p. 38 (part) (1544); Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. i>, p. t'il (ls4">); 
Ittlmb.Syn. Av. ff. 1340-41 (1^47); 3I»fl. $ Lilbc. V*>ntr. Xat. 
Hid. Lab. p. 30 (lboo); C«s<f. JV^rr Ejptrh Amer. 8ptwh\ etc. 
p. 243 (18o0); id. J. f.'O. 1N"^, p. 450: ^f. i?. ^'r. P./ . tf. 1M;0, 
p. 360; Wall. Ibis, l8<»:j, p. 320: tfctof. P. ^.& l^ti3, p. 220; 
8cltley. X. T. L). i. p. 70 (1&U3) ; it?. De Dierent. p. i>ll (1^)4); 
Belz. Xovara JRei*e, Vo'y. p. 105 (lvf"5j; N( Meg. Mu,% B.-B. 
Columbse, p. 49 (lb73l; 8altad. Ccr.Bwn. p.i^li (1^74); Sharp?9 
P. Z. S.1&75, p. 110 ; Bruggem. Ahk. naf. Vrr. Brem. v. p. 79 (r«r.f 
Borneo) (187U), pp. 4<>1, 529 (^77): (rub. The®. Orn. ill p. 652 
(1877); Eosmb. Malay. Archip. p. (> (1^7^); Sharpe, P. #. 6'. 
1879, p. 348; Pfos. c/a/«*. T>r. JW. Brati/mlnc. IN^I, p. 59 * Sharp?t 
P. Z. /S'. 1881, p. 799; Vtmhrm. X. T. X. I. xiii. p. fc9 (LHM>) 
(Java); &/^. Cat. B, StrhhL Call, p. 556 (lbM*f; Sndkm.Sum.Etp.
9 Vogels, p. 47 (1884); Giniiem. P. #. *S'. l^h"). p. 509 (Sumbawa); 
Vorderm. X. T. X. I. xlv.p.397 f lh8Uj; Buttik. Xot. Leytl. 
Mm. ix. p. 75 (1886); Vorderm. X T. X. I. xlvi. p. 235 (lft8ti); 
Bias. Ornis, iv. p. 316 (1888); Ererett, P Z. 8. 18-9, p. 225; id. 
Journ. Str. Br. B. As. Soc. 1889, p. 196; Trkfr, Cat. Call B. 
p. 
46 (18&9); Vorderm. X. T. X. L 1. p. 501 (1&90) (Billiton): 
Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp.!34,2fc3. 
Colurnba vernans, var., Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 426 (1831). 
Treron viridis, Myth, Cat. B. Mm, A. 8. B. p. 229, n. 1387 (1849) 

(Malacca, Pinang); G. It Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columbce, p. 12 

6. OSMLOrREBOS. 
(1856); ? Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 151 (Siam); Wall. Ibis, 1865, 

p. 374; id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 277; Mart. J. f. 0. 1886, p. 23; 
Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 220 (1878); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th 
ed. p. 445 (1883). 
Osmotreron 
vernans, Bp. Oomp. Av. ii. p. 12 (1854); id. Compf. 
Mend, xxxix. p. 874 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 23 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 6, 54, n. 23 (1855); id. Icon, des Pig. pi. xiii. 
(1857); Pehnb. Tauben, i. p. 105, t. 241. ff. 1340-41 (1862), ii. p. 180 
(1862); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. 2, pp. 81, 113(1872); Soma, 
Mm. Nac. Lisb. OolumboB, p. 7 (1873); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. 
pp. 210, 251 (1875) (Luzon) ; Sharpe, Tr, Linn. Soc, Zool.i. p.346 
(Panay) (1876) ; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 321 (Lampong) ; id. 

P. Z. S. 1877, p. 764 (Cebu), 1878, p. 623 (Palawan), 1878,' p. 951 
(Mindanao) ; Hume § Davis. Str. Feath. vi. p. 411 (1878); Hzmie, 
t. c. p. 414 (1878); id. Str. Feath. viii. pp. 67,109 (1879); Tweedd. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 73 (Basilan) ; Sharpe,P. Z. S. 1879. p. 315 (Sooloo); 
Tiraut, Bull. Com. Ayr. et Ind. Cochinch. (3) i. p. 140, n. 247 (1879); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 242 (1879) (Sumatra); Tweedd. 
Orn. Works, pp. 182, 211, 374, 412, 503. 537, 618, 623, 642, 650 
(1881); Wardl Earns. Tweedd. Orn. Works, App. p. 659 (1881); 
Kelh. Ibis, 1881, p. 526 (Pevak); Salvad Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. 
p. 3 (1882); Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 65 ; Bias. J.f.O. 1883, p. 138 
(Celebes); Oates, B. Brit. Bvrm. ii. p. 309 (1883); Gailkm. P. Z. S. 
1885, pp. 268, 416, 509 (Sumbawa); Bias. Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 
1886, p. 127 (Celebes); Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool.xxl p. 152 
(1887) (Mergui Archip.); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) iv. 
pp. 523 (Sumatra), 557 (Nias) (1887); Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 202 ; 
Torderm. N. T N. I. xlix. p. 412 (1889); Hartert, J, f. O. 1889, 
p. 376; Whitehead, Ibi% 1890, p. 56 (Palawan); Steere, List B. $ 
M. Steere Exp. p. 24(1890) (Paragna, Mindanao, Guimaras, Panay, 
Siguijor, Luzon); Hartert, Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 191 (1891). 
Osmotreron viridis, Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 465 (Malacca, Pinang): 

G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 223, u. 9096 (1870) ; Hume, Str. Feath. 
i. p. 461 (1873) (Acheen), iii. p. 162 (1875); Blyili, B. Burm. p. 144 
(1875); A. Midler, J. f. O. 1882, p. 431 (Salanga Isl.), 1885, 
p. 159 (Salanga); Hem. fy Rchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. 
p. 279 (1890). 
Treron griseicapilla, Schleq. N. T. D. i. p. 70 (1863) (Sumatra, . 
Bangka); Salvad. TJcc. Bom. p. 288 (1874). 
Treron vernalis (errore), Pelz. Novara Peise, Vb'g. p. 176 (Index) 
(1865). 
Treron (Osmotreron) vernans, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xxxix. 2, p. 330 
(1870); Oust. Bull. Soc. Philom. (8) iv. p. 117 (1892). 
Treron 
chlorops, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 288 (1874) (Celebes and 
Java). 

Adult male. Green; head, chin, and throat grey; forehead, sides 
of the head, and throat with a faint greenish tinge ; neck all round 
vinaceous purple; on the breast a deep orange band or patch; abdomen 
yellowish green; sides and wing-lining pale slate-grey ; flanks 
and vent-feathers pale yellow, mingled with grey; tibial plumes 
pale yellow; under tail-coverts chestnut; mantle, back, and smaller 
and median upper wing-coverts dull grass-green; upper tail-coverts 
tinged with rufescent; primaries, secondaries, and their greater 
coverts black ; greater wing-coverts and tertiaries broadly margined 
with pale yellow ; tail-feathers dark slate-grey, all but the central 

62 TRERONIDJE. 

ones with a "broad subterminal black band, a trace of the same on 

the central feathers; tail with a narrow grey tipping; tail below 

black, with a narrow grey tipping: 44irides with three rings, the 

outer one rose-pink, the next Prussian blue, the innermost ultra


marine-blue ; bill pale plumbeous ; cere dirty yellow ; het carnation 

pink, or pale lake-red '' {Davison). Total length 1«J*75 to 11 inches, 

wing Q"25 to 5-bo, tail 3*5 to 4. bill t<-56, tarsus 0-S3. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the head, neck, and 
breast green, with a dull yellowith tinge on the forehead, sides of 
the head, throat, and breast; besides the under tail-coverts are 
buffibh white, more or less suffused, generally on the inntr web, but 
sometimes on both, with pale dull cinnamon, which again is often 
freckled or powdered in patches with dark grey or greenish grey ; 
no grey on the head, no vinous colour round the neck, and no orange 
patch on the breast. 

Young male. Resembles the female, but with some trar-e of the 
vinaceous purple colour on the neck, and of the brown orange on the 
breast. 

Young female. Has the rufeseerit colour of the upper iail-eoveris 
scarcely visible, and the central tail-feather^ more or less tinged 
with green. 

Some specimens have the forehead and throat more or le-s tinged 
with greenish, but they are not confined to a particular locality. 
I have seen in the Museum of Paris a variety entirely of a 
canary-yellow. 

Hah. Siam and Cochinchina, south of lena^serim, Malay Peninsula, 
and also Sumatra, Xias, Hangka, Bilhton, Java, Stimbawa, 
Borneo, the Philippines, iSulu Islands, and Celebes. 

a. S ad. sk. Siam (Mouhot). Gould Coll. 
Z>, c. cS ad. sk. Siam. Purchased. 
d. d ad. sk. Siam. Seeboiim Coll. 
e,f,g. g ad.sk. Cochinchina. M. St. Pienv P.]. 
h* <$ ad. sk. Cambjdja. Tweed* lale Coll. "* 
i-o. S $ ^d. sk. Mergui/Jan., Feb.. Nov., Dec. Hume Coll. 
( W. Davison), 
p. $ ad. st Tena>serini. J. 1). C. Packman, 
Esq. (P.™ 
q-t. d ? ad. sk. Pakchan. Jan. {W. Banwn). Hume Coll. 
M, v. § ad. &k- BankaMjom April { W. Dad- Hume Coll. 

son), 
w-b\ $ $. ad. et Malavioon, Jan., Feb., April Hume Coll. 
J juv. sk. ( W. Damson). 
c'-/'. c? $ ad.et Kobsoon, April, May, July Hume Coll. 
2jtiv.sk. (J. Darting), 
g', h'. d ad. sk. Selangore, l)ec.? Jan. (IF. Hume Coll. 
Daviso7i)t 
i'~q\ <$ ad. sk. Klang, Jan., Feb., March, Hume Cull. 

May-July (W. Dadson). 
r'. S ad. sk. Pinang* {Cantor). India Museum [P.~. 
s'. $ ad. sk. Pinang. Wallace Coll. 
t'. $ ad. sk. Pinang (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.* 

0 . OSMOTBEEOK. 
u'-dn. d $ ad. et 

d imm. sk. 
e". § ad. sk. 
f". d ad. sk. 
>",A". 6 2 ad. 

sk. 
i". d ad. sk. 

k". d ad. sk. 

/", m". d ad. sk. 

«". $ ad. sk. 

o",p". $ ad. sk. 
et st. 
q"-t". d 2 ad. 
sk. 
u",v",w". d 2 
ad. sk. 

^",y",«". c?2 

ad. sk. 

a3, c? ad. sk. 
ad. sk. 
^3. c? ad. sk. 


f3 

. 2 ad. sk. 
>3-7v3. J 2 ad. sk. 

I3 3 

, m. & ad. sk. 

n\ d ad. sk. 

o3. cJ ad. sk. 
^>3. d juv. sk. 
</\ r3. d ad. sk. 
s3. c? ad. sk. 

t3 3 

, u. d 2 ad. sk. 
v3. d ad. sk. 
w3. d ad. sk. 

a3, d ad. sk. 
j/ 3. d ad. sk. 


s> 4 . d 2ad.sk. 
bK 2 ad. sk. 

c\dK d 2ad.sk. 

e\f\d 2ad.sk. 
et st. 
(/K 2 ad. sk. 

Hume Ooll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Ooll. 

Hume Ooll. 

Hume Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

A. McKinlay, Esq. 
Hume Coll. 

A. 
Charlton. Esq. 
[p.]. 
Hume Coll. 

India Museum [P.], 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

India Museum. 

Wallace Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

J. Inskipp, Esq. [P.]. 
Purchased. 
India Museum [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 

Dr. Bassett Smith 

[p.]. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

A. McKinlay, Esq. 
Cuming Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Prof. Steere [C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Salary, Feb., July (J". -Da?'


ling). 
Tongkah, Jan. (J. Darling). 
Taroar, Feb. (*£ Darling). 
Tapraw; April (J. Darling). 

Ding ding E.; Feb. (W. Davison). 
Dingding E., Feb. (W, Davison). 


Ding ding E.; Feb. 

Pulo Seban, Oct. (W. Davison). 


Malacca. 

Malacca, July. 

Malacca (Cantor). 

Malacca, Aug. (JR. G. W. B.). 

Malacca. 
Singapore I&L, Feb., Dec. (W. 

Davison). 
Sumatra (Baffles). 
Sumatra. 
Sumatra (C. Bock). 
Acheen, Smnatia, Feb. (W. 

Davison). 
Lamponp:, S.E. Sumatra (32. C. 
Buxton). 

Java, 
Java. 
Java (JBJorsjield). 
Labuan. 
Labuan (Low). 
Labuan (Low). 
Belidah, Sarawak, May (A. 33J. 


Deereft). 

Sarawak. 
Brunei E. 

N.E. Borneo. 
Papar, 
N. Borneo (A. 31. 
Everett). 

Omadal Is. 

Philippine Is. 

Palawan, Jan. (A. 31. Everett). 

A4, iK d 2 ad. sk. Manilla (Maitland JBJeriot). 
h4*. d ad. sk. Manilla. 
IK 2 ad. sk. Luzon, April (A. B. Meyer). 
m%. d ad. sk. Panay. 
w4, o*. d 2 ad. N. Bohol, Oct. (A. 33. Everett). 

sk. 

TKER0XID31 

p*. $ ad. sk. 

ad. sk. 
^w4.c?$ad. sk. 

t?*. c? ad. sk. 

tv\ 2 ad. sk. 

A K 2 ad. sk. 

?/L,£l,«5-c5" ad.sk. 

b\ $ ad. sk. 

c%d\e\ 6 2 ad. 

sk. 
/ 3 . Skeleton. 
7/\ Skeleton. 

/f\ Skeleton. 

Cebu, April (A. II. Everett). 
Mactan, Aug. (.4. 17. Everett), 

Zamboanga, March, May (Jt. 

77. Everett). 
Zamboansa, Apiil ( A 77. 
Banian, May f.-i. II Everett). 
Suln Is. (Burhhhjr). 
Maka-sar. 
Maka^ar ( Wollnu*). 
Celebes. 


Java. 
Java. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvln-Godman C* >11. 

Tweeddale OIL 

II. Teltcll,]::^.-?.". 
"Wallace Coll. 
Gould Coil. 
Tweeddale C JIL 
Purchased. 
Puivha^-d. 
Zoulojrical S-c. OIL 


17. Osmotreron olax. 
Columba 
olax, Temm. PL Col. 241 < livr. 41. 1^23i (Sumatiat: 
Ees?n. Bkt. So. Nat. xl. p. 370 {l^i'fii ; Wnt/I. St/^f. Ai\ Col-nnba, 
sp. 10 (lb'27\; Zest. Tr. d'Oni. p 470 < Isjj'j; Prtr. & Kmp. P/y. 

ii. p. 23, pl/l2( 183^-43). 
Treron olax, Steph. Gen. Zoul. xiv. 1, p. 273 (1^-JlU; O. 1L Or. Of a. 
B. ii. p. 467, n. 3 (lb44); Ilthnb. Si/n. Ar. ft. 133--31* (W7»: 
G. It. Or. Liti IJ. Brit. Mm. <\ilWbii\ p. 11 lIS>t>»: W<//. 
P. £. >Sl 1^03, p. 220 (Borneo): Mil*/. X 71 Ii. 1 p. iV i 1M{;J» 
(Java, Borneo, Sumatra); Wall. Ibis, 1HH3, p. 320 (Mula<vu>; 
«?. 2&/*$ ltsUo, p. 375 ; z//. J"./. 0.1MU>, p. 277 ; &•///<//. 37«s\ p.-U. 
Oolumbae, p. 50 (lb73); Sab-ad. Vie. Bom. p. 2H9 fls74i; 
Sharpe, Ibis, IbTG, p. 51; 67t7>. 77***. Or//, ill. p. 051 U S77|; 
liosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 10^ (lb7^j; Sharpe, P. Z #. lH7if, 
p. 348 (Labuan); id. Ibis, 1ST9, p. i^>>; JKrl/mm, Ibii, lr\l, 
p. 525; Bias. 4* i\Vf;\ Jfl/*/\ Ver. Xaf. Braumsehr. lHbl. p. oil 
(Jambusan); #«/?. C«£. P . StrickL. Coll. p. 55*> cl^2f: XkJtok, 
Ibis, 188:1 p. 90; Vorderm. X. 71 A". J. xhi. p. 235 (IbSO); P>fc. 
4* Lor. Ann. Xaturh. Hofmw ill. p. 40 i lH,?b >; Vorderm. A* 71 
AT. I xlix. p. 412 (1^9); Everett, Jovrn. titr. Br. II. As. Otoe. 
1889, p. 190; Tristr. Cat. Cull. B. p. 45 fl.^9). 
Alnago olax, Car. llh/n. An. 1. p. 4i»i (1-29): Ei/f. P. Z. S. ls)9, 

p. 107 (Malacca); Marti Syst. Verz. Bretn. p. 9H |1^44|. 
Osmotreron olax, P/?. 
Consp. A v. Ii. p. 15 (lb54| (Java}; /ir/. Compt. 
Mend, xxxix. p. 874 {18541, xl. p. 210, n. 29 (Jb55); id. Coup 
(Fail Ordr. Pig. pp. 0, 54, n. 29 (lb55|; J/owv, P. '/. >V. L^5(i. 

p. 4(15 (Malacca); RcJmb. Tavhm, l. p. 103, t. 241, ff. 1S3H^<J 
(1862), ii. p. 180 (1862); O. It Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 22X n. iKB»o 
(1870); jSc/KSflr, J/KS. A?/C. ZZVA Columbae. ]). 7 (lb73) ; Wattt. Tr. 
Zool Soc. ix. p. 212 (1875): Tweedd. Ibis, lb77, p. ii21; JP/»?^, titr. 
Feath. viii. p. 07 (1870) (Malacca, l*ulo Seban, Nealy^, Jolinre, 
Singapore) j Ticeedd. Orn. Works, vn. #70, 503 (1HM); Xieliok. 
Ibis, 1882, p. 64; Salvad. Dm. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 3 (1^2); 
Guillem. F.Z. 8. 18<5, p. 410 (Silam); Uarteri, J.f. 0. 1*^ 
p. 376: Hezn. 4* lichmv. XomencL Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 27'* 
(1890); Hartertj Hat. J\f/eham?nL f, IVl (1891). 
Treron 
(OMiiotreron) olax, titoiiezka, J. A. & P. xxxix. 2, p. 330 
(1870) (Wellesley Province and Pinang). 

6. OSMOTRBRON. 65 
Adult male. Head, nape, throat, rump, upper tail-coverls, and 

flanks slate-grey, paler on the forehead and thrdat; mantle and 

smaller upper wing-coverts dark purple-chestnut, rest of the wing 

above black; median and greater wing-coverts and secondaries 

narrowly edged with pale yellow ; breast with a buff-orange patch ; 

lower breast and abdomen olive-green; tibial plumes buff; vent 

pale cinnamon, mingled with slate-green ; under tail-coverts cinna


mon ; tail above slate-black with an apical leaden-grey band, under


neath black with an apical grey band : " iris white, bill pale greenish 

horn-colour, base pale olive; feet coral-red" (Wallace). Total 

length about 8 inches, wing 4*8, tail 2-9, bill 0*49, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Crown leaden grey; sides of the head greenish grey; 

throat whitish grey; hind neck and the rest of the upper parts 

dark olive-green; upper wing-coverts like the back; rest of the 

wing as in the male ; underparts dull green, brighter on the upper 

breast; sides of the vent whitish mingled with dark green ; under 

tail-coverts buffy white, with the centre dark grey; tail as in the 

male. 

Ilab. Malay Peninsula from "Wellesley Province, Sumatra, 

Borneo, and Java (?). I have not seen specimens from the latter 

locality. 

a, b. cT 2 ad. sk. Kossoom, June {J. Darling). Hume Coll. 

c-k. <S $ ad. sk. Selangore, March, April, Hume Coll. 

July, Nov. ( W. Davison). 

l-m. S ? ad. et Klang, March, May, June, Hume Coll. 

imm. sk. Sept. (W. Davison). 

ri. c? ad. sk. Penang*. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

o'-/. S ad. sk. Malacca, Jan., July, Aug. Hume Coll. 

s'} t'. $ ad. sk. Ohohonp-, Malacca, Oct. Hume Coll. 

(W. Davison). 
u, v', w\ <$ $ ad. sk. Malacca, Aug. {E.G. W.E.). Tweeddale Coll. 
x', y'>t6 ? ad.sk, Malacca. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a'. <$ juv. sk. Malacca (Griffiths). India Museum [P.], 
a". S ad. sk. Malacca. Gould Coll. 
b"> c". $ ad. sk. Neealys near Malacca, Oct. Hume Coll. 
( W. Davison). 
d"-z". (J J ad. Johore, March, July, Aug., Hume Coll. 
imm. et juv. sk. Sept. (W. Davison). 
a3. J ad. sk. Singapore Is., Jan. (IF, Hume Coll. 


Davison). 
b\ d\ S 2 ad. sk. Sumatra. Wallace Coll. 
d\ d ad. sk. S umatra ( Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
e'K tf ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra Tweeddale Coll. 

(E. C. Buxton). 
f*. <J ad. sk. Labuan (Low). Sharpe Coll. 
ff3. J ad. sk. Lawas. II. Veitoh, Esq. [P.]. 
'ivK <$ ad. sk. Sibruco River, N. Borneo. A.McKinlay,Esq. [P.]. 
VOL. XXI. F 

TEER0SID-2E. 

7. PHABOTEEEOF. TT e 
Phapitreron, Bp. Consp. Ai\ ii. p. 2S (1854)* : # . Cb?;2/?f. 

i2md xxxix. p. S79 (1S54) P. leucotk 
Phapiscus, Sund. Meth. Sat. Ai\ Disp. Teat, p. 99 |1^7^| P. leueOi*. 
Phabotreron, Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 214 (1575) 

(=Phapitreron). 
Phabisca, £afr. (?) Ibis, General Index, pp. 300, 305 (1879). 


Range. Philippine Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Under tail-coverts buff or light cinnamon amethjsfina, p. 06. 
b. 
Under tail-coverts pale French-grey. 
b'. Throat and cheeks deep ruddy fulvous. 
a". Throat of a deeper colour, almost cinnamon ; 
occiput dull amethystine rufous leucoti*. p. 67. 
b". Throat rufous* vinaceous; occiput bright 
coppery amethystine orcipifrfli** p. r\ 
b'. Throat ana* cheeks pale fulvoua. 
e". Forehead greush; occiput metallic trrpfn, 
seldom with an ameth\ «tinp tinge; liirht 
streak under the eye* clnmjriniriiitofulsou"* 
on the ear-coverts nigral urn, p. *K 

d". 
Forehead pale fulvous, with a .^liirht rufuu* 
tinge: occiput always with an aniethy stine 
tinge; light streak under the eyea white, 
albo on the ear-coverts breviru6fri^ p. 00. 

1. Phabotreron amethystiaa. 
Phapitreron amethy&tina, Bp. Consp. Ar. il. p. 2^(18541; id. Compt. 
Rend. xl. pp. 214, 217, n. 64 (1>55); id. Covp d'ail Ot'dre Pig. 
pp. 52, 55, n. 64 (1S55); llehah. TaubenA. p. 01 (1H52); G. It 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 240, n. 1433 (1^70j; Wald. Tr. Zool. &t*c. ix. 

p. 251 (lfc75); Elliot, P. Z. & 1ST:?, p. 303; Ttcudd. Ortu Works, 
pp. 378; 4123 pi. xxxiv. f. 2(1^1). 
Phaps aniethy ^tina, G. IL Gr. Lid B. Brit. Mi/*. ColumWe, p. 62 
(1856;; Gieb. The*. Dm. iii. p. &<J (1K77J. 
Ptilonopus amethvstina, Wall. Hit, l&tjo, pp. :i^2? 307; id. J.f.O. 
lSiSG, p. 279. 
Phaps (Phapitreron) amethy>tina, Mart. J.f. 0.1866, p. 24. 
Chlorcenas amethystina, Sc/deg. Mns. P.-B. Colnmbie, p. fcO (1873). 
Phabotreron amethyst ina, Wald. Tr. Zool. Sac. ix. p. 214? pi. xxxiv. 

f. 2 (Luzon) (1&75); S/iarpe, Tr. Linn. Soc.% Zool. i. p. 353 
(1876); Tweedd. P.'Z. 6\ 1877, p. b32 (X.E. Mindanao I L^78, 
p. 113 (Dinagat), p. 3&1 (Panaoii); id. Orn. Works, pp. #7b, 400, 
558, 572, 604 (1881); Wardl. Rams. ibid. p. 059 (lsblj; »««, 
Zw£ PMlipp. Birds, p. 24 (ISamar, Le\te) (1**K)). 
a'lcZiJ^. Brown; hind neck of a beautiful amethystine colour; 

* Quid Dendrcpliaps, Blyth (ubi?j, genub Tnroaidarvm alis brevisfaiiuis ? 
(Bp. Con&p. Av. ii. p. 28). 
7. PHABOTRERCW. 
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts with bronze reflections; from 
the gape, passing below the eye, a black line, bordered underneath 
by a white line starting from the base of the lower mandible and 
reaching beyond the ear-coverts; throat reddish; breast and 
abdomen greyish brown, shining with amethystine; under tail-
coverts buff or light cinnamon ; tail brown with a dull purple tinge 
and with a broad apical grey band: " iris warm orange-brown; 
bill black; feet carmine ; nails grey " (Everett). Total length 10*5 
inches, wing 5>75, tail 3-6, bill 085, tarsus 0-85. 

. Hah. Philippine Islands—Luzon, Samar, Ley to, Dinagat, Panaon, 

Mindanao. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. $ ad. bk.
c. J ad. sk.
d. 2 ad. sk.
e,f. d ad. sk. 
Philippine Islands. 
Luzon, April (A. B. Meyer). 
Dinagat Is., June (A. II. Everett). 
Panaon, Sept. (A. H. Everett). 
Butuan, May (A. II Everett). 
Verreaux Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

2. Phabotreron leucotis. 
Columba leucotis, 
Temm. PL Col 189 (Manilla) (livr. 32, 1823); 
JDesm. Diet Sc. Nat. xl. p. 338 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, 
sp. 60 (1827); less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 471 (1831); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 470, n. 28 (1844) ; Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbaria, f. 1259 
(1847); Hartl.J.f. 0. 1854, 13. Ixv. 
Goura ? leucotis, Steph. Gen. Zool xiv, p. 295 (1826). 
Phaps leucotis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 477, n. 5 (1845); id. List 

B. Brit. Mus. Columte, p. 61 (pt.) (1856); Gieb. Tim. Orn. iii. 
p. 90 (1877). 
Peristera (Oreopeleia) leucotis, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv 
(1852). 
Phapitreron leucotis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. sp. 28 (1854); id. Compf. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 879 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 65 (1855); id. Coup 
Wceil Ordre Pig. pp. 11, 55, n. 65 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. 

p. 91, t. 224. t 1259 (1862); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 246, 
n. 9432 (1870) ; Wold. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 251 (1875); Tiveedd. 
Orn. Works, p. 412 (1881); Hem. u. Mclinw. Nomencl Mm. 
Hei?i. Orn. p. 286 (1890) ; Hartert, Kat Vogelsamml. p. 190 
(1891); id.J.f. 0. 1891, p. 301. 
Ptilonopus leucotis, Wall. Ibis, 1865, pp. 382, 397; id. J.f. 0.1866, 

p. 279. 
Phaps (Phapitreron) leucotis, Mart. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 24. 
Phapiscus leucotis, Sund. Meth. Nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 99 (1872). 
Chloroenas leucotis, Schleg. Mas. P.-B. Columbae, p. 79 (1873). 
Phabotreron leucotis, Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 214 (part., Luzon 
only) (1875); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc., Zool. i. p. 353 (1876) ; 
Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 699 (Luzon); id. Orn. Works, pp. 378, 
525, 538, 559, 643 (1881); Wardl. Rams. ibid. p. 659 (1881); 
Salv. Cat. B. StricH. Coll. p. 552 (1882); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, 

p. 270; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 41 (1889); Steere, List Philipp. 
Birds, p. 24 (Mindoro, Luzon) (1890). 
Adult. Brown, with purple reflections on the back, rump, upper 
tail-coverts, and upper wing-coverts ; forehead and crown greyish ; 
occiput and sides of neck of a coppery colour; hind neck metallic 

*2 
TEEHONIDJE. 

green ; from the gape, passing below the eye, a black Hue, bordered 
underneath by a white line, starting from below the eye and reaching 
beyond the ear-coyerts; anteiior part of the cheeks, chin and 
throat deep ruddy fulvous; breast and abdomen pale ruddy fulvous 
or ochraceons ; under tail-coverts pale Freneh-srrey; quills brown, 
with a narrow light edge on the outer web : tail above brown with 
an amethystine tinge, and with a broad grey band at the tip: " iris 
purple-grey, grew or brown; bill black ; feet bright carmine* or 
dull crimson " {Everett). Total length 1**5 inches wing o"J7}j tail 
3*5, bill 0-03, tarsus 0*75. 

Hub. Luzon and ILindoro. 

a. Ad.sk. South of yi\ixiH&(Cumuiy). Zo J!< »jri* al Socfcn *^ Coll. 
b. Ad sk. Philippine Ward-*. Cirmn.r C JL 
c. d. Ad. sk. Philippine Maud-. E. Wil-un, E-<| "P.], 
*»/• 6 S ad. sk. Luzon, Jan. (A.IL Mrj/pr ». Twe*<LLtlp <'• II. 
g! Ad. sk. Manilla (Maithad lie- TwenhLde C ill. 
riot). 
h I <$ $ ad. sk. San Mateo, Feb. (A. II Tw etlltb IVL 
Everett). 

m. 
$ ad. fck. San Mateo, Feb. {J, II Sal\i:i-<} ulman Cull. 
Even ft I. 
». cJad.sk. Monte Alban, Feb. (.1. .Salwn-H, kw i IVJ. 
J/. Urm*/) 

3. Phabotreron occipitalis. 
Phabotreron 
breviro^tris, Ticw&l* P. Z. f*. 1*71), p. 73 Risihn; 
MW 1877, p. 549); zW. Or/2. XTW-?. p. 07/! | Ha-i'an); ^"tW^ Z*\* 
Philipp. Birds, p. 24 (part, Ba^ianf. 

Adult male. Similar to P. hncutis* but the rufous throat more 
vinous, and the occiput of a coppery aineth} ^tine very conspicuous; the 
back and wings of a more greenish hue: ** iri-> light warm brown ; 
bill black; feet carmine *J {Evertit). Total length about 0 inches, 
wing 5, tail 3*6, bill 0*50, tarsus 0'S. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Hah Basilan. 

fck.

a,b> 6 2 ac*. Ba&ilan (A. II Eiereif). Tw*>edlaV Coll. (T\p > 
of -pedes). 

4 Phabotreron nigrornm. 
Pbapitreron leucotK Wald. 4* Layartl (nee Tem7n.)r Mk7 1872, 

p. 104 (Xegros); ZWrfrf. Or«. JJ*W^, p. 121 (Itftfl). 
Phabotreron nigrorum, *$harpt\ Tr. Linn. *S7*?.? J&'//. L pp. 31t>, &).'? 
(1876) (Negros); Tweedd. P. Z. S. K7f p. 7f>4 (Utrimaras Obul; 

«Z. Orn. JTor^, p. 5JiS (1^1); Wardl lianu., Tireedd. Oru. 
Works, p. 059 (1*81); Trhtr, Cat. Coll. B. p. 41 {\M.\); Steer*; 
Lid Philipp. Birds; p. 24 (lb90) (Guiinaras, Panay, Negros, Cebu J. 
Similar to P. leucotis, but throat pale buff, and light subocular 
streak changing into rufous on the ear-coverts : " iris brown ; bill 

7 . PHABOTRERON". 
black ; legs bright carmine " (Everett). Length 9 4 inches, wing 
4-95, tail 3-9, bill 0-65, tarsus 0-85. 

Bab. Negros, Cebu, Ghiimaras, and Panay. 

a. $ ad. 8k, Guirnaras, March (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
b. 2 ad. sk, Negros, March (Z. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
c. d. d 2 ad. sk. Cebu, April (A. II Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
5. Phabotreron brevirostris. 
Phaps lencotis, part., G. R. Gr. List B. Brit Mus. Columbse, p. 61, 
specim. c (1856). 

Phabotreron brevirostris, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 549 (Pasananca), 
832 (N.E. Mindanao), 1878, pp. 113 (Dinagat), 344 (Leyte), 
952 (S.W. Mindanao;; id. Oni. Works, pp. 401, 473, 558, 572, 
599, 043, 650 (1881); Wardlaw Rams. ibid. pp. 059, 669 (1881); 
Tweedd. Voy. < Challenger; Birds, p. 22, pi. vi. (1881); Kutter, 

J.f.O. 1883, p. 314 (Sibulan, Mindanao); Ctuillem. P. Z.S. 1885, 
p. 269 (Sulu); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 41 (1889) (Placer); Steere, 
List PMlipp. Birdsr p. 24 (part.) (Mindanao, Samar, Leyte, Bojol) 
(1890). 
Similar to P. leucotis, from which it differs in having the forehead 
and throat greyish fulvous, the occiput constantly amethystine, 
and the rectrices with a decided amethystine tinge; it resembles 
also P. nigrorum, especially as regards the colouring of the forehead 
and throat, but it differs in having the subocular streak white 
and the occiput more amethystine. Total length about 9*5 inches, 
wing 4*9, tail 3*9, bill 0-53, tarsus 0-75. 

1 have seen in the Rothschild Collection the specimen from the 
Sulu Islands collected by Dr. Guillemard. Strange to say, it cannot 
be separated from true P. brevirostris, the only differences being that 
the hind part of the cheeks is more amethystine in the Sulu bird, the 
rufescent tinge on the forehead is more restricted, and the dimensions 
are somewhat smaller, wing 4-6. 

Hab. S. Philippine Islands—Mindanao, Dinagat, Bohol, Leyte, 
Samar, and also Sulu Islands. 

a. 
2 ad. sk, Dinagat Is., June (A. II Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
b. <$ ad. sk. Surigao, May (A. II Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
c. d. <S ? ad. sk. Butuan, May (A. II Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
e. $ 
ad. sk Zamboanga, March (A. Tweeddale Coll. 
II Everett). 
f. Ad. sk. Zamboanga, April (A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
K. Everett). 
//. 
cS ad. sk. Pasananca, Zamboanga. ' Challenger? Exp. (Type 
of the species.) 

h. Ad. sk. No locality. Sir E. Belcher [P.J. 
1RERONIDJ2. 

Subfamily II. PTILOPODIN/E. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. 
Primaries normal, not divided at the tip, 
a'. Under wing-coverts not yellow, if 
yellow the tail short. 
a"\ Plumage generally green, in no 
case almost entirely deep blue, 
a'n. Inner webs or quills neither 
yellow nor orange-yeliow .... 8. PTILOPUS, p. 70. 
b'". Inner webs of quills yellow or 
orange-yellow 9. CHRYSCEXAS, p. 135. 
h'\ Plumage mostly deep blue ; 
feathers of the neck very deeply 
bifurcated ". *- 11. ALECTRCEXAS, p. 1(50. 

b\ 
Under wing-coverts yellow; tail 
rather long and rounded; fir»t primary 
not attenuated at the tip .. _ 12. MEGALOPRBPIA, p. 100. 

b. Primaries divided at the tip; tarn 
entirely feathered 10. DREPAXOPTILA, p. 15S. 
8. PTILOPUS. 
Of. D. G. Elliot, " On the Fruit-Pigeons of the Genus Ptih/tns " 

(P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 500-570); Wiglesworth, "On the Polynesian 
Members of the Genus Ptilojius""* (Ibis, 1891, pp. 500-584). 
Range. Prom the Malay Peninsula, through the Malay Archipelago, 
to Australia and Polynesia. 

Key to the Suhyenera. 

a. 
First primary abruptly attenuated on the 
apical portion ; if not attenuated, head, 
neck, and breast uniform rose-carmine. 
af. Tail rather long; no defined cap on 
the upper part of the head a. LEUOOTRERON", p. 71. 

V. Tail moderate; pectoral feathers 
bifurcated; a defined cap on the 
upper part of the head. 
b". Wing rather long; no broad blue-
black band on the lower parts .. #. PTILOPUS, p. 83. 

c". Wing rather short; a very broad 
blue-black band separates the 
breast from the abdomen y. LAMPROTRERON, p. 112. 

c'. 
Tail rather short. 
d". Bill weak. 
#"'. Cap red or violet-purple. 
a\ Feathers of the breast normal, 
not bifurcated 8. EUTRERON, p. 110. 
bK Feathers of the breast bifurcated 
c. PTILOPODISCTJS, p, 11H. 
b'". Cap blue g. CYANOTRERON, p. 121. 

8. PTIL0PT7S. 
e'r. Bill rather strong; general plumage 
green, with a broad abdon/
minal patch orange-yellow. 


e 
. JNTO knob at the base of the 
upper mandible rj, CHLOBOTBEBON, p. 122. 
f". 
A very prominent knob at the 
base of the upper mandible 8. (EDiuHiNtrs, p. 125. 

b. First primary not abruptly attenuated 
on the apical portion ; head, neck, and 
breast never uniform rose-carmine. 
d'. Tail rather short and rounded; hind 
neck grey, mantle or scapulars red-
or grey-spotted , i, SYLPHITRERON, p. 126. 

e'. Tail rather long and rounded. 

f". Eectrices 16: males with a white 
or yellow pectoral band, anterior 
part of the pileum red, scapulars 
with dark blue spots; females 
almost uniform green *. THORACOTRERON, p. 134. 

g". 
Eectrices 14: males with the head 
grey, a black occipital spot, throat 
yellow, shorter under tail-coverts 
yellow and the longer ones red; 
females green, with fche longer 
under tail-coverts dull red X. SPILOTREEON, p. 141. 

f. 
Tail short, scarcely rounded; head 
more or less grey, or milky white, 
or entirely green; a purple-red patch 
on the crop-region or on the abdomen 
p. IONOTREBOK", p. 146. 
a. 
LETTCOTEEROF. m 
Type. 
Leucotreron, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 15 (1854); id. Compt. 
fiend, xxxix. p. 876 (1854) ;. P. cinctus. 
Eamphicuius, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 17 (1854) ; id. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 878 (1854) P. occipitalis. 
Onieotreron, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 27 (1854); id. Compt. (juv. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 878 (1854) P. occipitalis, 
Jambotreron, Bp. 1854, fide G. R. Or. Cat. Gen. ty 
Subgen. B. p. 97, n. 1643 (1855) P. jainbu. 
Trerolfema, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p, 2i7 (1855), xliii. 

p. 833 (1856) P. gularis. 
Ehamphiculus, Relinb. Tauben, p. 98 (1862) P. jambu. 
Laryngogramma, Rchnb. Tattben, p. 102 (1862) P. gularis. 
Xenotreron, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 832 P. occipitalis, 
Phassa, Heine, Nomenel. Mus. Rein. Orn. p. 281 (1882 [juv. 
-1890) (= Rhamphiculus, Bp.). 
Range. Indo-Malay and Western Austro-Malay Archipelago. 


Key to the Species. 

a. 
Under tail-coverts whitish or yellowish white, 
with the inner webs more or less greyish or 
greenish. 
a'. Plead partly rod (Rhamphiculus). 

TKEROXID-E. 

a". 
Upper part of the head grey. 

a'". Occipital band dark crimson, like the 
sides of the head ; crop-region ocbreou?. 
bounded below by a broad crimson band 
or patch \ m cccipltalis, p. 72. 

b'". Occipital band slaty black ; >ides of the 
head dark crimson; crop-region grey; 
nnderparts with no red. 


a1. Back and wings metallic green, abdomen 
ochre-yellowi>h < .. Jiscleri. p. 74. 
hK Back and wings tJaty grey, imderparts 
grey with no oclne-yellowi-h tinge ., meridionalis, p. 74. 
I". Upper part of the head ochreius red ; a reel 
patch on the secondaries marrkei, p. 75. 
b'. Head and neck entiiely pink-red ; hist primary 
not attenuated at ti e tip roteicollis. p. 75. 

c. 
Head arid neck white or giey; with no rtd 
(Zeucotreroa). 
c". Head and neck grey allot inrtus. p. 77. 
d'1. Head and neck white with a yellow tinge. 

c"\ Apical band of the tail grey dm tit*, p. 77. 
d'". Apical band of the tail} ellow ish v. Lite.. ktta nd*7 p. 7<K. 

. 
Under tail-co\ert& uniform maroon or cinnamon 
colour; gular htnpe bLtck or dark muruuii 
(Trerolama). 


(T. 
No red colour on the head. 
e". Larger, wing 0*8 inches; an oehreous-btifl 
band across the low er breast gularh, p. 78. 
f'\ Smaller, wing 5'0 inches; a bread daik 
maroon band aerc^s the brea>t Itdanifari, p. 70. 
e'. 
Anterior part of the head bright pink-red ; 
nnderparts white with a pink-ros-v patch tn 
the crtp-region of the male jamlii, p. 80. 

1. PtHopus occipitalis. 
Ptilonopus occipitalis, G. II. Gr. Bid B. Brit. MUR. Gallinfe, p. 1 
(lb44) (Philippines, deter, nulla»; fir. $• 31itch. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 467, n. 25, pi. 118 (1844); G It Gr. Bid B. Brit. Mm. 
Columbge, p. 7, specim. a7 b (lb50) ; Wa}lace, lite, 1805, p. 378 ; 
*tf. /. /. 0. 1800, p. 278; Garrad, P. Z. & 1874, p. 250 * 
Jfcamphiculus occipitalis, Bj>. Coithp. Ai\ ii. p. 17 flc54j; id. Cmnpt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. bT8 (1854), xl. p. '21(1, n. 34 ; id. Coup (Tail Ordr. 
Pig. pp. 10, 54, n. 34 (1&55): id. Icoth Fig. pi. 14 (1857); G. Ii. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 2:27, n. 9149 (1870); Xou&a, Mm. Xac. Bisk 
Columbia, p. 7 (1873); Wald. Tr. ZooL Sac. ix. pp. 214,251 (1875) ; 
Sharpe, Tr. Zinn. Soe. (2) i. p. 353, n. 202 (1*70): Ttceedd. P.Z.8. 
1877, p. 704 (Cebu), p. 832 (Butuan), lb7h, p. 952 (Zaniboanpra), 
1879, p. 73 (Basilan); id. Orn. Tt\r7e*, pp. 378, 412, o%8} 558,043, 
053 (1881); WardL Bams., Ttceedd. Orn. Works, p. 059 (1881). 

Omeotreron batilda, Jfy?. Comp.Ar. ii. p. 27 (1854) (juv.); id, Compt 
Bend, xxxix. p. 878 (1854j, xl. p.217, n. 01 ; id.'Coup dJmil Ordr. 
Big. pp. 10, B5} n. 01 (1855). 

Columba occipitalis, Schleg. llandleid. L p. 411 (1857). 
Lamprotreron porphyria, Bp. (nee Temm.) Icon, Pig. pi. xv. (juv.). 

* Garrod mentions 16 tail-feathers in the present species, while I have found 
only 14. 
8. PTILOPUS.
Xonotreron occipitalis, Rchib. Tauben, p. 101, t. 230. f. 1331 (1802). 
Ptilonopus batiida, Wall. Ibis, 1805, p. 882; id. J. f. 0. 1800, p. 279. 
Ptilopus (Rhampkiculus) occipitalis, Mart. J. f. O.1806, p. 23, n. 124. 
Ptilopus (Omeotreron) batiida, v. Mart. J.f.O. 1806, p. 23, n. 125. 
Ptilopus occipitalis, So/tier/. Mus. P.-B. 'Columbse, p. 35 (1873); 

Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 306 (1877) ; Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 509; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 (1889) ; Steere, List Philipp. Birds. 

p. 24(1890) (Leyte). 
Ptilopus ? incognita, Tweed1. Ann. 8f Mag. N. II. (4) x. p. 538 
(1877); id. Orn. Worh% p. 505 (1881); Wardl. Rams., Tweedd. 
Orn. Works, pp. 654,059, 669 (1881). 

Leucotreron ? incognita, Tu eedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 816. 
Xenotreron incognita, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 832. 


Adult male. Pileum and anterior part of face grey; sides of 
head below the eyes and entire back of head purple-red; back of 
neck and upper parts bronzy green; throat white tinged with 
yellowish; sides of neck and of breast grey; crop ochraceous; a 
broad purple band on the lower part of breast; middle of abdomen 
grey; sides and flanks greyish green; vent and under tail-coverts 
whitish, the latter with a broad green stripe on the inner webs; 
thighs greenish grey anteriorly, white posteriorly; wings green, the 
primaries black on the inner web, quills with narrow yellowish 
edges outwardly; first primary abruptly attenuated; wing underneath 
lead-grey, under wing-coverts greenish grey; tail green above 
with a greyish band at the tip, grey below with a lighter band 
at the tip : "iris pale reddish brown; basal half of bill vermilion, 
apical half yellow; feet carmine, nails grey tinged with yellow'' 
(Everett). Total length 11*75 inches, wing &25, tail 4*25, bill 0*0, 
tarsus 0*75. 

Female adult. Like the male : u iris light yellow or hazel-brown " 
(Everett). 

Young (type of O. batiida). "Top of head, back of neck, and 
entire upper parts bronzy green ; throat yellowish white; sides of 
head yellowish white, interspersed with green ; underparts greyish 
green, bronze upon the breast; crissnm and under tail-coverts 

•whitish, the latter striped with green; wings like the back, the 
secondaries and primaries edged on on tor web with yellowish white; 
tail bright green, with a greyish-white apical band, which is observed 
only on the inner webs. Total length 11 inches, wing 6, 
tail 4, culmen f-,s (Elliot). "Iris dark brown; bill light brown, 
the basal half dull red; feet coral-red " (Everett). 
Immature female (type of Ptilopus incognita). " Above, tertiaries, 
and wing-coverts light emerald-green ; forehead, lores, ophthalmic 
region, cheeks, and ear-coverts grey mixed with dingy green ; chin 
and throat almost pure white ; neck and sides of neck greenish 
grey; an ill-defined pectoral band formed of green feathers tipped 
with reddy orange ; breast ashy green tinged with the same colour; 
flanks green; abdomen mixed green and ashy; under tail-coverts 
(which are lengthened) pale creamy white, with a brown central 
streak; thigh- and tarsal-coverts ashy brown; exposed upper surface 
of rectrices tinged with golden; lower surface pale ashy brown, 
with ill-denned paler tips ; quills dark brown, margined outwardly 

TRER0NID2E. 

with, dark green ; secondaries with, a pale narrow creamy border, 
still narrower on the major coverts : ' iris dark hazel; bill dull 
greenish orange; feet pale reddish' (Everett). "Wing 5*25 inches, 
culmen 0*75, tarsus 0*81, tail 3*75." (Tweeddale.) 

Hob. Philippines—Luzon, Zebu, Leyte, Mindanao, and Basilan. 

a, l. Ad. sk. Philippine Is. Cuming Coll. 
(Types of specie*.) 

o. Ad. sk. Manilla. Gould Coll. 
d* *S /• 6 $ ad. sk. Luzon, Jan. (A, B. Meyer). Tweeddale Cull. 
g, h, i. S J ad. bk. Cebu, April {A. S, Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
k, 1. c? 2 ad. sk. Cebu, April (A.H. Everett). Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
m. 6 ad. sk. JButuan, May (.4. H. E.). Tweeddale Coll. 
n. 
$ juv. bk. Butuan, May {A. H. E.). Tweeddale Coll. 
(Type of Ptilopus incognita, Tweedd.) 
o-r. 
<$ ad. et J 2 Zamboanga, March, April Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. (A. HE.), 

s. <$ ad. sk. Babilan. June (A. H. E.). Tweeddale Coll. 
2. Ptilopus fischeri. 
Ptilinopus fischeri, Brugg. Abh. naturir. Ver. Brem. v, p. 82, t. iv. 
(1870) (Celebes). 
Ptilopus fischeri, Elliot, P. Z. & 1878. p. o71; 3/^r, IU% !S7i\ p. l;J5 
(part, N. Celebes); Meyer, Ibis, Ib^l, p. 170 (part., X. Celebes). 

Adult male. Above metallic green; upper part of the head pale 
grey; round the hind neck a band of slaty black, joining the dark 
crimson patches on each side of the head, which cover the ear-
coverts and the feathers below and in front of the eyes ; throat 
white, slightly tinged with yellowish; neck and upper breast grey ; 
mantle grey, slightly tinged with green in the middle; lower breast 
and abdomen washed with olive-yellowish.; under tail-coverts whitish 
buff, with the greater part of the inner webs greyish olive; wings 
metallic green; outer web of the secondaries edged with yellow ; 
primaries black, slightly tinged with metallic green and very 
narrowly edged with yellow on the outer webs; wings underneath 
slate-grey; tail above metallic green, below grey, with a broad 
apical grey band: " iris brown ; bill greenish, with the tip yellow ; 
feet cherry-red" (Platen). Total length about 14 inches, wing (rtf, 
tail 5*5, bill 0*64, tarsus 0-95 (Mus. Brunswick). 

Female. Similar to the male (21us. Brunswick). 

Young. The grey of the head and of the neck tinged with green, 
no black band on the nape; the crimson patch on the sides of the 
head scarcely apparent; edges of the secondaries pale yellowish 

(Mus. Brunswick). 
Bab. Minahassa, N". Celebes. 

3. Ptilopus meridioualis. 
Ptilopus fisheri, Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 135 (part., S. Celebes) ; Gtntld 
(nee Brilgg.), B. of New Quirt, pt. xi. pi. 4 (1880); Meyer, Ibis, 
1881, p. 120 (part., S. Celebes). 

Leucotreron fischeri meridioualis, Meyer § Wiglesw. Orn. Monatsb. 

i. p. 12 (1893). 
8. PTILOPTJS. 
75 

Ptilopus P.JtscJierlCBmgg.) " affinis, sed dorso alisque schistaceis, 
corpore subtus toto vinaceo luteo-grisco, distinguendus. Long, 
tot. mm. 340, al. 172-175, caud. 145, tarsi 28, rostri 15*5." 

(M. Sf W.) ^ 
" The principal differences "between this new subspecies and 
\_P.~\fischeA are the following: meridionalis has the head and nape-
band darker; also the red on the head is somewhat darker; whole 
of the upper surface slate-grey, instead of green, as in Jlscheri; 
under wing-coverts without green lustre; throat without yellow 
tinge; breast much paler; abdomen without the greenish ochre-
yellow: the whole under surface only of one colour, and not 
of two colours ; bill somewhat shorter." (21. 4" W.) 

Hah. Makassar, S. Celebes. 

4. Ptilopus marchei. 
Ptilopus (Rhamphiculus) marchei, Oust. Le Naturaliste, 1880, 
p. 324; Rclinw. $ Schal. J. f. 0. 1881, p. 26; Oust Nouv. Aroh. 
du Mus. cPJSist Nat. (2) viii. p. 305, pi. xiii. (1884). 
Female (?). Upper part of the head and chin ochreous red, 
changing into vermilion ; ear-coverts blackish; under surface light 
grey, with the flanks washed with green, and with a broad patch 
on the chest vermilion-red, changing into carmine below; round the 
nape a grey collar; primaries black, with a narrow edge white or 
yellowish; secondaries blackish green, with the outer web very 
broad, carmine-red ; tail above blackish green, with a broad greyish-
green band at the end ; tail below blackish grey, with a pale grey 
tip ; tail-feathers with very narrow golden-yellow edges; under tail-
coverts green, broadly edged with buff: bill red with the tip light; 
feet red. Total length (360 mm.) 14*25 inches, wing 7*12, tail 5'5, 
bill 0-55, tarsus 0'98. (Oustalet.) 
I have seen the only specimen known, which is in the Museum 
of Paris. This species is allied to P. occipitalis, but is very peculiar 
,n having a patch of red on the secondaries formed by separate 
barbs. 
Hah. Luzon, Philippines. 

5. Ptilopus roseicollis. 
Columba porphyrea, Peinw. in Temm. PI. Col. 106 (1824) (nee 
O. porphyracea, Forst.); JDesm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 336 (1826); 
Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 472 (1831) ; Knip $ Prev. Pig. ii. pi. 4 (18381843). 
Ptilinopus porphyreus, Sw. Zool. Journ. i. p. 473 (1825); StepJi. Gen. 

Zool. xiv. p. 277, pi. 33 (1826); Less. Compl de Buff. viii. p. 37 

(1837), 2nd ed. p. 279 (1838). 

Columba roseicollis, Wagl. Syst. Ao. Columba, n. 27 (1827); id. 

Lsis, 1829, p. 741. 

Ptilinopus erythrocephalus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 347 (1836). 

Ptilinopus porphyreus, Hart 1. Syst. Verz. Brem. p. 97 (1844). 

Ptilonopus roseicollis, G. M. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 21 (1844); id. 
List GallinceB. M. p. 1 (1844); id. List Spec. B. Brit. Mus. 
Columb®, p. 8 (1856); Pelz. $ Lor. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. p. 47. 

TEEROSIDJC. 

Kurukuru roseicollis, Des Murs <§• Free, Toy. Venus, p. 269 {1S55 r \. 

Lamprotreron porphyrea, Bp. Co/up. A v. ii. p. 1& (1^54); id. Cmipt. 

Bend, xxxix. p. 876* (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 37; &/. 6W/? tfW/ O/vfr. 

P?>. pp. 8, 54, n. 37 (1835); Rcknb. Tauben. p. 97, t. 237, if. 1322


23 (1802); Sowa, Mus. Xar. Li*b. Columbae, p. 7 (1573). 

Ptilopus porphvreus, Sehleq. Be DIPrent. p. 210 (lbb*4i : id. 3/?/s. 

P.-P. Columose, p. 33 (1873); Gieb. The*. Orn. iii. p. 367 (1S77); 

Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 553; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1-79, p. 64; Xichols. 

Ibis, 1881, p. 154; Vorderm. X. T. X. L si v. p. 395 (15-5). 

Ptilonopus porphvreus, Wall. Ibi<, lbOo. p. 3MJ; id.J.f.O. ISb'O, 

p. 271). 
Lamprotreron roseicollis, Cr. P. 6V. Hand-li^t. ii. p. 227, n. 9if0 
(1870). 
Ptilopus 
roseicollis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiii. p. 454 ir.ot>*) 
(Sumatra) (1S7&) id. P. £ tf. 1879. p. U4; iV/. J rt/j. .J///*. O . Gen. 

xiv. p. 215 (Sumatra) (lfc79,>; Vorderm. X. T. X. I. xllx. p. 412 
(1889), li. p. 400(1*02). 
Lamprotreron 
porphvreus, 2T<?/n. L$* llchnw. Xomeuel 3///^. ILdn. 
Orn. p. 281 (18U0J. 

./it/wZ? 7/za7«. Head, neck, and breast carmine, paler on the head ; 
the carmine colour margined all round with a whiti&h band, narrow 
on the back and broad on the breant; below the white band on 
the breast there is a second one blacki4i tureen; lower part of the 
breast grey; sides, flanks, and thighs olive; abdomen and vent 
yellow mixed with olive ; under tail-coverts pale yellow, with the 
inner web and part of the outer web of the longest dark olhe; 
upper back, scapulars, and wing-coverts shining olive-^reen ; lower 
back and upper tail-coverts olive-green ; primaries and their coverts 
deep shining green; secondaries with narrow yellow edtres; inner 
secondaries like the back; under surface of the wing plumbeous ; 
under wing-coverts with a slight greenish tinsre; tail above dull 
green, with the inner webs of the lateral feathers black, and 
with an apical band grey tinged with olive-green; tail underneath 
blackish, with a grey band at the tip, but edged with white on the 
inner web of the feathers: u bill yellowish olive or greenish ; feet 
coral-red or rose-coral: irides crimson or red'1 (Wullaee* Beccaril 
Total length about 11 inches, wing 5-5. tail 4, bill 0*02, tarsus 
0-76. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the rose-colour of the 
neck more or less tinged with olive, especially on the lower part, 
the white band on the breast less pure, the blackish-green pectoral 
band less deep, and the grey colour of the lower breast nearly 
wanting. 

Young. General plumage green, with the feathers edged with 
yellow. 
Eab. Java and Sumatra. 

a,b, c. Ad. etjuv. sk. W. Java. Wallace Coll. 

d, e. Ad. sk. et § ad. ? W. Java (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
/. 2 ad.Psk. Java. Sab in-Godman Coll. 

q. Juv. sk. Java. 
Gould Coll. 
h. 2 ? ad. sk. Sumatra. Baron Langier IM1. 
%. $ ? ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. \V. Elliot, Esq. [P.]. 
8. piiLoros. i i 
I', I 6 ? ? ad. sk. [Timor.] LeydenMuseum [P.J. 
m, n, o. {Skeletons. Java. Purchased. 
6. Ptilopus albocinctus. 

Ptilinopus albocinctus, Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 496, pi. xxxix, (Flores) ; 
id. Ibis, 1865, p. 877. 
Ptilopus cinctus liorensis, Schleg. N. T. D. iv. p.20 (1873): id Mm 
P.-B. Columbia, p. 34 (note) (1873). 
Ptilopus albocinetub, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 302 (1877); Elliot 

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 871; Meyer, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 77L 
Leucotreron alLocinctus, G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 227, n. 9102. 
Adult Slaty black, crown and forehead asby white; throat 
and cheeks white; neck and breast ashy, with a narrow edging 
above and a broad band beneath white; below this a broad blue-
black band on the lower breast; belly and thighs olive-yellow; legs 
ashy; under tail-coverts ashy, with broad margins to the feathers 
bright yellow ; tail with a terminal ash-coloured band, which on the 
underside is nearly white: bill greenish at base, yellow at tip; 
feet bright red. Total length 12*5 inches, wing 6 (the first quill 
moderately attenuated at the tip), tail 4-75, bill 0*62, tarsus 0*9. 

This species differs from P. cinctus principally in having the 
neck and breast ashy, and, if the character is constant, in the first 
primary less attenuated. 

Hah. Elores. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Plores. Wallace Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
7. Ptilopus cinctus. 
Columba 
cincta, Knip $ Temm. Pig. i p. 58, pi. 23 (1808-11); 
Temm. Pig. et Gall i. pp. 245, 4U6 (1813); Vieill K D. xx\i. 

p. 347 (1818); Steph Gen. Zool xi. 1, p. 50 (1819); Vieill Enc. 
Mith. i. p. 880 (1823); Steph Gen. Zool xiv. 1, p. 280 (1826); 
Desm. Diet. So. Nat. xl. p. 381 (1826) ; Wagl Sgst. Av. Columba, 
n. 19 (1827). 
Ptilonopus cinctus, Q. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 4G7, n. 18 (1844); id. 
Lint B. Brit. Mm. Gallinaa, p. 2 (1844); id. List B. Brit. Mus. 
Columbse, p. 8 (1856); Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 486 (Timor) j id. 
Ibis, 18G5, p. 377; Pelz. u. Lor. Ann. Natarh. Hofmus. iii. p. 47. 

Leucotreron 
cincta, Bp. Consp. An ii. p. 15 (1854); id. Oomph 
Bend, xxxix. p. 876 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 30 j id. Coup d'oeil Ordr. 
Pig. pp. 8, 54, n. 31 (1855); Rchnb. Tauhen, p. 103, t 238. 
if. 1828-29 (1862) (Timor) : G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 227, 

n. 9161 (1870); Hartert, Kai Vogehamml p. 190 (1891). 
Ptilopus cinctus, Schleg. Be Dierent. p. 210 (1864); id, N. T. D. 
iv. p. 19 (1873); id. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 34 (1873) (Timor, 
Wetter); Gieb. Thes. Orn. p. 363 (1877); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 571; Meyer, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 771. 
Leucotreron cinctus, Heine fy Echnio. Nomencl Mus. Hein. Orn. 
p. 281 (1890). 
Adult male. Head, neck, throat, and entire breast white, with a 
slight yellow tinge, especially on the neck and breast; rest of 

TREBOSIDiE. 

underparts yellowish olive, separated from the white breast by a 
broad black band ; entire upper parts, wings, and tail slate-black; 
the latter with an apical dark grey band; longer under tail-coverts 
dark grey, the remainder grey on the inner webs, yellowish white 
on the outer ones, all broadly margined with yellow : w* bill ochre-
yellow, greenish at base; feet red; iris red" (Wallace). Total 
length 12-25 inches, wing 6*50, tail 5-5, culmen Otl tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Like the male, but somewhat smaller. 

Young. Differs from the adult in having the colours less pure, 
and the feathers of the upper parts (back and wingbj tinged with 
green towards the edges, which are yellow. 

Bab. Timor and Wetter. 
a. Ad. st.
b-(f. d 2 ad. etimm. sk. 
Indian Archipelago. 
E. Timor ( Wallace). 
Purchased. 
h,i. 6 2 ad.sk.
k. Skeleton. 
Timor, Jan., AprilForbes), 
Timor. 
(II 0. Salvin-f JudiLan Coll. 
E\ton Coll. 

3. Ptilopus lettiensis. 
Ptilopus ductus lettiensk, Schley. A'. T. I), iv. p. 20 (H731; id. Mm. 
P.-B. Columbfe, p. 35 {1*73). 
Ptilopus lettiensLs Elliot, P. Z. S. LS7\ p. 572; Meyer. TWk z.-k 
Ges. Wien, lfc*l, p. 770 (Luansr); id. ZeitscAr. f.ye*. Orn. 1^4. 

p. 213 (Timor Laut); Sal tad. Mem. 11. Ac. Se. for. {2/ xliL p. 54 
(Ayy. Orn. Pap. e MoL p. IfcO) (IcDlj. 
Adult. " Head, mantle, throat, neck, and breast ivory-white; 
beneath the white of the breast is a broad blue-black band ; lower 
part of the abdomen and erissum greenish yellow ; under tail-coverts 
brownish in the centre, rest white, margined with \ eliow; back and 
wings black; first primary gradually attenuated to the tip, which 
is pointed; rump greenish grey: tail greyish black for two thirds 
of its basal part, rest yellowish white : bill green, tip ochre; feet 
dark red. Total length 11*75 inches, wing 0*1;5, tail 4*0, culmen 
0*6." (Elliot) 

Hah. Islands of Lettie and Luang to the east of Timor, and 
Timor Laut. 

9. Ptilopus gnlaris. 
Columba gularis, Quoy §• Gaim. (nee Wag?.) Toy. Astro?.* Zoo?. L 
p. 247, pi. 29 (ilenado) (LS3Q); Knip fy Brie. Ply. pi. xi. 
(1838-41). 
Ptilinopus gularis, Less. CompL de Buff. viii. Ois. p. 39 |1837jt 2nd 

ed. p. 279 (1838); Briiyg. Ahh. naturiv. Ver. Brtm. v. p. ^2 

(1876). 
Carpophaga gularis, G. M. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 409, n. £5 {1*44). 

Leucotreron 
gularis, Bp. Camp. A v. ii. p. 15 (1854); id. CompL 
Bend, xxxix. p. 87G (1*54), xl. p. 216, n. 31; id. Coup d'ail Ordre 
Pig. pp. 8, 54, n. 31 (lh55); Wald. Tr. ZooL Sic, viii. p. K3 (1*72) 
Sousa, Mas. JSac. Zisb. Columbse, p. 7 (1&73) j Salmd. Ann, 31us* 

8. PTILOPUS. 
79 

Civ. Gen. ix. p. 670 (1875); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 135; Bias. 

J. f. 0. 1883, p. 138; id. Zeitsehr.f. ges. Orn. iii. p. 131 (1886). 
Trerolsema gularis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 24 (1855); G. R.'Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 230, n. 0203 (1870); Schieid, Cat. p. 22 
(1878). 

Laryngogramma gularis, Relink. Tauben, p. 102, t. 233. f. 1297, ii. 

p. 203, t. iv. f. 44 (1862); JELein. § Rchnio. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Orn. p. 282 (1890). 
Ptilopus gularis, Sclileg. De Dierent. p. 210 (1864) ; id. Mus. P.-B. 
Columbae, p. 37 (1873) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 364 (1877); 
Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 570. 

Ptilonopus gularis, Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 377; id. Juurn.f. Oni. 1866, 

p. 278. 
Adult male. Anterior part of the head grey, changing into 
green on the occiput and hind neck; upper parts green, deeper and 
with a blue tinge on the primaries; chin and centre of the throat 
deep chestnut; neck in front and on the sides and breast dull grey; 
sides green; an ochreous-buff patch on the middle of the lower 
breast; lower abdomen, vent, under tail-coverts, and flanks cinnamon 
; quills with narrow yellowish edges; under wing-coverts 
green ; quills underneath lead-grey; tail above green, with the tip 
paler, below dark grey, with light grey tip : "bill yellow; iris orange-
brown : eyelids and orbits bare blue ; feet red" (Wallace). Total 
length about 13*5 inches, wing 6*8, tail 5'8, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*8. 

Hah. Northern Celebes. 

a. Ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
b, c. Ad. &t. Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
d-f. Ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
cj. Ad. sk. Menado. Hume Coll. 
10. Pfcilopiis leclancheri. 
Trerolsema leclancheri, 
Bp. Compt. Rend, xli. p. 247 (1855) (Nouvelle 
Guine'e!), xliii. p. 833 (1866) ; id. Icon. Fig. pi. 16 (1857); 

G. R. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 343; id. Hand-list, ii. p. 230, n. 9201. 
Ptilonopus occipitalis, part., G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, 
p. 7, specim. c (1856). 
Carpophaga leclancheri, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. MKS. Columbse, p. 21 
(1856) (New Guinea, Verreaux); id. P. Z.S. 1858, p. 196, 1861, 

p. 437; Rosenb. N. T. N. I. xxv. p. 249, n. 225 (1863); id. J.f.O. 
1864, p. 132, n. 225. 
Ptilonopus leclancheri, Sclat. Journ. Br. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 167, n. 132 
(1858); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 377, n. 18; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 176 
(1865); Wall. J.f O. 1866, p. 278, n. 18. 

Carpophaga leclaucheri (errore), G. R. Gr. Cat. B. New Gain, pp, 48, 
61 (1859). 

Leucotreron gironieri, Verr. fy Des Murs, Ibis, 1862, p. 342, pi. xii. 
(Palawan, Philippines); G. R. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 344; Sehleg. Ibu, 
1863, p. 120; Wald. Tr. Zool. Soe. ix. pp. 313, 251, sp. 137, 
pi. xxxiv. f. 1 (1875) (Luzon, Guimaras) (ad.); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. 
Soc. (2) L p. 353, n. 201 (1876); Tioeedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 287 
(Valencia); id. Orn. Works, pp. 377, 412,593 (1881). 

Ptilopus geversi {errore), Sehleg. Ibis, 1863, p. 120. 
Ptilopus hngoniana, Sehleg. N. T. D. i. p. 60 (1863) (juv., Luzon). 


TEEBONID-23. 

Ptilopus kugonianus, Schley, op. cit. pi. 3. f. 2 (juv.) (1833): Walt. 

Ibis, 1865, p. 378, n. 20; Solder/. Mus. P.-B. Coluinbte, p. 30 

(1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 304 (1S77). 

Trerolaema gironieri, G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 230, p. 9202 f 1S70). 

Ptilopus leclancheri, Salvad. Ami. Mus. Cu\ Gen. Ix. p. 199, n. 32 

(1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. #35 (1S77); iS7//< P. Z. S. 1^7S. 

p. 568 ; Wartf/. itoww., Ttceerid. Orn. Works, pp. t*54, t*>50 (1^11 
(Luzon, XegTOs, Guimarus) ; Everett. P. Z. IS. 1^1), p. 22*3 iPalawan) 
; Steere, List of Philipp. Birds, p. 24 (l^inj. 
Ptilopus giranieri (errore), Gieb. The*. Orn. iii. p. 3fj4 (1^77?. 

Leucutreron lecbincheri, Stdvad. Atti 
11. Ac. IS*. Tor. xiii. p. 427 

(187b) ; Bias. Onus, lb±>, p. 316; Meyer, J. f. O. ls'Jl, p. 73 

(Cebu). 

Ptilopus lelanclieri {sic), Trisir. Cat. CoP. B. p. 44 (1889). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and upper breast pale ashy white, chin 

black, the occiput and nape being faintly washed with litfht green ; 

remainder of the upper parts bright green, with a golden gloss in 

certain lights : bordering the grey of the breast and intervening 

between it and the ashy green of the lower parts is a broad dark 

purple band, rather deeper in the middle than on the bides ; under 

tail-coverts cinnamon; outer edges of the apical portion of the 

quills pale yellowish; under wing-covert* green ; quilU underneath 

lead-grey ; tail above green, with a broad greyi.sh-grH*n band at the 

tip of the lateral feathers ; under surface of the rect rices dark gr<*y, 

with a broad terminal pale grey band : '• bill yellowish ; feet red T" 

(Elliot). Total length 10*5 inches, wing 5*0, tail 4, culmen 0*05, 

tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Bright green, paler and greyish below; anterior part of 
the head greenish grey; chin black ; a dark purplish band oo the 
breast, more or less well defined, sometimes wanting; lower abdomen 
whitish; under tail-coverts pale cinnamon; wings and tail 
as in the male. 

Youwj. Green, with a dark pectoral band. 

Hob. Philippines—Palawan, Luzon, Guiniaras. Xegros, and Cebu. 

a. 6 ad. sk. Luzon, April (A. B. Meyer). Tweedclale Coll. 
b. 6 ad. sk. X. Panay. March (A. B. M.). Twewldale Coll. 
c.d,e.<S $ acl.sk. Guiniaras March (A. B. M.). Tweeddale Coll. 
f. d iram. bk. Valencia, Aug. (A. II. Everett). Tweeddale Coll. 
{h 2 a(h sk. Philippine Llands. Cuming Coll. 
h. 
$ ad. sk. Philippine Islands. Verreaux CoiL 
(One of the types of L. yirmiieri). 
i. tf ad. sk. [Xew Guinea.] Verreaux Ooli. 
11. Ptilopus jambu. 
Pooni JamboOj Mnrsd. Sumatr. p. Si. 

Jamboo-Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 627, n. 10 (1783). 

Columba jambu, Gm. S. X. ii. 2, p. 784, n. 63 (1788); Temm. $ 

Knip, Big. p. 65, pis. 27 ($> ), 28 (3) (1808-11) ; liajfl. Tr. Linn. 
Soc. xiii. p. 316 (Sumatra) (1822); Wayl S?/st Ab\ Columba, 

n. 28 (1827) j Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 107 (Malacca): Schley. 
Eandl. IHerh L p. 411 (1857). 
8. PTILOPTJS. 
81 

Columba jambos, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. -598, n. 18 (1790) ; Bonn. 
Enc. Meth. p. 252 (1790); Temm. Pig. et Gall, i. pp. 257. 409 
(1813); Vieill. iY. B. xxvi. p. 349 (1818); JDesm. Bid. Sc. Nat 

xl. p. 333 (1826); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 472 (1831). 
Columba jamboo, Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 1, p. 49 (1819), xiv. 1, p. 284 
(1826). 
Ptilinopus jambu, Less. Compl de Buff. Ois. viii. p. 27 (1837), 
2nd ed. p. 276 (1838); Hartl. Syst. Verz. Brem. p. 97 (1844); 
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 230, n. 1395 (1849); Briigg. 
Abh. natunu. Ver. Brem. v. p. 536 (1878). 

Ptilonopus jarnhu, G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 16 (1844); id. 
List of 'GallincB B. M. p. 2 (1844); id. List B. Brit Mus. 
Colimibge, p. 7 (1856); Sclut. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 221 (Borneo); 

Wall. Ibis, 1805, p. 378; id. J.f. 0.1866, p. 278; Sahad. Ucc. 
Bom. p. 289 (1874) : Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 23 ; Hume, Str.Feath. 

viii. p. 67 (1878); Vorderm. N. T. N. I1. p. 503 (1890) (Billiton). 
Jtamphiculus jambu, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 17 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 
xxxix. p. 878 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 35; id. Coup a"ceil Ordr. Pig. 
pp. 10, 54, ii. 35 (1855); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 465 (Pinang 
and Malacca) ; G. JR. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 227, n. 9150 (1870); 
Sousa, Mus. Nae. Lisb. Columba?, p. 7 (18/3). 
Khamphimlus jambu, Rchnb. Tauben, p. 99, t. 239. ff. 1334-35, 

t. 244. ff. 3488-89 (1862); A. Mull. J. f. O. 1882, p. 431. 
Ptilopus jambu, 
Sehleg. Be Bierent. p. 210 (1864) ; id. Mus. P.-B. 
Columbaa, p. 36 (Luzon) (1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 365 
(1877); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 554; Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. xiii. p. 454 (Sumatra) (1878); Salvad. Ami. Mas. Civ. Gen. 

xiv. p. 244 (Sumatra) (1879); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 348 
(Labuan), 1881, p. 299 (Sandakan, N.E. Borneo); Salv. Cat. B. 
Strickl. Coll. p. 5oo (1882); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 444 
(1883); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 432 (Perak); Snellem. Sum.-
Exped. i. Fog. p. 48 (1887); Gi'jl § 8alvad. Mem. JR. Ac. Se. 
Tor. (2) xxxix. p. 110 (1888); Everett, Journ. 8tr. Br. JR. As. 
8oc. 1889, p. 197; Vurderm. IS. T. N. I. xlix. pp. 64, 412 (1889); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 (1889) ; Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 134. 
Ptilinopus (Eamphiculus) jambu, Stoliczka, J. A. S. B. xxxix. 2, 

p. 330 (1870). 
Phassa 
jambu, Heine ty JRchmu. Nomencl. Mus. JHJein. Orn. p. 281 
(1890). 

Adult male. Head deep crimson, this colour extending from fcbe 
front to the middle of the crown, behind the eyes, and across the 
ear-coverts to the throat; a brown chestnut stripe down the chin 
and middle of the throat; hind part of the head, nape, and whole 
upper parts shining bronze-green ; hind part of the ear-coverts, sides, 
and front of neck pure white, passing into buffy white along the sides 
of the breast and whole of the abdomen; middle of the breast of a 
beautiful pink colour; flanks and axiHaries greyish green; thighs 
greyish green ; under tail-coverts deep cinnamon : wings like the 
back; primaries black, their outer webs dark bluish green, first 
primary abruptly attenuated at tip: secondaries and tips of 
primaries narrowly margined exteriorly with buffy white; wings 
underneath lead-grey, under wing-coverts green ; tail above green, 
with a broad buffy green apical band, below blackish grey with a 

VOL. xxi. 
G 

TEEBOXLD-E. 

light apical band : " irides red *? (Beccari): " Mil bright yellow, feet 
dark red" (Wallace). Total length about 10 inches, wins: o-fj, 
tail 3*5, bill 065 , tarsus 0-65. 

Female. Gfreen, with the purple of the head very diiU: suhx 
stripe dark cinnamon; breast greyish green, becoming greyish, 
white on the lower part; abdomen white; under tail-eoverts cinnamon, 
paler than in the male. Dimensions somewhat smaEer. 

Young. Like the female, but has no trace of crimson about the 

head; gular stripe pale cinnamon ; under tail-coverts buff-white. 

I have seen in the Eothschikl collection an adult male specimen. 

apparently from Malacca, wanting the black stripe on the chin. 

which is entirely red. 

Bah. Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka. Billitnn. and Borneo. 

A young Luzon example is stated by Prof Selilegel to be con


tained in the Ley den Museum (Mus. P.-B. CuhhtJnp, p. 30, n. 7j; 

but either the habitat is not correct, or that bperimpn belong to 

some other allied species ; perhaps it is a young of P. lecJanehtrL 

a. $ ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Purchased. 
h, c. (S $ ad. sk. Perak. L. Wray. I>q. T.~, 
d. 3 
ad. sk. Selangorp, July (W. IInine Call. 
Davison). 
£,/,</• 3 2 ad.sk. Klan^ Feb., March (W. Hum*4 ('fill. 
Davison).
h} i. $ ad. et S Pulo Seban, Nov. (W. Hume Coll. 


juv. sk. Damon).
k-n. 3 $ ad. et Malacca (Cantor). India Museum ~P.~. 

juv. sk. 
o,p,q. 3 ad. sk. Malacca (Wallace). 
r-x. d $ ad. et Malacca, July, Aug. Hume Coll, 

imm. sk. 
y, z. <3 $ ad. sk. Malacca, Aug. (M. G. Tweeddale CoIL 

W. JR.). ' 
a', b'. 3 ? ad. sk. Singapore Is., Feb. { W. Hume Coll, 
Davison). 
c', d'. cf (? ?) ad. Sumatra (Raffles). India Museum ~P.]. 
sk. ^ 
e'. <$ juv. sk. Sumatra. Wallace Coll. 
f\g\ 6 (2?) ad. Lawas River, Borneo. 

II. Veitch, E*q. [P.]. 
sk. 
A', i', kr. 3 $ ad. Busan, Sarawak {A. II. 
sk. Everett),


T. S ad. sk. Labuan, X. Borneo, June. J. Whitehead, E*q. [P.]. 
m'. $ juv. sk. 

Niab, Labuan, Oct. A. H. Everett, Enq. C". 

ri, o'. ($ ?) ad. et Bararn, X.W. Borneo. 

A. H. Everett, Eteq. [C/. 
juv. sk. 
p'. 2 ad. sk. Dulit, N/VT. Borneo. C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 
4000 feet. 

8. PTILOPUS. 
p. 
PTILGPTJS. 
Type. 
Ptilinopus, Sic. ZooL Journ. I. p. 473 (1825) P. swainsoni. 
Ptilonopus, Sic. Class. B. ii. p. -347 (1837) P. purpuratus (:-). 
Ptiiopus, Sirickl {nee Schonh. 1826) Ann. fy Mag. 

N. E. vii. p. So (1841) (= Ptilinopus). 
Kumkurti, Des Mars $• Brev., Toy. de la Venus, 
ZooL p. 220 (1855?)* P. purpuratus. 
Thouarsitreron, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 16 (1854) P. dupetit-tbouarsi. 
Kurutreron, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 10 (1854) P. purpuratus. 
Ptilotreron, Bp. 1854 (teste G. R. Gr. Cat. Gen. 

# Suhgen. B. p. 97, n. 1642,1855) P. purpuratus. 
Curotreron, Heine, XomencL Mus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 280 (1882-90) ( = Kurutrpron, Bp.). 
Terenotreron, Seine, I c. (= Thouarsitreron, Bp.). 
Range. Australia, Eastern Austro-Malay Archipelago, and Polynesia. 


Key to the Species. 

a. 
No purple-red spot at the base of the lower mandible. 
a'. Under tail-coverts in adult birds purple-red. 
a'. Colour of the back, wings, and tail green. 
a'". Middle of the abdomen purple-red; feathers 
of the lower throat and crop-region with no 
purple-red colour greyi, p. 85. 

br". Middle of the abdomen with no purple-red; 
feathers of the crop-region with dark purple-
red colour in the middle hidden part. [p. 6. 

a4. Lower breast and abdomen orange-yellow, pelewensis, 
b%. Lower breast and abdomen not orange- [p. 87. 
yellow, but pale yellowish perousei $, 

b'r. Colour of the back yellowish; upper wing-
coverts and tail-feathers light grey, with 
yellowish edges; a broad purple-red band 
across the back and upper wing-coverts peromely, p. 87. 

b\ Under tail-coverts orange or yellow, more or less 
deep, or even very pale. 
c". Top of the head or cap whitish or pale grey, 
with no red or purple tinge. 


c"'. Top of the head or cap whitish; scapulars 
and tertials with dark blue spots near the [p. 89. 
tip; tail-band broad, of a yellowish white, dupetit-thouarsi, 

d"r. Top of the head or cap grey. 

cl. Scapulars and tertials with dark blue spots 
near the tips; subapical tail-band grey [P-91. 
and rather narrow xanthog'aster, 
d*. Scapulars and tertials with rosy spots near 
the tips; apical tail-band broad, of a pale 
yellow ,.,., riehardsi, p. 92. 

d". 
Top of the head or cap purple-red or pale 
lilac. 


* The genus Rurukunt, is mentioned by Bonaparte (Consp. Av. ii. p. 19) in 
1854, so that the date of the * Voyage de la V£nus ' must be earlier than 1854. 
<*2 

TEEE05I33J3. 

e"'. Top of the head or cap purple-red or 
magenta; underparts with coloured transverse 
band. 

e4*. Terminal tail-band very bright yellow and 
covering also the two central feather*. 

a5. Terminal yellow tail-band paler: abdominal 
patch dark green, purple in themiddle ,,.

b5s Terminal yellow tail-band broader and 
blighter ; no dark green patch {purplein the middle) on the abdomen

f*. Tail-band yellowish or greyish, not very 
bright, neither very sharply defined. 
c5. Tail-band yellowi-h. 
ar>. Spots on the inner secondaries and 
scapulars dark blue. 

a7. No yellow tin^e in front of the 
pale rose-purple abdominal patch,
b7. A distinct yellow tin&te in front of 

the pale rose abdominal patch. 
a8. Front neck and crop-region 
more greenishbs. Front neck and crop-region 
yellower ,.

IK Spots on the inner secondaries and 
scapulars lavender; a distinct brown 
rufous tinge on the abdomen ..... .

d'\ Tail-band greenish grey ; abdomen 
green, with no brown rufous tinge;
spots on the inner secondaries and ,
scapulars blue

/"' . Top of the head or cap lilac or p tie purple, land no transverse coloured band on theunderparts. 

(/. Tail above with a distinct coppery lu>tre.
e"\ Throat and breast distinctly greyf\ Throat and breast dull greenish, with

no distinct grey tingehl. Tail above bright metallic grass-green. 

g1. Tail with a subapieal greyish band, not 
very distinct on the upper surface; 
lower breast and abomen with a slight 
green-olive tinge: male with the 
crown lilac? with scarcely a trace of a 
surrounding greenish band behind; 
female (?) with no like tinge on the 
upper part of the head? which isentirely grey. #.

h*. Tail with a broad apical greyish band? 
slightly tinged with yellow; lower 
breast and abdomen distinctly olive-
yellow, the latter brighter yellow; 
crown lilac, surrounded behind by adistinct olive-yellow band "...

b. A purple-red spot at the Base of the lower mandible. 
c'. Chin and middle of the throat Yellowish white. 

 [p. 0:1 
ponupenm* 

 "p. 14. 

Jter/wk&imi. 

aicai/mm. p. IK3. 

etcitigi, p. i»*j. 

Jhiri<nUi\, p. i*7. 

fahriatit** p. fH. 

*- -j^ 
, *•* * 
tperjAyrmw*. 
raMoagnin*. 
-$* m'K 

 'p. 104. 

corahnm^ 

 'p. 105, 

smith$onuttw#, 

 [p. X0f>. 
purpuratus, 

 [p. 107. 
chry$ogantert 

8 . PTILOPUS. 
So 

e". A deep purple patcli on tlie middle of the [p. 10S. 
breast: ablomsn orange-yellow roseieapillus, 
f". No purple patck on the middle af the breast. 
//'". No yellow band encircling behind the 
rosy-purple cap; neck yellowish green, 
with no grey tinge whatever .......^ .... mercieri, p. 110. 
k'". A yellow band encircling behind the 
pink ru>y cap: anterior part of the neck 
and crop tinged with grey at the tips 
of the feathers '..". tristrami, p. 110. 
d\ Chin pale purplish red; a very broad pectoral 
purple patch ." huttoni, p. 111. 

12. Ptilopus greyi. 

Ptilopus 
purpuratus, Bp, (nee Gm.) Comp. AD. ii. p. 19 (1834) 
(Vanikoro). 
Ptilonupus greyii, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mas. Colurabae, p. 4 (1856) 
(Loyalty Id., Me of Pines) (descr. nulla); Bp. Icon, Pia. pi. xx. 
(1857); G. M. Gr, Cat. B. Trap. M. p. 38 (1859) (Erromango) ; 
id. P, Z S. 1K39, p. 1*15: Jouan, Mem. Soc. Imp. Sc. Nat. Cherb. 

ix. pp. 95, 229 (1HB3); Marie, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxvii. p. 328 
(1869); Tridr. Ibis, 1870, p. 204 (Aniwa, eggs); Marie, Ibis, 
1877, p. m± 
Ptilopus grayi, Fen*. 4* •£><** Murs, Hep. et Mag. de Zool. 1800, 

p. 433; Gieb. Tkw. Orn. ill. p. -5i>4 (1877). 
Ptilonopus purpuratus, part, Itehnb. Tauben, p. 94 (1862). 
Ptilinopus purpuratus, part., Itehnb. op. cit. ii. p. 177 (nee tab.) (1862). 
Ptilinopus grevi, Finsch §- IlartL Orn. CentralpoL p. 126 (18(37); 

G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 225, n. 9142 (1870). 
Ptilopus greyi, Schleg. Mus. B.-B. Columbse, p. 7 (1878); Soma, 
Mm. Me, Lhb, Columbee, p. 8 (1873): Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, 

p. 523; E. L. 8? E. L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1878, pp. 261, 275, 280 
Tristr. Ibis, 1879, pp. 191,* 193; Schmeltz, Ferh. Fer, Hamb. 
1877 (1879), p. 78; E. L. 8f E. L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 231 
(eggs), 1881, pp. 133, 139, 1882, pp. 527, 544; Schalow, J. f. 0. 
1887, p. 245; Tmtr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 (1889); Hem. $ Rehnw. 
Nomencl Mm. Hem. Orn. p. 280 (1890); Wiglesio. Ibis, 1891, 

p. 582; id. Ares Polynes. p. 51, n. 263 (1891). 
Ptilonopus grayi, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 94. 
Ptilopus apicalis, Rams, (nee Bp.} P)\ Linn, Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 339 
(1879) (New Hebrides); E. L. $ E. L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1881, 

p. 139. 
? Ptilinopus fasciatus, Schalow, J. f. 0.1887, p. 245 (New Caledonia) 
(young?). 

Adult male. Upper part of the bead purple-rose or magenta, 
margined posteriorly with yellow; rest of the bead, neck, and 
breast dull greyish green; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
bronze-green ; chin and throat yellowish; a dull purple patch 
on the middle of the abdomen; lower abdomen and vent purple, 
more or less tinged with orange ; under tail-coverts dull rosecolour, 
with the edgings more or less tinged with yellow; wings 
shining green, the quills, especially the secondaries, more or less 

TREROXIDJE. 

with narrow yellow edges to the outer webs ; the tertials with 
grey spots towards the tip ; under wing-coverts grey, with a slight 
green, tinge; under surface of the quills dark grey: tail above 
green, with a subterminal pale grey band, underneath dark grey: 
u bill green with a grey tip; legs and feet dark crimen: iris 
brown chrome" {Zayard). Total length 8*5 inches, wing o, 
tail 3, bill 0-42, tarsus < )-7l>. 

Female, Like the male. 

Young. Crown green like the rest of the upper parts: leathers, 
of the underparts with distinct yelluw edging : also the upper 
wing-coverts with broad yellow edge**: ro^e abdonrlrril patch 
mixed with yellow; in very young bud^ probably the r«>>e-c dour 
is entirely replaced with yellow; vent yellow: unler tail-coverts 
partly yellow and partly rcse-colour, entirely yellow in very younu: 
birds. 

I have seen the specimen from Yanikoro; Lifu \ Loyalty T^anclM 
specimens are larger than those from "Sew Hebrides and e>peci illy 
from Yate. 

Hah. New Caledonia, with Island of Pine^ ; Loyal r\ I-d uifK Lifu ; 
Kew Hebrides—Erromango, Aniwa, Yate, M.IIIICLA and ?Api; and 
Santa Cruz Islands, Yanikoro. 

tf.Ad.sk. I4eofPine.(J/e6-V///- Yoyajvuf I I MX ) T\V^ 

vray). *iiatfi»'-naltP' , o 
//, c. Ad. et juv. sk. Loyalty I<. Sir I J. f iw\ P." i -p vh^. 
(I, e. Ad. sk. Loyalty Is. Ii>v. J. Whitim*** P. . 
ft 9-d $ ad.sk. Lifu, Loyalty Is., Jan., Salvin-* rodmau t %»1L 

A.wr.(E.Z. Zayard). 

h. i. Ad. et juv. sk. New Hebridf s. J. Mi-fiillnray, K^q. "(\ . 
l\ $ ad. bk. Port Resolution, Aiu\ J. M<kGilM\ray? E-i|_/f'.". 
1,m. Ad.etimm.sk. Erromango. J. MeKilihrav, 1WJ_, "V.", 
7i. Imm. bk. Aneiteum (E. L. Twe'ddale Coll. 
Zayard). 

o. J juv. sk. Yate Is., June (E. Z. Bah m-(h ahum Coll. 
Zayard}. 
p. 
<$ ad. sk. Maliiculo, June \E. L. Sal\m-Godman Coll. 
Zayard). 
13. Ptilopus pelewensis. 
Ptilinopus 
pelewensis, llartl § Fiw/t, P. Z. S. 16$'^ pp. 7, US 
(Pelew Islands), 1&72, p. 101; Graffe,Jour. Mm. Godeffr. Heft i. 
pi. 7. f. 5 (1878); FhmJt, Jovrn. Mm. Gwlrffr. Unit \ ill. p. 24 
(1875), xii. p. 37 (lb76); Schmeliz, Etntujr. Abih, Mm. Godeffr. 

p. 407 (note) (1881). 
Ptilopus 
pelewensis, G. E. Gray* Hand-list, ii. p. ±27}, n. 0127 
(1870); Gieb. TAes. Dm. ill. p.':W0 (1877); MiW, P. Z. .V. I878r 

p. 531; Schmetts, Verk. Ver. Eamh. 1877(1871)), p. 178; 7*m*/\ 
CW. CW/. J?, p. 44 (1889); Wiylesw. Ibis, WM7 p. 584; A/. Ares 
Folynes. p. 48, n. 251 (1891). 
Adult. Upper part of the head majrenra or rose-violet, paler on 
the forehead, and encircled behind hy a yellow margin ; re^t of the 
head, neck, and breast greyibh green ; upper parts green ; feathers 

8. PTILOPUS. 
of the upper pari of the breast crossed with concealed violet bands; 
lower brea->t and middle of the abdomen orange; lower abdomen 
and vent lemon-yellow; sides greyish green; under tail-coverts 
magenta or rose-violet, with narrow bright orange edgings *: wings 
shining green, secondaries with narrow yellow edgings to the outer 
webs; the innermost secondaries or tertials with acute violet-blue 
spots towards the tips; first primary much attenuated at the tip; 
under wing-coverts greenish grey, with yellow edgings; quills 
underneath slate-grey; tail above green with a pale yellow band at 
the tip, underneath grey: u bill lead-colour, with greenish-white 
tip ; feet dark blood-red " (Earth Sr Finsch). Totaf length about 

8 inches, wing 5*25, tail 2*7, bill 0*58, tarsus 0*8. 

Young. fci Green, with narrow yellow edgings on the tectrices and 
scapulars ; head above also green, with a pale yellow supercilium ; 
imderparts dirty olive-green; vent, anal region, and under tail-
coverts straw-yellow; on the vent some orange feathers; tail green, 
with a whitish patch on the inner webs above the end, forming an 
irregular cross band; feet and bill dark. Wing 4-8 inches, tail 2*4, 
bill 0'0:? (Earth 4' Finsch.) 

Bab. Pelew Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Pelew Is. (J. Kubary). Ralvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Pelew Is. {Petej-s). Salvin-Godraan Coll. 
c Ad. sk. Pelew Is. — Cohen, Ebq. f C."]. 
d, e. Ad. et juv. sk. Pelew Is. {Cohen). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
14. Ptilopus perousei. 
Ptilinope 
de Marie, Eombr. et Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud, pi. 29. f. 2 
(1841). 
Cohimba kurukuru snperba, Eombr. et Jacq. Ann. Sc. Nat. xvi. 

p. 316 (1841) (Balaou, lies Yiti). 
Ptilinopus perousii, Peak, U.S. JExpl Exped, p. 195, pi. 54 (1848) 
(Samoa and Feejee); Haril Archiv f. Naturg. 1852, 1, pp. 115, 
134; id. J.f.O.n. 1854, p. 169 ; Cass. U.S. Expl. Exped. 2nd ed. 

p. 274, pi. 33 (1858); Finsch 8r Earth Orn. Centralpolijn. pp. 110, 
278, t. xi. f. 1 (1867); iid. P. Z. S. 1809, p. 548 (Tonga); iid. 
J.f 0. 1870, pp. 122,131; Griiffe, J. f. O. 1870, p. 408; G. P. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 225, n. 9121 (1870/(Navigator's 14.); Finsch, 
J. f. O. 1872, pp. 32, 44; Graffe, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. i. p. 49 
(1873); Whitmee, P. Z. S. 1&73, p. 153 ; E. L. Layard, P. Z. S. 
1875, p. 435 (Yiti Levu, Yanua Levu), 1876, pp. 495 (Upolu), 
502 ; id. Ibis, 1876, pp. 392, 506; Nehrk. J f O. 1879, p. 407; 
Rchnw. J. f. O. 1891, p. 127; Eartert, Eat Vogels. p. 190 (1891). 
Ptilonopus (cle Marie), G. B. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 23 (1849). 
Ptinilopus marise, Jacq. et Puch. Voy. Pole Slid, iii. p. 115 (1853). 
Kurukuru samoensis, Des Murs ty Pr4v. Voy. Vinus, Zool. p. 247 

(1855?). 
Ptilonopus samoensis, J. Verr. MS., fide Des Murs fy PrSv. I. c. 
Ptilopus mariae, Pp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 22 (1854) j id. Comph Mend. 

* Apparently by mistake, in the original description, the under tail~co\erts 
were said to be white at base, then yellow, with tips rose-violet. 
TRER0X2D-E. 

xxxix. p. 877 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 49 (ISoo); id. Cmp d'a'i 
Ordre Pig. pp. 9, 54, n. 49 (1855) ; id. Icon. Pig. pi. 2fj (1857 I: 
North, Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. & JT. (2) ii. p. 445 (1857). 
Ptilonopus marise, G. M. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Colunibie, p. 4 (1850 s: 
«?. Cat. B. Trop. IsL p. 37 (1859); J?c/*/z5. T^e/i, p. 90. t. 240. 

f. 2586 (1862), ii. p. 178, t. iv. ff 38~-40T t. v. ff. 4% 50 (Lb02f; 
Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. ii p. 140 (15781. 

Ptilinopus csesarinus, IlartL J.f.O. 1804, p. 413 Cjuv.. Titi Leiu*. 

Ptilinopus marise, G, P. Gr. %Hand-lht, ii. p. 225, n. Oli'U «lb70j 

(Feejee IsL). 

Ptilopus perousii, Schleg. MILS. P.-B. Culumbse. p. 10 (1^73); Soi^a, 

Mus. Xac. Lisb. Columke. p. b (187:31 : Gieb. Thrs. Oru. hi. p. ;J0U 

(1877) ; JSl/iot, P. Z. S. 187b, p. 545 (part, r) ; ScJaneltz, Tirh. Vet. 

Ramb. 1877 (1879), p. 179; Tristr. Cat. 'Cll. B. p. 44 i 1^9,: 

Wiqlew. Ibis, 1891, p. 5fe0 ; id. Avts Polyats. p. 51, n. 204 
(1891). 
Ptilonopus perousii, WMimee, Ibis, lfc7ot p. 441 : E. L. Zatfard, 

P. Z. S. 1870; pp. 495, 502. 
Adult male. Front and crown, and a broad band across the ku*k, 
continued over the smaller upper wing-coverts, daik purple-red ; 
rest of the bead, neck, and abdomen pale white-} ellow ; iWttliei^ of 
the breast, split at their ends, have a rose-red band showing through 
the white tips; beneath these there is a broad purple numl, %\ith a 
yellow or orange tinge showing through : tinder tail-coverts rose-
purple ; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts pale greenish yellow ; 
upper wing-coverts (except the smaller ones I and tertials light grey, 
with greenish-yellow edgings; quills above dark bronze-green ; 
under wing-coverts light grey, under surface of the quills dark grey ; 
tail light grey, with the edges of the feather** greenish } ellow, and 
with an imperfect green band towards the tip: "iria, redr {Pealt^ 
uwhitish" (Hombron\ "light gold, or yellow-buff; bill green or 
slate-bluish; feet green or greenish'" {Layard). Total length 
&2D inches, wing 5, tail 3-25, bill 0*47, tarsus 0*9. 

Femah. According to Layard different from the adult male. 
Forehead and crown purple-red; occiput and hind neck green, with 
a grey tinge ; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bronze-green ; 
sides of the head and neck greyish green, chin and throat whitish ; 
breast grey, the feathers with a concealed dark purple hund, and 
with the base more or less green ; on the lower breast a dull orange 
patch; abdomen pale greenish yellow; under tail-coverts magenta; 
wings shining green; greater wing-coverts and inner secondaries 
edged with yellow, the latter with a blue tinge towards their tip ; 
primaries deep bronze-green; tail above bronze-green, with a subterminal 
grey spot on the inner web of the lateral tail-ieatherb ; 
"bill green ; legs green ; iris yellow-buff" (Layard). 

Young. Resembles the female, but the occiput and hind neck are 
green, without the grey tinge; also the sides of the head and of the 
neck are green ; throat grey; feathers of the brea&t green, with 
grey tips and devoid of the concealed dark purple bands; abdomen 
dull yellow; under tail-coverts lemon-yellow ; wings and tail as in 
the female: " bill and feet green ; iris yellow-bufff* (Layard). 

8. PTILOPUS. 
The majority of the Fiji and Tonga birds have an incomplete green 
hand on the tail, which is generally wanting in the Samoa birds; 
the latter have the tail entirely light grey. 

This species passes through many stages before assuming the 
full dress. In not fully adult males the smaller upper wing-coverts 
are scarcely tinged with deep purple-red, the purplish band on 
the lower breast is wanting or scarcely visible, and the tail shows a 
more or less complete green subterminal band. The young bird 

(P. ettsarinus) is so very different from the adult that even Mr. E. 
L. Layard (P. Z. S. 1875, p. 436) thought that it could not belong 
to the present species, but to P. fasciatus; he declares that he hail 
never seen a specimen of P. perousei with yellow vent-feathers (or 
under tail-coverts ?): but there is one collected by him in Mr. Seebohm's 
collection, and several among the birds enumerated below. 
The adult female of this species has a ceitain resemblance to 

P. ypulchelliis. 
Bab. Samoa Islands—Upolu, Savaii; Tonga Islands—Tongatabu 
; and Fiji Islands—Balaou, Mathuata, ]ST,gau, Viti Levu, Ovalau, 
VTaikaia, Mokani, Yanua Levu, Loma-loma, Mango, Kandavu, 
Kanathia, Yatu Lele. 

«, b. $ ad. et ad. Upolu, Samoa, Aug. J. Brenchlev, E^q. 
c. <$ a d tek. 
d. S ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
Samoa. 
Samoa. 
Samoa. 
[p.]. " 
Godeffroy Museum. 
Kev. J. B. Stair [P.]. 
Rev. J. Wliitmee 
/ , y, h. 6 $ ad. sk. Savai, JulyBrown). 
(Rei\ G. 
[p.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L <$ ad. sk. Savage Is. Rev. J. "Wliitmee 
k. $ ad. sk. N'gau Is, Fiji. Vovage of H.M.S. 
/. rf ad. sk. 
m. <$ ad. sk. 
Vltu Levu, Aug. (JE. L. 
Layard). 
Ovalau, Bee. {E. L. 
OHerald' [C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godiuan Coll. 
n, o. d ad. et juv. 
Lay ant). 
Re* a, Oct. (R L. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. 
p, q. <f % juv. sk. 
r, s. S juv. sk. 
t, u. d ad. et yellow 
var. sk. 
Layard). 
Wakaia, Dec. (E. L. 
Layard). 
Bua, Dec. (E. L. Layard). 
Bua. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Purchased. 
v, $ ad. sk. Mango Is., Dec. (E.
Layard), 
L. Tweeddale Coll. 

15. Ptilopus dupetit-tliouarsi. 
Coluraba Du 
Petithouarsii, Nebour, Rev. Zool 1840, p. 289; Less. 
Descr. Mamnu et Oh. p. 209 (1847). 
Columba kurukuru purpuro-Ieucocephalis (sie), Ilombr. fy Jacq, Ann. 
So. Nat. xri. p. 316 (1841). 

TRERONID-33. 

Ptilinope de Dupetit-Thouars, Bomfa: § Jacq. Toy. Pule Sud, pi. 29. 

Ptilouopus purpuroleucocepkalus, G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 407, n. 24 
(1844). 
Ptilonopus leucocephalus, G. R. Gi\ Li*t Gallium Brit. Mm. p. 2 
(J 844). 

Id. p. 36 (lboO). 

Ptilinopus dupetit-thouarsi, HartL Arch.f Xntury. l^-rl. 1. p. 130; 
Jky. # Pucker. Toy. Pole Swl ill. p* 114. pi. 2U. f. 1 <lvJ:Ji; 
JHkrt/. /./. 0. 1*554, p. 170; J% ^ A* Ifw//. Or//. Centra'^. 

p. 129 (18157) ; *Y//$cA, P. Z. S lb74, p. 94. 1^77, p. 410; 6^/TP//. 
Ethnogr. Abiheil Mm. Gvdejfr. p. 2'b fi^lj. 
Tliouar&itieron leucocephala, Up. Con*p. Ac. ii. p. 10 (l*v34): zV. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 670 (1^04), si. p. 210, n. **2 f K>5); id. 
Coup d'adl Or dr. Pig. pp. &, 54, II. ;32 (1>J5J : -"//. /* w/. Pig. pi. 17 
(1857). 

Kurukuru dupetit-thouarsi, !>« Jlwrs 4* -?'/*<'*:. !'»//. TCnvs^ Zual. 
pp. 241, 20b (nee pi. 7) (lv>0 •*). 

Thouar&itreron dupKitthuuarsii, lirhib. Tanfan. p. ',*•'». t. 240. f, 25^7 
(1802) : Cr. P. Gr. Iland-lut* ii. p 220, xi. Woo IINOI; *W/f, 
J/w$. Nac. L sb. Columbie, p. 7 {bS"'J). 

Ptilopus dupetit-thouarsi, Schlry. Mm. P.-B. C* luniki*, p. l'-l (l^7'-U ; 
Gieb. Tkes. Orn. in. p, :303 (1S7); i?/iW, JP. /. *V. W% pp. 012, 
(>#.*; iSchmeltz, Terh. Ter. Ilamb. 1^77 fiH7ilf, p. 1711; frith: 
Ibis, 1*81, p. 251; £**/*«. ( W. Z/. #/•**/. <VL p. 555 <1 ^'2); Jh^/r. 
C/£. Co//. A p. 44 (lN^lj; Witjlesir. Ibi% W.H, p. OOti. 

Terenotreron dupftit-tkouars>i, Heine ty Itchnw. JSommil Mm. Iltin. 
Om. p. 280(181)0}. 
Ptilopus petit-tkouarsi, Wigleni: Ares Polynes. p. 48, n. 24*5 (1*01). 

Adult. Top of head whitish, surrounded faintly with a yellowish-
green narrow band ; anterior part of the cheeks whitish ; throat and 
spot in front of the eye pale yellow; neck and upper part ot back 
greyish green; feathers of the breast yellowish olive, tipped with 
greyish green; underparts olive, becoming yellower on the abdomen 
and pure yellow on the under tail-coverts; in the middle of the 
breast a rosy patch, surrounded with dull orange; back and wings 
green, with a yellow cast; primaries blue-green, secondaries and 
greater wing-coverts bright green, edged with yellow; larger scapulars 
and tertials with large deep blue subapicii spots and ed^ed 
with golden green ; under wing-coverts greenish grey; quills below 
grey; tail above bright green, below grey, with a broad apical pale 
yellow band: " bill horn-green; eye-ring bright red ; feet pale red M 
{Garrett). Total length about 9 inches, wing b-U, tail 3*4, bill 0*45, 
tarsus 0*9. 

Hah. Marquesas Islands—Christina, Nukahiwa. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk. 
Marquesas Is. 
Marquesas R 
Marquesas Is. 
Gould Coll. 
Purchased. 
Sir E. Belcher [IV. 
d. Ad. sk. Nukahiwa, Marquesas Is. Purchased. 

8. 
PTILOPUS. 91 
16. Ptilopus xanthogaster. 
Ooluniba purpurata, Te?nm. (nee Gm.) PL Col. 254 (livr. 43, 1824); 
Besm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 339 (partirn) (1826). 
? Ptilinopus purpuratus, Steph. (nee Gm.) Gm. Zool xiv. p. 277 

(1826). 
Columba xanthogaster, Wagl. Syst. Av. Colurnba, p. 29 (1827). 
Colurnba diaciernata, Temm.Pl. Col 254 (ihr. 95,1835): Mull. Verh. 

Land-en Volkenk. p. 119 (18:39-1844); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. 

p. b3(1872). 
Columba flavijraster, 8w. Claw B. ii. p. 347 (1837). 
Ptilonopus xanthosraster, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 466, n. 4 (1844); 
id. List B. Brit. Mus. Columba, p. 5 (18-'6) (Marian e Island!); id. 
Cat B. Trap. Isl. p. 30 (1859; j Marti. $ Fimch, Orn. Centralpol. 

p. 122 (1807). 
Kurakuru xanthograster, Des Mars Sr Prev. Toy. Venus, Zool. pp. 238, 
268(1855?). ^ ^ 
Thouarsitreron diademata, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 16 (1854); id. 
Co?npt. Bend, xxxix. p. 876 (1854), xl. p 210, n. 33; id. Coup d'ceil 
Ordre Pig. p. 8, 54, n. 33 (1855), xliii. p. 834 (1850); Rchnb. 
Tauben, p. 93, t. 238. ff. 1326-27 (1862). 

u Trygon (Ptilinopus) diadematus, Rchnb." G. R. Gr. (errore) List 

B. 
Brit. Mas. Oolumbae, p. 6 (1850). 
Ptilonopus 
diadematus, G. It Gr. P. Z. S. 18C0, p. SCO: Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 170 (lh65): Wall. Ibis, 1805, p. 3K), n. 31; Finsch 
ty HartI. Orn. Centralpol. p. 124 (1867); Wall. Malay. Archip. 

i. p. 457 (1809). 
Ptilopus aurautiiventris, Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. 2nd. xxix. 
p. 144 (1867) : id. Reis naar Zuidoostereil pp. 81, 80, 125 (1807). 
Ptilopus diadematus, Schley. N. T. D. iii. p. 340 (1800); Rosenb. Reis 
naar Zuidoostereil. p. 125 (1867); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Oolumbae, 

p. 11 (1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 303 (1877); Rosenb. Malay. 
Archip. p. 372 (1879). 
Thouarsitreron xanthogaster, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 226, n. 9136 
(1870). 
Ptilopus xantbogaster, 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 199, n. 31 
(1876); Elliot, P. Z. S.1878, p. 540; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 6'2-, 
id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 059 (1«79); Meyer, Verb. z.-b. 
Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 709 (Lettie); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. 
pp. 4, .554 (1882); Sclat. P. Z. S. Ib83, pp. 51, 195, 200 (Timor 
Laut); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, pp. 430,433, n. 47; id. Nat Wander. 

p. 306 (1885); Biittik. Not. Lei/d. Mus. \iii. p. G6 (1886); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (Tenimber Isl.) (1889); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. 
Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 50 {Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 176) (1891). 
Ptilopus flavovireseens, Meyer, SB. u. Abh. Ges. Isis, 1884, Abb. i. 

p. 50 (Timor Laut, Tenimber); Salvad. Ibis, 1884, p. 355; id. 
P. 
Z. S. 1884, p. 580; id. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 50 
(Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 176) (1891). 
Ptilonopus flavovirescen&, Pelz. 8f Lor. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. iii 

p. 47 (1888). 
Terenotreron 
xanthogaster, Heine # Rchnio. Nomencl. Mtis. Hein. 
Orn. p. 280 (1890) (Aru I). 

Adult. Head and neck grey; top of the bead bounded, except 
in front, by a narrow yellow band, which begins at the lores; back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts green, a spot at the base of the lower 

<J2 
TBEROXID-S. 

mandible, chin, and middle of the throat pale yellow: grey feathers 
of the upper breast bifid, with the base yellowish; breast orange-
yellow, with a grey patch in the middle; flanks and thighs greenibh; 
abdomen and vent yellow; under tail-coverts orange-yellow: wings 
glossy green, smaller and median wing-coverts with golden-green 
edges, the greater ones and secondaries with yellow edges ; scapulars 
and inner secondaries deep blue towards the tip and edged with 
yellow ; under wing-coverts grey, slightly edged with yellow ; quills 
underneath dark grev; tail above green, with a broad pale grey 
apical band tinged with green, and narrow edges to the feathers; 
tail below grey, with a whitish apical band: *4 bill olive-green; 
feet pale olive" (Wallace); '• Iris pale oliveM {van Ro$bnbn**j). 
Total length about 9 inches, wing 5, tail 3*14. bill 0*51, Ursti^ 
0-74. 

Some specimens from Timor Latit are Indistinguishable from 
others from Banda, having the same grey colour on the head unl 
neck, with no yellowish or greenish tinge, which, when present, 
probably denotes young age. 

I have never seen specimens from Lettie. but, according to 
Br. Meyer, who has examined two specimens from there, neither fit' 
them has the top of the head pure white-grey ; one lia< it blijrl.tly 
tinged wTith violet, and the other with bluish grey ; it heem* to me 
therefore that they require comparison. 

Hab. Banda, Khoor, Ke, Tenimber Islands, and Lettie. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. J ad. sk. 
Banda Is. 
Banda I<. 
E. WiWm, Esq. *P.\ 
Wallace Coil. 
c. Ad. sk. Damma Is., Banda Sea, P. W. Ba^ett Smith, 
d. e. $ § ad. sk.
f,g,h. $ $ ad. >k.
Nov. 
Larat, Timor Laut, July,
Aug. * 
Timor Laut, Aug., Sept. 
E-q. y.\ 
II. O. Forbes, EH|. 
'C.\ 
Twee&dale Coll. 
(S. 0. Forbes). 

17. Ptilopus richardsi. 
Ptilopus richardsi, Earns. Pr. Linn. 8oc. X & W. \i. p. 722 (1881J; 
Isature, vol. 25. pp. 282, 355; Salcad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xviii. 
p 427, n. 1 (1882); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. ill p. 554 (l^S'A); Emm. 
Pr. Linn. Sac. N. S. W. vii. p. 39 (1^2); Sclat. P. Z. S. 18-3, 

p. 348; Echnw. $ Schal. J.f. 0. 18^3, p. 405; Sharp? in Gould's 
B. of New Gum. pt. xviii. pi. 8 (18fc4); Salvad. Mem. It. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. (2) xlii. p. 50 {Agg. Orn. Pap. e MoL p. 170) (3891). 
Ptilopus rhodostictus, 
frisfr. Ibis, lfeS2, pp. 139, 144, n. 74, pi v.; 
Earns, ibid. p. 473; id. Pr. Limi. Sue. N. 8. W. vii. p. 43 
(1882); Itrhnu. $ Schal. J. f. 0. 1883, p. 405; Tridr. Cat Coll 
£. p. 45 (1889). 

Adult male. Top of the head pale grey, slightly tinged with 
vinaceous, and surrounded posteriorly with a narrow yellowish-green 
band; lores and anterior part of the cheeks grey, like the top of the 
head ; hind neck greenish yellow, with a greyish tinge, remainder of 

8. PTiLOPirs. 
the neck and breast paler ; feathers of the breast bifid, with the bases 
pale olive ; chin and throat pale yellow ; back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts green; central part of the scapulars pink; centre of the 
abdomen and under tail-coverts of a beautiful orange, the latter 
brighter and tinged with rose-colour in the middle ; wings shining 
green, with a bluish tinge, smaller wing-coverts like the back, 
secondaries edged with yellow; wings underneath lead-colour: tail 
green, with a yellow band at the tip : bill greenish, with a lighter 
tip ; feet red. Total length about 9 inches, wing 5'25, tail 3, 
bill 0*55, tarsus 0*7. 

Young. " All the upper surface green, slightly tinged with bronze 
on the wings and tail; the wing-coverts, secondaries, and scapulars 
margined with yellow ; the three or four smaller innermost secondaries 
(or tertials) having the tips and the whole of the inner web 
yellow ; except at the base, the primaries narrowly margined with 
yellow; tail above bronzy green, the tips of all the feathers ash, 
wrashed with green and distinctly margined with yellow; the under 
surface is ashy grey, the tips lighter and margined with yellow ; 
the under tail-coverts and abdomen yellow, the throat pale yellowish: 
all the rest of the under surface ashy, the tips of all the feathers 
margined with light yellow; forehead ashy; the first primary 
attenuated at the tip. Length 6-5 inches, wing 4*8, tail 2*8, tarsus 
0*8. Bill olive ; feet reddish." {Ramsay.) 

Hab. Ugi, Solomon Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. [Xew Ireland], March Godeffroy Museum 
(T. Eleinsehmidt). [PA 
b, c. S 
ad. et $ Ugi, Solomon Is. Tweeddale Coll. 
juv. sk. 

d. limn. sk. Ugi, Solomon Is. {Richards). Salvin-Godtnan Coll. 
18. Ptilopus ponapensis. 
Ptilonopus fasciatus ?, Finsch {nee Peak), Jour. Mus. Godeffr. Heft 
xii. p. 37 (1876) (PonapS). 
Ptilonopus ponapensis, Finsch, F. Z. 8. 1877, p. 779; 8chmeltz, 
Ethnogr. Abth. Mus. Godeffr. p. 358 (note) (1881). 
Ptilopus fasciatus (part.), Elliot, F. Z. 8. 1878, pp. 535, 536; Tristr. 
{nee Feale) Cat Coll. B. p. 44 (1889). 
Ptilopus 
ponapensis, ScJuneltz, Verh. Ver. Hamb. 1877 (1879), 
pp. 178,179; Fimeh, J.f. 0. 1880, p. 291; id. F. Z. 8. 1880, 

p. 570; id. Ibis, 1881, pp. 118, 115: Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, p. 583 ; 
id. Axes Folynes. p. 50, n. 261 (1891). 
Adult male. Porehead and crown to the occiput deep purple-red, 
bounded behind by an obsolete narrow yellowish band; occiput, 
sides of head, neck, crop, and upper breast greyish green, with the 
base of the feathers paler along the middle of the throat; the middle 
part of the bifid feathers of the crop olive, the base greyish white; 
lower breast and thighs grass-green; on the middle of the breast a dark 
blue-green patch, tinged with dark purple in the centre; lower abdomen, 
vent, and hind part of the thighs deep yellow; under tail-coverts 

TBEROXID-E. 

deeper yellow, the longer ones tinged with pink and reddish orange 
towards the tip ; upper surface deep grass-green, the posterior 
scapulars and the tertialswith lilac spots near the tip: quill* ^lateblack, 
with dark green tips and outer weba : innermost priinarh b, 
secondaries, and greater wing-coverts with narrow yelluw edges ; 
under surface of the wing grey, but the under witg-coverts with 
yellowish-green edges : tail-feathers dark irra-s-green, with a\el!ow 
apical band, about 0*75 inch broad. Total length about b inches. 
wing 5, tail 2-7, bill 0*45, tardus U*S. 

Hah. Ptuck group, Eastern Carolines. 

a. Ad.sk. Ruck (Hosruleu). Jiilv (JDr. Tw^ddale Co J. 
0. Finhck). 
19. PtHopus hernsheimi. 
Ptilopu- herasheimi, Fin*ch< J. f. O. l*-*K p. :H1; 7, P Z. S. 1—It, 
p. 577; id. Ibi*. 1SS1, pp. Wh 107, H*-*: ll>hn <•. & S, hi\ J. t\ 0. 
1SS1, p. 75 : Wigleaic. Ibis, lw91? p. »>•*>; vf. A M P *y/^ ». p. 01, 
n. 202 (1891). 
^IcZifZtf ???a7e- Forehead and crown to the rmluif df^p T urple-nd, 
surrounded behind by an obsolete narrow yellowish band ; wlput, 
sides of head, neck, crop, and upper breast greyish «j;m n, with the 
base of the feathers dull yellowibh, the middle part oi tht* fan at* d 
feathers of the crop olive^ the ba^e trreji^h whin*; rhin \ta*hed 
with yellowish; lower breast and thigh* gra^-green; low er abdomen, 
vent, and hind part of the thighs deep yellow ; under tail-coverts 
deeper yellow, the longest tinged vtitli reddish orange toward^ the 
tip; upper surface deep grass-green; the posterior seapul.irs and 
the tertials with lilac spots near the tip; quilts *date-hliek, with 
dark grass-green outer edges and bronzy reflection*; iiiuermrnt 
three primaries with narrow yellow edtres near the tip: under 
surface of the wing grey ; under wing-coverts ffrey, with yellowish-
green edges ; tail-feathers dark grass-irreen. with a briirlit yellow 
apical band, about 0*9 inch broad: *w bill oil-green ; narrow ring 
round the eyes oil-yellow'*; irifles with an inner ring yellowish 
brown, and an outer one dirty white; feet dull purple-red ; tarsus 
with green feathers v (Fiasdi). Total length about fe-5 inches, 
wing 5-1, tail 3, bill 0'58, tarsus 0-S5. 

Female. " A little smaller; nape and hind neck duller grey; 

lower abdomen darker green; otherwise like the male. Wing i*b 

inches, tail 2-1." (Fmseh.) 

This species differs from the allied P. pomjiemk in wanting entirely 

the bright coloured patch either on 
the breast or on the abdomen, 

and in the broader bright deep yellow band at the end of the tail. 

Hob. Kushai or Ualan, E. Carolines. 

a. 
<s ad.sk, Kushai, Febr. (Dr. 0. Finseh). Tweeddale Coll. 
(One of the types of the tpecieb.) 
0. PTILOPUS. 
Vo 

20. Ptilopus swainsoni. 
? Columba purpurata, part., Temm. Pig. et Gall i. p. 282 (prem. var.) 

(1613). 
Columba purpurata, var. regina, Sw. Zool. Journ. i. p. 474 (1825). 
Columba purpurata, Jard. § Selb. (nee and.) Ill Orn. ii. pi. 70 

(1825-43). 

Ptilinopus 
swainsoni, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 18 (River Clarence 
and Moretun Bar); id. Birds Austr. v. pi. 55 (pt. -vii. 1842); 
Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 231, n. 1398 (1849; ; Rchnb. Fog, 
Keuholl. n. 278 (lb50); Gould, Handb. B. Au&tr. ii. p. 106 
(1865) j G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 224, n. 9116 (1870) ; Earth § 
Finsch, Faun. Centralpolyn. p. 125 (1867) j Gr'afe, Journ. Mm. 
Godefr. pt. i. pi. 7. f. 6 (1873); Rams. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 114; id. 
Fr. Linn. Soc. JV. 8. W. ii. p. 195, n. 513 (1878) ; id. Tab. Lut, 

p. 17, n. 527 (1SSS) ; Eariert, Eat. Fogelsamml p. 190 (1891 J. 
Ptilonopus swainsoni, 
G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 466, n. 6 (svn. emend.) 
(1844); id. List B. Brit. Mm. Columba?, p. 2 (1856); Bclmb. 
Tanben<y. 94, t. 235. ff. 1309-10 (1802) ; Pelz. Wavara Beise, Fog. 

p. 104(1865). 
Ptilopus 
swainsoni, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 19 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 877 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 40 (1855); id. Couptfceil 
Ordre Big. pp. 8, 54, n. 40 (1855); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columba, 

p. 4 (1^73); ~8ousa, Mm. Xac. Lisb. Columbss, p. 8 (1873); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 308 (1877); 8atv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. ooo 
(1S82); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 63 (1882); Sharpe, Fog. 
1 Alert; p. 25 (part.) (1884). 
Kurukuru 
swainsoni, IJes Mars $ Pre v. Fog. Finns, Zool. pp. 250, 
269 (part.) (1855:-). 
Ptilopus regina, Elliot, P. Z. S.1878, p. 531; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. 

p. 45 (lb82); Heine 4* Bchmc. Nomencl Mus. Eein. Orn. p. 280 
(1890). 
Adult. Green ; forehead and crown rose-lilac, surrounded, except 
in front, with a narrow ring of yellow ; back of the neck greyish 
green ; upper surface green tinged with yellow, the green on the 
wings more brilliant, having a glossy appearance; scapulars and 
tertials deep blue towards the tips and broadly edged with golden 
green.; quills with narrow yellow edges, broader on the inner 
secondaries; chin and upper throat pale yellow ; lower throat and 
breast dull green, each feather forked at the end, which is silvery 
grey ; a lilac transverse band between the breast and the abdomen ; 
abdomen orange, sides, flanks, and thighs green; vent yellow ; under 
tail-coverts yellow, stained with orange; under wing-coverts 
greenish grey, with yellowish edges ; quills underneath grey; tail 
above green, below grey and with a yellow band at the tip : " irides 
reddish orange; bill greenish black and horn-colour at tip; feet 
olive-brown " (Gould). Total length 8*5 inches, wing 5'25, tail 3, 
bill 0-48, tarsus 0*84. 

Female. Smaller; of a brighter green above and on the breast, 
and with the yellow under tail-coverts less stained with orange. 

Young. Bronze-green above, with the feathers of the back, wings, 
and tail edged with yellow; a yellow line from the lores over the 
eyes ; throat yellowish green ; underparts green, with the edges of 

TREROyiDJE. 

the feathers yellow, broader on the abdomen; under tail-coverts 
yellow. 
Immature "birds have a few purple-red feathers scattered on the 
upper part of the head, and some orange tinge on the lower breast. 

Hob, Eastern Australia, from Cape York to Xew South Wales, 
the islands in Torres Strait, and also S.E. Xew Guinea, where 
apparently it is a straggler. 

a, A.&. sk. Port ^ Moresby, S.E. New Salvln-Godman Coll. 
b, c. S ad. et $
Guinea (A. G oldie), 
Booby Is., Torres Strait^ 1 AlertT Expedition. 
juv. sk.
d.y S imm.sk. 
Aug. (Dr. Cop ping er). 
Prince of Wales Is., Auir. 1 Alei t' Expedition. 
{Dr. Coppinger). 
e. Pull. sk. Thursday Is., July (Dr. Cop'
Alert* Expedition. 
pinger). 
f. $ ad. sk. Ho wicks Group, August Vuyaare of H.M.8. 
(Capt. Stanley). ''Rattlesnake.* 
(/. h, i, 6 ? ad. Moretun Bay (F. Strange}. Gould Coll. 
et 2 juv. sk. 
k. $ juv. sk. Pine River, Nov. Gould Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Gape York. Gould Cull. 
m. 6 ad.sk. Cape York,
Stanley). 
Oct. (Capt. Vojasje of II.M.S. 
* Rattlesnake.1 
n, o. Ad. sk. Somerset, Cape York (J. T. Tweeddal** Coll 
Cockerel I). 
p. Ad. &k. Somerset. Cape York (J. T. Salvin-Godman Coll 
Cockerel I). 
q. Ad. sk. N. Australia (J. T. CockSal 
\ in~G udman ColL 
erel!). 
r. Juv. sk. X. Australia. J. T. Cockerel! [C.]. 
s, t Ad. sk. Port Albany. Purchased. 
it. Ad. sk. Port Albany (C. Co:mi). T weecMale Coll. 
i\ ic, x. Ad. sk. Queensland' (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y.
z, 
Ad. sk. 
a'. S ad. et 
Queensland. 
Port Molle, Queensland, May 
II. Seebohm, Esq. 
[P-I. 
' Alert7 Expedition. 
juv.sk. (Dr. Coppinger). 
V. Ad. sk. N. S. Wales. Purchased. 
</, &'. Ad. rt. N. S. Wale*. Rev. A. Strong- [P." 
e',f. Ad. sk. [Pelew Is.] — Cohen [C.]. 

21. Ptilopus ewiagi. 
Ptilinopus ewingi, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 19 (Port Essington); id. 
B. Austr. v. pi. 56 (pt. vii. 1842); Rchnb. For/. Neuholl. p. 318, 
n. 417 (1850); GouM, Handb. B. Amtr. ii. p. 107 (1805); G. R. 
Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 224, n. 9117 (1870); Sams. Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N. S. W. ii. p. 195, n. 514 (1878); Masters, Pr. Linn. Soc. W. S. 
W. ii. p. 274 (1878) (Port Darwin); Rams. Tab. List, p. 17, 
n. 528 (1888). ^ 
Ptilonopus ewingi, 
G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 466, n. 5 (1844); id. 
List B. Brit. Mm. Columbse, p. 8 (1856) ; Rchub. Tauben, p. 94, 

t. 285. ff. 1307-8(18(32). 
Kurukuru, part., Less, Comph de Buff. viii. p. 38 (1837); id. 2nd ed. 
p. 277 (part.) (1838). 
8 . PTILOPUS. 
97 

Kurukuru roseicapillus, part., Des Murs fy Priv. Toy. VSnus, Ois 

p. 262 (1855?). 
Ptilopus ewingi, Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 20 (1854); id. Compt Rend. 
xxxix. p. 877 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 41 (1855); id. Coup (Pail Ordr. 
Pig. pp. 8, 54, n. 41 (1855) ; id. Icon. Pig. pi. 24. f. 1 (1857); 
Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Columb®, p. 5 (part.) (1873); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 363 (1877). 
Ptilopus swainsoni, JEkey (nee Gould), P. Z. S. 1857, p. 27 (Quail 
Island, near Port Paterson). 

Adult male. Green ; forehead and crown rose-purple, margined 
behind with yellow; sides of head greyish green ; upper parts green, 
with a yellowish tinge, the green of the wing with a glossy 
appearance: scapulars and tertials deep blue towards the tips, and 
broadly edged with golden green ; quills with narrow yellow.edges ; 
throat yellow; crop-feathers green, tipped with grey; breast-feathers 
green, tipped with yellow ; abdomen orange, with a pale rose-lilac 
band across the upper part; flanks and thighs green; vent yellow; 
under tail-coverts orange-yellow; under wing-coverts grey, edged 
with yellowish green; quills underneath grey; tail green above, 
grey underneath, with a broad terminal yellowish-white band: 
" irides orange; feet olive" (Gould), "or brownish ; bill black, with 
yellow tip" (Elliot). Total length 8 inches, wing 4-6, tail 2-8, 
bill 0*55, tarsus 0-6. 

Eab. Northern Australia from Port Essington to Cape York 
(Ramsay). 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Capt. W. Chambers 

d. Ad. sk. Port Essington. Gould Coll. 
e,f-3 S ad. sk Quail Isl., N.W. Australia. J. R.Elsey,Esq.[P.]. 
22. Ptilopus flavicollis. 
Columba purpurata, Temm. <§* Knip (nee Gm.), Pig. i. pi. 34 (bad) 
(1808-11) (Timor fide Bonaparte). 
Columba purpurata, part., Temm. Pig. et Gall. i. p. 283 (1813) 
(Timor) ; Less, (nee Gm.) Tr. d'Orn. p. 472 (1831) (Timor). 

Ptilonopus purpuratus, Selby, Nat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 103 (part.) pi. 3 
(ex Knip fy Temmincl) (1835) (Timor) j Rchnb. Syn. Av. f. 1305 
(1847) (ex Selby). 

Ptilonopus flavicollis, Q. R. Gr. MS. (1854); Finsch $ Bartl Orn. 
Centralpolyn. p. 125 (1867); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 225, 

n. 9125 (1877). 
Ptilopus flavicollis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 20 (1854) (Timor); id. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 877 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 42 (1855); id. 
Coup cCceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 8,54, n. 42 (1855); id. Icon. Pig. pi. 20 a 
(25 in the Index) (1857); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 8 
(1873) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 364 (1877). 

Ptilonopus flavocollis, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit Mus. Columbia, p. 3 
(1856) (Timor). 
Ptilonopus flavipectus, Rchrib. Tauben, p. 94, t. 235. f. 1305 (ex 
Selby) (1862). 
Ptilonopus flavicollis, Rchnb. Tauben, p. m (186$); Wall. P. Z. S. 
1863, p. 486; id. Ibis, 1865, p. 380; id. J.f. 0.1866, p. 279. 
VOL. XXI. BL 

TEESONIDJE. 

Ptilonopus flavipectus, Finsch 4' Hartl Orn. Centralpoh/n.-p. 125 
(1867): G. M. Or. Band-list, ii. p. 225, n. 9130 (1870); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 364 (1877). 

Ptilopus ewingi, part., Schley Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 5 (1873) 
(Timor, Flores); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 533 (partim) j Meyer, 
Verk z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 708 (Timor). 

Ptilinopus fasciatus, part., G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 225, n. 9122 
(1870). 

Similar to P. ewingi, from which it is doubtfully distinct; the 
only difference appears to be the slightly yellower tinge of the 
anterior part of the neck and crop-region : " bill olive-green ; orbits 
bare, greenish olive; iris reddish orange ; feet pale olive; claws 
dusky " ( Wallace). Total length about 8 inches, wing 4-5, tail 2*7, 

bill 0*5, tarsus 0*7. 
Hob. Timor and Elores. 
a. Ad. sk. Timor. Levden Museum. 
(Tvpe of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Timor. Wallace Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Timor. Salvin-frorinian Coll. 
d, e. c? ad. et ad. sk. Semao, Timor. Wallace C« 11. 

23. Ptilopus fasciatus. 
Ptilinopus fasciatus, 
Peak, U.S. ExpL Exp. p. 103. pi 33 UMR) 
(Samoa Isl.) ; Hartl JVietpn. Arch.f. Sating. l^oi>, pp. no, 134; 
Cass. U.S. ExpL Exp. p. 271, pi. 31 (1K3*); Ilehib. Tauhen, ii. 

p. 177, Suppl. t. 4. rf. 34, 35 (lbU2); HartL «V Finwk, Orn. 
Centralpol p. 115 (part.), t. 2. f. 3 (egg) (1867); Finsch, J. f. O. 
1872, pp. 32, 45; Gruffe, Joum, Mm. Godeffr. Heft i. p. 49. t. 7. 
f. 2 (1873); Kehrk. J. f. O. 1879, p. 407. 
Kunikaru clementinse, JDes Murs et Preu. Toy. Vtnus^ Ok. p. 2t*4 
(1855?). 
Ptilopus clementinse, part., Bp. Camp. Av. ii. p. 22 (1854); id. Icon. 
Pig. pL xxii. f. 1 (Samoa), pi. xxiv. f. 2, juv. (1857). 
Ptilopus apicalis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 23 (1854) (Vavao (!), Samoa): 
id. Compt. Rend. xxix. p. 87G (L^54), xl. p. 216, n. 43 (1855); id. 
Coup (Pail Ordr. Pig. pp. 0, 54, n. 43 (1K>5); Gieh. Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 362 (1877)5 Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 527; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p. 43 (1889). 
Lamprotreron apicalis, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 877 (1854). 
Ptilonopus fasciatus, G. P. Gr. But B. Brit. Mm. Columbse, p. 4 
(1850); id. Cat B. Tiop. Isl. p. 37 (1859); id. Kand-l. ii. p. 225, 

n. 9122 (part.) (1870); Whitm. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 152; id. Ibis, 
1875, p. 442; Finsch, P. Z. S. Ib77, p. 783; Earns. Pr. linn. Soc. 
N.8. WM p. 140(1878). 
Ptilonopus clementinse, G, It. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl p. 38 (part.) 
(1859); Echfib. Tauhen, i. p. 96 (part.), t. 240. f. 2588 (1862). 
Ptilopus fasciatus, Selai. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 325 (living specimen), 
1863, p. 1; Schhg. Mm. P.-B. Columbse, p. 6 (1873); Sovsa, 
Mm. Nae. Lisb. Columbie, p. 8 (1873) (Samoa); E. L. if* E. L. C. 
Layard, Ms, 1878, p. 261: Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 535 (part.); 
Sciat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 444 (1883); Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, 

p. 578; id. Aves Polynes. p. 40, n. 258 (1891); id. Ibis, 1892, 
p. 345. 
Ptilinopus apicalis, Finsch § Hartl Orn. Centralpol. p. 121 (1867); 
8. PTILOPUS. 
DO 

G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 225, n. 9123 (1870); Layard, P. Z. & 
1877, p. 464. ' 
Ptilinopus fa^ciatus, Graffe (nee Peale), Journ. Mus. Goiefr. Heft i. 

p. 45, t. 7. f. 2 (1873). 
Pulonopus apicalis, Layard, Ibis, 1876, p. 506: id, P. Z. S. 1870 
p. 495, 1877, p. 464; id. Ibis, 1878, p. 261. 
Ptilopus pictiventris, Elliot, Ann. 8f Mag, N, H. (5) L p. 349 (1878); 
id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 530, pi. xxxiii. (Navigators1 and Friendly 
Islands !); E. L. Layard, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 316; Schmeltz, Verh. 

Ver. Hamb. 1877 (1879), p. 178: Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 44 
(1889). * 

Adult male. Front and crown rosy purple or magenta, faintly 

margined posteriorly with yellow ; throat yellowish white ; occiput, 

neck, and breast greyish green; flanks green ; a dark purple band 

separates the abdomen from the breast; middle of the abdomen tinged 

with rufous ; lower abdomen and vent yellow; under tail-coverts 

yellow, tinged with orange, or even but very faintly with rosy, 

especially the longer ones; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bronze-

green ; wings shining green, the quills with narrow yellow edges ; 

inner secondaries or tertials with beautiful lilac spots towards the tip ; 

tail above green, with a broad yellow band at the tip, beneath dark 

grey, with an apical light grey band tinged with yellow: " iris 

yellow-buff; bill green-grey: feet purple" (E. L. Layard). Total 

length 9 inches, wing 5-3, tail 3*2, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*85. 

F&male. Like the male, but the neck and breast, and especially 

the hind part of the former, greener. 

Young. Almost entirely green ; feathers of the back, underparts, 

and upper wing-coverts broadly edged with yellow; lower abdomen 

and under tail-coverts pure yellow. 

" It is not difficult to follow the development of P. fasciatus 
in its different stages of growth. The young bird is at first (almost) 
entirely green, with yellow-tipped feathers below, yellow under 
tail-coverts, and a grey (sometimes pale yellowish) band at the end 
of the tail. The magenta feathers of the cap first begin to sprout 
at the forehead ; soon afterwards the yellow-tipped feathers upon 
the breast are lost, the orange under tail-coverts and yellow cross-
band of the tail are assumed, and the ehestnut-red [rufous] of the 
abdomen begins to make its appearance, when the bird becomes P. 
apicalis, Ep. The remaining yellow-tipped feathers of the abdomen 
are now lost, and the purplish-black band separating abdomen and 
breast is produced, and the bird shows the plumage of P. pictiventris, 
Elliot. With the final acquisition of the deep magenta abdominal 
patch the full dress of the adult P. fasciatas is seen." (Wiglesworth.) 

This species differs from the allied ones in having the band at the 
tip of the tail yellow, the middle of the abdomen tinged with 
rufous, and the spots near the tip of the tertials lilac. 

Bab. All the Bamoan Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Samoa. Zool. Society's Coll. 
b. Imm. sir. Samoa. Rev. J. B. Steir [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Samoa. Purchased, 
n2 

100 TKEEONID-E, 
d. Ad. sk. Samoa. Gould Coll 
e. f. Ad. sk.
' 
Samoa. Eev. J. 
HP."1 . 
Whitmee 
c/. Ad. sk.
\ i, k. 5 ad. et 
Samoa. 
Apia, Samoa, Dee,, Jan. (E. 
J. "Brencbley [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
$ J imm. sk.
I. $ imm. sk.
m. S ad. sk. 
L. Layard). 
Apia, Samoa, Dec. (JS. L.
Layard). 
Upolu, Samoa, Dec. (E. L. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
n} o. d ad. sk.
Layard). 
Savaii, July (Bev. G. Brcnm). Salvin-Godman Cull. 

24. Ptilopus porphyraceus. 
Purple-crowned Pigeon, part., Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. 2. p. &2H 11783) (ex 
Tonga Tabou); Bechst. Lath Uebers. ii. p. 007 (1794); Lath. 
Gen. Hist. "viii. p. 64 (1852). 

Co1umba purpuraia, part, G?n. S. X. i. 2, p. 784, p. 64 (1786!; 
Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 598, n. 17 (part.) < 1790); Bechst. Lath. Uebers. 

ii. p. 607 (part.) (1811); Temm. Hist Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 2-2, 28:3, 
475 (prem. var. et var. ex Tonga Tabou) (1S13); Steph. Gen. 
Zool. xi. p. 60 (part.) (1810); Desm. Diet. Se. Xat xl. p. #*$> f L*26j; 
Wagl Syst. A v. Columbse, L sp. SO (part.) (I±>7); id. Im\% 1^29, 

p. 742 (ex Tonga Tabu). 
Colomba kurukuru, Tar., Temm. $• Kaip, Pig. i. pi. 35 (lb0^-ll1. 
Columba purpurata, var., Temm. <§• Knip7 Pig. I. fam. f-ec. p. 7ft, 
pi. 35* (1808-11); Temm. Hist Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 283, 475 
(1813). 
Columba porphyracea, part., Forst. MS.; Temm. Tr. Liiui, Sue. xiiL 

p. 130 (1851)" (ex Pig. pi. 35); Wagl. Imf 1820, p. 742 (part.). 
Tabuan Pigeon, Lath. Gen. Hist. \iii. p. 77 (1822): G. B. Gr. Cat* 
B. Trop.Ld.y.masm. 
Columba tabuensis, Lath. MS. Me G. B. Gr. Cat B.Tmihlsl^SS 
(1859). 
Columba yiridissima, Temm. PL Col. in the text of C. diademata, 

p. 2 (livr. 95, 1824) (ex PL Col. 35*). 
Columba foisteri, Desm. Diet Sc. Xat. xl. p. 340 (1826); less. 
Compl. de Buf.f Ois. ii. p. 34 (1837) (ex Tonga Tabou); id. op. cit. 
2nd ed. p. 278 (1838). 

Columba porpbyrea, part., Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 31 (1827). 
Ptilonopus purpuratus, Selk Xat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 103 (teat, but 
not plate) (1835). 
Ptilinope de Clementine, Hombr. 8f Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud. Atlas. 
pi. 29. £3(1841). 
Columba porpbyracra (errore% Forst Descr.An. p. 167 (part.) (1844) 

(ex Tonga Tabu). 
Ptilonopus" porpbyreus, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 4&(>f n. 2 (1844). 
Ptilonopus viridissimus, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 2136, n. 3 (1844); id. 

Cat B. Trop. Isl p. 38 (1859); Behnb. Tauten, L p. 95 (1862). 

* Teimninck by mistake quotes pi. 34, instead of 35, as belonging to C. viridissima. 
The bird marked as type of the latter in the Museum of Paris is the 
same as Ptilopus pietiventris, Elliot, but I have no doubt that it is not the 
real type, as Temminok's plate agrees very well with Tonga and Eji birds 
(P. porphyraceus), and not with Sainoan P.fasciatus (—picikentm). 
8* PTILOPUS. 
101 

Ptilonopus (de Clementine), G. R, Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849). 
Ptilinopus purpuratus, Hartl. {nee Gm.) Arckiv f. Natury. ia52, 

p. 134 (Tonga group). 
Ptinilopus (sic) clenientiose, Jacq. & Pucker. FOIL Pole Sud, ZooL 
iii. p. 117 (1853). 
Ptilinopus elementing Hartl J.f. 0.1854, p. 169. 
Ptilopus viridissimus, Bjp. Consp. Au. li. p. 20 (18-54); id. Compt 
Rend, xxxix. p. 877 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 44 (1855) ; id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 8, 55, n. 44 (1855). 
Ptilopus porphyraeeus, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 21 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xl. p. 216, n. 45 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. p. o4, 

n. 45 (1855); Schley. Mm. P.-B. Oolumbse, p. 8 (1873) (Tonga); 
Sousa, Mm. Sac. Lisb. Colurubas, p. 8 (1873) j Gieb. Thes. Or a. 
iii. p. 367 (1877); Putsch, Voy. ChalL, Birds, pp. 38,58 (1881); 
Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, p. 574; id. Aves Polynes. p. 50, n. 259 
(18fctt). 
Ptilopus clementinse, part., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 22 (1854); id. Compt 
Rend, xxxix. p. 677 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 48 (1855); id. Coup 
<Twil Ordre Pig. pp. 9, 54, n. 48 (1855); Wiglesio. Ibis, lb91, 

p. 579, pi. xi. 
Ptilonopus porphyraeeus, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, 
p. 3 (1856) ; Rchnb. Tauben, p. 95 (1802) ; Layard,P. Z. S. 1876, 
p. 502 (Tongatabu and Futuna LJ.). 
Ptilopus purpuratus, Bp. {nee Gm.) Icon. Pig. pi. xix. f. a (ad.), 
f. b (juv. V) (1857); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 525 (Tonga and 
Savage Islands): Schmeltz, Ferh. Fer. Hamb. 1877 (1879), p. 177; 
Tristr. Cut. Coll. B. p. 44 (part.) (1889) (Tongatabu). 
Ptilonopus porpliyracrus, G. It Gr. Cat. B. Trap. Isl. p. 38 (1859). 
Ptilonopus viridiissiinus, G. M. Gr. I c. p. 38 (1859). 
Ptilonopus clementinse, G. R. Gr. I. c. p. 38 (1859); Rchnb. Tauben, 


p. 96, pi. 240.1.2588(1802). 
Ptilinopus porphyreus, Rchnb. Tauben, t. 144 b. f. 3367 (nee descr. 
s. n. P. viridis&imi, p. 95) (1862). 
Ptilinopus fasciatus, part., Finsch fy Hartl. Orn. Centralpolyn. 
p. 115 (1867); iid. J. f. 0. 1870, p. 133; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1874, 
p. 94 (part.); E. L. Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 436, 1876, pp. 495, 
502; id. Ibis7 1876, pp. 392, 5J6; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 464; 
Schmeltz, Ferh. Fer. Hamb. 1877 (1879), p. 178. 
Ptilinopus porphyraeeus, 
Finsch $ Hartl. Orn. Centralpolyn. p. 119 
(18G7); iid. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 547; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 224, 

n. 9118 (1870) ; Finsch, P Z. S. 1877, pp. 725 (Tongatabu), 775 
(Eua, Tonga), 783 (Niuafou, Tonga). 
PtiHnopus forsteri, Finsch $* Hartl. Orn. Centralpolyn. p. 132 (1862). 
Ptilinopus viridissimus, Finsch $* Hartl. Orn. Centralpo'yn. p. 133 

(1867); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 2S5, n. 3128 (1870). 
Ptilopus bonapartei, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 225, n. 9126 
(1870) (ex Bp. Icon. Pig. pi. xix. f. a); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, 

p. 524. 
Ptilinopus porphyracrus, Finsch ty Hartl. J. f. O. 1870, p. 131 
(Tongatabu). 
Ptilopus fasciatus, Layard (nee Peale), P. Z. S. 1870, p. 495 (Fiji 
Isl.); id. Ibis, 1876, p. 392 (Fiji Isl.). 
Ptilopus porphyracrus ?, Tristr. Ibis, 1870, p. 261. 
Ptilonopus porphyraeeus, var., Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. 

p. 140 (1878). 
Ptilonopus whitmeei, Rams. 1. c. p. 141 (1878) (Savage Isl). 
102 
TREEOSIDJE. 

Ptilopus rarotongensis, part., Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878? p. 534 
(Savage Isl.). 
Ptilonopus porpliyraceus Clementinas, Wiglesw, Aves Polynes. p. oO, 

n. 260 (1891). 
Adult male, Front and crown rosy purple, faintly margined 
posteriorly with yellow; throat yellowish white; occiput, neck, 
and breast greyish green; abdomen and flanks green; a dark green 
spot, occasionally tinged with dark purple, separates the breast from 
the abdomen; vent and under tail-eoverts pure yellow, or more or 
less tinged with orange; back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bronze-
green ; wings shining green, the quills with narrow yellow edges; 
inner secondaries or tertials with lilac spots towards the tip; tail 
above green with a subapical greyish-white band, tinged with green 
and on the edges with yellow, beneath dark grey with a broad 
apical light grey band : u iris yellow; bill green-grey ; feet 
magenta" (E. L. Layard). Total length 0 inches, wing 5*4, tail 
3-2, bill 0-5, tarsus 0-85. 

Female. Similar to the male, and (if constant) with the abdominal 
dark green spot without purple tinge. 

Hah. Tonga Islands—Tongatabu, Eua, Lifuka* Hapai, Yavau, 
Niuafou, Futuna Island ; Savage Island and Fiji Islands—Balaou, 
Wakaia, Mokani, Loma-loma, Mango, and Taviuai. 

This species is easily distinguished from the ftimoan P. famulus 
by the grey instead of yellow apical tail-band, by the abdomen 
being green with no rufous-brown tinge, by the purple tinge of 
the dark green abdominal spot being absent or very faintly shown, 
and by the lilac spots near the tips of the tertials being darker 
and more bluish. 

I do not think it possible to separate Fiji from Tonga specimens 
: the band at the tip of the tail is grey in birds from both 
localities ; a purple tinge on the dark green band separating breast 
and abdomen is occasionally found in specimens from both localities; 
also the yellow under tail-coverts are often tinged with orange in 
both ; and, lastly, the spots at the tips of the tertials and scapulars 
are also the same. 

a, b. (S ad. sk. Tongatabu. t ChallengerJ Exp, 

c. Ad. sk. Tongatabu (A. Dietrich). Salvin-Godman ColL 
d. tS ad. sk. Tongatabu, Feb. (E. L. Tweeddale Coll. 
Layard). 
e7 /, g. Ad. et Tongatabu. 3. BrencMey, Esq. [P.]. 
imm. sk. 

h. Ad. sk. Friendly Isl. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
i. Ad. sk. Friendly M. Zoological Society's OolL 
k. Imm. sk. Friendly Isl. Gould ColL 
/. 
Ad. sk. Yavau, Friendly IbL, J. Brenchley, Esq, [P.], 
J uly. 

m. <$ ad. sk. Yavau, Friendly Isl., Feb. Tweeddale ColL 
(E. L. Layard). 
n, o, p. Ad. sk. Savage Isl J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.]. 
8 . PTIXOPTTS. 
103 

q. Ad. sk. Savage Isl. Rev. J. Whitmee [P.l 
r-io. c?ad. sk. Wakaia, Fiji IaL, Sept., Tweeddale Coli. 
Dec. (E. L. Layard). 
a:. 
$ ad. sk. Wakaia, Dec. (E. L. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Layard?). 

y. $ ad. sk. Ovalau, Fiji IsL R M. Rayner, Esq. [P.]. 
z, a', d ad. et $ Mango, Fiji Isl., Dec. Tweeddale Coll. 
juv. sk. (E. L. Layard). 
b't'c'. cTad.sk. Taviuni, Fiji IsL (Liar- Salvin-G-odnian Coll. 
det). 

25. Ptilopus rarotongensis. 
Ptilinopiis rarotongen&is, FLartt. fy Finsch, P. Z. S. 1871, p. -30 
(Rarotonga) j Grqffe, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. Heft l. p. 49, t. 2. f. 1 
(1873). 

Ptilonopus rarotongensis, Finsch, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 94; Garrett, 

Ethnogr. Abtheil Mus. Godeffr. p. 224 (1881). 
Ptilopus chrysogaster (part.), Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 362 (1877). 
Ptilopus rarotongensis, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 534 (part.); 8chmeltz, 

Verh. Ver. Kami. 1877 (1879), p. 178; Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, 

p. 574; id. Ave* Policies, p. 49, u. 256 (1891). 
? Ptilopus 
neglectus, tiehleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 7 (1873) 
(Viti ?); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 366 (1877); Elliot, P. Z. S.1878, 

p. 524; Bilttik. in Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, p. 574 (note). 
Adult " Front and vertex purplish violet-red, surrounded by a 
narrow indistinct line of yellow ; occiput, sides of head, neck, crop, 
and upper part of breast delicate grey, the feathers of the latter 
bifurcated and with pale yellow cross band; chin and middle of 
throat white, washed with pale yellow; breast and remainder of 
underparts yellow, purer on the vent and under tail-coverts, paler 
on the anal region; the sides washed with pale greyish green, the 
same as the feathered tarsus ; on the middle of the lower portion of 
the breast a large spot of dark purplish red ; back and upper parts 
vivid grass-green; primaries and their coverts on the outer web 
and end brilliant dark green, with a very narrow but distinct white 
margin, the inner web black; secondaries also dark green, but 
with a somewhat broader yellow margin along the outer web ; 
coverts of the secondaries dark green, narrowly margined externally 
and at the end with yellow; larger shoulder-coverts brilliant 
dark green, broadly margined at the end with grass-green; wing 
beneath ashy grey; under wing-coverts delicate grey like the 
neck; tail dark green with a broad greyish-white end; the feathers, 
except the two middle ones, are on the inner web dark grey, 
crossed above the white end by a blackish cross band; the white 
end is margined narrowly with pale yellow; tail beneath dark grey, 
at the end broadly white: bill plumbeous, tipped with pale horncolour; 
feet reddish brown; nails dark: ' irides yellow; bill 
brownish yellow; legs purple-red' {Garrett), Total length 8 

inches, wing 5, tail 3-1, bill Q-52, tarsus 011 | (!)." (Hartlaub $ 
Finsch.) 

104 TEEROyiDM. 

Young. " Vertex and hind neck green, like the back; front and 
forehead covered with a pale violet-purple patch; sides of head and 
neck grey washed with green, the crop and upper portion of breast 
with greenish yellow ; the nnderparts are of a less brilliant yellow ; 
the sides darker greyish green ; the red pectoral patch is indicated 
only by some dirty purplish feathers ; the pale yellow margins at 
the ends of the coverts of the secondaries are broader and form a 
distinct cross line ; the white end-portion of the tail-feathers is 
washed at the outer web and apex with green : bill and feet brown. 
Total length 8 inches, wing 4 7, tail 2-8, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*11 (!;/' 

(Hartl. Sf Finsch.) 
Hab. Raro tonga, Cook's or Hervey Islands. 

26. Ptilopus coralensis. 
Ptilinopus coralensis, Peale, U.S. Expl. Erped. p. 190, pi. 51 (lS4f) ; 
Kara. Arch. f. Faturg. 1852, L pp. 114, 135; id. J.f. 0. 1854, 

p. 170; Cass.U.S.Erpl Exped.2ndtd.-p.272 (parg,pl.32(l«58); 
Marti. $ Finsch, Orn. Centralpol. p. 130 (1807). 
Kurutreron coralensis, Bp. Consp. A v. ii. p. 26 (1854); id. Compt. 
Send, xxxix. p. 878 (1854), xl. p. 217, a. 00 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 10, 55, n. 60 (1855); Rchnb. Tauten, p. 93 
(1862), ii. p. 177, t. 8. f. 33 (*r Peale) (lb02); G. It Or. Handlist, 
ii. p. 225, n. 9134 (1870), 

Kurutreron chrvsogaster, Bp. (nee Gray?) Compt. Rendus, xliii. 

p. 834 (1856) (lies Marquises (!), Mits. LugjL). 
Ptilonopus coralensis. G. P. Gr. List B. Trap. Isl. p. 37 (1850); 
Selat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 9. 
Ptilonopus chaleurus, G. P. Gr. List B. Trop. Isl. p. 37 (1859) 
(Cooks Islands) (?); Finsch, P. Z. S. Ib74, p. 94. 
Ptilinopus chaleurus, Putschfy Marti. Orn. Cenfralpol. p. 131 (1807); 
iid. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 31. 
Kurutreron chaleurus, G. P. Gr. Mand4Lst} ii. p. 225, n. 9133 
(1870). 
? Ptilopus coralensis, Schleg. Mm. P.~B. Columbse, p. 14 (part.) 
(1873) (lies Marquises!); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii p. 363 (1*77); 
Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 528; Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, p. 573; id. 
Aves Polynes. p. 49, n. 254 (1891). 

Ptilopus chaleurus, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 362 (1877); Elliot, 

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 529; Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, p. 574- id. Aves 
Polynes. p. 49, n. 255 (1891). 
Type of P. chaleurus. Crown and forehead purple-violet, separated 
from the base of the culmen by a few greenish, feathers; occiput 
and nape greyish green j back and wings bronze-green; throat pale; 
sides of the head, neck, and breast greenish grey; abdomen, dull 
olive-green; vent and under tail-coverts pale yellow; quills with 
yellowish narrow edges, narrower on the primaries; first primary 
scarcely narrowed at the tip; under surface of the wings grey; 
tail above bronze-green, nearly coppery, with an obsolete greyish 
band at the tip of the lateral feathers; tail below grey, with a 
lighter terminal band: bill, legs, and feet yellowish in the skin. 
Total length about 9 inches, wing 5'6^ tail 3-8, bill 0*55, tarsus 0*9. 

Mob. Island of Carlsofif, Paumotu Group, 

8 . PTILOPTJS. 
105 
a. 
Ad. sk. [Hervey or Cook's Islands.] Zool. Soc. [P.], 
(Type of P. chakurus *.) 
27. Ptilopus smithsonianus. 
Plilinopus 
coralensis, part., Cass. U.S. Expl. Exp. 2nd ed. p. 272 
(1848). 

(Supposed type of P. coralensis.) Head and neck dull greenish, 
changing into olive bronze-green on the upper parts and into pale 
olive-green on the breast; crown dull purple-violet, forehead 
greenish grey; quills and greater wing-coverts bronze-green, with 
a coppery tinge, and edged with yellowish; under surface of the 
wings dull grey; first primary very narrow at the tip; middle of 
the abdomen, venfc, and under tail-coverts pale yellow; tail above 
bronze-green with a coppery tinge, and with an apical greyish band 
tinged with green on. the edges of the outer webs; there is an indistinct 
subapical dark band, and the inner webs are grey; under 
surface of the tail pale grey, with a darker subapical band and a 
lighter apical one. Total length about 8*5 inches, wing 5*5, 
tail 3*8, bill 0-5, tarsus 0-8. 

Hal. Some Island of the Paumotu Group f. 

28. Ptilopus purpuratus. 
Purple-crowned Pigeon, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. 2, p. Q26, n. 15 (178-3) 
(Otaheiti). 
Columba purpurata, Gm. S. Ar. i. 2, p. 784, n. 64 (1788) (ex Latham); 
Lath. 2nd. Orn. ii. p. 598, n. 17 (1790); Bechst. Lath. Uebers. ii. 

p. 607 (1794), iv. p. 379 (1811) *. Temm. Hist. Pig. et Gallin. i. 
p. 280 (part.) (1813). 
Columba kurukuru, Bonn. JEnc. Mith. (prem. 6d.) p. 240 (part.) 
(1790). 
Columba kurukuru, var. taitensis, Less. Voy. Coq. i. p. 297 (1856). 
Columba porpbyracea (part.), Forst. MS. (var. ex Otaheite) * Wagl. 

Jaw, 1829, p. 743. 

* I have very little doubt that the bird described as P. chafcurtis is tbe same 
as P. coralensis, Peale; the specimen mentioned above agrees very well with the 
figure of the latter in the United States Exploring Expedition (I. <?.), only in 
that the purple on the crown does not extend to the hind part of the forehead. 
If my surmise is right, the locality assigned to the bird in the British Museum 
must be wrong. Mr. Wiglesworth ('Ibis/ I c.) rightly notices that "it is 
strange that G-arrett, who spent six months collecting in Rarotonga, Atiu, and 
Aitutaki, never obtained examples of this species." It would seem less strange 
if the locality assigned to the type of P. chalcurus were wrong. 
t Thanks to the authorities of the Smithsonian Institution, I have been able 
to examine the bird which is considered to be the type of P. coralensis, Peale, 
and which is so very different from Peale's plate that I cannot help thinking 
that the latter (which was drawn by Peale himself) was taken from another bird 
resembling the type of P. chalcuncs, and that the bird preserved as the type of 

P. coralensis belongs to a different species. Oassin supposed that it might be an 
immature specimen; but I think that this surmise is not correct, as the bird has 
the first primary much attenuated at the tip, more so even than in the type of 
P. chakurus, which I take to be the same as P. coralensis. 
106 
T3EtER02TID-3E. 

Columba oopa, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 742 (ex Forster). 
Columba taitensis, Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 472 (1831). 
Le Kurukuru d'Otaiti, Less. Cumpl de Buff. viii. Ois. p. 35 (1837); 


id. 2nd ed. p. 278 (1838). 
Ptilinopus taitensis, Less. ibid.; Uartl. J. f. 0. 1854, p. 169. 
? Colombe de Taiti, Xeboux, Rev. Zool 1840. p. 2b9. 
Columba porpliyracra (sic), Forst. Descr. An. p. 167 (part., specina. 

ex Otaheitee) (1844). 
Ptilonopus taitensis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 466, n. 9 (1844); Rartl. 
Archivf. Xaturg. 1852, 1, p. 134. 

Ptilinopus furcatus, Feale, U.S. Expl. Exp. Birds, p. 191, pi. 52 
(1848); Hartl. Archivf. Xaturg. Ife52,1, pp. 114,134 ; id. J.f. 0. 
1854, p. 169. 

Kurukuru dupetit-thouarsi, JDes Murs $ Frew (nee Xeboux), Voy. 
Venus, pi. vii. (1855 ?). 
? Kurukuru purpuratus, TJes Murs $* Frev. Voy. Venus, Zool. p. 222 
(1835:'}. 
Kurukuru taitensis, Fes JIurs §- Frev. Voy. Venus, Zool. p. 251 
(1855?). 
Kurukuru nebouxii, Fes Murs §• Frev. Voy. Venus, Zool. p. 253, 
pi. vii. (1855 ?). 
Kurutreron oopa, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 26 (1854); id. Cwnpt. Fend. 

xxxix. p. 878 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. *>* (H55); id. Coup (Tail Ordr. 
Fi(/. pp. 10, oo, n. 58 (LS35) ; id. Icon. 1 if/ h*\t pi. xxix. f. 1 
(1857); Rchnb. Taub. p. 92, t. 245 h. ff. 352f-~2^ (1^62), ii. p. 170 
(1;>02); Sousa, Mus. Xae. Lisb. Columba*, p. 9 (1873). 
Ptilonopus purpuratus, G. It Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Cohimbje, p. 4 
(1856); id. B. Trap. IsL p. 35 (part.) (Ib39); Fimch, P. Z. & lb77, 

p. 741. 
Ptilinopus purpuratus, Cass. Zr.S. ExpL Exp. Birds, p. 269, pi. 30 
(1858); Rchnb. Taub. ii. p. 177 (part.), t. iv. if. 3t5~37 {ex Cassin, 
pi. 30) (1862); Fimch 4-Marti. Orn. Oentralpotyn. p. 122 
(1867). 

Ptilonopus oopa, Felz. Xovara JRtis., Viig. p. 104 (1865) (Tahiti). 
Kurutreron purpuratus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 22~>, n. 9131 
(1820). 

Ptilopus 
purpuratus, Schley. Mus. F.-B. Columba*, p. 15 (1873) ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 307 (1877) ; Finsck, Voy. ChalL, Birds, p. 57 
(1881): Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, p. 571; id. A res Folynes. y. 48, 

n. 252 (1891). 
Ptilopus taitensis, Elliot, F.Z. S. 1878, p. 541. 
Curotreron taitensis, Heine % Rekmu. Xomencl. Mm. Hein. Orn. v. 280 
(1890). 

Adult male. Pront and crown lilac, not surrounded by a defined 
band; remainder of the head, neck, and under surface ashy grey, 
with only a very faint greenish tinge, especially on the middle of 
the breast and vent; throat-feathers bifid, with a concealed tinge of 
greenish: lower vent whitish; under tail-feathers lemon-yellow ; 
tarsal feathers grey; back, wing, and tail green, with a bronzy 
shine ; quills dark green, with the inner webs slaty black; secondaries 
with the outer webs narrowly margined with yellow ; under 
wing-coverts ashy grey, tinged with green; quills underneath dark 
grey lead-colour; tail above bright green, with grey spot near the 
tip of the inner web forming an interrupted band ; tail underneath 

8. piiLOPirs. 
107 

ashy grey, with a lighter band above the end: " feet violet; eyes 
orange; bill green at the base, tip yellow" (J, Moseley). Total 
length about 9-5 inches, wing 5*8, tail 3*1, bill 048, tarsus 1*1. 

Adult female. Like the male (fide Moseley), but three of the specimens 
mentioned below have the upper part of the head grey, with no 
lilac tinge; they are apparently fully adult, and I believe are 
females. 

Bab. Tahiti, Society Islands. 

a, b. $ $ ad. sL Tahiti. < Challenger' Expedition [C.]. 

c. Ad. sk. Tahiti. Purchased, 
d. Ad. sk. Tahiti. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. Society Is. Zoological Society's Coll. 
29. Ptilopus chrysogaster. 
Ptilinopus taitensis, Rchnb. {nee Less.) Syn. Av. Columbarise, Novit. 
t. 245 6. fl. 3525-26(1851). 
Ptilonopus chrysogaster, G. JR. Gr. P. Z. S. 1853, p. 48, pi. 54; id. 
Ann. $ Mag. N. H. (2) xv. p. 158 (1855) ; id. List B. Brit. Mus. 
Columbse, p. 5 (1856) (Tonga tabou !); id. List B. Trop. IsL p. 36 
(1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 9 (Huaheine, Society Islands); 
Finsch, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 94. 

Kurutreron chrysogaster, Bp. Consp. Ad. ii. p. 26 (1854); id, Compt. 
Mend, xxxix. p. 878 (1854;, xl. p. 217, n. 59 (1855); id. Coup tfmil 
Ordr. Pig. pp. 10, 55, n. 59 (1855); id. Icon. Pig. pi. xxix. f. 2 
(1857); G. JR. Gr. Rand-list, iii. p. 225, n. 9132 (1870). 

Kurutreron chrysogastra, Bchib. Tauben, i. p. 92, t. 245 b. if. 3525-26 
(1862), ii. p. 176(1862). 

Ptilinopus chrysogaster, Hartl. § Finsck Orn. Centralpolyn. p. 128 
(1867); Graefe, Jour. Mus. Godefr. l. pp. 48, 50, t. 7. f. 4 
(1873); Schmeltz, Cat Mus. Godefr. v. p. xvi (1874). 

Ptilopus coralensis, Schleg. {nee Peak) Mus. P.-B. Oolumbse, p. 14 
(part.) (1873). 

Ptilopus 
chrysogaster, Gieb. Tlies. Orn. iii. p. 362 (1877) (syn. 
emend.) ; Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 515, 541; Schmeltz, Verk ter. 
Hamb. 1877 (1879), p. 179; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 64 
(1882); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 43 (1889); Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, 

p. 570; id. Aves Polynes. p. 49, n. 253 (1891). 
Adult. Front and crown lilac, margined posteriorly with dull 
greenish yellow; rest of head, neck, mantle, breast, and flanks 
greenish grey : throat pale yellow ; feathers of the crop bifid, grey 
at the tip, and with a concealed middle part olive-greenish; lower 
breast and sides olive; middle of the abdomen and under tail-
coverts yellow; back and wings bronzy grass-green; primaries black, 
the outer webs margined with dark green; secondaries bright green, 
margined with pale yellow; under wing-coverts grey, with slight 
greenish-yellow edges; quills below lead-grey; tail above dark bronze-
green, with a broad terminal band of yellowish white edged with 
brighter yellow: tail below grey, with a broad whitish terminal 
band: bill black, tip yellow; feet brown (in dry skin ?). Total 
length 9 5 inches, wing 5*75, tail 3*4, bill 0*6, tarsus 0*8. 

108 
TBEBLOSTDM. 

Young, Head grey, with some pale purple-lilac feathers on the 
forehead and crown ; occiput green ; an indistinct greenish-yellow 
hand edges posteriorly the crown and the occiput; neck and 
hreast greenish grey; throat pale yellow; on the breast the 
yellowish-green base of the feathers shows through the grey tips ; 
lower breast and abdomen olive-yellow : under tail-coverts yellow; 
back, rump, and upper tail-coverts bronze-green ; wings shining 
green, the quills with narrow yellowish edges, the greater upper 
wing-coverts with broader yellow edges ; tail above green, with the 
apical pale grey band much narrower than in the adult; tail beneath 
dark gre}r, with a pale grey apical band. 

Hctb. Society Islands—Huaheine and Eaiatea. 

a. 
Ad. sk. [Tahiti.] Purchased. 
(Type of f-pecies.) 
b. Ad. sk. [Tongatabu.] 
Purchased. 
c. Ad. sk. Huaheine, Society Is. J. H. Gurney, Esq. X1.]. 
d-g. Ad. sk. Huaheine, Society Is. Salvin-Godman Coll.* "" 
30. Ptilopus roseicapinus. 
Kurukuru, Quoy $ Gaim. Toy. 'Uranie* Zool. p. 34 (ISM) (lies 
Mariannes), 

* PTILOPUS, sp. 
Oolumba porphyracea, Forst. MS. (part.) (ex Clietea); Wag!. im» lb29, 

pp. 742, 743 (var. ex Clietea). 

PCoiombe de Taiti, Xeboux, Ben Zooi. 1840, p. 2S0. 

Oolumba porphyracra (part.), Forst JDescr. An. p. l(>7 (1844) (ex Clietea). 

Ptilonopus , G. B. Gr. Cat B. Trap. LI. p. 36 (1859) (Clietea, Society 

Islands). 

" Pileo magis rubente, rostro mines eroeeo; naribus vix rubrfs, iridibus 

croceis; crisso intensius fiavo." (Forster.) 

" Latham and Forster mention that in Raiatea (Clietea) and in some other 

islands the crown of the bird is of a darker purple than in specimens from Tahiti, 

and ISeboux (l. c.) speaks of a * Colombe de 0 aiti' with a violet rap. This may 

be a different species." (Wiglesworth, 'Iblb' 1691, p. 571.) 

PTILOPUS, sp. 

Oolumba purpurata (jeune age), Ternm. Hist Xat Pig. i. p. 284 (1818); 

Besm. Diet. Sc. Sat xl. p. 339 (1826). 

Oolumba purpurata, JUT., WaffI, Sy&t Av. Oolumba, sp. 30 (1827). 

Kurutreron oopa, juv., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 26 (1654). 

Ptilinopus ?, Hartl. # Finssh, Orn. Cenfralpol 
p. 132 (1867). 

" Forehead lilac-grey, surrounded with an olive-yellowish band; occiput, 
neck, and breast greyish, tinged with dirty yellowish; wings, back, and tail dark 
green, slightly shining; all the wing-coverts edged with ochraceoos colour; 
tail with the apical band Tery narrow, dark grey; abdomen, Tent, and under 
tail-coverts olive, mixed or tinged with greenish grey; bill grey; feet fuscous." 

{Ess Temminck) 

It has been supposed that the above description applies to the young of 

P. purpuratus. Hartlaub and Finsch doubt whether it refers to the young of 
P. chrysogasier ; but they notice that the ochraceous edges of the wing-coverts 
are so peculiar as to prevent the bird from being identified with the two 
mentioned species. 
8. PTILOPTJS. 
109 
Coluniba roseicapilla, Less. Ti\ d'Orn. p. 472 (syn. emend.) (1831) 
(lies Mariannes), 
Columba purpurata, KittL (nee Gm.) Kupfertaf. Heft iii. p. 25, 

t. xxxiii. f. 2 (1833) (Guaharn, Marianen Insel). 
Kurukuru des Mariannes, Less. Compl. de Buff. viii. p. 33 (1837); id, 
op. eit. 2nd ed. p. 278 (1838). 
Ptilonopus swainsoni, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 466, n. 6 (part.) 
(1844). 
Ptilonopus purpureocinctus, G. B. Gr. P. Z. 3. 1853, p. 48, pi. lv. ; 
id. Ann. % Mag. N. H. (2) xv. p. 159 (1855); id. List B. Brit. 
Mus. Columbae, p. 4 (syn. emend.) (1856). 

Kurukuru roseicapilla, Des Murs §• PrSv. Voy. VSnus, Ols. pp. 259, 
269 (part) (1855?;. 

Ptilopus roseicapillus, 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 21 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 877 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 46 (1855), xliii. p. 333 
(1856); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1856, p. 536,- id. Icon. Pig. 
pi. xxiii. (1857): ScMeg. Mus. P.-B. Oolumbae, p. 8 (1873); 
Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbae, p. 8 (1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 

iii. p. 368 (1877) ; Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 516, 537; Oust. Le 
Natural 1889, p. 261; Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, p. 584; id. Aves 
Polynes. p. 48, n. 256 (1891). 
Ptilonopus roseicapillus, G. B. Gr. List B. Trop. Isl p. 37 (1859): 
Behnb. Tauben, p. 96 (1862); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 94. 
Ptilinopus roseicapillus, Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 177 (1862); Finsch 
& Hartl. Orn. Centralpol p. 127 (1867); G. B. Gr. Sand-list, 

ii. p. 225, n. 9119 (1870), 
Ptilinopus purpuratus, Hartert (nee Gm.), Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 190, 
n. 2866 (1891) (Ins. Guaham). 
Adult. Green ; forehead and crown purple-red, margined behind 
with yellow; spot at the base of the lower mandible lilac-purple; 
upper parts green, with a yellowish tinge; chin and throat whitish; 
sides of the head and neck greyish green; breast green, with the 
feathers of the upper part tipped with pearly grey, and with a dark 
purple patch on the middle of the lower parts; abdomen orange, 
yellowish green along the middle; vent and under tail-coverts 
yellow, the latter becoming rich orange towards their tips; wings 
green, with a glossy appearance; upper wing-coverts brighter green 
in tbe middle; scapulars and inner secondaries deep blue towards 
the tip and margined with golden green; under wing-coverts grey, 
edged with yellow; quills underneath grey; tail above green with 

a broad greyish band, tinged with green and edged with yellow; 
tail below grey: "irides pale yellow; bill and feet black-grey" 
(Kittlitz). Total length about 9 inches, wing 5, tail 2*8, bill 0*6, 
tarsus 8*5. 

Adult female. Like the male. (Kittlitz.) 

Young. Wants the red on the forehead and crown ; head entirely 
green; feathers of the upper parts with yellowish edges; irides 
brownish grey. (Kittlitz.) 

Hab. Ladrone or Marianne Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Marianne Islands ? Major-Gen. Hardwicke [P.]. 
110 
TEEEONIB^E. 

31. Ptilopus mercieri. 
Kurukuru 
niercierii, Des Murs $ Prei\ Voy. Tinits, Orn. p. 266 
(1855 ?) (type examined). 
Ptilopus mercieri, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 22 (1854); id. Compt Mend. 

xxxix. p. 877 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 47 (1855); id. Coup a'mil Ordr. 
Pig. pp. 9, 54, n. 47 (1855): id. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 833 (1856); 
id. Icon. Pig. pi. xxii. f. 2 (1857); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 366 
(1877); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p_. 536 (part.) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1881, 
p 249 ; Wiglestc. Ibis, 1891, p. 509 (part.); id. Ares Polynes. p. 48, 
n. 249 (part) (1891). 
Ptilonopus mercieri, G. R. Gr. List B. Prop. Id. p. 36 (1S-J0J ; Pch/ib. 
Tauben, p. 96 (1862); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1874. p. 94. 
Ptilinopus mercieri, Finsch §• Hartl. Orn. Ctntralpol. p. 128 (IfcOT); 

G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 225, no. 9129 (1670;. 
Type. Entire upper part of head and occiput and a broad spot at 
base of the mandible deep rosy purple: no yellow band borders behind 
the rosy-purple cap; nape, mantle, sides of neck, throat, and breast 
pale yellowish green ; abdomen and flanks greenish j ellow ; crissum 
and under tail-coverts bright yellow; back and upper tail-coverts 
olive-green, with a yellowish tinge upon the latter; wings same 
colour as the back ; primaries black, shaded with very dark green 
upon the outer webs, the first abruptly and greatly attenuated; 
secondaries black on the inner webs, dark green on the outer, 
and margined with yellow, the innermost ones with a conspicuous 
blue-black spot near the tips and margined broadly with yollowgreen 
; reetrices dusky grey at base, with the outer webs green and 
the apical third very light yellow. Total length 9 inches, wing 
5*75, tail 3*2, culmen 0*5, tarsus 0*8. {Mus. Paris,) 

This species is very conspicuous for the great extension of the 
purple-red cap, which covers also the occiput. 
Hab. Xukahiwa, Marquesas Islands. 

32. Ptilopus tristrami. 
Ptilinopus mercieri, Finsch {nee Pes Murs §• Pretest), P. Z. S. 1877, 
p. 410 (Marque>as, Garrett) ; Schtneltz, Mux. Godeffr. Cat. \ii. 
p. 14 (1879); id. EtJmogr. AbfL Mus. Godefr. p. 238 (Ilhaoa or 
Dominica, Marquesas Isl.) (1881). 
Ptilopus mercieri, part., Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 536 ; Srfaneltz, VerL 
Ver. Hamb. 1877 (1879), p. 179 (Marquesas Garrett); Trktr. Cat 
Coll. B. p. 44 (Marquesas Isl.*) (Ifcfeil j ; Wiyleszv. Ibis, 1891, p. 569 
(part); id. Ares Polynes. p. 48, n. 249 (part.) (3891). 

Ptilopus tristrami, Salvad. Bull. Mus, Zool. edAnat Camp. Unin. Tor. 

vii. n. 135 (1892). 
Adult. Entire upper part of head and a conspicuous spot at the 
base of the mandible deep pink-rosy; from above the eye the cap is 
margined behind by a broad band of bright yellow; nape greyish 
green; chin and throat yellowish white; sides of the neck and lower 

* Canon Tristram mentions 1STukahiwa as the island where G-arrett collected ; 
but this is a mistake, as Schmeltz distinctly says that it was Hivaoa. 
8. PTILOPUS. Il l 
throat greenish grey, feathers of the crop-region greenish with the tips 
of the feathers grey ; breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts yellow, 
the latter somewhat brighter; sides and flanks green ; upper parts 
below the mantle bright green, with a yellowish tinge upon the 
latter; wings the same colour a3 the back, only brighter; secondaries 
margined with yellow, the innermost ones with a conspicuous 
dark blue spot near the tips and broadly margined with yellow-
green ; tail rather deeply furcated, above bright green, with the 
ends of the feathers broadly tipped with grey, but edged with green 
at the very tip ; tail below grey, with a broad apical whitish band : 
"bill horn-green; eye-ring red ; feet dirty purplish" {Garrett, fide 
Finsck). Total length about 9 inches, wing 5 4, tail 3*2, bill 0*55, 
tarsus 0*85. (Mus. Tristram.) 

This species differs conspicuously from P. m&rcieri, having, 1st, 
a well-defined yellow band behind the pink-purple cap ; 2nd, the 
neck and crop-region tinged with grey; 3rd, the back more green ; 
and 4th, the breast of a brighter yellow and sharply defined from 
the grey crop-region. 

Hab. Hivaoa, Marquesas Islands. 

33. Ptilopus Imttoiii. 
Ftilonopus huttoni, Finsch, JP. Z. S. 1874, p; 92 (with fig. of the 
head) (Bopa or Opara); Bowl. Orn. Misc. i. p. 102 (1875). 
Ptilopus huttoni, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 365 (1877); Elliot, P. Z.S. 
1878, pp. 515, 538; Wiglesw. Ibis, 1891, p. 573 ; id. Aves Polynes. 

p. 49, n. 257 (1891). 
Adult female. Cap, or forehead and crown, purple-violet-red, as 
well as a spot at the base of the lower mandible; chin also violet-
red, but paler; the red cap bordered behind by a darker purple-
red band and by an almost indistinct narrow lice of green; below 
the chin a pale yellow tinge; occiput, nape, sides of head, neck, throat, 
and crop greenish grey, the feathers on the throat and crop bifurcated 
and dull olive-green at the base, which gives these parts a more 
green appearance; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and upper wing-
coverts olive-green, the greater ones faintly edged with golden yellow, 
the inner greater wing-coverts and the inner secondaries or tertials 
dark green towards the tips, then with an indistinct triangular spot of 
dull lilac and broadly edged with dull yellowish green; primaries 
brown, tinged with metallic green on the outer webs ; secondaries 
bronze-green, with narrow yellow edges ; under wing-coverts grey, 
washed with green; under surface of the quills brown • breast olive-
green, with a broad violet-red patch in the middle: lower abdomen 
and vent pale dull yellow; under tail-coverts violet-red, with the 
base yellowish; tail above dark bronze-green, with a very narrow 
apical margin of yellowish white; under surface of the tail brown-
grey : bill in dry skin horny grey, with yellowish tip; feet pale, 
but probably purple-red in the living bird; " eye pink v {Collector's 
note). Total length about 12 inches, wing 6-8, tail 4*9, bill 0-82, 
tarsus 1-2. {Turati's Coll.) 

112 TEEROXJDiE. 

The only known specimen of this species is in Turati's collection, 
and I have to thank Count Emile Turati (the son of my lamented 
friend, the late Count Ercules Turati) for having allowed this rare 
specimen to be sent to London to enable me to describe it. It 
belongs to the group of species with the violet-red spot at the base 
of the lower mandible, but it is easily distinguished from the allied 
species by its pale purplish-red chin and the very broad pectoral 
patch of dark purple-violet. Its size is very large, and its bill conspicuously 
long. 

Hal. Island of Rapa or Opara, Austral Group (27l : S. lat. and 
144° W. long.). 

y. LurPBOTSEBOX. 
Type. 
Lamprotreron, Bp. Camp. Av. ii. p. 17 (1854) .. P. buperbus. 

Range. From Celebes, through the Moluccas and the Papuan 
Islands to Australia. 

Key to the Species, 

A broad dark blue band, more or less tinjred with 

green, across the breast; females with a blue 

or purple-red occipital spot. 

a. The dark blue band across the breast well 
defined both anteriorly and posteriorly ; occipital 
spot of the female dark blue superbus, p. 112. 
h. The dark blue band acrobs the breast not well 
defined anteriorly, where it merges into the 
violet tinge of the upper breast; occipital 
spot of the female purple-red and extended 
over the vertex temmincki, p. 1 LI 
34. Ptilopus snperbus. 
Columba superba, Temm. § Knip} Pig. p. 75, pi. 33 (1808-11); Temm. 
Pig. et Gall L pp. 277, 474 (1813); Vieill. X I), xxvi. p. 358 
(1818); Steph. Gen.Zool xi. 1, p. 64 (1619); Vieill. Rne. Meth. i. 

p. 381 (1823) ; Desm. Diet Se. Nat. xi. p. 337 (1&26); Wagl Syst 
Av. Columba, sp. 32 (1827); Less. Tr. cTOrn. p. 472 (1831); Mull. 
Verh. Land- en Volhenk. pp. 22,100 (1839-44). 
Columba cyanovirens, Less. Voy. Coq., ZooL, Atlas7 pi. 42. £ 1 (1820) 
($); Desm. Biet. 8c. Xat xl. p. 343 (1820); Less. Voy. Cog., ZooL 

i. 2, p. 713 (part.) (1828); id. Man. dOrn. ii. p. 109 (part.) (1828); 
Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 740; Less. Tr. cFOrn. p. 471 (1831); JPrfo.'g 
Knip, Pig. ii. pi 8 (1838-43). 
Ptilinopus superb us, Steph, Gen. ZooL xiv. 1, p. 279 (1820); Less. 
Compl de £uf., Ois. viii. p. 37 (1837), 2nd ed. p. 279 (1838); 
Rclmb. Vog, Keuhdl. p. 318, n, 418 (1850); Hartl ArcL f. 
Naturg. 1852, 1, p. 134; Rams. Pr. Linn. Soe. W. 8. W* i. p. 374 
(1876), ii. p. 195, n. 515 (1877); id* Tab. List, p. 17, n. 52®, p. 30 
(1888) (Tasmania!); Eartert, KaL VogelsammL p. 190 (1891). 

8. FTILOPUS. 
113 

Ptilinopus cyanovirens, Sell. Nat Libr., Pigeons, p. 109, pi. 5 (1835); 
Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. \iii. p. 27 (1837), 2nd ed. p. 276 (1838); 
Rchnb. Sijn. Av. Columbaria, f. 1324 (1847). 

Ptilonopas leucogaster, &c. Class. B. ii. p. 347 (1837). 

Ptilonopus cyanovirens, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 407, n. 13 (1844); 
id. List Spec. B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 8 (1856); Sclat Journ. 
Br. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 167, n. 133 (1858); G. B. Gr. B.Z. S. 1858, 

p. 195; id. Cat B. New Gum. pp. 47,60 (1859); Finsch, Neu-Guin. 
p. 177 (1865). 
Ptilonopus superbus, 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 17 (syn. emend.) 
(1844) ; Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 57 (pt. xiv., 1844); Rchnb. Vog. 
Neuholl. n. 277 (1850); Macgill. Narr. Vog. Rattlesnake, ii. p. 357 
(1852); G. R. Gr. List Spec. B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 7 (1856) ; 
Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Sue. ii. p. 167, n, 137 (1858) j G. R. Gr. 

P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 184, 195, 1859, p. 159 ; id. Cat B. New Guin. 
pp. 46, 60 (1859); id. Cat B. Trop. Isl. p. 39 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 
Ib60, p. 360, 1861, p. 437; Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 290,1865, p. 379, 
n. 27; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 176 (1865); Wall. J. f. O. 1866, 
p. 278, n. 27; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 786 (1875), ix. 
p. 42 (1876) ; Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 719; I)1 Alb. 
Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen.x. p. 18 (1877); 
id. Nuova Guinea, p. 585 (1880); Rams. Tab. But, pp. 17, 30 
(1888). 
Kurukum superbus, JDes Murs fy Priv. Vog. Venus, Zool. pp.231,268 
(1855?). 

Lamprotreron superba, Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 18 (1854); id. CompL 
Rend, xxxix. p. 876 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 36 ; id. Coup £<eil Ordr. 
Pig. pp. 8, 54, n. 36 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 97, n. 225, t. 236. 
ff. 1316-17, t. 236 b. I 3366, ii. p. 178 (1862); Rosenb. N. T. N. L 
XXY. p. 24S, n. 211 (1863); id. Journ. f. Orn. 1864, p. 131, sp, 211 
(Kei!); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 108 (1865); G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 227, n. 9158 (1870); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Libb. 
Columbse, p. 7 (1873) ; Lenz, Journ. f. Orn. 1877, p. 377. 

Cyanotreron cyanovirens, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 23 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 

xxxix. p. 878 (1854), xl. p. 215, n. 51; id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pigeons, 
pp. 10, 54, n. 51 (1855) ; Rchnb. Tauben, p. 98, sp. 228, t. 238. 
f. 1324 (1862); Rosenb. N. T. N. L xxv. p. 248, n. 216 (1863); 
id. J. f. Orn. 1864, p. 132, n. 216. 
" Trygon (Ptilinopus) superbus, Rchnb.," Gr. (erroxe) List Spec. B. 
Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 7 (1856). 
Ptilopus superbus, part., 
Schleg. N. T. D, iii. p. 209 (1866); id. Mus. 
P.~B. Columbse, p. 30 (part.) (1873); Rosenb. Reist. naar Geelvinkb. 

p. 8 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 199, n. 30 (1876), x. 
p. 158 (1877); Sclat P. Z. S. 1877, p. 109 (Duke of York Islands) ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 368 (1877); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 542 ; 
Salvad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 62 ; Rosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 323,372, 
396,407, 561 (1879); Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc N. S. W. iii. pp. 103,291 
(1878), iv. pp. 74,109, n. 157 (1879); id. Nature, xx. p. 125 (1879) 
(Solomon Id.); IT Alb. fy Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 119 
(1879) ; Salvad. ibid. p. 658 (1879); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 6 
(1882); Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 38 (1882); Tristr. 
Ibis, 1882, p. 144; Sharjpe, Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 445 
(China Straits) (1882); Bias. $ Nehrk. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1882, 
p. 428; Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. viii. p. 28 (eggs) (1883); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8tb ed. p. 444 (1883) ; Finsch, Vog. d. Sudsee, 
pp. 18, 28 (Neu-Britannien) (1884); Pleske, Bull. Acad. Pitersb. 
xxix. p. 534 (1884); Nehrk. J.f. 0.1885, p. 34; Guillem. P. Z. S. 
VOL. XXI. I 
114 TEEItlLVIUJE. 

1885, pp. 574, 657 (Mvsol); Ranis. Pr. Linn. Sac. X. S. W. (2) I 

p. 1151 (1887) (ee*){ Grant, P.Z.S. 18^. p. 109; Trixtr. Cat 
Coll. B. p. 45 (1889); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. (2) is. p. 588 
(1890); De lis, Ann. Pep. Brit. Sew Gm'n.-p. 02 (1890); id. Colon. 
Papers, n. 103. p. 116 (1890) ; id. Hit, 15i»l, p. 40; &//**?. .4/m. 
ilTw*. Civ. Gen. (2) x. pp. 82'4. 833 (G« .odemmffh L) (1891); ?V7. Mem. 
P. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 50 {Ayg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 176) (1^91). 
Ptilopus superba, Posenb. Pel's naar Z^idoo-tti>iL p. ^1 Q^07j (Kei). 
Lamprotreron porphvroatictus, Gould, Ann. A* J/*^. X. II. (4) xlii. 
p. 1:37 ( P ) (1874)'. 
Ptilinopus (Lamprotreron) porphyrostictus, Pains. Pr. Linn. Soc, 
X.S. W.ii. p. 208(1877). 
Lamprotreron superbus, Ram*. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 114; Cah. £ RcJmir. 
J.f. 0. 1876j p. 326 (Xeu-Hannovfc-r i; X*rth* Ueser. Cat. Xesfs fy 
Eggs Austr. P. p. 269 (18^9); Heine §• Pvhur. XomencL Mus. 
Ilein. Orn. p. 281 (1890). 
Ptilopus porphyrostictus, Gieh. Then. Orn. III. p. 362 f'1877). 
Ptilopus swainsoni, part.., SJtarjw, R*p. Vog. 'Alert,' p. 20, specxm. c 
(1884). 

Adult male. Pileum purple-violet; occiput ami sides of the head 
olive-green; sides and back of the neck bright rufous: back, rump, 
upper tail-coverts, scapulars, and wing-coverts irivezi, with an olive 
tinge; scapulars, inner greater wing-rover^, and inner ser-ondaries 
with deep blue spots near the tip ; smaller wing-coverts near the 
bend of the wing deep blue; quills black, primaries with narrow-
outer yellow edges; secondaries arid greater wing-cowrk green on 
the outer web and edged with yellow ; chin and greater part of the 
cheeks pale grey ; breast grey with the base of the feithiT-s purple ; 
below the breast a broad black band, more or less tinged with blue 
or green ; abdomen white; flanks green, with two white bands; 
under tail-coverts white, with a longitudinal green spot on the inner 
web and tinged with pale yellow at the apical edge; under wing-
coverts greyish green; quills underneath dark grey; tail above 
green, with a greyish-white band at the tip ; tail below dark grey, 
with a white band at the tip: c% bill olive-green, with the tip 
yellowish; feet rose-colour; irides vellow " (D'AIfortift). Total 
length 10-22 to 8-45 inches, wing o-3S to 4*91, tail 3-22 to 2-63, 
bill 0*62 to 0*55, tarsus 0*74 to 0*66. 

Adult female. Upper parts, including the piletim and hind neck, 
green ; a deep blue spot on the occiput; blue spots on the scapulars 
and inner secondaries less distinct than in the male ; no blue patch 
on the smaller wing-coverts near the bend of the wing; lower part 
of the throat and breast grey and green, without the purple colour 
at the base of the feathers; no transverse black band below the 
breast. 

The specimens from Amboyna are the largest, and have a broader 
pectoral black band. 

Hah. Moluccas, Papuan Islands, and also Xorthern Australia. 

Mr. Ramsay includes also Tasmania among the localities inhabited 
by this species. I am not acquainted with the authority for that 
statement. 

8. PTiLOPtrs. 
a. S ad. ,<k. 
b, <?• 6 $ ad. sk. 
d, e. $ 5 ad. sk. 
/. d ad. sk. 
^, #. (S ad. et juv. 
sk. 

i. $ ad. sk. 
A*. J ad. sk. 
/. c? ad. sk. 
m, n. <$ $ ad. sk. 
<?,^. <5 ad. sk. 
q. J ad, sk. 
r, s. (S ad. sk. 
tj u. cS ad. sk. 
v. <5 ad. sk. 
to. 2 a(*-s^* 

a.*. <$ ad. sk. 

^. § ad. sk. 
s, a', d $ ad. sk. 
5', c'. <$ ? ad. sk. 
d',er,f. c?S ad. 

sk. 
</'. <£ ad. sk. 


ti. $ ad. sk. 
tv, #, /'. d1 $ ad. 
sk. 
m', «'. (S $ ad. sk. 

et st. 
o', p*. £ J ad. sk. 
q', r', s'. S ? ad. 


sk. 
t\ u'. d J ad. et 
juv. sk. 
v'. 5 ad. sk. 


w\xf. 5 ad. et J 
imrn. sk. 
y'-a"-6 $ ad. et 


$ juv. sk. 
b", d\ <S $ ad. sk. 
d",e". <$ $ ad.sk. 

/". 2 juv. sk. 
</". $ ad. sk. 

Gilolo, Ilalmahera. 

E. Ilalmaliera. 
Batcbian. 
Batchian (Wallace). 
Ceram. 
Amboyna. 
Amboyna. 
Amboyna (Wallace). 
Amboyna,May (II. 0.Forbes). 
"Waigiou. 
"Waigiou ( Wallace). 
Mysol ( Wallace), 
Mysol. 
Dorey, New Guinea (Wal


lace). 
Andai, New Guinea (A, A. 
Bruijri). 

S.E. New Guinea, Feb. (Dr. 
James). 
S.E.New Guinea (A.Goldle). 
Port Moresby (A. Goldie). 
Astrolabe Mts. 

S.E. New Guinea (A.Goldie). 
Blanche Bay, New Britain, 

June (E. L. Layard). 
New Bi itain (Few G.Broicn). 
Booby Isl., Torres Straits. 

Australia. 

N. Australia. 
N. Australia (J.T.Cocherell). 
Cape York. 

Cape York. 

Wallace Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 

Gould Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 

Levden Museum [P.], 
SirE. Belcher [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

A. Goldie, Esq. [0.]. 
Salvin-Godrnan Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
' Challenger' Exped. 
[0.]. 
Earl of Derby [P.]. 

Purchased, 

*\ 

Salvin-Godjnan Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

Gould Coll. (Type of 

L. porphyronictus, G ould.) 
Somerset, Cape York (/. T.
Cockerel!). 
Somerset, Cape York (J. T.
Cocker ell). 

Port Albany. 
Port Albany (C. Cozen). 
Port Molle,"Queensland. 


N.E. Queensland. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Mr. 0. Coxen [C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Voyage of the 'Alert.' 
Sydney Museum [P.]. 

(S3. Ptilopxts temmincki. 1 

Columba superba, foem., Knip $ FrSv. Fig. ii. pi. 42(g ) (1838-43) 
(Celebes). 
Ptilonopus superbus, part., G. F. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 17 
(1844). 
Kurukuru temminckii, Des Mitrs 8f Frev. Voy. Venus, Zool pp. 230, 
268 (J) (ex Frivost, I. c.) (1855?) (nee Columba temmincki, 
Wagl). 

11 6 
TEERONID-E. 

Ptilonopus formosus, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. I860, p. 360; Wall Ibis, 
1865, p. 379, n. 28; id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 278. 
Ptilopus superbus (part.), Schleg. X. T. D. iii. p. 209 (1866); id. 
Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. SO (part.) (1873); Gieh. Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 368 (part.) (1877). 
Lamprotreron formosus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 227, n. 9159 
(1870). 
Ptilonopus (?) celebensis, Wall. Jide G. R. Gr. Hand-list, I. e. 
(J 870). 
Lamprotreron 
forrnosa, Wakl Tr. Zool. Soe. viii. p. 82 (1872); 
Lenz, J.f. 0. 1877, p. 377; Meyer, Ibis, 1*79, p. 135; Bias. J. 

f. 0. 1883, p. 138. 
Ptilinopus formosus, Briigg. Abli. naturw. Ter. Brem. v. p. 79 
(1876). 
Ptilopus temmincki, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878. p. 544; Satead. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 62; Bias. Zeiischr. f. ges. Orn. lb55, p. 302, t xiv. 
ff. 3, 2. 

Ptilopus formosus, 
Guitlem. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 269 (Celebes, Sulu 
14.), 55(5 (Celebes). 
? Lamprotreron temmincki, Heine 4* Rchnw. Xomeacl. Mus. Hein. 
Om.p.281 (1890) (Ceram!). 

Adult male. Resembles that of P. superbus, from which it differs 
principally in having the black pectoral band not sharply defined 
on the anterior part, where it gradually merges into the purple of 
the breast: " iris yellow; bill green ; tarsus coral " ( GtnUemard). 

Adult female. Like the female of P. sttp^rhm, but with the 
occipital spot not blue, but purple-red as in the male, and extended 
over the vertex. 

Hah. Celebes and Sulu Islands. 

I have not seen specimens from the Sulu Islands, which, 
according to Dr. Guillemard, " appear to be of a somewhat larger 
size, and are characterized by the absence of the maillee appearance 
of the breast, due to the small number of feathers that are bifid. 
Total length 21^5 centim., wing 14,4 centim.'? 

a, b. <$ $ ad-s k Makassar, Celebes. Wallace Coll. (Type of 
P. formosus, Gr. R. G.) 
c. <$ ad. sk. Makassar, Celebes. Wallace Coll (Type of 
P. cfdehemisj Wail.) 
d, e,f $ J ad. sk Makassar, Celebes (WalGould 
Coll. 
lace), 
g. $ ad. sk. Tondano, Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
h, i. <$ J ad. sk. Menado, X. Celebes. TweedJale Coll. 
h, I, m. $ ad. sk. Menado, X Celebes. Hume Coll. 
n, o, d 2 ad. sk. Celebes. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d. 
EUTREK03T. mType. 
Eutreron, Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. pp. 4, 13 
(1882) P. pulcheHus. 

Range. Confined to "New Guinea and Western Papuan Islands. 

8 . PTILOPXJS. 
117 
36. Ptilopus pulchellus. 
Oolumba pulchella, 
Temm. PI Col 564 (livr. 95. 1835); luiip # 
Priv. Pig. ii. pi. 14 (1838-43) ; Mull Ferh. Land- en Volkenk. 

p. 22 (1839-44). 
Ptilinopus pulchellus. Less. Compl. de Buff, viii. Ois. p. 31 (1837): 
id. 2nd ed. p. 277 (1838); llosenb. N. f. N. I. xxv. p. 248, n. 212 
(1803); id. J.f. 0. 1864, p. 132, n. 212. 

Ptilonopus 
pulchellus, G.R.Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 466, rt. 7 (1844); 
Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 107, n. 136 (1858); G. P. Gr. 

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195; id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 44, 60 (1859); 
id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437; Wall Ibis, 1861, p. 290; Pehnb. Tauben, 
p. 46, sp. 223, t. 236. f. 134 (1862), ii. p. 178 (1862): Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 177 (1865); Wall Ibis, 1865, p. 378, n. 25; id. 
J.f. 0. 1866, p. 278; JSalvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 786 
(1875); Sahad. $ DAlb. Ann. Mm. Cio. Gen. vii. p. 833 (1875); 
J)1 Alb. Nuova Guinea, p. 585 (1880). 
Ptilopus pulchellus, Bp. Consp. Av. ii, p. 22 (1854); id. Corrupt 
Rend, xxxix. p. 878 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 50; id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. 
Pig. pp. 9, 54, n. 50 (1855); ScMeg. Mus. P.-B. Columbia, p. 2 
(1873) ; Sousa, Mm. Nac. Lisb. Columbae, p. 8 (1873); Sahad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 198, n. 29 (1876), x. p. 158 (1877); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 367 (1877) ; Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 551; 
Hams. Pr. Linn. Soc. K S. W. iii. p. 290 (1878), iv. p. 100, n. 154 
ri879); Posenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 396, 561 (1879): DAlb. # 
Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 102 (1879); JD'Alb. Nuova 
Guinea, pp. 58% 588 (1880); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 13 
(1882); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool xvi. p. 445 (1882); Bams. 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. & W. viii. p. 28 (1883) (egg); Nehrh. J. f. 0. 
1835, p. 34; Gnillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 65; Finseh $ Meyer, 
Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 26; Tmtr. Cat Coll. B. p. 44 
(1885) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) x. p. 823 (1891) ; id. 
Mem. R. Ac, Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 51. (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 177) 
(1891). 

Cyanotreron pulchellus, G. P. Gr, Hand-list, ii. p. 226, n. 9147 
(1870); Heine fy Rchnw. Nomencl. Mm. Hem. Orn. p. 280 (1890) 
(Ceram!). 

, Adult male, Eront and crown bright carmine, inconspicuously 
surrounded behind with a yellowish band ; occiput, nape, and 
entire tipper parts bright green; lores, chin, and throat white; 
sides of head and neck, together with the breast, light grey ; lower 
part of the breast whitish, and then with a purple-red bar; sides of 
the breast yellowish; flanks green; abdomen orange; vent yellow; 
under tail-coverts orange: wings shining green; inner web of the 
quills black, the outer web of the secondaries and greater wing-
coverts very narrowly edged with yellow; first primary abruptly 
attenuated at the tip; wings underneath grey, the under wing-
coverts with narrow yellow edges; tail above shining green, with 
the inner web of the lateral feathers, except at the tip, blackish 
green ; tail below grey, with a lighter apical band : u irides yellow 
or orange; bill greenish or yellowish, with the tip yellow; feet 
deep carmine " (b>Albertis). Total length 7*25 inches, wing 4-25, 
tail 24 , bill 0-45, tarsus 0*58. 

Female. Like the male. 

118 
TPJCROXIDJE. 

Young. Upper parts, including the crown and forehead, green; 
a few scattered purple-red feathers on the forehead ; throat and 
breast dull grey; abdomen and tinder tail-coverts greenish yellow ; 
between the grey breast and the abdomen an imperfect band of dull 
purple. 

Hah. ISTew Guinea and the western Papuan Islands—Waigiou, 
Batanta, Salawatti, and Mysol. 


a~d. Ad. sk. et iuv. Waigiou. Wallace Coll. 
sk. 


e. d ad. sk. Waigiou (Wallace), Gould Coll. 
/, g. 6 ad. bk. Salawatti, Aug. (v. R<own-Saivin-Godman Coll. 
berg). ^ 

h. S ad. sk Salawatti, June. Twppdddle Coll 
I Ad. bk. Mvsol. "Wallace Coll. 
k. (S ad. sk MVbol f Wallace). Gould ('oil. 
I. 
cS imm. sk. My.ol, May (Hoedt). Sah in-Godmau Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Wallas Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Purch i*t'd. 
o. Ad. sk. S.E. Xew Guinea Tweeddale Cull. 
Goldie). u. 

p. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea, Sab in-G< dman ('oil. 
q. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. J. Briadl^nt [(J.". 
r. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mt*. A. Goldie, E-q. X'/. 
e. 
PTILOPODISCUS. _ 
T\pe. 
Ptilopodiscus, Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. pp. 4, L> 
(18b2j P. coronulatua. 

Range. Confined to Xew Guinea and the Western Papuan 
Islands. 


lug to the Sjjaiis. 

a. Abdominal lilac-violet patch, not surrounded 
with saffron-colour *. coronulatuat p. 113. 
h. Abdominal lilac -violet patch surrounded 
with saffron-colour. 
a'. Cap bright violet, and under tail-coverts 
deep yellow {Meyer) Jtuonmsis, p. 120. 
//. Cap pale lilac-violet .., . trigemimm, p. 1:20. 
c'. Cap very pale lilac-\ iolet, neaily whitish. 


a". Throat yellow ., 
grmimm7 p. 120. 

//'. 
Sides of the herd and throat prrey; 
pileum without the purple stripe on 
the occiput in fiont of the yellow 
band (Meyer) quadrigemmus7 p. 121. 

x 37. Ptilopus coronulatns. 
, A

'? Ptilonopus pulehellus
pulehelluspulehellus, Wall
WallWall (nee 
(nee(nee Temm.)
Temm.)Temm.) Ann. §• Mag. N. II. (2) 
. . ;1857)

xx. p. 47G (1837). 
.. 
Plilonopus 
coiojinlatus, G. JR. Gr. P. Z. N. lR*r>% pp. 158, 195, 
pi. 138; id. Cat B. New Gum. pp. 4*1 00 (lbo9); id. P. Z. 8 

8 . PIILOPUS. 
119 
1801, p. 497; Rchb. Tauben.ii. p. 178 (1862); Rownb. N. T. N. I. 

xxv. p. 248, n. 214 (1803); id. J.f. 0, 18G4, p. 132, n. 214; Wall. 
Ibis, 18(55, p. 378 (part.); Finscli, Neu-Guin, p. 177 (1803); 
Wall. Malay. Archip. ii. p. 290 (18(>9); Salvad, § DAlb. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. vn. pp. 787, 833 (1875),-Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. 
Gen. ix.p. 42 (1876); BAIL Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. pp. 18, 20 (1877); Sharpe, Jour. Pr. Linn, Soc. 
xiii. pp. 320, 503 (1877), xiv. p. G88 (1879); IPAlb. Nuova Guinea, 
pp. 280, 585 (3880). 
Pliilopiih (mwe) coronulatus, Rosenb. Rets naar Zuidoostereil. p. 50 
(1607). 
Cyanotreron coronulatus, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 220, n. 9148 
"(1870); Heine # Rchmo. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 280 (1890). 
Ptilopus 
coronulatus, Schley. N. T. I), iv. p. 20 (part.) (1873); id. 
Mm. P.-B. Columbfe, p. 9 (part.) (1873); Salvad. Ann, Mus. 
Civ. Gen. ix. p. 198, n. 26 (1876); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 363 
(part.) (1877); Salvad, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 99; Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, 

p. 546; Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. pp. 76,102,290(1878), 
iv. p. 109, n. 163 (1879); Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 372 (1879); 
Salvad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 62; DAlb. $ Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. xiv. p. 118 (1879); I)1Alb. Nuova Guinea, p. 588 (1880); 
Salvad. Voy. ChalL, Birds, p. 82 (1881); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. 
p. 15 (1882); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 (1889); Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 586 (1890), x. p. 823 (1891); id. Mem. 
R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 51 [Agg< Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 177) 
(1891). 
Ptilinopus 
coronulatus, Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 394 
(1876). 

Adult male. Green with, golden reflections; pileum rose-lilac, 
edged posteriorly with deep purple and surrounded with a yellow 
band, narrower on the sides, broader behind; sides of the head 
greyish green ; chin and throat yellowish; a patch on the middle of 
the abdomen lilac-violet; vent and under tail-coverts yellow; wings 
glossy green with a slight bluish tinge; quills and greater wingcovcrts 
edged with yellow, the inner secondaries with broader 
edges ; underside of the wing grey, the under wing-coverts slightly 
tinged with green; tail above glossy green, the feathers slightly 
edged with yellow towards the tip; tail below grey, with a paler 
apical band : " bill olive-green; feet purple-red; irides with an 
inner circle red, and an outer one yellow" (DAlhertis). Total 
length about 7-86 inches, wing 4*5, tail 2-55, bill 0-43, tarsus 
0-66. 

Female. Like the male, but the yellow of the abdomen and under 
tail-coverts paler. 
Juv. Pileum green, and no lilac-violet patch on the middle of 
the abdomen. 
Hob, Aru Islands and South-east New Guinea. 

a, h. Ad. sk. Am Islands. Wallace Coll. (Types of 
species.) 
c. $ ad. sk Aru Islands. ' ChallengerJ Exp. 
d. Ad. sk. Port Moresby (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Imm. sk. Port Moresby. J. Broadbent [0.]. 
/ . Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 

120 TBEROXID.E. 
g. Ad. sk.
A. Ad. sk.
I tf ad. sk. 
Aleya, S.E. Papua, April(Dr. James). 
Aleya, S.E. Papua, April(Dr. James). 
Yule IsL S.E. Papua, Dec.
(Dr. Ja?nes). 
Tweeddale Coll 
Sah in-Gudman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

38. Ptilopus huonensis. 
Ptilopus coronulatus 
huonen<4s, Meyer, J. f. O. 1^92, p. 263 (Huon 
Gulf). 

21as. " Pt. coronvlato, G. R. Gray, ^imillimus, sed pileo purpureo 
lilacino, macula medio pectoris Itefiore et rnagis extensa, 
postice croceo notata, abdomine iruo et subc ludalibn* saturate flavis 
diversus. Long. tot. mill. 195, al. 112-113. eaud. 69, rostri 11, 
tarsi 18." {Meyer.) 

Hah. Butaueng, sear Huon Gulf, E. New Guinea. 
I have not seen this species. 

y 39. Ptilopus trigeminus. 

Ptilopus coronulatus (part.), Wall. Ibi\ lbG5, p. 37$ (N.*W. New 
Guinea) ; id. J.f. 0. Ib0<5, p. 27^. 
Cvanotreron coronulatus (part.), G. It Or. llanrf-lhtt ii. p. 220, 
"u. 9148 (1870). 

Ptilopus coronulatus (part.), Sthhg. J/i/sf. P.-IJ. Culumba?, p. 9 
(individus de Sorong et de Salawattie) (1&73; j Jtiwah. (me Or.) 
Malay. Archp. p. 398 (lh79). 

Ptilonopub trigeminus, ftulvatl An/2. Mm. Cm. Gen. wi. pp. 7b7?833 
(1875) (fir Scktye!); w?. i&«, IS76. p. 3-0. 
Ptilinopns marginalia, Bruqq. Abh, untune. Ver. Brem. T. p. 82 
(1870) (AT Schleyel); tiahacL Ibi\ 1^76, p. 3^1. 
Ptilopus trigeminus, Ralrad. Ann, Mir^, Civ. Gen. ix. p. 19^, n. 27 
(1870); Elliot, P. Z. & 1878, p. 547; Snlvtul P. Z. & 1879, 

p. 08; id. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 28 (1^2); id. Mem. J2. ^e. 
£e. Tor. (2) xhi. p. 51 (.-%. O/w. B//?. e Mol. p. 177) (1891) 
? Ptilopus pulchelloides, Bermt. Dagl»oelz9 pp. 124, 140 (Sorong) 
(1883) (descriptio nulla). 
? Ptilopus 
flangaster, BemsL (nee Su\)9 op. cit. p. 154 (Sailolo) 
(1883). 

Tery much like P. coronulaius, from which it differs in having 
the lilac-violet colour of the piieum paler, and the pale purple 
abdominal patch surrounded with saffron-colour. 

Hob. North-western New Guinea, near Sorong, and Salawatti 
Island. 

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea, N.W. Coast? "Wallace Coll. 
b. § ad. sk. Salawatti. 
Gould Coll. 
> 40. Ptilopus geminus. 

Ptilopus coronulatus (part.), ScMeg. N. T. D. iv. p. 26 (1871); id. 
Mm. P.~B. Columbse, p. 10 (individus de File de Jobie) (1873) ; 
llosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 561 (part.) (1879). 

8. PTILOPUS. 121 
Ptilonopus geminus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. pp. 786, 787, 
833, 971 (1875), viii. p. 404 (187GJ; SclaL Ibis, 1876, p. 255 j 
Salvad. Ibis, 1876, p. 386. 

Ptilinopus senex, Brilqg. Abh. naturw. Ver. Brem. v. p. 82 (187G 
(ex Sc7rfegel\; Salvad. Ibis, 187(3, p. 380. 

Ptilopus geminus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 198, n. 28 
(1876); Elliot, P. Z. S.1878, p. 546 ; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1870, p. G3 ; 
id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 19 (1882); Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. 
Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 50 (eggs); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 658 
(Jobi); Meyer, Zeitschr. f. yes. Orn. 1886, p. 36 (Kafu); Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. (2) *xlii. p. 51 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 177) 
(1891). 

Yery much like P. trigeminus, having the lilac-purple abdominal 
patch surrounded with saffron-colour, but has the pileum pale 
lilac, nearly white; bill greenish ; feet red. 

Hob. Jobi, Krudu, and northern coast of New Guinea, from 
Dorei to Kafu. 

a,b. 6 $ ad. sk. Jobi (Br. A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 

>r 41. Ptilopus quadrigemiims. 

Ptilopus quadrigeminus, Meyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 421 (Constantine Harbour) 
; Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 51 (1841). 

Like P. geminus, Salvad., but the sides of head and throat grey, 
the latter showing hardly a hue of yellowish in the middle; pileum 
a little brighter and without the purple stripe on the occiput in 
front of the yellow band ; the yellowish brown of the belly is somewhat 
lighter, whereas the yellow of the under tail-coverts and 
abdomen (or vent ?) is more intense. Wing 4*5 inches, tail 2*59, 
bill 0*47, tarsus 0'59 (Meyer). 

I have not seen this species; the only remark I can make concerning 
it is that the want of the purple stripe on the occiput, in front 
of the yellow band, is a sign of immaturity in the allied species. 

Hob. Constantine Harbour or its neighbourhood (Kubary), Northeastern 
coast of New Gruinea. 

Type. 
Cyanotreron, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 24 (1854) P. monachus. 

Range. Confined to the Halmahera group. 

y 42. Ptilopus monachus. 

Columba monacha, Reinw. in Temm. PI. Col 253 (livr. 43,1824); 
Sio. Zool Journ. i. p. 473 (1825); Des?n. Diet Sc. Nat. xl. p. 344 
(1826); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 85 (1827); Knip $ PrSv. 
Pig. ii. pi. *53 (1838-1843); Wold. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 83 
(1872). 

Ptilinopus monachus, Sw. Zool Journ. i. p. 473 (1825); Steph. Gen. 
Zool. xiv. 2, p. 277 (1826); Less. Compl de Buff. viii. p. 29 (1837); 
id. 2nd ed. p. 277 (1838); Selb. Nat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 107, pi. 4 

(1835), 

122 
TREIiONID-E, 

Ptilonopus nionaehus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 347 (l<v>7); <?. i?. Gr, 
Gen.B.il p. 4CC, n. 8 (1844); 7f>///. i&\. l^UO. p. iHb, 1M&, 

p. 378, n. 20; P*/^, Keu-Guin. p. 177 (ISt'o): IP///. J. f. 0. 
18G6, p. 278; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Ctv. Got. ii . p. 7bG (1673); 
Feb. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1^76, p. 710. 
Cyanntreron nionaehus, Lp. Cuasp. ii. p. 24 (Is54l; ///. Chmpt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 87b (1^54), xl. p. 216, n. 52 ; id. Loup d'm Ordr. 
Pa/, yv. 10, 34, ii. 52 (1b55l; J?r/<//6. 7W*/i, p i»N t. 2*^. 
ff.*1314-15 (18(15); G. B. Gr. Iland-liV, ii. p. 22U, m i!l4tj | I N 0i; 
Soma, Mus. 2s ae. Lhb. Columbre, p. U (1^73); i/"ti//£ %.¥ llthur. 
Nomencl. MILS. Ilei/i. Oni. p. 2*0 118i»0i. 

Ptilonopus (CyanotreionJ mon.aehus, G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. 1^JO, 

p. 350. 
Ptilopus monachu*, Schleg. Mi^. P.-B. Culun*bte, p. 12 flH73j; 
Bosenb. Beht. naar Gt-ehinJch. p. b fl^75j; Sa\fnL Ada. Mtt$. 
. 
Civ. Gen. ix. p. 198, no. 25 llb7G): Gkb. The**. Or A . HI. p. &WJ 
(1677); -E/tftf, P. Z. S. 1S7\ p. 550: Hah ad. P, Z. tf. 1N0, 

p. 03; Bosenb. Malay. Arrhip. p. 417 |1^7U|; SnhtirL Orn. Pap. 
e Mol. iii. p. 20 (18b2); Plaice, Bull. Amd. Pttrrsb. x\ix. p. 531 
(1884): Guillem. P. Z. S. ]*85T p 575; TVvVr. r<tf. fV. I?, 
p. 44 (1887); Sahad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc Tan (2j \IH. p. 51 (Jr///. 
Om. Pap. e Mol p. 177) (IbSOLj. 
Adult male. General plumage green, *swth a tr<*lil« n or brwi/.y 
tinge; pileum, lores, a spot at the ba^e of th** h#wi r n,andibl<% 
and another in the middle of the breast lead-bin*'; p ileum surrounded 
on the sides and behind "with a nanow \t flow fund : < Ian. 
throat, lower pait of the abdomen, and under tiiii-iuwrts lunonyellow; 
quills bright green; secondaries and greiter "\\inpr-cM>\* rts 
with narrow yellow edges; -flings underneath 3eud-£n\, under 
wing-coverts with narrow yellow edges ; tail green, below grey, 
with a slightly paler band at the tip: k* bill gieeiiLsh, irides daik, 
feet red" (Wallace). Total length 7*2 inches, wing 4, tail 24, 
bill 0*5, tarsus 0*59. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the forehead bluish, 
gradually changing into the green colour of the hind part of the 
head, and no blue patch in the middle of the breast. 

Yotnig. Uniform green (Schhgcl). 
Hah. The Halmahera group. 


a. S ad. sk. Gilolo, Halmahera. Wallace Cull. 
b. 6 ad. sk. Gilolo (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll 
c. <$ ad. sk. Ternate. 
Wallace Cull. 
d. ? ad. sk. Ternate (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
e,f. 5 ad. sk. Kaisa Is. Wallace Cull. 
]g. J ad. sk. Batchian. Wallace Cull 
hy L <$ 2 ad. sk. Batchian. Salvin-Gudxnan Coll, 
7c. <$ ad. sk. Batchian ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
I d ad. sk. Batchian. Tweeddale Coll. 
7}. CHLOEOTEKEOX. 
I ype. 
Chlorotreron, Sahad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. ill. pp. 4, 22 
(1882) P, hmneralirt. 

Range. Confined to the Papuan Islands. 

S. PXILOPIFS. 
]23 
Key to the Species. 

a. 
Smaller wing-coverts ashy lilac, with the tips 
deep purple ." humeralis, p. 1*23. 
b. Smaller wing-coverts uniform ashy lilac. 
a'. Grey apical tail-band not visible from above . jobiemis, p. 124. 
b'. Grey apical tail-band quite conspicuous also 
from above c iozonus, p. 124. 

4*3. Pfcilopus humeralis. 

Ptilonopus humeralis, Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 166, pi. 21; id. Ibis, 

lbtJo, p. 378; Fimch, Xeu-Guin. p. 177 (I860); Wail. J. f. 0. 

lb(j<5, p. 278; Becc. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 (1875). 
Hamphiculus liiimerah\ G. P. Gr. Hand-l. ii. p. 227, n. 9152(1870). 
Ptilopus humeral^, Schley. K T. I), iv. p. 24 (1873); id. Mm. P.-B. 
Oolumbse, p. 11$ (187:3); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 198. 

n. 22 (1670); Meyer in Fund. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 842 (1877); Gieb. 
Tim. Orn. in. p. 364 (1877); Elliot, P. Z. S.1878, p. 548; Salved. 
P. Z. S. 1&79, p. m; BAIL $ Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xiv. 
p. 117 (1879); Rotenh. Malay. Archip. p. 390 (1879); BAlb. 
Nitora Quin. p. 588 (1880); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 23 
(lh82); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 608 (Waigiou); Tristr. Cat. 
Coll. II p. 44 (1889); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. 51 {A(/(j. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 177) (1891). 
Adult male. General plumage shining green; chin slightly 
tinged with greyish; middle of the abdomen rich orange; vent 
and under tail-coverts yellowish white, the latter with a gvmi 
spot 011 the inner web; wings green, quills darker, shining, and 
with a bluish tinge; secondaries and greater wing-coverts with 
narrow yellow edges, smaller wing-coverts lilac-grey, those near the 
bend of the wing with broad purple tips, forming a conspicuous 
purple patch; the cubital smaller wing-coverts more or less with 
narrow purple edges; scapulars and inner secondaries lilac-grey, 
with green edges; wings underneath lead-colour, under wing-
coverts slightly tinged with green; tail bright green above, dark 
grey beneath, with an apical white-grey band: "bill yeHowibh, 
with the base near the nostrils carmine; feet carmine; irides grey " 
(D'Albertu). Total length 8*7 inches, wing 5, tail 2-5, bill 0-73, 
tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Like the male, only a little smaller. 

In this species the feathers of the forehead do not extend so 
far forwards, so that the forehead is partly naked, and the bill 
appears much longer than in P. johiensis and P. iozonus. 

Hah. Salawatti, "Waigiou, and North-western and Central New 
Guinea, along the Fly Biyer. 

a. Ad. sk. Salawatti. Wallace Coll. 
b, c. <$ § a<^ s^'
d. <$ ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Salawatti, June, July (Wallace). 
Fly River, New Guinea,
Oct. (DAlbertis). 
New Guinea.
(Type of species.) 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 

124 
TREEOXID-E. 

44. Ptilopus jobiensis. 
Ptilopus humeralis (part.), Schleg. N. T. D. IT. p. 25 (1871). 
Ptilopus humeralis jobiensis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 16 
(1873). .. 
Ptilonopus jobiensis, JSeec. Ami. Mm. Cir. Gen. \n. p. 715 (1875) ; 
id. Ibis, 1876, p. 253; Sakad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vlii. p. 404 

n. 45 (18715). 
Ptilopus 
jobiensis. Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 198, n 23 
(1876)-Bowl Orn. Misc. ii. pp. 340, &k>, 345, pi. 07 (lb77); 
Meyer in Raid. Orn. Mi^c. Ii. p. 342 {lb77|; Stlat. § Salv. Ibis, 
1877, p. 482; Salrad. Atti R. Ac. 6K Tor. xiii. p. 321 flb7b: Tarawa!) 
; Elliot P. Z. S. Ib78, p. 548 ; Salead. P. Z. S. Is Hi, p. 63; 
id. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 24 (1882J. 

Adult. General plumage shining green, with the head more or 
less bronzy; middle o£ the abdomen rich orange; Tent and under 
tail-coverts yellowish white, the latter with a green spot on the inner 
web; wings green, quills darker, shining, and with a bluish tinge ; 
secondaries and greater wlng-eoveits with narrow \elIow edges; 
smaller and median wing-coverts, scapular*, and inner secondaries 
lilac-grey, with broad green edges; near the bend of the wing a 
lilac-grey patch ; wings underneath lead-colour; under wing-coverts 
slightly tinged, with green ; tail bright green above, dark grey 
beneath, with an apical white-grey band : bill apparently greenish, 
with a yellow tip, and with the ba^e above red; feet red. Total 
length 7-8 inches, wing 4-0, tail 2-1, bill 0*4h, tardus IH52. 

Female. Differs frcm the male in having the head green, with no 
bronzy tinge, and the median wing-coverts with no grey tinge in 
the middle {Mtts. Civ. Genoa). 

This species differs chiefly from P. liumeralte in having no purple 
on the smaller wing-coverts near the bend of the wing. 
Hob. Job! and northern coast of Xew Guinea as far east as 
TarawaL 

45. Ptilopus iozonus. 
Ptilonopus iozonus, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. JSo% pp. 186, 105; id. Cat 

B. Kiw Guinea, pp. 46, 60 (1859); id. P. Z. S. lbiil, p. 437; Wall. 
Ibis, 1805, p. 378, n. 22; Fin*vh7 Xeu-Guin. p. 177 (1885); Wall. 
J.f. 0.1866, p. 278; Sharpe, Journ. Pr. Linn, Sec, Zool. xiii. p. 503 
(1877), xiv. p. 088, n. 45 (1879). 
Ptilinopus ionozonus, Rchnb. Tmiben. ii. p. 178 (IB6'2\ 
Jotreron iozona, Roxmib. K. T. K. J.'xxv. p. 24% n. 220 (1863). 
Jotreron iozonus, Rosenb. J.f.O. 1804, p. 132, n. 220. 
Philopus (error?) iozonus. Rosenk Reis naar Ztddoostereil. p. 50 

(1862). 
Eamphiculus iozonus, G. R. Gr, Hand-list, ii. p. 227, n. 9151 
(1870). 
Ptilopus jozonus, Schleg. N. T. I), iv. p. 25 (1878); id. Mm. P.~B. 
Oolumbse, p. 17 (1873). 
Ptilonopus ionozonus, Salvad, fy IT Alb. Ann. Mus. Cm. Gen. vii. 

8 . 
PTILOPUS. 125 
p. 834 (1875); Salvad. op. cit. ix. p. 42 (187G); D'Alb. Nuova 
Guin. j>. 585 (1879). 
Ptilopus ionozonus, 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 198, n. 24 
(1876); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 365 (1877); Earns. Pr. Linn. Soc. 

N. S. W. i. p. 394 (1876), iii. pp. 103, 289 (1878), iv. p. 100, 
n. 151 (1879). 
Ptilopus 
iozonus, D'Alb. Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mus, 
Civ. Gen. x. pp. 18, 20 (1877); Salvad. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 99 ; 
Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 547 ; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 63; Bosenb, 
Malay. Archip. p. 372 (1879); D'Alb. fy Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ, 
Gen. xiv. p. 117 (1879); D'Alb. Nuova Guin. p. 588 (1880); 
Salvad. Yoy.l Challenger; Birds, p. 82 (1881); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol 

iii. p. 25 (1882); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 (1889); Salvad. Ann. 
Mm. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 587 (1890), x. p. 823 (1891) • id. Mem, 
M. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 51 (Aug. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 177) 
(1891). 
Adult male. Shining green, chin slightly greyish; middle of the 
abdomen rich orange; vent and under tail-coverts yellowish white, the 
latter with green spots on the inner webs; wings green, quills darker, 
shining, and with a bluish tinge; secondaries and greater wing-
coverts with narrow yellow edges ; smaller wing-coverts lilac-grey ; 
inner secondaries grey, with broad green edges ; wings underneath 
lead-colour, under wing-coverts slightly tinged with green; tail above 
bright green, dark grey beneath, and with a broad grey band at the 
tip, each feather with a white spot on the inner portion of the grey 
tip : " irides orange-yellow, pale yellow, or white; bill greenish or 
yellowish, with the tip yellow, and with the base of the upper 
mandible carmine ; feet carmine " (D'Albertis, Loria). Total length 
7*75 inches, wing 4*25, tail 2*1, bill 0*53, tarsus 0*62. 

Female. Like the male. 

Hab. Aru Islands and South-eastern New Guinea-

a) b. <$ ad. sk.
c. $ ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk. 
Aru Islands. 
Aru Islands (Wallace). 
Aru Islands," Jan. (J. T. 
Wallace Coll. 
(Types of species.) 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. 5 ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g. A, *". Ad. sk.
Cockerell). 
Aru Islands. 
Fly Eiver, New Guinea(Broadbent). 
Port Moresby, New Guinea 
' Challenger' Exp. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk.
(A. Goldie), 
Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 

0. 
QEDIRHINTJS. m 
Type. 
CEdirhinus, Cab. § BeJmw. SB. d. Ges. naturf. Fr. zu 
Berlin, (Mai) 1876, p. 73 P. insolitus. 
Kranocera, Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 372 
(October, 1876) P. insolitus. 
Mange, New Ireland, New Britain, and Duke of York Island. 

1:26 IKEIiOMDJ".. 
46. Ptilopus insolitus. 
1878, p. 549; Posenb. Malay. Arrhip. p. ol>l (1^70/; Salrad. Orn. 
Pap. e Mot. iii. p. 2a (18^); Trhtr. Cat. Coil. B. p. 44 (ls-9) ; 
>S'«/r«f7. Mem. P. Ac. Se. Tor. (2) xlii. p. ol (.%. Orn. Pap. e 3LJ. 

p. 177) (1891). 
Drepanoptila inbolita, G. It Or. Hand-lkf7 ii. p. ±277 n. 91 o7 
(1870). 
Ptilopus huraeialis jobi* iK> (part.), tthUg. Ma*. P.-P. C<>1 umba>, 

p. 16 (monstr.?) (lb7:J>). 
Ptilopus (GEdh Linus) glubi4W. Cab. ty Bduiir. SB. (L Ges. naturf. 
Fr. zu Perl, von 16 Mai 1^70, p. 73. 
GEdiihinus globifer, C«£. fy Rchuw. J. f. 0. 1S7G, p. 320; Satrad. 

P. Z. S. 1^77, p. 195. 
CEdirhinub in-olituP, iSclat. P Z. S. 1-77. p. 110 ; SM/A *V >SV///\ i&/*, 
1877, p. 4^1; Sflat P. Z. tf. ls"6, pp. :Mt, L'SJO, 071 ; <VW</, I/. 
of A>zr <7*/*/?. pt "uii. pi. 2 (LN8); Fin^h, P. X. >V. Is7i»T p. 13; 
&/fff. P. £. & 1^70, p. 447 ; Brown, ibid, p. 4.11; 3/«/w, ,4M//^. 
Ytgel-Skel t. xxiii. <1^&#J; Finseh, Vog. d. tiutkr**, p. Is fXew 
Britain) (18b4). 

/Ediiliinuh («*•>) inftolitus, Harwell, Pi\ Linn. Sor. X. »S'. jr. ^v Ii. 

p. llo (anatonn) (lfcS^J. 
Adult. Green, middle of the abdomen rich orange; lower part of 
the abdomen and under tail-coverts yellowish ^hite, the latter with 
green spots on the inner webs : wings green, st euntkries and greater 
upper wing-coverts edged with yellow; Mnaller wing-coverts pale 
grey; inner secondaries grey, broadly cdg< d with green ; wings 
underneath pale lead-colour; tail above gieen with a broad grey 
band at the tip, underneath grey with a paler apical hand : naked 
knob at the base of the bill orange; tip of the bill yellow; feet 
red. Total length 9 inches, wing 5*2, tail 2^5, bill from the gape 
0-9, tarsus 0-8(5. 

Hah. Xew Ireland, Xew Britain, and Duke of York Island. 

a. Ad. sk. Duke of York W.? Oct. (liev. Tweeddale Coll. 
b-e. <S $
sk. 
ad.
G. Prawn). 
Duke of York 
April 
Ibl., March, Rev. G. Brown ~C.]. 
/ , g, 7i. <$ ad.
et ad. sk. 
Duke of York M.7 Oct. (Pet. 
G. Brown). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

t. SlLPHIlRBEOX. „, 
Type. 
Sylphitreron, Verr. MS.; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 40 (1854). P. perlatua. 
Silphidsena, Bp. in litt.; G. P. Gr. Cat. Gen. <§* Subgtn. 

of Birds,?. 97 (1805). P. perlatus. 
Popcilotreron, Heiney Komenct. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 281 
(1890) ( = Sylphidcena;^.). 

Range. Papuan Islands, 

8. PTiLOPirs. 

Key to the Species, 

a. 
Yellow spots at the tip of the inner greater 
wing-coverts and inner secondaries ... . tannensis, p. 127. 

b. 
No yellow spots at the tip of the inner greater 
wing-coverts and inner secondaries. 
a'. Spots on the wing-coverts and scapulars 
grey. 
a". Forehead orange aurantiifrons, p. 128. 
b". Forehead not orange. 
a'". Cubital patch orange wallacei, p. 129. 
h"1. Cubital patch red. 

«4. Head above red ornatus, p. ] 31. 
b\ Head above yellowish olive gestroi, p. 131. 

V. 
Spots on the wing-coverts and scapulars rosy. 
c". Head above yellowish olive. 
c'". Tail above uniform green perlatus, p. 132. 
d'". Tail above green, with a light grey 
apical band zonurus, p. 133. 
d". Head above grey plumbekollis, p. 133. 

47. Ptilopus tannensis. 

Hook-billed 
Pigeon, var., Lath. Gen. Syu. ii. 2, p. 632 (1783) (described 
from a picture in Sir Joseph Banks's collection); Bechst. 
Lath. Vebers. ii. p. 012 (1794). 
Columba cunirostra, var. p, Gm. 8. i\T.L 2, p. 777 (1788). 
Columba taimensis. Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. COO, n. 2ti (1790); Bechst. 
Lath. Uebers. ii. p. (541 (1794); id. Kurze Uebers.iv^. 380 (1811). 
? Columba aromatiea, var. c, part., Temm. Pig. et Gall. i. p. 442 
(1813). 
Columba vernans, part., Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 9 (1827). 
Columba xanthura, Forst. Icon. hied. tab. 138 (Tanna); Wagl. Ids, 
1829, p. 739; Forst. Descr. An. p. 204 (1844). 
Treron aromatica, part., G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii.p. 407, n. 1 (1844). 
Treron vernans, part, G. B. Gr. ib>'d. p. 467, n. 2 (1844). 
Ptilonopus xanthura, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849). 
Osmotreron tannensis, Bp. Camp. Av. ii. p. 14 (1856) j id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 875 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 26 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceU Ordr. Big. pp. 7, 54, n. 26 (1855); Bahnb. Taubm, p. 104 
(1802); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 223, m 9100 (1870). 
Treron tannensis, Gr. Jide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 14 (in sgn. O. tannensis) 
(1854); G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trap. Isl. p. 39 (1859); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 652 (1877). 
Treron curvirostra, part., Rchnb. Taubm, p. 108 (1862). 
Ptilinopus corriei, Bams. Br. Linn. Soc. K. S. W. i. p. 133 (1876), 
Chrysoenas, sp. inc., E. L. Sf E. L. C. Layard, Ibis, 1878, pp. 275, 
280 (Erromango, Vate, A.mbrym). 
Ptilopus corriei, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 560; Tristr. Ibis, 1879, 

p. 193; Bams. Ibis, 1882, p. 344; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 (1889); 
Wiylem. Ibis, 1891, p. 581. 
Ptilopus (Chrysaena) corriei, Bams. Br. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. iii. p. 339 
(1879); Schmeltz, Verh. Ver. Bamb. 1877 (1879), p. 78. 
Treron (Osmotreron) tannensis, Schmeltz, Verh. Ver. Kami. 1877 
(1879), p. 78. 
Ptilopus correi, E. L. Layard, Ibis, 1879, p. 484; E. L. C. Layard, 
Ibis, 1880, p. 291. 

128 
TKEBOXID^J. 

Ptilopus tannensis, Wiglesio. Ibis, 1891, p. 581; id. Aves Rolynes. 

p. 47, n. 247(1891). 
Ptilonopus tannensis, 
G. R. Gr. Jide Wiglesic. I6i% 1891, p. 581 
(in syn. P. tannensis). 

Adult male. Deep green; head, chin, and throat yellowish 
green; lower abdomen yellowish; under tail-coverts yellowish 
white with green longitudinal spots on the inner webs ; smaller 
upper wing-coverts with white-grey spots near the tips : iLner 
secondaries or tertials and their greater or inner ^ring-coverts with 
large yellow apical spots: under winir-cjverts grey, tinged with 
green ; under surface of the quill* dark triey: first primary much 
attenuated at the tip in some specimens, while in others it 
gradually tapers to a point; tail green above with a subterminai 
grey band, underneath dark grey with a lighter grey apical hand : 
" iris buff ; bill green ; legs maroon '' {E. L. Lmjarrf |. Total length 
about 10 inches, wing Q'25j tail 3-25^ bill (J*S, tarsus LHK 

This bird in many respects—short tail with a grey band at the 
tip, under tail-coverts with green elongated spots on the inner webs, 
and smaller wing-coverts spotted with grey—approaches the species 
of the subgenera Bjiilotreron and CMorotreroa^ and especially P. 
aurantiifrom, near which I am disposed to place it, although the 
first primary, much attenuated towards the tip, i-s not as in the 
species of those subgenera, abruptly emarginated on the inner web. 

Hah. New Hebrides—Tarma, Mallicolo, Erroiuungo, Tate, Ambry 
m. 

a. <$ ad. sk Port Resolution, Tazraa7 Aug. Mar<rillivrav rC.\ 
b. Ad. sk. Tanna. 
Prof. It. Cullett rPA 
c. 2'A&-sk
-^at<§ ^s]* (& E. Layard). Tweeddale Coll.*" 
d. S ad. sk. Tate IsL, Sept. (E. L. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Layard). 
e^f. S ad. sk. Ambry ni, X. Hebrides, June Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(E. Z. Layard). 
48. Ptilopus anraaitiifroiLS. 
Ptilonopus 
aurantiifrons, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. ltoBf pp. 18~}f 105 
pi. 137 (Aru IsL) ; id. Cat. B. Sew Guin. pp. 45, 1*0 (lb50); id. 

P. Z. S.1861, p. 437 ; Relink Tauben, ii. p. 17S (1802); Rosenb. 
N. T. K I. xxv. p. MS, n. 215 (18G3); id. J. f. O. 1864, p. 132, 
n. 215; Fi?isch, Neu-Guin. p. 177 (18C5); WaU. Ibis, 1865, 
p. 380, n. 34; id. J. f. O. 1860, p. 279; Wall Malay Arckip. ii. 
p. 290 (1869}; Becc. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 (1875) ; 
Saluad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. CI72 (1875), m. p. 42 (1876)* 
JDAlb. Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mm, Civ. Gen, x. 
pp. IS, 20 (1879); Skarpe, Jburn. Pr. Linn, Sac., ZaoL xiii. 
p. 503 (1877), xvi. p. C88 (lfc7l>); IT Alb. Nuova Guinea, p. 585 
(1880). 
Pbilopus (sic) aurantiifrons, Rosenb. Reis naar ZuidoosieriiL p. 50 
(1867). 
Sylphidoena auranticollis (errore), G. JR. Gr. Sand-list. ii. p. 227 

n. 9155 (1870). 
8 . PTiLOPtrs. 
129 
Ptilopus atiranticollis (errore), Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columbse, p. J 8 
(1873); Fosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 372, 396 (1879). 
Ptilopus aurantiifrons, Meym*, Sitzb. k. Ah. Wissensek Wien, xlix. 

p. 508 (1874); Salvad. Ann. Mies. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 197, n. 21 
(1876) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 362 (1877); Hams. Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N. S. W. iii. pp. 103, 290 (1878), iv. p. 100, n. 155 (1879); 
Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 556; D'Alb. <$• Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. xiv. p. 117 (1879) ; D'Alb. Nuova Guin. pp. 310, 588 (1880); 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 28 (1882); Finsoh u. Meyer, 
Zeitschr.f. yes. Dm. 1886, p. 26 (Milne Bay); Tristr. Cat. Coll.B. 
p. 43 (1889); Salvad. Mem. F. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 51 (Ago. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 177) (1891). 
Ptilopus 
aurantiifrons, vac. novae guinese, Meyer, Sitzb. k. Ah. 
Wissensch. Wien, xlix. p. 509 (1874). 

Adult male. Green; forehead and lores orange, rest of the head 
green, with a yellowish tinge; chin and throat white; neck and 
crop ash-colour; upper hack grey, each feather edged with orange-
green ; rest of the back, rump, upper tail-coverts, breast, and 
abdomen green, with a yellowish tinge; crissum and under tail-
coverts yellowish white, the latter with green stripes on the inner 
web; wings green; quills with a slight bluish tinge; secondaries 
and greater wing-coverts with narrow yellow edges on the outer 
web; median upper wing-coverts and scapulars green, with grey 
round spots near the tip ; wings below lead-colour, the under wing


. coverts slightly tinged with green; tail above green, with a greyish 
apical band tinged with green, below grey with a lighter apical 
band: " bill yellow at the tip, purple-red at the base; feet pale 
purple-red; iris orange " (Beccari). Total length about 9 inches, 
wing 5-25, tail 2-o, bill 0*62, tarsus 0*75. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Has the grey collar tinged with green, and the green 
feathers of the underparts with yellowish edges. 
Hah. Aru Islands, New Guinea, Jobi, Batanta, Salawatti, and 
MysoL 

a,b. cT ? ad. sk. Aru Islands. "Wallace Coll. 
(Types of species.) 

c. $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. 
Wallace Coll. 
(1. Ad. sk. Salawatti ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. Salawatti, July (Fosenberg). Tweeddale Coll. 
f. 
Ad. sk. New Guinea. * Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. J ad. sk. N.W. New Guinea. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. $ ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New Guinea Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(A. Goldie). 
49. Ptilopus wallacei. 
Ptilonopus wallacei, 
G. F. Or. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 185, 195, pi. 136 
(Aru IsL); id. Cat. B. New Gui?i. pp. 45, 60 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 
1861, p. 437; Fclmb. Tauben,ii. p. 178 (1862); Fosenb. N. T. N.L 

xxv. p. 248, n. 213 (1863); id. J. /. O. 1864, p. 132, n. 213; 
Finsoh, Neu-Guin. p. 177 (1865); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 380, n. 33; 
id. J. f. O. 1866, p. 279, n. 33; Pelz. Verh. z,-b> Ges. Wien, 
xxii p. 430 (1872). 
VOL. XXI. 
K 

130 XREBOXIB-2E. 

Philopus (errore) wallacei, Itosenb. JReis naar Zuidoostereil p 50 

(1867). 

Ptilopus wallacei, JRosenb. Beis naar ZuidoostereiL p. SI (Kei IsL) 

(1867); Schleg.Mus.P.-B. Columbae, p. 18 (1873); Sahad.An'n. 

Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 197, n. 20 (1878j ; Giek Tkes. Orn ill* 

p. 369 (1877); Elliot, P Z. S. 1878, p. 555; Itostnb, Malay] 
Archip. ]). 372 (1879); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 658 
(1879); id. Orn. Tap. e Mol. iii. p. 30 (1582); Skarpe. in Gould's 
B. Kew Guin. pt. XT. pi. 9 (1&SJ): Sclat P. Z. S. Ib83, pp 51 
195, 200; Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. firs. l,k, 1S84, Abh. i. p 50Forbes, 
P. Z. S. 1884, p. 4^3; Guilltm. P. Z. S. 1^5, p. 658: 
Biittik. Not Leyd. Mus. Vill. p. tJo* (Ib^O); 2>iVr. Cat Coll. B. 
p. 45 (1889) (Larat); Salvad. Mem. It Ac. Se. Tor. (2j xlii* 
p. 52 (.4^. Onz. P^Z/A e MoL p. 17bj (1691). 
Sylphidcena wallacei, 6s. P. G'r. Hand-L li. p. 227, n. 9154 (lfc70). 
Pcecilotreron wallacei, Heine §- Itchnic. Xometwl Mm. Hein Om 


p. 281 (lb90). 
Adult male. Pileum blood-red ; cheeks and throat -white; ear-

coverts tipped with yellowish green ; neck and breast pure grev; 

feathers of the upper back, scapulars, and median wing-coverts 

grey, edged with greenish orange ; middle of the back dull orange; 

rump and upper tail-coverts yellowish green; a white bund across 

lower part of breast, succeeded by a I road one of deep orange; 

abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts light udlmv, the latter 

striped with green on the inner webs ; sides of hi east, Hanks, and 

thighs green; wings green ; the primaries bright green with a 

bluish tinge; first primary gradually, but not abruptly, attenuated 

at the tip; secondaries and greater wing-coverts outwardly edired 

with yellow ; smaller wing-coverts dull orange ; under surface"" of 

the wing and axillaries grey; tail above yeilowi&h green, with a 

broad, paler, apical band, nearly white on the inner web; tail 

below grey, with a broad apical white band: k* bill yellow; feet 

red " ( Wallace) ; " iris carmine, chaniring into yellow in the inner 

ring " (Beccari). Total length about 10 inches* wing 0, tail 3-25, 

bill 0*65, tarsus 0*85. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Upper part of the head olive-green, tinged with red ; 
wing-coverts and scapulars broadly edged with yellow; bhoulders, 
or smaller wing-coverts, obsolete!}- yellow-orange; white pectoral 
band also obsolete. 

Bab. Aru and Ke Islands, Timor Laut and Babbar. 

a, b. $ $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll. 
(Tvpe* of species.) 


c. <$ ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll. 
&- Ad. sk. Gould Cull. 
e. Ad. sk. [New Guinea.] Sah in-Godman Coll. 
f,<J- 6 2 ad. sk. limor Laut, Aug., Sept. II. <). Fori**, Esq. 
[cv. 
h,i. <S 2 &&• &k- Timor Laut, Aug., Sept. {If. Sahiu-Godman Coll. 

O. Forbes). 
h <$ ad. sk. Timor Laut, Aug. (IL O. F.) Tweeddale Coll. 
8 . PTILOPUS. 
131 

50. Ptilopus ornatus. 
Ptilopus ornatus, Rosenb. in litt.; Schleg. N. T. D. iv. p. 52 (1371) 
id. Mus. P.-B. Colunibge, p. 19 (1873) ; Rose?ib. Heist, mar 
Geelvinkb. pp. 117,143 (1875)• Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. v 

p. 715 (1875); Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 197, n. 19 
(1870), x. p. 158 (1877); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 36G (1877); 
Oust. Bull. Soe. Philom. 1877, p. OQ • Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 556; Sahad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 64; Rosenb. Malay. Archip. 
pp. 5t>l, 594 (1879); I)1 Alb. Nuova Guin. p. 582 (1880); Sahad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mot. iii. p. 32 (1882) : Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 60S; 8akad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 52 (Aaq. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. p. 178) (1891). 
Adult male. Green ; upper part of head deep purple-red ; throat 
and lower part of cheeks grey, collar on the nape deeper grey; crop 
and upper part of breast yellow olive-brown ; the same colour 
tinges the back of the neck below the grey collar; back, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts green, the upper back slightly tinged with brown ; 
lower part of breast, sides, and thighs green ; middle of the abdomen 
greyish white, slightly tinged with yellow• vent and under 
tail-coverts yellowish white, the latter with green stripes on the 
inner webs; wings green; primaries deeper and with a bluish tinge ; 
secondaries and greater wing-coverts outwardly edged with yellow ; 
a long, purple-red patch on the smaller wing-coverts, the median 
ones grey, edged with green ; scapulars grey, edged with orange-
green, tinged in some specimens with purple-red ; wings underneath 
lead-colour; under wing-coverts slightly tinged with green; tail 
above green, with a broad apical band yellow, tinged in some 
specimens with pale purple ; tail below grey, with a yellowish-
white apical band : " bill yellowish or greenish; feet purple; irides 
pale red or yellow-red " (D'Albertis). Total length 10*25 inches, 

wing 5*8, tail 3*25, bill 0*65, tarsus 0*75. 
Female. Like the male. 
Hob. North-western New Guinea. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
New Guinea. 
Amberbaki, May {Laglaize). 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

51. Ptilopus gestroi. 
Ptilonopus gestroi, D'Alh. Ef Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vi. 
p. 834 (1875); D'Alb. Nuova Gain. p. 585 (I860). 
Ptilopus gestroi, 8alvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. pp. 43, 197, n. 18 
(1876); Elliot9 P. Z. S. 1878, p. 557, pi. 34; Sums. Pr. Linn. 80c. 

N. 8. W. iii. p. 289 (1878), iv. p. 100, n. 150 (1879); JDAlb. fySalvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 116 (1879); D'Alb. Nuova Guin. 
p. 588 (1880); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. 80c, Zool. xvi. p. 445 (1882); 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. pp. 33, 555 (1882); id. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. (2) x. p. 823 (1891); id. Mem. It. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. 52 {Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 178) (1891). 
Similar to P. ornatiis, from which it differs in having the head 
yellowish olive and the crop of a deeper brown : " bill yellow, with 
i2 

132 TR"ERONID-£. 

the nostrils purple ; feet purple; irides yellow JJ (D'Albertts), or 
" coral-red or grey, with an outer ring golden red ?* (Loria). 

Female. Like the male. 

Sab. South-eastern 2sTew Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea {A. Goldieu Salvin-Godman Cull. 
52. Ptilopus perlatus. 
Columba perlata, Temm. PL Col. 559 (livr. 94, 1835); Kttip 4* Pre v. 
Pig. ii. pi. 21 (1838-43); Mull. VerL Zand-en Volkenh. p. 22 
(1839-44). 

Ptilinopus perlatus, Less. CompL de Buff. iii. Ois. p. 31 (1837): id, 
op. cit. 2nd ed. p.' 277 (1838). 
Ptilonopus perlatus, G. M. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 466, n. 10 (1644); 
Select. Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 107, n. 134 (1858); G. P. Gr. 

P. Z. S.1858, pp. 185,195 (part.) ; id. Cat. B. Xew Guik. \if. 47, r,t) 
(part.); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 (part.); Wall. Ibis, 2865, p. ,W, 
n. 32 (part.); Finsch, Keu-Guin. p. 177 (part) (1*05); Wall. J.f.O. 
1866, p. 279, n. 32 (part.). 
Sylphitreron perlata, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 40 (1854 j ; id. Gmpt. Mend. 
si. p. 217, n. Ill; id. Coup (twil Ordr. Pit/, p. 55, n. ill (1>>35/ ; 
Rchnh. Tauben, p. 110, n. 2C4, t. 230. if. 1312-13 ilHS'd); liomik 
JVr. T. X I. xxv. p. 249, B. 234 (part) (ItsGS); id. J. f. O. WU, 

p. 133, n. 234 (part.). 
Carpophaga perlata, Bp. in UiLjide Bp. Comp. ii. p. 40 flN54i. 
Megaloprepia perlata, Bp. Compt. Rendus, xxxix. p. 1077 (18541 ; 
id. Coup d'mil Ordr. Pig. p. 18 (1855). 
Sylphidsena perlata, Bp. fide G. It. Gr. Cat. Gen. *Vfilt/bf/en.Birds, 

p. 97 (1855). 
Svlphidcena perlata, G. JR. Gr. Hand-list ^ ii. p. 227, n. 9153 (part,) 
"(1870); Hartert, Eat. Togelsamml. p. 190 (1891). 
Ptilopus perlatus, Schleg. Mus.P.-B. Columbae, p. 17 (part.) (1873); 
Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 197, n. 16 (1876f? x. p. 157 
(1877) j Gieb. Thes. Oni. ill. p. 8Q6 (part) (1877); BUM, P. Z.S. 
1878, p. 557 (part.); Salvad. P.Z. S. 1*79. p. 64; Mosenb. Malay. 
Arehip. pp. 396, 561 (1879); IPAlb. Xvoia Gam. p. 562 (1880); 
Sakad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 35 (1882); Xehrk. J. / . 0.1885, 

p. 34; Trisir. Cat Coll. B. p. 44 (part.) (1889); Sahrtd. Mem. It. 
Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xiii. p. 52 (Agg. Dm. Pap: e Mol. p. 178) (1891). 
f Ptilopus perlata (sic), Rams* Pr. Linn. Sue. X. S. W. iii. p. 77 
(1878). 

Adult male. Green, with a bluish tinge on the upper parts; head 
yellow-olive; throat white; a collar round the nape grey; scapulars 
and middle wing-coverts with rose-coloured spots in the centre ; 
crop and upper breast brown-olive; lower breast and abdomen 
green ; vent pale yellowish green; under tail-coverts yellowish 
white, with the inner web dull green, and greyish towards the 
base; quills bluish green, the first primary slightly narrowed at 
tip; under surface of the wings lead-colour; under wing-coverts 
slightly tinged with green; tail above bright green, below grey 
with an apical brighter band: "bill green-yellow; feet purple; 
irides with an inner ring vellow, and an outer one carmine3} 
(UAlbertis). Total length 11 to 11-25 inches, wing 6-25, tail 3-25, 
bill 0-74 to 0-59. 

8 . PTILOPUS. 
133 

Female. Like the male. 

Hah. Western New Guinea, Jobi, and Salawatti. 

a. J ad. sk. Aniberbaki, N.W. New Guinea, Salvin-Golrnan Coll. 
May (Zaylaize). 
b. 6 ad. sk. Andai, New Guinea, July (Meyer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. J ad. sk. Passim, New Guinea, June (Meyer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
53. Ptilopus zonurus. 
Ptilonopus perlatus, Wall, {nee Temm.) Ann. § Mag. N. H. (2) xx. 
p. 476 (1857) (Am); G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 185, 195 
(part.) ; id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 47, 60 (part.) (1859) j id. F. Z. 8. 
1861, p. 437 (part.); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 177 (part.) (1865); 
Wall. Ibis, I860, p. 880, n. 32 (part.); id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 279, 
n. 32 (part.); t& Malay. Archip. ii. p. 290 (1869) ; Felz. Verh. 
z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxii. p. 430 (1872); Salvad. Ibis, 1880, p. 325. 
Sylphitreron perlata, Rosenb. N. T. N. I. xxv. p. 249, n. 234 (part.) 
(1863); id. J J. O. 1864, p. 133, n. 234 (part.). 
Sylphidoena perlata, G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 227, n. 9153 (part.) 
(1870). 
Ptilopus 
perlatus, ScJileq. Mm. F.-B. Colnmbae, pp. 17, 18 (part.) 
(1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 366 (part.) (1877); Elliot, F. Z. 8. 
1878, p. 557 (part.); Ramsay, Fr. Linn. Soc. J\r, S. W. p. 290 
(1878); Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 372 (1879): Tristt\ Cat. Coll. 

B. p. 44 (part.) (18^9). 
Ptilopus zonurus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 197, n. 17 (1876) 
(Am); Mliot, F. Z. 8.1878, p. 558 ; Rants. Fr. Linn. Soc. K 8. W. 

iii. p. 290 (1878), iv. p. 100, n. 152 (1879); Salvad. F. Z.8.1879, 
p. 64; I? Alb. % Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 115 (1879); 
JD'Alb. Nuova Guinea, p. 588 (1880); Salvad. Orn. Fap. e Mol. 
iii p. 36 (1882); id. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 587 (1890), x. 
p. 824 (1891); id. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 52 (Ago. Orn. 
Fap. e Mol. p. 178) (1891). 
Like P. perlatus, save tbat the tail has an apical greyish-white 
band above and below; the yellow-olive colour of the head and the 
rufous-brown colour of the crop darker, and the under tail-coverts 
more whitish : " bill yellowish or greenish at the base, with the tip 
yellow; feet pale flesh-colour; iris with an inner ring yellow and 
an outer one reddish " (DJAlbert is). 

Hah. Aru Islands and Southern, Eastern, and Central New 

Guinea, along the Fly River. 

a, b. Ad. sk. etsk. Aru Islands. 
Wallace Coll. 

c. J ad. sk. Aru Islands. 
Gould Coll. 
d. $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Fly River, S. New Guinea, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Broadbent), 
f. 
Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. Br. Romilly [C.]. 
<j. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll 
54. Ptilopus plumbeicollis. 
Ptilopus plumbeicollis, Meyer, Ibis, 1890. p. 422 (Constantine Har\


bour, N.E. New Guinea) j Salvad, Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. 

p. 52 (1891). 
134 
TRERON1D-32. 

Similis Pt. perlato et Pt. zonvro. sed eapite einereo ef oollo 
posiioo plumbeo diversus. Long. al. 0*155 m.s caud. 0*26. rostri 
0*21, tarsi 0-21.'' (Mayer). 

"Easily distinguished from Pt. perlafus and Pi. zoiivms by the 
"whole of "the head being light grey, only faintly tinaed with green 
on the nape, and whitish towards the front, as also by its sharply 
defined light plumbeous hind neck, which colour spreads on to the 
sides of the neck" (Meyer) ; terminal grey band on the tail as in 
zonnrus, but narrower. 

Hah. Constantine Harbour, E. Xew Guinea. 

•c. TJIORACOTBEKO>\ _ 
Type. 
Thoracotreron, Salt ad. Orn. Pap. e MuL iii. \ p. 4.37 {I'^'l1. P. n\ olii. 
Range, Moluccas and Papuan Islands, from Bourn to the Solomon 

Islands. 

Key to the Specus. 

a. 
A crescentic band white or yellow on the 
breast of the male*. 
a'. Crescentic band on the breast yellowish 
white or pure white. 
a". Under tail-coverts yellow. 
a'". 
Xo purple band along the middle of 
the abdomen. 


«4. Crescentic band on the breast yellowish 
white htrophium. p. 135. 
bK Crescentic band on the breast pure 
white ntitpieli, p. 130. 
b"\ 
A purple band along the middle of the 
abdomen rirtiii. p. 130. 

V. 
Under tail-coverts green, sometimes 
mingled with yellow pmasinorrhom7 p. 137. 
V. Crescentic band on the breast white, jellow 
on the anterior pait 
c". Under tail-coverts green . hellu% p. 13S. 
I". Under tail-coverts vellow $yi cwsus^ p. 130. 

c'. Crescentic band on the breast uniform yellow. 
e". Sinciput, lower breast, and abdomen Mae-
purple jvlmmm} p. 140. 
f". Sinciput purple; lower breast and abdomen 
lilac-purple mhmonemw, p. 140. 

b. Breast of the females uniform green, with no 
crescentic band. 
</. Under tail-coverts bright yellow. 
g". Head brighter green than the neck and 
back stropMum, p. 135. 
7i". Head and neck brighter green than the 
back. 
c"'. Larger; wing 5*5 inches. miquelu p. 136. 
d"'. Medium ; wing 5*2 inches rivolii, p. 136. 
e"'. Smaller; wing 4*5 inches speeiosu.% p. 130. 

i". 
Head and neck green, uniform with the jjoliamu's, p. 140. 
back I sahmonensis, p. 140. 

8 . PTIL0PTT3. 
135 

e'. Under tail-coverts green, edged or mingled 

with, yellow. 

k '. Smaller; wing4*8 inches: only the upper 

part of the head darker than the rest .. prasinorrhous, p. 137. 

I". Larger; wing 5*5 inches: upper part of 

the head and periophthalinic region 

darker and brighter green bellm, p. 138. 

bo. Ptilopus strophrum. 

Ptilonopus, sp., MacgilL Contr. to Orn. 1850, p. 102, with figure. 

Ptilonopus strophium, Gould, apud Jardine, Contr. to Orn. 1850, 

p. 105 (note); G. R. Gr. List Spec. B. Brit Mus. Colurabge, p. 6 
(part) (1856); id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195; id. Cat B. New Gum. 
pp. 46, 60 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 433. 
Jotreron rivolii (part.), Bp. Consp. ii. p. 25 (1854); id. Compt.Rend. 

xxxix. p. 878 (part.) (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 55; id. Coup d'ceil 
Ordr. Pig. pp. 10, 55, n. 55 (1855). 
Ionotreron'rivolii (part.), Rehnb. Tauben, p. 100, n. 233, t. 236 5. 

f. 3364 (nee t. 235. f. 1306) (1862). 
Ptilonopus rivolii, Wall, {nee Pr£v.), Ibis, 1865, p. 381, n. 38; id. 
J.f.O. 1866, p. 279, n. 38. 
Iotreron rivolii (part.), G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii, p. 226, n. 9142 (1870). 
Ptilopus strophium, Schleg. Mus, P.-B. Oolumbae, p. 27 (1873); 
Safoad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 196, n. 10 (1876); Ellioi, 

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 563 (part.); Salvud. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 65; id. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 37 (1882); Meyer, Siteb. u. Abh. der Ges. 
Isis, 1884, Abh. L p. 51; Tristr. Ibis, 1»89, p. 558 (East Island 
and Bossel Island); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. iSc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 52 
(Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 178) (1891). 
"Ptilopus cinctus, Gould, Schleg. I.e. (errore?). 
Ptilopus rivolii (part.), Rams. Pr. Linn. Soe. N. S. W. iii. p. 290, 

n. 143 (Deboyne Island and Teste Island) (1878), iv. p. 100, n. 15(5 
(1879); Sahad. Ibis, 1879, p. 325; de Vis (nee Prev.), Ann. Rep. 
Brit Neio Gum. p. 62 (1890); id. Colon. Papers, n. 103, p. 116 
(1890); id. Ibis, 1891, p. 40. 
Adult male. Bright green; sinciput purple-red; crescentic band 
on the chest yellowish white, edged above and below with a narrow 
dark green line; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts rich lemon-
yellow ; scapulars with blue-black round spots in the centre ; primaries 
dull greyish green, with narrow whitish edges; secondaries 
and rectrices with narrow yellow edges• tail above green; below 
dark grey, with a light grey band at the end: " bill yellow; feet 
purple; iris yellow " (Ingham). Total length 9*25 inches, wing 5*3, 
tail 3, bill 0-61, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Bright green; head darker green above, lower abdomen 
and under tail-coverts lemon-yellow. Differs from the male in 
wanting the red-purple colour on the sinciput, the white crescentic 
band on the chest, and the round bluish-black spots on the scapulars. 

Hah. Louisiade Islands—Duchateau, Deboyne, Teste, East, Eossel, 
and St. Aignan Islands, and also SJE. New Guinea, near Port 
Moresby. 

A specimen from Southern New Guinea has a few small purple 
spots along the middle of the abdomen. 

TBEROfflDiE. 

The figure in Jardme's ; Contributions to Ornithology 7(L e.)9 drawn 
from the much-faded type specimen, is scarcely recognizable. 

a. 
(S ad. sk. Louisiade Archipelago. J.Macgillivray,Esq.[P.]. 
(Type of species.) 
sk Teste

b, c. 6 S ad-- Is., Louisiade Archi- Sir j/lngham [P.]. 
pela<ro. 
de c?$ad.sk. Port Moresby, New Guinea Salvin-Godman Coll. 
' ' {A. Goldie). 
f, [/• 6 2 a^. sk. Port Moresby. Gould Cull. 
'h.'tf ad. sk. New Guinea? Yerreaux Coll. 

56. Ptilopus miqueli 
Ptilopus miqueli, Bosenb. in Hit.; ScMeg. N. T. JD. iv. p. 22 (1871); 

id. Mm. P.-B. Columbse, p. 26 (1873;; Meyer, Sitzb. k. Ah. 
Wissensch. Wien, lxx. p. 128 (1874) ; Bosenb. Heist, naar Geelvinkb. 
pp. 117, 143 (1875) ; Salvad. Ann. Mns. Civ. Gen. ix. 

p. 196, n. 11 (187(5); Qieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 360 (1877); RoicL 
Orn. Misc. iii. p. 60, pi. 88 (1878); Meyer, ibid. p. 6'2 (1878); 
Salvad. B. Z. S. 1879, p. 65; Bosenb. Malay. Archijj. pp. 501, 595 
(1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 39 (1882). 
Ptilonopus 
miqueli, Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 (1875) ; 
Salvad. ibid. p. 786 (1875). 
Ptilopus strophium (part.), Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 563. 

Adult male. Similar to that of P. stropliium, hut the erescentic 
hand on the chest pure white : bill greenish (?), with a light tip ; 
feet red. Total length 9-25 inches, wing 5*25, tail 2-8, bill Q-62, 
tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Similar to that of P. strojjMum, and perhaps indistinguishable. 
Hab. Johi and Miosnom, Geelvink Bay. 

57. Ptilopus rivolii. 
Columha rivolii, Prev. 8f Xnip, Pig. iL pi. 57 (1838-43) ; Des Mum, 
Icon. Om.pl. 4(1845). 
Ptilonopus rivolii, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. iii. A pp. p. 23 (1849); id. 

P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195; id. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 60 (1859) ; id. 
P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 177 (1805). 
Jatreron rivolii (pait), Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 25 (1854); id. Compf. 
Bend.xxxix. p. 878 (part.) (1854),xl. p. 217, n. 5o ; id. Coup d'wil 
Ordre Pig. pp. 10, 55, n. 55 (part) (1855). 

Ionotreron rivolii (part,), Rchnb. Tauben, p. 100, n. 233, t. 235. 

f. 1306 (nect. 236 6. f. 3364) (1862). 
Iotreron rivolii (part), G.B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 226, n. 9142 (1870). 
Ptilonopus rivolii (part), Barns. Pr. Linn. Sac. X. S. W. i. p. 374 
(1876). 
Ptilopus rivolii, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 109; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 368 (part) (1877); Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civ, Gen. xii. p. 345 
(1878); Elliot, P. Zl S. 1878, p. 561; ? Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N S. W.lilp.290 (part) (1878) (CloudyBay andBlundenRiver), 
iv. p. 100, n. 156 (1879); Sahad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 05 ; Gould, B. 
New Guin. pt. ix. pi. 9 (1879); Sahad. Ibis, 1879, p. 325; Finsch, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 538; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 40 (1882). 
8 . PTILOPUS. 
137 

Adult male. Bright green; sinciput and middle of the abdomen 
purple-red; crescentic band on the chest white, slightly tinged 

•with yellow ; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts rich yellow; 
scapulars with round bluish-black spots in the centre; primaries 
dull greyish green, with narrow whitish edges; secondaries and 
rectriees with narrow yellow edges; tail above green, below dark 
grey, with a light grey band at the end: bill greenish, with the tip 
yellowish ; feet purple. Total length 8*75 inches, wing 5% tail 2-8, 
bill 0-72, tarsus 0*78. 
Female. Green, with the pileum deeper and brighter; lower 

abdomen and under tail-coverts bright yellow. 
Bah. New Ireland (?) and Duke of York Island, 
Mr. Eamsay mentions specimens from Cloudy Bay and Blunden 

River. 
a, b. <$ 2 ad. sk. Duke of York Island (Pev. G.
Brown). 
Tweeddale Ooll. 

58. Ptilopus prasinorrhous. 
Ptilonopus, n. sp., Wall. Ann. $ Mag. N. II. (2) xx. p. 473 (1857) 
(Ke Isl.). 

Ptilonopus prasinorrhous, G. P. Gr. P. Z. S.1858, pp. 185, 195; id. 
Cat. £. Neio Guin. pp. 04, 00 (1859;; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 43(5; 
Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 290; id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 34; id. Ibis, 1865, 

p. 381, n. 37; Fmch, lieu-Guin. p. 177 (1805); Wall. J. f. 0. 
1866, p. 279, n. 37; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 698. 
Ionotreron prasinochroa, Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 180, n. 233 b (1862). 
Jotreron prasinorhous, Posenb. N. T. N. I. xxv. p. 249, n. 218 (1863); 

id. J.f. 0. 1864, p. 132, n. 218. 

Ptilopus 
prasinorrhous, Schleg. N. T. D. iii. pp. 210, 346 (I860); 
Posenb. Peis naar de Zuidoosiereil. pp. 81, 88 (1867) ; Sahad. Ann. 
Mus. Oiv. Gen. ix. p. 196, n. 13 (1876), x. p. 157 (1877), xii. p. 346 
(1878); Means. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. iii. p. 291 (1878) ; Elliot, 

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 562 ; 8ahad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 65; id. Ami. Mus. 
Cib\ Gen. xiv. p. 657 (1879); DAlb. Nuova Guin. p. 582 (1880); 
Sahad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 41 (1882); Bias, fy Nehrk. Verh. 
z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1882, p, 428 (Amboina); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, 
pp. 575 (Weeda Isl.), 658 (Traitor's Isl., N. of Jobi) ; Tristr. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 44 (1889); Saluad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 
{Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 179) (1891). 
Iotreron prasinorrhous, G.P. Gr. Hand-list,ii.p. 226, n. 9143 (1870). 

Ptilopus 
rivolii (part.), 8chleg. N. T. D. iv. p. 21 (1871); id. Mus. 
P.-B. Columbse, p. 24 (1873); Meyer, Sitzb. h. Ak. d. Wissensch. 
zu Wien, lxx. p. 128 (part.) (1874); Salvad. {nee PrSv.) Ann, 
Mus. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 383, n. 38 (1876), ix. p. 196, n. 12 (part.) 
(1876) (Bum); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 368 (part.) (1877) ; Itosmb. 
Malay. Archip. pp. 372, 396, 561 (1878-79). 

Adult male. Bronze-green; sinciput and centre of the lower 
breast and upper abdomen purple-red; crescentic band on the chest 
white, slightly tinged with yellow; lower abdomen and under tail-
coverts green, with the edges of the feathers yellow; scapulars 
with bluish-black round spots on the centre; primaries dark greyish 

138 TBER0XIDJ2. 

green, with narrow whitish edges; secondaries and rectrices with 
narrow yellow edges; tail above green, below dark grey, with a 
light grey band at the end: bill and naked skin of the lores yellow ; 
feet dark purple: " hides yellow " (D'Alhertk), or ^ red saffron "' 
(Beccari). Total length 9"25~S*S inches, wing 4*5, tail 3*15. 
bill O-66-0-59, tarsus 0-66-0-78. 

Female. Bronze-green, deeper and brighter on the pileura, differing 
from the male in wanting the ereseentic white-yellow i4i band on 
the chest, the red-purple colour on the sinciput and middle of tne 
breast, and the black spots on the scapulars. 

Specimens from Burn have more yellow on the under tail-
coverts, which sometimes are wholly of this colour, approaching 

P. nmh'i. 
Hab. Western Papuan Islands—Ke, Mysol. Koffiao, Salawatti. 
Jhtftnta, Waigiou, Guebeh, Gade, Jobi, Mafoor, and Traitor's Islands 
(Gcelrink Bay); the Moluccas—Dammar, Weeda Island, Khoor. 
Tejoor, Matabello, Monawoika, Poulo-Padjung, Goram7 Amboyna, 

and Bouru. 
a.
b.
e, 
(J ad. 
J mh 
rf ad. 
sk. 
>k. 
sk. 
K*§ 14. 
K<? M. { Wallace). 
K«$ 14., July (if. 0. jtf/r/*w). 
Wallac** Pull. iTvp 
of H|#*ei^,I 
Gould Coll. 
Saliiii4imltiiaii C41 
d. r? ml, 4c. Mvsol. WIIIIIMVIMIL 
«k. ?*/• € 2 fctl. 
q. f£ ad. bk. 
\lk.*f $ iid.sk. 
My*oL 
Jobi. 
Matabello 14. 
Twmltlal** Cull. 
ftftlvin-Godman Coll, 
Wallace CoiL 
J, »i* 2 &k« 
it. <* ad. sk. 
o. c{ ad. dc-
p. •* illllli. sk. 
Matabello 14. { Wallace). 
Bouru { Wallace)* 
Bouru, Nov. (72*. 0. Forbes). 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Cull 
Salvin-Gtrtlmail Coll. 
iFtalriii-Godtuan CoiL 
g. 2 inim. sk. [Java/ Purchased. 

59. PtHopus hellus. 
Ptilonopus bellus, Selat. P. Z. S. 1*7:), pp. 606, (%IB9 pi. IviL; liter. 
Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 (1^75); Sulrad. ibid. p. 7K*J 
(1875). 

Ptzlopus hellus, Meyer\ Sitzh. h. Akad. Wissewtch. Wien9 Ixx. p. IfH 
(1874) j Salmd. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. j>. 197f n. 14 (167*5 )f 
x, p. 157 (1877) ; Oust. Bull. 8oe. PAilom. Paris, 1877, 

p. 55 ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. St>2 (1877); Bowl. Qrn. Misr.lli. 
p. 171 (1878); Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 291 (1878); 
JSllmt, P Z. S. 1878, p. 563; &AwI. P. Z & 1879, p. 110; Gould* 
B.ofJSeto Gum. pt. ix. pi. 8 (1879); D*Alb. Xwva Gmn. pp. 77,8&'2 
(1880); Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc.N. 8. W. viii. p. 57 (1888) (nest and 
e<rgs) ; Gmllem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 658 ; TWtfr. Caf. CdL B. p. 43 
(1&9); Be J%. Am. Pep. Brit. New Gum. p. 02 (1890); id. 
Colon. Papers, n. 103, p. 110 (1890); id. Ibis, 1891, p. 40; Salmd, 
Mem. JR. Ac. 8e. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 (Ago. Orn. Pap. e Mol. 

p. 179) (1891). 
Ptilopus patruelis, Meyer, Zeitschnf.ges. Orn. 1880, p. 27, Tai vi. 
(SJB. ISew Guinea). 

Adult male. Bronze-green ; occiput and sides of the head deeper 

8 . PTILOPTTS. 
139 

and brighter; sinciput and middle of the lower breast pnrple-red ; 
crescentie pectoral band yellow on the upper part and white 
on the lower; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts green, with 
the edges of the feathers more or less yellow; scapulars with bluish-
black round spots in the middle; primaries dark greyish green, 
with narrow whitish edges; secondaries and reetrices with narrow 
yellow edges; tail above green, below dark grey, with a light grey 
band at the end : "bill yellow; feet dark carmine: irides yellow*" 
(DJAlbertis). Total length 9-8 inches, wing fro, tail 2'8, bill 0-70, 
tarsus 0*0. 

Fern de. Green ; pileum and sides of the head deeper and brighter ; 
lower abdomen and under tail-coverts green, with yellow edges; no 
purple-red colour on the sinciput and middle of the lower"breast; 
no crescentie band on the chest and no bluish-black spots on the 
scapulars. 

Hah. Xew Guinea. 

//. s ad. 6k. Mt Arfak, X.W. New Guinea. Gould Coll. 

b. 0 ad. sk. Mt. Arfak, Feb. Saivin-Godman Coll. 
(\ cf ad. sk. Doktur, Xew Guinea, April. Saivin-Godman Coll. 
//. 2 ail. sk. X.W. Xew Guinea. Gould Coll. 
<: 2 fid. 4c. X.W. Xew Guinea. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
/. ^ ad. 4i. . Mt Owen Stanley. G. Schneider [CI. 
//,/<. <* ? ftd.sk. Astrolabe Mts. A. Goldie, Esq. [0.]. 
i. k\ s 2 ml sk. S.E. Xew Guinea (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 
/»m. cf 2 ad.&k. S.E. Xew Guinea (A. Goldie). Saivin-Godman Coll. 
60. Ptilopus speciosus. 
rtilopuB speciosus, Mosmb. in lift • Schley. N. T. D. iv. p. 23 (1871); 
iflMtm. P.-B. Columba, p. 27 (1873); Meyer, Sitzb. k. Ah. 
Wwmmeh. Wien, Ixx. p. 128 (1874); JRosenb. Heist, naar de GeeU 
rinhb. ^ . 117,143, pi. xv. f. 1 (1873); Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

vii. p. 715 (3875); Salvad. ibid. ix. p. 197, n. 15 (1876); Gieb. 
Tltes. Orn. iii. p. 308 (1877); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 564 ; Howl. 
Om. Ilisc. iii. p. 171, pL 104 (1878) ; Gould, B. of New Quin. pt. ix. 
pi 7 (1879); Posenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 561, 595 (1879); Salvad. 
Om. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 47 (1882); Meyer, Abbild. Vogel-Skel. 
t. xxxiii. (1883); Guillen. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 658 (Traitor's Is., 
X. of Jobx): Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 45 (1*89); Salvad. Mem. 
It Ac. Se. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 (Ar/g. Orn. Tap. e MoL p. 179) 
(1801). 
Adult male. Green, the head and neck brighter: a spot on each 
bide of the forehead, just above the lores but near the eyes, purple; 
on the chest a broad crescentie band of bright yellow, surrounded 
interiorly by a white band ; centre of the breast and abdomen purple-
lilac ; lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts rich yellow; 
wings green; primaries slate-black, narrowly edged with yellow, 
towards the tips greenish grey ; secondaries green, like the back, 
and narrowly edged with yellow on the outer web ; wings underneath 
slate-grey; under wing-coverts slightly washed with green and 
edged with yellow; tail above green, below grey, with a lighter 
apical band; reetrices with narrow yellow edges: bill blackish, 

140 TRIJRONIDJE. 

with palo tip ; foci purple : " iriflos yellow" (Beceari). Total length 
7 inches, wing 4*5, tail 2\'30, bill 0-50, tarsus 0*8. 

Fondle, Green; head and neck brighter; the feathers of the 
lower breast and abdomen edged with yellow: under tail-coverts 
yellow; wings and tail as in the male, from which it differs in 
wanting the purple spots on the sides of the forehead, the yellowarul-
white crescentic band on the chest, and the beautiful purple-
lilac colour on the lower breast and upper abdomen. 

Hub. The islands of Mafoor and Mysoii, and also Traitor's Island 

(N. of Jobi), in Geelvink Bay. 
a. J ad. sk. Mafoor, March. Dr. A. B. Meyer [0.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. Mafoor, March (Meyer). Gould Coll. 
<>. <$ ad. sk. Kordo, Mysori, April (Meyer). Gould Coll. 
d, e. S ad. sk. Kordo. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. <S ad. sk. Tweeddale Coll. 

61- Ptilopus johaimis. 

Ptilopus johaimis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 556, n. 16 ; Elliot, P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 564; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 66; Sclat Voy. ' Challenger] 
Birds, p. 32, pi. x. (1881) ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. 

p. 49 (1883); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 348; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. 
Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 179) (1891). 
Adult male. Similar to the male of P. salomonensis, from which 
it differs in having the fore part of the head lilac instead of 
rich purple-lilac : " eyes light yellow; feet light red or pink colour : 
tip of bill light green'*' (Moseley). Total length 7-75 inches, wing 5, 
tail 2-70, bill 0*6, tarsus 0*7(>* 

Female. Like that of P. salomonensis : " eyes white " (Moseley). 
Hah. Admiralty Islands. 

«> b, c. $ § ad. sk. Admiralty Ld. ; Challenger ' Exp. (Types of 
species.) 

62. Ptilopus salomonensis. 
Ptilonopus solomonensis, G. P. Gr. Ann. § Mag. K. II. (4) v. p. 328 
(?)(1870). 

Ptilopus solomonensis, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 368 (1870); Bams. 
Pr. Linn. Soe. N. S. TV. iv. p. 74 (note) (1879); Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1883, p. 348; Sharpe, in Gould's B. New Guin. pt. xix. pi. 8 
(1885); Grant, P. Z. S. 1888; p. 199. 

Ptilopus salomonensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 196, n. 6 
(1876); Pristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 145 ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. 
pp. 50, 555 (1882); id. Mem. li. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 (Agg. 
Om. Pap. e Mol. p. 179) (1891). 

Ptilopus rivolii (part.), Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 561 ($ ); Salvad. 

P. Z. S. 1879, j). 66 ($). 
Ptilopus cera&eipeclus, Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 442 (d)j Rchmv. fy 
Schal. J. f. O. 1879, p. 424; Salvad. Ibis, 1880, p. 131; Tristr. 
Ibis, 1880*, p. 247, 1882. pp. 139, 144, n. 73; id. Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 
(1889). 

Ptilopus salomonis (errore), Salvad. Ibis, 1880, p. 131. 

8. PTILOPUS. 
141 
Ptilopus johannis, Rams, (nee Sclat.) Pr. Linn. For. 2Sr. & IV. vi. 

p. 724 (1881), vii. p. 39 (1882); Nature, vol. xxv. pp. 282, :5r>5 
(1882). 
./idttZi maZe. General plumage green; forehead rich purple-lilac, 
extending ahove the eyes and on to the lores ; scapulars with subterminal 
spots of purplish hlack; chin and throat greyish green ; 
on the chest a broad cresceotic band of bright yellow ; centre of tho 
breast and abdomen purple-lilac; sides oil the body and flank* 
green; thighs green, edged with yellow internally; lower abdomen, 
vent, and under tail-coverts rich yellow: wings green, primary 
coverts and quills blackish, externally dark grass-green, the primaries 
-washed with dull greenish grey; outer secondaries with a 
narrow fringe of yellow ; wings underneath slaty grey, tho under 
wing-coverts washed with green; tail above green, the lateral tail-
feathers grey at the base and near the end of the inner web, with a 
broad subterminal band of blackish ; tail below dark grey, with an 
apical light grey band : " bill lead-colour ; iris bright yellow ; fee 
dark cherry" (Richards). Total length 8*5 inches, wing 4-75, 
tail 2-75, bill 0-65, tarsus 0*85. 

Female. General colour green ; no purple-lilac colour on the forehead 
and on tho chest and abdomen and no cresceutic yellow baud 
on the breast; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts rich yellow; 
wings and tail as in the male : " bill black ; legs red; iris yellow'' 
( Woodford). 

Hab. Solomon Islands—San Cristoval, Guadalcanal". 

a. 
$ ad. sk. Solomon Isl., Aug. J". Brenchley, Esq. [P.], 
(Type of species.) 
b. 2 ad. sk. Solomon Is, Tweeddale Coll. 
e1 d. <$ $ ad. sk. San Cristoval, Aug. (&. E. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Richards). 


e. <$ ad. sk. Ugi. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
X. 
SPILOTEERON". m 
Type. 
Spilotreron, Salvad. Orn. Rap. e Mol iii. pp. 4, 51 
(1882) P. melanocephaluH. 
Range. From Java, Mores, and Lombock, through Celebes and 
Ceram, to the Sanghir Islands and the Philippines. 


Key to the Species. 

a. 
Smaller; wing 4'0-4-7] inches. 
a'. Black occipital spot broad; lower part of 
the abdomen yellow. 
a". 
Gular spot pale lemon-yellow. 
a'". Gular spot narrower mehnocephalm, p. 142. 

bln 

. 
Gular spot broader bangueyemis, p. 14:]. 

V. Gular spot yellow-orange melanospilus, p. 144. 
b'. 
Black occipital spot narrower; gular spot 
yellow-orange; lower abdomen deeper 
orange than in the above species chrysorrhous, p. 144. 

b. Larger; wing 5*18 to 5*34: occipital black 
spot broad; gular spot lemon-yellow; 
lower abdomen deep orange xantTiorrhous, p. 14>. 
142 
TE£EOKIDJE. 

63. Ptilopus melaaiocepharus. 
Tourterelle de Batavia, UAvibent. PI Enl. 214. 
Turvert, part., Buff. Hist Sat. Ois. ii. p. ooo (1771). 
Columba indica, Midi, (nee Linn.) 8. S. SuppL p. 13-3, n. 35 e 


(1776) ; Cass. Pr. Acad. Philad. 1864, p. 248. 
Columba nielanocephala, Forster, Zool. lad. p. 16, t. vii. (1781) 
(Java); Gm. S. S. i. p. 781, n. 54 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 

p. 610, n. 59 (1790); Bonn. Enc. Meth. i. p. 237 (1790); Temm. 
% Knip, Piy. p. 69, pi. 30 (1808-11); Temm. Pig. et Gall. i. pp. 263, 
470 (1813); Vieill. S. JD. xxvi. p. 370 (1818) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. 
xi. 1, p. 55 (1819); Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soe. xiii. p. 182 (1821); 
JDesm. Diet. Sc. Sat. xl. p. 334 (1826*); Wagl Si/st. Av. Columba, 
sp. 33 (1827); id. Jsis, 1829, p. 741; Less. Tr. $Orn. p. 471 
(1831). 
Black-capped Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 654, n. 50 (1783) 

Ptilinopus ruelanoeephalus, 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 279 (182(5); 
Less. Compl. de Biff, Ois. ill p. 26 (1837), 2nd ed. p. 276 (1838); 
Eartl St/st. Verz. Brem. p. 97 (1M4); Blyth, Cat B. Mm. 

A. 8. B. p. 230, n. 1394 (1849); Kartert,Kat Vogtlsamml Mus. 
Senkenb. p. 190 (part.) (1891). 
Ptilonopus 
melanocephalus, G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 22 
(1844); id. List B. Brit Mus. Gallinae, p. 1 (1844); id. List 
Spec. B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, p. 6 (185t>); Wall. P. Z. & 1803, 

p. 486 (Lombock, Fiores); id. It/is, Ibtio, p. 3^1 (part.). 
Jotreron melanocepbala, Bp. Consp. At. ii. p. 24 (1K54); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 878 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 54; id Coup dJadl Ordr. 
Pig. pp. 10, bo, n. 54 (1855); Salvad. Ami. Mus. Ciu. Gen. vii. 

p. 671 (1875); JEfein. <J- JRckma. Somencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 2fc0 
(1890). 
Tonotreron melanocepbala, JRcJtnb. Tauben, i. p. 100, t. 237. ff. 131819 
(1862), ii. p. 180 (Sumatra!) (1802). 
Ptilopus 
melanocephalus (part.), Sehleg. Be DierenL p. 210 
(1864); id. S. T. D. iii. p. 207 (1866); id. Mus. P.-B. Culumbie, 

p. 28 (part.) (1873); Gieb. Tkes. Dm. iii. p. 365 (part) (1877) ; 
Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 551; Sichoh. Ibis, 1881, p. 154; Sale. 
Cat. B. Strichl. Coll. p. 555 (18S2); Sclat. List Vert. An. btli ed. 
p. 
444 (1889); Vorderm. S. T. S. L xliv. p. 226 (1884), xlvi. 
p. 23 (1886); Meyer, J.f.O. 1891, p. 70; Vorderm. S. T. S. L 
li. p. 400 (1892); Elliot, Auk, 1892, p. 81. 
Iotreron melanocepbala (part.), G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 22V), 
n. 9141 (1870); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soe. viii. p. 83 (1872); Sousa, 
Mus. Sac. Lisb. Columk-e, p. 9 (lb73); Tweedd. Orn. Works, 
p. 183 (part.) (1881). 
Jotreron melanauclien, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 671 
(1875) (Plores); Meyer, Verli. z.-b. Ges. IVien, 1881, p. 766 
(Sumba). 

Ptilopus melanauclien, Meyer, J.f. 0.1891, p. 70 ; Elliot, Auk, 1892, 

p. 81. 
Adult male. Green; head and neck ashy; occiput and back of 
neck black; chin and throat pale lemon-yellow; Ten! and bhort 
under tail-coverts yellow, long ones carmine; primaries black on 
inner web, green on outer; firfct primary slightly scalloped and 
narrowed at tip : " edge of the eyelids light yellow; irifles of three 

8. PTILOPTJS. 
143 

colours, an outer ring light yellow, a middle one dark grey, and 
the inner one light grey ; bill green-yellow; feet vinous 'red" 
(Vorderman). Total length ahont 9 inches, wing 4-50, tail 3, bill 
0-55, tarsus 0*6. 

Female. Entirely green, with the exception of the longest feathers 
of the under tail-coverts, which are carmine like those of the male. 

Young. Similar to the female, but with the under tail-coverts 
entirely green, or with scarcely a tinge of reddish on the longer 
ones. 

Hob. Java, Mores, Sumbawa, Sumba. and Lombock. 

b. $ ad. sk. et Java. 
Baron Laugier Coll. 
tf imm. sk. 

c$ ad. sk. Java (Horsjield). India Museum [P."1. 

e. S 5 ad. sk. Java. India Museum [P.], 
c? ad. sk. Java. Sir E. JBelcher i P.,. 
5 imm. sk. Java. Gould Coll. 
<$ ad. sk. E. Java (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
$ imm. sk. W. Java. Gould Coll. 
t 
I, m. <$ ad. et Lombock. Wallace Coll. 
imm. sk. 


n. <$ ad. &k. Lombock ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
o, p. 6 2 ad. .sk. Flores. Wallace Coll. 
q. $ ad. &k. Flores (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/*. $ ad. sk. Indian Archipelago (Lydth). Purchased. 
s. J ad. «t. Indian Archipelago. LeydenMuseum [P.]. 
t. Skeleton. Java. 
Purchased. 
64. Ptilopus bangueyensis. 
Ptilopus melanocephalus, Tweedd. (nee Forster) P. Z. S. 1878, 
p. 951 (Zamboanga, Sud Mindanao), 1879, p. 73 (Basilan); Sharpe, 
P.Z.S. 1879, p. 316(Sulu); Wardl.JRams. Tweedd. Orn. Works, 
p. 659 (1881); Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 322 (Palawan); Guillem. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 269 (Sum); Everett, Ibis, 1886, p. 524 
(Island of Banguey) ,* Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 202 (Palawan) (?); 
Everett, ibid. p. 282; Blasius, Omis, 1888, p. 316 (Palawan) (?) ; 
Everett, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 225 ; id. Journ. of the Sts. Branch 11. 
As. Soc. 1889, p. 197 (partim?); Whitek Ibis, 1890, p. 56 
(Palawan); Steere, List B. fy M. Steere Exp. p. 24 (Mindanao, 
Basilan) (1890). 
Ptilopus bangueyensis, Meyer, J.f.O. 1891, p. 70 (Banguey). 
Ptilopus purpureinucha, Meyer, J.f.O. 1891, p. 71 (Basilan). 

Similar to P. melanocephalus, but the lemon-yellow gular spot 
broader. Length of the wing 4*71 inches, tail 3-14, bill 0*59, 
tarsus 0*74. 

This, the most northern form of the Spilotreron group, is very 
nearly related to the most southern one, from which it is not easily 
distinguished. The slight purple tinge of the black occipital spot, 
on which Br. Meyer relies to separate the Basilan bird, appears 
only in certain individuals, but is absent in the majority of specimens. 
As to the collar of the bird from Banguey, which is described as 

144 TRERONID-E. 

whitish grey, I do not find that it is different from that of the 
specimens from other localities. 
Hob. Philippines and Sulu Islands. 

a, $ ad. sk. Banguey. A. H. Everett, Esq. 
[0.]. 
&-/. 8 S ad. sk. Zamboanga, April (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
g~l. 8 2 ad. et Basilar*, May, June (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
J imm. sk. Everett). 

m. (S acl. sk. Sulu Is. {Burbidge). H, Yeiteh, Esq. ~P.]. 
Co. Ptilopus melanospilus. 

Plilinopus melanocephalus (part.), Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 344; id. 
Ibis, 1865, p. 381; Finsch, Sen-Gum. p. 177 (1865); Guiltem. 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 269 (part., Celebes) 556; Hartert, Kat. Vogelsamml. 
Mm. Senkmb. p. 190 (part.) (1891). 
Ptilopus melanocephalus (part.), Schley. 2V~ T. D. iii. p. 207 (1866): 
id. Mus. P.-B. pp. 28, 2i) {Celebes; (1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 365 (part.) (1877); Tr'atr. {nee Font.) Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 
CLb89). 
Iotreron melanocephalus (part), G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 226, 
sp. 9141 (lb70>; Wald. Tr. ZooL 6V/e. viii.p. 83, n. 118 (part.) 
(1872;; Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 183 (part.) (1881). 

Jotrercm melanospila, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 071 (1875) 
(Celebes); Meyer, lid*, 1870, p. 13~)*7 Bias. J.f.O. 1883, p. 138; 
Heine 4* Hchnw. Xomenvl. Mm. Hein. Orn. p. 280 (1890). 

Ptilinopits melanocephalus, v&r. celebensis, Brugg. Abh. naturw. 
Ver. Brem. v. p. 80 (1876); Salvad. Ibis, 1870, p. 385. 
Jotreron melanocephala, Lemz (nee Gm.)9 J. f. O. 1877, p. 377 

(Celebes). 
Iotreron melanospila, Salvad. Ibis, 1876, p. ?>B5. 
Ptilopus melanospiius, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 552 (Celebes); Bias. 

Zekschr. f qes. Orn. ii p. SOS (1885), iii. p. 131 (1886); Meyer, 

J.f 0.1891, p. 70; Elliot, Auk, 1802, p. 81. 
Ptilinopus celebensis, Sekneid. Cat p. 21 (1878). 
Very similar to P. melanocephalus, but chin and throat of a 
yellow-orange colour. 
Bab. Celebes and Togian Islands. 

a. $ ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
b. (£ ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
c. cS ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
d. 6 ad. sk. Togian M. (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
<?. Skeleton. Menado, N. Celebes. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 
66. Ptiloptis chrjsorrliOTis. 
Ptilonopus melanocephalus, var., Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 344. 
Ptilonopus melanocephalus (part.), Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 381; Fimchf 
Neu-Guin. p. 177 (part.) (1805). 

Ptilopus melanocephalus (part.), Schleg. N. T. D. iii. p. 207 (1866); 
id. Mm. P.-B. Columb®, p. 28 (1873) (part., Sula & Ceram); 
Itosenb. Malay. Arehip. p. 323 (1879). 

8. PTILOPUS. 
145 
Iotreron melanoceplialus (part.), G. JR. Gr. Hand-list ii. n 220 

n. 9141 (1870). ' l ' 
Iotreron melanocephala (part.), Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 83 
(1872). 
Jotreron chrysorrhoa, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 671 (Sula 
& Ceram) (1875) ; JELeim $ Rchmo. Nomencl. Mus. Hem. Om 

p. 280 (1890). 
Ptilinopus sulaensis, Brilgg. Abh. naturw. Ver. Brem v p 81 
(1876); Salvad. Ibis, 1876, p. 385. 
Ptilopus chrysorrhous, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 196, n. 9 
(1876) ; Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 553; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 63; id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 51 (1882). 
Iotreron chrysorrhoa, Salvad. Ibis, 1876, p. 385. 
Similar to P . melanoceplialus, but with the black spot on the 
occiput and nape smaller, the spot on the chin and throat yellow-
orange, as in P. melanospilus, and the vent and short under tail-
coverts of a deeper orange. 

Hah. Sula Islands and Ceram. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Sula Isl. (Wallace). H. Seebohm, Esq. 
[P.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. Sula Isl. (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll 
c. d, e. d 2 ad. sk. Sula Isl. Wallace Coll. 
/. 6 ad. sk. Sula Isl. (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
g. 2 ad. sk. Sula Isl. (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. Sula Isl. Purchased. 
67. Ptilopus xanthorrhous. 
Ptilopus melanocephalus (part.), Schleg. N. T. B. vii. p. 207 (I860) 
(Sanghir) j id. Mus. P.-B. Coluiuba*, pp. 28, 29 (1873; (Sanghir). 
Iotreron melanocephala (part.), Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 83 
(1872); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 183 (part.) (1881). 

Jotreron xanthorrhoa, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 671 
(1875) (Sanghir); id. Ibis, 1876, p. 385; Bias. J. f. O. 1883, 
pp. 120, 160, 162 ; id. Zeitschr.f. g. Orn. 1885, pp. 304, 305. 

Ptilinopus nuchalis, Brilgg. AbL naturw. Ver. Brem. v. p. 80 
(1876); Salvad. Ibis, 1876, p. 385; Bias. J.f.O. 1883, p. 160. 
Ionotreron xanthorrhoa, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p 61 

(1876); Meyer, SB, u. Abh. Ges. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 6. 
Jotreron xanthorrhoa, Salvad. Ibis, 1876, p. 385. 
Ptilopus xanthorrhous, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 553; Salvad. Orn. 

Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 52 (1882); Bias. Orm's, iv. pp. 613, 642 (1888); 
Meyer, J.f.O. 1891, p. 70. 

Similar to P. melanoceplialus, but larger; black spot on the 
occiput and nape broad; spot on chin and throat pale yellow ; vent 
and short under tail-coverts deep orange : " feet cherry-red; iricles 
vellow; bill yellow-green " {Platen). Total length 11*6 inches, 
wing 5-50 to 5-11, tail 3*74, bill 0-68 to 0*57. 

Female. "General plumage green; bill brown-black; iiides 
yellow-green; feet cherry-red " (Blasius). 
Hab. Sanghir Islands. 
VOL. xxi. L 

a, b, c. c? $ ad.
sk. 
dj e- 6 2 ad. sk.
/. <5 ad. sk.

TRER0HTD.2E. 

 Sanghir Isl. (A. B. Meyer).

 Sanghir Isl. (A. B. Meyer). 
Siao, Sanghir Isl., Oct. (JSoedt).

a. IONOTEEEOX.

 Tweeddale Coll, 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

_ 
Type. 

Jotreron, Bp. Comp. Ai\ ii. p. 24 (1854); id. Compt. 

Bend, xxxix. p. 878 (1854) P. ionogaster. 
Iotreron, Bp. Icon. Pig., Introd. p. 8 (1857). 
lonotreron, Rchb. Tauben, i. p. 99 (18(52). 

Range. Moluccas and Papuan Islands from Bouru to the Solomon 

Islands. 

Key 
to the Sjjecies* 

a. A purple-red patch either on thecrop-regijn 
or on the abdomen. 
a'. Purple-red patch on the abdomen ; under 
tail-coverts bright yellow. 
a". Smallest of all the Treronidm; wing 
8-5 inches: wings banded with yellow; 
a grey band on each side of the upper 
breastb". Larger; wing 5*25 inches : head 
entirely greyb\ Purple-red patch on the throat and crop-
region; under tail-coverts pale yellow, 
green on the inner webs, 
c". A small purple-red patch in the middle 
of crop-regiond". Ped patch on the crop broad, but not 
extended to the throat, which has a 
golden tinge; smaller upper wing-
coverts with grey spotse". A broad purple-red patch covering the 
throat and crop-region. 
a'v. Anterior part of the head grey. 
#4. Purple-red patch not surrounded 
by a dark purple line. 
a5. Purple-red patch darkerb5. Purple-red patch brighter......

¥. 
Purple-red patch surrounded by adark purple line&"'. Head white ; purple-red patch surrounded 
by a dark purple line

b. No purple-red patch either on the crop-
region or on the abdomen. 
c'. Very small; whig 3*5: under tail-coverts 
bright yellow
d'. Under tail-eoverts pale yellow, green on 
the inner webs. 

f. Tertmls with grey spots
g". Tertials uniform green 
nanus d*, p. 147. 

 ionogaster $ $ ; p. 148. 

pectoralis <$, p. 149. 

 Salvador ii $, p, 150. 

viridls cT $, p. 151. 
mimchenbroeki $ $, 
fp. 152. 
lewisii d $ ? p* 153. 

eugenics $ 5 , p. 158. 

nanus $ t p. 147. 

 pectoralis 2, p. 149. 
musschenbroeki 9., 

[p. 152. 
8 . PTILOFUS. 
147 
68. Ptilopus nanus. S 
Columba naina (en-ore pro nana), Temm. PL Col. 5(ji (livr. 95, 
1835); Knip § Prev. Picf. ii. pi. 59 (1838-43). * 
Ptilinopus nanus, Less. Compl. de Buff. viii. Ois. p. 30 (1837): id. 
2nd ed. p. 277 (1838). 
Columba nana, Temm. PL Col. I Tahl. Mtth. p. 80 (1840); MUIL 
Verh. Land-en Volkenk. p. 22 (1839-44). 
Ptilonopus naina, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. p. 467, n. 12 (1844); 
Sclat. Journ. Pr. Litm. Soc. ii. p. 167, n. 135 (1858). 

Ptilopus nanus, 
Bp. in litt. (Consp. Av. ii. p. 25) (1854); Schley. 
Dierent. %. p. 210 (1864) ; id. Mus. P.-B. Oolumbae, p. 21 (1873) ; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 196, n. 7 (1876); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. iii. p. 366 (1877); DAlb. Si/dn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. pp. 18, 19, 20 (1877); Mliot, P. Z. S. 1878, 

p. 550; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 63; Rosenb. Malay. Archip. 
pp. 896, 561 (1879) j IPAlb. $ Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. 
p. 115 (1879) ; DAlb. Nuova Guinea, pp. 310, 503. 588 (1880); 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 53 (1882); Nehrh. J.f.O. 1885, 
p. 34; Salvad. Mem. R. Ae. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 (Ago. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. p. 179) (1891). 
Jotreron nana, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 25 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 

xxxix. p. 878 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 57; id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pig. 
pp. 10, 54, n. 57 (1855). 
Ptilonopus nainus, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195; id. Cat. B. New 
Guin. p. 60 (1859). 
Ptilonopus nanus, G. R. Gr. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 46 (1859); id. 

P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437; Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 381, n. 42; Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 177 (1805); Wall J. f. O. 1866, p. 279, n. 42; 
Gould, B. of New Guin. pt. ii. pi. 12 (1876); Salvad. Ann. Mm. 
Civ. Gen. ix. p. 43 (1876). 
Ionotreron 
nana, Rchnb. Tauben, p. 100, sp. 235, t. 239. f. 1330 
(1862). 
Iotreron nana, Rosenb. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 132, n. 219; G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p.'226, n. 9145 (1870). 
Ptilopus nana, Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv. p. 470 (1879) (S.E. 
New Guin.). 
Jotreron nanus, Heine $ Rchiw. Nomenel. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 280 
(1890) (Waigiou!). 

Adult male. General plumage bronzy green; a large band of grey 
on each side of the breast; a purple patch on the centre of the 
abdomen ; vent and under tail-coverts yellow ; thighs green, edged 
with whitish; wings green ; quills shining green, primaries darker, 
inner secondaries and posterior scapulars with a slight bluish tinge ; 
secondaries, middle and greater wing-coverts, and posterior scapulars 
edged with yellow ; tail shining green above, grey, with paler tip, 
below: "bill pale green, or grey; feet dark carmine; irides greyish 
white" (D1Albert is). Total length 5-8 inches, wing 3*5, tail 
1*75, bill 0*4, tarsus 0*5. 

Female. Similar to the male, but wants the purple abdominal 
patch, and has the bill black. 
Young. The feathers of the lower abdomen have broader yellow 
edges; "also the upper tail-coverts are edged with yellow; the 
L2 

148 
TKEROKID^. 

inner secondaries have scarcely any bluish tinge ; and there is no 
purple patch on the abdomen. 
Hal. Southern and Central Kew Guinea, Mysol, and apparently 
also Salawatti. 

a, b. $ ad. et $ Salawatti; Aug. Gould ColL 
irnin. sk. 

e. J ad. sk. Mysol. Wallace Coll. 
d, e. <$ ad. sk. Fly River, N. Guinea, Sept Salvin-Godman ColL 
{B'Albertis). 

f. cJad.sk S.E. New Guinea ^A.Goldie). Salvin-Godman Cull. 

69. Ptilopus ionogaster. 

Columba 
hyogastra, Hemic, apud Temm. PL Col. 252 /livr. 43, 
1824); Desm. Diet. Be. Nat. xl. p. 344 (1826): Btepk. Gen. Zml 

xiv. 1, p. 287 (1826). 
Columba iogastra, Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 34 (18271. 
Carpophaga hyogastra, Sell. Nat. Zibr., Pigeons, p. 119 (1835). 
Ptilonopus hypogaster (!), Bw. Class. B. ii. p. 347 (1837). 
Ptinilopus hyogaster, Less. Compl. de Buff. viii. (Ms. p. 30 ^1837|; 
id. 2nd ed."p. 277 (1838). 
Columba hyogaster (!), Temm. PL Col. TabL Metk. p. 80 (1840); 
Prev. $ Enip, Pig. ii. pi. 54 (1838-43). 
Ptilonopus hyogaster, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 400, n. 11 (1^441; 
Wall. Ibis", IBM), p. 198, 1805, p. 381, n. 35. 
Ptilinopus ionoga&ter, Beknb. Byn. Av. Columbarite, iY. 1332-33 
(1847). 
Jotreron hyogastra, Bp. Co?i$p. Av. ii. p. 23 (1854); Buttsa, 3h/$. 
Nae. Lisb. Columbas, p. 9 (1873). 
" Treron jonogaster, Rchnb." Bp. (errore) /. c. 
Jotreron hyogaster, Bp. Co?npt. Bend, xxxlx. p. 878 (1854J; id. 
Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. p. 10 (1855). 
Jotreron iogastra. Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 217^ n. 50; id. Coup 
(Tail Ordre Pig. p. 55, n. 56 (1855). 
Ionotreron ionogastia, Rthib. Tauben, i. p. 100, n. 234. t. 239.ff. 133->33 
(1862). 
Ptilonopus iogaster, G. B. Gr. P. Z.S. I860, p. 359; Fiawk, Neu~ 
Gum. p. 177 (1865); Wall. J. f. O. 1866, p. 279. 
Totreron hyogaster, G. B. Gr. Ha?id-lut, ii. p 220, n. 9144 (1870). 
Columba hypogastra, Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 83 (1872). 
Ptilopus iogaster, Bchleg. Mus. P.~B. Columba, p. 20 (lb73); Elliot, 

P. Z. B. 1878, p. 558; Bosenb. Malay. Arc/tip. p. 407 (1879) -
Tristr. Cat. ColL B. p. 44 (1889). ' 
Ptilopus hyogaster, Bosenb. Beist. naar de Geehinkb. p. 8 (I87o). 
Ptilopus ionogaster, Balvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 196 n 8 
(1876); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 365 (1877); Balmd. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol. iii. p. 54 (1882); Pleske, Bull Ac. PSfemb. xxix. p. 534 
(1884); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 575; Balvad. Mem. It. Ac. Be 
Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 179) (1891). 
Jotreron iogaster, Main, fy Bckmc. Nommel. Mm. Mem. Orn 

p. 280 (1890). 

Adult male. General plumage, neck, and occiput bronze-green head 
(except occiput) and chin grey; abdomen purple; vent and 
tinder tail-coverts bright yellow; wings green; upper scapulars 


8. PTILGPrS. 
149 
and median wing-coverts grey, tipped with green; primaries shining 
green, secondaries slightly edged with yellow; wings underneath 
lead-colour; under wing-coverts grey, tinged with green; first 
primary narrowing gradually towards the tip; tail green, with an 
interrupted apical grey bar, this not reaching the edge of the outer 
web of the lateral rectriees ; tail below dark grey, with a light 
grey apical band: u bill bluish white, tip yellow; feet lilac-purple *y 
( Wallace). Total length about 9 inches, wing 5-25, tail 3, bill 0"5b, 
tarsus 0*7-5. 

Female. Apparently like the male. 
Hah. Halmahera group and Eatchian. 


afb. Ad.sk. GHoly, Halmahera, Wallace Coll. 

c. cf ad. *4r. Gilolo { Wallace). Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. E. Gilolo. Wallace Coll, 
<"i/. 6 ad-s^« Bitchian. Wallace Coll. 
y. (S ad. sk. Batchian ( Walface). Gould Coll. 
h. Ai. tk. Batdiian. * Salvin-Godman Coll. 
7*i. Pfcilopus pectorals. 

Columba cvanovL'tjin, Lea. Voy. Cvfa Atlas, pi. 42. f. 2 (nee f. 1) 
{1**20). 
Culiuuba cyano\ irens 2* &**-l'*'!h Cbj.fZo'jL i. 2, p. 713 (lb2S); idm 

Man. d'Oni. ii. p. lOil (p.irt.j (1*>2M. 
C ilumba peetoiahs WayL 1^1% lfc:MT p. 740. 
Columba viren*, J>w*. Tr, (TOrn, p. 471 (1831 ; id. CifmpL de Buff. 

%iii. 0«. p. 20 {1*37); J>/. 2nd ml p. -277 I iKi*?). 
Columba viridisjun., Mull Verk. Land-em JVkeuk. p. 22(1839-44). 
Ptilompus virens, G. JR. Gr. (ten. B. ii. p. 407, n. 14 (1844); uK 

P. Z. S. Ifrib* p. 105; i/Z. Cut. B. Xew (tuin. p. 60 (U>59); t& 
P. Z.*S*. 1861, p. 437 j W«& Mm, 185-3, p :3ni>, n. 44 j id, J.f.O. 
IbOO, p. 27!*, xi. 44. 
Ptilonopus 
pectoral!:*, (t. JR. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 23 (1840); 
Finsch, Sen-Gum. p. 177 f lbt>5); jfcw. ^£/«. *MI«. Ctr. 6V>*. vii. 

p. 715 (18541; Salvad. ibid. p. 7b5 (1*7-3 J. 
Giiieotxeron virens, Bp. Consp. As. ii. p. 27 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 
xxxix. p. 870 (1854); id. Coup dmil Ordre Pig* p. 11 (ib55). 
Omuotreron pectoralis, Bp. Compt. lieml xl. p. 217, n. 62; id. Coup 
d'aeil Ordre Big. p. 55, n. 02 (lbo5;; Rmenh. K T. X. I. xxv. 

p. 249, n. 221 ^(1803); id. Jf O. 1804, p. 132, n. 22L 
Ptilonopus viridi^j Sehit. (nee Limt.) Journ. Pr. Linn. 8or. ii. p. 107 
B. 131 (1858); G. JR. Or. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 195; id. Cat B. JXew 
Guin. pp. 45, 00 (1859); id. P. Z. & 18151, p. 437; Fhuch, Neu~ 
GUM. p. 177 (part.) (1805). 
Ptilonopus roseipectus, Q. It. Gr. P. Z. & 1801, pp. 432, 437 ; Bchd. 
Taubenflu p. 101, n.223 (1802); JFuuck, Xeu-Gum. p. 177 (1865); 
Wall Jim, 1865, p. 381, n. 41; id. Jf O, 1860, p. 270, n. 41. 
Ionotreroa viridis, juv., JRcknb. Tauben, i. p. 00, n. 231, t. 238. £ 1325 
(1862). 
Jotreron viridis, JRomnb. (nee Linn.) N. T. N. L xxv. p. 24S, n. 217 
(1863); id. J. f. 0.1864, p, 137, n. 217. 

Ptilopus 
pectoraliR, Schley. N. T. I), iii. p. 208 (1866), iv. p. 24 
{1871); id. Mim. P-B. Columb», p. 23 (1873); Salvad. Ann. Mm. 
Civ. Gen. ix. p. 195, n. 4 (1870) j Meyert Bowl Orn. Mkc. iii. 

150 
TKEEONIDJS. 

p. 114 (1878); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 559; Salrad. P.Z. S. 1879, 
p. 64; Posenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 396, 561 (1879); Salvatl Orn. 
Pap. e MoL iii. p. 60 (1832): NekrJc. J.f.O.1885, p. 34 (Waigiou) ; 
Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 659 ; Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Se. Tor. (2/ 
xlii. p. 54 (Affff. Orn. Pap. e MoL p. 180) (1891). 
lotrerou pectoralis, G. P. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 226, n. 9139 (1870); 
Hein. $ Rchnw. Komencl. Mus. JSein. Orn. p. 280 (1890). 
Ptilopus viridis (part.), Gieb. Thes. Orn, iii. p. 369 (1877). 

Adult male. General colour bronzy green ; sinciput, lores, anterior 
part of cheeks, and chin greenish grey; a red-purple patch in 
the middle of the breast; vent and under tail-coverts yellowish 
white, the latter -with greenish stripes on the inner web; wings 
green, quills brighter with a bluish tinge; secondaries and greater 
wing-coverts with narrow pale yellow edges; the innermost 
greater wing-coverts grey, edged with green ; under surface of the 
wing lead-colour, the under wing-coverts tinged with greenish: 
first primary narrowing gradually towards the tip; tail above green 
with an apical band greyish green; tail below dark grey, with a light 
grey band at the end : " bill orange; feet red ; iris yellow?y ( Wallace). 
Total length about 8 inches, wing 4*5, tail 2'3o, bill 0*5, 
tarsus 0-62. 

Female. Differs from the male in wanting the purple-red patch 
on the breast, which is entirely green. 

Young. Like the female. 

Hab. "Western New Guinea and the adjoining islands of Waigiou. 
Gagie, Guebeh, Mysol, and Kofflao. 
The female of this species is very little different from that of 

P. mimclienbroeJci, which is somewhat smaller and seems to have 
the greyish-green tinge on the face a little darker. 
a. 
2 ad. sk. New Guinea ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
h. 
cj ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
c>,d. S 2 ad. Amberbaki, N.W. New Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
sk. Guinea, April. 

e. 
(S ad. sk Waigiou. Purchased. 
$ ad. sk. Waigiou ( Wallace). Gould Coil (One of the types 
of P. roseipevfitXj Gr.) 
(/• cS ad. sk. Gagie Is. Wallace Coll. (One of the 
types of P. roseipeetm, Gr.) 

h. 
ad. sk. Waigama, Mysol, Sept. Gould Coll. 
( Wallace). 
i-m. (S J ad. Mysol. Wallace Coll. (Types of P. 
sk. rosetpectus, Gr.) 

n. 
cS ad. sk. Mysol ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
0. c? ad. sk. Mysol. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
P-<$• ad. sk. Mysol. Tweeddale Coll. 
71. Ptilopus Salvador!! 
Ptilopus salvadorii, Pothsch. Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, iii. p. x (1892). 
Similar to P. musschenbroeJci and P. pectoralis and intermediate 
between the two; it has the red spot on the crop-region broader 
than in the latter, but more restricted than in the first and of a 

8 . PTILOPUS. 
151 

different shape, "being* cut in a straight line Mow and of a crescendo 
shape on the upper margin., above which, on the throat, 
there is a golden tinge, wanting in the two allied species ; marginal 
upper wing-coverts with grey spots: hill and feet in dry skins 
yellowish. Total length about 7*5 inches, wing 4*5, tail 2*3, bill 
O'oS, tarsus 0*75. (BotJischild Coll.) 
I have seen in the Rothschild Collection three specimens, which I 
recognized at once as belonging to an undescribed species. 
Bab. Jobi. 

72. Ptilopus viridis. 

Turtur 
viridis amboinensis, Briss. Orn. i. p. 152, n. 43, t 15. f. 2 
(1760). 
Columba viridis, Linn, S. S. L p. 283, n. 28 (1766); Gm. S. S. L 

p. 7b0, n. 23 (17*fc) j Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 609, n. 158 (1790); 
Bonn. Eac. Meth. i. p. 237 (1790); Temm. & Enip, Big. i. pi. 17 
(Mb-ll): Temm. Pig. et Gall i. p. 472 (1813); Vieill. N. I). 

xxvi. p. 380 (181*-); Stepk. Gen. Zool xi. 1, p. 65 (1819); Bern. 
Diet. tic. Sat. xl. p. 37611826); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 81 
(W27); Eyd.^Gert. Mag. de Zool 1836, pi. 76 (Bourou): iid. 
Voi/. de la Favor, v. 2, p. 00, pL 24 (1839); Temm. PL Col Tabl 
Mkh. p. 81 (1540) j Prep. ^* Knip, Pig. ii. pi. 17 (1838-43). 
La Tourterelle a <ror«re pourprtSe d'Ambuine, LfAubent. PL Enl. 142. 
Turvert (part,), Buff. Hist. Sat. Ok. ii. p. ,355 (1771). 
Columba asiatica, P. L. S. Mull. Syst. Sat. Suppl p. 133 (1776); 
Cass. Pr. Ac. Philad. 1864, p. 248. 
Green Turtle, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. 2, p. 653, n. 49 (1783). 
Ptilinopus viridis, Sio. Zool Journ. i. p. 473 (note) (1825); Steph. 
Gen. Zool xiv. 1, p. 279 (1826). 
Ptilonopus viridis G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 15 fl844); id. 
List Spec. B. Brit. Mm. Columbee, p. 6 (1856); id. P. Z. S. 1860, 

p. 360; Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 34; id. Ibis, 1865, p. 381, n. 39; 
Finsch, Seu-Gum. p. 17 (1865); Wall. X f. O. 1866, p. 279, 

n. 39; Salmd, Ann. Mu$. Civ. Gen. viii p. 383 (Bouru) (1876). 
Jotreron viridis, Bp. Consp. Ai\ ii. p. 24 (1854) ; id. Compt. Rend. 

xxxix. p. 878 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 53; id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. 
pp. 10, 55, n. 53 (1855); Lenz, J. f. O. 1877, p. 377; Bein. ty 
Bchnio. Somencl. Mm, Rein. Orn. p. 280 (1890). 
Ionotreron viridis (part.), Behnb. Tauben, p. 99, n. 231, t. 237, 
ff. 1320-21 (1862). 
lotreron viridis, G. B. Gr. Handlist, n. p. 226, n. 9138 (1870). 
Ptilopus viridis, Schleg. Be Dierent. p. 210 (1864); id. S. T. B. 

iii. p. 346 (1866); Bosenb. Beh mar de Zuidoostereil. p. 100 
(1867) ; Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columba, p. 22 (1873) ; Salmd. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gm. ix. p. 195, n. 2 (1876); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 369 
(1877); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 560; Sahad. P. Z.S. 1879, p. 64; 
Bosenb. Malay. Arehip. pp. 323, 372 (Goram) (1879); Bams. Pr. 
Linn. Soe. N. S. W. iv. p. 73 (1879); Salmd. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. 

p. 57 (1882); Bias. $ NehrJc. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 428; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (1889); Sahad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. 

(2) xlii. p. 54 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 180) (1891). 

Adult male. General plumage bronzy green; face and upper part of 
tbroat grey ; lower part of throat and upper part of breast deep red


152 
TBBK0NIDJ3. 

purple ; vent and under tail-coverts yellowish white, the latter with 
a green stripe on the inner webs ; wings green, quills deeper with a 
bluish tinge; a lilac-grey patch on the smaller wing-coverts near 
the bend of the wing; innermost greater coverts grey edged with 
yellowish green; greater wing-coverts and secondaries edged with 
yellow; wings underneath lead-colour, under wing-coverts tinged 
with greenish; first primary narrowing gradually; tail bronzy 
green and tipped with a greyish-green band, the fight tips edged 
with yellow; tail underneath dark grey, lighter at the base and 
with an apical grey band, tinged with yellow on the edges of the 
feathers : " feet pink-red ; bill yellow, base red ; orbits yellow; iris 
with inner ring yellow, outer red " ( Wallace). Total length 9 inches, 
wing 4*75, tail 2'25, bill 0*54, tarsus 0-85. 

Female. Like the male (Wallace). 
Bah. Amboyna group—Amboyna, Goram, Ceram, Monawolka, 
Harouko, Bouru. 

a. Jb. 5 
ad- sk. 
ad. sk. 
Bouru (Wallace)* 
Bouru. 
Gould Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bouru. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. 5 ad. sk. Bouru, Dec. (H. O. Fortes). Saivin-Gudman Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
g-k. <$ ad et 
Amboyna, May (II 
Amboyna. " 
Ceram. 
0. Forbes). Tweeddale Coll, 
E. Wilnm, Esq. HP.". 
Wallace Coll. 
imm. sk. 
I, m. Ad. sk.
n. Ad. sk. 
Ceram (Wallace). 
Goram. 
Gould Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
o. Imm. sk.
p. Iraim st. 
[Gagie Is.] 
L^aya-] 
Wallace Coll. 
Purchased. 

73. Ptilopus musschenbroeki 
Ptilopus musschenbroekii, Rosenh. in liti.; Schleg. X, T. D. iv. p. 23 
(1871) ; Rowley, Orn. Misc. iii. p. 113, pi. 95 (1S7&J; Meyer, 
Roiol. Orn. Misc. iii. p. 116 (1878); Saluad. Ann Mus. Civ. Gen. 
is. p. 195, m 3 (1870); id. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 59 (1882). 

Ptilopus 
viridis, stirps geelvinkiana, Schleg. X. T. I), iv. p. 23 
(1871). 
Ptilopus viridis geelvinkianus, Schleg. Mus. F.-R. Colunibse, p. 23 
(1873). 
Ptilonopus mussekehbroekii, Reccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 
(1875). 
Ptilopus geelvinkianus, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 560; Salvad. F.Z. S. 
1879, p. 65 ; Rams. Fr. Linn. Soc. X. S. TV. iv. p. 73 (1879). 
Ptilopus viridis, Rosenb. (nee Linn.) Malay. Archip. p. 561 (1879). 

Adult male. Similar to the male of P. mridis, hut smaller, with 
the face dark grey tinged with green, the purple-red colour of the 
lower throat and upper breast lighter, the grey patch on the smaller 
wing-coverts more extended, and the grey band at the end of the 
tail with no yellow edges: " bill yellow, base red ; feet red ; irides 
orange " (Beccari). Total length 8-25 to 8*75 inches, wing 4-25, 
tail 2-2 bill 0*55, tarsus 0-8. 

8. 
PTILOPITS. 153 
Female. Differs from tlie male in having no red-purple colour 

on the lower throat and upper breast, which are green, like the rest 

of the underparts ; also the grey patch on the smaller wing-coverts 

and the grey spots on the innermost greater wing-coverts are 

wanting. 

Eab. The islands of ILafoor, Miosnom, Mysori, and Pnlo-Manin 

in Geelvink Bay, and perhaps also the adjoining coast of Xew 

Guinea, near Andai and Dorey. 

a. S ad. sk. [Xew Guinea] (L, Laglaize). Tweeddale Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. Mafoor, Geelvink Bay (Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
c. 
<$ ad. &k. Mafoor, Geelvink Bay. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
74. Ptilopus lewisii 
Ptilopus 
viridis, var., Ratm* Pr. Linn, Soc. K S. W. iv. p. 73 
(1879); id. Mature, vol. xx. p. 125 (1879); Salvad. Ibis, 1880, 

p. 128; Bams. Nature, vol. xxiv. p. 239 (1881); Trisir. Ibis, 
1882, p. 144, n. 70, p. 145; Rams. ibid. p. 473. 
Ptilopus geelvinkianus, Layard {nee Sckleg.), Ik's, 1880, p. 307. 
Ptilopus eugenise J , ifaww. Jowr/i. Linn. Socn ZooL xvi. p. 131 (1881); 

Nature, vol. xxiv, p. 239 (ife81); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. 

p. 5<> (188:2). 
Ptilopus lewibii, Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. vi. p. 724(1881); id. 
Nature, vol. xxv. pp. 262, 355 (1862); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

xviii. p. 427, n. 4 (1882); id. Orn. Pap, e MoL iii. p. 556 (1882); 
Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. SB (1682); Rchmu. 8f Schal. 
J.f. 0. 1883, p. 404 : Shorpein Gould's R. New Gidn. pt. xvii. pi. 3 
(1884); Grant, P. Z. &\ 1887, p. 332, 1888, p. 199; Tristr. Cat 
Coll. R. p. 209 (1890); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. 54 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e MoL p. 180) (1891); Tristr. Ms, 1892, 
p. 298. 
Adult. Tery mnch like the male of P. mitsscTienbroeki, from 
which it differs in having the face or fore part of the head verditergrey, 
instead of dark grey tinged with green, and principally in 
having the purple-red colour of the lower throat and tipper breast 
darker and surrounded by a narrow line of dull purple: " bill 
straw-yellow ; legs dull red; iris orange " (E. L. Layard). " Total 
length 7*8 inches, wing 4*6, tail 2*3, bill 0*65, tarsus 0*5 " (Sharpe). 

Hah. Solomon Islands—Lango, Guadalcanar, Florida, Malayta, 
and Alu. 

a. Ad. sk. Solomon Ts. J. T. Cockerell, Esq. [P.]. 
b, c. <3 ad. sk Alu, Solomon Is. C. ^1. Woodford, Esq. [O.]. 
75. Ptilopus eugeniae. (Plate V.) 
Jotreron, 
sp., Rp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 658 (ex Tns. Salomonis) 
(1855). 
Iotreron eugenic, Gould, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 137; Selat. P. Z. S. 1869, 

p. 118; G. R. Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 226, n. 9140 (1870); Schleg. 
N. T. D. iv. p. 24 (1871). 
154 
TKEK0XID3J. 

Jotreron eugenise, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 834 (1856); id. Icon. 
Pig. text of pi 27. f. 1 {1857) *. 
Ptilonopus eugeniae, G. R. Gr. List Spec. B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, 

p. 6 (18515); id. Cat. B. Trap. IsL p. 39 (1859); Wall Ibis, 
1865, p. 381, n. 40; id. J.f.O. 1866, p. 272, n. 40,-Mat. P. £, A 
1869, p. 124. 
Ionotreron 
viridis, Rchnb. {nee Linn.) Tauben, ii. p. 179, n. 231 
(1862). 
Ptilopus eugenise, Gieb. Thes. Orn. Iii. p. 363 f1877); Salrad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 195, n. 5 (1876); Elliot, P. Z. S. 187b, 

p. 561; Ra?ns. Pr. Linn. Soc. X. 8. TV", iv. p. 73 (1&79), vi. 
p. 724 (1881); id. Jonrn. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 131 (1881j; 
Nature, vol. xxv. p. 355 (1882); Tristr. Ibis, 1882, pp. 139, 144, 
n. 72; Sahad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. pp. 56, 556 (lfc82) : Bams. 
Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 38 (1882); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, 
p. 348; Tristr. Cat. Coll. Birds, p. 44(1889); Sahad. Mem. 
R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e MoL p. 179) 
(1891). 
Adult male. Head pure white; crop dark purple-red, surrounded 
by a dull purple band; breast greyish green ; abdomen whitish; 
flanks green ; under tail-coverts white, edged with yellow and with 
a longitudinal dull green band on the inner web; hind neck, back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts bronze-green; wing bronze-green, the 
quills darker but brighter green ; band on the smaller wing-coverts 
and spots near the tip of the tertials and their coverts light grey ; 
tail above green, with a broad grey band tinged with green near the 
tip, beneath dark grey, with a broad pale grey band, nearly white 
at the tip : " iris red ; bill yellowish ; teet cherry-red " {Richards). 
Total length 8*64 inches, wing 4*9, tail 2-55, bill 0*55, tarsus 0*7b. 

Adult female. Like the male. 

Young. " The young on leaving the nest have the chin and forehead 
only white and the rest of the head ashy, washed with green ; 
the greater wing-coverts and the secondaries are margined on their 
outer webs with pale yellow: in other respects the plumage is like 

that of the adult." (Ramsay,) 
Hah. Solomon Islands. 
a. Ad. sk. Solomon IsL J. McGillivray, Esq. [P.], 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Ugi, Solomon Isl. Tweeddale Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk. Ugi, Solomon IsL, Sept. G. E. Richards, Esq. [CL]. 
d. $ ad. sk. Ugi, Solomon IsL, Sept. Salvin-Godman Coll. f 
(67. R. Richards). 

* The plate to the text of this species is wanting in Bonaparte's * Iconographie,' 
and seems never to have been published. 
t 
PTILOPUS, sp. 

Ptilopus eugenise, Be Vis (nee Gould), Ann. Rep. Brit New Gum. p. 62 
(1890) (Ferguson Island); id. Colon. Papers, n. 103, p. 116 (1890); id. 
Ibis, 1891, p. 140; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 53 (Agg. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 179) (1891). 

I do not know to which species the above references should be assigned. 

9 . CKRYSGEXAS. 
155 
9. CHRYSCEffAS. 
Type. 
Chryssena, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 28 (1854) C. luteovirens. 
Chrysotreron, Bp. in h'tt (ibid.). 
Chryscenas, Bp. in iitt. (ibid.). 
Chryscena, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 879 (1854). 

Range. Confined to the Fiji Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Upper tail-coverts falling short of a third of an 
inch from the tip of the tail; feathers of the neck 
and back ard also the upper wing-coverts narrow 
and loner, of a greenish golden-yellow 
colour in the adult bird ". luteovirens, p. 155. 
b. Upper tail-coverts reaching the tip of the tail; 
feathers of the neck and back, and also the 
upper wing-coverts not narrow; feathers of the 
body and also the wing-coverts with long and 
not coaieseent barbs; head of the adult "birds 
golden greenish yellow. 
a'. Inner webs of the Cfnills yellow-orange; 
general colour of the adult male bird bright 
orange , victor, p. 157. 


b'. Inner webs of the quills golden yellow; 
general colour of the adult bird green, the 
mantle with a golden tinge; under tail-coverts 
bright yellow viridis, p. 158. 


1. Chrjsoenas luteovirens. 
Colombe de Felicie, Hombr. 4'Jacq. Toy. BoleSud, pi. 12. f. 1 (1841) 

(juv.). 
Colombe jaune, Hombr. §» Jacq. ibid. pi. 12. f. 2 (1841) (ad.). 
Columba luteovirens. Hombr. <$* Jacq. Ann. Sc. Nat. (2) xvi. p. 315 

(1841) (ad.). 
Columba felicia, JSbmbr. 8? Jacq. ibid. p. 316 (1841) (juv.). 
Columba flava,a JET. % J!\ G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 33 (1844). 
CalcBnas gouldiae, Rchnb. (nee, Gr.) Syn. Ai\ ff. 14(39-70 (1847); 

Haril. Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, i. p. 134 (note). 

Ptilinopus felicise, Rchnb. Syn. AD. Columbaria^ Norit. t. 245. 
£ 2580 (1851) j HartL Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, i. p. 134; id.J.f. 0. 
1854, p. 169. 

Calloenas flava, Rchnb. Syn. Av. Novit. t. 245. f. 2594 (1851). 
Calcenas luteovirens. Bart/. Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, i. p. 134. 
Ptinilopus felicise, Jacq. %• Butcher. Voy. Bote Sud, hi. p. Il l (1853). 
Ptinilopus luteovirens, Jacq. $* Bucher. Voy. Bote Sud} ill. p. 112 


(1853). 

Omeotreron felicise, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p 27 (1854) (juv.); id. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 879 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. QS; id. Coup d'ceil 
Ordr. Big. pp. 11, 55, n. 63 (1855;. 

Chrvssena luteovirens, 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 28 (1854); Bams. Br. 
Zmn. Soe. N. S. W. I p. 74 (1876). 

156 
TREE02SID-3E. 

Chrysoena luteovirens, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 879 (1854), xl. 
p.217,n. 66 (1855); id. Coup d'aiil Ordre Pig. pp. 11, do, n. 66 (1855); 
id. Icon. Pig. pi. 31 (1857); Finsch fy Hartl. Fauna CeniralpoL 
pp. 184, 279, t. ii. f. 4 (egg) (1867); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 226, 

n. 9137 (1870); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Zisb. Colurnbse, p. 9 (1873); 
Finsch, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 733 (note); Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 436; 
Finsch, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 557; id. Journ. Mus. Godefr. Heft xii. 
p. 10(1876); Schmeltz, ibid. p. 171 (1876); F. L. Layard, Ibis, 
1876, p. 392 ; North, Pr. Linn. Soc. K. S. W. (2) ii. p. 445 (1887) 
(eggs); Hartert, Eat. Vogelsamml. Se?ick. Mus. p. 190 (1891) ; 
Mclmic. J.f. 0. 1891, p. 127; Wiglesio. Aces Polynes. p. 47 (1891). 
Ptilonopus luteovirens, &. P. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 38 (1859). 
Chrysoenas luteovirens, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 90, n. 204. t. 245. 

f. 2594, t. 263. ff. 1469-70 (1862), ii. p. 176, t. iii. f. 32 (juv.) 
(1862). 
Ptilopus luteovirens, 
Schleg. Be Bierent. p. 210 (1864) ; id. Mus. 
P.-B. Columbge, p. 41 (1873); Gieb. Thes. Om.iiL p. 3(35 (1877); 
Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 565 ; Schmeltz, Verh. Ver. Hamb. 1877 
(1879), p. 179; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 (1889). 

Adult male. Head olive-yellow; feathers of the neek, back, 
breast, and wing-coverts lanceolate and yellow, tinged with green ; 
a yellow collar not very distinct between the head and the neck ; 
feathers of the lower breast green with yellow edges; abdomen and 
under tail-coverts bright yellow ; thighs yellowish green; upper 
wing-coverts yellowish green; quills yellowish green, with the 
outer edges and the inner web yellow; under wing-coverts bright 
yellow; tail yellowish green, with the inner web of the feathers 
edged with yellow : " bill blackish, with paler tip • feet grey-black ; 
iris red" (Hombron), "yellow" {Graffe). Total length about 
8 inches, wing 4*6, tail 2*6, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*S5. 

Female. Green; feathers of the underparts edged with yellow; 

under tail-coverts dull olive-yellow, edged with yellow; quills 

brown, with narrow yellow outer edges, and with broad yellow 

edges towards the base 
of the inner webs; tail above bright green, 

underneath dull yellowish grey, the feathers brighter yellow towards 

the tip of the inner web: "iris buff; bill greenish horn; feet 

emerald-green " (E. L. Layard). 

Yowiy. Similar to the female, but with broader yellow edges to 
ihe feathers of the underparts, and with the under tail-coverts 
lighter. 

Hab. Fiji Islands—Balaou, Ovalau, Yiti Levu. 

a, b. <$ ad. et juv. st. Fiji Isl. 
Cuming Coll. 

c, d. (S ad. sk. Fiji Tsl. 
Purchased. 

etfi 9' <$ $ ad. et c? Levuka, Ovalau, July. J. Brenchley, Esq. 

*juv. sk. 
PP.]. 

h, i, h. $ ad. et <$ $ Ovalau, Oct., Nov. (F. L. Tweeddale Coll. 

juv. sk. Layard). 

I. $ 
juv. sk. Ovalau, Oct. (F. L. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Layard). 
m. <$ ad. sk. Rewa, Oct. (E. L. Layard). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. $ 2 ad. sk. Kewa, Nov.(J5". L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
9. CHRTSOSXAS. 
157 

2. Ghryscenas victor. 
Chryscena, sp., Grafe, J.f.O. 1870, p. 418. 
Chrvsoena victor, Gould, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 642; Finsch, P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 733; Layard, P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 30, 151, 437; Finsch, 

P. Z. S. 1875, p. 557 ; Layard. Ibis, 1875, p. 435; Rowl. Orn. 
Misc. i. p. 23, pi. xxxix. (1876); Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. 
Heft xii. p. 11 (1876); Kleinschmidt, ibid. p. 12 (1876); Sehmeltz, 
ibid. p. 171 (1876); Layard, Ibis, 1876, pp. 139, 151, 388, 392; 
Rains. Fr. Linn. Soe. JV*. S. IF", i. p. 74 (1876); Layard, P. Z. S. 
1877, p. 4(54; Finsch, P. Z. & 1877, p. 736; Gieb. Zeitschr. f. yes. 
Katurw. (3) ii. p. 229 (1877); Kehrk. J.f. 0. 1879, p. 407 (ejzg); 
Hartert, Eat. Vogelsamml. Bench. Mies. p. 190 (1891) j Wiglesxo. 
Aves Poly a. p. 47, n. 245 (1891). 
Chrvscena luteovirens, E. Layard (nee H.fyJ.), P. Z. S. 1875, p. 30. 

Ptifopus victor, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 369 (1877); Elliot, P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 568; Sehmeltz, Verh. Ver. Hamb. 1877 (1879), p. 180; 
Trisfr. Cat Coll. B. p. 45 (1889). 

Chryscenas 
victor, Finsch, Voy. ' Challenger,' Birds, p.61, pi. xv. 
(1881). 

Adult male. General plumage "bright orange; head and throat 
olive-yellow, paler on the throat; quills and primary-coverts dull 
brownish, yellow, with brighter yellow edges, shafts of the quills 
brown; inner web of the quills yellow-orange like the under 
wing-coverts; first primary not narrowed; tail short and nearly 
hidden by the upper tail-coverts, brownish orange, with the tips 
and outer edges of the lateral feathers orange: " iris yellow-buff; 
bill green; feet green7? {Layard). Total length 7 inches, wing 4-25, 
tail 2'Dj bill 0-5, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Head yellowish green, lighter upon the throat; entire 
plumage of body rich green ; inner webs of primaries and secondaries 
broadly margined with orange; outer webs edged with the 
same colour ; under tail-coverts orange, with the centre of the 
feathers green: bill black, tip yellow; feet black. 

Young male. Similar to the female, but yellower on the head and 
more orange on the under tail-coverts. 
Hal. Fiji Islands—Bua, Yanua Levu, Taviuni, Xgami, Lanthala. 

a, b. J S ad. sk. Bua, Fiji IsL, May (C. L. Layard). 
Gould Coll. 
c, d,e-(S ? ad. et Bua, Fiji IsL, Bee. (E. L. LayTweeddale 
Coll. 
juv. sk.
f-o . S 2 a(l-&k* et 
ard). 
Taviuni. W. A. Bailward,Esq. 
&t.
p, q. tf ad. sk.
r, s. J $ ad. sk.
t, u. 5 ad. et $
imm. sk.
v. (S ad. sk.
w. (^ad.sk.
x. <$ ad. sk.
y , z. 2 &&- et 3imm. sk. 
Taviuni (Liardet). 
Taviuni, April (E.L. Layard). 
Taviuni, April, Nov. (E. L. 
Layard). 
Taviuni, Aug. (E. L. Layard). 
Taviuni. 
Lanthala (E. L. Layard). 
Laucala, April (E. L, Layard). 
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Rev. J. "Whitmee 
[P.l 
(Challenger' Exped. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

158 TEEKONIDJE. 
a\ 2 ad. sk. N'Dreketti (E. L. Layard). Rev. J. Whitmee 
b' c'. $ ad. sk. Fiji. A." Bf Gordon, Esq. 

3. Clirysceiias viridis. 
Chryscena luteovirens (part), Layard, P. -£. & 1875, p. 30; Fimch, 
Journ. Mus. Godeffr. Heft xii. pp. 10, 1*2 (part.) (1876). 

Chryscena viridis, Layard, P. Z. & 1875, p. 1*51 (Kandavu), p. 437 ; 
id. Ibis, 1876, pp. 153, 392; Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. TV. i. p. 75 
(1876) j Schmeltz, Journ. Mus. Godeffr. Heft xii. p. 171 (1&76); 
Finsch, P. Z. S.1877, p. 736; Nehrk. X f. 0.187% p. 407; Wiglesic. 
Aves Polyn. p. 47, n. 246 (1891). 

Ptilopus layardi, Elliot, P. Z. S. Ib78, p. 567; Sclimeltz, Verh Ver. 
Hamb. 1877 (1879), p. 179 ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 44 (1889). 
Chrvsoenas viridis, Finsch, Toy. i Challenger] Birds, p. 5 pi. xri, 


(1881). 

Adult male. General plumage dark green, -with a golden gloss 
upon back, and breast; head and neck yellow with a greenish tinge; 
under tail-coverts bright yellow; thighs and vent grey ; primaries 
edged with yellow on outer webs, and, together with the secondaries, 
having nearly all the inner webs golden yellow; the first primary is 
gradually narrowed towards the tip : " bill blue-black, tip pale 
livid; legs very dark crimson; iris yellowish" (Layard). Total 
length 7 inches, wing 4*5, tail 2-3, bill 0*10, tarsus 0*10. 

Female. Green, with no golden gloss; under tail-coverts pale 
yellow; vent and lower abdomen grey, a feature which readily 
distinguishes the female of this species from that of the other two 
allied species. 

Hab. Kandavu, Fiji Islands. 

a~-d. $ ad. sk. Kandavu, Fiji Isl. i Challenger 7 Exped. 
e,f, y. S 2 a^-sk« Kandavu, Sept. (E. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
h, i. Ad. et imrn. Kandavu. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 

sk. 

10. DREPANOPTILA. Tjpe> 
Drepanoptila, Bp. Compt. Rend. xii. p. 658 (1855) ... . D. holosericea. 
Drepanoptera {errore ?), Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 948 
(1850) D. holosericea. 
Calyptomensenas, Vetr. fy Des Murs, Rev, et Mag. de 
ZooL 1862, p. 135 D. holosericea. 
Calyptomoenas, Verr. fy Des Murs, I. c. pi. 8. 

Range. Confined to JSTew Caledonia, with the Isle of Pines. 

1. Drepanoptila holosericea. 
Columba holosericea, 
Temm. <§• Knip, Pig. i. p. 73, pi. 32 (1808-11); 
Temm. Hist. Nat. Pig. pp. 2(J9, 471 (1813); VieitL N. D. xxvi. 

p. 309 (1818); Steph. Gen. ZooL xi. 1, p. 60 (1819); VieilL Enc. 
Meth. i. p. 380 (1823); Desm. Diet. Hist Nat. xl. p. 335 (1826); 
10 . DBEPANOPT1LA.. 
159 

Waal Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 25 (1827); less. Compl de Buff., Ois. 

viii. p. 40 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 280 (1838). 
Ptilonopus holosericeus, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 19 (1844); 
id. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, p. 8 (1856) (Isle of Pines); id. 

P. Z. S. 1859, p. 165 j id. Cat. B, Trop, 1st. p. 39 (1859); Finsch, 
P. Z. S.1874, p. 94. 
Ptilinopus holosericeus, Bchnh. Novit. Syn. Av. Oolumbariae,fig. 3365 
(1851); id. 8yst. Av, p.xxvi (1852) ; Finschfy Hartl Orn. Central-
pol. p. 131 (1862). 

Lamprotreron holosericea, Bp. Consp.Av.il. p. 18 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 876 (1854), xl. p. 216, n. 38 (1855); id. Coup 
cPceil Ordr. Pig. j)j). 8, 54, n. 38 (1855); Verr. § Des Murs, Rev. 
et Mag. de Zool. 1862, p. 135 ; Jouan, Mem. Soc. 8c. Ned. Cherb. 

ix. p. 230 (1863). ^ 
Drepanoptila holosericea, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 668 (1855), xliii. 
p. 834 (1856); Bchnh. Tauben, i. p. 98, t. 236 B. f. 3365 (1862), ii. 
p. 179 (1862); G.B. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 227, n. 9156 (1870) ; 
Marie, Act. Soc. Linn. Bord. xxvii. p. 328 (1870); id. Ibis, 1877, 
p. 362; Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 513, f. 6 (wing) ; E. L. Bayard, 
Ibis, 1880, p. 339 (gizzard), 1881, p. 172 (nest and eggs), 1882, 
pp. 527, 544; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 45 (1889); Wiglesw. Aves 
Pohjnes. p. 47 (1891). 
Drepanoptera holosericea, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 948 (1856). 
Trygon holosericeus, Rchb.(erro7*e),Gray, List B.Brit. Mxts.Oolumbae, 
p.~8 {in syn. P. holoserica) (1856). 

Calyptomenamas holosericea, Verr. # Des Murs, Bev. et Mag. de 
Zool. 1862, p. 136; Soma, Mm. Nac. Lisboa, Oolumbae, p. 8 
(1873). 

Calyptomcenas holosericea, Verr. $ Des Murs, ibid. pi. 8. 
Ptiiunopus sericeus (errore), Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 179, in syn. D. 
holoserieeae (1862). 
Columba oceanica [errore), Jouan, Mim. 8oc. 8c. Nat. Cherb. ix. p. 93 
(1863). 
Ptilopus holosericeus, Schleg. Mus. P,~B. Oolumbae, p. 41 (1873); 
Giek T/ies. Orn. iii. p. 364 (1877); Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 184. 

Adult male. Green, with a slight golden tinge on the head; chin 
and gular stripe white; green of the breast separated from abdomen, 
by two bands, a yellowish white followed by a black one; 
middle of the abdomen, olive-yellow, changing into bright yellow on 
the vent and under tail-coverts; sides green ; tarsal feathers white, 
soft and long; wing with several powdered grey bands, the first 
and the second on the median and greater wing-coverts, three others 
on the very long scapulars and tertials; on the upper tail-coverts 
again two powdered grey bands ; primaries blackish, with the base 
of the outer webs powdered grey ; secondaries bright green, the 
outer ones powdered with grey; under wing-coverts grey, those on 
the edge of the wing tinged with green ; quills below grey at the 
base, darker at the tips; tail above bright green, below grey, with 
an apical lighter band : " bill dark green; feet and legs carmine ; 
the iris varies with age, but may be described as crimson " (Layard). 
Total length about 10*5 inches, wing 6, tail 3*7, bill 0*62, tarsus 1*05. 

Female. Much smaller and duller; the two bands below the 
breast, especially the light one, not very distinct; the yellow under 

160 TRERCOTDJB. 

wing-coverts are green in the middle towards the base. Total 
length about 10 inches. 
Young, Besembles the female, but has the wing-coverts edged 
with yellow. 
Hah. New Caledonia, with the Isle of Pines. 

a. Ad. sk. Isle of Pines (J. MeGillivrmj). Voyage of BQLS. 
' Rattlesnake.' 
h, c. Ad. sk. et § New Caledonia. Purchased. 
juv. sk. 
d, e. <$ ad. et juv.
sk. 
New Caledonia. Tweeddale Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Dombea, New Caledonia, Nov.
(2?. L. Layard). 
g, h. (S ad. et $ Dombea, New Caledonia, Nov. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
imm. sk. (E. L. Layard). 
t. $ ad. sk. Moindou, New Caledonia, Oct. Tweeddale Coll. 
(E. L. Layard). 
11. ALECTECEETAS. 
Type. 

Alecfercenas, G. B. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 58 (1840). A. nitidis&iina. 
Alectoroenas, Ayass. Nomenel. Zool. hid. Univ. 

p. 13(18-46). 
Columbigallus, Des Murs in Chenu, Enc. d'Hist. 
Nat, Ois. vi. p. 31 (1854) * A. nitidisaima. 
Furningus,Ztes Murs in Chenu, Enc. aV Hist. Nat., 
Ois. vi. p. 32 (1854) A. madagascariensis. 
Chlanrydaena, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. (4) i. p. 130, 

n. 1646 (1854); id. Consp. Av. ii. p. 29 (1854). 
Chlamydcena, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 879 
(1854) A. nitidissima. 
Funingus, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 29 (1854). 
Erythraena, Bp. Consp. Ao. ii. p. 30 (1854) A. pulcherrima. 
Erythrcena, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxix, p. 880 

(1854). 
Erythrotreron, Bp. (?) Compt. Rend. xxxix. 

p. 880 (1854) ( = Erythrcena). 
Ervthrolsema, Bp. (1854), fide G.B. Gr. List 
JB. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 9 (1856) ; id. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 227, gen. 2263 (1870). 

Range. Confined to the Hadagascarian subregion. 

Key to the Species.,f 

a. Tail blue, like the back; neck and breast 
grey 
a'. Crown red pulcherrima, p. 161. 

* Bonaparte (Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 834) states that Lesson established the 
genus Cohmibigatlus in 1837, but I have not been able to find where. 
t ALECTROBNAS ? BODERICANA. 

Columba rodericana, M.-R Ann. Sc. Sat. (5) six. art. 3, p. 16, pi. 12.ff. 1, 
la, 16, le (sternum) (1874); A. Newt P. Z. S. 1879, p. 4; Gilnth. Sc 

E. Newt. Phil. Trans, vol. 168. p. 430 (1879); Shell. Ibis, 1883, p. 258. 
11 . 
ALECTECENAS. 161 
h'. Cro-^n grey, like tlie rest of the head, 
neck, and breast sganzini, p. 162. 

b. 
Tail above red. 
a". Head light grey, nearly white, like 
the neck and breast..." niiidissima, p. 163. 
b". Head deep state-blue colour madagascariensis, p. 164. 

1. Alectrcenas pulcherrima. 
Pigeon violet a tete rouge d'Antique, Sonmr. Voy. Nouv. Guin. p. 112, 
pi. 67 (1766). 
Columba pulcherrima, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 94, 

n. 98 (1776) (ex Sonnerat). 
Red-crowned'Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 628, n. 17 (1783). 
Columba rubricapilla, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 784, n. 62 (1788); Lath. 
Ind. Orn. ii. p. 599, n. 19 (1790); Temm. § Kmp, Pig. I. pi. 20 
(1808-1811); Temm. Pig. et Gallin.i. pp. 238,464(1813); Vieill. 

N. D. xxvi. p. 369 (1818); Steph. Gen. Zool. si. 1, p. 11 (1819) ; 
JDesm. Diet Sc. Nat. xl. p. 329 (1826) ; Wagl Syst. Av. Columba, 
sp. 24 (1827); less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 470 (1831); id. Cbmpl. de Buff., 
Ois. viil p. 94 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 295 (1838). 
Columba rubrocapillata, Bonn. Enc. Meth. i. p. 234, pi. 77. f. 4 
(1790). 

Ptilinopus pulcherrimus, G. R. Or. List B. Brit. Mus. Gallinae, p. 1 
(1844); id. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n, 23 (1844); id. List B. Brit. Mus. 
Columbm, p. 9 (1856). 

Carpophasra rubricapilla Rchnb. Tauhen. Nomtise, n. vi. p 1, t. 2305. 

i:m\\oct. i85i). F 
Janthosnas rubricapilla, Rchnb. Syst. Av. p. xxv (1852). 
Ptiiopus rubricapillus, LicJit. Nomencl p. 82 (Bengal!) (1854). 
ErvtErsena pulcherrima, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 30 (1854); Rchnb. 

Taitben, i. p. 131 (1862). 
Ervthroena pulcherrima, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxxx. p. 880 (1854), xl. 

p. 217, n. 70 (1855) ; id. Coup cCodl Ordr. Pig. pp. 12, 6^ n. 70 
(1855); Kartl J.f.O.1860, p. 112; id. Orn. Beitr. Faun. Madag. 
p. 65 (1861); Pollen, N. T. D. i. p. 318 (1863); E. Newt. Ibis, 
1867, pp. 337, 345, 356, 359, 360 ; Oust. Bull. Soc. Pkilom. (7) i. 
p. 101 (1877). 
FAleetroenas nitidissima, E. Newt (nee Scop.) Ibisf 1862, p. 196 
(Seychelles); Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 186 (1862). 
Ptiiopus 
pulcherrimus, Schleg. De Juierenf. p. 211 (1864); id. Mus. 
P.-B. ColuinbaB, p. 44 (1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 367 (1877). 

? Turtur pieturatus, M.-E. Ann. Sc. Nat (5) xix. art. 3, p. 14 (1874); 
Gunth. $ E. Newt. PhL Tram. vol. 168, p. 430 (1879). 

Known from a single sternum described by Prof. Milne-Edwards and from 
limb-bones described by Dr. Giinther and Sir E. Hewton. The "sternum is 
BO different from that of other members of this family (as far as they are 
known), that we cannot refer it at present to any particular genus" (Gunfher 
and E. Newton). 

It was a native of Rodriguez, and Oapt. Shelley says that it probably be


longed to the genus Alectmnas. 
a. Several bones to which the observationsof Br. G-ixnther and E. Newton refer{I. c). 
TOT.. XXI. 
Rodriguez, Transit of Venus 
Exp. 
M 

162 
TBEK0SID.3E. 

Erythroenas pulcherrima, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1835, p. 318 (living specimens) 
; E. Newt P. Z. S. 1867, p. 344; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1875, 

p. 368; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 444 (1833). 
Erythrolsema pulcherrima, G. P. Gr. Hund-lkt, ii. p. 227, n. 9163 
(1870). 
Alectroenas pulcherrima, Sartl. Yog. Madag. p. 264 (1877); Shell. 
Ibis, 1883, p. 260. 
Funingus puicherrimus, Oust. Bull Soc. PMlom. (7) ii. p. 176 (1878). 
Alectroenas pulcherrima, A. Xeict. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 4. 
Alectroenas puicherrimus, Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 (1859). 

Adult male. Black, with blue reflections, especially upon the back 
and upper wing-coverts ; feathers of the crown hairy and carmine; 
sides of the head, neck, upper back, and upper breast grey, darkest 
on the ear-coverts, the grey feathers long and acuminate; vent 
and under tail-coverts yellowish white, the latter with longitudinal 
dark green spots on the inner webs ; wings and tail black ; naked 
skin round the eyes, lores, and wattles on the sides of the forehead 
naked and red: iris red; bill dusky black, with the tip whitish ; 
feet greyish olive. Total length 9*25 inches, wing 6*15, tail 3*5, 
bill 0*7, tarsus 1. 

Female. Like the male. 

Young. Upper parts blackish green, the feathers edged with 
yellow; underparts dark grey; vent and under tail-coverts white, 
the latter black along the middle part. 
Sab. Seychelles Islands—Mahe, Silhouette, Praslin, Marianne, 

and Felicite. 
a, I, c. Ad. sk. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
d. Imm. sk.
e,f$ 
ad. et ad. sk.
g, h. Ad. sk.
i. skeleton. 
rial, of Panay.] 
Seychelles. 
Seychelles. 
Mrs. T. Bell T,]. 
Shelley Coll." 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

2. AlectroBEas sganzini. 
Columba sganzini, Yerr. MS. 
Furningus sganzini, JDes Murs, Enc. Hist Nat., Ois. vi. p. 32 (1854 ?). 
Funingus sganzini, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 29 (1854); id. Compf. Bend. 

xxxix. p. 880 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 69 (1855); id. Coup d" mil Or dr. 
Pig. pp. 12, 55, n. 69 (1855]; Sartl J. f. 0. 1860, p. 112; id. 
Beitr. Faun. Madag. p. 64 (1861); Rchnb. Taitb. ii. p. 186 (1802); 
Pollen, N. T. JO. i. p. 318 (1863); Cab. v. d. Beck. lieu. iii. p. 43 
(1869) (Great Comoro). 
Founingus (sic) sganzini, J. fy Ed. Yerr. Bev. et Mag. de ZooL 1855, 

p. 511. 
Alectroenas sganzini, Sclat. Ibis, 1804, p. 300 (Anjuan); E. Newt. 
P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 300, 302 (Anjuan); Sartl. Yog. Madag. p. 260 
(1877); Shell. P. Z. S. 1879, p. G78 (Grand Comoro and Anjuan); 
id. Ibis, 1883, p. 261; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 43 (lb89), 
Ptilopus 
sganzini, Schleg. N. T. D. i. p. 88 (1866); id. P. Z. S. 
1866, p. 424 (Mayotte); Schleg. # Poll Bech. Faun. Madag. p. 115, 
pi. 37 (1868) j Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columba, p. 43 (1873); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 368 (1877). 

11 . ALECTEGENAS. 
103 

Furningus spanzani (errore), G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 228, n. 9166 

(1870). 
Alectercenas sganzini, A. JSTewt P. Z. S. 1879, p. 4. 
Ptilopus (Funingus) sganzini, Milne-Edw. Sf Oust. Nouv. Arch, du 

Mus. (2) x. p. 277 (1884). 
Ptilonopus sganzini, Peh. fy Lor. Ann. Naturk. Hofmvs. iii. p. 47 
(1888). 

Adult nude. Deep bine-Mack; head, neck, tipper back, and upper 
breast grey, the feathers of the neck long, acuminate, and with 
narrow black shaft-lines ; quills blue-black with mealy appearance; 
under tail-coverts with green reflections : " a large bare scarlet 
patch round the eyes; iris red; bill dusky olive, slightly paler 
towards the tip; feet olive-grey" (Shelley). Total length 10*5 
inches, wing 6*7, tail 4*1, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*9. 

Adult female. Like the male, only a little duller and with the 
under tail-coverts more greenish (Seldegel). 

Young. The blue colour of the adult is replaced by dark olive-
green, mixed with grey on the upper part of head and hind neck ; 
the rest of the head and neck and the upper breast light grey tinged 
with greenish yellow (Schlegel). 
Bah. Comoro Islands—Mayotte, Anjuan, and Great Comoro. 

a. (S ad. sk. Isl. of Mayotte (Pollen c$*
Van Bam). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. 5 acl. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
//, h. Ad. sk. 
Anjuan. 
Anjuan. 
Anjuan. 
Anjuan. 
Anjuan (Kirk). 
Great Comoro (Kirk). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. Great Comoro. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3. Alectroenas nitidissima. 
Pigeon hollandais; 8onn. Voy. Ind. Orient, p. 175, pi. 101 (1782) 

(Mauritius). 
Hackled Pigeon, Lath. Sgn. ii. 2, p. 641, n. 36 (1783). ^ 
Oolumba nitidissima, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 93, n. 89 

(1786) (ex Sonnerat); Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 834 (1856). 
Oolumba frauds, Gm. 8. N. i. 2, p. 779, n. 51 (1788) (ex Sonnerat); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. ii, p. 604, n. 42 (1790); Team. % Knip, Pig. i. 

p. 50, pi. 19 (1808-11) ,* Temm. Hist. Nat. Pig. et Gdlin. i. 
pp. 228, 463 (1813); Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 354 (1818); Steph. 
Gm. Zool. xi. 1, p. 2 (1819); Desm. Diet. Hist. Nat. xl. p. 328 
(1826); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 470 (1831); id. Compl. de Puff,, Ois. 
viii. p. 9 (1837), 2nd ed. p. 295 (1838); Simdev. K. Sv. Vet.-AL 
Handl. 1857, p. 53, n. 267; Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 263 (1867). 
Oolumba batavica, Bonn. Knc. Mith. i. p. 233 (1790). 
Eamier h&issS, Levaill. Ois. oVAfr. vi. p. 74, pi. 267 (1808). 
Oolumba jubata, Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 22 (1827). 
Alectroenas nitidissima, G. P. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 58 (1840); Bp. 

Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 880 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 67 (1855); id. 
Coup d'oeil Ordr. Pig. pp. 12, 55, n. 67 (1855); Hartl J. f. O. 
I860, p. 112 5 id. Beitr. Faun. Madag. p. 65 (1861); E. Newt. 

M2 

164 TRERONIDiE. 

Ibi$,mi, p. 277; Rchib. Tattben, i.p. 123, t 234. f. 1302 (1862); 
Pollen, N. T.D. I p. 318 (1863); Hartl Tog. Madag. p. 2C3 
(1877); Shell. Ibis, 1883, p. 262. 

Alectroenas franciae, Rclmb. Syn. Av. Colunibariae,p. 2, f. 1302 (1847); 
Hartl Zeitsch-.f. Zool Zoot. u. Palaozool i. p. 158 (1848). 
Columbigallns franciee, DesMurs, Enc. cVHist Nat., Ois. vi. p. 31 

(1854?). 
Alectrsenas nitidis«ima, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 29 (1854). 
Ptilopus nitidisshnus, Schley. § Poll. Reck. Faun. Madag. p. 159 

(1868); Gieb. Tim. Orn/iil p. 366 (1877). 
Alectroenas nitidis-inms, G. R. Or. Hand-lint, ii p. 228, n. 9164 
,1870). 
Alectorcenas nitidissinia, A. Neict. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 2. 4. 

Adult. " Body and wings indigo-blue; feathers of the head and 
neck white, much elongated and narrow; the bare scarlet patch 
surrounding the eye extends on to the cheeks and across the front of 
the forehead; upper tail-coverts and tail vermilion, a large portion 
of the outer web of the tail and a great portion of the inner webs 
of the tail-feathers black: iris red ; bill dusky slate-colour, with the 
base red and the end yellow; feet slate-colour. Total length 
11-8 inches, wing 8*2, tail 5*2, bill 1." (ShdUy.) 

Of this species, which is now extinct, only three specimens 
are in existence—one in the Museum of Paris (which 1 have examined), 
a second in that of Mauritius at Port Louis, and a third in 
the Museum of Science and Art of Edinburgh. 

Hal. Mauritius. 

4. Alectrcenas madagascariensis. 
Palumbus coeruleua madagascariensis, Briss. Orn. L p. 140. pi. xiv. 
£1(1760). 

Oolumba madagascariensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 283. n. 21 (1766); Bodd. 
Tabl PL Enl. p. 2 (1783); Gm. 8. X I 2. p. 179. n. 21 (1788); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 604, n.40 (1790) ; Bonn. Tabl. Enc. Meth. i. 

p. 235 (1790); Temm. $ Knijj, Fir/, pi. 17 (1808-11) ; Temm. 
Hist. Nat. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 221, 4(53 (1813); TieilL N I). 
xxvi. p. 352 (1818); Stepli. Gen. Zool xi. 1, p. 9 (1819); Desm. 
Diet. Hist Nat. xl. p. 327 (1826); Les*. Compl. de Biff., Ois. viii. 
p. 94 (1837), 2nd ed. p. 295 (1838); Hartl. Zeitsehr. f\ Zool Zoot. 
u. Paheozool. i. p. 157 (1848); id. Ann. $ Mag. X. H (2) ii. p. 391 
(1848); Sundev. K. Sv. Vet.-Ah Handl 1857, p. 53, n. 266. 
Pigeon ramier bleu de Madagascar, I)'Anient. PI Enl 11. 
Founingo, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. p. 539 (1771). 
Madagascar Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 640, n. 35 (1783). 
Rainier Fourningo, Levaill Ois.dAfr. vi. p. 72, pi. 26*0 (1808). 
Columba phcenicura, Wuql Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 23 (1827). 
Colombe bleu, Less. Tr.d'Om. p. 470 (1831). 
Pigeon Ramier bleu f Columba ervthronura), Sganz. Not Mamm. et 

Ois. Madag. p. 39 (Mem. See. Mm. d'H. N. de Strasb. 1840). 
Carpophaga F madagascariensis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 469, n. 28 
(1844): Layard, B. 8. Afr. p. 263 (1807). 
Alectroenas madagascariensis, Rehib. Syn. Av. Columbarise, p. 2, 

f. 1301 (1847); id. Syst Av. p. xxv (1852); Hartl. Vdg. Mada*?. 
p. 262 (1877); Shell Ibis. 1883, p. 263; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 43 
(1889). 
11 . ALECTBCENAS. 
165 

Ptilonopus madagaacariensia, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849); 
id. List B. Bnt. Mus. Columbia, p. 9 (185G). 

Funingus madagascarientis, Bp. Camp. jiv. ii. p. 29 (1854); id. 
Compt. Rendus, xxxix. p. 880 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 68 (18oo) ; id. 
Coup d'mil Ordr. Pig. pp. 12, 55, n. 68 (1855); Sartl. J. f. 0. 
1860, p. Ill; id. Beitr. Faun. Madag. p. 64 (1861); Rchnb. Tauben, 
I p. 122, t. 234. f. 1301 (1862); Sclat P. Z. S. 1663, p. 164 ; 
Boch $ E. Xewt. Ibis, 18(53, p. 107; Pollen, X. T. D. i. p. 317 
(1863) ; Grandid. Bev. et Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 418; Aquarone, 
Bull. Soc. Imp. Acclim. 1809, p. 361; Skarpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 399; 
8ousa, Mus. Xac. Li*b. Culumbai, p. 9 (1873); Bartl P. Z. S.1879, 

p. 772 ; Milne-Edw. $• Grandid. Mist. Madag., Ois. p. 476, pi. cxc. 
f. 2, pis. cxeiii., cxciv. (Ibb5): Sibree, Ibis, 1891, p. 564. 
Ptilopus madagascariensis, Sckleg. De Diermt. p. zll (1864); id. 
P. Z. S. I860', p. 424; Sckleg. $ Pull. Beck. Faun. Madag., Ois. 
p. 115 (1868); Schley. 3Iu*. P.~B, Colunike, p. 43 (1873); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 305 (lb77). 
Furningus madajrascarien&is, G. B. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 228, n. 9165 
(1870). 
Alectorcenas madagascariensis, A. Xeiut. P. Z. S.1879, p. 4. 

Adult male. Indigo-blue; throat and neck slaty grey, passing 
almost into indigo-blue on the forehead, crown, nape, cheeks, and 
ear-coverts ; the slate-grey of the neck not sharply defined in front, 
but gradually passing on the crop into the colour of the breast; 
upper tail-coverts and tail dark crimson, glossed at the base of the 
upper tail-coverts with blue or with green ; tail with nearly the 
entire inner webs and the bases of all the feathers blue-blaek, also 
the outer tail-feathers almost entirely blue-blaek; tail underneath 
black with blue-green reflections; longer under tail-feathers dull 
crimson towards the apical half; hind feathers of the legs, feathers 
of the vent, and basal under tail-coverts white with brown olive-
green tips and edges : " bare skin round the eyes red; iris red, or 
yellowish green surrounded with red; bill slate-olive, yellowish 
white towards the tip; feet red, powdered wTith white between the 
scales" (Grandidier, Shelley). Total length 11 inches, wing 7, 
tail 3-8, bill 0-6, tarsus 0-85. 

Female. Like the male. 
Young. Blackish green inste id of indigo-blue (SchUgel). 
Mob. Madagascar with Xossibe Island, off the NAY. coast. 

a. Ad, sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. <$ ad. sk. 
d. e. Ad. sk. 
f. Ad. sk. 
g. <$ ad. sk. 
h. Ad. sk. 
Madagascar. 
Madagascar. 
Madagascar, Aug. 
Madagascar. 
Madagascar. 
Madagascar. 
N.E. Madagascar (Van 
Purchased, 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
Purchased. 
Shelley Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Van Dam [0.]. 
Saivin-Q-odman Coll. 
2. c^juv.sk. 
Dam). 
Arkafana, Madagascar, 
Maxch(Deans Gowan). 
Tweeddale Coll. 

166 
TEERONID^). 

12. MEGALOPEEPIA. 
Type. 
Megaloprepia, Rchnb. Av. 8yst. Nat. p. xxvi (1852) M. magnifica. 

Range. Northern Moluccas and through the Papuan Islands to 

S.E. Australia. 
Key to the Species, 

a. 
Upper wing-coverts uniform green, -with no 
yellow spots ; quills underneath uniform .. formosa, p. 166. 
b. Wing-coverts spotted with yellow; base of the 
inner web of the quills rufous-cinnamon. 
a\ Tail underneath grey. 
a". Largest; wing 9*43 to 8*64 inches magnifica, p. 167. 
b". Medium; wing about 7*47 inches assimilis, p. 10S. 
c". Smallest; wing 6*88 to 6*68 inches ... . poliura, p. 109, 

V, Tail underneath black; wing 6*68 inches .. puetta, p. 170, 

1. Megaloprepia formosa. 
Carpophaga (Megaloprepia) formosa, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 360. 
Ptilopus bernsteimi, 8chleg. X. T. B. i. p. 50, pi. 3. f. 1 ( ?} (18ft3) 
(type examined); id. Ibi% 1863, p. 120; id. Mus. P.-B. Columbae, 

p. 40 (1873); Elliot, P. Z. S.1878, p. 572; Rmmh. Maty. Archip. 
pp. 407,594(1879); Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 43 (1889). 
Carpophaga formosa, Schleg. Ibis, 18<33, p. 120. 
Ptilopus ochrogaster, Bemst. N. T. JV. I. xxvii. p. 86 (1864) ; id. 

N. T. D. ii. p. 324 (1864); Neict. ZooL Record, I (1864) p. 87 
(1865). 
Ptilonopus ochrogaster, Bemst. J.f, 0.1864, p. 408 (published after 
March 1865). 
Carpophaga bernsteini, Wall. Ibix, 1865, p. 388, n. 77; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 504 (1872) ; Rosenb. Reki. naar de Geehinkb. p. 8 
(1875). 

Ptilonopus bernsteinii, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 177 (1865); Pelz. $ 
Lor. Ann. Naiurli. Mqfmus. iii. p. 47 (1888). 

Megaloprepia bernsteinii, G. R. Gr. Hand-fist, ii. p. 231, n. 9220 
(1870); Soma, Mus. Nac. Zisk Columbia, p. 11 (1873); Salvad. 
Ana. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 788(1875). 

Megaloprepia formosa, Salcad. Ann. Mus. Cir. Gen. ix. p. 199, n. 5 
(1876); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 64 (1882); Flake, Bull. Acad. 
Petersb. xxix. p. 534 (1884); Mem. fy ReJmw. Nomenel Mm. 
Hein. Orn. p. 282 (1890); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. 

p. 55 {Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 181) (1891). 
Adult male. Head and neck greenish grey, rest of the upper parts 
bright green; breast greyish green : on the middle of the lower 
part of breast a patch of crimson; abdomen and vent oehraceous; 
under tail-coverts cinnamon-rufous; primaries with a narrow 
yellowish-white edge on the outer web ; quills and tail underneath 
grey; under wing-coverts oehraceous yellow: bill and feet leadcolour 
; tip of the bill yellow; irides brown-grey. Total length 
about 11 inches, wing 5*9, tail 5, bill 0*6, tarsus 0*76. 

12 . aCE&ALOPEEPIA. 
167 

Female. Similar to the male, but with the head and neck more 
greenish, with the abdomen darker ochraceous, and with no crimson 
spot on the breast. 

Eab. Halmahera group—Halmahera, Ternate, Batchian, and 
Obi. 
a,b. 6 2 aa*-sk* Gilolo, E. Halmahera. Wallace Coll. (Types 
et st. of species.) 
c, d. S $ ad. sk. Gilolo, E. Halmahera. Wallace Coll. 
*. S ad. sk. Gilolo {Wallace). Gould Coll. 
/ . 2 ad. sk. [Aru Is.] Tweeddale Coll. 

2. lEegaloprepia magnifica. 
Columba magnifica, 
Temm. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 125 (1821); id. 
PL Col. 163 (Iivr. 28, 1823); JDesm. Diet. Sc. Nat xl. p. 317 
(1826) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 292 (1826) ; Wagl Syst. Av. 
Columbse, sp. 2(5 (1827) ; id. Ms, 1829, p. 741 ; Less. Tr. d'0?-n. 

p. 469 (1831); Knip $ PrSv. Pig. ii. pi. 25 (1838-43). 
Carpophaga magnifica, Sell. Nat Libr., Pigeons, p. 115, pi. 6 (1835); 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 468, n. 6 (1844); Gould, B. Austr. v. 
pi. 58 (pt. xxv., 1846); Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbarise, cxli. if. 1299, 
1300 (1847;; Btyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 231 (1849); Rchnb. 
Vog. Neuholl p. 318, n. 419 (1850); Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 
Philad. 1854, p. 231; G. P. Gr. List Spec. B. Brit. Mus. Columba, 

p. 20 (1856); Pelz. Nomra Zeis., Tog. p. 107 (1865); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 586 (1872); Eartert, Kat Vogehamml. p. 189 (1891). 
Ptilonopus magnifies, Sio. Class. B. ii. p. 347 (1837). 
Ptihnopns magnifieus, Marti. Syst Verz. Brem. p. 97 (1844). 
Megaloprepia magnifica, Rchnb. Syst Av. p. xxvi (1852); Bp. Consp. 

Av. ii. p. 39 (1854); id. Compt Mend, xxxix. p. 1077 (1854), xl. 

p. 217, n. 109; id. Coup d'ceil Or dr. Pig. pp. 18, 55, n. 109 (1855^; 
Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 101, t. 233. ff. 1299-1300 (1862); Gould, 
Eandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 110 (1865); Bams. Ibis, 1866, p. 333 ; G. 
P. Gr. Eand4ist, ii. p. 231, n. 9217 (1870); Soma, Mus. Nac. 
Lisb. Columbse, p. 11 (1873); Pams. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 115; Salmi. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 427 (1878); Saltad. P. Z. S. 1879, 
pp. 67, 68; Salv. Cat. B. StricU. Coll. p. 554 (1882); Tristr. Cat 
Coll. B. p. 43 (1889) ; Eein. & Pchnw. Nomenel Mus. Rein. 
Orn. p. 282 (1890). 
Ptilopus magnifieus, Schleg. Be Dierent p. 210 (1864); id. Mtis. 
P.~B. Oolumb©, p. 38 (1873); Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 575; 
Pams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 195, n. 516 (1878). 

Ptilopus (Megaloprepia) magnifieus, 
Rams. Tab. List, p. 17, n. 530 
(1888). 

Adult male. Head and neck pale grey, slightly washed with 
greenish; all the upper surface and wings rich golden green; 
median wing-coverts with a patch of light yellow near the tip of 
the outer webs, forming an irregular oblique band across the wing; 
quills shining green; under surface of the wings brown, passing 
into cinnamon-brown at the base of the quills ; under wing-coverts 
yellow; line down the centre of the throat, middle of the breast, 
and abdomen rich deep purple; sides of the breast green; lower 

168 TRERONmaE. 

abdomen and vent gamboge-yellow; under tail-coverts grey, washed 
and edged with gamboge-yellow; tail above shining green, below 
dark grey : bill red at base, tip yellow; feet (?); iris (?), 
Total length about 16 inches, wing 9, tail 7*5, biH 0-8, tarsns 1*12. 

Female. Like the male, only smaller. 

Specimens from N". Queensland are smaller. 

Hab. Eastern Australia, from Eockingham Bay to X. S. Wales. 

a. Ad. sk Australia. Linn. Soc. Cull. (Type 
b, c. Ad. sk. et Australia. 
of species.) 
Purchased. 
sk. 
(t. Ad. sk. Australia. A. Cunningham, Esq. 
.-P.". 
e. Ad. sk. Australia. Guuld Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
g, h. Ad. sk. 
Australia. 
S.E. Australia (Cocker 
ell § Thorpe). 
H. Seebohni, Eaq. [P.\ 
Sah in-Godman Coll. ™ 
i. Ad. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
Queensland. 
Clarence River. 
W.\VestprarthyEaq.~P 1 
Tweeddale Coll. r 
1. Ad. sk. X.E. Quensland. Sydney Museum [P.]. 

3. Megaloprepia assimilis. 
Carpophaga assimilis, Gould, P. Z. S. 18-50, p. 201 (Cape York); Bp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 40 (1854); Gould, B. Auttr. Suppl. pi. 67 (pt. ii., 
1855); G.B. Gr. List Spec. B. Brit. Mus. Columbe, p. 21 (Jb56); 
Gieb. Thes. Dm. i. p. 584 (1872) ; Forbes, P. Z. S. 187b, p. 126; 
Bams. Ibis, 1887, p. 345. 

ITegaloprepiapuella (part.), Bp. Consp, Av. ii. p. 40 (1854); id. Compf, 
Bend, xxxix. p. 1077 (1854) ; id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Fig. p. IS 
(1855). 

Carpophaga puella, Cass, (nee Less.) Pr. Ac, Nat. Se. Philad. 1854, 

p. 231. 
? Megaloprepia assimilis, Bp. Compt. Rend. In. p. 217, n.— (?) (Coup 
deed Ordr. Pig, p. 55, n. — Y) (1855), xli. p. &~$ (1855), xliii. 

p. 836 (1856) ; Behib. Taub. i. p. 102, n. 239 (lbt>2), ii. p. 203, 
Nov. Taf. iv. ff. 42, 43 (1802); G. B. Gr. Eand-list, ii. p. 231, 
n. 9218 (1870); Sou*a9 Mus. Sac.Lisb. Columbse, p. 11 (1873); 
Bams. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 115; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Ca\ Gen. ix. 
p. 199 (1876); Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. K. S. W. ii. p. 195, n. 217 
(1878); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Cm. Gen. xii. p. 427 (187b); id. P. Z. 8, 
1879, p. 67, 68-, Bams. Ibis, 1882, p. 345; North, Pr. Linn. Soc. 
N. S. W. (2) ii. p. 410 (1887); id. Beser. Cat. Nests and Eggs Austr. 
B. p. 270 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 (18b9). 
Ptilopus assimilis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Coliunbaa, p. 38 (1873): Elliot, 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 574. 
Ptilinopus (Mescaloprepia) assimilis, Bams. Tab. List, p. 18. n. 530 a 
(1888). 

Similar to M. magnifica, but smaller. Total length about 
14 inches, "wing 7*5. 
Hab. Cape York Peninsula, and as far south as neighbourhood of 
Rockingham Bay. 

12 . MEGALOPEEPIA. 169 
a, b, c. Ad. sk. etJ sk. 
Cape York, North Australia, 
Oct., Nov. (J. Macgillivray). 
Voy.of H.MS.< Battlesnake/ 
(Types of 
species.) 
d. <$ ad. sk.
e,f} g. Ad. sk. 
Cape York. 
Somerset, Cape York (CocJcerellSf 
Thorpe), 
< Challenger' Exped. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Port Albany (61 Coxen). Tweeddale Coll. 

4. Megaloprepia poliuxa. 
Ptilopus puellus (part.), Schleg. 3£us.P.~B. Oolumbse, p. 40(specim. 
from Jobi) (1673) ; Bosenb. Malay. AreMp. p. 561 (part.) (1879). 

Megaloprepia assimilis, Salvad. $* D'Alb. (nee Gould) Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. yii. p. 883, n. 72 (Mount Epa) (1875); Salvad. Ann. 
Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 109, n. 33 (part.) (1876) ,* D'Alb. Sydn. Mail, 
1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. pp. 18, 20 (I'ly Biver) 
(1877); D'Alb. Xuova Gum.]). 585 (1880); Finch, Tog. d.Siidsee, 
p. 28 (Goldie and Laloki Biver) (1884). 

Carpophaga puella, Rams, (nee Less.) Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. i. p. 394 
(Port Moresby) (1876) : Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc.} ZooL xiiL 

p. 503 (Laloki River) (1877), xiv. p. 588 (1879); Mams. Pr.Liwi. 
Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 103 (1878). 
Megaloprepia poliura, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. pp. 426, 427 

(S.E. New Guinea and Jobi) (1878); Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 
iii. p. 291 (1878); Salvad. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 67; D'Alb. # Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 119 (Fly Biver) (1879); Salvad. P. Z. S. 
1879, p. 67: id. Ibis, 1879, p. 32(5; If Alb. Nuova Guin. p. 588 
(1880); Sharps Journ. Linn. Soc, ZooL xvi. p. 446 (1882); Salvad. 
0/72. Pap. e MoL iii. pp. 68, 557 (1882); Meyer, Zeitsckr. f. ges. 
Om. 1880, p. 37 (Kafu); Bams. Tab. List, note 530 a (1888) ; 
Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 43 (188$)); Meyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 422 
(Gumbu, N.E. New Guinea); Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. So. Tor. (2) 
arlii. p. 55 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 181) (1891). 
Ptilopus (Megaloprepia) poliura, Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv. 

p. 100, n. 158 (1879). 
Carpopbaga poliura, Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. 2i. S. W. viii. p. 28 (1883) 
(eg&)* 
Similar to M. magniflca and M. assimilis, but smaller than eitber, 
and with the grey under*tail-coverts washed with green : u bill and 
feet greenish; iris yellow" (LfAlbertis). Total length about 13 
inches, wing 
6*8 to 6*75. 
Hah. Jobi and Central and Eastern New Guinea. 

a. 3 
ad. sk. Ansus, Isl. of Jobi, New Guinea, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
April (A. B. Meyer). 
b. 2 
ad. sk. Central New Guinea (D'Alber- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
tis). 
c. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. 
J. Broadbent [C.]. 
d. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts., June (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll." 
e. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. Dr. Bomilly [P.I 
/. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
170 
TRERO^IDJS. 

5. Megaloprepia puella. 
Columba puella, Less. Bull. Univ. Sc. Nat. x. p. 400 (1827) (Port 
Praslin et Dorery); id. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. pt. 2, p. 711 (1828); id. 
Man. d'Om. ii. p. 172 (1828); WagLIsis, 1829, p. 742; Less. Tr. 
flOrn. p. 469 (1831); id. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 76 (1837); 
id. op. tit. 2nd ed. 290 (1838); Prev. £ Snip, Pig. ii. pi. 1 (183843); 
Miill Verh. Land- en Yolkenk. p. 22 (1839-1844). 
il Columba amaranth a, !>&?.,''#6/6. Nat. Libr., Pigeons,^. 116 (183-5). 
Carpophaga puella, G. R. Gr. List of Galling Brit. Mus. p. 5 
(1844); id. Gen. B. ii. p. 468, n. 7 (1844); id. List Spec. B. Brit. 
Mus. Colurnbse, p. 21 (1856); Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Soe. ii. 

p. 168, n. 147 (1858); G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 18Z8, p. 196, 1859, 
p. 159; id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 48, 61 (1859): id. P. Z. S. 
1861, p. 437 ; Wall. Lbi% 1865, p. 388, n. 76 ; Fin*eh, Neu-Guin. 
p. 178 (1865); Wall. J. f 0. 1866, p. 282, n. 36; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. I p. 588 (1872); Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 719; 
Eartert, Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 190 (1891). 
Megaloprepia 
puella, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 40 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1077 (part.) (1854), xl. p. 217,, n. 110; id. Coup 
dmil Ordre Pig. pp. 18, 55, n. 110 (1855); id. Compt. Rmd. 

xliii. p. 836 (1856); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 102, n. 238 (1862), ii. 
p. 203, Novit Taf. iv. f. 41 (1862); Rosenb. N. T. N. L xxv. p. 248, 
n.233 (1863); id. J.f.O. 1864, p. 133, n. 233; Gould, Handh. 
B. Austr. ii. p. Il l (1865); G. R. Gr. Hand-lkt} ii. p. 231, 
n. 9219 (1820); Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 11 (1873) ; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. yii. p. 788 (1875); ? limns. P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 115; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 199, n. 34 
(1876), x. p. 158 (1877), xii p. 427 (187b); id. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 67; If Alb. Nuova Guin. p. 532 (1880); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol. iii. p. 66 (1882); Nehrk. J.f O. 1885, p. 34 (eeri?); GuUkm. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 659; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 (1889) ; Heine 
<$• Rchmo. Nomencl. Mus. Eein. Orn. p. 282 (Ceram !) (1890); 
Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xHi. p. 55 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. 
p. 181) (1891). 
Carpophatra (Megaloprepia) puella, G. R. Gn Cat. B. Trop. Isl 
p. 42 (1859). 
Ptilopus puellus, Schleg. Mm. P.-R. Columba*, p. 38 (1873); Rose?ih. 
Malay. Archip. pp. 396, 561 (part.) (1879). 
Ptilopus puella, Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 554; Salvad. P. Z. S. 1879, 

p. 66. 
? Carpophaga 
magnifica, Beimst. (nee Temm.) Dagboeh, p. 161 
(Batanta) (1883). 

Similar to M. jooliura, but the under surface of the tail black: 
" bill greenish or yellowish; feet olive or ashy; irides red" 
(DAlbeHis). Total length about 13 inches, wing 6*75, tail 5*75, 
bill 0-75-0-7, tarsus 0*87. 

Eab. Western New Guinea and the neighbouring islands—Mysol, 
Salawatti, Batanta, Ghemien, and Waigiou. 

a. Ad. st.
b, c. Ad. sk. 
New Guinea. 
New Guinea. 
Leyden Museum. 
Gould Ooll. 
d. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Wallace Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk, Dorey. Wallace Coll. 

13 . SERRESITJS. 
q, $ ad. sk. Passim, June (^4. B. Meyer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, i. Ad. sk. Amberbaki, KW . New Guinea, Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
April. 

h. Ad. sk. [Java.] Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Waigiou (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Waigiou (Wallace), Seebohm Coll. 
n, o. 
J ad. et Waigiou. Wallace Coll. 
juv. sk. 

p. Ad. sk. Waigiou (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
q. S ad, sk. Salawatti, Jane (Hoedt). Tweeddale Coll, 
r. Ad. sk. MYSOL 
Wallace CoU. 
Subfamily III. CARPOPHAGINiE. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Fourteen tail-feathers, 
a'. Head not crested. 
a". A fleshy knob at the base of the 
bill 14. GLOBICEEAJ p. 172. 
b". No fleshy knob at the base of the 
bill. 
a"'. Feathered skin on the forehead, 
of a saddle-like shape, covering 
half the culmen . ... 13. SERRESIUS, p. 171. 

b"'. No saddle-like production on 
the forehead. 
a4. General plumage not white. 
a5. Feathers of the front neck 
and crop normal, not bifid. 15. CABPOPHAGA, p. 181. 
¥. Feathers of the neck and 
crop-region bifid 16. PH^BXORHINA, p. 226, 
hK General plumage white 17. MYRISTICTVOBA, p. 227. 
b'. Head crested 18. LOPHOLAIMUS, p. 235. 

b. Twelve tail-feathers; bill similar to that 
of Columba, or even stronger 19. HEMIPHAGA, p. 236. 
13. 
SERBESIUS. 
Type. 
Serresius, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 1110 (1855); id. Bev. 
et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 401; id. Icon. Pig. Introd. 


p. 8, and pi. xxxiii. (1857) S. galeatus. 
Range. Marquesas Islands. 
1. Serresius galeatus. 
Serresius galeatus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 1110 (1855); id. Bev. et 
Mag. de Zool 1855, p. 392, 1856, p. 401, pi. xviii.j id. Compt. 
Bend, xliii. pp. 835, 948 (1856); id. Icon. Big. pi. 33 (1857); 
Deslongchamps, Bull. Soc. Linn. Norm. iv. p. 193 (1859); Behnb. 
Tauben, I p. 121 (1862), ii. p. 186, Novit. t. vii. £ 78 (ex Bp.) 

172 
TEEEONIDiE. 

(1862); Selat. Ibis, 1877, p. 129 (Mus. Turati) j Finsch, P. Z. S. 
1877, p. 408; Satvad. Monogr. sottogen. Globicera, p. 3 (1878;; 
Tristr. Ibis, 1881, p. 249. 

Carpophaga (Serrisius) galeata, G. R. Gfr. Cat. B. Trap. Isl p. 41 
(1859). 

Serresius forsteri, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 229, n. 9186 (part.) 
(1870) (syn. emend.); Wiglmo. Aves Polynes. p. 53, n. 271 (part.) 
(1891). 

Type. Head, neck, and lower parts dark grey, darker, nearly 
slate-colour, on the upper part of the head and on the nape ; back, 
wings, and tail dark shining green ; under wing-coverts greyibh 
black; quills and tail-feathers underneath, almost black; under 
tail-coverts chestnut; feathers covering the frontal saddle whitish 
grey. Total length 20*5 inches, wing 11*5, tail 8*5, culmen 0*7, 
gape 1*8, tarsus 1*62 (2Ius. Pans). 

Hab. Marquesas Islands. 

a. $. 
Marquesas. Yerreaux Coll. 
14. 
GLOBICEEA. 
Ijpe. 
Globicera, J5p. Consp. A v. ii. p. 30 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1072 (1854) .. . s G. pacifica. 

Cf. Sahadori, Monogrctfia del sottogenere Globicera, pp. 17, Torino, 1878. 

Range. Polynesia and Papuan Islands. 

Keg to the Species. 

CL Under tail-coverts chestnut 
a'. Cere black. 
a". Tail above green; hind neck ash-colour. 
a". Front part of the neck, breast, and 
abdomen vinous pacifica, p. 173. 
b'". Keck and breast ashy, lower abdomen 
like the under tail-coverts chestnut.. oceanica, p. 176. 
b". Tail above blue-black; nape vinous ... . ?nyristicivora, p. 177. 
b\ Cere red ; tail above blue-black. 
c". Head and neck pale vinous; lower part 
of the hind neck ashy imbricera, p. 178. 
d'\ Head and neck ashy j cheeks and throat 
pale vinous rufigula, p. 179. 

b. Under tail-coverts dark green. 
e". Frontal knob very large; head and neck 
pale ash-colour aurora, p. 180. 
/" . 
Frontal knob very small; head and neck 
dark ash-colour, darker on the upper 
part of the head and hind neck wilked *, p. 181. 

* CAEPOPHAGA? FORSTERI. 
Columba globicera, var. ?, Forst. MS. unde 
Columba JR. Porsteri, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 739 {ex Forster). 
14. GLOBICERA. 
1. Globicera pacifica. 
(part., ex Ins. Tongatabou, sed non ex Ins. Otaheite); Bonn. Bnc. 
Meth. i. p. 241 (1790); BechsL Lath. Ueb. ii. p. 612, n. 24 (1794), 

iv. p. 380 (1811 J. 
Columba aenea, $&Tt.,Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 15 (1827). 
Coluniba globicera, Eeinh. Font. MS. *§* Icon, ined.; Wagl. Isis, 
1829, p. 738 (part., ex Ins. Tonga-tabu et Eaoowe, sed non ex Oulan 
et Nova Guinea); Forsi. {ed. Lickt.) Descr. An. p. 166, n. 148 
(part., Tonga-tabu et Eaoowe) (1844). 

Carpophaga 
ienea? G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 468, n. 1 (part.) (1844); 
? Marie, Act. Sac. Linn. Bord. xxvii. p. 328 (1870) (New Caledonia) 
; id. Ibis, 1877, p. 362, n. 63; Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 260, 
1880, p. 231 (Loyalty Islands), 1882, p. 528 (New Caledonia), 

p. 544; Sckal J.f 0.1887, p. 245. 
Carpophaga 
oceanica, Seib. {nee Less.) Nat. Libr,, Pigeons, p. 117, 
pi. vii. (1835) ; Feale, Un. St JSxpl Hep. p. 198 (1848) (Upolu, 
Tongatabu, and Duke of York Isl.); Macgill. Vog. Battlesn. i. 

p. 244 (1852) (Duchateau Isl) ; Hartl. Wiegm. Arch. f Naturg. 
1852, pp. 115, 134 (part, Fiji, Tonga, and Samoa Isl.); id. J.f 0. 
1854, p. 169 (nee p. 168); ? Jouan, Mem. Soc. Cherh. ix. p. 96 
(1803). 
Carpophasra globicera, 
Hartl J.f. 0.1854, p. 168 (New Caledonia) ; 
Cass. Pr. Ac. Xaf. Se. Fhilad. 1854, p. 229, n. 9; Sclat List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 443 (1883) (Samoa Isl.). 

Columba globicera, part., Forst. (ed. Licht.) Descr. An. p. 166, n. 148 (var. 
ins. Otaheitee) (1844). 
Carpophaga forsteri, 6% B. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 585 (part) (1872). 
Globicera forsteri (part.),I?p. Consp. Av. ii. p. 30 (1854); id. Compi. Bend. 

xxxix. p. 1072 (1854), ad. p. 217, n. 72 (1855); id. Coup deed Ordre Pig. 
pp. 13, 55, n. 72 (1855); id. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 835 (1856); Rchnb. 
Taitben, i. p. 120 (1862); Salvad. Monogr. sottogen. Globicera, p. 3 
(1878). 
Carpophaga (Globicera) forsteri, G. B. Gr. Cat.B. Trap. Isl. p. 40 (1859). 
Columba forsteri, Finsch cf Hartl Orn. t'entralpol. p. 146 (note) (1867). 
Serresius forsteri, part., G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 229, n. 9185 (1870); 

Wiglesw. Aves Polyn. p. 53, n. 271 (part.) (1891J. 

" Yarietas insulse Otaheitee prorsus capite et cervice nigris. Dorsum, uropygiurn, 
reiniges, et rectrices eceruleo- et viricli-nitentia. Gula, jugulum, pectus, 
abdomen, et femora fuliginosa. Orissum ferrugineum. Capistrum album. 
Cera prorsus non globosa." (Forster.) 

Although Forster's description agrees very well with Serresius galeaius from 
the Marquesas Islands, I can scarcely believe that it applies to that species, and 
that the bird from Otaheitee is the same, as supposed by Gray, and more 
recently by Mr. Wiglesworth. Forster distinctly says that his bird had the 
" cera prorsus non globosa," but he would not haye failed to describe the very 
peculiar structure at the base of the culmen of Serresncs galeatiis. In colouring 
it seems that Carpophaga ? forsteri is very much like C. wilkesi from the same 
island, and I should have thought that the two were the same species, if it were 
not for the under tail-coverts being ferruginous, as mentioned by Forster. 

174 
TBEEONID.32. 

Globicera pacifica, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 30 (1854) (part, Tongatabu 
and Wallis Isl.); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1072 (part.) (1854), 

xl. p. 217, n. 71 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 13, 55, n.71 
(1855J, xliii. p. 835 (1856); Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 120 (part.) (1662) ; 
G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 229, n. 9178 (1870) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1879, 
p. 194 (Anibrym). 
Carpophaga pacifica, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 66 
(1856) ; id. List B. Trop. Isl. p. 40 (1859) (Friendly Isl., Tonga-
tabu, Amsterdam Isl., Eaoowe or Middlebuiirg); Finsck § Bart I. 
Om. Centralpol p. 142 (part.) (1867); iid. J.f. 0. 1870, pp. 122, 
134; Grafe, J. f. 0. 1870, p. 408; Hartl. $ Finsrh, P. Z. S. 1871, 
pp. 22, 24 (Sawai), 31 (Rarotonga) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 101; 
Finsch, J.f.O. 1872, pp. 32, 48; Gieb. Tkes. Or a. i. p. 587 (syn. 
emend.) (1872); Schleg. Mub. P.-B. Culumbte, p. b7 (1873}; 
Finsch, Vog, der Palau Gruppe. p. 26 (Jim. Godeffrog, Yiii. 1875); 
Lcnjard,P.Z. S. 1875, pp. 430 (Mantro, Fiji), 438: Whitmee, 

P. Z. S. 1875, p. 495 ; id. Ibis, W5, p. 443; Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. 
X. S. W. i. p. 79 (1875); Layanl P. Z. S. W6 , pp. 41*6 <Navigator's 
Islands), 503; ? Tristr. Ibis, WO, p. 203, n. 15 (Erromanso); 
Layai'd, Ibis, 1876, p. 392, n. 66 (Ovalau, Wakai, Mokam, Yitilevu, 
Kandavu); Fin&ch, P. Z. S. Ib77, pp. 72n, 740 (New Hebrides), 
775 (Eua), 783 (Niuafou); Garrod, P.Z.S. W8, p. 104; 
Whitmee, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 274 (Ellice Inland-); !* Lat/ard, Ibis, 
1878, p. 260, n. 63 (New Caledonia), p. 276, n. 33, p.*2SO (New 
Hebrides); Salvad. Monogr. sottogen. Globicera, p. 5(W^); id. 
Ibis, 1872, pp. 326, 364; Schmeltz, Verh. Fer. Hamb. Ib77 (WO) 

p. 78; Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. iii. p. 339 {W9); Schmeltz, 
Ethn. Abth. Mus. Godeffr. 1&81, p. 224; Finsch, Vog. Chaileng., 
Birds, pp. 38, 55 (1881); Ganod, ibid. p. 154 (lbSl); Sal cad, 
Om. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 70 (1882); Pelz. $• Lorenz. Ann. Xaturh. 
Hofmus. iii. p. 47 (1888) : Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (lfcfcO) (Sew 
Hebrides, New Guinea); Wiglesic. Ares Polgnes. p. 51, n. 265 
(1891). 

Carpophaga microcera, Bp. in Utt.; Cass. Un. St. Expl. Exp., Orn. 

p. 263, pi. xxix. (1858) (Tonea-tabu, Duke of York M.) ; '? SclaL 
P. Z. S. 1862, p. 325, 1863, p. 1,1866, p. 77. 
Globicera 
microcera, ii';;. Consp. Av. ii. p. 31, n. 4 (1854) (Yaxao, 
Samoa); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 215, 217, n. 74 (lfcoo) ; id. Coup 
dad I Ordr. Pig. pp. 53, 55, n. 74 (1855): id. Icon. Pig. pi. 36 
(1857); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 120 (lb02), ii. p. 185, Xovit. Suppl 

t. vi. f. 74 (1862); G. It Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 229, n. 9180 
(1870). 
Carpophaga tarrali, Bp. in Hit. 

Globicera tarrali, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 31, n. 6 (1854) (Yanikoro); 
id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1073 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 76 (1855); 
id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 13, 55, n. 76 (1855); Bp. Icon, Pig. 
pi. 38 (1857); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 120 (1802^, ii. p. 200 (1862); 

G. R. Gr. Hand-lut, ii. p. 229, n. 9181 (1S70); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. 
ii. p. 588 (1872). 
Globicera 
sundevalli, part., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 32, n. 8 (1854) 
(Tonga-tabu, Wallis Isl.); %d. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1073 (1854), 

xl. p. 217, n. 78 (1855) (Caroline, errore); id. Coup dceil Ordr. 
Pig. pp. 14, 55, n. 78 (1855); id. Icon. Pit;, pi 40 (1857) (Caroline 
!); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 121 (1862); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 229, n. 9182 (1870). 
Carpophaga sundevalli, part., G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. 3Ius. Columbae, 
p. 18 (1856) (specim. b, c, d, Louisiade Archip.); id. P. Z. S. Ib58, 
14 . GLOBICEKA. 
175 

p. 196; id. Cat. B. Kew Guin. p. 47 (part.),p. 61 (1859); id. B. Z. S. 
1861, p. 437 (part.); Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 290 (Waigiou), 1865, 
p. 383, n. 48; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 588 (1872). 
Carpophaga (Globicera) paeifiea, G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trap. Isl p. 40 
(1859); Cab. $ Bchmo. J.f. 0. 1876, p. 325 (Vavao) ; Salvad. 
AttiB. Ac 8c. Tor. xiii. p. 322 Q878) (ITUrville Isl. or Tarawai); 
Bams. Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 292 (1878) (Teste IsL, Southeast 
Cape, &c), iv. p. 101, n. 161 (1879) (Solomon Islands). 

Carpopnasra (Globicera) microcera, G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. n. 40 
(1859)." 
Carpophaga (Globicera) ?, G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl p. 40 
(1859) (Tanna, New Hebrides]. 
Carpophaga (Globicera) tarrali, G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 40 
(1859). 
Carpophaga samoensis, A.Brehm, Fuhrer dureh den zool. Gart. 1865, 

p. 21. " 
Carpophaga frauenfeldi, Belz. Xovara Beis.} Vog. p. 106 (1865) 
(Stewart IslM type examined); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 585 (1872). 
Globicera tumida, part., G. B. Gr. Hand-Utt, ii. p. 229, n. 9176 
(1870). 
Hemiphaga frauenfeldh, G. B. Gr. Kand-list, ii. p. 231, n. 9225 
(1870). 
Carpophaga, 
sp., Salvad. Ann. JIus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 200, n. 37 
(1876) (Louisiade Mauds). 

Adult Head and hind neck light grey ; margin of the forehead 
and feathers round the base of the bill and chin whitish; front part 
of the neck, breast, and abdomen pale vinous: sides, flanks, and 
tibial feathers grey, the latter tinged with vinous; under tail-coverts 
chestnut; mantle (sharply defined from the grey of the hind neck), 
back, rump, upper tail-coverts, wings, and tail above bronze-green, 
with some blue tinge; under wing-coverts ashy; quills and tail-
feathers below brown-black: bill and knob at the base black; feet 
red. Total length 15-33 inches, wing 8-63-8-04, tail 5-20, bill 0-980-
90, tarsus 0-98. 

Hah. From the Samoa Islands on the east to "New Guinea. 

It is not quite certain that the birds found in Earotonga and 
Kew Caledonia belong to the present species. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Samoa. Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk, Samoa. R. S. J. Whitmee 
d. $ ad. sk. Samoa (Rev. G. Brown). (Challenger* Exped. 
e,f. Ad. skel.st. Savage Isl. J. Brenchley, Esq. 
g. Ad. sk.
\ i,k. c? $ ad. sk.
I, m. <$ 2 ad ' sk.
n. c? ad. sk. 
Friendly Isl. 
Tonaatabou, 
Wakaia, Fiji Isl, Dec. (B.
Z. Layard). 
Aneiteum, N. Hebrides. 
Purchased. 
iChallenger7 Exped. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
J. McGilUvrav, Esq. 
o. J juv. sk.
p, q,r. $ ad. sk.
s, t, u. $ ad. et ad.
st. 
Api, N. Hebrides, 
Louisiade Archipelago. 
Louisiade Archipelago, Jan., 
July (J. McGilliway).
[P.]. 
i Challenger' Exped. 
Sir J. Ingham [P.]. 
Voyage of H.M.S. 
i Rattlesnake/ 

176 TREB02TCD-3E. 
v, w. Ad. sk.
x. Ad. sk.
y. Ad. sk. 
Port ^Moresby (Goldie). 
[Waigfou.] 
Salvin-GodmanColl. 
Purchased. 
Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
z. Skeleton. Purchased. 

2. GrloMcera oceanica. 
Columba oceanica, Less. Voy. Coq. ZooL i. p. 432, Atlas, pi. 41 (1826) ; 
Desm. Diet. So. Nat. xl. p. 316 (1S26); Less. op. cit. i. 2, p. 708 
(1828) (Gualan) ; id. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 166 (1828); Wagl jW 
1829, p. 730; Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. -L6b (1831): KittL Kupfertaf. 

p. 2o, t. 33. f. 1 (1833;; Prm. # Knip, Pig. IL pi. 24 (1838^43): 
Kiitl. Peise, i. p. 377, ii. pp. 3% 02 (185-). 
Carpophaga 
oceanica, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 2 (1844); 
Peak, Tin. St. KvpL Exped., Birds, n. 119 (lb48j : Hart I. Wieqm. 
Arch.f. Nature/. 1852, pp. 115 (part.), 135: id. J. f. 0.1554, p. lt>8 
(nee p. 169); Cass. Pr, Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 229; Hartl 

P. Z. S. 1867, p. 830 (Pelew); Hartl. § FimeL P. JZ. 6'. 1872, 
p. 101; Seldeg. Mus. P.-B., Columba?, p. 67 (1873); Finseft, Tog. 
der Patau Gruppe, p. 26 (Mies. Godeffr. viil 1S75); id. P. Z.8. 187V, 
pp. 726, 775, 780 (PonapS); Salmd. Mo/wgr. sottogen. (rlobicwa, 
p. 8 (1878); id. Ibis, Ib797 p. 364; Nthrk.J.f.O. 1*79, p. 407 
(egg); Fimch, J. / . O. 1880, pp. 2112, 304; id. P. Z. *S. 1*80, 
p. 576 (Ruk, Centr. Carolines); id. Ibis, 1^0t pp. 220, 331, 332 
(Marshall IsL), 433 (Ponape*), 1881, pp. 1(K 113 (Kushai), 
115 (Ponape); Sehneltz, Ethn. Abt/i. 3lu«. Gvdrjfr. 1881, 
pp. 298, 330, 353; Finsch, MittL orn. Ver. Wun* 1*84, p. 125 ; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 42 (1889); Hartert, Kat. VrnjekammL 
p. 130 (1891); Wiglesw. Aves Polgnes. p. &>, n. 2i;0 HbOl). 
Globicera oceanica, Bp. Consp. Ai\ ii.p. 31 (IN"34) ; id. t'omptltend. 
xxxix. p. 1072 (1854), xl. p. '217, n. 73 (1855); id. Ctmp d*ml 
Ordr. Pig. pp. 15, 55, n. 73 (1855), xiiil p.fc&> (18-50); Itchnh, 
Tauben, i. p. 120 (svn. emend.), t. 138. ff. 1283~-h4 (18tJ2); 6?. JK 
6-V. Hand-list, ii. p. 229, n. 9179(1870). 
Carpophaga (Globicera) oceanica, G. M, Gr. Cat. B. Trap. IsL p. 41 
(1859). 
Carpophaga pacifica, part,, Hartl. $ Finsch, Orn. Centralpolyn. p. 142 
(1867) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1808, pp. 7, 118. 

Adult Head, neck, and breast grey; margin of the forehead, 
feathers round the base of the bill, and chin whitish; lower breast, 
abdomen, and under tail-coverts chestnut ; sides grey; mantle 
(sharply defined from the grey of the hind neck), back, rump, upper 
tail-coverts, wings, and tail above bronze-green; under wing-coverts 
dark grey; quills and tail below brown : bill and knob at the base 
black; feet red; iris red with a yellow outer ring. Length 15*5 
inches, wing 9*5, tail 6-25, bill 0-92, tarsus 1*25. 

Hob. Carolines and Pelew Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Pelew Islands. J. Cohen, Esq. [C.l 
b. Ad. sk. Pelew Islands (Cohen). Sal vin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Pelew Islands. Tweeddale Coll. 
14 , GLOBICERA. 

177 

3. GrloMcera myristicivora. 
Ramier cuivre' mangeur de muscade, Sormer. Voy. Nouv. Gain. p. 168 
pi. 102 (1776) (New Guinea). 
Columba myristicivora, Scop. Bel. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 94, 

n. 94 (1786) (ex Sonnerat); Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 835 (18-56). 
Columba sanea, var. j3, Gm. S. N. I 2, p. 780, n. 22 (1788) (ear Sonnerat); 
Lath. Ind. Otn. ii. p. 602, n. S3 (1790); VieUl. N. B. xxvi. 

p. 363 (part) (1818) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 21 (part.) (1819). 
Oolumba senea, var. a, Bonn. Tab!. Enc. Meth. p. 233 (1790). 
Columba senea, Quoy Sf Gaim. {nee Linn.) Toy. de F Uran., Zool. 
p. 119, pi. 29 (1824) (type from Kawak IsL examined); Less. Tr. 
d'Orn. p. 468 (part.) (1831). 
Columba senea, mas ad., Waql. Si/sf. Av. Columba, sp. 15 (1827) 
(ex Q. # G.); id. Isis, 1821), p. 738. 
Columba globicera, part., Waql. Isis, 1829, p. 738; Forst. Bescr. An. 

p. 166 (Obs. iii. p. 107, ex Sonnerat) (1844). 
Colonibe muscadivore, part., Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 81 
(1837); id. op. eit. 2nd ed. p. 291 (1838). 
Carpophaga asnea, part, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 468, n. 1 (1844). 
V Carpophaga, sp., Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 232, n. 1407 

(1849) (Islet off the coast of Waigiou). 

Globicera pacifica, part., Bp. Cmisp. Av. ii. p. 30 (1854) (types examined) 
; id. Compt Rend, xxxix. p. 1072 (1854), xl. p. 217, n, 71 
(1855); id. Coup d'ml Ordr. Fig. pp. 13, 55, n. 71 (part) (1855); 
id. Icon. Fig. pi. 35 (1857); Rckb. Tauben} i. p. 120, t. 230. f. 1285 
(bad) (18*52).^ 

Globicera mysticivora, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 31 (1854) (ex Sonnerat); 
id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1073 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 75 (1855); 
id. Coup d'mil Ordr. Fig. pp. 13, 55, n. 75 (1855); Rehnb. Tauben, 

i. p. 120, ii. p. 18% Nomt Suppt. t vii. f. 72 (ex Sonnerat) (1862;; 
RosenL N. T. N. I. xxv. p. 249, n. 222 (1863); id. J. f. O. 1864, 
p. 132, n. 222 (part.); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 229, n. "9175 (part.) 
(1870); Hein.g-Rchnw. Nomencl. Mus. BCein. Orn. p. 281 (Ceram!) 
(1890). 
Carpophaga globicera, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit Mus. Columbae, p. 18, 

P. 7, specim. ay b (1856). 
Carpophaga sundevalli, part, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, 
p. 18, n. 8 (specim. ex Waigiou) (1856) j id. Cat. B. New Guin. 
p. 47 (part.) (1859) ; id. P. Z.S. 1861, p. 437 (part., Waigiou and 
Mysol); Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 290; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 177 (1865). 
Carpophaga mvristicivora, Sclat Journ. Fr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 167, 

n. 138 (1858) (ex Sonnerat); G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 196; 
id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 47, 61 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 
(part.); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 177 (part.) (1865); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. 
p. 586 (part.) (1872); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 200, sp. 36 
(1876), x. p. 158, sp. 142 (1877) ; id. Monogr. sottogen. Globicera, 
p. 9 (1878) ; Editors, Ibis, 1879, p. 213; Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 364; 
B'Alb. Nuova Guin. p. 582 (1880); Salmd. Orn. Fap. e Mol. ii. 
pJ 4 (1882); Nehrh. J. f. O. 1885, p. 34; Ghdllem. P. Z. S. 1885, 
pp."575 (Weeda 1st), 659 ; ? Lister, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 522; Salmd. 
Mem. M. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. m (Agg. Orn. Fap. e Mol p. 181) 
(1891). 
Carpophaga pacifica, G. P. Gr. F. Z. S. 1858, p. 196; id. Cat. B. Neio 
Guin. p. 61 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437; Finsch, Neu-Guin. 

p. 177 (1865); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 587 (1872). 
Globicera sundevalli, Rosenb. (nee Bj).) N. T. N. I. xxv. p. 249, 
n. 223 (1863); id. J.f.O. 18(34, p. 132, n. 223 (ex Waigiou). 
VOL. XXI. K 
178 
TKEKOSID-E. 

Muscadivora myristieivora, Schleg. Dierent p. 210 (1864). 

Caipophaga tuinida, Wall. Ibis, lfetio, p. 382, n. 47 (Waigioii, 
Mysol, New Guinea); id. Malay. Archip. II. p. 344 (1SG9) : Schleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Columba?, p. 81 (lb78); Sal cad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

vii. p. 788, n. 131 (1875); Hosefib. Mala?/. Archip. p. 5G1 (lb79). 
Carpophaga roseinuclia, part, Sch'eq. X. T. I), ill. pp. 197, 344 (186-1). 
Globiceramvristieivora, part., G.B. Gr. Hand-list, ii.p.229,n. 9175 
(1870). 
Globicera tnnilda, part., G. P. Gr. op. tit. n. 917G (1870}. 
f Carpophaga teinmmcki, Tristr. (nee Wall.":) Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 

(\\ aigiou, New Guinea) (1&S9). 

Adult. Head, neck, and upper breast pale a<hy ; frontal edge and 
chin white; hind neck pale vinous; lower breast and abdomen 
pale vinous; under tail-coverts chestnut; back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts metallic green with some blue tinge; quills and tail 
above dark steel-blue ; quills and tail below brown; under wing-
coverts dark grey: bill and knob at the babe lead-black ; teet and 
Irides red. Length about 19 to 1&-25 inches, wing 10-25 to 9*b, 
tail 6, bill 1 to 0*9, tarsus 1*25. 

Young. No knob at the base of the bill; under tail-coverts of a 
pale chestnut, and tail above more green. 
Hah. Western New Guinea and the surrounding "Western Papuan 
Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. J. Bnile, Ebfj. [P.]. 
1. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Purchased. 
e. Ad. sk. N.W. New Guinea. Sahia-Gotlman Coll. 
d, e. 6 
$ act. sk Waigiou. Wallace Coll. (T\pps 
of Carpophaga tumida, Wall.) 

f. Ad. sk. Waigiou (Rosenberg). Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
>. 2 ad. sk. Mysol. Wallace Coll. 
h,i. 2 ad.sk. Mysol, Jan., June (Rosenberg). Tweeddale Coll. 

4. Globicera rubricera. 
Coluniba pinon 
(!), less, (nee Q. et G.) Toy. Chq. Zool L p. 342 
(1826) (NouveUe Llande). 
Carpophaga rubric-era, G. R. Gr. Mus. Brit (Bp. Consp. Av. 

ii. p. 31) (1854, November 8); G. It Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. 
Columbse, p. 18 (part., specmi. a onlv) (1856*); ? Selat P. Z. S. 
1802, p. 141 (Solomon Wand- !} ; J fall Ibis, lbt>3, p. 383, n. 49 : 
> Selat P. Z. S. 1800, pp. 119,123,124 (part.); Giek Thes. Orn. 
i. p. 588 (1872); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Coiumbie, p. bl (New 
Ireland) (1873); Sal tad. Aim. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 200, 
n. 38 (part.) (1870); Selat P. Z. S. 1877, p. 109 (part.), 1878, 
pp. 289, 671; Elliot, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 549; Sahad. Monogr. 
hottogen. Globicera, p. 13 (1878); Fin*ch* P. Z. S. 1879, p. 13; 
Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 364; Brown, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 4-31; Layard, 
Ibis, 1880, p. 300 (New Hanover); Fimdi, Ibh, 1881, pp. f>3o, 
538 (New Britain); Trhtr. Ibw, 1^2, ]L 144, n. 79; Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. Hi. pp. 79, 557 (1882); Fimek, Yog. der 
Sudsee, p. 18 (New Britain) (lfc84) ; Skarpe, in Gould*zB* Xew Gain. 

* Mr. Gray gnes the incomplete reference P.Z. S. 1853, p.. . . , which is 
certainly a mistake. 

14 . GLOBICERA. 
179 

pt. xix. pi. 7 (1835); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 (New Hanover) 
(1889) ; Sakacl Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 55 (Arm. Cm. 
Pap. e Moi p. 181) (1891). 

Globicera rubricera, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 31 (1854) (New Ireland); 
id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1073 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 77 (1855); id. 
Coup d'all Ordr. Pig. pp. 14, 56, n. 77 (1855), xll. p. 1111 (1855), 
xiiii. p. 835 (1856); id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 185G, p. 403; id. 
Icon. Pig. pi. 39 (1857); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 121 (1862); Eein. 
ty Rchuo. XomencL Mm. Hein. Or a. p. 281 (1890). 

Garpophaga lepida, Cass. Proo. Ac. Nat. 8c. Philad. 1854 (December), 

p. 230 (Northern Australia?),* Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 1111 
(1855), xliii. p. 835 (1856) ; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 403. 
Columba oceanica, Mm. Lugd. (nee Less.) fide Bp. Compt. Rend. 

xliii. p. 835 (1850). 
Carpophaga (Globicera) rubraeera, G. R. Gr. Cat, B. Trop. Isl. p. 41 
(1859). 
Carpophaga (Zenoena^) pinon, G. R Gr. (nee Q. et G.) Cat. B. 
Trop. Isl. p. 41 (1859) (New Ireland, ex Zesson). 
Museadivora rubricera, 8chleg. Dierent. fig. p. 209 (1864). 
Globicera rubraeera, part., G. R. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 229, n. 9177 

(1870). 
Carpophaga (Globicera) rubricera, Cat. $ Rchnw. J. f. O. 1876, 

p. 325, n. 83 (New Ireland, New Hanover). 
Adult. Head, throat, and breast pale vinous, merging into the 
deep chestnut colour of the abdomen, flanks, vent, and under 
tail-coverts : periophthalmic feathers, frontal edge, and chin 
whitish; lower hind neck and upper mantle pale grey; back, rump, 
upper tail-coverts, and wings splendid bronze-green, in some specimens 
greener than in others; primaries and tail-feathers deep steel-
blue, tiuged with green on the outer edges and tips; under wing-
coverts grey; quills underneath dark greyish; tail underneath 
black: bill black ; knob at the base of the bill and feet red. Total 
length about 16 inches, wing 10, tail 6, bill 1*1, tarsus 1*15. 
Hah. 3\ew Ireland, New Britain, New Hanover, and Duke of 

York Island. 
a. Ad. st.
b, c, d. Ae, f. Ad. 
ih h. 6 ?
i. Ad. sk.
d. sk.
sk. 
ad. sk. 
No locality. 
Duke of York Island (Rev.
G. Broton). 
Duke of York LJand (Rev.
G. Brozvn). 
Duke of York Island, Sept.,
Dec. (Klei?ischmidt). 
New Ireland. 
Purchased.
species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Sliarpe Coll. 
J.Cockerell, 
(Type of 
Esq.[P.]. 
5. (Hobicera rafigula. 

Carpophaga rubricera, part., G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus., Colurobae, 

p. 13, n. 6 (specim. b, San Christoval) (1856); Mat. P. Z. S.1869, 
pp. 119,123,124 (part.), 1877, p. 109 (part.). 
Globicera rubricera, part., Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 835 (1856). 
Carpophaga rufigula, 8alvad. Atti R. Ac. Sc. Tor. xiii. p. 533 

(1878); id. Monoqr. sottogen. Globicera, p. 14 (1878); id. Ibis, 
1879, pp. 326, 364; Rams. Pr. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. iv. p. 7:i 
(1879); Editors, I6&, 1880, pp. 139, 307; TWstfr. Ifos, 1880, p. 247, 

1ST 2 

180 
TEEBONIDJB. 

1882, p. 144; Salrad. Om.Pap.eMoL iii. p. 80(1882); Trisfr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 (1889) ; Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. 

p. 55 (Agg. Dm. Pop. e Mol. p. 181) ( 1891). 
Carpophaga (Globicera) riehardsi, Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 443 (Solomon 
Tsl.); Bchmo. $ Schalow, J.f. 0.1879, p. 424 ; Salvad. Ibis, 1880, 

p. 131. 
Carpopliaga (Globicera) ruflgula, Salvad. Ibis, 1880, p. 131; Hams. 
Pr. Linn. Soe. K S. W. vii. pp. 36, 668 (1S82). 
Globicera ricbardsi, Tristr. Ibis^ 1880, p. 247. 
Carpopliaga sp. inc., Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 307, 
Globicera rutigula, Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 332 (Malayta), 1888, 

p. 199 (Guadalcanal. 
Adult male. Head, neck, upper mantle, and crop-region grey; 
cheeks, ear-coverts, and throat pale vinous : chin whitish: back, 
rump, upper tail-coverts, and wings splendid bronze-green with some 
bluish tinge; breast vinous, changing into vinous chestnut on the 
abdomen and vent; under tail-coverts cinnamon ; primaries black, 
deep steel-blue on the outer webs, dull dark grey underneath; 
under wing-coverts grey; tail above deep steel-blue, edged with 
blue on the outer webs, underneath brown-black: bill black; knob 
at the base of the bill and feet probably red: " eyes dark red" 
(Brenchley). Total length about 10 inches, wing 9*5, tail 5*75, 
bill 1-3, tarsus 14 . 

Hah. Solomon Islands. 

a. S 
ad. sk. San Cristoval, Sept. J. Brenchley, I^q. [P.](
Tvpe of species.) 
b. <$ ad.sk. San Cristoval^ Dec. Yoy.'of H.M.S • Herald/ 
(J. Maegillivray). 
c. S ad.sk. San Cristo-v al, Sept. Gould Toll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Malayta. 
CM. Woodford,Esq.[C.]. 
6. Globicera aurorae. 
Carpophaga aurora?, Peak, L~??. St. JSvpL JErp. viii. p. 201, pi. 56 
(1848) (Aurora or Maitea Island, one of the Society Islands); 
Marti. Wiegm. Arch. f. Xaturg. 1852, pp. 116,134; "id. J.f.O. 
1854, p. 167; Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. PMlad. 1854, p. 230: id. 
Un. St. Expl. Exped., Ornith. p. 23 , pi. 24 (1858); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 584 (1872); Salrad, Monogr. sottagen. Globicera, p. 15 
(1878> ; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 364; Wiglesw. Aves Polyues.-p.o2,Ji. 2C8 
(1891). 

Globicera aurorse, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 32 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 

xxxix. p. 1072 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 79 (1855): id. Coup dmil 
Ordr. Piq. pp. 13, 55, n. 79 (1855), xliii. p. 835 (1850); Bchib. 
Taubtm, ii. p. 186, Novit. Suppl. t. vi. ff. 75-76 (1862); G. R. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 229, n. 0183 (1870), 
Carpophaga (Globicera) aiirorse, G. P. Gr. Cat. B. Trap. Isl p. 41 
(1859). 
? Carpophaga aurora, Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 256. 

Adult male (type). Head, neck, and underparts pale cinereous, 
nearly white at the bases of both mandibles, very dark on the 
lower abdomen and thighs; under tail-coverts dark bottle-green ; 

14 . GLOBICERA. 
181 

back, rump, and wings dark metallic green, more or less tinged with 
steel-blue; the green colour of the back sharply defined from the 
cinereous of the neck; tail deep steel-blue, tinged with green towards 
the base; under wing-coverts dark metallic green; quills and tail 
underneath brown-black: bill horn-black: " feet lake-red; irides 
bright crimson" {Peak). Total length about 17 inches, wing 10*5, 
tail 7, bill 0-93, tarsus 1*5. 

Hah. Aurora or Maitea Island, Society Group. 

7. Globicera wiltesi. 
Carpophaga wilkesii, Peak, Tin. St. Expl. Exp. p. 203, pi. 58 (1848) 
(Tahiti); HartL Wiegm. Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, pp. 116, 134; id. 

J.f. 0. 1854, p. 169 j Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 230 ; 
id. Un. St. ExpL Exp., Orn. p. 258, pi. 25 (1858); Rein1). 
Tauben, ii. p. 183, Novit Suppl. t. vi. f. 73 (1862); Salvad. Monoyr. 
sottogen. Globicera, p. 16 (1878); id. Ibis, 1879, p. 364; Wiglesio. 
Aves Polynes. p. 52, n. 267 (1891), 
Globicera forsteri, part., Bp. Camp. An. ii. p. 30 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend.xzxix. p. 1072 (1854), xl p. 217, n. 72 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Or dr. Pig. pp. 13, 5o, n. 72 (1855) ; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 120 
(part.) (1862). 

Globicera wilkesi, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 835 (1856); id. Icon. 
Pig. in the text of Serresius galeatus (1857). 
Carpophaga (Globicera) wilkesii, Q. R. Gr Cat B. Trap. 1st. p. 41 

(1859). 
Carpophaga forsteri, part., Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 585 (1872). 
Serresius forsteri, part., G. R. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 229, n. 9186 

(1870). 

Adult male (type). Head, neck, and underparts dark fuliginous, 
lightest on the throat and abdomen, darkest on the upper part of 
the head and hind neck: narrow band at the base of the bill whitish; 
back, rump, and wings above dark metallic green, more or less 
tinged with blue; tail dark steel-blue, with a green tinge towards 
the base; under wing-coverts and under tail-coverts dark bottle-
green; quills and tail underneath brown-black: "bill black; feet 
orange-brown; irides lake-red; nail sepia-brown " (Peale). Total 
length about 17 inches, wing 11, tail 6#5, bill 0*82, tarsus 1-4. 

Hah. Tahiti, Society Islands *. 

15. CARPOPHAGA. „ 
Type. 
Carpophaga, Seiby, Nat Libr., Pigeons, p. 112 (1835) ... . C. seneaf. 
Muscadivora, Sohleg. Be Bier mi. p. 209 (1864) (=Carpo


phaga). 

* This and the preceding species are only known from the types inthe 
Smithsonian Institution, and I have to thank Mr. Bidgway for having obtained 
leave from the authorities of that Institution for the specimens to be sent to me 
for identification and description. 
t Selby does not designate the type of the genus; he says that Cokimbamagnifica, 
Temm., is one of the most beautiful species. Ornithologists have agreed 
to recognize as type Q. anea, Linn., this being the oldest species known 
[cf. G. It. Gray, Gen. B. ii. p. 468; Bp. Oonsp. Av. ii. p. 32). 

182 
TBER0XID-3B. 

Cf. Cassin, UA Lht of Piqeons of the Genus Carpopliasra '* (Pr. Ac. Nat. 
8c. Philad. 1854, pp. 227-232). 

Range. From India, through the Malay Archipelago to Polynesia 
generally. 

Key to the Subgenera. 

a. 
General plumage mostly metallic on the 
upper parts. 
a'. Tail uniform. 
a". Inner primaries of normal shape ... . a. CABPGPHAGA. p. 182. 
b". Inner primaries obliquely cut at the 

tip; first primary much scooped on 
the inner web .* & PTILOCOLPA, p. 205, 


V. Tail with a grey hand either at the tip 
or about the middle y. ZGZSOPHAPS. p. 207. 
b. General plumage grey with no metallic 
colours on the upper parts. 
c'. Inner primaries broad and obliquely cut 
at the tip; tail rather long and with a 
broad light grey band at the tip 8. DUCTLA, p. 214. 


d\ Inner primaries normal. 
d". Lores naked; a narrow white band 
at the tip of the tail <?. CRYPTOPHAPS, p. 219. 

e". 
Lores feathered, but periophthalmic 
region broadly naked; general plumage 
grey, or slate-black" f. ZOXOSXAS. p. 220. 

a. CARPOPHAGA. 
Keif to the Sj>ecks. 

Tail uniform, with no light band and no che&tuut 
colour below; back and wings mostly metallic 
green, in some species with a mealy or greyish 
appearance. 
a, Xo pectoral band. 
a'. General plumage very dark; underparts 
dark grey, washed with purple whartoni, p. 184. 

V. 
Underparts light grey or vinous grey. 
a'1'. Under tail-coverts not pure chestnut, 
a"'. Under tail-coverts metallic bottle-
green ; breast deep vinous \... oenothorax, p. 184. 
V"* Under tail-coverts dull chestnut, the 
longest tinged with dull preen, grey 
colour with no vinous tinge whatever; 
back, wings, and tail very 


^ dark green \ insidam, p. 18*5. 
bh'* Under tail-coverts pure chestnut, or 
cinnamon. 
a ". Back and wings metallic green, more 
or less bluish. 

v. 
Grey colour of the head, neck, and 
underparts with no vinous colour 
whatever consobrina, p. 186. 
15 . CA.EPOPHAGA. 18 3 
b K Grey colour partly tinged or washed 
with vinaceous. 


a5. Grey colour of the hind neck 
sharply defined from the metallic-
green colour of the back; 
tail aboye deep steel-blue. 


a\ Larger, wing 12-38 to 10-22 
inches: head, neck, and underpays 
very light grey; occiput 
pale vinous continues, p. 186. 

b\ Smaller, wing 9*98 to 9-11 
inches : head and neck grey; 
. breast and abdomen vinaceous geelDinkiana, $. 188. 

b"\ Giey colour of the hind neck 
more or less gradually merging 
into the metallic green of the 
back; tail above metallic green, 
more or less blue, especially in 
Bornean and Palawan specimens 
of C. mnea, 


ce\ Nape with a coppery chestnut 
patch. 
a7. jNTape-pateh paler; upper 
parts golden green .. paidina, p. 188. 
bT. IS ape-patch darker; upper 
parts coppery golden green, pulchella, p. 189. 

c7, IN ape-patch small, and 
darker than in C. paulina\ 
head and neck very 
slightly washed with 
vinous nuchak's, p. 190. 

dB. Nape with no coppery chestnut 
patch. 


d7 

. Head, neck, and underpays 
greyish vinaceous .. cenea, p. 190. 

e7. Head, neck, and underparts 
grey, vinous colour c< mfined 
to the cheeks and throat.. rhodmolcema, p, 196. 

cV", Back and wing3 greyish or mealy 
bronze-green. 
c4. Upper part of the head grey. 
c5. Vinaceous light colour confined 
to the cheeks and throat van-wycki, p. 196. 

d5. Vinaceous greyish colour of the 
cheeks and throat covering also 
the breast. pistrinaria, p. 197. 

d4. Head pale vinaceous or rose-colour, rosacea, p. 193. 
c". Under tail-coverts not chestnut, but 
light grey or pale buff colour. 
er". Under wing-coverts and under surface 
of quills grey. 
eK Back and wings metallic golden 
green. 
e5. Head and neck brown, or slate-
CTey joerspicillata, p. 199. 
f5. Head and neck light grey neglecta, p. 2C0. 

184 
TKEEOOTDJS. 

f4. Upper parts not metallic golden 
green. 
g5. Tail above dull metallic bottle-
green pickeringi, p. 201. 
h5 

. Tail above, like the back and 

wings, dark ashy brown eineraeea* p. 202. 

/-'". Under wing-coverts and bases of the 

inner webs of the quills underneath 

cinnamon 
latrans, p. 202. 

b. A dark pectoral band; under tail-coverts 
chestnut edged with whitish at the tips .. zoece +, p. 204. 
1. Carpophaga whartoni. 
Carpophaga whartoni, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, p. olo, pi. xllii. (Christmas 
I.); Lister, P. Z. S.1888, p. 520. 

Adult female. Upper parts, including the hind neck and occiput, 

dark metallic bronze-green, with a blue tinge on the edges of some of the 

feathers ; frontal edgewhitisb ; forehead, crown, cheeks, and throat 

dark grey, merging into the metallic-green colour of the upper parts 

lower throat dark metallic green like the upper parts ; breast and 

abdomen dark vinous purple, changing into dark grey on the side*, 

vent, and tibial feathers; under tail-coverts chestnut; quills like 

the back, except on the inner webs where they are blackish ; under 

wing-coverts dark grey, with a greenish lustre; quills underneath 

dark grey ; tail above dark metallic green, underneath blackish 

brown : bill black; feet crimson. Total length about 10 inches, 

wing 10, tail 7, bill 0*8, tarsus 1*1. 

Male. The skin of this sex, preserved in spirits, is rather dis


eoloured, but does not seem to differ from the female. 

Hal. Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Christmas Island. Capt. Maclear, US. [P.]. 
{Type of species.) 
b. $ ad. sk. Christmas Island. J. J. Lifter, Esq. [P.]. 
2. Carpophaga cenothorax. (Plate YL) 
Carpophaga 
osnothoras, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ, Gen. {2} xii. p. 139 
(1892). 

Adult male. Head, neck, abdomen, sides, and tibial feathers ashy; 
frontal edge and throat wbite; breast deep vinous; back, rump, 
upper tail-coverts and wings metallic bronze-green, some feathers, 
especially of the rump, with bluish, reflections; primaries and 
outer secondaries blue-green, underneath brown slate-grey; 
under wing-coverts greenish grey; tail above of a beautiful dark 

* Giebel (Thes, Orn. i. p. 584) by mistake mentions a Carpophaga davidiana, 
instead of Carpodacus davidianus, Milne-Edw. Kouv, Arch. Mus. i (1865), 
p. 19, t. %ff.2, a 
15 . CAKPOPHAGA. 
185 

greenish blue, underneath, greenish brown; under tail-coverts 
bronze-green, with the base more or less chestnut: " bill ashy; 
irides and feet red " (Modigliani). Length 15-11 inches, wing 11-22, 
tail 5-89, bill 0-86, tarsus 1*29. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hab. Engano, off the West coast of Sumatra. 


a,h. <$ 2 ad. sk. Engano, ^ Dr. Modigliani [C.]. 
(Two of the types of the species.) 

3. Carpophaga insularis. 
Carpophaga sylvatica, Tar., Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 371 (1840); id. 
Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 231, n. 1401 (part.) (1849); Rartl J. f. 0. 
1854, p. 319. 

Carpophaga senea, part., Bp. Consp.Av. ii. p. 32 fspecim. ex ins. Nicobaricis) 
(1854); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 585 (1872). 

Carpophaga insularis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxvii. p. 270 (1858); Walk 
Ms, 1865, pp. 383, 398; id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 280; Blyth, 
Ibis, 1868, p. 133; G. R. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 228, n. 9174 
(1870); Ball, J. A. S. B. xxxix. pt. 2, p. 32 (1870); id. Str. 
Feath. i. p. 79 (1873) (Xicobars); Eume, Str. Feath. ii. p. 262 
(1874); Wald. Tr. Zool Soc. ix. p. 216 (1875); Hume, Str. 
Feath. viii. p. 109, n. 780 bis (1879); Legge, B. of Ceyl. p. 719 
(1880); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 379 (1881); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 

p. 42 (1889). 
Carpophaga aenea, var. nicobarica, Pelz. Novara Exped., Vogel, p. 105 
(186*5). 

Adult male. Head, neck, upper mantle, breast, and abdomen 
grey, somewhat lighter on the forehead, and with no tinge whatever 
of vinaceous; back, rump, and wings dark metallic green, with a 
bluish tinge on some feathers ; under tail-coverts dull chestnut, 
more or less changing into dark green, especially on the longest 
ones; quills above black, with the outer webs dark greyish green, 
with a dusty appearance, underneath brown-grey; under wing-
coverts grey with a greenish lustre; tail above dark bluish green, 
underneath blackish brown : " legs and feet dull deep pink, pinkish 
red, or livid purple; bill pale plumbeous, paler at tip, and darker 
on cere and base; irides sometimes pale ruby-red, sometimes clear, 
and sometimes dull lake-red; eyelid pale lavender. Length 17*5 
to 19-5 inches, wing 9 to 10*25, tail from vent 6 to 7, bill at front 
1 to 1*27, tarsus 1*1 to 1*25 " (Hume). 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Hab. Nicobars. 


a. d ad. sk. Great Nicobar, April (A. de Hume Coll. 
Roepstorf). 
$ $ a<*«sk*

b, c,d. Camorta L, Jan., Feb. (W. Hume Coll. 
Davison). 
e,f. 3 $ ad. sk. Camorta L, Dec, Jan. (R. J. Tweeddale Coll. 
Wimberley). 

g. $ 
ad. sk. Nancowry I., Eeb. (W. Davi- Hume Coll. 
son). 
186 
TBB305IDJE. 

h. $ ad. sk. Xancowry L, Feb, (R. J*. Tweeddale Coll. 
i. 
$ ad. sk. Katcball I., Jan. (IF". DaviSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
son ).
&, /, m. c? $ ad. sk. 
Hume Coll. 

Katchall L, Jan., Feb. (W. 
Datison).

>z. J ad. sk. Kitehall L, Jan. (22. «7< Tweeddale Coll. 

Wimberley). 
°) P, <2-d $ ad. sk. Trinkut I., Jan., Feb. (JT. Hume Coll. 

2)«m6>«). 

r. 
5 ad. sk. Trinkut I.,'Feb. (22. X WimTweeddale 
Coll. 
berley). 
s-20. cT 2 ad. sk. Bompoka L, Jan., March Hume Coll. 

(W. Darfcon). 
#-&'. d $ ad. sk. TeressaI., Jan. ( W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
c". $ ad. sk. Tilliang-clioiiiip-1., March (A. Hume Coll. 
0. H.). 
d', e. $ ad. sk. TreisL,March{IT".Davison). Hume Coll. 
/'. 6 ad. sk. TrakL,March( W.Davimn). Hume Coll. 
<J. Ad. sk. Pelti MIlu I.; Jan. (IF. Hume Call. 
Davison). 
4. Carpophaga consobrina. 
? Carpiiphaga perspiciliata, Rusenb. (nee Temm.) Vers!. Ed. Xias, 
p.2W(lS-*). 
Carpophacra ajnea, Rosenb. (nee Linn.) Malay. Art-hip. p. 220 (18*8) 
(Xia*)/' 

Carpophaga consobrina, Salvad. Ann, 31 us Civ. G*a. (2) xv, p. 538 
(1SS7); 31odigl. Vi'tqgio a Ma*% p. 441, pi. x\. (IttOO); Oi£*£. 
Bull. Sue. Phihm. (8/iv. p. 117 (1802 j. 

Similar to CI rtnea, but smaller, and besides it differs in having 
the grey colour of the hind neck sharply defined from the bronze-
green colour of the hack; the heart, neck, breast, and abdomen are 
grey, with no vinous tinge; the feathers of the frontal edge and 
chin are not white; the under tail-coverts are of a deeper chestnut: 
u iris red; bill black at the base, pearl-grey at the tip: feet vinous 
red" (MofUgllatii). Length 15>53 inches, wing !M9, tail 5*11, 
bill 0*78, tarsus 1*22 (31us. Genoa). 

Female. Like the male, only a little smaller (31m. Genoa). 
Obs. This species is similar to C. inrndaris, but has the under 
tail-coverts deep chestnut. 
Hah, Kias Island. 

5. Carpophaga coucinna. 
Carpophaga cenea, Wall, (nee Linn.) Ami. 4" Mag. 2V1 22". (2) xx. 
p. 473 (Ke) (1857); Schleg. X T. D. iii. p. 197 (part., specimen 
from Banda) (1865). 
Carpophaga 
chahbura, G. R. Gr. {nee Dp.) P.Z. & 1858, pp. 187, 
196 (Aru IsU); id. Cat. B. Kern Gxtin. pp. 47, 151 (1859); id. 
P.£.&18Cl,p. 437; Rosenb. N. T. X L xxv. p. 249, n. 220 
(186*3); Finsch, Neit-Gum, p. 177 (1805). 

15 . CAEPOPHAGA. 
187 

Carpophaga chalybea (errore), Bosenb. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 132, n. 22G 

(Aru). 

Carpophaga conciima, Wail. Ibis, 1865, p. 383, n. 52 (Matabello, 

Sanguir Isl., Banda, K6 Isl.) ; id. Malay. Archip. i. p. 4=57 (1869); 

Schleg. Mus. P.~B. Columbas, p. 82 (1873); Briiggem. AbhandL 

naturio. Ver. Brem. v. p. 84 (1876) ,• Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

ix. pp. 62, 65, 200, n. 39 (1876); id. P. Z. S. 1878, pp. 85, 89; 
Bosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 371 (1878-79); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. xiv. p. 659 (1879); id. Voy. Challeng., Birds, pp. 66, 71 
(1881) ; Meyer, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 772 (Babbar, Cera, 
Tenimber Isl.) ; Salvad. Orn. Bap. e Mol. iii. p. 81 (1882); Sclat 
P. Z. S. 1883, pp. 51,195,200 (Larat, Maroe, Timorlaut); Meyer, 
Sitz. u. Abh. Ges. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 51 (Dammar); Forbe*, 
P. Z. S. 1884, p. 433: Biittik. Not. Leyd. Mus. viii. p. 66 (1886) ; 
Bias. Omis< iv. p. 615 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (1889); 
Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. &c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 55 (Ago. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol. p. 181) (1891). 
Carpophaga roseinucha, part., Schleg. N. T. D. iii. p. 197 and follow., 

p. 344 (1865). m 
Carpophaga myristicivora, Bosenb. {nee Scop.) Beis naar de Zitidoostereil. 
p. 81 (Ke Isl.) (1867). 
Globicera tumida, part., G. B. Gr. I[and-lisf, ii. p. 229, n. 9176 
(1870). 
Carpophaga pacifica, part., Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 487 (1873). 

Advlt male. Head, neck, breast, and abdomen light grey; frontal 
edge whitish ; occiput and nape tinged with light vinous; under 
tail-coverts chestnut; grey colour of the neck sharply defined from 
the colour of the back; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and npper 
wing-coverts metallic golden or bronze-green, with some blue reflections 
; quills steel blue-black, secondaries brighter, underneath slate-
black ; under wing-coverts dark grey, with some metallic golden-
green lustre ; tail above metallic steel-blue, below black: bill dark 
born-colour ; feet vinous red : iris pale yellow-orange; evelids pale 
with a white edge. Length 21-22-18-86 inches, wing 12:38-10*22, 
tail 7*47-6*29, bill 0-90-0-78, tarsus 1-41-1-38. 

Female. Somewhat smaller than the male. 

There is a great difference in the size of the specimens, according 
to the localities; the Ke Islands birds are the largest 
of all. 

Eab. Tenimber Islands, S.W. Papuan Islands—Aru and Ke' Isl.: 
Moluccas—Tejoor, Matabello, Monawolka, Pandjang, Goram, Banda, 
Batang Kitjil, and Sanghir Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Moluccas. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. Aru I. 
Wallace Coll. 
c. cS ad sk. Aru I. (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
d. § ad. sk. Aru I. Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
e-h. (S 5 ad. sk. K6 Doulan. l Challenger' Exp. 
t, k, I. d ad. et ad. Matabello. " Wallace Coll. 
sk. 
(Types of species.) 

m. 
3 ad. sk. Dammar I., Banda Sea, Nov. P. V?". Bassett Smith, 
Esq. [P.]. 
n. 2 ad. sk. Banda. 
c Challenger' Exp. 
o. Ad. sk. Tenimber I. Tweeddale Coll. 
188 TBEROXIIXaB. 

P, q, d 9 ad. sk. Tenimber L, Aug., Sept. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(H. 0. Parte*), 
r, 5. <$ Q ad. sk. Tenimber L, Aug. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[C.]. 
t Ad. sk Sanghir I. Tweeddale Coll. 

u. Ad. sk, Sanghir I. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6. Carpophaga geelvinMana. 
Carpophaga geelvinkiana, ScJdeg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 86 
(1873) ; Salvad. Ann, Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 200, n. 10 (1876); 
6-Ve£. 77^5. Orw. iii. p. 793 (1S77); Bosenb. Malay. Arckip. p. 501 
(1879); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. b4 (1882). 

Carpophaga roseinucha, Bosmib. {nee Schley.) Heist, uaar Geehinhb. 

p. 36 (1875) (Mafoor). 
Adult male. Head, neck, and upper breast grey; frontal edge 
whitish; the grey colour of the neck sharply defined from the 
colour of the back; lower breast and abdomen pale vinous ; under 
tail-coverts chestnut; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and upper 
wing-coverts metallic golden or bronze-green, with some blue reflections 
; quills steel blue-black; secondaries metallic blue-green ; 
quills underneath slate-black; under wing-coverts dark grey; tail 
above metallic steel-blue, below black : 4* bill black; feet coral-red; 
iris golden yellow; eyelids yellow" (Beccari). Length 10-1115-
33 inches, wing 9-98-9-11, tail 0-09-5-69, bill 1-14-1-02, 
tarsus 1*25. 

Female. Like the male. 

The feathers on the frontal edge do not come forward in a 
point as in C. concinna, but keep backward at the base of the bill 
in a straight line. 

Eab. Geelvink Bay Islands—lliosnom, llafoor, Misori. 

a, b. £ $ ad. sk. Mysori (Dr. A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 

7. Carpophaga paulina. 
Columba eenea, 2 > Temm. <§* Knip7 Piy.7 fain, seconde, pi. 4 (180811); 
Temm. Hist Nat. Ply. et Gall i. pp. 91, 440 (1813); Vieill. 
N.D. xxvi. p. 363 (1818); Stepk. Gen. ZooL xi. p. 21 (1819); 

Desm. Diet Sc. Nat xl. p. 315 (1826). 
Columba senea, part., WayL Syst. Av. Columba, &p. 15 (1827). 
Carpophaga a?nea, part., G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 468, n. 1 (1844) ; 

 *Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbaria, Novitice, f. 33w (1851). 
Columba paulina, Temm. in Mm. Lityd. unde 
Ducula paulina, Bp. Cbnsp. Av. ii. p. 35 (1854); id. Compi. Bend. 

xxxix. p. 1076 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 94 (lb35); id. Coup dCml Ordre 
Pig. pp. 16, 55, m 94 (1855); Behnb. Tauben, i. p. 115, t 2306. 
f. 3360 (1862), ii. p. 199, Novit. SuppL t. vi. f. 69 (1862); ? Smsa, 
Mm, Mac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 10 (1873) (Mindanao I). 
Carpophaga rufinuchalis, Cass. Pr. Ac, Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 228 
(1854). 
Carpophaga paulina, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 247 (1855),xliiL p. 836 
(1856) ; G. B. Gr. List B. Brit Mm. Columbse, p. 17 (1856); Wall 

P. Z. S. 1862, p. 345 (Sula Isl.); id. Ibis, 1805, pp. 385,398 j Finsck, 
15 . CABPOPHAGA. 
189 

jbTeu-Guin. p. 177 (1865); Sckleg. N. T. D. iii. p. 200 (1866); G. R. 
Gr. Ha7id-list, ii. p. 228, n.9168 (1870); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. 

p. 83 (1872); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 587 (1872); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Oolumbw, p. 84 (1873); Wald, Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 215 (1875) ; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 672 (1875); Sclat. P.Z.S. 
1876, p. 519; Zenz, J. f. 0.1877, p. 877; Rosenb. Malay. Archip. 
p. 275 (1878) ; Meyer, Ibis, 1879, pp. 135, 136; Tweedd. Orn. 
Works, pp. 183, 379 (1881): Cab. J. f. 0. 1882, p. 125; Bias. 
J. f. 0.1833, p. 139 ; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 443 (1883); 
Gidllem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 557 (Talisse Isl.); Bias. Zeitschr. f. d. 
ges. Orn. ii. p. 306 (1885), iii. p. 132 (1886); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p. 42 (1889). 
Garpophaga rufinucha, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. pp. 247, 658 (1855), 
xliii. p. 836 (1856). 
Dueula rufmuchalis, G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 230, n. 9200 (1870). 
Garpophaga sylvatica, Sclat. (nee Tickell) P. Z. S. 1874, p. 695, 
1876, p. 519. 

Garpophaga 
paulinse, Briiggem. Abli. naturw. Ver. Brem. v. p. 84 
(1870); Peiz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, p. 719 (1876); Seine 8f Rchnw. 
Nomencl. Mus. Hem. Orn. p. 281 (Sulu!) (1890). 

Adult. Head, neck, throat "breast, and lower surface delicate pale 
grey, deeply tinted on the vertex, throat, and abdomen with a roseate 
hue; under tail-coverts chestnut; forehead whitish; nape cupreous 
chestnut; entire back, upper tail-coverts, and all the upper wing-
coverts metallic golden green ; quills above greyish metallic green; 
under wing-coverts grey; tail above metallic green, underneath 
dark grey: " bill lead-blue, above nostrils to base red; iris deep 
red ; eyelids red " (Wallace); feet vinous red (?). Length about 
15 inches, wing 8*75, tail 5-Q, bill 0*9, tarsus 1*05. 

Hah. Celebes and Sula Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Celebes. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.], 
b. Ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Celebes (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
d. e. (S ad. et ad. sk. Makassar (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
f. $ ad. sk. Makassar. Wallace Coll. 
g. (S ad. sk. Tondano. Wallace Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Menado. Wallace Coll. 
i, k. Ad. sk. Menado. Hume Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Sula Is. Salvin-Godman Coll 
m. Ad. sk. Sula Is. (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
8. Carpophaga pulchella. 
Carpophaga 
pulchella, Wald. Ann. fy Mag. N. H. (4) xiv. p. 157 
(1874) ,* Bruggem. Abh. naturw. Ver. Brem. v. p. 84 (1876); 
Gieb. Thes.Orn. iii. p. 793 (1877); Meyer, Ibis, 1879,pp. 135,146; 
Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 288 (1881). 

Adult. " Head, neck, throat, breast, lower surface, and under 
wing-coverts delicate pale grey, deeply tinted on the crown, throat, 
and abdomen with a roseate hue; forehead pure white; a broad 
triangular patch on the nape rich cupreous chestnut; entire back 
and all the wing-coverts and upper tail-coverts golden green or rich 

190 
TEEEOXIDJE. 

copper-colour; first three primaries above dark slate-grey, ilie remainder 
washed with green ; rectriees above green, with a cupreous 
tinge: under tail-coverts chocolate. Wing 8*5 inches, tail 5-5, hill 
from forehead 1-25, tarsus 1, middle toe with claw liL*J ( Waldta.) 

** A representative form of C. paulina, but differs by being 
copper-coloured instead of green; its dimensions are also le^s " 
(Walden). To me it appears doubtfully distinct. 

Hah. Togian I Jands, off the eastern coast of Celebes. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Togian Inlands (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
9. Carpophaga uuchalis. 
Carpopbaga paulina, part.. Sihleg. X. T. I), iii. pp. 200, 201 (specim. 
from Lucon) (lfcUU); Wald. Tr. Zool. 8oc. viii.p. S3 fpartj (1872 ; 
Setter/. Si vs. B.-B. Columbse. p. bo (-peeim. fr< in Luzon) (Mt ; 

Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 215 (1*70;; Ttrenld. Orn. Works, 

p. 379 (part.); Kutter] J. f. 0. 18^2, p. 170 (Btutau, Luzon); 
YHartert, Eat. Togelsamml p. 1*0 fMindoro/ (1^>1). 
*t Ducula paulina, Soitsa, JIus. Xac. Lhb. Columbia, p. 10 (IN3) 
(Mindanao!). 
Carpophaga nuchalk, 
Cab. J.f.O. 1^2, p. 120 (Luzon); Kutter, 
J, f. O. Itb2, p. 177 (Baatan); Itckntr. ^' SchaL J. f. 0. 1^3, 
p.*403; Hartert, Kat VvgehammL p. 1*0 < note) (leUl). 

Similar to C. paulina from Sula Islands but a little smaller and 
with the rufous-brown spot on the nape smaller and darker, and 
with the grey colour of the head and neck very slightly washed w ith 
rose-colour (Cahanis). 

It requires comparison. 

Bab. Philippine Islands—Luzon, ? Mindoro, ? Mindanao. 

10. Carpophaga aenea. 
Palumbus moluecen^is, JBriss. Orn. i. p. 148, pi. xii. f. 2 (1700); Less. 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. bl (part.) (Ib37); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. 

p. 291 (pair.) (1536). 
Columba a»i:ea, Bum. 8. X. I p. 283? n. 22 (1700); Gm. 8. X i. 2, 
p. 780, n. 22 (exol. var. £) (17m) ; Lath. LuL Orn. ii. p. 002, n. 33 
(excl. var. 0> (1790); Bonn. Em. Slith. i. p. 233 (IHKjj; Temm. 
k Knip, Big. i. fam. sec. pi. 3 (tf, fl^c pi. 4j (lbOfe-U) ; Tetma. 
Pi(/. et Gallin. i. pp. SO, 440 (parti (ltl3) ; VieilL X I), xxvi. 
p. 303 (male) (181b); StepL Gen. Zool. si. p. 21 (male) (1810); 
Ilorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 184 (1821) (Java); littffl. Tr. Linn. 
Soc. xiii. pt. 2, p. 310 (1822) (Sumatra); Uesm. Diet 8c. Xat. si. 
p. 315 (part.) (1826); Wagl. 8i/*t. At. Columbse, $p. 15 (part.) 
(1827); Less. Tr. cTOrn. p. 4m (part. Hi 831). 
Pigeon Banner cles Moluques, IfAubent. BL JSuL 104 (17™ ?); Buff. 
Hist. Nat, Ois. ii. p. 538 (17711. 
Columba moIuecHiMS, Milll. S. X 8tippl. p. 133, n. 3o J (1770); Ca&s. 
Br. Ac. Xat. 8c. Bhilad. Ife04; p. 248. 

15 . CAEPOPHAGA. 
191 

Nutmeg Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 636, n. 30 (1783). 
Columba sylvatica, Ticked, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 581 (1833) (Jungles of 
Borabhum and Dholbhum). 
Carpophaga aenea, Selby, Nat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 118 (1835); Sw. Class. 

B. ii. p. 348 (note) (1837); Jerd. Madr. Journ. xii. p. 11 (1840); 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 1 (part.) (1844); Eartl. Syst. Verz. 
p. 98 (1844); Peale, U.S.Expl.Exped., Zool. p. 198 (part., Mindanao) 
(1848); Rchnb. Syn. Av. Novif. Columbarise, t. 230 b. f. 3359 (nee 
3360) (1851); Hard. Arch. f.Naturg.lSb2,^.ll5^m:t.,lslmdiB.mo)] 
Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. So. PMlad. 1854, p. 2^5; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 32 
(part.) (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1074 (1854), xl.p. 217, 
ii. 80 (1855); id. Coup d1ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 14, 55, n. 80 (185")); 
Gould, P.Z. 8.1859, p. 150 (Tavoy); G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1861. 
p. 361; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 119, t. 230 b. f. 3359 (1862); Srlat. 
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 221 (Borneo) ; Wall. P. Z. S.1863, p. 486 (Lombock, 
Flores); Pelz. Novara Reis., Tog. p. 105 (JavaJ (1865); Wall, 
Ibis, 1865, pp. 383, 397; id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 280; 8chleg. N. T I). 
iii. p. 197 (1866); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 228, n. 9l70 (1870); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 583 (part.) (1872); Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 314 
(S. Andamans); 8chleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbae, p. 85 (1873) (Sumatra, 
Bangka, Java, Borneo, Soumbawa, Flores, Philippines); 
Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Colutnbae, p. 9 (1873) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1873, pp. 468, 639,1874, p. 256 ; Hume, Str. Feath. ii. pp. 2G0, 
424 (1874) ; Salvad. TJcc. di Born. p. 290 (1874); Blyth % Wald. 
B. of Burnt, p. 144 (1875); Wald. Tr. Zool. 8oc. ix. pp. 215, 251 
(1875) (Philippines); Hume, Nests $ Fgqs, iii. p. 496 (1875); id. 
Str. Feath. iii. p. 163 (1875; (Pegu); Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 399 
(Ceylon); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 51; Brilgqem.Abh. Ver. Brem.x. 
p. 461 (1876); Ball, Str. Feath. iv. p. 235 (1876); Armstr. ibid. 
p. 337 (1876); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Sac., Zool. i. pp. 346, 353 (1876); 
Inqlis, Str. Feath v. p. 39 (1877); Ball, ibid. p. 418 (1877); Tweedd. 
p;Z. S. 1877, pp. 264 (Cebu), 832 (Mindanao), 1878, pp. 113 (Dinagat), 
288 (Kegrosj, 344 (Leyte), 623 (Palawan), 752 (Mindanao); 
Rosenb. Malay. ArcMp. p. 108 (Sumatra) (1878); Hume fy Davis. 
Sir. Feath. vi. p. 416 (1878) (Tenasserim) ; Ball, Str. Feath. vii. 
p. 224 (1878); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. pp. 67,109, n. 780 (1879); 
Ttoeedd.P. Z. S. 1879, p. 73 (Basilan); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 348; 
Tiraut, Bull. Com. Agr. et Ind. Cochinch. (3) i. p. 141, n. 252 
(1879); Bingh. Str. Feath. ix. p. 194 (1880); Parker, ibid. p. 481 
(1880); Wardl. Rams. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 15 ; Sharpe, P. Z. S.1881, 
p. 799; Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 245,378,379,380,412,538,559, 
573, 594, 599, 618, 643, 650 (1881); Wardl. Rams. Tweedd. Orn. 
Works, App. p. 652 (1881); Kelham, 15^1881, p. 527 (Malay 
Penin&ula); Bias, fy Nehrk. Jahresb. Ver. Naturw. zur Braunschw. 
1881, p. 59 (Borneo); Nichols. Bis, 1882, p. 66 (Sumatra); Oates, 
Str. Feath. x. p. 235 (1882); Cab. J. f 0. 1882, pp. 125, 126; 
Kutter, J. f. 0.1882, p. 177 (Philippines) ; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. 
Coll. p. 553 (1882); Nichols. Ibis, 1883, p. 524; Kutter, J. f. 0. 
1883, p. 318; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 443 (1883); Bias. 
Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, xxxiii. p. 62 (1883); Oates, B.Brit. Burnt. 
ii. p. 301 (1883); Meyer, Abbild. Vogel-Skel t. lviii. (1884) (Luzon); 
Sharpe,Ibis,1884,p. 322 (Puerto Princesa); Snellem. Sumatra-Fxp., 
Vogels, p. 48 (1884); Vorderm. N. T. N. 1. xliv. p. 226 (1884) 
(Java); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 270 (Sulu); Bedd. P. Z. S.1885, 
p. 844; Vorderm. N T. N. L xlvi. pp. 25, 236 (1886); Biittih 
Not. Leyd. Mm. ix. p. 76 (1886); Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc, 
192 
TREROXTD-E. 

Zool. xxi. p. 152 (Mergrui Archip.) (1887); Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, 

p. 202; Hume, Str. Feath. xi. p. 294 (1888); Everett, Journ. 
Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 1889, p. 194; id. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 225; Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (1889) ; Toderm. X T. X I. xlix. p. 412 (1889), 
xl. p. 505 (1890); Whiteh. Ibis, 1890, p. 56 (Palawan) ; Sharpe, 
Ibis, 1890, pp. 134,283 ; Steere, List of Philipp. Birds, p. 24 (1890); 
Hein. & Rchmo. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Or a. p. 231 (1890); Hartert, 
Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 189 (1891); id. J.f 0. 1891, p.'300 (MD doro). 
Carpophaga svlvatica, 
Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 856 (1845); Beng. 
Sport Rev. 1845, pi. 3: Blyik, Ann. $ ^ag. X. H xix. p. o2 (1847); 
id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 231, n. 1401 (part.) (1S49): Kelaart, 
Prodr. Cat. p. 130 (1852); Bp. Consp. Ar. ii. p. 33 (1854); id. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1074 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. S-> (1855); id. 
Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 14, 55, n. 82 (ISoo); G. R. Gr. List 

B. Brit. Mus., Columbse,p. 17 (1850); Blyth L A. S. B.xxvii. p.270 
(1858) (Andamans) (Ibis, 1859, p. 201); id. Ibis, 1859, p. 465; 
Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46Q (Pinaog); Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxx. 
p. 97(1861) (Philippines); Rchnb. Tcwhen, i. p. 119 (1862), ii. 
p. 184 (1862); Jerd. B. of hid. 111. p. 454 (1804); WalL Ibis, 1805, 
pp. 383, 397; id. J. f. O. 1866, p. 280; Sehleg. X T. I), iii. p. 197 
(1866); Blyth, Ibis^imi, p. 148; Beat. Ibis, 18U7, p. 332; Blyth, 
Ibis, 1868, p. 133; Bear. Ibis. 1868, p. 373; Blyth, Ibis, 1&70, 
p. 173; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 22^, n. 9167 (1^70); Sidnh. 
Ibis, 1870, p. 355 (Hainan); id. P. Z. S. 1ST1, p. 396; Holdiv. 
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 466 (Ceylon); Schley. Mm. P.~B. (Jolumboe, p. 86 
(1*73); Leqqe, Ibis, 1874, p. 23 (Ceylon); David ty Ou»t, Ois. Chine, 
p. 381 (1877); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 (1^9) j Hein. fyRc/mw. 
Xomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 281 (lfelX)). 
Carpophaga 
pusilla, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xviii. p. 816 (1849) (Nilgiris, 
errore); id. Cat B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 232, n. 1402 (1640); Layard, 
Ann. % Mag. X H. (2) xiv. p. 5b (lfe54j; Hart?. J, f O. 1854, 

p. 158; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 33 (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. 
p. 1074 (1854), xl. p 217, n. S:i (1855); id. Coup cfwil Ordre Pig. 
pp. 14, 55, n. 83 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 119 (1862); Blyth, 
Ibis, 1867, p. 148 (Malabar), 1870, p. 173 (Travancore, Ceylon); 
Hume, Str. Feath. ii. p. 260 (1874), vii. p. 424 (167b), viii. p. 109, 
n. 780 ter (1879). 
Carpophaga chalvbura, 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 32 (1854) (Philippines) ; 
id. Compt Rend, xxxix. p. 1074 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 81 (lb55); 
id. Coup d'ceil Or dr. Pig. pp. 14, 55, n. 81 (1855); G. R. Gr. List 

B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, p. 17 (1856); Bp. Icon. Pig. pi. xlii. (1857); 
Wall. Ibis, 18QI,T). 286 (Philippines); Rchnb. Tauben, I p. 119 
(1862); Wall. Ibis, 1865, pp. 3b3, 398; id. J. f O. 1866, p. 280; 
Mart. J. f. 0.1866, p. 24; G. R. Gr. Handlist, ii. p. 228, n. 9169 
(1870); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbte, p. 9 (1873); Heine §-
Rchmo. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 281 (lb90). 
Muscadivora a?nea, Sehleg. Be Dierent. p. 210 (1864). 
Carpophaga senea palawanensis, Bias. Ornis, iv. p. 316 (1888) (Palawan) 
; id. Ibis} 1888, p. 374. 

Adult male. Head, neck, breast, and abdomen grey, with a slight 
vinous tinge, scarcely perceptible on the breast ; frontal edge 
and chin whitish; under tail-coverts deep chestnut; back, ramp, 
upper tail-coverts, and wings bronze-green; quills and tail-feathers 
above metallic bluish green, below dark brown, almost black: " iris 
red; bill grey; the region of the nostrils dull red; edges of the 

15 . CiJEtPOPHAGA. 
193 

eyelids, legs, and feet purplish red" (Oates). Length about 17 inches, 
wing 9, tail 6-5, bill 0*88, tarsus 1-1. 

Female. Like the male, but somewhat smaller. 

Hah. India, Ceylon, Andamans, Indo-Burmese Countries, Cochin-
China, Hainan, Simda Islands, with Lombock and Flores, the 
Philippines and Sulu Islands. 
Obs. 1st. The South Indian and Ceylon bird (C. sylvatica, Tick.) 
has smaller dimensions. 

2nd. The Philippine bird (C. clialylura, Pp.) has the grey colour 
of the hind neck and upper mantle lighter and more sharply defined 
from the metallic-green back ; the tail somewhat greener, with less 
bluish tinge. 

3rd. The Palawan bird (G. cenea palawanensis, Bias.) has the tail 
darker and with a bluer tinge on the upper surface • in fact it is 
intermediate between Bomean specimens of C, cenea, which it resembles 
in the bluer tail, and the Philippine ones, with which it agrees 
in having the grey hind neck better defined from the metallic back. 

4th. The Sulu. bird is typical C. cenea, and not like the Philippine 
one. 

«, b, c. Ad. sk. India. 
Zoological Soc. Coll. 

d. Ad.sk. Bombay (Col. Sykes). India Museum [P.]. 
N. of Ellore, April. Hume Coll. 
Kullar, Oct. Hume Coll. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
/,$-.£$ ad.sk. 

h} i, k. Ad. et Malabar Coast. Tweeddale Coll. 
]UT. sk. 
/. Ad. sk. Calicut. Hume Coll. 

m. Ad. sk. Anjango, Travancore, Dec. Hume Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Ceylon. 
Dr. Kelaart [P.]. 
o. (S ad. sk. Ceylon, Jan. (J. Chapman). Tweeddale Coll. 
p-s. Ad. sk. Ceylon (fit Neville), Tweeddale Coll. 
t, u. Ad. sk. Ceylon. Hume Coll. 
v, to. Ad. sk. Madras. Rev.H.H.BaberpP.]. 
.v. Ad. sk. Madras (JR. G. W. JR.). Tweeddale Coll. 

y. 
$ ad. sk. Badrachellum, S. Godaveryf W. T. Blanford. Esq. 
Feb. 
z. $ ad. sk. Orissa, Feb. Hume Coll. 
a'* 
Ad. sk. Maunbhooru, March (JR. C. Tweeddale Coll. 
Beamn). 

V. Ad. sk. Dacca. Hume Coll. 
c'. Ad, sk. Nepal? Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
d!. Ad. sk. Sikhim. Seebohm Coll. 
e'. Ad. sk. Sikhim Terai, Dec. (L. Hume Coll. 
Mandelli). 
f,g'. Ad.sk. Darjeeling. Hume Coll. 
h'} i'. Ad. sk. Buia Doars, Jan. (L. Hume Coll. 
Mandelli). 
k', V. Ad. sk. Bhotan Doars, Feb., April Hume Coll. 

(L. Mandelli). 
m'. Juv. sk. Assam ? (Griffiths). India Museum. 
n'j o'. Ad. sk. Assam (Mr. (Jlelland). India Museum. 
p'. $ ad. sk. Dhollah, April(J. Cockbum). Hume Coll. 
q'} r', s'. (S $ ad. Dibrnghur, March, April, Hume Coll. 
sk. July (J. JR. Crtpps). 
Y0L. XXI. o 


*', u\ <J $ ad. 
sk. 
v'. Ad. sk. 

w\ Ad. sk. 
.r'. <$ ad. sk. 

y\ <5 ad. sk. 

z'. S ad. sk. 

a"-d". <$ 5 ad. sk. Toughoo, Feb., Aug. (22. 

TREEOSIDiE, 

N. Khasia Hills, March (A. 
W. Chennell).
Naga Hills (H. Godicji-
Austeri). 

Caehar. 
Borongo, March (J". Arm


strong). 
China Ba-keer, Dec. («7". 

Pegu, Feb. 

e". 2 ad. sk. 
/". $ ad. sk. 
#". $ ad. sk. 

h",i". tf? ad.sk. 
k". d ad. sk. 

1". $ ad. sk. 

m"-p"" S $ ad. 
sk. " 
q". <$ ad. sk. 

r". $ juv. sk. 

*", *". 6 ? ad. sk. 

u"-y,\ (S 2 ad. 

sk. 
z",a2,h\ Ad.sk. 
c3. Ad. sk. 
d\ Ad. sk. 
e\f. Ad. sk. 

//3. Ad. sk. 
)i3. J ad. sk. 
?3;F. Ad.sk. 


23. d1 ad. sk. 
mz-f. cJ 2 ad. 
sk. 
(f-t\ <S 2 ad. 
sk. 
M3. $ ad. sk. 

vz. 2 a^-pk


w3. 5 ad.sk. 

A*3. <J ad. sk. 

y% s3. Ad. et 
pull. sk. 
a%. $ ad. sk. 


G. TV. J2.). 
Pahpoon, Jan.( IF.Davison). 
Kaukaryit, May (J". Darling). 
Salweert "River, Aug. (It C. 

Beavan). 
Meetan,Feb. (IV. Davison). 
Houngthraw, Nov. 

Cheunkhon, Feb. «?. T. 
Bingham). 

Amherst. Jan., March, & 
Dec. (IF. Davison).
40 miles south of Yea, April 
( IF. Davison). 
Near Tavoy, April (IF. 

Davison). 

Near Tavoy, April (i n 

Davison). 

Bankasoon, Feb., April, & 

Dec. (IF. Davison). 
Cochin China, Aug. 
Hainan, March (It. 'Sicinhoe). 
Hainan, March. 

Hainan, Feb., March (JR. 

Sicinhoe). 
Hainan,March (It. Sicinhoe). 
Kossoom, May (J. Darling). 
Pinang (Cantor).

Selangore, July (IV. Davison). 


Klang, Feb., July, Sept. 
{ W.Davison). 
Johore, Aug., Sept. (IF. 

Davison).

Aberdeen, S. Andamans, 
Dec. {IF. Davison). 
Dungleaf Creek, Jan. (IF. 

Davison). 

Macpherson's Str., March 

(IF. Davison). 

Stewart's Sound, April (IF. 

Davison). 
Port Blair, July (It J. 
Wimberley),
Port Mouat, Jan. (IF Davisofi). 


Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

E. TV. Oates, Esq. "C.\ 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

C. J. Birghanu Esq. 
IK-

Hume Coll. 
flume Cull. 
Hume Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


M. St. Pierre [P.;. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
E. Swinhoe, Esq. [C7. 
Seebohm Coll. 
Tweeddale ColL 
Hume ColL 
India Museum HP.]. 
Hume Coil. 


Hume ColL 
Hume ColL 
Hume ColL 

Hume ColL 
Hume CoH. 
Hume ColL 
Hume ColL 
Hume Coil. 

15 . CABPOPHAGA. 
bl-lK 6 2 ad. et 
iurm. sk. 
mK d juv.sk. 

n'-s\ d 2 ad-

et imm. sk. 

P. Ad. sk. 
w4. S ad. sk. 
v\ Ad. sk. 
w\ 6 ad. sk. 
x1-^. Ad. sk. 
h\ Ad. sk. 
c\ Ad. .sk. 
d',e3. c? 2 ad.sk. 
f'\(f. 
6 ad. et 
ad. sk. 
h\ 6 ad. sk. 

2 aci sk-

P, k5.f\ 
$ ad. sk. 
m\ 2 acl. sk. 
w5. Ad. sk. 
o5. $ ad. sk. 
p5. Ad. sk. 
g>\ Ad. sk. 

/•'. Skeleton. 

«5. Skeleton. 
t\ 
Ad. sk. 

u\ v\ s 2 ad-sk


w?3. Ad. sk. 

x\ Ad. sk. 

y5. Ad. sk. 
»5,«h,&". cJS 
ad. sk. 

c6. Ad. sk. 

d\ Ad. sk. 

e6. Juv. sk. 
f\ <J ad. sk. 

#G. <5 ad, sk. 

A8. Ad. sk. 
i&,ke. 6 2 ad*slr


l\ mK S ad. sk. 

n%. cJ ad. sk. 
OU,JJB. <$ 2 ad.sk. 

<f. Ad. sk. 
r6, s6. d ad. sk. 
Mi Harriet, Andanians, Dec. 

(W. Davison).
Mt. Harriet, Dec. (W. 
Davison). 

S. Andamans, Jan., Feb., 
May,Dec(i£. &.JF.I2.). 
TXicobars.] 
Sumatra, Sept. (CarlBock), 
Sumatra. 
Sumatra. 
Billiton. 
Java [Wallace). 
Java. 
Lorn bock. 
Lombock ( Wallace). 

Lombock (Wallace). 
Sarawak. 
Sarawak (Wallace). 
Sarawak (Wallace). 


Sarawak {A. H.Everett), 
Busan (A. H. Everett). 
Lawas River. 
Sulu Is. (Burbidge). 

f 

Java. 

Yar. jpalawanensis. 
Banpruey. 

P. Princesa, Palawan, Jan., 
Dec. (A. H Everett). 
Palawan. 
Palawan. 

Yar. chalybura. 

Philippine Is. 
Luzon, Jan., April (A. B. 

Meyer). 
Manilla. 
Manilla (Maitland-Heriot). 
Manilla. 

Monte Alban, Feb. (A. 
Everett). 
Negros, March (A. B. 
Meyer).

l^egros. 
Dumaguete, Aug. (A. H. 
Everett). 
Cebu, March, April (A. II. 

Everett). 
Cebu, April (A. H. Everett). 
Amparo, Leyte, July (A. H. 

Everett). 
Dinagat (A. H. Everett). 
Surigao, May (A. II. 

Hume Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
India Museum [P.], 
Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Gould Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 


H. Veitch, Esq. [P.]. 
H.Yeitch, Esq. [P.]. 
? 
Purchased. 

A.H.Everett,Esq.[C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

— Lempriere, Esq.f C.l. 
Prof. Steere [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Prof. Steere [C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Cell. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Everett). 

19 6 TBEfiOSID-SB. 
t. $ ad. sk. Butuan, May (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
u('\ $ ad. sk.
Everett). 
Zamboanga, March (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
A ^oG . 6 $ ad. sk.
Everett). 
Basilar^ May {A. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
.t°. 2 &cLs^*
Everett). 
Basilan, May (A. EC. Salyin-Godman Coll. 
Everett). 

11. Carpophaga rhodiiiolaema. 
Carpophaga rhodinolsema, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 555 (Admiralty 
Islands); id. F. Z. S. 1878, pp. 218, 310 (ejrgs); «Vf. P. Z. S. 187U, 
pp. 228, 810: id. Tog. Challenge Bird*, p. 31, pi. ix. (1881) j 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e 31ol. ili. p. 85 (1S&2 L 

Adult male. Upper part of flie head, neck, and underparts grey ; 
frontal edge, chin, and periophthalmic feathers white ; cheeks and 
throat pale vinous; under tail-coverts chestnut; the grey of the 
hind neck darker, and changing into the metallic golden-green 
colour, with some bluish tinge, of the hack, ramp, upper tail-
coverts, and wing-coverts; quills black, tinged with blue and 
powdered with grey on the outer webs; quills underneath greyish 
brown; under wing-coverts grey : tail above deep steel-blue, underneath 
brown-black: bill black ; feet red. Total length about 15*5 
inches, wing 9*5, tail 5*5, bill 0*85, tarsus 1*1. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah. Admiralty Islands. 

a, b, c. cS ? ^ $ ad. sk. Admiralty Islands. * Challenger' Exped. 
(T\ pes of species.) 

12. Carpophaga van-wycM. 
Carpophaga van-wyckii, Cass. Fr. Ac. Nat. 8c. Pkilad. 1802, p. 320 
(Xew Ireland) (Ibis, 1863, p. 229) ; Felz. XovaraReis., Tog. p. 107 
(18C5); Salvad. Ann, Mus. Cm. Gen.ix, p. 200, n. 41* (1876); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 109 (Duke of York IsL), 1878, pp. 280,071; 
Salvad. Monogr. sottogen. Globieera, p. 5 (1878); ? Bams. Fr. 
Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. iii. p. 292 (1878) (South Cape, Debovne IsL, 
Bramble Haven), iv. p. 101, n. 163 (1870); Salvad. Ibis, 1879, 

p. 326; Sclat. P.Z.S. 1879, pp. 218. 447,451; Layard, lbis7 
1880, pp. 293, 301 (Duke of York Islands, Xew Britain, Palakura, 
Pigeon Island); Finsck, Ibis, 1881, p. 538 (Credner IsL); Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. pp. 87,558 (1882) ; Fimck, Tog. d. Siidsee, p. 19 
(1884) (Credner IsL); Sharpe in Gould's B. New Gum. pt. xxv. 
pi. 8 (1888); Lister, P. Z. S.1888, p. 521; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. 
p. 43 (1889); Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 56 (Agg. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 182) (1802). 
Globicera van-wyckii, G. B. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 229. n. 9184 
(1870). 
Carpophaga wickei, Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 588 (1872). 
? Carpophaga microcera, Bams, (nee Bp. f) Fr. Linn. Soc. N. S* W* 

i. p. 372 (1876). 
15 . CAKPOPHAGA. 
107 

Carpophaga rhodinolasnia, Finsch (nee Sclat.), P. Z. S. 1879, p 13 
(Duke of York Isl. j . 

Adult male. Upper part of the head grey, "becoming darker on the 
hind neck, and changing into the greyish metallic-green colour of 
the upper parts, brighter and purer on the upper tail-coverts ; 
frontal edge, chin, and periophthalmie feathers white ; cheeks and 
throat light vinous, changing into grey, more or less vinous, on the 
breast and abdomen; under tail-coverts chestnut; quills above 
blackish, with a dusty bluish tinge on the outer webs, underneath 
greyish ; under wing-coverts grey; tail above dark steel-blue, more 
or less tinged with green, especially on the outer webs ; tail below 
blackish brown: bill black ; ieet red. Total length 16 inches, 
wing 94, tail 6*2, bill 0*9, tarsus 1*15. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Hab. Xew Ireland, Duke of York Island, and !STew Britain. 

a. 
Ad. sk. Port Moresby, S.E. New A. Goldie [C], 
Guinea (1J). 
b, e. ? ad. et ad. Duke of York Isl. Rev. G. Brown [CJ. 
sk 

d. Ad. sk. Duke of York LJ., Oct. [Bev. Tweeddale Coll. 
G. Brown), 
e-h. $ 
ad. et ad. Duke of York Isl. {Hev. G. Salvin-Godman Coll 
sk. Brown), 

i. 
$ ad.sk. Duke of York Isl., Oct. (T. Sharpe Coll. 
Kleimchnidt). 
Jc. 
$ ad. sk. Credner Isl., New Britain, Oct. T. Kleinschmidt 
[0.]. 

13. Carpophaga pistrinaria. 
Carpophaga 
pistrinaria, Bp. in litt. (Comp. Av. ii. p. 36) (1854) 
(St. George, Solomon Islands, type examined) ; G. B. Gr. List B. 
Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 18 (1856) (St. Cristoval); Wall. Ibis, 
1865, p. 386; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1809, pp. 119, l*2±\Qieb. Thes. Orn. 

i. p. 587 (1872); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 201, n. 43 
(1876); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 072; Salvad. Monogr. sottogen. 
Globicera, p. 5 (1878); id. Ibis, 1879, p. 326; Tristr. Ibis, 1879, 
p. 443 plakira); Earns. Pr. Linn. Soc. N.S. W. iv. p. 72 (1879) 
(Guadalcanal*); Salvad. Ibis, 1880, p. 128; id. Orn. Pap. e Mot. 
iii. pp. 86, 55S (1882); Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 144; id. Cat. Coll. 
B. p. 42 (1889) ; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. xlii. p. 56 (Agg. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 182) (1891); Tristr. Ibis, 1892, p. 298. 
Ducula pistrinaria, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 36 (1854); id Compt. Rend. 

xl. pp. 215, 217, n. (J6 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 53r 
55, n. 96 (1855); id. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 658 (1855); Behb. 
Tauben, i. p. 115 (1862); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 230, n. 9198 
(1870). 
Carpophaga (Ducula) pistrinaria, G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl p. 42 
(1859). 
Carpophaga pristinaria (sic). Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv.p. 72 
(1879), vii. p. 35 (1883). 
Carpophaga van-wickii, JRams. (nee Cass.?) Nature, xx. p. 125 
(1879) (Guadalcanal); id. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iv. p. 101, 

n. 103 (part.) (1879). 
198 
TEEBONID.E. 

Adult male. Upper part of the head and hind neck mealy srey, 
changing into mealy or dusty green on the back, rump, and wings: 
upper tail-coverts purer metallic green; frontal edge, chin, and 
periophthalmic feathers white : cheeks, throat, and breast light 
vinous ; abdomen pale grey: under tail-coverts chestnut: quills 
blackish, with a mealy or dusty bluish tinge on the outer webs, 
underneath dark brown-grey; under wing-coverts grey : tail above 
dark steel-blue, with a green tinge on the edges of the onter webs : 
underneath blackish brown: " iris lake ; margin of eyelids and base 
of upper mandible crimson " (Macf/iUivrrty) ; rest of the bill black: 
" feet cherry-red " (G. E. Richards). Total length about 16 inches, 
wing 10, tail 6, bill 0*9, tarsus 1-2. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

This species very much resembles O. van-ivy eld, from which it 
differs in being somewhat more mealy above, and in having the 
pale vinous colour not confined to the cheeks and throat, but 
spreading down on the breast. 

Hah. Solomon Islands. 

a, k S ad. & San Christoval (J. Macgilli- Voyaere of II.M.S. 
ad. sk. vray). (Herald/ 

e. Ad. sk. San Christoial. .1. Brfwhley [P."". 
d. 
$ ad. sk. San Christoval (G. E. Nalvin-Godman Coll. 
Richards). 
e. Ad. sk. UgL 
Twe^ddale Coll 
14. Carpophaga rosacea. 
Columbarosacea, Temm. PL Col, 578(livr, 9^% 1835) fhpe examined); 
Prev.Sr K/ifp, Pig. ii. pi. 84 (1833-43); M'till. VerhandL Land-en 
Voffeenk. p. 159(1^39-44). 

Carpophasra 
rosacea, G. R. Gr. Litf of Gallmre Brit. Mus. p. 6 
{1844): id. Gen, B. ii. p. 4(19, n. 15 (1844); Cass. Pr. Ac. Xat. 8c. 
PMlad. 1854, p. 227: G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Oolumbae, 

p. 17 (1856); Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 4$r> • id. Ibis, mi% p. 3811, 
n. 62; 8cMeg. K T. IX iii. pp. 201, 315 (1W3): Finsch, New 
Gum. p. 177 (1865); ? Blt/th, Ibis, 1870, p. 173 (Timor); Gieh. 
Thes. Orn. I p. 588 (1872); Srhleq. Mm. P.-B. Culumb*, p. 87 
(1873); 8ahad. Ami. Mm. Ch\ Gen. lx. p. 200, n. 42 (1870); 
Cab. fy Rchnw. J. f. O. 1876, p. 325; Roienb. Mat ay. Areliip. 
p. 371 (1879); 8afrad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen.xiv.y. 660 (1870); 
id. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 80 (im2): Schf. P. Z. S.1883, pp. ftl7 
195, 200 (Timorlaut); Forbe*, P Z. 8. 1884, p. 433; Trktr. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 42 (1889) (Timor); 8alvad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) 
xlii. p. m (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 182) (1891). 
Ducula rosacea, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 36 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 
xxxix. p. 1075 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 93 (18^); id. Coup dceil 
OrdrePig.-pp. 16, 55, n. 93 (1855); Rchnb. Tttul>ent i. p. 115, 
n. 286, r. 228.f. 1275 (1S62); G. R. Gr. HandAi*t, ii. p. 230, 
n. 9197 (1870); Wahl. Tr. Zool Sac. viii. p. 84 (1872); Meyer, 
Ibis, 1879, p. 130; Ilein. Sr Rchnw. Norn end. Mns. JSein. Orn. 
p. 282 (1890). 
15 . CARPOPHAGA. 
199 

Carpophaga cineracea, Rosenh. (nee Trmm.) Reis naar Zuidoostereit. 

p. 81 (1867); id. Malay. Archip. pp. 371, 372 (1870). 
Adult. Head pale vinous, whitish, on the frontal edge ; neck pale 
grey; back greyish bronze-green: longer upper tail-coverts brighter 
metallic green: breast and abdomen pale vinous, like the head; 
under tail-eoverts chestnut; quills underneath dark grey; under 
-wing-coverts grey; tail above dull metallic green, below greyish 
brown: "bill lead-colour, rel at base above; iris and e}Telids red, 
orbits bare, pale lead-colour (!); feet pink-red" ( Wallace). Length 
17-68-16-11 inches, wing 9-43-9-23, tail 6-48-6-09, biU 074 0-
70, tarsus 1-06-1-02. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah. Timor Group—Timor, Flores, Wetter, Kisser, Lettie; 
Tenimber Islands, Xe Islands, Halmahera, and Celebes. 

a. Ad. sk. Timor. 
Ley den Museum [PA 
b. $ ad. sk. E. Timor (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
c. Juv. sk. E. Timor. 
Wallace Coll. 
4, e,f. 
? ad. et Timor. Wallace Coll. 
ad. sk. 

q. Ad. sk. Timor (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Flores ( Wallace). Seebohm Coll. 
i, k. cT $ ad. sk. Tenimber IsL, Sept. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[0.} 

/, m. £ $ ad. sk. Tenimber Isl., Sept. (E. O. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Forbes). 

n. 
J ad. sk. Tenimber IaL, Sept. (E. 0. Tweeddale Coll. 
Forbes). 
o. <$ ad. sk. Dammar IsL, Banda Sea, Nov. P. W. Bassett-Smith, 
Esq. [0.1 
p. Ad. sk. Celebes. 
Wallace Coll. 
q. J ad. sk. Makassar. 
Wallace Coll. 
r. Ad. sk. Makassar ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. [New Guinea] (von Rosenberg). Tweeddale Coll. 
15. Carpophaga perspicillata. 
Columba perspicillata, Temm. PL Col. 246 (livr. 42, 1825) (type 
examined); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 286 (1826); Desm. Diet. 
JSc. Nat. xl. p. 311 (1820); WagL Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 13 
(1827); fZess. Tr. cTOrn. p. 469 (1831); id. Compl. de Buff., 
Oh. viii. p. 86 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 293 (1838). 

Carpophaga perspicillata, 
G.R. Or. Gen. B. ii.p. 468, n. 14(1844); 
Blyth, Cat B. Mus.A. S. B. p.232, n. 1403 (1849); Bp. Consp. ii. 

p. 33 (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxlx. p. 1074 (1854), xl. p. 217, 
n. 84 (1855); id. Coup d?mil Ordr. Big. pp. 14, 55, n. 84 (1855); 
Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Bhilad. 1854, p. 230 ; Bp. Compt Rend, xliii. 
p. 835 (1856); id. Icon. P.g. pi.45 (1857); G. R. Gr. P. Z. S.1860, 
p. 360 (part), 1801, p. 437; Wall. Ibis, 1861, p. 290; Rchnb. 
Tauben. i. p. 119, t. 231. ff. 1291-92 (1862); Finseh, Neu-Guin. 
p. 177 (1865); Schleg. N. T. D. iii. pp. 194, 344 (1865); G. R. Gr. 
Rand-list, ii. p. 228, n. 9197 (1870) j Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 587 
(1872); Schleg. Mm.P.-B, Columba*, p. 89 (1873)j Soma, Mus. 
200 
TEEEOKIB-S. 

Kac. List. Culumbse, p. 10 
(1873); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. 

p. 216 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen.xii. p. 789 (1875), viii* 
p. 382 (1876), ix.p. 201, n. 45 (1876); Peh. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 
3876, p. 719; JRosenb. Malay. Arehip. p. 407(1878-79); Salvad* 
Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 91 (1882); Pleske, Bull. Acad. Pitersb 
xxix. p. 535 (1884) (Ternate); Tmtr. Cat. Coll B.^.42 (1889); 
Seine fy Ptcfinw. Nomencl. Mus. Sein. Orn. p. 281 (1890) (Xew 
Guinea!); Salvad. Mem. It. Ac. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 56 (Ago. Dm 
Pap. e Mol p. 182) (1891). 
Carpophaga perspicillata, Tar., Wall P. Z. S. 1803, p. 33. 

Carpophaga temminckii, 
Wall. Ibis, I860, p. 384, n. 54; id J. f 0 
I860, p. 280, n. 54; G. It. Gr. Sand-list ii. p. 226, n. 9173 
(1870). 

Adtdt. Head and neck dark slate-cinereous; frontal edge, chin, 

and ring round the eyes white; hind part and sides of the neck 

metallic green, like the back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and upper 

wing-coverts; some feathers of these parts hare blue reflections • 

primaries slate-blue, secondaries metallic blue-green ; quills under


neath dark grey; under wing-coverts paler grey, like the breast, 

abdomen, and under tail-coverts; tail above dark steel-blue, under


neath brown-black : bill bluish horn, red at base above; feet dull 

purple-red : airis deep brown-oliveJ? (Wallace). Total length 18 

inches, wing 10*22-9-82, tail 7*07-6-68, bill 0*98-0*94, tarsus 

1*29. 

A specimen in the Museum of Turin, from unknown locality, has 

the hind neck and the upper parts much more grAden than "those 

from Halmahera, and most likely deserves to be specifically sepa


rated ; its dimensions also are smaller. 

Hal. Halmahera Group, Batchian, and Bourn. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Batchian. Wallace Coll. 
(One of the types of C iemmincld, Wall.) 
b. Ad. sk. Batchian (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Batchian. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Bouru IsL Wallace Coll. 
(One of the types of C. Ummincki^ Wall.) 
e. <$ ad. sk. Bouru IsL (Wallace). * Gould Coll 
/ . Ad. sk. Bouru Isl. ( Wallace). Seebohm Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Bouru Isl. (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Bouru Isl. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I £ ad. sk. Bouru M., Dec. (S. O. Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
k. 2 ad. sk. [Waigiou.] 
Wallace Coll. 
16. Carpophaga neglecta. 
Carpophaga perspicillata, G. M. Gr. (nee. Temm.) List Gaflina B. M. 
p. 6? (1844); id. List B. Brit. Mm. Columbae, p. 18(1856) 
(Amboina) j id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 360 (part.) * Wall. Ibis, 1860, 
p. 199,1865, p. 384, n. 53 - id. J.f. 0.1860, p. 280. 
Carpophaga neglecta, Schleg. N. T. D. ill. pp. 195, 344 (1865) (type 
examined) ; Kezct. Zool. Itecord, 1865, p. 122 (1866) ; G. M. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 228, n. 9171 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. L p. 086 
(1872); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columb®, p. 90 (1873) j Wald. Tr. 

15 . CARPOPHAGA. 
201 

Zool. Soc. ix. -p. 216 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii 

p. 789 (1875), ix. p. 201, n. 46 (1876); Lenz, J. f. 0.1877, p. 377; 
JRosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 371 (1878-79); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e 
Mol iii. p. 93 (1882); Bias. P. Z S. 1882, p. 709 (Geram); Meyer, 
-Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. Isisf 1884, Abh. i. p. 51; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. 
Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 06 (Agg. Orn. Tap. e Mol p. 182) (1891). 
Adult male. Head and neck grey, slightly darker on the hind 
neck, paler on the breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts; throat 
and abdomen very slightly tinged with reddish or pale vinons; 
frontal edge and a ring round the eyes white; grey colour of the 
hind neck not sharply denned from the metallic-green colour of the 
back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and upper wing-coverts; some 
feathers of these parts have blue reflections; quills, except the 
tertials, greyish blue; tertials metallic green; quills underneath 
grey; under wing-coverts pale grey; tail above slate-blue, below 
dark grey : " bill lead-colour, red at base above; iris dark; feet 
purple" (Wallace). Length 18-86 inches, wing 10*60, bill 1*061*
02, tarsus 1*33. 

Hah. Amboyna Group—Ceram, Amboyna, and Boano. 

a. 2 ad. sk. Amboyna ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. St. Amboyua. Leyde Museum
.eyden 
nn 

c, d. S ad. et Wai, Amboyna, June (H. O. Salvin-Godman Coll.

alvin-G

u 
av. sk. Forbes). 
e. sk. Ceram. Wallace Coll. 
f. Ad. sk. Ceram (Wallace). Gould Coll. 


Ad. 6k. E. Ceram ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 

h. Ad. sk. [Waigiou] (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
17. Carpophaga pickeringL 
Carpophaga senea. Peak (nee Linn.) U.S. Expl JSxped., Zool. p. 198 
(1848) (Mangsi); Marti. Archivf, Naturg. 1852, p. 115 (part.). 
Carpophaga pickeringii, Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. vii. p. 228 
(Mangsi) (1854); Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 835 (1856); Cass. 
Tin. St. JSxpi. Bxp. 2nd ed. p. 267, pi. xxvii. (1858) ; Rchnb. 
Tauben, ii. p. 184, Novit. SuppL t. vi. f. 72 (1862); Wald. Tr. 
Zool Soc. ix. p. 215 (1875); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc, Zool. i. p. 353 
(1878) ;Jd. P. Z. S. 1879? p. 316; Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 379 
(1881) ; Guilhm. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 248, 270 (Sulu IsL), 418,420 
(Cagayan Sulu); Bmrett, Ibis, 1888, p. 282; id. Journ. Str. Br. 

B. As. Soc. 1889, p. 195; Bias. J.f. 0.1890, p. 138. 
Carpophaga chalybura, part., G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 228, n. 9196 
(1870). 
Carpophaga senea, part., Gieh. Thes. Orn. i. p. 583 (1872). 
Carpophaga everetti, Grant, Ann. $ Mag. N. H. (6) ii. p. 351 (1888) 

(Mantanani M.); id. Ibis, 1889, p. 58'2. 

Adult male. Head and underparts greyish vinous, changing into 
pure grey on the lower hind neck and upper mantle; frontal edge, 
a ring of feathers round the eyes, and chin whitish; back, rump, 
and wings greyish green (in some specimens with a slight brown 

202 
TREROXID-aS. 

tinge), with a metallic lustre in some lights; longer upper tail-
coverts and tail above metallic bottle-green : primaries mealy green, 
especially on the outer webs; under surface of the wings and of the 
tail grey; under tail-coverts grey, with a reddish tinge: " iris 
crimson*, bill light lead-grey ; feet dull crimson " (Everett). Total 
length about 16 inches, wing 9*5, tail 6'8, bill 0*78, tarsus 1*1. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Hah. llangsi, Mergalun, Ulantanani, and Sulu Islands, round the 
northern and XE . coast of Borneo. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Sulu Islands (H. Guillemard). Hun. W. Rothschild 
~P/\ 
h. J ad.sk. Mantanani. 
A.""HI Everett, Esq. 
18. Carpophaga cineracea. 
Columba cineracea, Temm. PL Col. 563 (livr.95, 183*1); Less. Compl. 
de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 41 (1837); id. op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 2M) (18:3»). 

Carpophaga 
cineracea, G. R. Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 409, n. IS (1844); 
Rchnh. Syn. Av. Columbari©, f. 1272(1^47); Wall. P. Z. S. 
1863, p. 486; id. Ibis, 18*5-5, pp. 38-1, 31b ; id. J. f. 0. 1860, 

p. 281; Gieh. Thes. Dm. i. p. 584 (1*7*2); Schley* Mm. P.-B, 
Columbse, p. 91 (1873); Trktr. Cat. Coil. B. p. 4i> (IS^ih. 
Ducula cineracea, Bp. Gmsp. Ai\ ii. p. 36 (l*v>4) ; id. Compt. Rend. 

xxxix. p. 1075 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 112 (l^~y")i; id. Coup (fctil 
Ordr. Pig. pp. 10, 55, n. 02 (1835); Rehuh. Tauhtmfi. p. 115. 
t. 228. £ 1272 (1862); G. R. Gr. Haml-Bt7 ii. p. 230, n. 9195 
(1870). 
Adult male. Head and hind neck ashy; hack and rump darker; 
wings, upper tail-coverts, and upper surface of the tail dark grey with 
an olive lustre; middle of the throat, fore neck, and breast vinous, 
changing into pale ochreous on the abdomen and tinder tail-coverts; 
the longest of the latter with a brownish tinge along the middle : 
primaries brown-grey, with a narrow ochreous edge on the outer 
web ; under wing-coverts grey; under surface of the quills brown-
grey with an ochreous lustre; under surface of the tail grey: " iris 
dark ; bill black; feet purplish black7T ( Wallace). Total length 
about 16*5 inches, wing 8\5, tail 7, bill 0*55, tarsus 1*05. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Young. Has the primary-coverts and the quills more broadly 

edged with rufous, and the tail-feathers tipped with the same 

colour. 

Hah. Timor. 

a. Ad. sk. Timor. Leyden Museum. 
b,c.2 ad.etjuv. E.Timor. Wallace Coll 
d. Ad. sk. Timor (A. R. Wallace). Salvin-Gudman Coll 
19. Carpophaga latrans, 
Carpophaga 
latrans, Peale, U.S. Rxpl Exped. p. 200, pi. 55 
(1848) f Hartl. Wietjm. Arcfr.f. Katurg. 1852, p. 116; id. J.f.O. 

15 . CAKPOPHAGA. 
203 

1854, p. 169; Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 229; Bp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 33 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1074 
(1854), xl. p. 217, n. 86 (1855); id. Coup oVmil Ordr. Big. 
pp. 15, bo, n. 88 (1855); Cass. Tin. St. Expl Exp. 2nd ed. p. 261, 
pi. xxvi. (1858); G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 42 (1859) : 
 *Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 120 (1862). ii. p. 184, Novit Suppl t. vi. 
if. 70,71 (ex Oassin) (1862); Eartl. Ibis, 1864, p. 232; Finsch 
8f Earth Faun. Centralpolyn. pp. 140, 279 (1867); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. 1. p. 585 (1872); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columtee, p. 91 (1873); 
Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbse. p. 10 (1873) ; E. L. Layard, 

P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 30, 430, 438; Layard, Ibis, 1876, pp. 138, 149, 
392 ; Cab. $ Rchmu. J.f. 0. 1876, p. 325; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1877, 
p. 737 ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 102 (gizzard); Nehrh. J. f. 0. 
1879, p. 407 {egg) ; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 21; Finsch, Voy. Challenge 
Birds, pp. 51, 52, pi. xvii. (1881); Garrod, Voy. Chatteng., 
Birds, p. 152 (gizzard) (1881); Gadoio, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 329; 
Sclat List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 443 (1883); North, Pr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. (2) ii. p. 444 (1887) ; Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 42 
(1889); Rehma. J. f. 0. 1891, p. 122; Wiglesic. Aves Polynes. 
p. 53, n. 2(39 (1891). 
(Jarpophaga ochropygia, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 33 (1854) (Balaou); 
id. Compt Rend, xxxix. p. 1074 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 85 (1855); 
id. Coup d'osil Ordr. Pig. pp. 15, m, n. 85 (1855); G. R. Gr. 
Cat. B. Trop. IsL p. 52 (1859) ; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 119 (1862). 
Ducula latrans, G. R. Gr. Eand-list, ii. p. 230, n, 9199 (1870). 

Adult male. Head and neck ashy; occiput, throat, fore neck, 

and breast vinous grey; lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-

coverts light reddish fulvous or reddish buff: back and rump dark 

brown ; upper tail-coverts, upper wing-coverts, and scapulars glossy 

dark greyish brown ; primaries greyish black; secondaries brownish 

black, with a greyish tinge ; all the quills with the base of the 

inner webs rufous, most conspicuous seen from below; under wing-

coverts chestnut-rufous; tail above reddish brown or liver-brown, 

below much lighter: u bill black ; feet red-brown* iris blood-red " 

(Grilffe), or "purple-red; eyelids carmine-red" (Peale). Length 

about 16 inches, wing 10, tail 7'25, bill 1*1, tarsus 1*15. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Eab. Eiji Islands. 

a. S 
ad. sk. Savu Savu Bay, Vanua Levu, Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
Feb. (Dr. Smith). 
b,c. 
d % ad. sk. Ovalau, Nov., Dec. (E. L. Tweeddale Coll. 
Layard). 


d. <$ ad. sk. Ovalau, Oct. (E. L, Layard). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Levuka. 
J. Brenckley, Esq. 
/ . § a&-&k- Levuka, Sept, (i?.X. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
g, h. $ ad. et ad. B-eva, Viti Levu? March Tweeddale Coll. 

sk. (E. L. Layard). 
i,l\ 5 ad.sk. Kandavu. 'Challenger' E^p. 
/. tf ad. sk. Kandavu, Aug. (E. L. Lay- Tweeddale Coll. 

ard). 

m. 
Ad. st. Island of Matuku (F. M. Voyage of H.M.S. 
Rayner). i Herald.' 
204 
TBERONIDJE. 

20. Carpophaga zoese. 
Colnmba zoe*e, Less. Voy. Coo., Zool. i. p. 205, pi. 39 (1826) (tvpe 
Pre v. % Znip, Pig. pi. 3 (lb38-43). 

Oolumba zoe, Xess. Tr. d'Orn. p. 469 (1831). 

Carpophaga zoese, G\ 5 . 6-V. (?«z. B. ii. p. 469, n. 22 (1644); Wall. 

Ann. # J<%. JN~. IT. (2) xx. p. 476 (lb57); tfc/<rt. Jour. Pr. 

Linn. Soc. ii. p. 108, n. 14-5 (1856j; G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, 

pp. 186, 196; id. Cat. B. New Gum. pp. 4b, 61 (1S59) ; td. 

P. Z & 1559, p. 159, 1861, p. 437; Bosenb. Tin* naar Zw'doortereil. 
p. 49 (I860) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 5b* flb72j; Schley. 
Mm. P.-B. Columbae, p. 91 (1873); Sahad. «&• I/Alb. Ann. Mm. 
Civ. Gen. vii. p. 833 (1875), Lx. p. 201, n. 47 (ltftf), x, p. 159 
(lb77j; Sharpe, Jour. Linn. Soe.f Zoo!, xiii. p. 502 (1&77} ; 
JDJAlb. Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. x. 
pp. 18, 20 (1377); Sahad. P. Z. S. Ib78t p. 09: Bams. Pr. Linn. 
Soc. X. S. W. iii. p. 147, n. 291 1167^.. iv. p. 101, n. 160 (1879}; 
JRosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 371, 561 (1879); & Alb. cV Sahad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. xlv. p. 120 (1879); If Alb. Xuova Guin. pp. 310, 
582, 584, 5fc8(1880); Sahad. Voy. Chalhmg., Birds, p. b3 (1881); 
id. Orn. Pap. e MoL Iii. p. 94 (lbe2); Skarpe, Jour. Linn. Soc, 
Zool. xvi. p. 446 (lb&2); Guillem. P. Z. S. lb:>jT p. 050 ; Finsch 
Sr Meyer7 Zeitsehr. f. yes. Orn. 1SH>, p. 27; Meyer, ibid. p. 37 
(Kafu); Trixtr. Cat Coll. B. p. 43(lb*0); Sail ad. Ann. Mm. 
Civ. Gen. (2) x. p. b25 (1891); id. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xiiL 
p. 56 {Ayy. Orn. Pap. e MoL p. 182) (1*91}. 
Zoncenas zoea, 
 *Rchnb. Ai\ Syst. Xat. p. \\\i (1855) ; Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 37 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1076 (1854), 

xl. p. 217, n. 103 (1855) ; id. Coup d'ml Ordr. Pig. pp. 17, 55, 
n. 103 (1855); JRosenb. W. T. X L xxv. p. 249, n. 231 (1863); 
id. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 132, n. 231; G. B. Gr. Hand-fat ii. p. 230, 
n. 9205 (1870). 
Hemiphasra zoe«, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 114, t. 232. f. 1295 (lb02), 
ii. p. 182 (1862). 
Carpopbaga zolose, Finsch, Xeu-Guin. p. 178 (1665). 
Carpophaga zoea, Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 387, n. 72; id. J.f. 0.1866, 
p. 281, n. 72. 
Zoncenas zoese, Hei?i*fy. Bchnw. XomencL Mus. Jfein. Orn. p. 2b2 
(1890). 

Adult male. Head ashy, lighter 011 the throat; neck and upper 
breast vinous; upper back, scapulars, and upper wing-coverts 
chestnut with some green lustre; between the grey colour of the 
neck and the chestnut colour of the back an obscure metallic-green 
band; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts metallic green ; on 
the breast a narrow transverse black band, between the vinous 
colour of the upper breast and the grey colour of the lower breast 
and abdomen; tibial feathers, flanks, and vent chestnut, with 
whitish spots at the tip; under tail-coverts also chestnut, hut edged, 
especially at the tip, with whitish ; quills coppery green, the inner 
secondaries bright metallic green; quills below brown; under 
wing-coverts brown with green lustre; tail above metallic green, 


15 . CARPOPHAGA. 
205 

below chestnut: " bill black; orbits pale reddish ; iris white ; feet 
purple-red." Length 16*50-15*72 inches, -wing 8*77-8*50, tail 
5*50-5*10, bill 1*02-0-98, tarsus 1*10-1*02. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah* Papuan Islands—New Guinea, Jobi, Salawatti, and Ara 
Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Dorey (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
b, c, d.($ J ad. sk. Aru Is. Wallace Coll. 
e. Ad. sk Aru Is. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . tf ad. sk. Aru Is. < Challenger' Exp. 
(/. Ad. sk. Ply River (Broadbent). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k. Ad. sk. Fly River. 
Gould Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Xear Port Moresby (A Goldie). Salviu-Godman Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. " J. Broadbent, Esq. 
I Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 

m. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea {A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll * 
/3. PlILOCOLPA. 
Type. 

Ptilocolpa, Bp. Cotisp. At, ii. p. 34 (1854) * id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1074 (1854) C. griseipectus. 
Range* Philippine Islands. 

First primary much scooped on the inner web; inner primaries 
broad and obliquely cut at the tip as in Ducula; in colouring intermediate 
between CarpojpJiaga and Zonosnas. 

a. 
Crop-region ashy grey, edged above with whitish; 
breast and abdomen chestnut griseipectus7 p. 205. 
b. Crop-region coppery, overlaid with grey; breast 
and abdomen dull greyish chestnut carola, p. 206. 
21. Carpophaga griseipectus. 
Carpophaga pectoralis, G. R. G?\ List B. Bnt Mus. iii. Gallina, 
p. 7 (ad., Philippines) (1844) (descr. nulla) (nee Columbapectoralis, 
Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 740); Eartl. J. f. 0.1854, B. xlv. 1855, 
p. 98 (descr. princeps). 
* Dr. Meyer has separated the following subspecies :— 
Carpophaga zoeas orientalis, Meyer, Abh. u, Ber. Jcgl. Zool, Anthrop. 
Mm. Bresd. n. 2-4, p. 13 (1891) (Kaiser Wilhelmsland). 

Similar to O. zoece, from which it differs in the following points : the chin 
and throat pure white; the grey feathers lighter ; the pectoral band not pure 
black, but each feather with metallic-green bands; also on the mantle between 
the brown mantle and the vinous-grey neck there is a metallic-green band. 

Bab. Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, N.E. New Guinea. 

I doubt this form being truly distinct from C. zoern, as the specimens from 
Western New Guinea also show more or less the metallic-green band on the 
back. 

206 
TBEEONID-E. 

Carpophaga griseopectus, G. B. Gr.~Mvs.Brit. 1854 (fide Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 34, 1854); id. List B. Brit. Mm. Colunibae, p. 2*"> 
(1856) ; Wall. Ibis, 18(55, pp. 385, 398 ; id. J.f O. 1866; p. 281; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. oto (1872); &/*%. J/ws. P-P . Columbse, 

p. 88 (1873); Tribtr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42(1889 i. 
Ptilocolpa 
griseipeetus, Bp. Conbjp. Ai\ ii. p. 34. n. 2 (1S54); id. 
Compi. Bend, xxxix. p. 1075 (lt54), xl. p. 217, n. 88(1855); 
id. Coup dceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 15, 55, n. S8{l^ij; id. Icon. Big. 
pi. 51 (1857); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 231, n. 0226 (1870); 
Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. pp. 21(5, 251 (part ) (1&75): Sharpe, Tr. 
Linn. Soc, 2nd ser. Zool. I p. 353 (lb7U»; Tireedd. P Z. & 1878? 
pp. 937, 952 (Zaniboanga); id. Orn. Works, pp. 3M3, 412 (part.), 
028.643(1^81) ; Wardt.Bcnm. Tireedd. Orn. IfVKp. 659 (part.) 
(1881); Kutter, J. f. 0. lb6S, p. 315; JFarr//. Buirm. Ihi% 18-6; 

p. 160 (Manilla) ; Steere, list Bhilipp, B. p. 24 (1MJ0); Hem. \> 
Bchmc. Nomenel. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 2b3 (lb90; ; Hart erf, J. f. O. 
1891, p. 301. 
Ptilccalpa griFeipeetus, MeJmh. Tauhen, i p. 91 (1S&2 j , ii. p. 176, 

Xovit. SuppL t. iiL £ 30.^31 (18*12). 
Carpophaga (Ptilocolpa) griseipeetus Mart. J.f.O. 1*60, p. 24. 
Carpophaga, sp., Tiveedd. P. Z. S. lb7K, p. i'37. 

Adult. Head and Beck grey, paler, almost white, in front of the 
latter; hack and smaller npper wing-coverts grey, tipped with 
blackish spots, which have a green and coppery lustre ; the grey 
colour of the hack hlends into the green colour of the rump and 
basal upper tail-coverts, these feathers have coppery edges ; longer 
upper tail-coverts metallic green: crop-region pure grey; lower 
breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts ehe&tnut; tibial feathers 
and those of the vent fulvous white with chestnut tips ; sides grey 
with coppery lustre; greater upper wing-coverts metallic greyi&h 
green with coppery lustre, like the quills, which are brighter coloured; 
quills underneath brown ; under wing-coverts greyish metallic 
green; tail above shining blue-green, below brown, but the outer 
feathers lighter: " feet and bill red, the latter apparently with 
yellow tip" (Hartlatib). Length about 14 inches, wing 8*75, tail 
5*2, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*9. 

Hab. Philippine Islands—Luzon, Mindoro, and Mindanao. 

a, b. Ad. sk. et st. Philippine Is. Cuming Coll. 
c. Ad. f4c. Maiilla.
{Tvpes of species.) 
Guulci Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Manilla (Maitland-Herioi). Tweeddale Coll, 

22. Carpophaga carola. 
Carpophaga carola, Bp. in litt.; id. Camp. AD. ii. p. 34 (1854); 
G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columke, p. 22 (1850); Wall. Ibis, 
1865, pp. 385, 308; id. J.f.O. ltCC, p. 2bl. 
Ptilocolpa carola, Bp. Consp. AD. ii. p. 34, n. 1 (1854); id. CompL 
Bend, xxxix. p. 1075 (juv.) (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 87 (1855;; id. 
Coup dceil Ordre Big. pp. 15, 55, n. 87 (1855); id. CompL Bend. 

xli. p. 058 (1855), xliii. p. 835 (1856); G. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
15. CAEPOPHAGA. 
207 

p. 231, n. 9227 (1870) ; Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Colunibse, p. 10 
(1873). 
Ptilocalpa carula, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 91 (1862). 
Carpophaga (Ptilocolpa) carok, Mart J.f. 0. 1866, p. 24 
Ptilocolpa ariseipectus, Wold. Tr. Zool Soc. ix. pp. 216, 251 (part.) 

(1875); ^Ticeedd. Orn. Works, pp. 380, 412 (part.) (1881); Wardl. 
itams. Ticeedd, Orn. Works, p. 659 (part.) (1881). 

Adult. Head and neck grey ; throat whitish; the grey of the hind 
neck shading into the coppery colour of the rest of the upper parts, 
which besides show a slight tinge of grey, or have a mealy appearance 
; some feathers are bluish green at the tip ; the rump greener; 
longer upper tail-coverts metallic green, more or less bluish; crop-
region washed with grey, changing into chestnut, more or less greyish, 
on the breast and abdomen*. sides greenish grey, with some coppery 
lustre; vent and tibial feathers white; under tail-coverts cinnamon, 
the basal ones whitish; quills blackish, metallic green on the outer 
webs ; the tertials coppery ; under wing-coverts grey, with coppery 
green lustre• quills underneath brownish grey; tail above metallic 
green, more or less tinged with blue, underneath blackish, the outer 
feathers lighter, greyish: bill (in dry skin) yellowish with red base; 
feet probably carmine. Total length about 13*5 inches, wing 8*4, 
tail o'5, bill 0*68, tarsus 0*85. 

Young. Head and neck duller grey ; the back and the wings less 
coppery and more greenish; the crop-region not coppery, but 
greenish, and the breast and abdomen paler reddish chestnut. 

JJab. Manilla. 

The bird described above has been considered by some ornithologists 
to be the young of O. griseipectus, but as three of the specimens 
mentioned below do not show any signs of immaturity, I cannot 
agree to their being young birds; besides the supposed young biid 
has the crop-region of a fine coppery green, overlaid with grey, 
and this feature, together with the more coppery colour of the upper 
parts, makes me believe that it belongs to a distinct species, already 
named G. carola by Bonaparte * anyhow, the identity of O. carola 
with O. griseipectus, in my opinion, has still to be proved. 

a. Imm. st. Phillippine Is. Cuming Coll. 
b, c. d. Ad. et juv. sk. Manilla (Maitland-lleriot). Tweeddale Coll. 
y. Zo^OPHAPS. Type_ 
Zonophaps, Salvad. MS. C. foisteni. 
Range. Philippines, Celebes, Halmahera, and Papuan Islands. 

Upper parts metallic golden green, more or less coppery or purple; 
light band across the tail, either about the middle or at the tip; 
in more typical species first primary much scooped about the middle 
of the inner web. 

208 
TBEBOXID.3B. 

Key to the Spjecits. 

a. Grey tail-band about the middle. 
a', \ eck and crop-region golden green like the 
upper parts; the green colour sharply 
defined from the whitish breast and abdomen 
; first primary much scooped about the 
middle of the inner web. 


a". Larger: throat white; breast and abdomen 
nearly pure white fonteni, p. 208. 
b". Smaller: throat rufous-chestnut; breast 
vinous white ptJiucrphala, p. 20U. 

h\ 
Head and neck grey like the breast; lower 
hind neck deep blue and coppery led; 
outer three primaries much broadened 
about the middle of the inner web-radiata, p. 210. 

b. Grey tail-band subapical, a green one at the tip. Jimehi, p. 211. 
c. Grey tail-band apical. 
c'. Head entirely vinous. 
c". Tail above deep steel-blue basilica^ p. 211. 
d". Base of tail above dull purple r*tfit entm, p. 212. 

d'. 
Head above and on the sides a&hy <jrre\, like 
the hind neck chalconota, p. 213. 

23. Carpophaga forsteni. 
Columba forsteri (en-ore pro forsteni), Temm. (nee Wagl). MS.; 
Knip # PrSv. Pig. IL pi. 47 (lfc3S-4«K 

Carpophaga forsteri, 6% P. Or. (nee Wat/I.) Gen. IJ. ii. p. 469, n. 17 
(1844);' Cms. Pr. Ac. yat Sc. Philad. Ib54, p. 2£U {Celebes) (svn. 
emend.); Wall. J.f.O. 186*1, p. 281. 

Carpophaga albigularis. G. P. Or. (ubi'r) tide Bp. Cvmpt. Bend, xxxix. 

p. 1077 (1854). 
Hemiphaga 
forsteni. Pp. Conttp. Ai\ ii. p. 30 (18541; id. Compt. 
Pend. xxxix. p. 1077 (le?o4), xl. p. 217, n. 108 (1855), xE p. (358 
(1855); id. Coup dJceil Ordre Pig. pp. 17, 55, n. 10b (1<>5); G. P. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 231, n. 9224 fl 570) ; Wald. Tr. ZooL Sac. viii. 

p. 84 (1872); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Ge/i. viL p. 072 (1877); 
Zenz, J. f. O. 1877, p. :i79; Met/en Ibis, lb79, pp. 6B7 137; 
Ticeedd. Orn. Works, p. 1&4 (l&fcl); Bins. J. f. O. 1*53, p. 130; 
Hem. 4* Pchnw. yamend Mus. Ilei/i. Orn. p. 2^3 (lb'JO). 
Carpophaga forsteni, G. P. Gr. list B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, p. 22 
(1850); Wall. Ibis, 1860, p. 141,1865, pp. 3fc7, SOS: Fmseh, Xeu-
Gum. p. 178 (IbCo); Gieb. 17ws. Orn. i. p. 5^4 (1872|; Sehteg. 
Mus. P.-B. Columbae, p. 93 {1873); Posmk Malay, Archip. p. 275 
(1878) ; Tristr. Cat. Coil B. p. 42 (18*0). 

Hemiphaga forsteri, Bp. Compt. Pend. xliii. p. 830 (1856). 
Zonoanas forsteni, PeJmb. Tmiben, i. p. 113 (1802), ii. p. 204* t. v. 


f. 61 (1862). 
Zonoenas forsteri, Pchnh. Tauben, ii. p* 182 (1802). 
Adult male. Head grey, almost wbite on the forehead, and washed 
with green on the hind part; throat white; neck, breast, and upper 
parts splendid golden green, with a bronze tinge on the hind neck; 
interscapular region tinged with mealy brown chestnut; breast and 

15 . CARPOPHAGA. 
209 

abdomen white; sides of the breast green ; flanks grey; under tail-
coverts chestnut; first two primaries black, the remainder also 
black, but with the outer webs and tips metallic green; under 
wing-coverts green, under surface of quills blackish brown; tail 
metallic green above, blackish below, with a broad grey band across 
the middle part: u bill black ; orbits and feet deep red; iris orange-
yellow " (Wallace). Total length about 19 inches, wing 9*5, tail 7*8, 
bill 0*95, tarsus 1*25. 

Female. Similar to male. 

Hab. North Celebes. 

a Ad. sk. Celebes Leyden Mnseuni [P.]. 
?;, c. <$ S ad. sk. Tondano, N. Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
cl Ad.sk. Celebes (Wallace). Gould Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll 
/'. Ad. sk. Celebes. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
'g. Skel. Menado. Dr. A. B. Meyer [C.]. 
24. Carpophaga poliocephala. 
Carpophaa-a poliocephala, G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. iii. Gallinte, 
p. (5 (Philippines) (lb44) (descr. nulla); G. B. Gr.Sf Mitch. Gen. B. 
ii. p. 469, n. 30, pi. 119(1844); Rchnb. %n. Av. Columbaria*, 
f. li>98 (1847); Hartl J. f. O. 1854, B. lxv. 1855, p. 97 (descr. 
prineeps) ; G. B. Gr. List B. Brit Mus. Columke, p. 22 (185(3) ; 

Wall Ibis, 1805, pp. 3S7? 398; id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 281; Gieh. 

Thes. Orn. i. p. 587 (1872); ScMeg. Mus. B.-B. Columb», p. 92 

(1*73); Triatr. Cat Coll B. p. 42 (1889); Eein. $ Rchnb. Nomenel 

3Ius. Eein. Orn. p. 283 (1890). 

Zoncenas poliocephala, Rchnb. Ad. Sust. Nat. p. xxvi (1852): id. 

Tauben, i. p. 112, t 233. f. 1298 (1862). 

Heirtipkaora poliocephala, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 39 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 1077 (1854), xl. £. 217, n. 105 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Or dr. Big. pp. 17, 55, n. 105 (1855); id. Compi. Rend. xli. 

p. G58 (1855), xliii. p. 836 (1856); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 231, 
n. 9223 (1870); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lhb. Columbre, p. 11 (1873J; 
Wald. Tr. Zool Soc. ix. pp. 217,253 (1875); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc. 
(2), Zool i. pp. 347, 353 (1876) (Negros); Ttoeedd. P. Z. S. 1878, 
pp. 113 (Dinagat), 952 (Mindanao); id. Orn. Works, pp. 381, 412, 
573, 643 (1881) ; Wardl. Bams. Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 659 
(1881); Steere, List Bhilipp. B. p. 24 (Mindanao, Basilan, Masbate) 
(1890). 

Carpophaga forsterii, part., Cass. Br. Ac. Xat. So. Philacl. 1854, p. 231. 
Carpophaga (Hemiphaga) poliocephala, Mart. J. f. 0.1866, p. 24. 

Adult male. Upper parts, with wings, neck, and breast, golden green; 
head grey, lighter on the forehead and cheeks, tinged with vinous 
on the hind part and nape; throat rufous chestnut; breast white, 
washed with vinous; lower abdomen, flanks, and under tail-eoveits 
cinnamon; primaries blackish brown, with the outer webs and tips 
dark metallic green; under wing-coverts bronze-green, under surface 
of quills blackish brown ; tail metallic green above, brown-black 
underneath, with a broad grey band towards the apical third: " bill 
black ; orbital skin crimson ; iris Indian yellow, passing into red on 

VOL. XXI. p 

210 TEEROZHIDJE. 

outer ring; feet carmine J? (Everett). Total length about 13*5 inches, 

wing 8*& tail 6, bill 0*85, tarsus 1-1. 
Female. Similar to the male. 
Hah. Southern Philippine Islands—Xegros, Dlnagat, Mindanao, 

Basilan. 
a. Ad. st.
b. P ad. sk.
c~ff> d 2 ad. sk. 
Philippine Is. 
Binagat, June (A. H.
Everett). 
Zamboan^ra. lEarck, April(A. H.Everett). 
Cuming' Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

25. Carpophaga radiata. 
Columba radiata, Quoy §• Gaim. Toy. Antral., Zool. L p. 244, pi. 28 
Car 

1 

p. 178 (1805); Wall. Ibt\ 1803, p. :iS7; id. J.f.O. lnWn p. L>81 ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 58b (1672); tichky. Mm. P.-B. Colun»b*e, p. 53 
(1873); Briiggem. Abh. Nafvnc. Ver. Brew. v. p. dj (lh70) (Sanghir); 
lioseiib. Malay. Arc/dp. p. 275 (lh7^}; Gtulltm. P. Z. K l^o, 
p.557 (TahVse LI.) ; Bkm. ZeiUehr.f (Lye*. Orn. 1^5?p.;j07; id. 
J.f 0.1885, p. 403; id. Onus, iv. p. t»17 (l^b-j. 
Zonaenas radiata, Bp. Consp. Ai\ ii. p. 3b I lN"4). 
Zoncenas radiata, Bp. Compf. Bend, xxxix. p. 1070 (lfc54), xl. p. 217, 
n. 102 (1855); id. Coup (Vail Ordre Piy. pp. 17, 55, n. 102 (1855)* 
Bclmb. Tauben, i. p. 112, t. 230. f. 12,-7 f lb62j; G. M. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 230, n. 9207 (1870); Wald. Tr. Zcml Sue. viii. p. 84 
(1872); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, pp. 135,136, U7 ; Tiveedd. Orn. Works, 
p. 184 (1881); Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. Ms, lbMf Abb. i. p. 0. 
Carpopbaga gularis [errure), Brilyyem. Alii. Naturw. Ver. Brem. v. 
p. 101 (1876). 
Adult male. Head, neck, and breast grey, lighter on the forehead 
and throat; hind neck deep' purple-blue, changing into coppery 
purple lower down; rest of the upper parts golden green, more or 
less with a coppery tinge on the back; lower abdomen grey washed 
with chestnut; under tail-coverts chestnut or cinnamon ; primaries 
blackish, with the outer webs dark blue edged with green; under 
surface of the wing dark green, the under wing-coverts with a green 
lustre; tail above green, underneath blackish brown, above and . 
below with a grey band about the middle ; u Mil olive-green, "black 
at tip; orbits greenish; iris orange; feet coral-red/ (Wallace). 
Total length about 15 Inches, wing 8, tall 6, bill 0*8. ,. -• 

Female. Like the male. ** ' 

Hah. Celebes and Sanghir Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Menado. Wallace Coll. 
a. (S ad. sk. Tondano. Wallace Coll. 
d. 2 ad. sk. Macassar. Wallace Coll. 
e. Ad, sk. Macassar (A. B. Wallace). Gould Coll. 
15 . O1BP0PEA.GA. 
211 

26. Garpophaga finschi. 
Garpophaga 
finschii, Bayns. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 129 
(3 NOT. 1881); Tristr. Ibis71882, p. 144, n. 80; Bams. Ibis, 1882, 
p»473; Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 428, n. 0 (1882); ui. 
Om. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 558; Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. & £F. \ii. 

p. 43 (1882j ; zW. Journ. Linn, Soc, Zool. xvii. p. 25 (1888); 
ifc/wtt?. $• ScJiL J.f. 0. 188:3, p. 40-3; Sharps in Gould's B. New 
Gum. pt. xvii. pi. 2 (18*4); &rta</. Jtfrwi. B. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. 57 (^. 0™. Pap. e Mol. p. 183) (1891). 
Adult male. "Above dark grass-green from the middle of the 
back to the upper tail-eoverts, many of the feathers coppery 
or golden green, the lower mantle and upper back reddish or 
coppery; wing-coverts green "with an emerald appearance, the 
lesser series washed with coppery like the middle of the back; 
bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, externally 
marked with deep indigo, which is glossed with bronzy green, 
especially on the secondaries; tail-feathers deep blue for their 
basal half, succeeded by a broad band of ashy grey, which is again 
succeeded by a narrow bar of black, leaving a broad terminal band 
of green; entire head, hind neck, and upper mantle clear blue-grey, 
the base of the forehead and lores washed with pale rosej feathers 
above and below the eyes creamy white, purer white underneath 
the latter; ear-coverts pale rosy, extending on to the sides of under 
crown; cheeks and throat also pale rosy; lower throat, fore neck, 
and chest a little deeper rosy pink, with a slight bloom of blue-grey 
pervading the lower throat and also the sides of the neck, scarcely 
developed at all on the fore neck and chest; remainder of under 
surface from the brea&t downwards deep orange or brick-red, rather 
more intense on the under tail-co^erfcs; under wing-coverts dark 
slaty grey, the feathers being dusky, edged with the latter colour ; 
axillaries like the breast; edge of wing washed with green and 
blue; greater under coverts and quills below dusky slate-colour. 
Total length 13*5 inches, wing 8-3, tail 4*5, bill 0*95, tarsus 1-1." 

(Sharpe.) 
Hob. New Ireland. 

27. Garpophaga basilica. 
Columba basil is, Temm. Mus. Lugd. 
Garpophaga basilica, Sundev. in Hit. (Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 35,1834) ; 
Bp. Compt. Rendus. xliiL p. 836 (1856) j Wall. Ibis, 1805, p. 385, 

n. 59; id. J. f. O. I860, p. 281, n. 59; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 584 
(1872); Schieg. Mus. P.-B. Colunitoe, p. 90 (1873); Bosenb. Beist. 
naar Geelvinkb. p. 7 (1875); Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. viL 
p. 790 (1875), ix. p. 201, n. 48 (1376); Bosenb. Malay. Archip. 
p. 407 (1879); Salmd. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 96 (1882); Pleske, 
Bull. Acad. Petersb. xxix. p. 535 (1884) (Ternate); Guillem, 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 575 (Batchian); Salmd. Mem. B. Ac. 8c. Tor. 
(2) xlii. p. 56 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 182) (1891). 
Ducula basilica, Bp. Chn*p. Av. ii. p. 35 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 
xxxix. p. 
1076 (1854), xL p. 217, n. 95 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil 
p 2 
212 
TEERO>~H)-£. 

Ordr. Pig. pp. 16, 55, n. 95 (1855); id. Comjpt Bend, xliii, p. 836 
(1856); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columba*, p. 10 (1873;; Seine fy 
Bchmc. Fomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 282 (1890) (Xew Guinea!;. 
Columba ba ilica, Bckleg. HandL Dierk. i. pp. 409, 480, Tog. pi. y. 

f. 65 (1857). 
Carpopbaga (Ducula) basalR G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. I860, p. SCO. 
Ducula basilis, Bchib. Tavhen, I. p. 115 (1^62*. 
Carpophasa basileus, Finsch, yeu-Guin. p. 177 (1865). 
Ducula basalica, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, II. p. 330, n. 9196 (1^70). 
Carpopbaga basilis, Pet. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Witn, 1876. p. 719. 
Carpopbaga basalica, Prist r. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (Ib^Uj. 
Ducula basalica, Hein. &f Bcfauc. Xomtncl. Mus. Hein. Qm. p. 282 
(1890). 

Advlt. Head, neck, and upper breast pale vinous: hind neck 
asby; back, ramp, upper tail-coverts, and upper wing-coverts 
metallic bronze-green; lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-
covert uniform pale cinnamon ; primaries steel-blue; secondaries 
metallic green on tbe outer web, steel-blue on the Inner one; quills 
below slate-grey, under wing-coverts brown with bronze-green 
lustre; tail above steel-blue, with a broad grey apical band, below 
dark grey, with a light grey apical band : '• bill dusky lead-colour; 
iris dark red; feet coral-red: eyelids red" (WaVac* U Length 
about 16*5 inches, wing 8*64. tail 5\3, bill O-ft, tarsus 1*25. 

Hah. Halmahera group—Halmabera, Tenmte, Morty, Batcbian, 

and Obi Islands. 
a-d. <$ ad. et ad. sk. Batcblan. "Wallace C\,1L 
e. Ad. sk. Batcbian (Wallme). Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Batcbian. ' Salvin-Godinan Coll. 

28. Carpopbaga rxifiventris. 
Columba rofiga^er (I). Q. & G. Vog. Adml p. 245, pi 27 (1830) 
(type examined); Lest, CompL de Buff., Ok. viii. p. bi) {1837); id. 
op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 293 Ut^M : Prer. $• Knip, Pig. pi, 9 (lb&M3). 

Carpopbaga rufigaster, 
G. B. Gr, Gen. B. II. p. 46iJ, n. 24 (1844); 
Sclat. Juurn, Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 146 iViZS); G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 196, 1859, p. 15U; id. Cat. B. Xeir Gum. pp. 48, 61 
(1859); id. P. Z. S. 1*01, p. 437; Wall, Ibis, m\5f p. 387, n. 73; 
Fimch, Keii-Guin. p. 17b (1MJ5); Wall. J. /. O. 18Wt p. 281, 

n. 73; Gieb. Thes. Dm. I. p. 5bb flb72); SMeg. Mim. P.-B. 
Colunibse, p. 97 (1873); Salvad. Ann. 31us. Cit. Gen. YL p. 88 
(1874); Hams. Pr. Lum. Soc. X. S. W. ill. p. 292 (1878). 
Zoncenas 
rufigaster, Beknh Ai\ Sgsi. Xat p. xxu (1852); Bp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 38 (1854); id. Cmupt. Bend, xxxix. p. 1070 
(1854), xl. p. 217, n. 104 (1855); id. Chup cfceil Ordr. Piq. 
pp. 17, 55, n. 104 (1855); Bosenb. X. T. X. I. xxv. p. 240, n. 232 
(1863); id. J. f. O. Ib04, p. 132, n. 232; G. B. Gr. Hand-list ii. 

p. 230, n. 9208 (1870). 
Hemiphaga rufigastra, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 114, t. 232. £ 1206 
(1802), ii. p. 182 (1862). 
Carpopbaga 
rufhentris, Sal cad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. viL p. 790 
(1875), ix. p. 201, n. 49 (1870), x. p. 159 (1877); D%Alb.% Sakad, 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 120 (1&79); Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. X. & 
TV. iv. p. 101, m 161 (1870); If Alb. Xuom Gum, pp. 528, 582f 

1-5. CARPOPHAGA. 

213 

588 (1879); Xehrk. J. f. 0. 1885, p. 34 (Waigiou); Gmllem. 

P. Z. S. 1885, p. 660 ; Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. 57 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 183) (1891). 
Oarpophaga, nov. sp. (!), D'Alb. 8\jdn. Mail, 1877, p. 218; id. Ann, 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 20 (1877). 
Oarpophaga rutigula (errore), Bernst. {nee SalvadX Dagboeh, p. 139 
(Sorong) (1883). 
Oarpophaga rutigastra, Prist r. Cat Coll. B. p. 43 (1889); Hartert, 
Eat. Vogelsamml. p. 189 (1891). 
Zonoenas rufiventris, Heine fy Rchnw. Nomeml. Mus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 282 (1890). 
Adult male. Head and neck pale vinous, whitish round the 
eyes ; hind neck ashy; back and rump metallic green with coppery 
reflections, which become purple on the rump; upper tail-coverts 
metallic purple; breast cinnamon, which gradually merges into the 
light fulvous or isabelline colour of the abdomen and under tail-
coverts ; wings metallic bronze-green, with coppery reflections on 
the smaller wing-coverts; primaries dull bronze-green; quills 
below brown; under wing-coverts cinnamon; tail above brown-
purple with a broad grey apical band, below brown with a broad 
grey apical band : " bill black; iris, eyelids, and feet red**' ( Wallace). 
Length 13*5 inches, wing 7, tail 4*5, bill 0-9Q-0-78, tarsus 
1-14-1*00. 
Female. Like the male. 
Hah. New Guinea and the Western Papuan Islands—Vaigiou, 
Salawatti, Mysol, and Jobi. 
Jobi specimens should probably be separated, as they have the 
vinous colour of the head and neck darker, and the upper tail-
coverts of a lighter coppery purple. 

«, b. Ad. sk. N.W. New Guinea. Salvin-Godmaa Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. New Guinea. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Dorey. 
Wallace Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Salawatti, July (von Rosenberg), Gould Coll. 
/ . cJ ad. sk. Salawatti, July (von Rosenberg). Tweeddale Coll. 
//. $ ad. sk. Waigama, Mysol, Aug. (von Ro- Tweeddale Coll. 
senberg). 
h, i. Ad. sk. Mysol. Wallace Coll. 

k. Ad. sk. Mysol [Wallace). Gould ColL 
I Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea. K. Hunstein [0.]. 
m. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. 
Ad. sk. Vicinity of Port Moresby (A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Goldie). 
o. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. 
A. Goldie, Esq_. [C.]. 
29. Oarpophaga chalconota. 
Oarpophaga 
chalconota, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vi. p. 87 
(1874), vii. p. 790 (1875); JBecc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 
(1875); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 641; 8ahad. Ami. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. ix. p. 202, n. 50 (1876), x. p. 159 (1878); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 

iii. p. 793 (1877); D'Alb. Nuova Guin. p. 582 (1880); Sahad. 
Om. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 100 (1882); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 660 j Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 57 (Agg. Orn. 
JPap.eMol.-p.183) (1891). 
214 
TBEROyiDJE. 

Adult male. Upper part and sides of the head, sides and hind 
part of the neck ashy: back, rump, and basal upper taii-coverfs 
metallic green, with the edges of the feathers coppery; longer 
upper tail-coverts metallic bronze-green; throat, fore neck, and 
breast vinous reddish, blending into the cinnamon colour of the 
abdomen, flanks, and tibial feathers ; vent whitish, with the tips of 
the feathers cinnamon; under tail-coverts cinnamon, more or less 
brown on the hidden part; wings metallic bronze-green ; primaries 
brown, but steel-blue towards the base of the outer web ; secondaries 
steel-blue, edged with metallic green on the outer web ; 
tertials almost entirely metallic green ; quills underneath brown ; 
under wing-coverts cinnamon ; tail above steel-blue, with a dark 
grey apical band, below greyish brown with tbe apical band lighter : 
^bill black; feet dark purple; iris redv {UAV»rti<). Length 
16-11 inches, wingJWTT tail o-Sy, bill OS6\ tar*u* 01^ . 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Ilab. Ariak Mountains, Xew Guinea. 


fi.Ad.sk 2s.%V. New Guinea. Salvin-Godman CM1. 

Drctn. 

ype. 

Ducula, Hodf/s. As, Research™\ xix. p. 100 (1 ^vu ; id, in 
.Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 8-5 (lb44); id. J. A. #. B. xs.lv. 


p. 560 (IS-JO) 0. m^iits, 
Hinopus, Hodf/8. J. A. S. B. x. pt. 1, p. 2b i Wl M = Ducula). 
Hhinopus, Jlodt/s. in Gray s Zool. Misc. p. bo (1S44 i; vL 


J. A. S. B. xxiv. p. oSO (1655;. 
Range. From India, through the Burmese countries and the 
Malay Peninsula to the Sun da Islands. 

Tail rather long, with a broad light band at the tip; inner 
primaries broad to the tip, which is cut obliquely, with a prominent 
point formed by the tip of the shaft. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Under tail-coverts chestnut: back liverbrowm 
with no purple tinge; head grey: 
throat reddish vinaceous ....".... lacernulata, p. 2L5. 
h. Under tail-coverts whitish buff; throat white. 
a\ Back liver-brown, with no purple tinge; 
breast rather deep vinaceous cuprea, p. 1*15. 
b\ Back liver-brown, with a slight purple 
tinge. 
a'. Upper part of the head and cheek* 
vinaceous, sometimes with a slight 
grey tinge ^.. imipnw, p. 210. 

b". Upper part of the head and cheeks grey. yriseicapiUa, p. 217. 
c'. Back and upper wing-coverts deep purple-
chestnut badm, p. 218 

15 . CA.RPOPHAGA. 
215 

30. Carpophaga lacerinilata. 
Columba lacernulata, Temm. PL Col 194 (livr. 28, 1823); Stepk 
Gen. Zool. xiv. 1, p. 281 (1826); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 317 
(1826) ; Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 16 (1827); less. Compl. de 
Buff., Ois. xiii. p. 91 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 294 (1838). 

Carpophaga. lacernulata, 
G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 409, n. 16 (1844); 
Hartl. Syst. Verz. Brem. p. 98 (1844); Rchnb. Sipi. Av. Columbarise, 
f. 1273 (1847); Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Philad. 1854, p. 229; 

G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mtts. Columba, p. 66 (1856); Wall. Ibis, 
1865, p. 385 : id. J.f. 0. 1806, p. 231; Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 173; 
Gieb. Thes. OrnA. p. 585 (1872); Schley. Mus. P.-B, Colmiike, 
p. 95 (1873); Flives, P. Z. S. 1873, p.* 679; Blyth $ Wald. B. 
of Burnt, p. 144 (1875); Hume, Str. Feath vi. p. 417 (1878); 
Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 69 ; Pelz.fy Lor. Ann. Naturhist. Hofmm. 
p. 48 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (1889); Hartert, Kat. 
VoyeUamml p. 190 (1891). 
Ducula lacernulata, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 35 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 

xxxix. p. 1075 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 91 (1855); id. Coup d1ceil 
Ordr. Pig. pp, 16, 55, n. 91 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, I. p. 115, 
t. 
228. f. 1273 (1862); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 230, n. 9193 
(1870); Hein. $ Rchnw. Nfomend. Mies. Hein. Orn. p. 282 (1890). 
? Ducula concolor, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 836 (1856) (}hxs. BeroL). 

Adult, Cap and sides of the head ashy; hind neck vinous grey; 
lower cheeks and throat pale vinous; lower neck, breast, and 
abdomen grey, with a slight vinous tinge ; under tail-coverts chestnut 
; back, upper wing-coverts, and tertiaries dark brown, with a 
slight metallic-green tinge; lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts slate-black; primaries and secondaries dusky black; under 
wing-coverts dark ashy; tail above slate-black with a broad dark 
grey apical band, underneath paler : " bill horny black; iris deep 
crimson; feet pink-red" (Wallace). Length 16 inches, wing.8*4, 
tail 6'2o, bin 0*85, tarsus 0*95. 

Young. Similar to the adult, only duller and paler. 

Hah. Java. 
a. $ ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Skeleton. 
m 
W. Java. 
Java. 
Java, 
Java. 
Wallace Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Purchased. 
Purchased. 

31. Carpophaga cuprea. 
Columba cuprea, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xii. p. 12 (1840) (Wynaad). 
Carpophaga badia, Jerd. (nee Raffl.) Madr. Jotirn. xiii. p. 164 
(1844). 
Carpophaga insignis, part., Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 855 (1845 ?); 

G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 19 (part.) (1856); Jerd. 
B. of Ind. iii. p. 457 (part.) (1863); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 585 
(part.) (1872). 
Carpophaga cuprea, Hume, Str. Feath. iii. p. 328 (1875) ; Bourd. fy 
Hume, Str. Feath. iv. p. 403 (1876); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. 

p. 109 (1879); Bourd. Str. Feath. ix. p. 300 (1880); Davis. Str. 
Feath. x. p. 407 (1883); C. J. W. Taylor, Str. Feath. x. p. 464 (1887). 
216 
T&EE02TID.3!. 

Adult male. Head, neck, mantle, and underparts greyish vinous, 
more greyish on the hind neck and mantle: throat white ; under 
tail-coverts buff-white; back, ramp, upper tail-coverts, and wings 
greyish brown, rump and upper tail-coverts somewhat greyer; 
primaries above dusky black, underneath greyish brown ; under 
wing-coverts dark grey; tail above slate-black, darker about the 
middle, and with a broad apical band, underneath paler : *• irides, 
orbits, and feet red; bill red at base, cinereous at tipr {Jtrtha). 
Total length about IS ineheb, wing 9*25, tail 0*75, bill 0-85, 
tarsus 1*05. 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat smaller. 

Bab. Southern India. 

a, b, c. J § ad. Mynall, Travancore, Xov. T. Bourdillon, Es^. [C.]. 
sk. 
d-h. $ J ad. sk. Mynall, Travancore, Jan., Hume Coll. 
"March, Dec. (JF. Bourdillon). 


i. Ad. sk. Ancola, X. Canara, April. Hume Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Malalnr. Tweeildale Cull. 
I Ad. sk. Madras. W. Elliot, E*q. y.\ 
32. Carpophaga insignis. 
Ducula insignis, Hodgs. As. lies. xix. p. 102, pi. ix. (head and foot) 
(1830); Bp. Coyi&p. Ai\ ii. p. 84 (1554); id. Compt litnd. xxxix. 

p. 1075 (lb54), lx. p. 217, n. S9 (lb55); id. Covp d'wil Ordr. Fig. 
pp. 16, 55, n. 89 (lb55); Gray, Cat Hodgs, toll. B. 31 2nd ed. 
p. 67 (1863); Wall Ibis, 1863, p. 386; G. It Gr. Hand-lid} ii. 
p. 230, n. 9194 (part.) (1870); Waltl. Ibis, 1875, p. 459. 
Carpophaga insignis, 
G. JR. Gr. List Galium B. Mm. p. 6 (1844); 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 468, n. 12 (1844); Blyth, J, A. 8. B. xiv. p. b55 
(1845?); Gray, Cat Hodgs. Coll B. M. p. 122 (lb40j; Myth, 
Ami. $ Mag. X. H xix. p. 51 (1847); id. Cat B. Mm. A. 8. B. 

p. 232, n. 1404 (part.) (1849); G. M. Gr. List B. Brit Mm. Columbae, 
p. 19 (IboO); Bchnh. Tauben, i. p. 114 Clb62j; Jerd. B. 
of Ind. iii. p. 458 (1864); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 398; Bh/tk, Ibis, 
1867, p. 148, 1870, p. 173; GieL Tke< OrnA. p. obo (part) 
(1872); Hume, Nests §> Eggs, iii. p. 496 (1873): id. Sir. Beazli. 
iii. p. 328 (1875), viii p. 109 (lb79); Salt. Cat B. htrichL Coll. 
p. 554 (18b2); Hume, Sir. FeatL xi. p. 295 (lobo) (SMIiong); 
Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 42 (1889). 
Mrinopus (Ducula) insignis, Hodgs. Gray's ZooL Misc. p. 85 (1844); 
id. J. A. S. B. xxiv. p. 580 (1855). 
Carpophaga badia, part., 
Cass. Br. Ac. Mat 8c. PMlnd. 1854, p. 229 
(India); Schley. Mm. P.-B. Columbia p. 96 (1873). 

Adult male. Upper part of the head and of the cheeks, below the 
eyes, pale reddish vinous, changing into greyish vinaceous on the 
hind neck; interscapular region and smaller wing-coverts brown 
tinged with purplish chestnut; rest of the wing-coverts, scapulars, 
and secondaries brown greyish olive; lower back, rump, and upper 
tail-coverts dark grey, the longer ones brown-grey; lower part of 
the cheeks and throat white; crop-region, breast, and abdomen 

15 . CAEPOPHAGA. 
greyish with a lavender tinge; under tail-coverts white-buff; 
under wing-coverts grey; under surface of quills brown; tail above 
blackish grey at the base, nearly black about the middle, and with 
a broad dark grey apical band; tail below grey, with the apical 
band much paler: u bill, circle of eyelids, and legs intense sanguine, 
except the tip of the bill horn-coloured " {Hodgson); " irides red " 
(Jerdon). Total length about 18*5 inches, wing 9*7, tail 7*75, 
bill 0*9, tarsus 1*15. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Young. Duller; scarcely any purple tinge on the back and wing-
coverts ; the latter edged with rufous-chestnut; the head greyish 
with scarcely any vinous tinge. 
Bab. Nepal, Sikhim, Darjeeling, Bootan Doars, and Assam. 

The Assam birds approach to a certain extent C. griseicapilla, 
having the upper part of the head anteriorly and the upper cheeks 
grey. 

a, b, c. Ad. sk. Xepal (B. H. Hodgson). India Museum. 
(Typed of species.) 
d, e. Ad. et juv. Nepal. B. EL Hodgson, Esq. 
sk. ^ [P.]. 

f-m. Ad. sk. Native Sikhim, Jan .-March, & Hume Coll. 
July (L. Mandelli). 
n-v. Ad. et juv. Sikhim, March, April, June, Hume Coll. 

sk. Sept., Oct. (X. Mandelli). 
to-b'. Ad. et juv. Darjeeling. Hume Coll. 
sk. 

d. Ad. sk. Darjeeling, May (H. J. JEkves). Hume Coll. 
d', e',f. Ad. sk. Darjeeling. Seebohm Coll. 
g'. Ad. sk. Bhotan Doars, Feb. (L. Man- Hume Coll, 
delli). 
h'. <$ ad. sk. Shillong, Assam, July (/. Cock- Hume Coll. 

%', Ad. sk.
buni). 
Assam. Tweeddale Coll. 
k'. Ad. sk.
l\ Ad. sk. 
Assam (Griffiths). 
Cachar, Oct. (Inglis). 
India Museum [P.]. 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 

33. Carpophaga griseicapilla. 
Carpophaga insignis, Blyth, Cat R Mm. A. S. B. p. 232, n. 1404 
(part.) (1849); id. (nee Ilodgs.) J. A. S. B. xxviii. p. 416 (1859) 
(Tenasserim); id. B. Burm. p. 144 (1875). 
Ducula griseicapilla, Wold. Ann. §* Mag. N. H. (4) xvi. p. 228 
(1875); id. Ibis, 1875, p. 459; Hume, Str. Feath. iii. p. 402 
(1875); Wardl. Bams. lbis} 1877, p. 467; Giek Thes. Orn. iii. 

p. 802 (1877); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 416 (1881). 
Carpophaga griseicapilla, Davis. Str. Feath. v. p. 460 (1877); Hume 
# Davis. Str. Feath. Vi. p. 418 (1878); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. 

p. 109 (1879); Oates, B. Brit Burm. ii, p. 302 (1888); ? Hume, 
Str. Feath. xi. p. 295 (1888) (Assam); Salvad. Am. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. (2) vii. p. 424 (1889); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 42 (1889); 
fHartert, J.f. 0.1889, p. 433 (Assam). 
Adult male. Forehead, crown, nape, cheeks, and ear-coverts 

218 TRER0XHU3. 

Prench grey; chin and throat pure white: remainder of lover 
surface pale grey, the breast being tinged with lilac; under tail-
coverts pale cream-colour: back of neck vinous; interscapulary 
region brown with a vinous tinge; wing-coverts brown like the 
back, but not so strongly tinted with vinous: quills dark brown, 
almost black; rump and upper tail-coverts dark ashy; rectrices 
above dark brown, with a broad grey terminal band : lower surface 
of rectrices pale grey: " iris greyish white; orbital skin greyish 
brown; bill reddish plum-colour, whitish at the tip" {Wanllaw 
Ramsay). Total length 1S*5 inches, wing 9-5, tail S, tarsus 1, 
bill 1. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Hub. Prom Ifanipur to Tenasserim. 

a, b. c. $ ad. et ad. Manipur, April, Mav {A. Hume Coil. 
sk. 0. JET.). 
d,o.
f-k. 
d $ ad.sk. 
<$ $ ad. sk. 
Karen Hills March, April(R. G. W. H.}. 
Moolevit, Jan., Feb. (W.
Lavibun). 
Twefddale Coll. 
(INpe- of ^ppcie?.} 
Hum- Coll. 

34. Carpophaga badla. 
Columba badia, Raffl. Tr.Linn. Sac. xiii. p. 317 (1^22) (Sumatra*: 
Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 1H (1*27) ; Zr^s. ftmpl. de Buff*, Oh. 

viii. p. 92 (1837) ; id. op. at. 2nd ed. p. 294 {K>). 
Columba capistrata, Temm. PL OJ. 1*1-3 (h\r. 2% 1S2-1); Steph, 
Gen. Zool. aiv. 1, p. *2b2 (lb'2(>); Leant. Dirt. tie. 2>at. xl. p. 318 
(1826); Less. Tr. tTOrn. p. 40b (lfc31) : id. Compl. de livff., Ois 
"liii. p. 9:2 (1837); id. ojy. cit. 2nd ed. p. 295 (Ibtei; Brer. $• Enip, 
Pig. pi. 37 (lb38~43). 

Carpuphaga badia, G. B. Gr. Li*t of Gallina B. M. p. 8 (184-1); id. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 5bSf n. 11 (lh44|; Rcknb. St/n. Ac. Columbaria, 

f. 1274 {lb47]; Cass. Pr. Ac. Xat. Sc. PMlad. Ib54. p. 229 (part.) ; 
G. R. Gr. List IL Brit. Mu*. Columbte, p. UMlb36); Wall 
Ibis, 18u5, pp. 385, 3*0: id. J. f. O. IbtiO, p. iM ; i?/^ jft^ 
1870, p. 173; £/<?#. Tte\ 0/7L i. p. 584 flb72f; ScJileg. Mus. 
P.-B. Columba?, p. 9G (part) (1&73); &*/««?. Urc. Born, p. 291 
(1874); Robenb. Malay. Arehip. p. 10b |Sumatra) <1^2b) ; Hume, 
Sir. Feath. \i. p. 417 (Alerpni h and Malacca) llbl^), viii. pp. 07 
(Malacca), 109 (1879) ; Salcad. Ami. Mm. Cic. Gen. xiv. p. 240 
(1879) (Sumatra); Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. Co; Snellem. Sum.-JS.vped. 
i. Yoq. p. 48 (1884); Vorderm. X. T. X. I. xlvl. p. 231] (1886); 
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 18&7, p. 443 (Perak); Sharpe, Mm, 18*8, p. 396 
(Ivina Balu) ; Pelz. §• Lorenz, Ann, Xaturltist. Hofmus. iii. p. 47 
(1888); Whitehead, in Sharpe, Ibis, lfcKJ, p. 4*37; Vorderm. 
X. T. X. I xlix. p. 412 (18b9) ; Everett, Journ. Str. Br. R. As. 
Soc. 1889, p. 195; Tristr. Cat. Cdl B. p. 42 (18*50); Sharpe, Ibis, 
1890, pp. 135, 284, 291; Harterf, Eat Foyekamml p. 190 (1891) 
(Jara); Sharpe, Ibis, 1892, p. 441. 
Ductila badia, Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 35 (1854); «?. Cmnpt. Rend. 

xxxix. p. 1075 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 90 (183$); id. Coup dW 
O/Y/r. P/^/. pp. 16, 55, n» 90 (18-35) j w/. Conipt. Rend, xliii. p. b3(> 
15 . CAKPOPHAGA. 
219 

(1856); Rchnb. Tauben, I p. 114, t. 228. f. 1274 (1862); G. R. 

Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 280, n. 9192 (1870) ; Soma, Mus Nac. Lisb. 

Oolumbse, p. 10 (1873); Wald. Ibis, 1875, p. 453; Hem. $ RcMw. 

KomencL Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 28'2 0890). 

? Globicera inyristicivoraf Bp. (nee Scop.) Icon. Fig. pi. 34 (1857) • 

G. R. Gr. Cat B. Trap. Isl. p. 41 (1859). 
Garpophaga *enea, Becc. (nee Linn.) Ami. Mus. Cm. Gen. xiii. 
p. 454 (1878) (Sumatra). 
? Carpophaga, sp., Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xxi. p. 152 (1887) 
(Sullivan Island, Mergui Archipelago). 

Adult, Crown, lores, and sides of the head ashy, more or less 

vinous : hind neck vinous ; throat white, lower part of the fore 

neck, breast, and abdomen vinous grey, lower part of the abdomen 

tinged with rufous ; under tail-coverts pale buff; mantle and lesser 

and median upper wing-coverts maroon, especially on the edges of 

the feathers; lower back and rump darker, the feathers slightly 

edged with maroon, upper tail-coverts blackish; greater wing-coverts 

brown, tinged with maroon on the edges; quills brown; under 

wing-coverts dark grey; tail above brown, with a broad dark grey 

apical band, underneath grey with the apical band lighter: " hides 

ashy; bill dull purple at the base, light at the tip : feet dull purple " 

(Beccari). Length 15*5 inches, wing 9*11, tail 7*07, bill 0*9, 

tarsus 0*98. 

Hah. Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, and apparently also Java. 

Bonaparte describes and figures (Icon. Pig. pi. 34) a bird in the 

Paris Museum as from the South Seas. I think it belongs to this 

species, although the tail is coloured grey at the base, but I doubt 

the accuracy of the plate and description. 

a. $ ad. sk. Mts. of Perak. L. Wray, Esq. [P.]. 
b. cS ad. sk. Near Klang (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
c-g. 
Ad. sk. Malacca, Jan., March, April, & Hume Coll. 
July. 


h. Ad. sk. Malacca. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Sumatra (Raffles). Indian Museum HP.]. 
7c, I. <$ $ ad. sk. Kina Balu, Feb. J. Whitehead, Esq. 
m. $ ad. sk. Mt Dulit, Oct. 0. Hose, Esq. [0.]. 
n. Ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Purchased. 
o. Ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Massena Coll. 
e. CEYPTOPHAPS. 
Type. 
Cryptophaps, Sahad. MS. C poecilorrhoa. 
Range. Confined to Celebes. 

The type of this subgenus does not seem to have any near allies: 
perhaps it approaches Ducula more than any other generic or sub-
generic group; the long and nearly graduated tail is very conspicuous, 
also the under tail-coverts with dark centres. 

220 TBEROXXDJE. 

35. Carpopliaga poecilorrhoa. 
Carpopliaga poecilorrhoa, Brugg. Abh. Xaturw. Ter. Brem. v. p. 84 
(1870) (Celebes). 
Gvmnophaps poecilorrhoa, Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien. xxxi. p. 7:20, 

"t xhi (1S76); Gould, B. Xeic Gum. pt. xi. pi. 3 (1^0) ; Meyer, 
Ibis, lfc81, p. 169 (North Celebes): Bias. J. f. O. l^SS, p. 142; 
Mem. $ Rchno. Xomencl Mm. Hem. Orn. p. ->b2 (l^W i. 

Carpopliaga (Ducula), sp., Lenz, J.f. 0. 1^77. p. 37b (Celebes). 
Gymnuphaps minaliassa (err.), (Index) J, /. 0. IbbS, p. 437, 

Adult. General colour above glossy black, shot with olive-green ; 
quills brown, with narrow reddish margins to the outer webs, as well 
as to the greater wing-coverts ; tail blackish, tipped with a narrow 
band of huffy white; head and mantle dusky grey, somewhat more 
vinous on the hind neck, the forehead lighter grey: cheeks, ear-
coverts, and throat dull grey vinous : lower throat darker ashy, as 
also the adjacent sides ot the neck ; the chest light ashy, extending 
on to the sides of the neck, and forming a conspicuous patch on the 
mantle; abdomen vinous grey, remainder of under surface brown, 
mottled with reddish-ochre "margins to the feathers; under tail-
coverts dark brown, with broad edgings of reddish ochre; under 
wing-coverts dusky brown, the axiilaries rufous chestnut; under 
surface of quills dark ashy "brown: - iris bloud-red; bill black violet-
red, with the tip grey-green ; feet and naked periocular skin cherry-
red'" (Platen). Length about lb inches, wing U-U4, tail b, bill U-bo, 
tarsus 1-22 (Tristram Coll.). 

The bird figured by Gould is young and of very small *ize, with 
no vinous colour on the breast, and with the featheis of the same 
edged with ochreous, like the abdomen. 

Hob. Northern Celebes. 

£. ZoyccsAS. _ 

Type. 
Zonoenas, Mclinh. Ai\ Sgsf. Xat p. xxvi (1552) C. muelleri. 
Zonsenas, Bjp, Co/isp. Av. ii. p. 37 (1&-J4). 

Range. Papuan Islands. 

General plumage slate-grey or slate-black ; mostly with a light 
band across the middle of the tail. 

Key to the Species. 

a Tail with a whitish band a little beyond the 

middle. 
a\ A black collar round the neck muelleri, p. 221. 
b No black collar round the neck. 

a". Upper and under wing-coverts almost 
uniform. 
a'". Upper part of the head grey ; hind 
part of the neck and mantle unoub. 


15 . CARPOPHAGA. 
221 

a4. Upper and under wing-coverts uniform, 
with no distinct lighter 
edges pinon, p. 222. 

bl. Upper and under wing-coverts with 
lighter edges rubiemis, p. 223. 
b"f. Upper part of the head, like the hind 

neck and mantle, vinous salvadorii, p. 223. 
b". Upper and under winsr-eoverts blackish , ft~. 
slate, verv distinctly edged with grey ^™\P - 224 

b. Tail with no whitish band C J ) astrolahensis, V. 22*. 
c'. General plumage and tail slate-black ... . melanochroa, p. 225. 
d'. Upper parts slate-grey, head lighter ; 
underparts ^ inous chestnut; under wing-
coverts chestnut; tail chestnut, with a 
slate-grey tinge above brenchleyi, p. 22o. 

36. Carpophaga muelleri, 
Columba miillerii, Temm. PL Col. 566 (livr. 96, 1835) (type examined) 
; Pre v. $ Knip, Pig. ii. pi. 56 (1838-43) ; Midi Verhand. 
Land- en Volkenk. p. 22 (1839-44). 

Carpophaga mulleri, G. IL Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 469, n. 20 (1844); Sclat. 
Jouni. Pr. Linn. Soc ii. p. 1(38,n. 143(1858); G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, 
pp. 186,196; id. Cat B. New Quia. pp. 48, 01 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 
1861, p. 437; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 177 (1865); Wall. J. f. 0. 
1866, p. 281; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 586 (1872); Sehleg. Mus. P-B. 
Columbse, p. 93 (1873); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. pp. 41, 
202, n. 51 (1876); Ram*. Pr. Linn. Soc N. S. W. i. p. 394 (1876); 
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool xiii. p. 319 (1877), xiv. 502 (1877); 
If Alb. Sgdn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 18 
(1877); Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. pp. 102, 291 (1878), 

iv. p. 100, n. 159 (1879); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool xiv. p. 688 
(1879) ; Rosenb. Malay. ArcJiip. p. 561 (1878-79); BAlb. § Salvad. 
Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 145 (1879); D'Alh. Nuova Guin. 
pp. 251,310, 403, 528, 584, 588 (1880); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL 
iii. p. 101(1882). 
Zonoenas mulleri, RcJmb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxvi (1852); Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 37 (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1076 (1854), xl. 

p. 217, n. 100 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 17, 55, 
n. 100 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 112, t. 232. f. 1293 (1862), 
ii. p. 182 (1862); Rosenb. N. T. N. L. xxv. p. 249, n. 229 (1863); 
id. J. f. O. 1864, p. 132, n. 229; G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 230, 
n. 9205 (1870); Soma, Mm.NacLisb. Columba?, p. 10 (1873). 
Carpophaga muelleri, Wall. Ibis, 1805, p. 387, n. 09; Sharpe, Journ. 
Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 446 (1882); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 660; 
Salvad. Mem. R. Ac Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 57 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e 
MoL p. 183) (1891). 

Adult male. Crown vinous, surrounded by a grey band, which 
joins the grey throat; a black collar, narrow in front and very 
broad behind, surrounds the upper part of the neck; lower part of 
the neck in front and on the sides grey; lower part of the nape, 
upper back, and upper breast deep purple-chestnut, blending into the 
vinous-chestnut colour of the lower breast and abdomen; under tail-
coverts purple-chestnut; interscapular region, rump, upper tail-
coverts, and wings slate-grey; tail dark slate-colour, darker below. 

222

 TBEBONTDJB. 

and with a transverse grey baud about the middle; " feet purplish 
red: bill black; orbits pale; iris olive-brown v ( Wallace). Length 
16-50-16-11 inches, wing 9-04-8*45, tail 5-70-5-30, bill 0-86-0-82, 
tarsus 1-14-1-10. 

Female. Like the male. 

Hub. Southern Xew Guinea and Aru Islands. 

a, b>c. <$ J ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll. 
d} e. Ad.etinini.sk. Port Moresby (A. Goldie). Sah in-Godman Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea, Xuv. Tweeddale Coll. 

37. Carpophaga pinon. 
Columba pinon, Q. § G. Toy de TUraa.} Zoo!, p. 118, pi. 28 (1824) 
(tvpe examined); Desm. Diet, d'Hkt. Xat. xl. p. 3i0, pi. 29. f. 2 
(lb26); Le«s. Joy. Coq., Zool. i. p. &L2 (lb2«); JF«y/. %>£. Av. 
Columba, sp. 17 flb27); Let's. Tr. d'Ora. p. 409 (lb%l); id. 
Compt. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 88 (18-17] ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 2U-3 
(1888) ; Free. £ 2D«/>, Py . ii. p. 15 (ib3b~4:Jt. 

Carpophaga pinon, Sdb. Xat. Lifir., Fit/eon^ p. 110 < 1 S3»JI ; G. 22. Gr. 
Gen. Ii. ii. p. 408, n. 10 (lb44j; P/yM, Otf. 1L Mm. A. 8. £, 

p. 232, n. 1405 (lb49); Cats. Ft. Ac. Xat 8<. P/«7w/. 1-54, p. 2m; 
G. It. Gr. List B. Bi it. Mus. Coiumbie, p. 23 (1<30}; Wall. Ann. ty 
Mat/. X. II. (2) xx. p. 470 (lb57) ; 8elnt. Jtmni. Fr. Linn. 8oe. ii. 
p. 168, n. 144 (IS^j; G. IL Gr. F.Z. 8. 1^1^ pp. \ ^ y^. i(L 
Cat B. Xew Guin. pp. 48, GO (1*00); id. F. Z. 8. 1 <•/,),p . ];&, IbOl, 
p. 437; Finsch, Xeu-Guin. p. 17^ (lbG5); JFtf//. Pw, 1805, 
p. 887, n. 70; /</. J"./. O. Ib06, p. 2*1, n. 70; Rtr+enb. Item mar 
Zuidoostereil. p. 49 (1807); Gieb, Thru*. Orn. i. p. 5b7 (ib72); 
Schley. Mus. F.-B. Columke, p. 04 (lb73|; Felz. VerLz-b. Gei. 
Wien, 1870, p. 719; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Vie. Gen. ix, pp. 41, 202, 

ii. 52 (1876), x. p. 150 (1877); Rami*. Fr. Linn. >SV. X. 8. W. i. 
p. 394 (1870); Sharpe^ Juuni. Fr. Linn. 8oe.9 Zuol. xiii. pp. 319, 
502 (1877); Bams. Fr. Linn. Soi\ X. 8. W. ill. pp.102, 292 t lb7b), 
iy. p. 101, n. 102 (1670; (Port More&by, feouth Cape!, Uuke of 
York group!, Solomon Islands!); 8/mrpei Jour. Linn. 8oc., 
Zool. xiV. p. G88 (1879); Brjwnb. Malm/. Archip. pp. 372, 300, 
501 (1879J; If Alb. Xuora Gum. pp. 458, 5b2, 5b4, 58b (18blJ; 
Salvad. Om.Fap. eMoL iii. p. 108 flbb2); Meyir,Abbild. Vug el-
Skel. t. xxix. (1882); zW. Zeitsckr. f. yes. Om". L p. 204 (epu»i) 
(1884); Xehrk.J.f.O. Idb5, p. 84; Guilltm. F.Z.8. lfcbo, 
p. 600; TWtfr. Orf. Co//. P. p. 42 (lbb9): 8alead. Mem. R. Ac. 
8c. Tar. (2) xlii. p. 57 (.d(y//. 0/72. PGT/A e Mol. p. 168) (ItoOl). 
Zonoena> pinon, Pp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 87 (lb54); /«/. Compf. Fend 

xxxix. p. 1076 (lfc54), xl. p. 217. n. 101 (lb55); id. Cmtpdail 
Ordr. Fi(/. pp. 17, odj n. 101 (1855); Rehab. Tauben,i. p. 112, 
t. 232. f. 1294 (1802), ii. p. 182, Xovit Xuppl. t. v. if. 02,68 (1802); 
J?«we^. X. T. X. L xxv. p. 24U, n. 280 (1808); id. J. f. O. Ib64, 
p. 132, n. 230; G. P . OV. Hand-list, ii. p. 280, n. 9204 (lb70); 
JSousa, Mus. Xac. Lisb. Coiumbie, p. 11 (1878); Ilein. 4* Rchnw. 
Xomencl. 3Ius. Hem. Orn. p; '2&2 (1890|. 
Miiscadivora pinoii, Schley. Dierent. p. 210 (1864). 
Carpophaga pinonce, Brtigyem. AbhandL naitirw. Ver. Brem. y. 

p. 80 (lb70). 
Adult male. A band at the base of the bill, chin, and a ring 
of feathers edging the naked space round the eyes white; crown 

15 . CAKPOPHAGA. 
223 

grey ; neck, tipper back, and tipper breast greyish vinous; back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts slate-grey; scapulars slate-black; lower 
breast and abdomen purple-chestnut; under tail-coverts chestnut, 
with the inner webs partly fulvous; tibial feathers and those of 
the vent and flanks light fulvous tipped with chestnut; wings 
and tail dark slate-grey, the latter with a transverse pale grey 
band about the middle: " bill dark lead-colour, tip bluish horny; 
feet carmine-red; iris and orbits coral-red " (Wallace). Length 
19-65-17-69 inches, wing 10-85-9-82, tail 6-09-5-89, bill 1-060-
98, tarsus 1*37. 

Female, Like the male. 

Hah. New Guinea, except the most south-eastern part, and the 
"Western Papuan Islands—Bawak, Waigiou, Batanta, Salawatti, 
Mysol, and Aru Islands. 

a, ad. sk. TTaigiou. Wallace Coll 
h, c. $ 2 ad. sk. Salawatti, July {von Rosenberg). Tweeddale Coll. 
d, e. <$ ad. sk. Hysol, June, Aug. {von Rosen- Tweeddale Coll. 

berg). 

f. Ad. sk. New Guinea. 
Capt. Blackwood, 
B.N. [P.]. 
//. 2ad.sk. Dorey {Wallace). Gould Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. N.W. New Guinea, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. Ad. bk. Port Moresby. J. Broadbent, Esq. 
k. Ad. sk. Port Moresby (O. C Stone). Sharpe Coll, 
/. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m, n. d $ ad. sk. Aru Islands. Wallace Coll. 
o. <$ ad. sk. Aru Islands (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
38. Carpophaga ritbiensis. 
Carpophaga pinon, Sfiarpe (nee Q.fyG.)} Jour. Linn. Soc., Zool. xvii. 
p. 446 (1882) (Tahtiri). 
Carpophaga pinon, Tar. rubiensis, Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. d. Ges. Isis, 
1884, Abh. i. p. 51 (Bubi). 
Carpophaga 
rubiensis, Salmd. Ann. Mvs. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 588 
(1890) (Kigo), x. p. 825 (1891) (Bujakori) ; id. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. (2) xlii. p. 57 (Agg. Orn. Raj), e Mol p. 183) (1891). 

Similar to C. pvnon, from whicb it differs in having tbe upper 
and under wing-coverts edged with light grey, the lower back, rump, 
and basal upper tail-coverts of a lighter grey, and the longer 
upper tail-coverts darker than the basal ones: " iris coral-red; 
naked skin round the eyes purple-red, with the external part pale 
yellow; bill grey, with the base greyish green; feet red " (Loria). 
Dimensions as in C. pinon. (Mm. Genoa). 

Hah. Bubi and S.E. Hew Guinea. 

39. Carpophaga salvadorii 
Carpophaga 
pinon, Sclat. (nee Q. $ G.) P. Z. S. 1876, p. 460 (no 
exact locality). 
Carpophaga salvadorii, Tristr. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 996; Salmd. Ann. 

224: 
TBEB02TIDJB. 
MILS. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 428, n. 10 (1382); «& 0/-«. P«». P Mol 

iii. p. 559 (1882); Rchnw. $ Sehal J. f. 0.1833, p. 404; TWrf/ 
Orf. Co//. J?, p. 43 (1889); Saluad. Mem. E. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii 
p. 58 {Agg. Orn. Rap. e Mol p. 184) (1891). 
Similar to C. pinon, but the Tipper part of the head, instead of 
being grey, is vinous like the rest of the head, neck, and mantle 
where the vinous colour reaches the black scapulars ; the chestnut 
colour of the breast and abdomen is better defined from the vinous 
of the crop-region than in C. pinon. Size about the same. 
Hab. Louisiade Archipelago, where it is most likely confined. 

a. Ad. sk. St. Aignan, Louisiade Archipelago(Richards). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. St. Aisman, Louisiade Archipelago(Richards). 
Tristram Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. [Huon Gulf*.] Tweeddale Cull. 

40. Carpophaga westermaai. 
Carpophaga 
we«*termanii, Rmenh. in lift.; Schley* X. T. D. iv. p. 2? 
(1871); id.Mus. R.-B. Columbia, p. 95 <1*73); Itosenb. Reist. 
naar Geelvinkh. p. 143 (lS7o); tialrad. Ann. Mn*. Cir. Gen. vii. 

p. 789 (1875), viii. p. 405 (1870), ix. p. 20L\ n. 53 (1^7*5); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 793 (1877); Itownb. Malay, Arrhip. pp. 501T 594 
(1878-79); Salrad. Orn. Rap. e 3Iol iii. p. 105 (1^21 ; Mri/tr^ 
Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. Isi% 18*4y Abh. L p. 51 fecgf; id. Ztitsekr. f. 
ges. Orn. lbbO, p. 37 (Kafu); Tmtr. Cat OIL R. p. 43 (l&si)); 
Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. #c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 58 {Af/a. Orn. Rap. e 
Mol. p. 184) (1891). 
Carpophaga pinon jobienjsis, Sckleg. X. T. JD. iv. p. 20 (1571). 

Adult male. Crown grey; a band round the base of the bill, chin, 
and a ririg of feathers edging the naked space round the eyes white; 
neck, upper breast, and interscapular region ashy, more or less 
tinged with vinous; rump ashy, the basal upper tail-coverts slate-
grey edged with pale grey, the longer ones darker slate-grey with 
very narrow light edges; lower breast and abdomen dark purple-
chestnut ; tibial feathers, like those of the vent, white-fulvous, with 
dark purple tips ; under tail-coverts chestnut, with the inner webs 
fulvescent; scapulars and wings slate-black, upper and under wing-
coverts with grey edges, sharply defined; tail slate-black, with a 
light grey transverse band about the middle; bill lead-colour (?); 
feet red. Length about 19*60 inches, wing 10*857 tail 5*39, bill 
1*06; tarsus 1*41. 

Female, Like the male. 

Hab. Jobi, Oeelvink Bay. 

a. Ad. sk. Jobi Island. 
Purchased. 
b. c? ad. sk. Ansus, Jobi, April (A. £. Meyer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
* This specimen was mentioned by Mr. Sclater in a paper on birds from the 
south-east coast of Isew Guinea (P. Z.8, 1876, p. 4l>0), but the locality *Huon 
Gulf was not given by him, and most probably it is wrong. 
15 . CAJRPOPHA.GA. 
225 

41. Carpophaga astrolabiensis. 
Carpopliaga westermanni 
astrolabiensis, Meyer, Abb. u. Ber. hgL 
Zool. Anthrop. Mus. Bresd. no. 4, p. 14 (1891). 

Similar to O. tuestermani, but the edges of the smaller upper 
wing-coverts paler; also the head, neck, breast, lower back, and 
uropygium are paler. 

Hob. N.E. J^ew Guinea, from Astrolabe Bay to Huon Gulf. 

I have seen three specimens of this supposed new subspecies, 
sent to me for inspection by Graf von Eerlepsch, and I doubt very 
much whether they are different from true C. westermani: one of 
them from Huon Gulf, collected by Dr. Finsch, has the neck and 
mantle more vinaceous than the other two from NJE. 3tfew Guinea. 

42. Carpopliaga melanochroa. 
Carpophaga 
melanochroa, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 672, pi. xlii. j 
Brown, F. Z. S. 1879, p. 451; Finsch, Ibis, 1881, p. 538; Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 106 (1882); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 348 ; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (1889); Salvad. Mem. F. Ac. So. Tor. 

(2) xlii. p. 58 (Agg. Orn. Fap. e Mol p. 184) (1891). 
Adult male (type). Slaty black, almost uniform; head and neck 
blacker; wing-coverts and scapularies with very distinct grey margins 
; also the feathers of the back, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
have paler scale-like lines near the edges, but much more obsolete ; 
under wing-coverts partially tinged with chestnut; under tail-
coverts tinged with dull chestnut; tail underneath ashy white or 
grey: "eyes bright scarlet; legs purpleJ? (Brown). Total length 
about 15*5 inches, wing 9*4, tail 6, bill 1, tarsus 1-15. 

Hob. Duke of York Group. 

a. $ 
ad. sk, Duke of York Group (Fev. G. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brown). (Tvpe of species.) 
43. Carpopliaga brenchleyi, 
Carpophaga brenchleyi, G. M. Gr. Ann. § Mag. N. JET. (4) v. p. 328 
(1870) (San OristovaL) ,* id. Cruise of the l Curagoa,' Birds, p. 388, 
pi. xviii. (1873); Sclat. Ibis, 1874, p. 457; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. ix. p. 201, n. 44 (1876); id. Orn. Fap. e Mol. iii. pp. 90, 550 
(1882) ; Fams. Fr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 35 (1882); Tristr. 
Ibis, 1882, pp. 140, 144 j Grant, F. Z, S. 1888, pp. 186, 199 
(Guadalcanal); Salvad. Mem. F. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 56 
(Agg. Orn. Fap. e Mol. p. 182) (1891). 

Ducula brenchleyi, G. F. Gr. Hand-list, iii. p. 195, n. 9198 (1870). 
Carpophaga blenchleyi (errore), Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 584 (1872). 

Adult. Head grey, lighter on the anterior part, and changing 
into darker slaty grey on the hind neck and rest of the upper parts; 
throat, cheeks, and ear-coverts vinous reddish, changing into greyish 
vinous chestnut on the lower throat and crop-region, and into purplish 
chestnut on the breast and abdomen ; under tail-coverts, like the 
under surface of the tail cinnamon; under wing-coverts cinnamon, 

VOL. XXI. 
Q 

226 
TEEKOXEDJE. 

but the greater ones, like the under surface or quills, slate-grey ; 
tail above, when closed, slate-black, with the lateral feathers, when 
expanded, cinnamon, the outer webs slightly edged with slate-black: 



" eyes yellow " (Brenchley) ; iris and legs carmine ; bill blackJ> 

(Woodford). Total length about lo inehe*, wing 8*7, tail 5%5, 

bill 0-75, tarsus 1. 

llab. Solomon Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. San Cristoval. J. Brpiichley. Esq. TP/\ 
f Tvpe of species.)" 
b. Ad. sk. Aola, Guadalcanal June. V. M. Woodford, E&q. [0.]. 
-c. Ad. sk. Solomon Islands. Tweeddale Coll. 
1G. PKHM3BHIFA, 

Hype. 

Ph®norhina, G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 185% p. 1C5 P. goliatk 

Range. Confined to Xew Caledonia, with the Isle of Pines. 

1. Phsnorhina goliath. 
Carpophaja 
CPlkraorliina) poliath, G. R. (*r. P. Z, 8. 2830, p. 105, 
pi. loo (Me of Pines): id. Cat JJ. Tr^j. PL p. 41 {l^Hi ]>r. 
4* I)es 31ur% Rev. ef May. tie Zuol. ls»0, p. i-JU : Rihkh. Tauben, 

ii. p. Iho (lb02); Jouan, Mem. hu< .Imp. St. Xr/t. Ch* rb. i\. pp, 05. 
2;j0(lb0;j). 
Phamorkina <ioliatli, V*n\ 4* I>^ Mvr*9 R* . ^ May. (h 7M>1 1802, 

p. 13b (anatomicjl detail^>; G. R. Or. H&iid~ii4,ii, p. 22fl n. 0185 
(lb70) ; Marie, Act Soc. Linn. Burd, xwii. p. o*J^tl^70j; zif. 
!&*, 1877, p. %\M>;ta/rw/, P. £ A. Ib7\ pp. 104,105; 7, htr. Oris, 
187% p. 184; Garrod, Vut/. Chatltnt/., Bir(h, p. I*r2 (15^11; Layanh 
Ibis, Ibbl, p. 133, LbbL*. p. 5ii(h AV/w/. «/!/. O. 18b7, p/245; 
Wighbiix Ave* Poly/ie*. p. 53, n. 270 (1*01K 
Carpophaga prohath, Gieb. Thes. Or a. i. p. 5<> (]^72|; hchhg. Mm, 
P.-JB. ColumkB, p. 95 (lb73f; AWm, Jt/>/*. Xae. Zisk Columbae, 

p. 10 (1873); Tiallane, Ann. tie. Xut. ffJf ZotA. vii. art. 12, p. Bf 
pi. ix. (187b) (digwsth e organs); Fwbe% Ibi% LNSI, p. 21; Sclaf. 
P.Z. 8. 1886, p. 320 (cage specimen); Trhtr. Cat. Cull. & p. 42 
(1889). 
Adult male. Head, neck, breast, and upper parts slate-black; a 
patch of maroon on the median wing-coverts: quills Mack, mealy 
grey at the base; grey of the breast changing into deep maroon on 
the abdomen; vent buff-chestnut; under tail-coverts buff, the longer 
ones tinged with chestnut towards the tips; tail chestnut, both the 
base and the apical portion black; the outer feathers are black also 
on the outer webs; tail underneath cinnamon about the middle, 
grey at the base and at the tip: " bill and feet vinous red, the 
former with the tip a deep horn-colour, almost black ; iris orange, 
with red ring " (Layard). Total length about 20 inches, wing ll*l>, 
tail 9, bill 1, tarsus 1*1. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Young. Duller; maroon patch on the median wing-coverts less 
distinct; greater wing-coverts edged with rufous chestnut; upper 

17 . MYKISTICIVOKA. 
227 

tail-coverts tinged with, rufous; central tail-feathers brown-black, 
with no chestnut about the middle; lateral tail-feathers less blackish 
at the tip. 


Bab. Isle of Pines and New Caledonia. 

a. Ad. sk. Isle of Pines. Cuming Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
h, c. 2 a<^- et

 d Moindou, X. Caledonia, July, Tweeddale Coll. 
juv. sk. Oct. (E. L. Layard). 


17. MYEISTICIYORA. 
Type. 
Myristicivora, Hclmb. AD. Syst. Nat. p. xxvi (1852) ... . M. bicolor. 

Of. Sahachrij T., Osservazioni intorno alle specie del genere Myristicivora, 
Rehtb. (Ann. Mtis. Civ. Gen. ix. pp. 265-277,1877). 

Ratige. Prom the Malay Peninsula, Meobars, and Andamans, 
through the Malay Archipelago, to Australia. 

Key to the Bjpecies. 

a. Primaries and secondaries Mack; the innermost 
of the latter white. 
a'. Under tail-coverts either pure white, or 
with black .'-pots, irregular, not very conspicuous, 
more or lass broad and more or 
less numerous; apical portion of the tail 
black; outer tail-feather, towards the tip 
of the outer web, mostly white bicolor, p. 227, 


b\ Under tail-coverts with regular black spots; 
tail as in M. bicolor, 
a". Plumage white; wing-coverts, between 
alula and primary-coverts, white spilorrhoa, p. 231. 


b'\ Plumage yellowish white; wing-coverts, 
between alula and primary-coverts, 
black -, subflavescms, p. 232. 

c'. Only the basal under tail-coverts with broad 
and conspicuous black spots; black apical 
band of the tail very broad; outer tail-
feather for the greater part or entirely black 
on the outer web meknura, p. 233. 


h. All the quills mealy slate-grey, edged with 
black; under tail-coverts as in M. melanura, 
and tail as in M. bicolor and M. spilorrhoa .. hictuosa, p. 233, 
1. Myristicivora "bicolor. 
Pigeon ou Bamier blanc mangeur de muscade de la Nouvelle Ghiinee, 

Sonner. Voy. Nouv. Gum. p. 169, pi. 103 (1776). 
"White Nutmeg Pigeon, Lath Syn. ii. 2, p. 538, n. 31 (1783), 
Columba bicolor, Scop. Del. Fbr. et Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 94, n. 97 

(1786) (ex Sonnerat). 
Columba alba, Gm. 8. N. ii. p. 780, n. 53 (1788) (ex Somerat); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 602, n. 34 (1790); Bonn. JEnc. MStk i. 

p. 246 (1790); Vieill. M D. xxvi. p. 362 (1818) ; Wagl. Syst. 
Av. 
Columba, sp. 20 (1827); id. Isis, 1829, p. 741; Less. Compl. de 
<l2 

228 
TREKOlSTDiE. 

Buffi, Ois. viii. p. 90 (1837); id. op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 293 (1838) s 
Hartl. Syst. Verz. p. 98 (1844). 

Cohimba littoraHs, Tenmi. $ Knip, Fig. I pi. 7 (1808-11) j Temm. 
Fig. et Gallin. pp. 99, 448 (1813); Steph. Gen. Zool. si. 1, p. 23 
(1819); Horsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiiL p. 182 (1821) ; Steph. Gen. 
Zool xiv. 1, p. 291 (1826); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat xl. p. 319 (1826). 
Carpopbaga myristicivora (errore), G. B. Gr. List Gallinm B. M. 

p. 4 (1844); 'id. Gen. B. ii. p. 468, n. 3 (1844) ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. 
xv. p. 371 (1846); Beav. Ibis, 1867, pp. 332, 334. 
Carpophaga casta, Beetle, Tin. St. Bxpl Rip., Zool p. 204 (1848) 
(Sooloo Isl.); Hartl Arch.f. Naiurg. xviii. 1, p. 116 (1852) ; Bp. 
Co?npt. Bend, xliii. p. 836 (1856). 

Carpophaga 
bicolor, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849); Bluth, 
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 232, n. 1436 (1&49;; Ca»«. Br. Ac. Nat. 
Sc. Bliilad. 1854, p. 232 ; G. B. Gr. List B. Brit Mm. Columb»f 

p. 19 (1856); Cass. Tin. St Rxpl Bxp. 2nd ed. Orn. p. 2(>J7 pi. 28 
(1858); Sclat. Journ. Br. Linn. Sue. ii. p. 167, n. 139 (1858); G, 
B. Gr. F. Z. S. 1858, p. 196; id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 47, 61 
(1859) ; id. B. Z. S. 1861, p. 447; Blyth, Mouafs App. p. 362 
(1863); Finsch, Neu~Guin. p. 177 (lb05); Feb. Novum Beis., 
Tog. p. 107 (1865); Wall. lk\ 1865, p. 3*0, n. (3fr: id. J. f. 0. 
1866, p. 281: SeMeg. N. T. I), m. pp. 2(13,205, ;M3 f part.) (1866); 
Bhjtli § Beav, Iks, lfcGT, p. 332; Ball. J. A. S. B. xxxix. ± 

p. 32 (1870); Giek The*. 0)?i. i. p. 5S4 (part. J (1-72); Ball, Str. 
Feath. i. p. 79 (1&73); Sehleg. 31fin>. F.-B. Coluiuha . p 3* (part) 
(1873); Hume, Nests £ j^//^ iii. p. 496 (W3»; *>/. Sir. Feath 
ii. p. 264(1874); ta/zw/. Cat. 17c. Bom, p. 292|W4); Jaw, 
Sir. Feath ii. pp. 80, 84, 96, 103, 114, 1111, 264 (1^74); iSterw, 
P.Z & 1875, p. 108 (part.); i>V^ •#• #*™. p. 145 (1875); 
Koch, Verz. Samml Voyelbidg. p. 2; Br'vgg. Aiji. /f a tunc. Ver. 
Brem. v. p. 85 (1876); Hume, Sir. FeatA. vi. p. 41h (1878), viii 
p. 109 (1879); Sharpe. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 34fe; Bomik Malay. 
Archip. p. 396 (1879); Kelh. Ibis, 1^1, p. 527; Vorderm. N. T 
N. I. xlii. p. 227 (1882); Gates, B. Brit Bttrm. ii. p. 303 <188S); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 443 (1^3); Vorderm. N. T. N. I 
xlvi. p. 236 (1886); B'uttik. Not. Lnjd. Mm. viii. p. 66 (1886): 
Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 202 (note); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. pp. 42, 269 
(1889); Vorderm. N. T. N. I xlix. p. 412 (lb89) ; Everett. Journ. 
Str. Br. B. As. Soc. 1889, p. 195; id. F. Z. S. 1889, p. 225Whiteh. 
Ibis, 1890, p. 56: Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, pp. 135, 284; 
Vorderm. N. T. N. 1.1. p. 507 (Bfflitun) (1890). 
Myristicivora littoralis, Rchnb. A v. S'yst. Nat. p. xxvi Q852) • 
Meyer, J.f. 0.1873, p. 405. 

Myristicivora 
bicolor, Bp. Cmisp. Ai\ ii. p. 36 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1078 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 98 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Fig. pp. 18, 55, n. 98 (1855); Moore, F. Z. 8. 1859, 

p. 466; Rchnb. Tauben, l. p. 116, t. 229. if. 1278-79 (1862), ii. 
p. 182, t. vi. ft 04-65 (1862); Bosenk N, T. N. I xxv, p. 249, 
n. 228 (1863); id. J.f.O. 1864, p. 132, n. 228; G. B. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 229, n. 9187 (1875); Giek Thes. Orn. I p. 584 (1872); 
Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 84 (1872); Soma, Mas. Nae. Lisk 
Columb», p. 10 (1873); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soe.ix. p. 217 (1875); 
Salmd. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 62 (Sanghir Isl.), p. 202, n. 54, 
p. 270, f. 3, p. 276 (lb76); Sharpe, Tr. Limt. Soc., (2) Zool L pp. 347, 
353 (1876); Lenz. J. f. O. 1877, p. 379 (Cerain); Tweedd. 
F. Z. S. 1877, p. 550, 1878, pp. 113, 952: Sahad. F. Z. 8. 1878, 
p. 89; id. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 661 (1879) ; Meyer. Ibis, 
1879, p. 136 (Celebes, Oeram!); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 799; 
17 . MYRISTICTVOKA. 
229 

Tweedd. Voy. Challenge Birds, p. 23 (1881); Salvad. ibid. p. VI 
(1881); Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 184, 380, 412,460,462, 474,573, 
643 (1881); Wardl. Rams. Tweedd. Orn. Works, App. p. 659 
(1881) ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 107 (1882); Selat. P. Z. S. 
1883, pp. 51,195, 200 (Timor Laut); Kutter, J.f. 0.1883, p. 315 
(Philippines); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 433; Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. 
Ges. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 6; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 271 (Sulu), 

p. 416 (Silam), pp. 558, 575 (part.); Bias. Zeitschr. f. d. ges. Orn. 
1886, p. 197; Salvad. Ann. Mies. Civ. Gen. (2) iv. p. 559 (1887) 
(Xias); Bias. Ornis, iv. p. 617 (1888); Pelz. 8r Lorem, Ann. Naturh. 
Hofmus. in. p. 47 (1888); Hem. $ Bchnw. NbmencL Mies. Hem. 
Om. p. 291 (1890); Steere, List Philipp. B. p. 24 (1890); Hartert, 
Kat. Vogelsamml p. 190 (1891); Salmd. Mem. B. Ac. 8c. Tor. 
(2) xiii. p. 58 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 184) (1891). 
31yristicivora luctuosa, Bp. {nee Beinw.) Consp. Av. ii. p. 37 (syn. 
emend.) (1854); id. Com.pt. Bend, xxxix. p. 1078 (1854), ad. 

p. 217, n. 99 (1855) ; id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 18, 55, n. 99 
(1855). 
Carpophaga 
luctuosa, Motl. § Dilhv. (nee Beinto.) Contr. Nat. 
Hist, of Lab. p. 31 (1855); G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columte, 

p. 20 (part. ?) (1856); Bosenb. N. T N. I. xxv. p. 249, n. 224 
(1863); id. J. f. 0. 1864, p. 132, n. 224; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 586 
(part.) (1872)*; Bosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 220 (1878). 
Carpopliaga Httoralis, Hartl. J.f. 0.1855, p. 319 (Mcobars); Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 178 (1805); Bosenb. Versl. Bil. Mas, p. 20 (— ?) 
id. Malay. Archip. p. 108 (1878). 

Carpophaga alba, G. B. Gr. P. Z. S.1860, p. 361. 
Muscadivora bicolor, Schley. Dierent. p. 210 (1864). 
Myristicivora spilorrkoa, ' Whitely (nee Gr.), in Gum. Ibis, 1891, 


p. 275 (Nicobars). 
Myristicivora melanura, part.. Bias. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 709 (Ceram); 
Bemst Dagboek, pp. 127, 160 (Ramoi, Kalwal) (1883); Nehrk 
(nee Gray) J. f. O. 1885, p. 34 (Waigiou); Salvad. Ibis, 1886, 

p. 153. 
Adult male. White with a creamy tiage; winglet, primaryeoverts, 
primaries, and secondaries black; tertiaries white; terminal 
portion of the tail black, the Mack occupying about half the central 
feathers, decreasing in extent towards the outer feathers, and on 
the outermost pair covering merely a small portion of the tip and 
part of the outer web, which towards the tip is white, edged with 
"black; under tail-coverts white or with irregular black spots: 
u legs and feet smalt-blue; bill leaden blue, the tip darkish horny or 
dark plumbeous; irides dark brown " (Davison). Length 16 inches, 
wing 9, tail 5, bill 0*8, tarsus 1*2. 

Female. Like the male. 

Hah. Th.e Indian portion of the Malay Archipelago from Mergui 
and the Andamans and Mcobars as far east as the Philippines, and 
&s far south as Java, and also the Australian portion of the same 
Archipelago, where it meets the other allied species. 

a Ad. sk. Cochin China, Jan. Mr. St. Pierre [P.] 
b, e. Ad. sk. Siam. Purchased. 
d. Ad. sk.
e,f, g. Ad. sk. 
Prov. Wellesley. 
Malacca (Maingay). 
Purchased. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

230

h-l S 2 ad. etpull. sk. 

m. $ pull, sk.
n. 5 ad. sk.
o,p,q. <$ ad. etad. sk.
r, s, (S $ ad. sk.

t, w, v. 3 2 aa^
sk.
w9 x. d ad. sk.

y-c'. c?$ ad. et9 pull. sk.
d',6*. dSad.sk.

/-V. 6 2 ad, etpull. sk. 
t'. 6 ad. sk

u', D\ Ad. sk.
w!. Ad. sk.
x\y'. Ad.sk.
z\ Ad. &k.
a". Ad. sk.
£". Ad. sk.
c". Ad.sk.
d}'. Jad.sk.

e"> f> $"• 6 2

ad. sk. 
h"f i". <$ 2 ad.
sk 
k". S ad. sk.

I", c? ad. sk.

n". Ad. sk.

0". Ad. sk.
p". <S ad. sk.
q'\ Ad. sk,

r/

r, Ad. sk.
s'\ cJad.sk.
£', u". <$ 2 ad.

sk.
v", w". e 2 ad.
sk.
x", y"* 6 2 ad.
sk.
z". Ad. st.
ad. 2 skeleton.

 TEEEONTD^I. 

 Nicobars (JR. J. Wimberley).

 Nicobars, April (A. deBoepstorff). 
Nicobars, March (A. deRoepdorff). 

 Camorta Isl'., Xicobars, Feb.. 
NOT. (W. Daeisoa). 
Camorta Isl., Feb. (J?. J.
Wimberley). 

 Nancowry Isl., Jan., Feb. (iZ.J".

 Wiinberley\. 

 Nancowry Isl., Feb.3March{ If.

 Triiikut M.. Feb., March fir".

 Davison). 

 Trinkut 14.. Feb. (I?. J".

 TreLM., March( W. Danwa).

 Kondul 14.. March f W.
Davimn). 

 BillltOH. ' 
Java. 
Java (Hor&Jield). 
Labuan (Low). 
Enoe I&L 
No locality. 
Manilla:-'* t 
Negros, Philippine LI., March


(A. B. Meyer). 
Melanipa. '

 Nipab, July (A. M. Everett).

 Sakuyok KL Julv [A. II.
Everett). 
Zainboanga, May (A. H.

Everett). 

m". Ad. sk. Sanorhir Isl.

 Sanghir M. (Dr. A, B.
Meyer). 

 Giiolo.

 Mysol (Wallace). 
[New Guinea]. 
[New Guinea] (Wallarr). 
EJSDoulau. "*

 Tenimber IsL, Sept.

 Tenimber IsL, Sept. (II 
Forbes). 

 0. 
Tenimber IsL, Sept. {H. 0.

 Forbes). 
Indian Archipelago,

 Tweeddale CoB. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Hume Coll. 

 Hume Cull. 

 Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Cull. 
Hume Coll. 

 Twutdtlal* Coll. 
Hume Cull. 
Hume Cull. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

 Purcha -HI 

 Ludiu )>hw\im ~JP.\ 

 Sharp Coll, 
Go\oniurlVh<T[G\j. 
Lauuier Coll. 
(Juuld Coll. 
Twewldah* Coll. 


* Challenger" Exp. 
Tweeddale Coil 

 Tweeddale Coll. 

 Tweeddale Col. 

 Salvin-Oodman ColL 
Tweeddale Coll. 

 Wallace ColL 

 Gould ColL 

 Wallace Coll. 

 Tweeddale Coll. 

* Challenger * Exp. 
II. O. Forbes, Esq. 
[Q" 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Tweeddale ColL 

 India Museum [P.]. 
Purchased. 

£3. Skeleton. [India.] Purchased. 

17 . MYKIST1CIY0KA. 
231 

2. llyristicivora spilorriioa. 
Oarpopliaga luetuosa, Gould (nee Hemic), B. Austr. v. pi. 60 (pt. xii., 
lb43) ; G. H. Gr. Gen, B. II. p. 469, n. 4 (part.) (1844); Rchnb. 
Vogel Neuholl. p. 319, n. 421 (IhoO); Maogill Narr. Toy. Hattlesn: 
I p. 115 (1^52); Cas>. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phlad. 1854, p. 231; 

G. H. Gr. Lid B. Brit Mus. Columbse, p. 20 (185b*); Sclat. 
Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 167, n. 142 (185s); Zuchold, J.f. 0. Ife58y 
p. 40; Hams. Ibis, lbt>5, p. bQ (Poit Denison); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. 
i. p. 580 (pait.) (lb72). 
Myiistieh ow luetuo&a, Bp. Co/isp. An. ii. p. 37 (part.) (1854): 
"Rehab. Tauben, i. p. lift, t. 2fld. f. 1276 (1882). 
Carpopliasa 
spilorriioa, G. It. Gr. P. Z. S.1^5S, pp. 180,196 (Aru 
Ibl. antfXew Holland); id. Cat B. New Gum. pp. 47, 61 (1859); 
id. P. Z. S. 1*01, p. 437 ; Roseab. N. T. N. I xxv. p. 249, n. 227 
(1803); id. J.f.O. 1604, p. 132, n. 227; JY/iscfc, Neu-Guin. p. 178 
(1805); JTatf. JR»«, 1W55, p. 380, n. 67; id. J.f.O. 1866, p. 2bl; 
&A%. JV. JT. Ii. iii. pp. 204. 343 (i860); 8aluad. Cat. Uoc. Bom. 
pp. 203, 204, 205 (1ST4); Garrod, P. Z & 1&74, p. 250 (note); 
Sclat. P. Z. K 1570, p. 400; BAIL apud Sclaf. Ibis, 1876, p. 361; 
Ram*. Pr. Linn. Hoc. N. 8. W. i. p. 394 (1676); If Alb. Si/dn. 
Mail, 1877, p. 24h; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 18 (1877) ; 
Rams. Pr. Lam. Sue, N. 8, W. ii. p. 195,11. 519 (1877), iii. p. 103 
(1*7M, iv. p. l;Jl, n. 109 (1879) (South Gape, Louisiade IsL); 
? Fiasrh, P. Z. 8, lb79, p. 17 (New Britain); Sharpe, Journ. 
Linn. 80c, Zool. xn. p. 0 8 (li*70); If All. # Salvad. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gtn. xi\. p. 140 (1^79) ; If Alb. Nuova Gum. pp. 300, 304, 
320, 451, 3>>, >>s (I8KI); il%er, T>r/z. *.-&.#<?*. JT7««, 1881, 

p. 773; Finseh, Tog. d. Sudsee, pp. 28, 39 (1884); Hams. Tab, 
List, p. 18 (18N8); 7>«ft\ iSw, 1889, p. 558 (St. Aignan IsL); 
id. Cat. Coll. B.-p. 43 (IbKJ): Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) 
ix. p. &*& (1890). 
Myri^tieivora spilochroa, Relink Tauben, ii. p. 183 (1862). 
Mvri>ticivora spilorriioa, Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 114 (1865); 
"Rami. Ibis, IfeOO, p. 325 ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 229, n. 9189 
(1870j; Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 84 (1872); Soma, Mus. Nac\ 
Lisb. Columke, p. 10 (1873); Rams. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 115; 
Macleag, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. i. p. 37 (1876); Masters, ibid. 

p. 58y n. 88 (1870); Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 40 (1876), 
p. 202, n. 55 (1876), p. 271 with fig., p. 276 (1877); Masters, 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 274 (lb77) (Port Darwin); Rams* 
Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. iii. p. 292 (1878); Salvad. Atti R. Ac. 
8c. Tor. xiii. p. 323 (1S78) (Tarawa!); id. Ibis, 1879, p. 326; 
D'Alb. Nuova Unin. p. 584 (1880); Salvad. Dm. Pap. e Mol. iii. 
p. Il l (1882); Guiltem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 601 (Am); Heine $ 
Hchnw. NbmencL Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 282 (1890); Salvad. Mem. 
H. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xliL p. 58 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 184) (1891); 
North, Hec. Austr. Mus. i. p. 116 (1891). 
Oarpophaga bicolor, part., Scldeg. N. T. JD. iii. p. 343 (1866); id. 
Mm. P.-B. Columke, p. 98 (part.) (1873); Sharps, P. Z. S. 1875, 


p. 108 (specim. ex Am etAubtralia); Rosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 372, 
561 (part) (1879). 
Myristicivora 
bicolor, Sahad. $* JD^Alb. (nee Scop.) Ann. Mus, Civ. 
Gen. viii. p. SS'2 (1875). 

Similar to M. bicolor,, but tbe under tail-coverts, the feathers of 
the vent and some of the flanks, covering the thighs, with regular 
subapical black spots. 

232 
TEEB0OTDJ2. 

Young birds have the under tail-coverts tinged -with ochreous and 
with the black spots slightly indicated. 
Some specimens have part of the white plumage, or the whole of 
it, tinged with grey. 
Eab. Australia, Eastern Papuan Islands, Eastern New Guinea, 
and also Western New Guinea and Aru Islands, where it meets 

M. Heritor. 
a9 h. S ad. sk. AmlsL Wallace Coll. 
(Types* of species.) 
c, d. Ad. sk. Saibai. Iter. W. MaeFarlane. 
[var.]. 

e. Ad. sk. [var.]. Port Moresby (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman ColL 
/. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Sir E. Belcher [P.*;. 
g, h. 6 2 a<^-s^* Cairncross Isl., Oct. (Copt. Toy of H..M.S. 
Stanley). ' Rattlesnake.' 
?". <$ ad. sk. Horn Isl., Torres Straits, Sept, Vov of H.M.S. 
'"Alert/ 


k. Ad. sk. Pipers LJL, N.E. Australia. Hi mid ColL 
/. $ ad. sk. Port E^sington. J. J^Jukei, Esq.) 
m, n. Ad. sk. et Port Essinofam. Capt.W. Chambers f 

st. (iVpe^ of .species.) 
Somerset, Cape York {Cocforell ri<dviu-< rudintin Coll. 

of p. Ad. sk. £ Thorpe). 
Somerset, Cape York (Cockerell TweecMule Coll. 


q. Ad. sk. 
$ Thorpe). 

r. Ad. sk. Port Albany (C. Cojren). Tweeddale ColL 
s. Ad. sk. N.W. Australia, ftir G. (ir^y [P.], 
t Ad. sk. Australia. Purcha^d.* 
u. Skeleton. New Guinea. 
Purchased. 
v. Skeleton. Port Easinsfton. Purchased. 
3. Myristicivora subfiavescens. 
? Carpophaga luctuosa, Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. So. Philad. 1862, p. 820, 
n. 79 (New Ireland); Rams, (nee Peime.) Pr. Linn. Soc. N. & W. 
i. p. 373 (1876) (New Ireland and Duke of York Island), ii 
p. 376 (1878). " 
Carpophaga spilorrhoa, Sclat. (nee Gray) P. Z. S. 1877, p. 1G9 
(Puke of York Isl.?> 
Carpophaga 
suhflavescens, Fmsch, Ihk7 1881 J, p. 2 (New Ireland); 
Sharpe in Gould's B. New Guin. pt. xxv. pi. 7 (1884); Ibis, 1880, 

p. 140; Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. So. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 58 (Agg. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol p. 184) (1891). 
Similar to M. spilorrhoa, bat the white plumage tinged with 
yellowish, and the wing-coverts, between the alula and primary-
coverts, black, instead of white ; the black spots on the under tail-
coverts larger. 

Hab. New Ireland. 

a. 
J ad. sk. New Ireland. Dr. OttoFmsch[C.]. 
(Type of species.) 
6. 
Ad.sk. New Ireland ? (Red. Tweeddale Coll. 
Brown). 
17 . MXKISTICIVOEA. 
233 

4. Myristicivora melaimra. 
? Columba alba, Zees, (nee Gm.?) Tr. cVOrn. p. 469 (Amboyna) 
(1831): id. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 90 (part.) (1837): id. op. 
cit. 2nd ed. p. 293 (part.) (1838). 

Garpophaga (Myristicivora) melanura, G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. I860, 

p. 361 (Batchian and Gilolo). 
? Garpophaga luctuosa (?), Wall, (nee Temm.) Ibis, 1861, p. 285 
(Ceram). 
Garpophaga 
melanura, Wall, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 33 (Bouru); Finsch, 
Neu-Guin. p. 178 (I860); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 186, n. 66; id. 

J.f. 0. 1866, p. 281; SeMeg. K T. D. iii. pp. 205, 343 (1866) ; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 790 <1875), viii. p. 381 (1876); 
Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 42 (Bouru) (1889). 
Carpophaga 
bicolor, part., Schleg. N. T. D. iii. pp. 204, 205, 343 
(1866) ; Bosenb. Bets naar Zuidoostereil. p. 125 (1867) ; Grieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 584 (part.) (1872); Schleg. Mus. R-B. Oolumbse, 
pp. 98,102, nn. 57, 58, 59, 61, 62 (1873); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, 

p. 108 (part.); Bosenb. (nee Scop) Beht. naar Geelmnkb. p. 8 
(1875); "id. Malay. Archip. p. S2tf (Ceram), p. 372 (part.) (1879). 
Garpophaga luctuosa, part., Bosenb. Reis naar Zuidoostereil. p. 81 
(1867). 
Myristicivora melanura, G. B. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 229, n. 9190 
(1870); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 790 (1875), viii. p. 381 
(1876), ix. p. 203, n. 56 (1876), p. 268 with fig., pp. 269, 276 
(1877), xiv. pp. 661 (1879); id. Orn. Bap. e Mot iii. p. 116 (1882) j 
Bias. $ Wehrk. Verk z.-h. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 429 (Amboyna); 
Bias. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 710 (part., Ceram); Rein. fy. Bchnw. 
Nomeml. Mm. Rein. Orn. p. 282 (1890); Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. 
8c. Tor. (2) xffii. p. 59 (Arjg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 185) (1891). 

Myristicivora 
bicolor, Guillem. (nee Scop.) P. Z. S. 1885, p. 525 
(Halmabera); Sahad. Ibis, 1886, p, 153. 

Similar to M. bicolor, but has the basal under tail-coverts only, 
and the feathers of the vent and some of those covering the 
thighs, with large black spots; the black tail-band broader, and the 
outer web of the outer tail-feathers entirely black or nearly so. 

Hob. Halmahera and Amboyna groups of the Moluccas. 

a. 
§ ad. sk. Batchian. " Wallace Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Batchian. 
Tweed'dale Coll. 
e. <5 ad. sk. Obi Lattou {Leyden Mus.). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d, e,/. $ ad. et Bouru. Wallace Coll. 
ad. sk 

g. Ad. sk. Bouru (Wallace). Seebohm Coll. 
h, i. <$ 2 a#-sk. Bouru, Dec. (R. O. Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Ceram. Wallace Coll. 
/. $ ad. sk. Amboyna. Wallace Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. Goram (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
5. Myristicivora luctuosa. 
Columba luctuosa, Beinw. MS.; Temm. PI Col 247 (livr. 42,1825) ; 
Staph. Gen. Zool xiv.l, p. 287(1826); Desm. Dict.8c. Nat ad. p. 320 
(1826); WaylSyst.Av. Columba, sp.21(1827);£m.2V.d,Orra. p. 469 

234 TKEBO^IDJS. 

(1831); id. CompL de Buff,, Ois. Tiii. p. 91 (1837): id. op. cit. 2nd 
ed. p. 294 (1838); Prev. 4' Jpiip, ity. ii.pl. si. (lbSS-43). 

Carpophaga luctuosa, Self*. Natvr. Zibr., Pig. p. 119 \IF%o): G. J?. 
Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 409, n. 4 (part.) f1^44 J; Mrhnh. Sijn. Av. 
Columbfle, f. 1277 [nee 1570) (1547); CW. Pr. Ac. Xaf. 8c. 
Phiiacl 18-34, p. 231 (wrong lucidity); r fi. It. Or. Zist B. Brit. 
Mus. Columbte. p. 20 (Ifcoti): Wall. P. Z. b. 1MJ2. pp. 335, 344 
(Sula KL), lb03, p. 33 ; Wad. Zbt\ 1SU3, pp. 3^1 39*5 I Celebes, 
tiuk Iakiids>; *SVM^/. X T. 1>. iii. pp. i'(>:j. -043 (lS*;t>>; :-tfr/af. 

P. 2. 6*. 1507, p. fc20; tf^. T?*s. Orn. i. p. .» ; fpait.j (1*7:2;; 
Sharpe, P. Z. S. lb7o, p. 10** ; Bt>?f?fffM. Ahh. //t/tirric. Ttr. Brew. 
v. p. So (187U); Jij/3. TV/-A. ;;.-7A ftA. JF/^, 1-70, p. 719 ; JWw&. 
Malay. Archip. p. 27o (1*7^\\ "t iidnt. Zhi Vtrt. An. ^th ed. 
p. 443 (1^3); Pel;:, cy Zorenz. Attn. Xatvth, Ilo^avs. iii. p. 47 
(18N3J ; 7ViV'/\ Orf. 6>tf. B. p. 42 11 ^9). 
Myristicivora luctuo-a, liohnh. *V/^. Ac. Xafir. p. X\TU (1^.J2) ; Bp, 
"Co/thp. Ar. ii. p. 57 (part. 111 H->1 : /</. Compt Itwtfl. xxxix. p. 1078 
(1854), xl. p. 217, n. iiO \\<}"J)I iff. (h?q» d'a / Ordrt Pig. }p. 18, 
53, n. 99 (lSo5j ; llchah. Taabttu i. p. 110 \part. . t. L'L'9. i. 1277 
{nee 1L>70) (1**321, ii. p. 1^3 tlNtt/; r/. It. (h\ linnd-lht, ii, 

p. 229, n. f»l^ (lS"Oj; JFV////. 7V. #*/. /w.%iii. p. -1 (1&72); 
¥ Soma, Mux. Site. ZM. Cnlundv , p. In il**73i; **>>/W, ^f/w. 
i¥?«. Cfe Gen. iii. p. 072 (lH7oi, i\. pp. 203. 200, 2*J7, 2fK 270, 
273,275,270 (1*77); X^r, J. f. 0. 1ST* p. ^7-; Mi/a-, IbU, 
1S79, p. 130; Bias. J.f. 0. l^h. p. 13!!; <V; V/, ,w. P. Z!H. lfcso. 
p. 537; 2/fa.s*. Zeitsckr. f. //M. O/V?. iii. p. 1- 2 { l^-Oi: linn. 6f 
Itcluno. Xomenel.Mvs. Unit. Qui, p. i^I fMilu !| (1*W)|, 
Similar to 21. hkohj,\ but all the <juilk, in< lu<r*intr the tertiaries, 
slate-grey, with black margins; ba«ul uider tail-coverts only, 
feathers of the vent, and some feathers* of the tlnnk*. covering the 
thighs, with large black spots ; tail as in M. bkuhi* and 3L sjnlorrhoa, 
viz., with the black decreasing towards the outer leathers, 
and the outer ones only black at the rip and on the edge of the 
onter web. 


This species differs from all it* allies by all the quills being 
slate-grey and by the mealy grey colour aln.o4 concealing the Hack 
of the wings. 

Hab. Celebes and Sula Islands. 

a, h. Ad. sk. Menadu, X. Celebes Gould Coll. 
c.Ad.sk. Menado, X. Celebes. "Wallace Coll. 

d. Ad. sk. N. Celebes Wallace Coll. 
e,/. Ad. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. Celebes. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h% Ad. sk. Makassar. Wallace VA II. 
i. J ad. sk. Makassar ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. Sula Isl. ( Wallace). Gould Coll 
/. Ad. &k. Sula M. {Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
m, n. Ad. sk. Sula Isl. Wallace Coll 
o. Skeleton. Zoological Society** Coll. 
18 . L0PH0L2EMTTS. 
235 

18. 
LOPHOLJEMUS. 
Type. 
Lopkorhynckiib, 8w. (necVieill. 1816) Class. B.n. p. 348 
(1837) L. antarcticus. 
Lopkolaimus, 
G. R. Gr. in Gould's B. of Austr. v. 
pi. 61 fpt. y., 1841J ; id. List Gen. B. 2nd ed. App. 


p. 12 (1842) , L. antarcticus. 
Lopkolteraus, Aqassiz, KomencL ZooI.f Aves, p. 43 
(1846). 
LopholGenaiis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 218 (1855). 
Range. Eastern Australia, from Cape York to Tasmania. 


1. Lopixolffimiis antarcticus. 
Oolumba antaretica, Shaic, Zool. of New Soil. p. 15, pi. 5 (17—h). 

Columba dilopka, Temm. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 124 (1821); id. PL 
Col 162 (iivr. 28, 1823); Stejjh. Gen. Zool xiv. 1, p. 279 (1826); 
Desm. Bid. 8c. Nat. xl. p. 312 (1826); Wagl Syst. Av. Columba, 
sp. 11 (1827); 8elb. Nat. Zibr.f Pigeons, p. 129, pi. 10 (1835); 
Knip $ Prec. Pig. ii. pi. 19 (1838-43). 

Lophorhyncluis diluphus, 8w. Class. B. ii. p. 348 (1837). 
Lopkorhynckus antarcticus, G. II. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 58 (1840). 
Lopholanntib antarctic uh, Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 01 (pt. v., 1841); 

G. It Gr. Liht Gen. B. 2nd ed. App. p. 12 (1842); id. Gen. B. 
ii. p. 4(59 (1844); Rehnb. Syn. Av. ff. 1304-5 (1847) ; Elyth, Cat 
B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 232, n. 1408 (1849); Rchnb. Vbgel Neuholl 
p. 819, n. 422 (1K50); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mas. Columto, 
p. 25 (18.50); Rvhnh. Tauten, i. p. 121, t. 234. ft'. 1304-5 (1862) ; 
Bennett, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 250 ; Selat. P. Z. S.1804, p. 158; Gould, 
Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 116 (1865); Pelz. Novara Reis., Vdg. 
p. 108 (1865); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 232, n. 9230 (1870); 
Gieh. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 494 (1875); Earn. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 115: id. 
Pr. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. ii. p. 195, n. 520 (1878); Rams. Tab, List, 
p. 18, n. 533 (1888); North, Bescr. Cat Nests $ Eggs, p. 271 
(1889); id. Ree. Austr. Mus. i. p. 117 (1891). 
Lopholfemus antarcticus, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 41 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1103 (1854) ; id. Coup oVmil Ordr. Pig. p. 19 
(1855); Selat (?) Ibis, 1862, p. 286; Selat. P. Z. S.1864, p. 158 
(living specimens); Rams. Ibis, 1866, pp. 325, 326; Sousa, Mus, 
Nac. Lisboa, Columbia, p. 12 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 468, 639, 1874, pp. 250, 251, 252, 254, 256, 258, 259; Salv. 
Cat. B. 8trichl Coll p. 554 (1882); 8clat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 

p. 444 (1883) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 (1889) Rein. $ Rehnw. 
Nomencl. Mus. Hem. Orn. p. 283 (1890); Hartert, Eat. Vogelsamml. 
p. 189 (1891). 
Lopholoemus antarcticus, Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 218, n. 112 (1855); 

id. Coup d'ceilOrdr. Pig. p. 56, n. 112 (1855). 
Muscadivora antaretica, 8chleg. Be Bierent. p. 210 (1864). 
Stictcenas antaretica, 8chleg. Mus. P.-B. Columte, p. 74 (1873). 

Adult. General plumage grey, darker above than below; frontal 
crest grey, occipital crest rust-red; from the eye to the occiput a line 
of black, meeting behind, is continued for a short distance down the 
back of the nock ; sides of the head tinged with rust-red; feathers 
of the chin elongated ; the feathers of the neck and breast hackled; 
quills black, the inner secondaries grey; tail black, with the base 
grey, and crossed by a band of buffy grey about an inch from the 

236 TBEKQ20DJE. 

extremity: " irides fiery orange, surrounded by a lash of pink-red, 
and seated in a bare mealy space of the same colour, but fiardly so 
bright; bill bright rose-red, inclining to lilac at the tip; fleshy 
part covering the nostrils and at the base of the lower mandible 
greenish lead-colour in the male, and lead-colour in the female; 
feet purplish red; back of the tarsi and soles of the feet greyish 
brown " (Gould). Length about 15 inches, wing 10*4, tail 8, bill 
(exposed culmen) 0*6, tarsus 1*25. 

Young. Crest shorter, and tail-band narrower and less defined. 
Hob. Eastern Australia, from Cape York to Tasmania. 

u7 b. Ad. sk. Australia. 

c. Ad. sk. Llnnean Soc. [P.1. 
(Type of Calumha dihphay Temm.) 

d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
3. Jukes). Upstart Bar (J. B. 
" ' 
Toy. of H.M.S. < My.J 
Gould Coil. 
/ . Ad. sk. Australia. Seebohm Coll. 
//. Imm. sk. Queensland. Sydney Museum [P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. 8. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll. 
/. Ad. sk.
k. Skeleton. 
K.E. Queen-land (J. T.
Cockerel!). 
Salvin-Gudman Coll. 

h). HEMIPHAGA-
Type. 
Hemiphaga *, Bp. Comp. An. il. p. *3fa (1654) * id. 
Compi. Mend. xxxk. p. 1076 (1854).......... IL novae zealandise. 
Range. New Zealand Subregion. 

Key to the Species. 

//. Outer upper wing-coverts metallic green, with a 
greyish tinge; hind neck and back uniform [p. 238. 
coppery chestnut; under tail-coverts white nova zealandim^ 

1>. Outer upper wing-coverts distinctly greyish. 

a'. Hind neck golden green, sharply defined from 
the coppery chestnut back ; under tail-coverts 
white spadicm, p. 238. 

//, Hind neck, as well as the neck all round and 
crop-region, dark metallic green with a 
purple-blue tinge, sharply defined from the 
coppery chestnut back; longer under tail- [p. 289. 
coverts dull metallic green. ekathamemw, 

1. Hemiplmga novae zealandiae. 
New Zealand Pigeon, Lath. Gen. 8yn. ii. pt % p. 640, n. 34 (1783). 
Oolumba nov-B-seelandiae, Gm. & N. L 2, p. 773. n. 5 (1788) ; JBliman, 
ZooL 1861, p. 7467. 

Oolumba zealandica, Lath. Lid. Orn. II. p. 603, n. 37 (1790); Temm. 
Big. et Gallin. i. p. 464 (1813); VieilL N. Z>. xxvi. p. 354 (1818) ; 
Steph. Gen. ZooL xi. p. 38 (1819) ; I)esm. Diet. So. Mat xl. p. 373 
(1826); Wagl Byst An. Oolumba, sp. dub. 4 (1827). 

* I suppose that Hemiphaga (!) stands for He/ti&arpophaga* 
19 . KEMIPHAGA. 
237 

Columba novse-zelandise, Bonn. Enc. Mith. i. p. 246 (1790). 

Colombe hagarrero, Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. p. 371 (1813). 

Columba spadicea, Less, (nee Lath.) Voy. Coq., Zool. i. 2, p. 710 

(1828); id. Tr. WOrn. p. 469 (1831). 
Columba leucogaster, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 739 (nee Syst. Av.). 
? Columba spadicea leucophsea, Hombr. §• Jacq. Ann. Sc. Nat (2) 

Zool. xvi. p. 319 (1841) (Akaroa, He Tavai-Pounammou, Nouvelle 
Zelande). 
Carpopkaga novas seelandige, G. R. Grr. in JDieff. Trav. ii. App. p. 194 
(1843). 
Columba argetrsea, Forst. Icon. ined. t. 137; id. (ed. Liclit.) Descr, 
An. p. 80 (1844) (ins. Australi Kovge Zeelandise). 

Carpophaga novae zealandiaa, G. R. Gr. List of Galling B. M. p. 5 
(1844) ; id. Gen. B. ii. p. 468, n. 8 (1844); bass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sc. 
Philad. 1854, p. 231 (part.) ; G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. 
Columbse, p. 21 (18-56); Cass. U. 8. Expl Exped,, Birds, p. 255 
(1858) ; Haast, Ibis, 1862, p. 105 ; G. R. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 231; 
Sclat? Mis, 1862, p. 285; Layard, Ibis, 1863, p. 241 ; Pelz. 
Novara Exped., Vogel, p. 107 (1863); Bidler, Essay Orn. N. Zeal. 

p. 13 (1865); id. New Zeal. Exh. p. 255 (1866) ; Hector, New Zeal 
Exh. p. 276 (Otago) (1866) ; Finsch, J. f. O.1867, p. 328; Sutton, 
Ibis, 1867, p/379 ; id. Tr. # Pr. N. Z. Inst. i. pp. 160,164 (1868); 
Finsch, J. f. O. 1870, p. 334 (part.); Mutton, Ibis, 1870, p. 398 
(Auckland); id. Cat B. N. Zeal. pp. 21, 75 (1871); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 686 (1872); Finsch, J.f.O. 1872, p. 168; ScMeg. Mus. 
P.-B. Columbiio, p. 98 (syn. emend.) (1873); Buller, Hist. B. of 
New Zeal. p. 157, pi. 18 (1873) ; Buller, Ibis, 1874, p. 117; Finsch, 
J.f.O. 1874, p. 192 (part.); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 250; Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1876, p. 2; Kirk, Tr. $ Pr. N. Zeal List xii. p. 248 
(albino) (1880) ; Salv. Cat B. Strickl. Coll. p. 554 (1882); Finsch, 
Ibis, 1882, p. 397; Bull Man. B. Neto Zeal p. 41, pi. 18 (1882); 
Kirk, Tr. N. Z. Inst, xviii. p. 129, fig. var. (1885); Bull. B. 2V. 
Zeal 2nd ed. i. p. 229, pi. 24 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 
(1889); Kirk, Ibis91889, p. 297 (var.). 
Hemipnaga 
novae zealandias, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 38 (1854); id, 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1077 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 106 (1855), xli. 

p. 658 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 17, 55, n. 106 (1855); 
G. R. Or. Handlist, ii. p. 231, n. 9221 (1870) ; Sousa, Mus. Nac. 
Lisb. Columbse, p. 11 (1873); Hein. 8; Rchnw. Nomencl. Mm. 
Hein. Orn. p. 283 (1890). 
Hemipnaga novas seelandise, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 113, t. 227. f. 2480 
(1862), ii p. 182, Novit Suppl. t. v. f. 60 (1862). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and upper breast shining golden green, 
with, coppery reflections ; nape, back, scapulars, and smaller wing-
coverts chestnut-purple, with coppery reflections; lower back, rump, 
and upper tail-coverts greyish metallic green; longer upper tail-
coverts bronze-green; lower breast, abdomen, tibial feathers, and 
under tail-coverts white; primaries brown, with metallic-green lustre 
on the outer web, and greyish towards the base; secondaries and 
greater wing-coverts metallic bronze-green: quills underneath 
brown-greyj under wing-coverts pale grey; tail-feathers above 
brown with a green lustre, and with the tips lighter brown; tail 
underneath dark grey, with a broad brown subapical band, scarcely 
apparent on the outer feathers: " irides and feet carmine-red; 
soles yellow; bill carmine-red in its basal half, changing to yellow 

23S 
TBEBOJSXDJB. 

towards the tip; e]Telids pale red " ( Built r). Total length 21 
Inches, sving 10-25, tail 7*5<>, hill to the edge of the frontal feathers 
0-6? tarsus 1*25. 

Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat duller. 

Young. " The underparts have a rufous tinge, which is deepest on 
the flanks and under tail-coverts ; the hill and iride* are of a lighter 
colour than in the adult, and the feet instead of beins: carmine are 
of a bright coral-red; the soles pale brown instead of yellow.1* 

(Bailer.) 
Sab. Xew Zealand and Auckland Islands* 

a. Ak. sk. New Zealand. >\r E. Home "P.". 
b. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Sir G. Grey "P. "7 
0, d. <$ 2 ad. sk. New Zealand (F. Strange). Capt. Stake* "^P."]. 
e,f. J $ acl. sk Dunedin. May. flume Coll. 
g*Ji, i Ad. et Bay of Inlands. Antarctic Ex]). 
imm. sk. 

k. Ad. sk. Bay of Islands, Nov. M'Cuimick Bequest 
1, m. Ad. et imm. Bav of Islands Lieut. A. Smith, UN. 
tit. " "P.". 

2. Hemiphaga spadicea. 
Che^tnut-^hoiiHered PvstHjn, Zrifh. fy/i. Suppl. ii. mid. p. fj7-*i (IBG2) 
(Norfolk I-land); id. Gtn. Ilkt. % ill. p. :J0 < 1*2:J I. 

Columba tpadicea, Lath. Ltd. Orn. tivppL p. 1\, L. 7 I iMJi' r ?; Tnnm. 
LV K/dp, Piy. faiii. MCI *ndef p. 3. pi, 1 f lt>0*j ; Tnnm. Mist. Xr/t. 
Pig. et flalHn. i. pp. 74, 414 {Norfolk I-Lull (1^1;J|; J7n7/. S.D. 
xxvL p. :i42 ll^hb); &te/ih. G^n.ZaoLxi. p. il2(l*li)): VuilhEnc. 
JWVM. i. p. :J77 (1^3): 2ta>/«. Diet, tie. MiL xl. p. :J!0 (lte2G); 
&/£. Xatur. Zibr.7 Pigeon*, p. 327. pi. ix, |IK>JJ. 

Columba prig-as, Mans. Stem. Zoo!, ill. pt. 1, p. 22;j (1821), 
Columba Ieucueabter, Waf/L Hmi. Av. Columba, >p. 12 (1827) 
(Norfolk M.): ' 
Columba prineeps, Vig.P.Z.S. 1$33? p. 7* (Australia!;; Jarrf. $* 
$?#. I//. of Orn. n. s. pi. v. (1836). 

Carpopbaga spadicea, G. P. Gr. Lki of GalUna* B. M. p. (S (1844); 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 408, n. 0 (1S44); Hartl.ff.sf. Verz. p. 118 (1S44J : 
JfeAnS. Sgn.Ar. Ooliimbariie, f. 1280 (1847); iW*, Un.Sl BspL 
Exped., Birds, n. 117 (1848); Ilartl. Wier/ai. Archir, 1852, p. 115 j 

0.22. 6V. £w*2?. XVa Mm. Columbfts p. 23 (3N;8I (Australia!): 
id. Ibis, 1802, p. 232 (Norfolk Island); tf*Vk The*. Orn. i. p. 588 
(1872); -fSartert, Eat Vogekamml. p. ISO (S.Australia!) (1891). 
Hemipbaga 
spadicea, Bp. Cvn&p. Av. ii. p. 39 (1&34); id. Compt 
Bend, xxxix. p. 1077 (1854), xl. p. 217, a. 107 (I8oo); & Cbwp 
(f a^7 0/Y/>\ P*};. pp. 177 5o, n. 107 (ISoS); r. P?/z. #*&. .4&w£ 
JFm fe, xli. p. S'26 (1800) fife, 1860, p. 422) • Rchnb. Tmtbim. 

i. p. 113, t. 230. f. 1286 (1802), ii. p. 182 (1802); Q. P. Gr. 
Sand-list, ii. p. 233, n. 9222 (1870); ? Sbusa, Mm. Nac. Zisk 
Columbai, p. 11 (1873) ; ? Seiru fy JRchnw. NomenoL Mm. Seiti. 
Orn. p. 283 (1890). 
Wood-quest, Downing, Pr. R. Sac. Tasm. m. ft ii. p. 208 (1859). 
Muscadivora spadicea, Schleg. De Dierent. p. 210 (1864). 

Adult. Similar to H. novce zealandim^ but ncnicb more greyish oa 

19. HEillPHAGA. 
the wing-coverts, secondaries, rump, and upper tail-coverts, and 
with the coppery green of the hind neck sharply defined from the 
chestnut colour of the mantle. Size about that of H. novcs 
zealandice. 

There is only one specimen in the British Museum, and this not 
in very good condition, as it has the tail and quills broken. This 
bird has never been found in Australia, as stated by several ornithologists 
; probably it is extinct. 

KHob. Xorfolklsland. 

a. Ad. sk. "Xorfolk Island.] Old Coll. 
3. Hemiphaga chathamensis. 
Uarpophaora novae z^alandias, 
Trovers, TV. Sf Pr. N. Z. Inst I p. 178 
(1808) (Chatham Wands); Flmch, J. f. 0. 1870, p. 334 (part); 
Button, Ibis, 1872, p. 24t> (Chatham Islands) ; Trams, Tr. fy Pr. 

N. Z. Inst. v. p. 210 {Chatham Islands) (1873); Mutton, Ibis, 
1874, p. 38; FinscJt, J. f. O. 1874, p. 192 (part.); Butt. Man. B. 
New Zeal p. 41 (part.) (1^32). 
Oarpojihas'a chathaxnens>is, Rothsch. P. Z. S. 1891, p. 312, pi. xxviii. 
{Chatham Hand-); Butter, Tr. N. Z. Inst xxiv. p. 80 (1892). 
Carpophaga chathaniica, II. 0. Forbes, Nature, vol, 46- pp. 252-3 

(1802j . 

Adult male. Head dark metallic green, changing on the neck and 
fore part of the breast into deep metallic green with a purple-blue 
finite ; interscapular region and wing-coverts up to bend of the 
wing, lower back, rump, outer wing-coverts, and quills mealy 
grey, the latter and also the quills with narrow green edges; longer 
upper tail-coverts grey, with a green tinge ; inner quills and their 
coverts metallic green, with a mealy appearance in the middle; 
under wing-coverts pearl-grey; quills underneath dark greyish 
black, lighter towards their base; breast and abdomen snowy white, 
flanks light grey; basal under* tail-coverts grey, partly white on the 
inner webs, the longer ones dull metallic green; tail above deep 
steel-blue, with a grey tinge at the base, and the tips edged with 
pale brown; tail below brown-black, with the base grey, the grey 
portion increasing on the outer feathers, especially on the outer 
web : " irides dark red; bill rich orange one third from the base, 
remainder purple-lake; feet of a pink-red; sides pinkish fleshcolour" 
(H. 0. Forbes). Total length 20 inches, wing 10*75, 
tail 8*5, biH 0*75, tarsus 1*05. 

Female, Similar to the male. 
Hal. Chatham Islands. 
This species, besides being very different; in colouring from 

II. novcB zealandice, has a much stronger bill; in the extent of the 
grey colour on the wings and lower back it resembles H. spadicea. 
a, b. <$ ad. et ad. sk. Chatham Islands. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. [P.]. 
(Types of C. chatkamica, Fork) 

240 
COLUMBID^. 

Family II. COLUMBIMl. 

Key to the Subfamilies. 

a. Tail moderate, not longer tlian the Tvings. 1. COL UMBIXJS, p. 240, 
b. Tail longer than the wings. 
a'. Tail £road, with the feathers not acu- fp. 333. 
minate at the tip 2. MACEOPYGIIXJE, 
V, 
Tail rather narrow, with the feathers fp. 389. 
acuminate 3. ECTOPISTINJS, 

Subfamily I. C0LO1BIXJBL 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Tarsus feathered for two thirds of its 
length; lores and eyelids broadly naked. 1. GYMXOPHAPS, p. 240, 
b. Tarsus feathered just on the upper"rart for 
a small extent, never more than half its 
length. 
a1. Fii-fct primary much longer tiian the 
sixth ..,.." ... 2. COLUMBA, p. 24L 
b'. Firsat primary about equal to sixth; tail 
uniform rufous 3. XESCBXAR, p. 327. 


c. Size smaller, not larger than that of the 
Common Bore; hind neck with yery 
bright metallic colours; sexes often very 
dissimilar ,..". 4. TUBTCBCENA, p. 328. 
1. 
GYJE6T0PEAML 
Type. 
Gymnophaps, Salmd. Ann. Mus. Cn\ Gen. YL p. 80 
(1874) . G. albertML 

"Range. New G-uinea. 

1. Gynraophaps albertisii. 
Gymnophaps albertisii, Sahad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vi. p. 86 (1874) : 
Bece. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 (1875); Salmd. Arm. Mm. 
Civ. Gm. ix. p. 203, n. 57 (1676) ; Peiz. Verh. sr.-k Ge$. Wi&i, 
1876, p. 720; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Cm Gem. x. p. 159 (1877); 
UAlb. 4' Salmd. Ann. Mm. Cm. Gem. xiv. p. 120 (1879); UAlb. 
Nuom Guin. pp. 53,213, 500, 503,582, B88 (1880); Skarpe, Jour. 
Linn. Soc., Zool. XYL p. 446 (1882) ; Salmd. Orn. Pap. e Md. iii. 
ff. 178,560 (1882); Guillem. P.Z.S, 1885, p. 661 (Arfak and 
Jobi); Finsch fy Meyer, Zeitsvhr.f. ge%. Orn. J886, p. 28 (Horseshoe 
range); Meyer, Ibis, 1800, p. 423 (Constantlne Harbour); 
Be Vis, Ann. Pep. Brit. Xeiv Gum. p. 62 (Caesar Spur) (1890); 
id. Colon. Papers, n. 103, p. 116 (1890); id. Ibis, 1891, p. 41 ; 

2 . COLTOIBA. 241 
Salvad. Ami. Mm. Ch\ Gen. (2) x. p. 825 (Bujakori, S.E. New 
Guinea) (1891); id. Mem. B. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlli. p. 59 (Ayg. Orn. 
Pap. e MoL p. 135) (1591). 

Adult male. Upper parts lead-grey, the feathers of the back an d 

the upper wing-coverts with a slight green lustre and edged with 

blackish ; throat purple-chestnut; sides of the neck lead-grey like 

the upper parts ; breast amethystine white ; abdomen purple-cbest


nut; tibial feathers and under tail-coverts grey; sides and under 

wing-coverts lead-grey; quills slate-black; tail also slate-black, 

with a grey band at the tip: " bill, feet, irides, and naked space 

round the eyes carmine-red" (D'Albertis). Total length about 

14 inches, wing 8, tail 5'25, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*95. 

Female. Apparently like the male. Some specimens, perhaps 

not fully adult, have the throat grey mixed with chestnut, the 

purple-chestnut colour of the abdomen also with a slight grey wash, 

and the amethystine-white colour of the breast minutely freckled 

with grey. 

Young. Upper parts dusky brown ; some of the inner secondaries 

and their coverts tinged with rusty towards the tips; breast white, 

the tips of the feathers brown; middle of the abdomen and under 

tail-coverts tinged with rusty brown. 

Hah. Xew Guinea. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. A. Goldie, Esq. [C.]. 

c. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll. 
d. Juv. sk. Astrolabe Mts. Dr. Romilly [P.J. 
e. Ad. sk. Port Moresby (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/, ffy k. Ad. sk. 8.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Sharpe Coll. 
h Ad. sk. New Guinea. Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
2. COHTMBA* ™ 
lype. 
Coluniba, Linn. S. 2VT. i. p. 279 (1766) C. livia. 
Palumbus, Xaitjp, NatilrL Synt. p. 107 (1829) .. C. palumbus. 
Les Picazuros, Less, Compl. de Buff. viii. p. 95 


(1837)..... . 
Alsocomus, " Ticked* Blyth, J. A. S. B. xL 1, 


p. 4G1 (1842) 0. punicea. 
Dendrotreron, Rodgs, in Grafs Zool. Misc. p. 85 
(1844) '. C. hodgsoni. 
Patajricenas, Rchnb. Ad. Si/st, Nat. p. xxv (1852) C. leucocephala. 
Lepidcenas, Rchnb. ibid. C. spwciosa. 
litbcenas, Rchnb. ibid. ..... C. livia. 
Taenioenas, Rchnb. ibid C. albitorques. 
Chloroenas, JRcknb. ibid. C. fasciata. 
Stictoenas, MeJmb. ibid. 0. arquatrix. 
Janthoenas, Rchnb. ibid. C. ianthina. 

* I feel quite sure that the numerous species of the genus Coluniba ought to 
be arranged in several subgenera, but as only some of these can be easily 
defined, while others defy, at least for the present, precise definition, I have 
thought it best to leave them all, as a whole, in one genus. 
VOL. XXI. B 

242 
COLUMBIB^. 

Picazurus, Ohenu <$• Des Murs (1853), jide Des Type-
Murs in Chenu, Enc, d?Hist. Nat., Ois. YL 
p. 39 (1854 ?) C. picazuro. 
Strictoenas (errore ?), Des Murs in Chenu, Enc. 
dJHist Nat, Ois. vi. p. 40 (1854?) (=Stictoenas). 
Leucomelasna, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 44 (1854) .. C. leucomela. 
Jantheenas,I?p. op.cit. p. 44 (1854) (=Janthcenas). 
Troeaza, Bp, op. eif. p. 45 (1854): id, Compt 
Bend, xxxix. p. 3104 (1854) C. trocaz. 
Columba, subgen. PaluinbasHa, Bp. Consp, Av. 
ii. p. 49 (1854) C. oenas. 
Tsenigenas, Bp. op. cit. p. 49 (1654) {=T<enicenas). 
Crossophthalmus, Bp. op. cit. p. 55 (3854) C. grmnophthakna. 
Chloraenas, Bp. Ann. Se. Nat, ZooL (2) i. p. 140, 
n. 16595 (1854) (=Chloro&nas). 
Stictsenas, Bp. ibid. n. 1680 (1854) (=Sticto?nas). 
Patagisenas, Bp. ibid. n. 1661 (1854J (=Patagi<
Bnas). 
Lepidsenas, Bp. ibid. n. 1662 (1854) ( = Lepidcenas), 
Leucomeloena, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1104 
(1854) (=Leucomelaena). 
Palumbsena, Bp. Compt Rend, xliii. pp. 83% 948 
(1856) 0. oenas. 
Leucomelaina, Rchnb. Tauten, i p. 52 (1£62) 
(=Leucomelaena). 
Leucotasnia, Rchnb. Tauben, Ii p. 167 (1802) .. C. unicincta. 
Dendropkaps, Bp, (ubi *\fide &. R. Or. Handlist, 
ii. p. 233 (1870) (=sDendrotreron). 
Columba, subgen. Rupicola, Bogd. Consp. Ai\ 
Imp. Ross. fasc. i. p. 1 (1884) . 0. livia. 
Columba, subgen. Sylvicola, Bogd. op. cit. p. 3 
(1884) C. oenas ? 
Ccelotreron, Seine, Nomenel Has. Hein, Orn. 
p. 275 (1890) (=PalumbcBnas). 
Patagcenas, Heine, op. cit p, 276 (1890) (=Pa~ 
tagioenas). 
Range. Universallj distributed. 

Key 
to the Species*. 

a. General plumage not uniform. 
a\ 
General plumage wbite-grey; apical balf of tbe 
tail black (Leucomas) ... T grisea, p. 248. 

* I hare not seen tbe following species:— 
OOLFMBA UNICINCTA. 

Oolumba umcrncta, Cass. Pr. Ac. Phifad. 1859, p. 143 (Ogobai); Heine, 

J.f. 0. 1859, p. 434; Earth J.f. 0. 1861, p. 266; G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 232, n. 9239 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. L p. 752 (1872); 
SehUg. Not. Leyd. Mm. m. p. 57 (1881); Shell Ibis, 1883, p. 277 
2 , C0LTT3IBA.. 

b'. General plumage not white-grey. 
a". Wing-coverts with some dark bands or patches. 
a'". Two black bands across the wings ( Cokunha). 


aA. A white band across the middle" of the tail. 
a5. Underparts white leuconota, p. 249. 
h5. Underparts grey rupestris, p. 250. 

b4. Xo white band across the tail, which is dark 
grey with a subapical Mack band; upper tail-
coverts dark siate-grey like the tail. 


c5. Hump white. 
a*. General plumage grey lima, p. 252. 
bB. General plumage slate-grey, almost slate-

black gymnocyclus, 
d5. Rump not pure white. Pp. 257. 
cG. Rump very pale grey, like the general 
plumage schimperi, p. 258. 
d*. Rump arrey like the back; general plumage 
bluish grey intermedia, 
br". Some dark patches or spots on the innermost [p. 259. 
upper wing-coverts. 
cK Feathers of the neck normal; no white nuchal 
band (Palumbcenas). 
ef). Head with no vinaceotis tinge on the upper 
part „ , cenas, p. 261. 
f"\ Head vinaceous on the upper part eversmanm, 
dK Feather* of the neck lanceolate; a white [p. 264. 
band below the occiput (Tmnicenas) alhitorques, 
b". Wings with no dark patches or bands. [p. 265. 
c'". Feathers of the neck deeply bifurcated (JDia


lipfila). 
«*. Rump pale grey guinea, p. 266. 
/' . Rump dark grey pkceonota, p. 268. 

d'". Feathers of the neck not bifurcated. 
g*. Mantle, scapulars, and wing-coverts deci-» 
dedly earthy brown {Picazunm). 


Buttik. Not Leyd. Mus. vii. p. 226, pi. 6 (1885), x. p. 97 (1888), xi. 

p. 185 (1889); id. Beisebild. am Liber, pp. 423, 476 (1889). 
Leucotgenia unicincta, Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 167 (1862). 
Admit male. " Head above and neck light cinereous; back and upper wing-
coverts dark lead-colour, every feather edged with light bluish cinereous, 
giving a squamose or scale-like character to those parts; rump and upper tail-
coverts dark lead-colour, more obscurely edged with bluish ashy. Underparts 
pale vinaeeous, nearly white on the throat and pale ashy on the sides and 
flanks; middle of the abdomen, tibiae, and under tail-coverts white. Quills 
ashy black, narrowly edged externally with white; tail dark lead-colour, nearly 
black, with one wide transverse band of white across the middle of all the 
feathers. Under wing-coverts dark cinereous" (Casdn). "Iris red, and also 
the naked space round the eye; bill blackish, point pale horn-coiour; feet 
grey " {Buttikofer). Total length about 13 inches, wing 8, tail 5. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Hah. Western Africa—-G-aboon and Liberia. 
Only two specimens are known of this rare species—a male, the type, in the 


Philadelphia Museum, from the Kiver Ogobai, collected by Duchaillu; and a 
female, in the Leyden Museum, from Liberia, collected by Buttikofer at Sofore* 
Place. 

R2 

244 
C0LTJMBID.3E. 

g5. Hind neck with narrow grey and black 
transverse markings or lines. 


66. Hump pale grey ; tail uniform sandy grey, 
under tail-coverts whitish; round the eyes 
a ring of prominent papillje gymnopMfoalma, 
/ 6 . Rump dark grey; tail dark grey, with a jp. 269. 
broad terminal black band; under tail-
coverts dark grey piraxuro, p. 371. 

Tt*. Hind neck unSbrm vinous, with no transverse 
markings. 


y6. Outer upper wing-coverts broadly edged 
with white; the white markings on the 
smaller and median wing-coveits not of 
a triangular shape, but a= apical edges ... . alhlj^nnis^ p. "272. 

k6. Outer upper wing-coverts with rather narrow 
white edges; smaller and median wlngcoverts 
with very conspicuous white triangular 
spots maculosa, p. 273. 

kl. Mantle, scapulars, and upper wing-coverts 
not earthy brown. 
t'\ Upper wing-coverts distinctly spotted with 


wliite (Dendrotreron). 
i6. Head entirely grey kodgsmi, p. 274. 
ks. Anterior part of the head and neck dark 

vinous; hind part of the head to the 
occiput grey arquatrie7 p. 270. 

kr> 

. Upper wing-coverts unspotted. 

/6. Feathers of the nape, or of the neck all 
round, with very regular dark margins. 
a7. Bark margins confined to the feathers 


of the nape (Patagiamas). [p. 278. 
as\ Top of the head white leiwocephala7 
¥. Head vinaceons, with no white cap squamosa, p. 280. 

W. Feathers of the neck all round with dark 
margins (Lepidcenas) speeiusa, p. 2S1. 
m6. Feathers of the nape with no dark margins. 
e7. Head and neck uniform vinaceous, with 
no metaEic colours. 
es. Bill black; anterior upper wing-coverts 
broadly margined with white, forming 
a well-defined white band; wing S'75 
inches inomata, p. 284. 

d*" Bill coral-red (yellow in dry skins); 
anterior and greater wing-coverts with 
narrow white edgings wanting in some 
specimens ; wing 7*5 to 8 inches ..... . Jlauir ostitis, 

d?» 
Head and neck not uniform vinaceous. [p. 285. 
eH. A metallic bronze patch on the occiput 
and upper hind neck ritjina, p. 287. y 
f8. No metallic bronze patch on the occiput. 
a9. A well-defined scale-like metallic patch 
patch on the nape. 

a. Wo nuchal white band caribaa, p. 290. 
2 . COLUMBA. 
24 5 
/3. A white nuchal "band or collar (C7dor~ 

wnas). 

a. 
Mantle dark olive, with no rufous 
or chestnut tinge. 
a". Anterior upper wing-coverts of a 
much lighter grey than the 
scapulars. 

a". Tail with a distinct blackish 
hand across$". Tail almost uniform grey, with 
no blackish band *
/3". Anterior upper wing-converts dark 
grey, uniform with the scapulars. 

y". Middle of the abdomen, vent, 
and under tail-coverts whitish 
grey

8'". Middle of the abdomen, vent, 
and under tail-coverts dark grey, 
more or less tinged with vinaceous


/9\ Mantle like the lower part of the 
hind neck and scapulars, tinged 
with chestnut

//', Xo 
well-defined metallic patch on 
nape. 

y. 
Tail paler at the tip; head glossed 
with green above
h. Tail not paler at the tip. 
y. 
Tail with a broad grey band not at 
the tip. 
y\ Light tail-band more towards the 
tip. 
c'". Scaly feathers of the hind neck 
metallic green, with purple reflections 
; on the sides of the 
neck a patch of feathers with 
coppery chestnut gloss

V". Scaly feathers of the hind neck 
tipped with glossy grey ... .

§". Light tail-band more towards the 
base; two well-defined patches on 
the sides of the neck. 

77'". Patches on the sides of the neck 
white6'". Patches on the sides of the neck 
buff5'. Tail uniform, with no light band. 
€r. Neck with light spots. 
1". Hind neck black, with light silvery 

spots.
a4. Breast vinous
jS*. Breast grey


K'". Spots nearly allburf, formingplete collar

 faseiata, p. 29L 
viosca, p. 293. 

crissalis, p. 294. 

albilinea, p. 294. 
arcmcam, p. 206. 
laurivora, p. 297. 

hollei, p. 297. 
trocaz, p. 298. 

palumbus, p. 299. 
casiotis, p. 302. 

 [p. 303, 
torringtonw, 

elphinstonei, 

 round the neck [p. 304. 
an almost com


pulchricoUis, 

[p. 305. 
COLUMBIDJE. 

£". Neck with, no definite spots or 
patches; hack, rump, and wing-
coverts with metallic lustre on the 
margins of the feathers, more or 
less distinct. 

X'". General plumage cinnamon; upper 
part of the head Trench-grey (AlsvcQ77ius) 
punicea, p. 306. 


p"' General plumage grey or slategiey 
(Iaathcenas). 
y4. Head and neck French-grey, not 
sharply defined palumboides, 
S4. Head and neck not French-grey. [p. 308. 

a5. Ground-colour light slate-grey; 
upper parts with splendid golden 
purple gloss tersicolor, p. 309. 

/35. Ground-colour dark slate-grey or 
slate-black, at least on the upper 
parts. 


a6. Cheeks and throat Mack, uniform 
with the neck. 
a7. A grey crebcentic band across 
the mantle jouyi, p. 310. 

j37. No grey crebcentic band across 
the mantle ; general colour 
dark slate ; lower part <»f hind 
neck and upper part of mantle 
metallic green; reflections on 
back purplish janthina, p. 310. 

jS6. Cheeks and throat not uniform * 
with the neck. 


y1. Ground-colour of head and 
throat of a vinous brown, 
with lilac or purplish glo^s .. niterus, p. 311. 

S7. Upper part of the head and 
throat not of the same colour; 
cbeeks and throat grey or 
white. 


a8. Cheeks and throat grey. 

a9. Cheeks and throat lery 
dark grey; underparts slate-
black metallica, p. 312. 

/39. Cheeks and throat pale 
grey; underparts slate-
grey ; upper parts dark 
slate-black; round the neck 
a chestnut metallic lustre in 
some light* grimgularis^ 

8s. Cheeks and throat white. [p. 313. 

y9. Ground-colour of the upper 
parts slate-black or slate-
grey; underparts more or 
less vinaceous or purple-
chestnut. 


2 . COLUMBA. 247 
a10. Underparts splendid metallic 
purple, almost 
uniform albigularis, 


$10 

. Underparts chestnut-pur- [p. 313. 
purple or vinous purple. 

aa. upper part of the head, 
neck and crop-region 
metallic purple - chestnut; 
"breast and abdomen 
nearly the same, but 
with less metallic reflections 
; female with 
head and neck slatecolour 
with metallic reflections 
hypcenochroa, 

#3. Upper part of the head [p. 315. 
and hind neck slate-grey, 
with metallic green or 
purple reflections; lower 
part of the fore neck, 
breast, and abdomen 
vinous purple in the 
male ; female duller, 
and with the underparts 
less vinous and 
more or less tinged with 
dull chestnut vitiemw, p, 316, 

$\ General plumage both above 
and below dark slate-grey; 
the feathers of the upper 
parts with green or purple 
metallic edges. 


-y10. Upper part of the head 
black, with no chestnut-
purple colour; underparts 
with rufous - chestnut 
colour on the edges of the 
feathers in young birds 
(or females ?) .. : leopoldi, p. 317. 

S10 

. Upper part of the head 
dull purple-chestnut castaneiceps, 
c7. Head and throat whitish (Leu- [p. 318. 
comelcena). 

ys. Neck like the upper and under 
parts, brown or slate-black, 
the feathers broadly margined 
with rich opaline tint 


(Ramsay). 

cs. Ground or non - metallic 
colour of the feathers 
blackish brown (Hamsay). palltdiceps, 


%K Ground or non-metallic [p. 319. 
colour of the feathers 
slate-blue (Eamsay) philippana, 

[p. 319. 
248 
COLTTliBIDJE. 

Sft 

. Neck like the head, breast. 
and abdomen, white, washed 

•with buff in the adult "birds: 
young birds (r) or female? 
with the upper part of the 
head and with the neck 
greyish brown, i* it h a metallic 
purple lu<tie levcomela^ p. 3:20. 
b. 
General plumage almost unifoim brown, or brown 
more or less vinaeeout. 
f'. 
General plumage almost uniform brown, with no 
\ inous tinge whatever; feathers on the aides of 
the neck v,ith light spots at the tip \Amauratias) 
, pullf ni. p. #21. 

(V. General plumage brown, more or less % inous, 
and with no light spots on the sides of the 
neck, but sometimes with reddish *pnts, more 
or less obsolete, on the hind neck ( (Em nas). 
t". Back and wings sepia olive-brown, more or Its* 
tinged with purple. 


e". Bill rather thick; Inner web** of the quills 
distinctly and constantly tinged ^ith rufous 
cinnamon , migrwjgiri**} 

f". Bill rather thin, variable in length, (HJO to j>. 322. 
0*38 inch; inner -web of quiIL> olten uniform, 
sometimes tinged more or Ie-s with 
reddish; lower part of the hind neck and 
mantle often with two i eddish -pots, more 
or less obsolete, on each side of the feather-*; 
size variable, wing from 7 to I) inelie> plumbea, p. &2*j. 

<i". Back and wings ^inaceous cinnamon ; inner 
webs of the quills constantly tinged with 
rufous cinnamon mbvinacea, 


[p. 326. 
1. Colnmha grisea. (Plate TIL) 
Columba argentina, Temm. Mm. Lngi. (Jide Bp. Cmisp. ii. p. SO). 

Carpophaga grisea, G. P. Gr. (mc Columba grisea, Bonn.) List of 
Gallinte B. 31. p. 5 (1844) (tine description**); id. List B. Brit. 
Mus. Columba, p. 20 (1856); Wall Ibis, lhffi, pp. 3b6, 398; 
Schleg. N. T. D. iii. p 204 (181*0); Giek The®. Orn. i. p. 585 
(lb72); Sehleg. Mm. P.-B. Columba*, p. 103 {3873) ; Salvad. Cat. 

Ucc. Born. p. 291 (I»74); Skarpe, P. Z. S. IteTS, p. 108; Mosenb. 
Malay. ArcMp. p. 108 (Sumatra) (1S7S); Vorderm. K T. N. L 

xlvi. p. 236 (1S86), xlix. p. 412 (1889); Everett, Jour. Str. Br. 
P. As.^ Soc. 1880, p. 105. 
Mvristicivora 
grisea, Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 30 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 1078 (1854), xl. p. 217, n. 97 (1856); id. Cmp 
d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 18, 55, n. 97 (lb55) ; id. Cmnpt Bend, xliii. 

p. 836 (1856) (Sumatra); Pcknb. Tattben, I p. 110 (18(52); G. P. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 229, n. 9191 (1870); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. 
ix. pp. 205, 276 (1877); Hein. 4* Rchmo. NomencL Mm, JBCein. 
Orn. p. 282 (Java!) (1890). 
Adult. General colour light grey : bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 
quills, and apical half of the tail black; biU in the dry skin dark 

2. COLUMBA. 249 
greenisli at the base, yellowish at the tip ; feet pale brown (probably 
red). Total length about 15*5 inches, wing 9*5, tail 6, bill 0*65, 
tarsus 1*1. 

Hah. Borneo and Sumatra. 

a. Ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Purchased. 
(Type of species.) 
2. Columba leuconota. 
Columba leuconota, Vig. P. Z. S.188], p. 23: Gould, Cent. Himal 
B. pi. 59 (1832); Tigne, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 6 (Thibet); Knip $ Prev. 
Pig. ii. pi. 50 (1888-43); G, P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 19 
(1844); id. Cat Hodgs. Coll B. M. p. 122 (1846); Blyth, J. A. 
8. B. xiv. p. 804 (1845); id. Ann. $ Mag. K H. xix. p. 105 
(1847); id. Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 234, n. 1418 (1849); JBp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 40 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1106 
(1854), xl. p. 218, n. 131 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil OrdrePig. pp. 22, 
m, n. 131 (1855); Hodgs. P. Z. S.1855, p. 126; G. R. Gr. List 
B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 29 (1856); 8undev. Svenska Foglama, 
p. 109 (18-5*1); Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 497 (Cashmere), 1859, 
p. 187 ; Behnb. Tauten, i. p. 54, t 225. f. 1206 (1862), ii. p. 168 
(1802); G. P. Gr. Cat. Hodgs. Coll B. M. 2nd ed. p. 67 (1863); 
Jerd. B. of Ind. ill p. 471 (1864); Blyth, Ibis, 1807, p. 149; 
G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 232, n. 9236 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
i. p. 745 (1872); 8chleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbia, p. 69 (1873); 
Mwes, P. Z. S.1873, p. 659; Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbas, 
p. 13 (1873); Hume, Lahore to York. p. 274(1873); Brooks, Sir. 
FeatL iii. p. 2m (1875); Sclat. P. Z. S.1876, p. 274; Prjev. in 
Potol. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 380 (1877) ; Hume, 8tr. Feath. viii. p. 110 
(1879); Bidd. Ms, 1881, p. 92; Scully, t c. p. 584; Salv. Cat. B. 
StricB. Coll. p. 544 (1882); Mat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 446 
(1883); Marsh. Ibis, 1884, p. 421 (Chamba); Cord, i&w, 1888, 
p. 219 (Cashmere); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 37 (Assam) (1889); 
Hein. q Bchnw. isomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 275 (1890) ; Hart 
Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 186 (1891); Sharpe, 8c. Pes. Sec. YarJc. 
Miss., Aves, p. 116 (1891). 
Columba leucomela (errore), Behnb. Syn. Av. f. 1266 (1842). 
Columba leucomsena, ' Rchnb. (errore), Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 46 
(1854). 

Adult male. Head dark slate-grey; neck and underparts white, 
changing into light grey on the Hanks, lower abdomen, vent, and 
under tail-coverts; interscapular region, scapulars, and smaller 
upper wing-coverts brown-grey; lower back white; rump and 
upper tail-coverts dark brown; lower upper wing-coverts, the 
median and the greater ones grey; across the wings three brown 
bands, one on the median, a second on the greater wing-coverts, and 
a third on the inner secondaries or tertials; quills grey, with the 
tips and outer webs brownish; under surface of the wings light 
grey ; axillaries white ; tail blackish brown, with a broad whitish 
band, which on the central feathers is about the middle part, and on 
the lateral feathers approaches to the tip, the outer feather has also 
the base of the outer web white : " bill horny black; feet bright 
light red; irides yellow" (Scully). Total length about 13*5 inches, 

wing 9*8, tail 5% bill 0*8, tarsus 1*1. 

250 COXTJUBID^. 

Female. The grey colour of the -wings and back somewhat duller. 
Young. Feathers of the back and the wing-coverts with narrow 
pale edges; the white of the underparts dirty buff. 
Hah. Prom Yarkand and Cashmere, through the Himalayas, to 
Thibet. 

a. cf ad. sli. Gilgit, Aug. J. _ Biddulph, Esq. 
b, c, d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
Koteghur, March. 
Kulu, Feb. 
HiuneCoIl. 
Hume Coll. 
/* g, k Ad. sk. 
i. Ad. sk. 
Bussahir, Jan., Feb. 
Dhurmsala, Jan. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
k. $ ad. sk. Obaniba, Feb. (C. B. T. Hume Coll. 
/, m. Ad. sk. 
Marshall), 
Masuri. Hume Coll. 
n. cf ad. sk. Gangaotri Valley, May Hume Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. 
p1 q. Ad. sk. 
r, Sj t. Ad. sk. 
(W.F.Brooks). 
Kumaon. 
Kumaon (Strackey). 
Nepal. 
Hume CoD. 
India Museum [P.1 . 
B._H. HodgtoQiiJ Esq. 
«, v} w. Ad. sk. 
u.\ Ad. sk. 
y-e'. Ad.sk. 
Nepal (Hodgson). 
Nepal, Jan, (J. Scully). 
Native Sikhim, Jan., April, 
Nov.? Dec. (Z. Mamie!ii), 
India'MuFeum [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
/' , g'. Ad. sk. 
h'. c? ad. sk. 
Sikhim. 
Sikhim, Oct. (M\ T. Blan-
Hume Cull. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
*'. $ ad. sk. 
ford). 
Sikhim, Oct. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 
k'. Imm. sk. 
V, m', n\ Ad. sk. 
o'-r'. Ad. sk. 
*'. Ad. sk. 
t'} u'. cJ $ ad. sk. 
v'-y'. d $ ad. sk. 
Sikhim, Sept. (B X JStoes). 
Darjeelirtg. 
Darjeelln«r. 
Bootan {Pemberfon). 
N. Chuau-che, April (Prjevalsky). 
Kansu, Thibet, March, April,
Aug. (Prjevakky). 
Seebohm Coll, 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Plume Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 
India Museum [P.]. 
fe'eebohm Coll. 

8. Columba rupestris. 
Columba oenas, var. 3. rapestris, Pall. Zoo&r. Moss.-As. i. p. 560, 
t. 35 (1811). 
Columba oenas, var. rupicola (errore), Pall op. eii. p. 562 (descr.) 
(1811) (nee 0. rupicola, p. 500). 
Columba rupestris, Bp. Consp. Ai\ ii. p. 48 (1854); ul CompLBend. 

xxxix. p. 1107 (1834), xl. p. 218, n. 134 (18515) ; id. Coup d'ceil 
Ordre Pig. pp. 23, m, n. 134 (1855); G. P. Gr. last B. Brit. 
Mm. Columba?, p. 29 (1856); Sunder. Scen&ka Foghorn, p. 169 
(1856); Bp. Icon. Pig. pi. 75 (1857); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, 
p. 400; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 57 (1862), ii. p. 196, Nomt. Suppl 
t. ii. f. 14 (1862) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1862, p. 92; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, 
p. 306; Jerd. B. of 2nd. m. p. 420 (1864); Blyth, Ibis, 1867, 
p. 149; Tacz. J.f.O. 1871, p. 308; G. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 232, 
n. 9235 (1870); Swinh. Iks, 1870, p. 434, 1871, p. 397; Gieb. 
T/ies. Orn. I p. 730 (1872); Severtz. TurketL Jevotn. p. 68 
2 . C0LU3OA. 251 
(1873); Tacz. J.f O. 1873, p. 97; Severta. J.f 0.1873, p. 324; 
Sousa, Mus. Mac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 13 (1873); Gould, B. of As. 

vi. pi. 54 (part xxvi, 1874); Swinh. Ibis, 1875, p. 125; Dress. Ibis, 
1876, p. 321 j Tacz. Bull JSoc. Zool. Fr. i. p. 240 (1876); id. 
J.f.O. 1876, p. 201; Frjev. Howl Orn. Misc. ii. p. 379 (1877) j 
David et Oust. Ois, Chine, p. 385 (1877); Hume, Sir. Feath. yiii. 
p. 110 (1879); Tacz. F. Z. S. 1879, p. 673 (Turkestan); Bidd. 
Ibis, 1881, p. 92; Sadly, t. c. p. 584; Salvin, Cat. B. StricU. Coll 
p. 544 (1882); Saund. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 16 (1882); Horn. \ 
Tancre, MT. om. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 91; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, 
p. 71; Marsh. Ibis, 1884, p. 421 (Chamba); Bogdan. Consp. Av. 
Imp. Boss. i. p. 2 (1884); Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool Fr. 1885, p. 474; 
id. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 609 (Corea); Stejn. Fr. U.S. Nat. Mus. 
1887, pp. 423, 425; Cord. Ibis, 1888, p. 220; Dorries, J.f 0. 
1888, p. 88; Fleshe, Mem. Ac. FStersb. (7) xxxvi. n. 3, p. 45 
(1888); Tacz. F. Z. S. 1888, p. 467; Hein. 8f Bchnw. Nomencl. 
Mus. Hem. Orn. p. 275 (1890); Sharpe, Sc. Fes. Sec. Yarh. Miss. 
Aves, p. 116 (1891); Campb. Ibis, 1892, p. 242 (Corea). 
Coluniba Evia, var., Adams, F. Z. S. 1858, p. 497 (Ladak), 1859, p. 187. 

Coluniba leucozonura, Swinh. Ibis, 1861, p. 259, 1863, p. 88. 

Oolumba livla, var. rupicola daurica, Fadde, Feis. im Sud. v. Ost-

Sib. ii. p. 282 (1863). 

Columba livla, Homey, {nee auct.) J.f. 0.1870, p. 168. 

Columba rupicola, Menders, 8f Hume (nee Fall), Lahore to Yarh. 

p, 273 (1873); Sadly, Str. Feath. iv. p. 176 (1876). 
Columba livia, part., Schley. Mus. F.-B. p. 64 (specimens from the 
Lake Baikal) (1873). 
Columba rupestris pallida, Fothsch. & Hartert, Orn. Monatsb. i. 
(1893). 

Adult male* G-eneral plumage dove-grey, darker on the head and 
throat, lighter on the abdomen and under tail-coverts; neck all 
round metallic green, with purple lustre; upper breast tinged with 
vinous; two black bands across the wings, one on the greater wing-
coverts, and a second on the inner secondaries or tertials; lower 
back white; upper tail-coverts plumbeous grey; quills grey, darker 
on the outer webs and at the tips; secondaries grey, with a broad 
apical dark grey band; inner under wing-coverts and axillaries 
white; tail dark slate-grey, with a broad white band somewhat 
beyond the median part; the outer web of the outer tail-feather 
almost entirely white, except at the tip: "iris golden red; bill 
black; feet lobster-red" (Stoliczlca). Total length about 13*5 
inches, wing 9*2, tail 5, biU 0*65, tarsus 1*05. 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat smaller. 

Young. Brown on the crop-region, and very little tinge of 
vinous below it ; wing-coverts and scapulars with narrow whitish 
edges. 

Hob. Central Asia, from Turkestan to Corea, and eastern coast of 
China, and also from Cashmere to Darjeeling. 

There appear to be two races of this bird, as specimens from the 
Altai are paler than those from Eastern Siberia. Taczanowski has 
already remarked that the Oussouri bird is somewhat different from 
the Baikal one, and quite recently Rothschild and Hartert have 
subspecifically separated the paler form. 

252 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. 5 ad. sk. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. tf ad. sk. 
/. S ad. sk. 
g, h. Imm. sk. 

i. Ad. sk. 
7*;. Juv. sk. 
/-/. Ad. et juv. 
*k. 

j . Ad. sk. 
r. 6 ad. bk. 
s. Ad. sk. 
£ Ad. ,-k. . 
iL 5 a,i-S^* 
L\ O ad.sk. 

a<^*fc^* 

?r, x, 2

y. Ad.sk. 
z. Ad..4u 
«'. <5* ad. sk. 
b'-s*. d ? ad. bk. 
£', «'. Ad. sk. 
v'. g ad. sk. 


w". 6 ad. sk. 

.r'. Ad. sk. 

%j. Juv. sk. 

z',a". Ad. et ? 

juv. sk. 

b". $ ad. sk. 

e". <$ ad. sk, 

<T. Ad. sk. 
«",/'. ? ad. sk. 
COIXIEBIDJE. 

Dauria. 
Lake Baikal, Xov. (W. 
Schliiter). 

Altai, June. 
Turkestan. 
Turkestan, Aug. (i?E/ss<?ir). 
Oibruk, Aug. fl. Scully). 
Sakti, Sept. {Stulicska). 
Tanaitar, Feb. {Stoiiczkai. 
Ltickung, Sept. (Stohczka). 
Kasligax (JBelkic). 


Lahoul, 9000 feet (Capt,


Tireedie), 
Ladak, July {G. Henderson). 
Ladak (Stracket/). 
Cashmere. 
Cashmere, June (J. Biddvlph). 
Gilgit, Dec. 

GiJjrit, Feb., April (J. Bid


dielph). 
Gilgit, Nov. {J, Scully),
Sikhim.
Darjeelinpr.
Thibet, March to Junp, Am*.

to Nov. {L. Mand&lli). 
Thibet.
Ilaidji-Gol, X. Thibet (Prje


va'lsky). 
Alajschan, March (Prjemkky).
Peking, Autr. (S. Swinhue).
Peking-, Au*r. {E. Swinhut).
Chefoo, June (R. Sicinhoe).

Chefoo, June (R. Swink* e).
Talienwan, July (R. Sirinkoe).

Purchased. 
Seebohin Coll. 


Dr. Otto Finscb ~C.~\ 
Hume Coll. 
Seebohni Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
India Museum [PA 
India Museum ^P.~ 
India Museum 'P.". 
India Museum "P.". 


 Guuld ColL 


Hume C Al. 
India Museum [P.". 
k^ah in-Godman ColL 
Tweeddale ColL 


J. Biddulphy Esq. 
Hume ColL 

 S^bohni Coll. 
H nine Cull. 
Svbohm Cull. 
Hume C» ill. 


 fVebuhm Coll. 
fcseebohm ColL 

 Seebuhm ColL 
Hume ColL 
Seebohm Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 


 Hume ColL 
Seebohm Coll. 


(Type of C. leucozonura. Swinh.) 

Hwailai Hien, China. * It.Swioboe,Esq. [0.]. 
Soul, Corea, Dec. C. W. Campbell, Esq. 
4. Columba livia. 

Columba domestica, Briss. Orn. L p. f*8 (1760). 
Columba livia, Bru>8. Orn. i. p. 82 (1700). 
Columba saxatilis, Briss. Orn. L p. 84 (1760); Gm. 8, N. L p. 7G9 


(17«8) (ex"firis$on). ""~ 
Columba cenas, Linn. S. K. i. p. 279? n. 1 (part.) (1706) (nee 1758); 

Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As. i. p. 359 (part, van a, ft y) (1811). 
Columba cenas, j3. domestica, Linn. S. K. i. p. 279 (1766). 
Biset, D"Anient. PL Enl 510; Buff. Eid. Nat Oh. ii. p. 498 (1771). 
White-rumped Pigeon. Lath. Syn. ii. % p. 605, n. 2, with var. A 

(1783). 
Columba domestica*, Gm. S. N. i. p. 769, n. 2 (1788); Lath. Ind. 

* G. domestica, Gfm., applies to the Pigeon in the domestic state. 
2 . COLUMBA. 
253 
Orn. ii. p. 589, n. 2 (1790); Brelmi, Isis, 1828, p. 139; Less. 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 103 (1837); id. op. eit. 2nd ed. p. 297 
(1838). 

Columba domestica, fa livia, Gm. S. N. i. p. 769 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. ii. p. 590 (1790). 

? Columba domestica, y. rupicola, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 590 (1790). 

Columba livia, Bonn. Encycl. Meth. i. p. 227 (1790); Temm. fy Enip, 
Pig. i. fain, seconde, p. 27, pi. 12 (1808-1813); Temm. Hist. Nat. 
Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 125, 451 (18lS); Cuv. Begn. An. i. p. 456 
(1817); VieilLKJD.xxYi. p. 291 (1818); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 1, 

p. 27 (1819); Temm. Man. cPOrn.ii. p. 446 (1820); Besm. Diet 
8c. Nat. xl. p. 324 (1820); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 44 
(1827); Brehmjsis, 1828, p. 139 ; Wagl Isis, 1829, p. 744; Cuv. 
Beqn. An. 2nd ed. i. p 490 (1829) • 8am, Orn. Tosc. iii. p. 227 
(1831); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 468 (Teneriffe, France) (1831); Naum. 
Vog. Deutschl. vi. p. 186, t. 150 (1833); Selb. Natural. Libr., 
Pigeons, p. 146, pi. 12 (1835); Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 245 (1837) ; 
Less. Compl. deBuff., Ois. viii. p. 103 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. 

p. 
297 (1838); Keys. § Bias. Wirbelth. Eur.'yp. Mi, 198 (1840); 
Webb | Berth. Orn. Can. p. 27 (1841); Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1842, 
p. 99; G. R Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 3 (1844); Earth 8yst. 
Vers. p. 98 (1844); Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiy. p. 861 (1845); id. Ann. 
$ Mag. N. E. xix. p. 102 (1847); Rchnb. Syn. Av. if. 1244-46 
(1847); Vern. Hare. P. Z. S. 3851, p. 142 (Madeira); Walkngr. 
Naumannia, 1854, p. 243 (Norway); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 47 
(1854); id. Compi. Rend, xxxix. p. 1106 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 132 
(1855); id. Coup oVmil Ordre Pig. pp. 22, 56, n. 132 (1855); 
Bolk, J. f. O. 1866, p. 172; Fern. Hare. Ann. $ Mag. N H. (2) 
iv. p. 437 (1866); G. P. Gr. List B. Brit Mm. Columbus, p. 28 
(1856); Sundev. Svenska Foglarna, p. 167, pi. xxi. f. 1 (1856); 
Zockej Expl. 8c. AlySr., Ois. ii. p. 110 (1857); Bolle, J.f.O. 1857, 
p. 330 (Canaries); ? Tristr. Ibis, 1859, p. 35 (Palestine); Sato. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 318 (E. Atlas); Tristr. Ibis, 1860, p. 68 (Algeria); 
Powys, Ibis, 1860, p. 236 (Albania, Epirus, Corfu); Hartl. J.f.O. 
1861, p. 2m; Rchnb. Taubm, i. p. 55, t. 220. ft. 1244-46 (1862) ; 
Parker, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 516; Tristr. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 448 
(Palestine); ? Adams, Ibis, 1864, p. 26 (Egypt); Wright, Ibis, 
1864, p. 137 (Malta); Sperl. Ibis, 1864, p. 283; More, Ibis, 1865, 
p. 141; Godman, Ibis, 1866, pp. 99, 107 (Azores, var.); Be 
Filippi, Viaggio in Pers. p. 350 (1865); BegL fy Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. 
p. 9 (1867); Chambers, Ibis, 1867, p. 101 (Tripoli); Brake, Ibis, 
1867, p. 428 (E. Morocco) ; Barwin, Anim. § Plants under 
Bomestic. i. pp. 131-224 (diff. races) (1868); Tristr. Ibis, 1868, 
p. 209 (Palestine); Smith, Ibis, 1868, p. 450 (Portugal); Sound. 
Ibis, 1869, pp. 176, 394; Melliss, Ibis, 1870, p. 102 (St. Helena); 
? Ehoes $ Buchl Ms, 1870, p. 201 (Sebastopol); Selys, Ibis, 1870, 
p. 454; Tacz. J.f.O.1870, p. 61 (Constantine); ? Swink P.Z. S. 
1870, p. 444 (China); Gould, B. Great Brit. iv. pi. 3 (part xviii., 
1870); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 232, n. 9231 (1870); Fritseh, 
Vog. Eur. Taf. 29. f. 10 (1871); Sound. Ibis, 1871, p. 223; Gum. 
Ibis, 1871, p. 295 (Algeria); Swink P. Z. S.1871, p. 396; Bohm, 
J.f.O. 1871, p. 7 (Cape Verd Isl.); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, 
p. 828 (part.) (1871); Shell. B. of Egypt, p. 211 (1872); Godrn. 
Ibis, 1872, p. 218 (Canaries, Madeira, and Azores, var.); Hume, 
Ibis, 1872, p. 468 (Scinde); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 746 (1872); 
Salvad. Fauna tflttd., Ucc. p. 178 (1872); Brooke, Ibis, 1873, p. 335 • 
254 
COLrMBIDJE. 

Garrod, P. Z. S, 1878, pp. 35 (fig. of the skull), 408, 639; Sousa, 
Mus. Kae. Lisb. Colunioee. p. 13 (1873); Schleg. Mm. B.-B 
Coluniba*, p. 63 (part) (1873): Hume. Sir! Feath. I. p. 218 (India) 
(1873); Severtz. TurJcesi. Jerotn. p. 68 (1873): Garrod, P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 255 (fig. of the right humerus); Wharton. Ibis, 1876, p. 26 
(Corsica): Dress. Ibis, 1870, p. 321: Blanf. Fast. Pers. ii. p. 268 
(187(5): :-Hartl Vogel Madag. p. 26tj (1ST); Forbes, P. Z S 
1877, pp. 306. 312: Dcuif. Ibis, 1^7S, p. 24 (Asia Minor); Cripps. 
Sir. Feath. vii. p. 29b* fE. Bengals (1S78): r Tacz. P. Z. $. 1879, 

p. 673 (Turkestan); Dress. B~of Eur. vii. p. 11 (part), pi. 457,' 
upper fie:. (Ib79j; Biane. Sfr. Feath. viii. p. 100 (1S79); Danf. 
Bis, 1880, p. 8b (Asia Minor): Bidd. Ibis, 18bl, p. 94 (Gilgit) • 
Sctdly, I e. p. 584 ; C. Sicinh. Ibis, 18**2, p. 117; Gadow, P. Z. S 
1882, pp. 314, 327; Ztow, Ibis. lv*2, p. 577; &a/r. Cat 5." 
Strickl Coll. p. 544 (18*2); Kavud. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 13 
1882: Seebh.Ibis. 1883. p. 25 <C«iiica-u-}: Sdat. List Tert An 
8rhed. p. 446 (18^3); Skdl Ih\ 1^3, p. 274 (part.!: j?. O. r. 
List Bnt. B. p. 139 (1^3) ; Bogd. Ch/isp. Av. Imp. Boss. fasc. i. 
p. 1 (1884); Tristr. Fauna A* Flor. of Palest, p. lift (1884); 
WMteh. Ibis, 1885, p. 41 (Corsica); lJumf ibid. p,84; Beid, Hid. 
p. 251; Meyer* AfMld. Yogei-Skd. t. xc. fl^5f; Johns. Madeira, 
its Clhnate, etc. p. 195 (18*5); Zfarttr. J.f.O. Wfj, p. 483 (dark 
variety, Madeira); Taif, Ibis, 1**7, p. 37*; liadde. Ortm, iii, 
p. 492 (1887); Salvad. Elenvo Fa. Ital. p. 191 (i**7t; Koenig, 
J. f. O. 18*8, n. i?51 (TunU); *S7. JW</i, Ibi\ IhK), p. 173; 
Xifc ibid. p. 332; Meade-WM*, IhX l^i». p.5li9 (Las Palmas); 
ZVYtfr. CVtf. CW/. if. p. 37 (1SS9J; AW//, •/./. O. ]M)0, pp. 312, 
447: Mem. 4* Bcftmr. Somencl. Mi/s. IIHM. dm. p. 275 (1890) • 
Seebh. Ibis, 1890, p. 409; Turle. Ibi*, Mil, p. 6; Evans, Ibis, 
1891, p. 73; ZydW*. Ibis, 1891, p. 391 (ft»«sil): Hartert, Eat. 
Vogelsamml. p. 185 (1*91j; Sharpe, He. lies. See. Yarh Miss.. 
Ares, p. 115 (1891). 

Columba oenas, a. Yinago spontarea, Pail, (er WSlughhy), Zmgr. 

Bosso-As. i. p. 559, n. 172 (1811). 
Columba domestica fera, Siks. Or/i. Svee. I. p. 296 (1817). 
Columba anialiae, Brehm, I&is, lb'2\ p. 139 (Islands of Northern 

Seas); WagL Isis, 1829, p. 744 (=!iviaf; Brehm, Vog. Deutschl 

p. 491 (1831); id. Vogelf. p. 256(1855); id. Nanmanma, 1856, 
p. 286; Saund. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 15t note (1*82). 
Columba amelise, Less. Compl. de Buff., Orn. viii. p. 104 (1837); id. 
op. cit. p. 298 (1838). 
Columba 
affinis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 862, note (1845) (var. 
South of England); id. Ann. %> Mag. JV. H. six. p. 102, note 
(1847); Sunder. Svenska Toqlama, p. 168 (1856); Beknb. Tauben, 

l. p. 57, t 22L £ 1248 (1862) ; Saunders, Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 15 
(1882). 
Columba cenas, part., Rchnb. Syn. Av. f. 1248 (1847); Sdat. fy Sate, 
(nee Linn.) P. Z. S. 1878. p. 437 (Juan Fernandez); iid. Voy. 
Oialleng., Birds, p. 108 (1881). 

Lithoenas livia, JRchnb. Av. Syst. Nat p. xxv (1852). 
? Columba selbyi, Rchnb. Tamben, I p. 56 {ex Selby, Pig. p. 146, 

pi. 12, England) (18(52), ii. p. 196, Nat-it SuppL t. i'i. f. i3 (1862). 
Columba rupestris, Brehm (nee Pail.), Yogelf p. ^56 (185*5). 
Columba elegans, Brehm, Yogelf. p. 256 (1855); id. Naturg. u. 

Zuchi d. Taub. 93; Bdmk Taubm, ii. p. 169 (1862). 
Columba glauconotus, Brehm, Yoqelf p. 256 (1855); id. Naturg. 

u. Zuchi d. Taub. 91; Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 169 (im'2). 
2 . COLTTMBA. 255 
Columba unicolor, Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 258 (I\Tubia) (1855); id. 

Katurg. u. Zucht. d. Tanb. 95; Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 169 (1862). 

Columba dubia, Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 256 (1855). 

Golumba plumipes, G, R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p 29 

(Persia) (1856) (var, sernidom. ? descr. nulla): Bp. Compt. Rend. 

xliii. p. 838 (1856). 
Palurubus livia, Heugl Syst. Uebers. p. 49 (1856). 
Golumba neglecta, Hu?ney Lahore to Yark. p. 272 (1873); id. Str. 
Feath. I. p. 218 (=livia) (1873); Severtz. J. f. 0. 1875, pp. 187, 

194, 195, 196, 198 ; id. Str. Feath. iii. p. 430 (1875). 

Golumba spekea, Hutt. in hit.-, Hume, Lahore to Yark. p. 273 

(hybrid of C. neglecta and C. intermedia) (1873). 

Columba livia, a. fera, Bogdanow, Tr. Sib. Obtsch. Jestestv. xii. p. 98 

(1881). _ 

Columba livia, #. rustica, Bogd. I. e. 

Columba liyia fera, Bogd. Consp. Av. Imp. Boss. fasc. i. p. 1 (1884). 

Columba liyia rustica, Bogd. Consp. Av. Imp. Boss. rase. L p. 2 

(1884). 
Columba livia domestiea, Bogd. op. eit. 
Columba domestiea, Stejn. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 424 (1887) *. 
Golumba livia, var. neglecta, Bleske, MSm. Ac. PStersb. (7) xxxyi. 

n. S, p. 44 (Turkestan) (1888). 
Adult male. Head slate-grey; neck metallic green, changing into 
purple on the lower part, especially on the upper breast; upper 
back, scapulars, and wing-coverts pale grey; rump white; tipper 
tail-coverts dark grey; wings with two black cross bars—one subterminal 
on the greater wing-cowr%, #n^h e other formed. % thfc 
tips of the outer secondaries, anV%ecoming subterminal so on the 
inner ones or tertials; quills and primary-coverts blackish grey; 
lower parts slate-grey, darker on the breast, and still more so on 
the under tail-coverts, paler on tke abdomen; under wing-coverts 
white; tail slate-grey, with a broad apical black band, and with the 
outer feathers white at the base of the outer web : iris orange-
red ; bill vinous slate-colour, inclining to white on the cere; legs 
red. Total length 11 inches, wing 8*7, tail 4*6, bill 0*79, tarsus 
1-2. 

Female. Like the male, but somewhat smaller. 

Young. Duller in coloration, and having the black bands on the 
wing less clearly denned, and with but little of the green gloss on 
the neck. 

Rah. Western Palasarctic region, and also Sindh, Cashmere, and 
some parts of India. 

Pour of the birds mentioned below—one from Madeira, one from 
Tunis, and two from Juan Pernandez—instead of having the rump 
white, have it grey, and they cannot be distinguished from 0. inter* 
media. They suggest to me the idea that G. livia with the white 
rump is a higher form than C. intermedia with the grey rump; and 

* I cannot agree with Dr. Stejneger as regards G-melin's name (ex Brisson) 
C. domestiea (which refers to the bird in a domestic state) being used for the 
wild Rock-Dove. 
256 
COLCTBID-E. 

some specimens of the former occasionally show signs of atavism, 
having the rump grey like the latter. Every ornithologist knows 
the difficulty of drawing the exact line between O. Evict and 

0. intermedia *. 
a, b. d ad. et Faeroe L=l.? ITay, Sept. (Jliiller) Hargitt Coll 
imni. sk. 


c. Ad. sk. Shetland Islands. C. Darwin, E>q. "P.". 
d. Ad sk. Orkney Islands. Gould Coll. ^ "* 
e. Ad. sk. Orkney Mauds. Hum* Cull 
f. gad.sk. "var.]. Orkney Inlands {J. H. Dunn). Hai\ritt Cull, 
g. 2ad.sk. "" Tiree/X.W. Scotland, Auir. r.djnel Irby "P.". 
\ 
Juv. st. X. Uist. Tht* H\OTU Walker, 
E^. [iv. 

i-p. <$ 2 ad. et Cromarty, Oct. 

G. J. Romans. E^q. 
juv. sk. 

q. Ad. sk. England. Hume Coll. 
r, s. Pull. st. England. J. Hiker, Esq. fP.l 
t. Ad. sk. [var.]. England. C. Darwin, EM I rP.~. 
u, i\ tv. Ad. sk. Cambridgeshire. 
[var.X 
a\ y. Act. sk. et ad, Caermarthen. 31 iiita^rn Cull, 
[var.]. 
s, a'. Ad. sk. Denmark, May (-4. firnzwi). IVueddala Coll. 

a(l*

h% c\ (S 2 Pagauia, Bulgaria, Nov. (II, TwvwLlale Coll. 
sk. Barclay). 
d'. (S ad. sk. Coroo, Azores, May (J*. D. G.}. kSalvin-Gwdman Coll. 
[var.]. 
fi'~/. J ad. et St. Michaels, Azores, April Salvin-Godman Cull 
ad. sk. [vara.". (F. D. G.). 
h'-K Ad. sk. et Madeira. C. Darwin, Esq. [P.]. 
ad. sk. [var.]. 
m'. Ad. s£. [var.]. Madeira. W. Saunders. Esq. 

n\ <$ ad. sk. Teneriffe, March (F D. G,). Safvin-Godman Coll 
o'. Ad. sk. Cape Yerd I» lands. 

A. Bouvier [C.]. 
p', q% r. Ad. sk. Sierra Leone, 

O. Darwin, Esq. [P.], 
et ad. sk. & sk. 
[vars.]. 


* OOLFMBA TURRICULA. 
Columba cenadi affinis, Pall. Zot/r. Rats.-At. p. 503 (Persia) (1811). 
Columba livia, Saui, Or a. Tota. ii. p. 1150, with figure (1829) (nee Hi. 

p. 227,1831). 
Columba turricola, Bp. Consp. Av. ii p. 47 (l^r>!) (Ttalr and Persia); id. 
Compt. Rend. xxsix. p. 1107 (Italy and Persia) (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 133 
(1855); id. Cmip d'ml Ordre PUf. pp. 23, «%, n. 133 (l$x>); 8und>u. 
Smmfca Fofflarna, p. 1C8 (IS5li); #<•*«*. TkiAw, i. p. 57 (l&te); 
? 2>iafr. Eksn 1868, pp. 209, 210 (Palestine); G. It Or. Hmd4kt> ii. 

p. 232, n. 9237 (1870); Sel^ImgeMmp.% Bis, 1870. pp. 453, 454; 
Baivad. Faun, d'ltal., £>w p. 179 (1872); Sound. Yarr. Brit B. iii. 
p. 15 (1882); Hem. # Behiw. Jommel. Mm. Bern. Orn. p. 275 (1800). 
Similar to C. livia, bat with grey rump, darker than in C. seMmperi. 
The above synonymy and description most probably refer to a mere variety 
of half-bred O. livia, with grey rump. 

COITUMBA. 257 

S. d ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
v!. Ad. sk. [var.]. 
vf. Juv. sk. 
to'. Ad. sk. 

of. Ad. sk. 
J ad. sk. 


y'


Ad. sk. 

a", b". Ad. sk. et 
:. [var. dom.?]. 

e". S ad. sk. 
d". 3 ad. sk. 
e",f. Ad. sk. 
/'. $ ad. sk. 
h", i". Ad. sk. 
k". Ad. sk. 
I". $ ad. sk. 
m". $ ad. sk. 
»". $ ad. sk. 

o". Ad. sk. [var.]. 
p", f. Ad. var. 
r", Skeleton. 

Tunis, Feb (0. Salvin). 
Bizerta, Feb. (P. L. Sclater). 
Abyssinia ? 
Cyprus, July ( W. SeUuter). 
Asia Minor, Feb. (C. G. Dan-


ford). 

Mesopotamia. 
Road to Jericho. 
Palestine, Jan. (&, B. Tris~ 


tram). 

Dizful, Persia. 


Kandahar, Jan. 
Gilgit, Feb. (J. Biddulph). 
Sehwan, Jan. (A. 0. K.). 
Ladak, Oct. (G. Henderson). 
Ladak (Btraehey). 
Cashmere, July. 
Sindh, Nov. 


Faridpur, June (J. B. Cripps). 
Hwailai Hein, China, Sept. 


(B. Stoinhoe). 
Java. 
Juan Fernandez. 
Shetland Islands. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Zoological Soc. Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 

Canon Tristram [P.], 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 


Kenneth Loftus, Esq. 
[P.]. (Types of 

C. plumipes, G-r. #) 
Lt.-CoLSwinhoepP.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
India Museum [P,]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
e Challenger' Exp. 
Darwin Coll. 

5. Columba gymaocyclus. 
Columba livia, part., Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 81 (1854); JSartl. J.f. 0. 
1854, p. 205 (Senegal, Mus. Berol.) ; id. Bust. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 193 
(1857). 

Columba gymnocyclus, G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columbse, p. 28, 
specim. a, b, e. (1856) ; Bp. Gompt. Bend, xliii. pp. 838,948 (1856)$ 
id. Cat. Parzud. p. 19, sp. 40 (1856); Bundev. Bvensha Foglama, 

p. 168 (1856); Locke, Expl. 8c. Alger, ii. p. 112 (1857); Marti 
St/st. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 193 (1857) ; id. J.f. 0.1861, p. 266 (good 
species); Rehrib. Tauben, i. p. 57 (1862); G. B. Gr. tfand4ist. ii. 
p. 232, n. 9232 (1870); Sound. Tarr. Brit. B. Hi. p. 15(1882). 
Columba senegalensis [Bp.~\, Mm. Ber.; id. Compt. Rend. xliii. 
p. 948 (1856); "Iddkt*JldeBcJinb. Tauben, p. 57 (1862). 
? Columba livia, var. schimperi, Oicst. (nee Bp.) Nouv. Ai'ch. Mm. (2) 
ii. p. 156 (1879) (Loss Islands); Kartl J.f. 0.1879, p. 189. 
Similar to 0. livia, but the general plumage dark bluish slatecolour; 
rump white; wings and tail-bands as in (7. livia; head 
with purple lustre; naked space round the eyes very broad; neck 
and crop-region metallic green, more or less with purple reflections; 
inner under wing-coverts white; bill black; feet probably red. 
Total length 12 inches, wing 8-5, tail 4*5, bill 0-78, tarsus l'l . 

Hab* Senegal. 

* Tarsus thinly feathered in front; evidently a half-bred domestic variety. 
VOL. XXI. S 
258 coLrmiDJE. 

The absolute uniformity of the three specimens mentioned below 
leads me to believe that they belong to a definite form, but Mr. 
Saunders says " perhaps a domestic pigeon which has become feral." 

a, b. Ad. sk. et s i TV. Africa. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
(Types of species.) 
c.Ad.sk. ? Gould Coll. 

6. Colnniba schimperi. 
Oolumba cena^Saaqny (net Lin/i.u Dtscr. dt rJOgypte, p. 290, pi. 18 
£7(1825). 

? Columba livia, part., Itu^p. >S>/^. fV^/vj. p. 10O# n. 301 (Ezypt) 
(1?45); TrHr. IbL, 1>J9. p.^Ol {*. PA -tin* ); ILwjl Orn. JV.O..
i/r. i. 2, 5. &2S (1*71); &hIL lh\ 1^-i p. 274. 

Columba schimperi, 2?/?. Cony. At, ii. p. 4^ (Aby-nnia!) (1854)j 

«7. Compt.Itfitid.xss.hi. p. 1P'7 (Abwima!) |lS34), xl. p. 218, 
n. 130 (1853J ; /A Coup (tail Ordn Pig. pp. 23, 3fj\ n. l#0{P>5o); 
<9. JS. Gr.ListB.Brit Mu<t». Columbtu.p. LU i 1 *v>Hi; tiundev.ticen&ka 
Fofflarm, p. 109 <1N30J ; 2Vy^/\ Bi\, l^ti, p. IU (E.r\pt); Rehab. 
Tauten, i. p. 37, ii. p. 170, t. ii. ill 13, 10 i 1^ )-j^: r Mailiard, Hot 
lie Reunion, p. P':j (ISOL'I: l-iVk, X T. 7>. i. p. 318 aSGii) 
(Mada/a^ir); jfc&«>w, IM% 1^0lT p. 20; ZV'V>". I". #. & 1804, 
p. 41b (Pale-tint* a; Etnpti; Taylor, lbi<, 1*07, p. 00 (Ejrvpt); 
frnfr, Ibib, 180^, pp. 2U *, 210 I l»al»-.t»**«l; »W*V//. ^ 2W. Jtot* 
Madaq. p. 133 (IMJHJ ; JJ>/#, 2^ N WU T pj>, ^ <j, 10 {Pih -UUP); 
{?. JR.7r>. Hand-fat, ii. p". 242, 11. 14J-J-J < I N Of ; *S/« ?/. Jto\, 1&71, 
p. 142; 1-Gum. Ibit, IN I, p. 2^3; M///. B. of rJJWf, p. 212 
(1872); &«Hfi 3W . 1W, B, ill p. 10 jl^2j; WW/. //>/?, 1AS3, 
p. 273 (var. of C. U*ia\; Tri4r. F*nni*t if Flora of Palest p. 120 
(1884); zVf. Ctatf. CW. 2*. p. #2 (Pub 4in f (l^iJj ; lit in. iflichmc. 
NomencL Mm. Hem. Orn. p. 273 f Whlf. 
? Columba rupestrib, Aftffl. {me Fall.\ litifr. Orn. 1.17. 
Columba turricola, Trktr. (nee Up.) Ibis 1^02, p. 270 (Jericho); 
?Locke, FxpL &, Algtr. ii. p. Il l (1^07J. 
^ Columba lrria, var. schimperi, Heifgl Orn. X.O.-Afr. ii, 2, p. ckk 
(1875). 
Oolumba livia schimperi, Hartert, Kat. VoffeUamml. p. 180, n. 2800 
(Egypt) (1891)*. 

Similar to O. livia, but lighter, and with the ramp light greys 
like the back, instead of white. 
Sab. Egypt, Nubia, and Palestine. 

a. Ad. sk. E. Africa. Verreaux Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Wadie Ilalbel, Nubia. lir. Adams [P.], 
c. Ad. sk. [var.]. Egypt (Foim). 8ht?lley Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Waay Ilaiiiaiii^ (ieimearetk. II. B. ""TriBtram [0.1 
e. d1 ad. sk. Mesopotamia. India Museum [P.J. 
* Mr. Hartert rightly notices that C, schimperi is not from Abyssinia, but 
from Egypt. 
2 . COLTJMBA.. 259 
7. Oolumba intermedia. 
Oolumba cenas, Sykes (nee Linn.), P. Z. S.1832, p. 150, n. 144 (Dukhun) 
5 Jercl. Madr. Journ. xii. p. 14 (1840); ? Beng. Sport. Bev. 
1845, pi. iv.; Rchnb. Syn. Av. I 1249 (1847); Burgess, P.Z.S, 
1855, p. 34. 

Columba intermedia, Strickl. Ann. fy May. N. JET. xiii. p. 39 
(India) (1844); G. M. Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 4 (1844); 
Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 861 (1846) ; id. Ann. $ Mag. 

N. H. six. p. 102 (1847); Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 130 (1852); 
Layard, Ann. <§* Mag. JY. H. (2) xiv. p. 59 (1854); Bp. Consp. Av. 
ii. p. 48 (1854); id. Compt.Bend. xxxix. p. 1107 (1854), xl. p. 218, 
n. 135 (1635); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 23, 56, n. 135 (1855); 
G. B. Or. List B. Brit. Mus. Columb©, p. 29 (1856); Sundev. 
Svenska Foglama, p. 168 (1856); Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 151 
(Siam); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 57', t. 221. £ 1249 (1862); Cass. Pr. 
Ac. Nat. So. Philad. 1862, p. 320 (Loo-Choo Islands); Dunn, 
P. Z. S.18G3, p. 371; Jerd. B. of hid. iii. p. 469 (1864); Schomh. 
Ibis, 1864, p. 230 (Siam); Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 149; Tytler, Ibis, 
1868, p. 202; ? Peh. Ibis, 1868, p. 320 (Kotegurh, Pangi); Selys, 
Ibis, 1870, p. 454; G, B. Gr. Sand-list, u. p. 232, n. 9234 (1870) *; 
Swinh. P. Z. S.1870, p. 4441; Holdsio. P. Z. S.1872, p. 467; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 744 (1872); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 13 
- (1873); Hayes Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 414; Hume, Sir. Feath. i. 
p. 217 (1873); Ball, Str. Feath. ii. p. 424 (1874), iii. p. 208 (Suliman 
Hills) (1875); Hume, Nests $ Eyqs, iii. p. 499 (1875); Legge, 
His, 1875, p. 400 (Ceylon); Butler, Str. Feath. iv. p. 3 (1876); 
Fairb. op. cit. p. 262 (1870); Dress. Ibis, 1876, p. 321; Blanf. Bast. 
Persia, ii. p. 268 (S. Persia) (1876); David fy Oust. Ois. Chine, 
p. 384 (1877); Hume, Str. Feath. vi. p. 419 (1878); Davids,tyWend. 
Str. Feath. vii. p. S6 (Deccan) (1878); Ball, torn, cit p. 224 (1878); 
Cripps, torn. cit. p. 296 (1878); Tiraut, Bull. Com. Agr. Ind. 
Coehinch. i. p. 142, n. 253 (1879); ? Wardl Rams. Ibis, 1879, 
p. 448 (Afghanistan); Hume, Str. Feath. viii, p. 109 (1879); Legge, 
B. of Ceyl. p. 698 (1880); Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 91 (Qilgit); C. 
Swinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 117 ; Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll p. 544 (1882); 
Saund. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 16 (1882); Sharpe in Gould's B. of 
As. vi. pi. 56 (pt. xxxiv., 1883); Gates, B. ofBurm. ii. p. 288 (1883); 
Marsh. Ibis, 1884, p. 421 (Ohaniba); C. Swinh. $ Bam. Ibis, 1885, 
p. 130 ; Parker, Ibis, 1886, p. 187 (Ceylon); Scully, J. A. S. B. 
vi. p. 86 (1887); Seebh. Ibis, 1887, p. 182; Stejneg. Zeitschr. ges Orn. 
1887, p. 170; id. Pr. U.S. Nat Mus. x. pp. 415, 424 (1887); Hume, 
Str. Feath. xi. p. 297 (1888) (W. Sylhet); Cord. Ibis, 1888, p. 220 
(Cashmere); Pteske, Mem. Ac. Petersb. (7) xxxvi. n. 3, p. 45 (1888); 
St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 173; Hartert,J.f. 0.1889, p. 439; Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 37 (1889); Sharpe, Sc.Mes. Sec. Yarh.Miss.,Aves, 
p. 115 (1891). 
Columba livia, part., Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 233 (var. p. 234) 
(1849); Adams {nee Linn.), P. Z. S. 1858, p. 497, 1859, p. 187 
(part.); Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 108 (part.) (1862); David, N. Arch 
du Mus. Bull vii. Cat. n. 338 (1871); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columba, 

* The specific names o&nadis, Reich., and mnm, Jerd., given by G-. R. Gray 
in the synonymy, are wrong. 
t Swinhoe (P.Z. S. 1870, p. 444,1871, p» 396) mentions also C. Uvia with 
the white rump from near Pekin*. 

s2 

260 COLT73IBIDJE. 

p. 68 (part.), p. 64 (1878)j _%^ , i?. of Bunn. p. 145 (1875); 
Bktkisi. fy Fryer9 Ibis, 1878, p. 227; aYcf. 2V. -dLs. Soc. Jap. viii. 
p. 204 (1880), x. p. 128 (1882); Blah. Amend. List B. Jap. p. 48 
(1884); Seebh. Ibis, 1884, p. 179 ; id. B. Jap. Emp. p. 160 (1890). 
Columba livia, var. cyanotus, Severtz. Turk. Jecotn. p. 68 (1873); id. 
Sir. Feath. iii. p. 480 (1S75) ( = intermedia); id. J, /. O. 1875. 

p. 180. 
Columba cyanotus, Secertz. J.f.O. 1870, p, 824, 
Similar to C. livia, but with the rump slate-blue, like the back: 
"legs and feet crimson-red; bill dusky, cere and base of lower 
mandible whitish; irides orange-yellow" (A. 0. Hume), 

Hah. Prom Southern Persia, through India and Ceylon, to China 

and Japan, 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Inim. sk. 
c. Juv, sk. 
d. Ad.sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. [var.]. 
g, Juv. sk. 
h, i. <$ ad. sk. 

k} I S ad. et 

ad. sk. 

m, 7L cJ $ ad. sk» 

°iP& d 2 ad. 

sk. 
*•,*. <S $ ad.sk. 
t, u,v. $ $ ad. 

sk. 

to, &*. c? 5 ad. 

sk. 
y3z. <$ 2 ad.sk. 
«'. Ad. sk. 
$y. Ad.etad. 

sk. [var.]. 
d\ c? ad* sk. 


[var.]. 
e\ (S juv. sk. 
/'. $ ad. sk. 

/. $ ad. sk. 

h'. 2 ad- sk. 

i\ S ad. sk. 

#-»'. Ad. sk. 

o'-/. Ad. sk. 

[vara.]. 
t'. Ad. sk. 
«', -*/, w'. Ad. sk. 
a?fy\<$ sk.[var.]. 
«'. <J ad. sk. 

Kashgar, Feb. (Jl SMiczhi), 
Ka&hgar (Bellew). 
Chimray, Sept (JP. Stoliczka). 
Dras, Aug. (J! Xtolicska). 
Ladak (Sirachey). 
Khorasa. 
Kandahar, Jan. (6Vr O. #/. 


t/o/iw). 

Kandahar, March, Dec. 

Nal, May. 

Pishiri Valley, Dec, 
Schwan, Sindh, Jan. 

Sukkur, Siudh, Dec. 
Sambhur, Aprils Dec. (M. M. 
Adam). 
A] mere, Ja% Nov. (A. O. 

-ST.). 
Delhi, Oct. (C. T. Bingham). 
Sirsa, Punjaub, Nov. (A. O. M.), 
Cashmere, Aug. 

Valley of Aster, Cashmere.

Yassin, Sept. {J. Biddtdph). 
Gilgit, Feb. 

Gilgit, July (J* Biddulph). 
Gilgit, Feb. 
Lower Hazara, Feb. (W* H. 
Unwm). 

Koteghur, Simla, Dec. 
Koteghur, Simla, Feb., March. 


Kooloo (Capt. Tmeedie). 
Btisbahir, Feb. 
Simla, Oct., Nov. 
Umballah, Nuv. (22. C. 


Beamn)* 

India Museum f P.' 
India Museum [P._ 
India Museum [P.1 
India Museum [P.' 
India Museum fP." 
India Museum [P.' 
Hume Coli 

Lt.-Col. Swinhoe 
;p.]. 
Hume Coll. 

Elumo Coil 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll 
Hume Coil. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

 Salyin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
J.^Biddulph, Esq, 

Tweeldale CoU. 
If nine Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll, 
Tweeddale CoH, 

2 . COXTJMBA. 26 1 
a'. Ad. sk. 
h"} c". Ad. et 
juv. sk. 
d",e",f". tfad. 

et ad. sk. 
y ? #'. Ad. sk. 
i". Ad. sk. 

k". <J ad. sk. 

r . c? ad. sk. 
ro". Ad. sk. 

n", 0". Ad. sk. 
»". Ad. sk. 
*". Ad. sk. 
r". Ad. sk. 
s". S ad. sk. 
*". tf ad. sk. 

u". Ad. sk. 
v". Ad. sk. 
W"H*". Ad. et 

juv. sk. 
a3, 53. cf ad. sk. 

<j3. Ad. sk. 

d33

, e. Ad. sk. 
f\ Ad. sk. 

^3 

. Ad. sk. 
h\ Ad. sk. 
z3,foz. Ad. sk. et 

ad. [var.]. 
Z3, #i3. Ad. sk. 
n3. $ ad. sk. 

3 [var.]. 

o. $ JUT. sk. 
[var.j.
N. of Mussooree. 
Xumaon (Strachey). 
Etawab, Feb. 

Oudb, Jan., Feb. 

N.W. India. 
Futtegurb, Oct. (-4. Ander


son). 

Nepal Valley, Sept. (J. 

Scully). 

Katmandoo, Nepal Valley, 

April. 

India. 

S. India. 
Saugor {Hooper), 

Kaipor. 
Abmednugger, Nov. (S. B. 

Fairhank). 

Vingorla Bocks, Feb. 

Deccan (Burgess). 

Deccan (SyJces). 

Ooonoor, Oct., Nov. (W. Da


vison). 
Mysore. 

Coorg. 

Malabar. 

Madras. 

Madras. 

Madras. 

Siam (Schomhurgh). 
Salang, Feb. (J. Darling). 

Port Blair, May (R. J. Wimberley). 


Hume Coll. 
India Museum [P.], 


Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Capt. Stackhouse 
Pinwill [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll, 

Hume Coll. 

J. Scully, Esq. [P.]. 
Gould Coll. 
India Museum HEV 
India Museum "P." . 
India Museum "P. t 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
India Museum [P.]. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
India Museum [P.]. 
Gould CoU. 
C.Darwin, Esq. [P.]. 


Gould CoU. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume CoU. 


8. Columba cenas. 
CEnas sive Vinago, Briss. Orn. i. p. 86 (1760). 

Columba cenas, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 75 (1761); id. 8. N. i. p. 279 
(part.) (1766); Qm. S. N. i. % p. 769, n. 1 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. ii. p. 589, n. 1 (1790) j Bonn. Encycl. MSth. i. p, 226 (1790); 
Temm. $ Knip, Fig. i. fam. sec. p. 14, pi. 11 (1808-13); Temm. 
Hist. Fig. et Gallin. i. pp. 118, 451 (1813); id. Man. tfOrn. p. 277 
(1815); Cuv. Regn. An. i. p. 456 (1817); Vieill. N. D. xxv. p. 365 
(1818); Steph. Gen. Zool xi. 1, p. 25, pi. 1 (1819) ; Temm. Man. 
d'Orn. 2nd ed. ii. p. 445 (1820); Desm. Diet. So. Nat. xl. p. 323 
(1826); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 280 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, 
sp. 45 (1827); Sam, Orn. Tosc. ii. p. 158 (1829) j less. Tr. 
d'Orn. p. 468 (1831); Naum. Vog. DeutscM. vi. p. 215, t. 151 
(1833); Selb. Nat Idbr., Figeons, p. 142, pi. xi. (1835); StricU, 

COLUiEBIDJE. 

P. Z. S. 1836, p. 100 (Smyrna); Goidd,B. Eur. IT. pi. 244 (1837); 
Less. Compl. de Buff,, Ois. TIH. p. 104 (1887); id. op. tit. 2nd ed. 
p. 298(1838); f Fraser, F. Z. S. 1839, p. 138 (Erzeroiun); Emjs. 
$ Bias. Wirbelth. Bur. pp. Ixii, 197 (1S40); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 
p. 470?n. 1 {SMI. emend.) (1844); Saril Sijst, Terz. p. OS (1844); 
Bchnh. 8yn. Ac. i 1247 (1-47); Tira.Harc. P. Z. S. 1851, p. 146 
(Madeira): TTattenqr. Xtwma win. 1-54, p. 243: Bp. Consp. At. 
ii. p. 49 (1854); id. Compt. B< ad. xxxix. p 1107 (1-54), XL p. 218, 
n. 137 (1855): 2V/ Cw//> d'o ii & dt e Pit/, pp. 2*3.56. n. 137 (1855); 
G. P. Gr. Libt B. Brit. J/M«, Culumba, p. 2!? (l-5fj): Siaidei. 
Sveiibla Foglama. p. 167, pi. wxi. f. 3 fl-5Hj; Tr^ir. Ibh, 1*59, 
p.35 (Palestine), 1*C0, p 69 {Akreiki: Po?n/N Ifo's 1*60, p. 236; 
Pe/^. Ttmbta, i. p. 5-, f. 521. £ 1247 UNSL'», ii. p 170 (1*62) ; 
IFn^, i&s, 1864, p. 137; T^r. P. Z \ 1*64. p 448; More, 
Ibi\ 1865, p. 140; Be Fdtypi, Viaifg^ m Pr^ p. 350 (1*63): 
Ber/l § Gcrbe, Orn. Eur, ii. p. 8 (1**7); Hnrtinq. I//n, 1867, 
p. 3*0; Ir^r . i&fc,!^*, p. 2U9; &m>th IM% l^ N p." 450 ; 2>&r. 
P. Z 8. 1*TJS, p. 209 (Pal stini j ; P7?/Y * A- PMC/,/. Zfo\, 1 -70, p. 200; 
JFr#wrt, For/. Bur, Taf. 20. f. 1 (1-71) ; J/* wy/. 0;«. XO.-Afr. I 2, 
p. ^27 (1*71-73); Slid B. 0* Dptpt, p. 213 j 1 <2); S*tl* ad.Fmm. 
dJItal., 6>.p.l7<*(l-72 ; GhKTh ^. O/^.lp.71^ |1 *7'2): tbeiertz. 
TurktsL Jcvotn. p. 6* 11*73 f; II route. W , I *73, p 335: IlmglOrn. 
N.O.-Afr. ii, App. p. ck\ ill 11 *75); f Wf/, £\ 0/ <7/v frf ZtoV. u. pi 2 
(1873); Garwl, P. Z. S. ]*73T jp. P -: (W; .y/</*//. Jl^, p.-tf. 
ColumljtC, p. 65 fL-73); htiwt) M11 . Xar. Lnb. Cuiuniha', p. 13 
(1873); Banf. $ liar tip Brotfu, Ih , K~), p J10; %*S<mtz. 
J, f. O.1-75, p. l*0(Tuib -tank " /A / % Hi , 1-70, p. 321; &?///. 
M\ JPWA. h. p. I7i> (l«7G); UiT^. /;. </j&W. rii. p. 23, pi 458 
(ib7<>); Banf. M?\ Ib7t5, p. ft [\*u Mm r) ; IW<//. /A«, 1K78, 
p.iiM>; Broke, Ibis, 1^711, p. 112 f-e tlandf: >W M. //>«, lifcO, 
p. 193 (Siberia); tialv.Cat B, SfmlL rw/.p. 544 (1^2); &«UK7. 
Jflrr. Bnt.B. iii. p. 8 |I—il; *StW. 14 \ 1—3, p. ^o; &&f. 
Zi6* Fo-tyiw. fctli ed. p. 446 {1—3|; Humopr k TancrS.MT. 
orn. Ver. Wen, 3*83, p. 91;tfto-tf. 77>zS 18-3, p. 275; Tmtr. 
Fmm. fy Fior. of PaleiL p. Ill) ilW); Jiaddt, Orn. Caucas. 
p. 327 (Caucasus) (1884); Boyd. Co ^p. Av. Imp. Bog®, fasc. i. 
p. 4 (1884); Pleske, Uefern. SaugetJi. u V fj. Kola-Halhins. p. 290 
(1886); Tait, Ibis, l&b7, p. 378 (Poitu^.f! I; talmd. Bi. recital 
p. 191 (1887); Enenig, J.f.O. 18-^, p. 251 |Turi^); Flake, Mini, 
Ac, Petersb, (3) XXXYL 22. 3, p. 45 (1^—j; &ha/p . Tr. Linn. &oc,t 
(2) Zool Y,V. 85 (18*9); IJlf.IN% 1^1 >, p.332 ; Tridr. Cat Coll 
B. p. 37 (1889); SeebL Ibis, 1*90, p. 402; Eimi^IMs, ^91,5.73; 
Saund.Ihis, 1891, p. 185; Marferi, Eat. Vogihamml. p. 185 (1891); 
Skarpe, Se. Pes. Sec. Tarl: Mm., Ate% p. 115 (1*01). 
Stock Pigeon, Lath. 8yiu ii. % p. <X)4,11. 1 (17t>3); «/. SuppL i. p. 197 

(1787).-
Columba cavorum, C. L. Brehn, Vug. Ueutsehi. p. 492 (1831), 
Golumba livia, JBversm. (nee met) Add. Pall Zoogr. £mc, i p. 25 

(1835). 
Palumbnsffiiias (!), Bes Murs (fide Bp. Cansp. Ad, ii* p. 49,1854; id. 

Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1107). 
Columba arborea, Brehm, Vogelfang, p. 237 (1855). 
Palumboena colambella, Bp. Compt Mend, xliii, pp. 838 (1850). 
Palumbsena columbella, Bp. Cat. Farzudaki, p. 9 (1858); Locke, 

Expl So. Algir. ii. p. 113 (1857); Beit Ucc. Bomb. t. 93. 
Paluinboma cenas, G. JR. Gr. Hand-lte, ii. p. 233, n. 9241 (1870), 
? Columba mm, Bfanf. Bast. Pers. ii. p. 209 (1876). 

2 . COLTTMBA. 263 
Coelotreron cenas, &ein* $* JRchmo. Nomencl Mus. Kein. Orn. p. 275 
(1890). 

Adult male. General plumage leaden grey, head a little darker, 
ramp, upper tail-coverts, lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-
coverts somewhat lighter; back and sides of the neck metallic green, 
changing into pnrple; lower throat and crop purple vinous, shading 
into grey on the chest; some of the innermost median and greater 
wing-coverts, and also some of the tertials, with black spots about 
the middle of their outer webs; these spots do not form a regular band 
on the wing; secondaries grey, with a broad terminal black band; 
primaries and their coverts blackish, the inner primaries grey at 
the base; under wing-coverts leaden grey; tail above dark leaden 
grey, with a broad apical black band; the outer feathers whitish at 
the base of the outer web; tail below black, greyish towards the 
base, and with a narrow leaden-grey band before the broad black 
apical one; bill red at the base, yellow towards the tip, and grey on 
the soft part at the base of the upper mandible; iris red; feet 
pinkish red. Total length about 13*5 inches, wing 8*4, tail 4*8, 
bill 0-85, tarsus 1*1. 

Female. Similar to the male, but a little smaller, and duller in 
coloration. 

Young. Duller in colour than the adult; the green colour on the 
neck is wanting, and the black markings on the wings are scarcely 
noticeable. 
Bob. Western Paloearetic region, as far east as E. Turkestan. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. S &d. st. 
Dorsetshire, May. 
Cambridgeshire. 
Sharpe Coll. 
Mr. J. Baker [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Grt. Britain. Purchased. 
d. Ad, sk. Gt. Britain. Gould Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Norfolk (J". Aspdin). Seebohni Coll. 
/ , g. Pull. st. 
h. $ ad. sk. 
Norfolk. 
Norwich, Dec. 
Mr. J. Baker [P.]. 
Seebohm Coll. 
L J ad. sk. 
h} I. $ $ ad. sk. 
m, n. § ad. et 
Near Sheffield, Sept. 
Cookhara, Feb. (W. Briggs). 
Avington, May (e7. & Shelley). 
Seebohm Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. 
ad. sk. 
o,p. <$ ad. et Apington, May, Nov. (6% Shelley Coll. 
ad. sk. 
q. $ ad. sk. 
JS. S.).
Croydon, Feb. Colonel Irby [P.]. 
r. Ad. sk. Austria. Seebohm Coll. 
s, t. $ ad. et $ Zebil Taurus, Asia Minor, Jan. Seebohm CoU. 
imm. sk. 
u. Ad. sk. 
(C. G. Banford). 
Erzeroom. Purchased. 
v. Ad. sk. 
w. $ ad. sk. 
Bagdad. 
Kara-bagh (AitcMsm). 
W. K. Loftus, Esq, 
[P.]. 
Afghan Delim, Com. 
x,
y. 
<$ ad. sk. 
5 ad. sk. 
Yarkand, June (J. Scully). 
Yarkand, Nov. (J. Biddtdph). 
[p.]-
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale CoU. 
z. $ ad. sk. 1. Turkestan, April (Pr/e-Seebohm Coll 
valsky). 

264 COL"CHBID:£. 
a\ c? ad. sk. Lob-noor? Dec. (Prjemlsky). Seebohm Coll. 
b\ Skeleton. Purchased. 
e'. Skeleton. Darwin Coll. 
d\ e',f.
/ 
Skulls. Dr. Giintlier s Coll. 

g. Young hybrid, Columba anas X C. lima Tar, Lord Lilford [P.]. 
" Carrier." 
9. Columba eversmaami. 
? Columba minor fusca, Gm. M8.7 nrirlt 
? Columba fusca, Pall* (nee Midi) Zoogi\ Rosso-As. i. p. 507 (1811). 
Columba cenas, var., Lichf. in Ecer&m. Reise nach Buehara, p. 182 

(Tartary) (1823) ; Wagl. Syst. Ac. Columba, note to sp. 45 (1827). 
Columba ^cenas, Tar. tatariea, Wagl. {fide Bp. Comp. Ac. p, 48, 
1854). 

Columbaerersmanni, Bp. Mus. Berol. (As. Gee. et Centr.); id.Compt. 
Bend, xliii. p. 838 (1856); Drew. B. of Evr. rii. p. 20 (1876); 
Saund. Tarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 12 (1**2): Sndly, J. A. S. B.h'i. 

p. 88 (1887); Trisfr. Cat. Coll. IL p. 37 (1889); Sharpe, Tr.Zinn. 
Soc, (2) ZooL T. p. 84 (1889); id. Sc\ Ita. titc. Turk. Miss., Aves, 
p. 110(1891). 
Pahimbsma eversmanni, Bp. Cwnpf. Rmd. xliii. pp. 8387 948 (1850); 
Blyth, J. A. S. B. XXTL p. 219 (1.-57!. 
Columba cenicapilla, Blyth.J. J, K B. XXYL p. 219 (1857); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 248 (3*7:2). 
Palumbcena eversmanni, Jerd. B. of 2nd. iii. p. 407 (1804): Beav. 
Ibis, 1808, p. 374 (Umbalkh); llimie, Str. Feath. i. p. 217 (1873); 
id. Lahore to Tark. p. 271, pi. xxxl (1873|; Seulty, Str. Feath. 
IT. p. 175 (1870); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 109 (1**79); Marsh. 
Ibis, 1884, p. 421 (Chaniba). 

Columba evermanni (sic), G. R. fir. Hand-list^ ii. p. 232, n, 9238 
(1870). 

Columba fusea, Severtz. Turk. Jtvotn. p. 08 (1873); id. J. f. O. 1873, 
pp. 347, 368, 1874, pp. 420, 422, 1875, p. 1*0; id. Str. Feath. 
ill p. 431 (1875); Bogd. Comp. An. Imp. Ross. fasc. i. p. 3 (1884); 
Pleshe, Mem. Ac. Petersh. (7) XXXY! n. 3, p. 45 (1888). 

? Columba fusea, Tar. jS. brachyura, Severfz. Xf, 0.1875, p. 180. 

Columba intermedia, Dress, (nee Strickl.) Ibis} 1870, p. 321 : Bidd. 
Ibis, 1881, p. 91; C. Sicinh. Ibi% 1882, p. 117; Homey. & Tancri, 
MT. orn. Ver. Wien? 1883, p. 91. 

? Columba senas, Blanf. E. Persia, ii. p. 209 (1870). 
Coelotreron eversmanni, Hein. §• Rehnw. Xomencl. Mus. Hem. Orn. 
p 275 (1890). 

Similar to O. mum, but smaller, and, besides, it has the upper 
part of the head tinged with vinaeeoiis, the rump whitish grey, in 
some specimens pure white, and the grey band on the tail barely 
discernible; also the metallic feathers of the neck show coppery 
chestnut reflections: " bill pale yellowish green, base of lower 
mandible and gape slaty; legs and feet yellowish fleshy; irides dark 

* It seems to me extremely uncertain to which species the name C. fitsca, 
Pall., refers. Pallas himself never saw the bird, and he only gives the description 
taken from the elder G-melin's manuscripts, in which there is nothing 
pointing to the present species.. 
2 . COLTTMBA.. 
265 
yellow " (A. 0. Hume). Total length about 12 inches, wing 7*5 to 
8, tail 4*2 to 4*5, bill 0*7, tarsus 1. 
Hab. From "W. Siberia through Turkestan and Afghanistan to 

N. 
India. 
Mr. Blanford (Zool. & Greol. of Persia, p. 269) suspects that this 
Pigeon inhabits also Southern Persia. 

a. $ ad. sk. 
5. 
$ ad. sk. 
c. $ ad. sk. 
d,e. d ? ad, sk. 
/. £ ad. sk. 
#. Ad. sk. 
k $ ad. sk. 
i-m. c? ? ad. sk. 
w, o. cT ad. sk. 
p-t 6 ¥ ad, sk. 

u. cS ad. sk. 
v. Ad. sk. 
w. Ad. sk. 
x. & ad. sk. 
y, c. cJ ad. sk. 
a!. S ad. sk. 
6\ Ad. sk. 

o'. Ad. sk. 
d\ e'. Ad. sk. 
/',</. d ? ad.sk. 

Dsckasyl Kul? Alu Tau, W. 
Siberia, March. 
Tashkend, Turkestan, April 

(Severtzojf). 

Tashkend, Turkestan, April 

(Severtzoff). 

Tirpkul, Afghanistan. April 

(Aitchison). 

Toman-agha, Afghanistan, 

April (Aitchison). 
Near Chughur Serai. 
Kandahar, April (Sir 0. St. 

John), 
Upper Sindh, Jan. (A, 0. E.). 
Sukkur, Sindh, Feb. (E. A. 

Butler). 

Sirsa District, Puniaub, NOT. 

(A. O. J£). * 
Sirsa District, Dec. (A. 0. E.). 
TJniballah, Feb. (Br. Jerdori). 
Delira Dhoon. 
Sultanpur, Gurgaon Distr., 
Dec. (W. N. Chill). 
Sultanpur, Gurgaon Distr., 

Dec. (W. N. CMll). 
Delhi, April (C. T. Bingham). 
Allyghur, NOT. ( W. E. 

Brooks). 

Oudh. 

N.W. India. 
Futtehgurh, March (A. Anderson). 


Dr.OttoFinsch[C.]. 

Gould CoU. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Afghan Delimitation 
Comm. [P.]. 
Afghan Delimitation 
Comm. [P.]. 
India Museum [P.], 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Capt. Staekhouse 
PinwillJT.]. 
Seebohm Coll. 

10. Columba albitorques. 
Columba albitorques, JRiipp. Neue Wirbelth. p. 63, pi. 22. f. 1 (Abys 
sinia) (1835); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 10 (1844); Bupp. 
Sysi. Uebers. p. 100 (1845); JDes Murs in Lefebv. Voy. Abyss., 
Ois. p. 140 (1845-50); Mchnl. Syn. Am f. 1243 (1847); Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 49 (1854) ; id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1107 (1854), xl. 

p. 218, n. 138 (1855); id. Coup d'mil Ordre Big. pp. 24, 56, 
n. 138 (1855); G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columba^ p. 31 (1856); 
Eeugl J.f. 0.1861, p. 196 (Tigreh), 1862, pp. 293, 306; Rchnb. 
Tauben, i. p. 59, t. 220. f. 1243 (1862); Finsch § Jesse, Trans. 
Zool. Soe. Tii. p. 288 (1870); Blanf. Geol $ Zool. Abyss, p. 416 
(1870); Eeugl. Orn. N.O.~Afr. i. 2, p. 826 (1871) ; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 740 (1872); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbae, p. 13 
266 
COLUHBIB-E. 

(1873); Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. App. p. clxk (1875); Shell 
Ibis, 1883, p. 277; Salvad. Ann. Mim. Civ. Gen. (2) I. p. 206 
(1884), YL p. 308 (1888); Hartert Kat VorjelmmmL p. 186 (1891). 

Taenicenas albitoryies, PcJuib. Av. 6r^L Nat p. xsv (1852); G. P. 
Gr. Hand-lht, ii. p. 234, n. 9265 (1^70); Heia. # Rcknw. Nomencl. 
Mm. Rein. Orn. p. 270 (1*90). 

Palumbus albitorques, Ilmtjl Syst Utlws. n. 5C9 (133t5y. 
Stietcenas albiturque-, .&/?% J/ws. P.-B. Colmnbce, p. 72 (1873). 

Advlt merit. General plumage bluish slate-colour, back and 
scapulars with a brownish tinge; on the nape a white collar, which 
becomes very narrow in front of the nef k and on the sides of the 
throat; feathers of the neck lanetokte, glov»ed with green at the 
tips; primary-coverts white, bluish grey at tht tips ; many of the 
upper wing-coverts have Mack oval spots on the outer webs ; quills 
brown; under wing-coverts bluish -late; tail above brown-black, 
with a paler a&hy bar before the ti rminal black < me ; tail below 
nearly uniform black, with the ashy bir scarcely perceptible; iciris 
dull red, approaching violet; beak black, eere -vvhite; legd pink" 
(Blanford). Total length 11*5 ineht^, wing Mj, tail 4-7, biH 0*8f 
tarsus 1*1. 

Fundi*. Similar to the male. 
Hah. Abysbinia and Shoa. 


a. Ad. sk. Ato*sinia. 
lluppplHYilL 
b. 2 ad. *.k. hen\itf,Aby^ma,May(JW). Tw*M;iIdaI<* Coll. 
c. 
$ ad. tk. Sekoiiiid.ih, Ti^re, Ah\»j*inia; W. T. Blanford, Esq. 
Maieh. C.n. 
d> $» 6 2 a$* *k. AnguDallah, Abyisiniu, May, India Slu&eum [P.]. 
June (Harm), 

f. 
<$ ad. sk. Ankober, Abyssinia. Fub. India Museum [P.]. 
(Harm). 
g. Ad. sk. Shoa (Harris). India Museum [P.], 
11. Columba guinea. 
Triangular-spotted Pigeon, JSdu\ Bird*, i. pi. 75 (1747) (Guinea); 

Lath. 8yn: ii % p. f39, n. 32 (17531. 
Columba guineensi% Brim. Orn. i p. 132 (1700). 
Columba guinea, Linn. K N. i. p. 2t«2} n. 10 (1766) (ex Edwards) * 

Gm. 8. K I 2, p. 774, n. 10 (part.) {1788); Lath. Lid. Orn. ii. 

p. 002, n. 35 (part.) (1700) ; Temm. Hist. Nat. Pig. et Gailin. I 
pp. 214, 402 (part.) (1*13); TieilL N. I), xxv. p. 353 (lbl8); 
Steph. Gm. Zool xi. p. 10 (part.) (181(1); Deem. Met 8c. Nat xl 
pp. 827, 428 (part.) (1826); Hupp. Neue IVirbeiik g. 67 (Abysfeinia, 
Sennaar, Kordofen) (1835); G. It. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 9 
(part.) (1844); Miipp. 8ijsi. Uehers. p-100 (1845); 2>es Mwrs in 
Lefehv. Votj. Abyss, p. 139 (1845-50); JSirickl P. Z. S. 1850, p. 219 
(Kordofan); Vierth. Naumannia, 1852, f.4H; Brekm,J.f. 0.1863, 
Extr. p. 100 (Blue Sile); O. P. Gr. But B. Brit Mm. Columte, 
p. 32(1856); Haril OrA. W.-Afr.j). 194 (Senegal, Casamanse, 
Guinea, Bellas L, Angola) (lh57) ; id. P. Z. SL 1803, p. 106 (E. 
Afr.); Bclat. P. Z. S.1804, p. ll;i (Kazeh, Moningo) ; Antin. Cat. 
p. 87 (White Kile) (1804); Sclat. P. Z. 8 18tW, p, 027; BUmf. 
GeoL $ Zool Atym. p. 415 (Senafd, Lebka) (1870); Gieb. TJm. 
2. coLxnoA. 
267 
Orn. i. p. 243 (1872); Soma, Mm. Nac. Lisb. Ooiumbas, p. 13 
(1873); Antin. # Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 130 (Keren) (1873); 
Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 489; Salv. Cat B. Sirickl. Coll p. 543 
(syn. emend.) (1882); Sclat. List Vert An. 8th. ed. p. 447 (1883); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 206 (Shoa) (1884); Goodeh. 

P. Z. S. 1886, p. 193, %. p. 192 (cubital coverts); Brisag, Bull. 
Soc. Acclim. 1889, p. 55; Hartert, Kat. Vogehamml. p. 186 (1891); 
Mehmo. J.f 0. 181)1, p. 142 
Pigeon de Guine'e, Buff. Hist. Nat, Ois. ii. p. 538 (1771). 

Oolumba trigonisrera, part., Wagl. Sijst Av. Oolumba, sp. 51 (1827); 
82V. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 212 (part.) (1837) ; Allen $ Thorns. Exp. 
Niger, ii. p. 41 (Hollas Is.) (1848). 

Stictcenas guinea, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852); Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p."50 (1854); id. Compt. Rendus, xxxix. p. 1105 (1854), xl. 

p. 218, n. 139 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 21, 56, n. 139 
(1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 59 (1862), ii. p. 171, Novit. Suppl. 
t. ii. f. 22 (ex Edwards) (1862); G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 234, 
n. 9201 (1870); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Oolumba), p. 72 (Cape of Good 
Hope (!) and Abyssinia) (1873); Hem. § Mehmo. Nomencl Mm. 
Hein. Orn. p. 276 (1890). 
Stictcenas dilloni, Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1105 (Abyssinia) 
(1854), xl. p. 218 (?) (1855); id. Coup d?ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 22, 
56 (?) (1855). 

Alsocomus guinea, Blgth, J. A. S. B. xxiv. p. 260 (1855). 
Palumbus guineus, Ileugl Syst. Weben. p. 49, n. 508 (1856); Hartl 


J.f.O. 1863, p. 468. 
Oolumba 
guineensis, Fumh fy Hartl. Yog. Ostafr. p. 539 (part.) 
(1870); Fimeh § Jeme,Tr. Zool. Abe. vii. p. 288 (Ibyssinia) (1870); 
Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 822 (1871), ii App. p. cLxviii (1875) ; 
Boc. Jorn. Ac. Sc. Lisb. 1872, n. xiii. p. 67; id. J. f O. 1876, 

p. 314; id. Orn. Aug. p. 381 (1881); Bohm, J. f 0.1882, p. 199 
(Central Africa); Hartl Abh. Ver. Brem. viii. p. 216 (1882) 
(Central Africa); Shell Ibis, 1883, p. 278; Schal J.f 0.1883, 
p. 343 (Ugogo); Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1884, p. 376; JSIiarpe, 
Jonrn. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvii. p. 436 (Equator. Afr.) (1884); Ftsch. 
J.f.O. 1885, p. 119; Mehmo. J. f. O. 1887, p. 51; Shell P. Z. S. 
1889, p. 369; Emm, J.f O.1891, p. 58. 
Stictcenas 
guineensis, Pelz. Verh. ss.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 616 
(Central Africa). 

Adult male. Head, throat, body beneath, rump, and upper tail-
coverts cinereous, lighter or ashy white on the rump; feathers of 
the neck ruddy vinaeeous, each feather being bifid at the tip, stiff 
and inclined to cinereous, with a glossy green tint; back, scapulars, 
and upper wing-coverts vinous chestnut, the latter with numerous 
triangular white spots, which also appear on some of the cinereous 
feathers of the wings ; quills dusky ashy colour, darker or brown 
below; tail grey with a broad black band on the apical third; the 
outer feathers white at the basal half of the outer web: " bill 
blackish, iris red; feet red or pink " (Antinori); " bare skin round 
the eyes blood-red" (Emin Pasht). Length about 13 inches, wing 
9-25, tail 5, bill 0-8, tarsus 1-05. 

Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller. 
Hab. West Africa, from Senegal to Angola, and across Central 
Africa to East Africa, where it ranges from about 4° S. lat. 

eOLTOEBIDIE. 

northwards to about 16° N*. lat, or from "Tniamnezi to Abyssinia, 
Sennaar, and Kordofan. 

a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk 
Gambia. 
Gambia. 
GOVT. Eendall [Of. 
Salvin-Godman'CoiL 
d. Ad. sk.
^. Ad. sk. 
Niger (Bailcie). 
xSiam-Xiam Country, Sept. 
Shelley Coll. 
F. Bohndorff, Esq. 
/ . c? ad. sk. Abyssinia, Feb. (Han-is). India'Musenm [P.*. 
y. S ad. sk. Se£oondan, Tigre,
,-lnia, Feb, "" 
Abys\
V. T. Blanford, Esq. 
~C/. 
& J ad. sk. Senate, Abyssinia, April Salvin-Godman Coll 
i (S ad. sk.
(Jesse). 
Kokai, Abv^inia, Juh TVeeddale Coll. 
k. $ ad. sk. E. Kilimanjaro, June. ELC.JV"* Hunter, Esq. 
I Ad. sk. E. Africa. Terreaus Coll. 
m. Skeleton. W. Afiica. Purchased. 

12. Columba pbasonota. 
Tourterelle du Cap cle Bonne-E-peraiiets St, ant r. Ymj. Ind. Or. ii. 
p. 179 <13>2). 
Eamier Howard, LtvailL OR tVAfr. vl p. 70, pi. 205 [1^06). 
Columba truinea, part, /7//<. *S. X i. 2, p. 774, n. 10 |37^H); Z*?^. 
J/^A Or/i. ii. p. 002, n. 35 (part.) (17701; Knip »y 7*mm. Pig. i. 
pi. 10 (1M)8~11); 7fe«iw. jFl/^f. J\V. P//A ^ <rW//«. i. pp. 214,46^ 
(part.) (IfclO); VirilL X D. xxv p. 355 (part) (1HL*); *%A 
Gen.Zool.si.^. 10 (part.) (1^10), xiv. p, 202 {1 *-2G|; Beam. Diet 
Sc. Nat. art. p. 327 (part.) (1*20); Zes«. TV. d'Orn.'y. 470 (1831); 
I&rrf/. Syrf. IVz. p. ifr f 1^44J; Iietuth. Sgn. Av. f. 1250 (1647); 
Strkld. "i" Scbif. Contr. Orn. It>j2, p. 150 (l)amara); Bayardf B. 

S. Afr. p. 250 (1607); £%>/«. TVar. *$'. Afr. App. p. 411 (1888); 
Woodm. Zoologist, 1575, p. 4615 (Natal). 
Columba ^ruineertsisj 
2?O?ZJS. JE/w. i/eif/i. i. p. 245 (1790); FimcJi 8t 
Marti. Fog. Ostafr. p. 439 (part.) (1870); ? Socage, Orn. Any. 

p. 381 (Huffla, Capangombe) (lfesl). 
Columba tricronip-era, TTigL Syst Ai\ Columba, sp. 51 (part.) (1827); 
Sio. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 12 (part.) (1637); Sunder. K. Si\ Vd.-Ak. 
JEandL 1857, p. 53, n. 265; Gum. Ibis, 1600, p. 214,1864, p. 359; 
Pelz. Novara Beis., Voy.-g. 108 (1605); Gum. Ibis, 1868, p. 164; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 751 (1872). 

Stietcenas guinea, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852). 
Stietcenas trigonio-era, Bp. Qonsp. A&. ii. p. 50 (1654); id. Compt. Rend. 


xxxix. p. 1105" (1854), si. p. 218, n. 140 Jlb55); id. Coup (7ml 
Ordre Piq. pp. 20, 50, n. 140 (lbo5); id. Compt Bmd. xliii. 
p. 838 (1850); Rchnb. Tawbtm, i. p. 00? t. 221. f. 1250 (1802); 
Schley. Mus. B.-B. Columke, p. 73 (1^73); Swim, Mm. New. Lisb. 
GoiuniboD,p. 14 (1873) (Cape of Good Hopf* and Angola). 
Columba pnaeonotus, G. B. (h\ List B. Brit. Mm. Columbse, p. 32 

(S. Africa) (1850); Bp. Ompt. Bend, xliii. p. 838 (1856); Bwskl 
Ibis, 1874, p. 384 (Natal). 
Strictcenas phasonotus, G. B. Gr. Handrlist, ii. p. 234, n. 0262 (1870) 5 
Gum. in Anderss. B. JDam£ira4andj p. 231 (1872); Shell. Ibis, 
1875, p. 83 (Cape Colony). 

Columba guineas, Barratt, Ibis, 1870, p. 208 (Transvaal). 

2. COLOTBA. 
269 
Coluniba phseonota, Ayres, Ibis, 1877, p. 345 (Transvaal), 1880, 

p. 109; Shell Ibis, 1882, p. 859 (S.E. Afr.); Butl, Fetid., § Beid, 
Zoolog. 1883, p. p. 337 (Natal); Shell Ibis, 1888, p. 279 (S. Afr.); 
Sharpe, Layarcfs B. S, Afr. p. 559 (1884); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p. 38 (1889). 
Stictoenas phseonota, Hein. § Bchmv. Nomencl Mus. Hein. Orn. 
p. 276 (1890). 
Coluraba guinea trigonigera, Kariert, Kat. VogeUamml. p. 186 (1891). 
Similar to C. guinea, from which it is distinguished by haying 
the grey part of the plumage much darker, and the rump and upper 
tail-coverts deep leaden grey instead of ashy white: " iris pale yellow 
when immature, changing to red in the adult; bill dusky slatecolour, 
with the cere (that is over the nostrils) white; legs red, 
powdered with white between the scales ?J {Shelley). Total length 
about 12 inches ; wing 9*2 to 8*2, tail 4*8, bill 0-9, tarsus 1*05. 

Hob. South Africa. 

a. Ad. sk. S. Africa. Earl of Derby 1 (Typeg of 
sPecies-) 

b. Juv. sk. Cape of Good Hope. Zool.'Soc. Coll. J
c. 
<$ ad. sk. Between "Wellington and Shelley Coll. 
Ceres, Cape Colony, 
Jan. (G. & S.). 
d. Ad. sk. Natal. 
T. L. Ayres, Esq. [0.]. 
e. S ad. sk. Natal, June (Buckley). Shelley Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Berg Alts., Durban, April Shelley Coll. 
(Gordge). 

g. 
Ad. sk. Drackensberg,Aug. (A.JEJ. Shelley Coll. 
Butler), 
h. Ad. sk. Rustenburg. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [P.]. 
i. J ad. sk. Potchefstroom, June (T. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L. Ayres). 
k. 
$ ad. sk. Potchefstroom; June (T. G-urney Coll. 
L* Ayres). 
13. Columba gymnophthalma. 
? Columba 
corensis, Jaeq. Beytr. p. 31, n. 25 (1784) (Coro in Venezuela) 
; Gm. S. N. I p. 783, n. 59 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 

p. 605, n. 46 (1790); Bonn. Erie. MM. i. p. 245 (1790). 
? Grey Pigeon, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl i. p. 201 (1787) (ex Jacquin). 
Columba gymnophthalmos, Temm. §• Knip, Pig.i. seconds fam. p. 48, 
pi. 18 (1808-11) (excl. syn.) (type examined); Temm. Pig.et Qallin. 

i. pp. 225, 463 (1813); Vieill Enc. Meth. i. p. 379 (1823); Bern. 
Diet Sc. Nat. xl. p. 328 (1826); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 470 (1831) ; 
id. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 95 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. 
p. 295 (1838); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 6 (1844) (syn. 
emend.). 
Columba gymnophthalmus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 6 (1879); G. B. 
Gr. ListB. Brit. Mus. Columbia, p. 31 (syn. emend.) (1856); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 744 (syn. emend.) (1872); Hartert, Bull. Br. Orn. 
Club, no. iii. p. xii (1892) (Curacao, Aruba, Bonaire). 

Columba loricata, part., Wagl Syst Av. Columba, sp. 53 (1827). 
Picazurus gymnophthalmus, Des Murs in Chenu, Bm. ffEist, Nat, 
Ois. vi. p. 39 (1854 ?). 

270 
coincerDJE. 

Orossophthalnius gymnophthalmus, Bp. Comp* AD. ii, p. 55 (part.) 
(1854); id. Compt ~Rmd. xxxix. p. 1110 (1854), xL p. 218; n. 156 
(1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Big. pp. 26, 56, n. 156 (1855); 
JRehnb. Taubm, i. p. 6B (1862) (syn. emend.), Ii. p. 172, t. ii. f. 23 
(er Knip) (lb62); >Sfcasff. 3/KS. A~«e. Z&£. Columbae. p. 15 (1873). 

V Patasicenas loricata, Burm. (nee Licht.) Stf&t Ueb. TMer. Bras. iii. 

p. 294 (1856). 
Columba rrninophtkalnia, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1505, p. 239 (one egg); 
&?/<rf. «$"&Wi?. P. Z tf. l^Ua, p. L&, ISM, p. f 00; &?&*. P. if & 
lbl 9, p. 027; Set A- *Sfck. Xomatrl Ac. Xc»ts. p. 132, n. 5 (1S73); 
&//i. Cat B. Sti*icLL GJL p. 544 (IbS^); *rtfefof. £&£ F<?rt ,4M. 
8th. eel. p. 44S (part.) (1^3). 

Picazuro* gymnophtbalmuN 
G. II, Gr. Hand-li*t. ii. p. 234. n. 9266 
(bjii. emend.) (Ib70). 
PLepidcenas loricata, ScMeg, Mv*.P.-B. Columba}, p. 69 (-peeim. 1) 
(lb7o). 
'? Cro-soplitlialmus q} ninophthahnu^ Mei/i. ^ Ilrhtiw. Komend. Mm. 
Eeiih Orn. p. 276'(lbM)J. 

Adult. Head, throat, front part of tin neck, breast, and abdomen 
pale rosy vinous, changing into whitish on the v»*nt and under tail-
coverts; back, scapulars, and wing pale brown; lower back and 
upper tail-coverts dull grey, the latter with u sliant pale brown 
tinge towards the tip* ; lower part of tin* bind n^ck with light grey 
and dark grey narrow bands above, and "\\itli reddish opaline and 
blackish narrow bands lower down ; the anterior wing-coverts \tith 
broad white edges, narrower on the secondaries; primaries brown, 
with naiTow paler or whitish edges; under wing-coverts dull 
greyish; under surface of the quills greyish, darker towards the 
tips; tail uniform, sandy grey or drab-grey, paler below; bill in 
dry skins pale yellow ; naked skin round the eye? very broad, with 
a ring of horny papilla} (painted blue in Temminck's plate); feet 
pale yellowish in dry skin. Total length about 13 inches, wing 8, 
tail 5, biH 0-6, tarsus 0*9. 

Hah. Curaeao, Aruba, and Bonaire ; perhaps also the coast of 
Venezuela. Only lately llr. Hartert ha^ discovered the true habitat 
of this species, which till quite recently was supposed to be from 
the interior of Brazil. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America {fide Verreaiu). Purchased*. 
* Hybrid between 0. gymnophthalma and G. picazuro f 
? Columba gymnophthalma, Sclaf. JJhi Vtd, An. 8th od. p. 448, specim. (?) 
(1883). 

Similar to C. gynrnophihabua, but the vinous colour of the head, throat, and 
underparts deeper and brighter, also the brown colour of the upper parts 
darker; the grey colour of the lower back, ramp, and upper tail-coverts 
darker; the under tail-coverts distinctly grey, and the tail, instead of being 
uniform sandy grey, has a dark subtcrminal baud quite distinct Total length 
about IB inches, wing 8*2, tail 5*2, bill 0*6, tarsus 0*95. 

a. Ad. sk. 
KooL Soc. Gardens. 
2 . GOLTTMBA.. 271 
14. Coltiniha picaznro. 
Picazuro, Azara, Apunt m. p. 4, n. 317 (1802) (Paraguay); id. ed. 
Sonn. Voy. iii. p. 126, n. 317 (1809). 

Oolumbapicazuro,Zbw0j. Pig. et Gallin. I. pp. 411,449 (1813); Vieill. 
K B. xxvi. p. 357 (1818); id. Enc. Meth. i. p. 375 (1823); Bern. 
Bid. Sc. Nat xl. p. 322 (1826); Less. Compl de Buff,, Ois. viii. 

p. 90 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 295 (1838); Sclat <$• Salv. 
P. Z. S. 18(58, p. 143 (Oonehitas), 1869, p. 600; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 545 (note) ; Garrod, P. Z. S.1873, pp. 468, 639; Sclat 
$ Salv. Nomencl Av. Xeotr. p. 132 (1873) ; tid. Ibis, 1877, p. 193, 
note (Buenos Apes); Bumf. Ibis, 1878, p. 65; Gibson, Iln's, 
1880, p. 0 (Buenos Apes); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 356 (N.E. Brazil); 
Sclat. list Vert An. 8th ed. p. 448 (1883); Barrows, Auk, 
1884, p. 274 (Concepcion, Lower Uruguay); Berk § Jher. Zeitschr. 
d. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 170 (Rio Grande do Sul); Berl J.f. 0.1887, 
p. 124; Sclat Argent Orn. ii. p. 139 (1889); Frenzel J. f. O. 
1891, p. 123. 
Oolumba maculata (errore), Stepk Gen. Zool si. p. 45 (1819). 
Oolumba leucopiera, Wied (wee Linn.), Meise n. Bras. ii. p 242 (1821). 
Oolumba loricata, Lieht. Terz. Boubl. p. 07 (1823) (=Pieazuro, Az., 

Montevideo); Wagh Syst. Av. Oolumba, sp. 53 (part.) (1827); 
Darwin, Voy. 'Beagle? Birds, p, 115 (Maldonado) (1841) (syn. 
emend.). 

POolombe double collier^ Less. T>\ d'Orn. p. 469, n. 22 (1831); 
Pucker. Jide Bp. Camp, ii. p. 55. 
Oolumba poeciloptera, Wied (nee Vieill), Beitr. iv. p. 459 (Rios 
dasOontas) (1832). 

Oolumba gpnnophthalnios, G. M. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 0 (part.) 
(1844); "Marti (me Temm.) Ind. Azar. Apunt. p. 20, n. 317 
(1847). 

Orossophthalnras gymnophthalmus (part.), Bp. Consp. Av. ii, p. 55 
(1854); id. Compt. Rendus, xxxix. p. 1110 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 156 
(part.) (1855); id. Coup d'mil Ordre Pig. pp. 26, 56, n. 156 (part.) 
(1855); Pet. (nee Temm.) Orn. Bras. pp. 274, 450, liv (1871) 
(Cuyaba, Sangrador, Engenho do Gania). 

? Patagicenas loricata, Burm. (nee LicU.) Syst Ueh. Thier. Bras. iii. 

p. 294 (1856). 
Patagioenas maculosa, Burm. (nee Temm.) Syst. Veb. Thier. Bras. iii. 
p. 294 (part.) (1856); id. La-Plata Meise, ii. p. 496 (1861) (Mendoza, 
Cordova, Tucuman). 
Picazuros pieazuro, G. M. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 235, n. 9268 (1870). 
Oolumba maculosa, Bumf, (nee Temm.) Ibis, 1877, p. 193 (Buenos 

Apes). 
Lepidcenas loricata, part., Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columbse, p. 69 (Paraguay) 
(1873). 
? Oolumba gymnophthalma, Allen (nee Temm.), Bull. Am. Mm. 
m H. ii. p. 270 (1889). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and under surface rich vinous; bind 
neck grey, each featber with two narrow bands, one subapical light 
grey and a second marginal one black; on the lower hind neck the 
feathers have a vinous amethystine tinge; interscapular region, 
scapulars, and upper wing-coverts sooty brown, the latter lighter 
and gradually greyer towards the outer ones, which, with the 
greater, are broadly edged with white; lower back, rump, upper 

272 
COLOTBIDJE. 

and under tail-coverts plumbeous; quills grey, darker, almost brown, 
towards the tips; under surface of the wings grey; tail plumbeous, 
with a broad apical black band: •' bill black v (Sclater & Salvin); 
"legs red, between scarlet and carmine** (Duruford); u eye red" 
(Hudson). Total length 14 to 13*5 inches, wing 9 to 8*5, tail 5 to 
4-5, biU 0-78 to 0*73, tarsus 1-2 to 1*02. 

Immature birds want the fine grey and black transverse markings 
on the sides of the neck. 
Hab. Brazil, Boh via (?), Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine 

Bepublic. 
a. $ ad. sk. Conckitas, Buenos Avrea, Sept. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(JT.H. Hudson). 
b. Ad. sk. Maldonadu. Sir W. Burnett & Capt 
c. Ad. sk.
d. S ad. sk.
e. (S ad. sk. 
Alaldonado (C. DM raid). 
Uruguay, Aug. 
Engenho do (iama, Brazil, Sept. 
Titzroy ~J?~_, 
Vu\ dja of the * Beaprle.' 
Alan Peel, Esq. T."]. 
Salvin-Godman Coif. 
(Natter er). 
/ . Ad. sk.
g> Juv. sk.
h. Imm. sk.
i. Skeleton. 
Cuyaba, Brazil, Ma} 
Bolivia (Bridges) 
[W. Indies." 
5. America? 
(Natitrtrl Sah in-( i oilman Coll. 
E\ ton Cull. 
Baron Laugier Coll. 
Purchased!" 

15. Columba albipemiis. (Plate YIIL) 
? Crossophthalmus gymnoplithalmus (part.), Bp, Oun*p. Ah\ iL p. 55 
(Bolivia) (1654). 

Columba 
maculosa, Sriat £ Sah\ (me Temnu) 1\ Z. S. 18(J9, p. 600 
(Peru), 1673, p. ISO (Peru); iid. Xhuiuvl At. Xeotr. p. 132, n. 7 
(part., Peru, Bolivia) (l&7;jj: Ow>t. J&s. &. Cap Horn, Ok. 

p. ;i28; n. 100 (part, j Bolivia) (1501). 
Columba 
albipennis, Sclat. ty Sah\ P. Z. & 1578,, p. 18 (Peru, 
Bolivia); Boeclz, Jlitth. orn. Yer. Wie/i, Itt-i, p. lt>5 (Bolivia); 
Taez. Orn. Per. iii. p. 282, Tables, p. 101 (l&sU). 

Adult male (type). Head, neck, breast, and abdomen grey with 
a vinous tinge, scarcely visible on the latter ; sides of the head and 
checks dark grey, with scarcely any vinoua tinge; feathers of the 
mantle, scapulars, and upper wing-coverts sooty brown, with lighter 
edges, whitish and more conspicuous on the latter; outer and 
greater wing-coverts broadly edged to the tip with white; back, 
rump, and upper tail-covertb plumbeous ; under tail-coverts plumbeous, 
with lighter edges; quills greyish brown, with a narrow 
whitish edge, more conspicuous on the secondaries; under wing-
coverts and sides grey; tail plumbeous, with a broad terminal 
black band: "bill black, with the ba-se yellowish [in dry skins?] ; 
feet redn (Sdater St Sdlvm). Total length 14*5 inches, wing 9, 
tail 5, bill 0-58, tarsus 1*2. 

Hah Southern Peru and Bolivia. 

This species resembles 0.maenhsa7 from which it is easily distinguished 
by the white spots on the wing-coverts being not triangular, 
but confined to the apical edges, and by the much broader white 
edges of the outer greater wing-coverts, in which respect it resembles 
O, jdcazuro* 

2 . COLTJMBA. 
a. 
Ad. sk. Pitumarca, Peru, April (H. Whitely). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Forbes). 
Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
c. Ad. sk. Bolivia. 
T. Bridges, Esq. [C.]. 
16. Columba maculosa. 
Paloma 
cobijas nianchadas, Azar. Apunt. iii. p. 10, n. 318 (1802) ; 
id. Voy. ed. Sonn. iii. p. 128, n. 318 (1809). 
Columba maculosa, Tem?n. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 113, 4-50 (1813); 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 24 (1819); Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. 

p. 97 (1887); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 296 (1838); G. B. Gr. Gen. 
B. ii. p. 470, n. 7 (1844) ; Hartl. Ind. Azar. Apunt. p. 20, n. 318 
(1847); G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columb®, p. 31 (1856); Sclat 
P. 
Z. 8. 1865, p. 239 ; Sclat. <$• Salv. P. Z. S.1868, p. 143,1869, 
p. 600; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 665; Hudson8? Sclat P. Z. S. 1872, 
pp. 545, 549 (Rio Negro); Garrod, P. Z. S.1873, pp. 468, 639 ; 
Sclat. 4* Said. NomeacL 'Av. Xeotr. p. 132, n. 7 (part., Paraguay & 
Rep. Argentina) f 187S); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 256; Leybold, 
Exc. Pampas Argent, p. 89 (1873); id. J.f. 0. 1877, p. 444 j 
Bumf. Ibis, 1877, p. 42 (Chuput, Patagonia), 1878, p. 401 (Centr. 
Patasronia); TWite, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 626 (Oatamarca); Sclat. List 
Vert An. 8th eel. p. 448 (1883); Barrows, Auk, 1884, n. 274 
(Concepcion, Lower Uruguav); Gibs. Ibis, 1885, p. 282; r Berl, 
J. f. 0. 1*87, p. 133; Pels. $ 'Lor. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 48 
(1888); Sclat. Argent Orn. ii. p. 140 (1889); Hartert, Eat. Vogelsamml. 
p. 186 (1891) ; Oust. Miss. Sc. Cap Morn, Ois. p. 328, 
n. 100 (part.) (1891). 
Columba poeciloptera, VieilL N. D. xxvi. p. 844 (1818) (Paraguay, 
ex Azara); id. Em. Meth. i. p. 375 (1823); Wagl. Syst Av. 
Columba, sp. 49 (1827); id. Ms, 1829, p. 744; Desm. Diet 8c. 
Nat xl. p. 870 (18-20); I)1 Orb. Voy. ii. pp. 303, 318 (1844). 

Columba maculipennis, Licht Mus. Berol, fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. 

p. 55 (1854); Pels. Orn. Bras. p. 274 (note) (1871). 
FColombe a ailes ponctue'es, Leas. Tr. cTOrn. p. 469, n. 21 (1831) 
(=juv.) ; Pucker, fide Bp. Consp. ii. p. 55 *. 
Columba gvmnophthalrnos, Rchnb. (?iec Temm.) Syn. Av. f. 1268 
(1847). 
Palumbus gymnophthalmus, Rchnb. Av. Syst Nat p. xxv, f. 1268 
(1852). 
Crossophthalmus 
reichenbachi, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 55 (1854); id. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1110 (1854), xl. p. 2] 8, n. 157 (1855); id. 
Coup timil Ordre Pig. pp. 26, 56, n. 157 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, 

i. p. 67, t. 226. f. 1268 (1862); ? Sousa, Mus. Nae.Lisb. Columbse, 
p. 15 (1873). 
Cbloroenas flavirostris, juv. ?, Bp. (ex Wagl.) Compt. Rend, xxxix. 
p. 1110 (Mexico !) (1854); id. Coup tfceil Ordre Pig. p. 27 (1855). 
? Patagicenas maculosa, Burm. Syst. Veb. Thier. Bras. iii. p. 294 
(1856); id. J.f O. 1860, p. 258; id. La Plata Beis. ii. p. 496 
(1861); FrenzeL J.f.O. 1891, p. 123. 

Picazuros maculosa, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 235, n. 9267 (1870). 
Crossophthalmus maculosus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 274 (note) (1871); 
Hew. 8f Bchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Hem. Orn. p. 276 (1890). 

* 
I have not been able to find the work in which Dr. Pucheran has identified 
Lesson's bird. 
VOL. XXI. T 

274 
COLOLBXB.f , 

Columba reichenbachi, Gieb Thts. Ora. L p. 700 (1572). 
Lepidcenas lorlcata (parti"), &Gdtg. Mi/s. P.-B. Culumbae, p. 69 
(Paraguay) (1873). 
CHorcenas iallax, Schleg. Mus. P-J3. Coliiialse, p. SO {Mexico! and 
Kio Xegro) (1878) ; Gieb. Thes, Qrn. Hi. p. 795 (1577;. 

Adult male. Head, neck, and whole Tender surface grey, with a 
very strong vinaceous tinge: bides of the head and cheeks dark 
grey, "with no vinous tinge ; feathers of the mantle, scapulars, and 
upper wing-coyerts sooty brown, tipped with white triangular spots, 
broader and veiy conspicuous on the latter; outer greater wingcoTerts 
bluish grey, edged to the tip with white; back, rump, upper 
and under tail-coTerts plumbeous: quilU gre}Lh black, with narrow 
whitibh edges; under surface of the winc> and sides light plumbeous 
: tail jjlumbeous, with a broad terminal black hand; '* iris 
white or light slate,? { Whitt )> "* grey ; beak grey ; legs red "{A. Peel). 
Total length about 14 inches, wing d-'d to b*75} tail 5, bill 0*52, 
tarsus 1*1. 

Hah. Uruguay, Argentina, and Pa tag* nia. 

a. 6 
ad. fck, CWjuin, Corrkna, AitimLiie lipp.. Salvin-Godmazi Coll, 
JtiLefJ?. W. Jihtteu 
b. c 
ad. <*k. Mendo'/a, Artrentme II* y. Ftb. ^ahin-Oodman Coll, 
{ Wu^havpt). 
c. J ad. fck. Itio Nfjno {J J*. II Ilitfhtjui, S*dun-('odman Coll 
d. $ ad. ?k. Uruguay, fc>fpt. Alan IVel, i>q. C.\ 
e. JUT. sk. fcS. 
Ainenca {Maa^/ia Coll \, E. Wil-un, L^{. "V.\ 
f. Skeleton. S. America. 
Purchased. 
IT. Columha hodgsoni. 
Columba hodpr^onii, HV/, P. Z. *8*. 3fc02, p. 10; G. JR.. Gr. Gen. JB. ii, 

p. 470, n. iO flb44f; itytf*, /. vt tf. B. xiv. p. 607 (le45); «*. 
-4w*. 4* 3iV/$. A'. H. \iL p. 107 (i^47j; 6'. Jfc. 6-V. Cat. Hodgs. 
Coll. Br. Mus. p. 122 {1K40|: Rehab. Kya. Ai\ JS'out. Columbaria, 
ft 2075-79 < 16,31); .&%*. P. Z. & l^% p. 126; G. JR. Gr. But 
B. Brit. Mus. Cohimbfc, p. 27 (l^oH): Tythr, Ibi% ISUS, p. 202 5 
&?>&. 2%e*. Orn. I p. 744 (1672); TriUr. Cat CUL B. p. 37 
(1689). 
Columba nipalen>i?, Iljdgs. J. A. S. B. Y. p. 122 (18u6) ; G\ JS. 6?r, 
{?£/z. P. ii. p. 470, ii. 22 (i!:441. 

Dendiotreron 
hrdgsoui, limit/®, in Grmfs Z**o\. Misc. p. 85 (1844); 
JRchnb. Ai\ St/si. JSat p. xxv {1>32J; JS^. Coiisp. Av. ii. p. 48 
(1854): /£. Compt lieutl. xL p. 21b, n. 11& < 1853; ; id. Coup dJml 
Ordr. Pig. p. 56, n. life (1655); »V7. I^«. /ty. pi. 61 (1857); 
JRchnb. Tavben, i. p. 52, t. 222. if. 257^-79 (LS02); O. P. Gfr. Cat. 
Hodgs. Coll. Br. 31m. '2nd ed. p. 07 f 1&83); «7. Mand-lirt, ii. 

p. 2^3, n. 9242 (1S70); David, X .4mi <?« 3/j«., Bull rii. Cafe 
p. ^36 (1871); Stunk. P. Z. S. Ib71? p. ,'J97 (Moupin); ^/w ^ 
Kests and JEggs, ill. p. 407 (167o); JDaud 4" 0«^. Ow. C%m6r 
p. 381 (1677); Hem. A-JRcknw. NomencL Mm. Hein. Orn. p. 276 
(1890). 
Alsocomus hodgsonii, Bh/tfi, Oaf. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 233, n. 1410 
(1849); Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 233 (Kumaon); Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. 

p. 463 (1864); Hwnef Sir. FeatL %iii. p. 109 (1879), 
2 . COLUJJBA. 
275 

Dendrotreron nepalensis, Bp. Compt. Rena xxxlx. p. 1104 (1854); 
id. Covp d'ceil Ordre Pig. p. 20 (1855). 
Stietceiias hodgsonii, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. ColumbiBj p. 71 (1873). 

Adult male. Head and upper part of the neck grey; feathers of the 

lower part of the hind neck acuminate, black, and with the apical 

portion grey; interscapular region and upper wing-coverts deep 

vinous chestnut, the median wing-coverts with white specks; lower 

back, rump, and upper tail-coverts lead-grey, darker on the latter, 

which are greyish black; lower fore neck, breast, and abdomen 

deep vinous chestnut; the feathers of the lower fore neck broadly 

edged with grey, those of the breast have narrow greyish-vinous 

edges, and those of the abdomen only two small greyish spots near 

the tips; flanks, vent, and under tail-coverts lead-grey; greater 

upper wing-coverts and the under wing-coverts also lead-grey; 

quills and primary-coverts blackish brown; tail slate-black: " bill 

purplish black; irides hoary; orbital space livid; legs and feet 

blackish green in front, yellow behind: claws pale yellow." Length 

about 15 inches, wing 9*3, tail 5*75, bill 0*67, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Similar to the male, but duller and smaller; the grey 

colour of the head less pale and clear, and the vinous-chestnut parts 

of the male dark grey. 

Hah. From Cashmere, through the middle region of the Himalayas 
to Moupin. 

tt.cJad.sk. Cashmere (Captf. 3. Pimuill). Tweeddale Coll. 

b. § ad. sk. Cashmere. Hume Coll. 
c,d. 6 ? ad. sk. N/W. Himalayas. Capt. S. Pinwill [P.]. 
e. c? ad. sk. lioteghur. Hume Coll. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Kumaon. Hume Coll. 
ff} hf i. $ 5 ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
[P.]. (Types of 
Colwmba nipalensis, Hodgs.) 
kj I. c? ad. sk. Nepal (B. H. Hodgson). India Museum [P.]. 

m. S ad. sk. Nepal Valley. Tweeddale Coll. 
n. c^juv.sk. Tonglo, Sikhim, 11,000 ft. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(F. D. Godman). 
o-f. <$ 5 ad. et Native Sikhim, Jan.-June Hume Coll. 
imm. sk. & Nov. (L. Mandelli). 
g'. <3 juv. sk. Interior of Sikhim, June Hume Coll. 

(L. Mandelli). 
W, i', hr. $ $ ad. Darjeeling, April, Nov. Hume Coll. 
sk. 
I', m\ ri. c? ? ad. Bootan (Pembertori). India Museum. 
sk. 
o\ $ ad. sk. Moupin. Seebohm Coll. 
p'. $ ad. sk. [Bombay] (Syke*) India Museum [P.]. 

•lii 
276 
CQLVHB1DM. 

18. Columba arqiiatrix. 
Ramerom Lemitl Ois. dAfr. u. p. 67,^ pi. 264 (1808). 

Columba arquatrix, Temm. fy Xnipy Pig. I. fam. seconde, p. 11, pi. 5 
(1808-13); Temm. Hist. Pig. et Gallia, i. pp. 98, 447 (S. Afr.) 
(1618) ; Tieill X. D. xxv. p. 359 (1616): Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 1? 

p. 19 (1310); Tieill JSnc. Metk. i. p. 379 (1523); Steph. Gen. Zool 
xiv. 1, p. 280 (ib'26); Desm. Diet. Se. Xaf. xl p. 318 (1826); 
Wagl. Syst. Ai\ Columba, sp. 50 |1K27); Ze>*. Tr. d'Orn. p. 459 
(1831); R'upp. Xeue Wirbdth. p.fc>7 (Abyssinia) (1535-40); G. 
P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 6 (1544) ;* Pupp. Si/st Uebers. p. 100 
(1845; : Rchnb. Syn. Av. ff. 1251-52 (1847); G. P. Gr. List B. 
Brit. Mus. Columba. ^.82 (S. Africa) (1858); Sunder. K Svensk. 
Tel-Mad. Handl 1^57, p. 53, n. 264; Gum. Ibis, 1600, p. 218 
(XatalJ; Monteiro, P. Z. S. 1^04, p. 1> (Bbiiguela}; layard, B.S. 
Afr. p. 257 (1867) j Boe. Jam. Ac. be. Lisbon. ii. p. 144 (18(57); 
layard, Ibis, 1509, p. 459 < \ar.?; Rrugl. Orn. X.O.-Afr. I p. 825 
(lfc71), ii. App. p. clxix (lb73 j ; Girb.'Thts. Orn. i. p. "740 11872); 
Ay res. Ibis, 1*>70, p. 483; Borage, J"./. O. 1^70, p. 314; Ay res, 
Ibis, 1*80, p. 109 {Tran^ aal): //om/-/*, O/VL Anrpda, p. 3^2 (1881); 
Sato. Ctaf. /A JSTWCA-/. <V/. p. 543 (]^i> i; Sht LU Vert. An. 6th 
ed. p. 447 f l^e8); Ayrn, Ibi% l*s5, p. 845 (Transvaal): Socage, 
Jorn. Sc. lisb. xii. p. 281 (B**u.rut"l i and Anjrolaj |LHV^); Hornet, 
Jorn. Se. Ac. Lisb. {2) n. 1, p. 49 ,1 ^U; : 7>iV/\ Cat. Coil. B. p. 37 
(lhfrO); Hartert, Kcd. T*gdwmml, p. 1^> (1*91). 
Alsoeumus arquatrix, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 282, n. 1409 
(1649); id. J. A. S. B. xxiv. p. 2fj0 (1655). 

Stictcenas arquatrix, Rchnb. Syst. Av. Xaf. p. xxv (1H52 ; Bp. Cunsp. 
Av. ii. p. 59 (1554); id. Omipt. R^ml. xxxix. p. 1105 (1*54); id. 
Coup (Cecil Ordre Pig. p. 21 (18551; id. Compt. Rend, xliti. p. 948 
(lfcott); Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 59, t. 221. ff. 1251-52 118fj2); {?. J?. 
&r. Hand-list, ii* p. 234, n. 92rO l*70f; AWi%. J/KS. P.-ff. 
Colunibse, p. 72 (1*73); Soma, Mus. Xac. Lfeb. Columba*, p. 13 
(1873); Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. Cnn. (i>) i. p. 207 fShoa) (1684), 
Ti. p. 303 (16feto); Hem. fy Rehmc. Xomeael. Mus. Hem. Orn. 

p. 276 (1890). 
Columba arquatricula, Bp. Mus. Luqd. 1850; Heugl. J. f. O. 1862, 
^ p. 306; Gieb. The*. Orn. i. 740 <la72j. 
Stictcenas arquatricula, 
Bp. Camp. Ar. ii. p. 50 (ls54); id. Compt. 
Pend. xxxix. p. 1105 (lfe54): id. Coup cCail Ordre Pig. p. 21 
(1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 59 (1602); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 234, n. 9268 (1870); Hein. tyRchnw. XmnencL Mm, Hein. Orn. 
p; 2715 (1890). 
Strictoenas arquatrix, De$ Mun, Ene. tCHist, Xat,7 Ois. vi p. 40 
(1854?). 
Stictcenas arquatrix a. arquatricula, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 948 
(1856). 
Faiumbus 
arquatrix, Heugl Syst. Ueb. n. 507 (1850) ; Shell. Ibis, 
1883, p. 283; Skarpe, Bayard's B. S. Afr. p. 501 (1884); Shell 
Ibis, 1893, p. 28 (Zomba). 

Adult male. Pront half of tbe pileum, cheeks, and neck dark vinous 
purple; back half of the pileum and occiput grey; the feathers on 
the back and sides of the neck have the black base partially showing 
through; upper back, smaller scapulars, and the inner half of the 
wing-coverts deep purple-chestnut, passing gradually on the re


2. COLUMBA. 277 
mainder of the wing-coverts into leaden grey; lesser scapulars and 
lesser and median wing-coverts spotted with white at the tip; lower 
back and rump deep slaty grey, shading into uniform black on the 
upper tail-coverts; breast slate-purple, with whitish spots at the 
tip of the feathers; between the base of the neck and the breast 
there is a band formed by the dark purple feathers, broadly 
edged with vinous purple; abdomen, under wing-coverts, and under 
tail-coverts slate-grey; quills brown-black; tail black: " iris 
greenish; feet, bill, and bare skin round the eyes yellow7* (Antinori). 
Total length 14 inches, wing 9-25, tail 5*75, bill 0*75, tarsus 1. 

Female. Somewhat smaller and duller in colour than the male; 
the vinous-purple colour of the neck more greyish. 
Young. Head mingled with grey and purple; back brown; many 
feathers of the neck edged with ruddy. 
Eab. Prom South Africa to Abyssinia on the east, and to Benguela 
and Angola on the west. 

a. Ad. sk.
b, c, d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . Ad. sk.
'g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
i. § ad. sk. 
S. Africa. 
S. Africa. 
S. Africa. 
Cape of Good Hope. 
Kingwilliamstown. 
Kingwilliamstown. 
Rustenberg, Nov. (T.
Ayres), 
Laugier Coll. 
J. Eocke, Esq. [P.], 
Earl of Derby [P,]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Capt. Trevelyan [P.]. 
Lieut. Anstey [P.]. 
Gurney Coll, 
k. Ad. sk.
/, m. <$ ad. et ad.
sk.
n. S juv. sk.
o,p. J $ ad. sk. 
Natal. 
Burg Mountains, May 
(Gordge). 
Pinetown, Sept. (T.
Ayres). 
Zomba, Nyassaland, Sept. 
Shelley Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
H. H. Johnston, Esq. 
q. r? ad. sk.
r. Skeleton. 
Kilimanjaro, 10,000 ft. 
S. Africa.
[O.j. 
H. H. Johnston, Esq. 
[C.]. 
Purchased*. 

* I am not acquainted with the following variety:— 
Columba arquatrix, var. ?, Boc. Jom. So. Lisb. xii. p. 82 (St. Thomas I.) 
(1887). 
Columba arquatrix, var. thomensis, Boo. Jom. So. Lisb. xii. pp. 230, 232 
(St. Thomas I.) (1888). 

Similar to C. arquatrix, but larger and showing the following differences:—
1st, the forehead, sides of the head, and throat slate-ashy instead of 
vinous red; 2nd, the front part of the neck is like the back, and the breast of a 
dark uniform vinous-red tinge, while the same parts in C. arquatrix are of a 
pale vinous grey, with numerous purplish-black spots in the centre of the 
feathers (!); 3rd, the general colour is browner; 4th, the white spots on the 
wing-coverts and on the abdomen are smaller and more distant from each 
other. Length 14*93 inches, wing 9-04, tail 7, bill 078, tarsus 1*41. (Translation.) 


Sab. Island of St. Thomas, W. Africa. 

278 COLOIBID^ 

19. Columba leucocephala. 
Columba capite albo, Shane, Toy. Jam. ii. p. 803, t. 201, f. 2 (1705


25); Cfcfesk Care/, i. p. 25, t 25 f 1754f. ^ 

Columba saxAtilis jamaicensis, Bnss. Orn. L p. 137 (1700). 

Columba leucocephala, Linn, S. S, I. p. 2S1, n. 14 (1706); #v?z. 5. JT. 

i. 2, p. 772, n. 14 (17**); Lath. Ltd. Ora. II p. 594. n, 5 (1790); 
Bonn. Talh Enc Mefh. p. 235 (1790): 7VA/H. & Snip, Pig. i. 
fam. seconds pi. 13 (1*05-11); Tenun. Pig. ef Galin. pp. 204, 459 
(1^13): nW//. JV. D. xxvi. p. 3U7 (1-1* : Sftjjk. Gut. Zjul. xl 
p. .30 (W0); VieilL Gal. (H Oi*. I p. 331, pi. 194 i l*i'5 I: Z>. Jl A. 
S. S. mind, T. p. 30 {1S25): Shpk. G* n. 2W. x.\. p. 21 )1 (1*20;; 
Demi. Dirt. Sc. Sat. xl. p. 320 (1-iiOt: Wwjl 6W. Av. Columba, 
sp. o2 (1*27); Jig. ZooL Joi/rn. 1:1. p. 44*5 (Cuhy fl*2*j; Bp. 
Am. Orn. ii. p. II, pi. 17. f. 1 f l*2-n TVaql I>h, lii'iJ, p. 744; 
Cur. Ilign. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 491 «1-29| ; iW. Tr. dtOrn. p. 409 
(1631); Si/tf. Man. Orn. I. p. U2o (l*0:if; U'ih. $ Bp. Am. Orn. 
iii. p. 407, jil. 17. f. 1 f lbS2); ..Jte/7. Ora. Biogr. ii. p. 443, v. p. 507, 
pi. 177 C1N34J; Ze«s. CV/7n/y/. deBitjf.* Oh. vlil p. 1<L> (1-37); tf. 
o/?. c#. i%d ed. p. 2'*7 (1S3-^; Jj'Orb. in La Sugra"^ Mid. Sat. 
Cuba, Orn. p. 171 ilarjv ed. p. 12*3j (1-09 J; Ami Birds Am. i\. 
p. 315, pi. 2^0 < 1 -43 ,•; G. Ii. Gi\ Gen. B. ii. p. 47U, n. 5 (1-44); 
Gulliv P. Z. S. 1-44. y.JQ; Lntny, P. Z. S 1-17. p. 0*; GWP, 
5. Jam. p. 2i»!) (1-47J: Ibhtth. Syn. Ai. if 3i'57 5- (1-47); tf. 
op. cit. SoviL Ctihunbaria*, ff. 2Ht*3-0£ < IH~11; G* ^\ Sot. Sg. in 
Jam. p. 173 (1K31}; G. It. Gr. Lht B. Brit. M?r*. C diiiiiki% p. 29 
(1*50); Sallf\ P. Z. S. 1-57, p. 235; B/riH. B. X. Am. p. 599 
(!*>•); Moore.P.Z.S, 1SS!*, p. 01 ; *V/ Jr>W;. IU\ 1<5U, p. £& 
(Kw~): MarJi. Pr. Ac. Sat. Sr. Pkiiml WJ3, p. 30J; Tm/L Mis, 
Ibfji, p. 171 (Porto liico); *Wr. Jf/w\, lM*4,jp. 374, «V0, 3*2 
(British Honduras I; Bryant* Pr. Bw>t. *SV. ^\7//. JIhf. xi. p. 90 
(lfcOO); Baird7 Ibi% lbi>7? p. 270; hunrhr. (JEfy. K. Vet.-Akad. 
For. Ib09, pp. oS5, 000; >Ve/af. P. Z. h. l^B, p. h'27; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 745 (lb72); Pdz. Ihi% 1*73, p. 34; *«%. 3/«»-P.-B. 
Columbai, p. 08 (Panama!) (1^73); Garrwl, P. Z. >S*."ls73, p. 408; 
Selat. 4* Sate- So mend. Av. Seotmp. p. 132 f 1H73) ; Baird, Brev\} 
SfRidgw, Mist S.Am. B: iii. p. 3*3 (lb74); Gi/llk. P.Z.S. Ib75, 
p. 489; Lairr. Pr. U. S. Sat Mm. L p. 4*7 (1H7^) ; Schmidt, 
P. Z. S. I860, p. 314: Cory, B. Bahama LI. p. 137 (16*0) \A.ScE. 
Seict. JLandb. Jam. p. 114 (18*1); Con/, Bull. Suit. Orn. Club, \i. 
p. 154 (1881); Maynanh Bird*E. S. Am. p. 333 (lfcfcl); Sate, Cat. 
B. Sirifll Coll. p/542 (Ih&l): Selaf. Lkt Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 447 
(1883); Couev, Key S. Am. B. p. 505 (1S84); Sate. lbw7 1885, 
p. 193 (I. of Cozumel); Cory, B. Haiti and San Domimjo, p. 134 
(1885); id. List B. W. 2nd. p. 23 (18-5); id. Aid\ lhb7t p. 108; 
Bidgw. Man. S. Am. Birds, p. 212 (lfc*71; id. Pr. U.S. Sat. Mm. 
x. p. 577 (1^87); Cmyn B. TV. Ind. p. 2CB (1889); Sate. Ibk, 1889, 
p. 377 (Cozumel l.f Huatan I.)t 1890, p. 89; Rartert, Kat. Vogelsamml. 
p. 186 (1891); Con/} Auk, 189% pp. 48 (Maraguana), 272 
(Cuba); Scott, Auk, 1B9% pp. 122 (Jamaica), 212 (Florida); 
Bendire, Life Mist S. Am. Birds, p. 131 (1892); CAapm. Butt. 
Am. Mus. S. B. iv. p. 291 (1892). 
White-crowned Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 616, n. 5 (1783). 
Patagicenas leucocephala, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Sat p. xxv (1852); Bp. 
Comp. Av. ii. p. 54 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1110 (1854), 

xl. p. 218, n. 152 (1855) ; id. Coup dml Ordre Pig. pp. 20, 56, 
n. 152 (1855); Cab. 8f GundlJ.f.O. 1856, p. 107; Burm, Syst. 
2. coLxnruA. 279 
Uebers. Th. Bras, iii. p. 203 (18.30); Brewer, Pr. Bod. Soo. Kat. 
Hist. vii. p. 307 (1800); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 80; AlbrecM, 

J.f. 0. 1802, p. 204; Mchib. Tauten, I p. 64, t 223. if. 1257-58, 
t. 2oo. If. 2863-64 (1862), ii. p. 172 (1862); Gundl Repert. Fisico-
Nat. Cuba, i. p. 298 (1866); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 234, n. 9257 
(1870); Suusa, Nac. Jlus. Lisb. Columbse, p. 14 (1873); Gundl 
J. f. 0. 1874, p. 288; id. Anal Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. vii. p. 345 
(1878); id. J.f. 0. 1878, pp. 161, 186. 
Patagicenas leucoeephalus, A. § K Newt. Ibis3 1850, p. 253 (St. 
Croix). 
Patagoenas leucocepliala, Hem. 4* licitmo. XomencL Mus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 276 (1890j. 
Adult male. Dark plumbeous, somewhat lighter below; entire 
top of head white, margined behind with plumbeous; nape dark 
maroon, below it a cape extending upon the sides of the neck of 
bronzy green, each feather distinctly bordered with velvety black; 
back with slight bluish reflections; quills slate-black, edged with a 
very narrow whitish line; tail uniform slate-black: " bill dirty 
greenish white, with the soft part dark carmine; feet dull red, with 
carmine-reel scales; naked skin round the eyes powdered with white, 
edge of the eyelids dark red ; iris dull yellow, with a brown tinge" 
(Gimdlach), or "almost white, with the faintest tinge of strawcolour" 
(Scott). Total length about 14 inches, wing 7*8? tail omo, 
biU 0-78, tarsus 1-3. 

Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller and duller, 
and with the top of the head, at least in some specimens, tinged 
with dirty grey. 

Immature birds have the white of the top of the head tinged with 
dull greyish. 
Yontig. Greyish brown, whitish on the forehead: '< iris brown" 
(Gundlach). 
Hab. Greater Antilles, Bahamas, and Florida Keys; also Santa 
Cruz, St. Bartholomew, Cozumel Islands, and coast of Honduras. 

a. Ad. sk. K. America. Audubon Coll. 
b. Ad. sk.
c. S imm. sk. 
K America. 
Punta Eassa, Florida, 
Earl of Sussex [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. $ juv. sk.
Aug. {Atkins). 
Key West, Florida, Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
f. £ ad. sk.
g. <$ ad. sk.
h. Imm. sk.
(Atkins). 
San Cristobal, Cuba, May. 
Cuba, Feb. 
Kemedios, Cuba, Feb. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Smithsonian Institui, 
k, I. Ad. et imm.
sk.
m. $ ad. sk.
(JBishop). 
Spanish Town, Jamaica, 
May, April (March), 
Midgeham, Jamaica, June 
tion[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. Ad. st.
p. Ad. st.
q, r, s. $ ad. sk.
(W. Osburn). 
Jamaica. 
Jamaica. 
San Domingo, Jan., April 
Cuming Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. Ad. sk.
(C.B. Cory), 
San Domingo. Cuming Coll 

280 COLTJIBIDJa. 

«, v. <$ ad. sk. Antiqua, April, June (C. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
B. Cory). 
w, x. Ad. sk. Cozumel Is., Yucatan, Salrra-Godinan Coll. 
April, Jan. (E. C. 
Devis). 
y-d'. Ad. et imm. 
sk. 
Cozumel Is., YucatanF. Gauttier). 
(G. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e\f. dad. et 2 British Honduras {O. S.}. SaUin-Godman Coll. 
jur. sk. 
g/-p! . Ad. et imm. Ruatan I«L, Bay of tlon-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. duras (6% Jl Gaumer). 
q. Skeleton. "X. America] Purchased. 

20. Coluinba squamosa. 
Columba corensis, Temm. {nee Jacq.) Piq. et Gallia, i. pp. 211,481 
(1813); Steph. Gen.ZooL xl p. 5 (IMP;, xiv. 1, p. i2U4 11826); 
Desm. Diet. Se. Xat xl. p. 320 (l^if; Zo«. O/MJ//, rfr Jj?i/Jf., Ow. 

viii. p. 100 (1837); w/. o/>. nV. 2nd K1. p. 2i*7 s 1*3N ; fr. 12. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 470. n. 20 (la44j; id. Li*t B. Bnf. M?n. Columba, 
p. 30 (1850); Salle, R Z. S. 15,37, p. 235 ; J. k E. Xewf. Ifjh, Ibo9, 
p. 252 (St. Croix); OM . Pr. Ac. ISnt. »Sf. Philud. IMK), p. 377; 
17. C. 7%/. i/>is, 1804, pp. U4,171 iDoimmVa, Porto Kit***); Bryant, 
Pr. Bost Soc. Xat Hist, xl p. 4*0 (1*00); tSi/w/^r. <2#V. A". TeL-
Akad. Fork. IW.\, p. Ml ; 6-V//. 2Tft*s. Orn. i. p. 712 11^72); Mdeg. 
31us. P.-B. Columba.*, p. 0^ (1^73f; Mat. ty »Wr. Xomenel. Av. 
Xeotrop. p. 132 (lb73); Baird, Brt-tr., <y Itidt/w. Ili^t. X. Am. 
Birds, iii. p. 3fcX3 (lo74); 6-W/iV. P. Z rt. Id75f*p. 4^»; Zwr, Pr. 
U.S. Xat. Mm. I pp. 11H?T 4^7 i lfc?N; Mat P. Z. K 1^7U, p. 765 
(Montserrat I; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 42 (St. Vincent |; Alien, Bull. 
Xutt. Orn. Club, v. p. 109 (1880); Gmdale. Ih\ lbr*2, p. 492 
(Montserrat); tialv. Cat B. Strickl. Chil. p. 545 (lb82); &fa*. 
Zzstf Vert. An. Stli ed. p. 447 (Ifcfcfof; Cory, Birds Haiti and San 
Domingo, p. 136 (1885); M?. ZM^ 5/nfe W. lad. I p. 23 (188-3); 
Wells, Pr. US. Xat Mus. 1***6T p 024 (Gonads); id. List B. 
Grenada, p. 6 (1886); Con/t _4«A*T 1^7, p. 109; id. B. W. Ind. 

p. 210 (1889); Mat P. Z.*K 1*&9, p. 395 (St. Lucia); Hartert, 
Bull. Br. Orn. Club, iii. p. xii (1&92j < Bonaire); Chapm. Bull. Am. 
Mus. X. EL. Iv. p. 291 (1892). 
Columba squamosa, Bonn. Tabl. Enc. Meik. i. p. 234 (Guadaloupe) 
(1790). 

Columba portoricensisf Te?nm. % Knip, Fig. i. fam. seconde, p. 41, 
pi. 15 (1808-11); Lev. Tr.dOm. p. 469 (IteSlj; & Orb. in La 
Sagrds Mist. Xat Cuba. Ois. p. 172 (large ed. p. 127), pi. 27 (1839); 
Rchnb. Sgn. Av. Xovit. Columfearise, f. 2581 (1847), 

Columba monticoia, Vieill. X. D. xxvi. p. Zoo (1818). 

Columba imbricata, Wagl. Sy<< Av. Columba, sp. 48 (1827). 

Patagicenas corensis, Bp. Cmisp. Av. ii. p. 54 (1854J; id. Compt 

Rend, xxxlx. p. 1110 (1854), xl p. 218, n. 153 (1855); id. Coup 
deeil Ordre Fig. pp. '2% 56, n. l&Z (1855); id. Cbmpt. Fend, xliii. 

p. 839 (1856); Cab. J. f. 0. 18m, p. 105; Brewer, Pr. Bost Soc. 
Nat. Eift. Tii. p. 307 (1880); Rchnb. Tauben, I p. 64, t. 222. f. 2581 
(1862), ii. p. 172 (1862); Gundl Fepert. Fimeo-Xat Cuba, l. p.299 
(1866); G.F. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 234, n. 9258 (1870); Gundl 
J.f.O. 1874, p. 289; id. Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist Xat viL p. 344 
(1878); id. J.f.O. 1878, pp. 161,186. 
2 . COLTTMBA. 281 
Patagicenas imbricata, Burm, Syst. Uebers. Th. Bras. iii. p, 294 
(1856). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and crop-region rich vinous;*nape and 
a cape extending npon the sides of the neck metallic violet, each 
feather distinctly "bordered with velvety maroon; rest of the plumage 
dark plumbeous, scarcely paler below; quills with narrow light 
edges, especially at the tip ; tail dark slate-colour: " bill bright lake, 
yellowish white at the tip of both mandibles; skin round the eyes 
nearly bare and of a dull red, with a little fine yellow bloom upon 
it; iris with the inner ring scarlet, the outer and narrower one 
golden yellow; legs and feet lake; claws dark horn-colour" 
(Newton). Total length about 14 inches, wing 8*5, tail 6, bill 0*62, 
tarsus 1*08. 

Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller and perhaps 
duller. 

Young. Brown, with the tips of the feathers rufous chestnut. 

Hab. Antilles (except Jamaica and Bahamas)—Cuba, Porto Bico, 
St. Croix, Montserrat, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Yincent, Grenadines, 
Grenada, and Bonaire. 

a. <$ ad.sk. Monte Verdi, Cuba, May Smithsonian Institub. 
S ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
(C. Wright). 
Monte Verdi, Cuba, April 
(C. Wright). 
San Cristobal, Cuba (G. 
tion [P.]. 
Salvin-U-odman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. 
F. Gatimer). 
Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Hayti (J. Hearne). ZoologicalColl. 
Society's 
f. g. Ad. sk. et st. 
h. Ad. sk. 
San Domingo. 
Montserrat, W. Indies 
Sall<S Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i9 k. c? ad. sk. 
(Sturge). 
Dominica, W. Indies (F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. S ad. sk. 
m. Juv. sk. 
A. Ober). 
St. Lucia, March (Famage). 
St. Vincent, W. Indies, 
West-India Commission 
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n, o. J ad. et ad. 
Sept. (D. W. Smith). 
Mustique Grenadine, W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
p, q, r. $ ad. et 
ad. sk. 
Indies, June (D. W. 
Smith). 
Grenada, W. Indies, April 
May {Mrs. H. FL. $ L>. 
W. Smith). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
21. Columba speciosa. 

Pigeon ramier de Cayenne, DAtcbent. PI. Fnl. 213. 
Ramiret, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. p. 541 (1771). 
Scallop-necked Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. % p. 643, n. 39 (1783). 
Columba speciosa, Gm. S. N. i. p. 783, n. 58 (1788); Lath. Lnd. Orn. 


ii. p. 605, n. 45 (1790); Bonn. Tabl. Eno. Meth. i. p. 245, pi. 80. f. 2 
(1790); Temm. $ Knip, Fig. I fern, seconde, p. 39, pi. 14 (1808
C0IX31BXXJJ:. 

11); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. L pp. 2U8, 460 (1&13» : Tieill X. D. 

xxxi. p. 364 (1S13); Sttph. Gen. Zoul x i p. 41 (1-19): Wied. 
Reise nack Bras. i. p. 251 I1S20): SfppJi. Gen. ZonU xiv. p. 2^6 
(1828); Desm. Diet. S<*. Xat. xl. p. 320 I ISL'O : TT>7/. %>?. .4r. 
Coluniba, ^p. 63 (1^27?: i>$s. Jr. /"/O/vz. p. 409 (1-31?*; tfW, 
P<?#r. iv. p. 447 (lbJ2|; Pess. C >mj K de Buff.* Ois. % III. p. 100 
(1637); id. op. cit. 2ml ed. p. 290 i 1-3-1: G. It Gr. Gea. B. ii 
p. 470, n. 11X(lS44s: Rehab. Spa. dL.ft*. 1^53-54 ^1-47); Schomb. 
Reise, iii. p. 743 (1^4-) ; G. it Gr. Ltst B. Bn\ Mi/*, Columbfe, 
p. 32 (1856); Mat cv Sr?7,. Ibr\ l-5«t, p, i^ : Srlat P. Z. £. 
1*00, p. 201 <Eminent!L>|, 6' fo*. .v Sar. P. Z. S. 1-04, p. 371; 
iid. P. Z. S. 1-07. pp. #*0 floras 753 iChvaveti^l; Wr. 
P. Z. S. 1570, p. 217 fYVra_riun <W>. 77% . O-rt. i. p. 751 
(1S72); ticfot ty Sah\ Xviwn**'. A*\ Xtotr p. p. 132 (IN3): iid. 
P. Z. S. 1-73, p. :ji 0 KJ .tunc iru- , 3** 71*. p. 543 i R^m^dij-*); 
PW^s\ Ibi\ 1^1, p. 31-,: ,^/r. rV/'. P. >'/v './. CM. p. 543 (1—2); 
Sclat. Li-t Vtrt. An. ^tli wl. p. 44-1 —3 , 7V/Z. A* Ikr/. P. Z. S. 
15-5, p. IIP: 7V2. 0/VL P A ili. j . 201%I;J)U- p. 101 11—0); 
;SVi/i*. i/>i*«, 1--0, p. 173 fBr.ti^i ( TIU in J ; -&/f Jm, Ann. Mits. Xac. 
Costa Pica, 1—7. p. 127, n. 5-2 I (' -ti Iti dT. A HA I, Bull Am. 
Mit*. X. II. ii. p. 1U5 I J—iM f I»oli\i«u ; IliJjr $ Ctirtpm. Avk. \i\i. 
p. 161 (Santaivraf f l-'O j ,* Ilart*>r*. K*tt. VtyAsnmml p. ItsO f 1^01). 
Ectopl^tes? spt-ciu-a. Sir. Zwl. Jwrti. iii. p. 3**2 f 1*^2*M, 
Peristera bpecio«a, Ilurtl. Sy*t. V* rz. p. in* f 1-44 ». 
Lepidtvna^ .npwdo^, P? hab. Ai. »V/^. ~W. p. \\\ \l ^521; Z)j. Consp. 
Ai\ ii. p. 54 (1N.>4|; UZ. CWny;>. P//F/ .\\\I\. p. 1110 |K~4fT xl 

p. 21% n. 155 (1^551; id. Coup tie / Ordr* Pip pp 26, 50t n. 155 
(18551; 2Toort< P. Z. S'. 1^5^, p. 01 ^IVten, ikiatyfiulai; iwrr. 
^i/2/?. Zy/». -V. i: % ii. p. 301 | !M*21: J^ /i/^>. Tanhm. I. p. 00, t. 22^t 
£ 1253-54 (1MJ2), ii. p. 17:2 (1M«C>I ; P/z. Orn. Brm. jq~i. 274, 450 
liv (l^f)-j: fr. P. Gr. Hand-lte* ii. p. 231, n *J50i- (1-70); tickleg. 
Mm. P.-P. Columb.'p, p- 70 |1^73i; Sou^a. 3/w*. JN^/*. XM^. 
Culuinbie, p. 14 (1^73); Tuts. P. Z. S. 1^74 p. 555 (CVntral Peru); 
Sumickratf, Xaturahza, x. p. 23L n. 25 (1^1); J£tin. fy Iiehnw. 
XomeneL Mi/s. JSein. Orti. p. 270 \ 1^00) 
Peristera spilodera, 6r. P. Or. 218.; Z[//. Compt. Rendus. xli. p. 659 
(1855). 

Chlorcenas 
spilodera, Bp. Comp. Ac. ii. p. 52 (1^54); id. Compt. 
Rpad. xxxix. p. 1109 (1*54), xl. p. 21% n. 14^ (lb55|; iVZ. Cio«j? 
€?'<2?^7 OrJre P^. pp. 25, "til n. 14^ (1-55); i/7. Compt Bead, sliii. 

p. 83S (=speciusa, jun.) (1*501. 
Patagioenas speciusa, Buna. 8t?st. Veb. Th. Brm. iii. p. 293 
(1850). 
CMorcenas speeiosa, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1S5G, p. 300 (Cordova, S.Mexico). 

Adult male. Head chestnut vinous; back, ramp, and smaller 
upper wing-eoverts maroon, with a purple tinge; feathers of the 
neck regularly margined with dark metallic green, more or less with 
violet or amethystine reflections, producing a regular scaly appearance, 
on the upper part each feather has a white spot near the 
margin ; on the lower hind neck the white spots are wanting and 
the feathers are chestnut in the middle; breast dull vinous, with 
darker edges to the feathers; middle of the abdomen, vent, and 
under tail-eoverts white, the feathers edged with dusky; quills 
brown, the primaries with narrow lighter edges; under wing-coverts 

2 , COLUMBA. 
283 

greyish brown, more or less tinged with vinous; longer upper tail-
coverts brown; tail brown-black: bill and feet yellowish; iris dark 
brown. Total length about 12 inches, wing 7*25, tail 4*25, bill 0*8, 
tarsus 095. 

Female. Differs from, the male in being much duller, and principally 
in having the back, rump, and smaller wing-coverts brown, 
with no maroon colour. 

Young. Browner on the upper parts, which are greyish brown; 
on the neck each feather is edged with brown-black and has a pale 
spot in the middle; underparts whitish, the feathers edged with 
dusky; the wing-coverts have narrow pale edges. 

Hah. Mexico and through Central America to Colombia, Guiana, 

Brazil, and Peru. 

a. $ jnv. sk. 
b. S imm. sk. 
c. d. S ? ad. sk. 
e. $ ad. sk. 
/. ? ad. sk, 

g, h. S 2 acL sk. 
i 2 ad. sk. 
h <$ imm. sk. 

I. (S ad. sk. 
?n. S ad. sk. 
n. Imm. sk. 
o, Ad. sk. 
ad* sk

P) %• d ?« 

r. $ imm. sk. 
s. $ ad. sk. 
t. Ad. sk. 
u. Ad. sk, 
v, w. Ad. et imm. 
sk. 

x. 
cS ad. sk. 
y, z. (S ad. sk. 

a!. Ad. sk. 

S. 
Lorenzo (Canton de 
Cordova), Mexico, June 
(Ferrari-Perez). 

Vera Cruz, Nov. 
Tizimin, N.Yucatan, May, 
June (G. F. Gatimer). 
Guadalupe Sakluck, Guatemala, 
April (0. S.). 

La Libertad, Nicaragua, 
July ( W. B. Richardson). 


Volcan de Chiriqui (ArcS). 
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arce). 
Chiriqui (Arcs). 
Lion Hill, Isthmus of 

Panama (MeLea?ma?i). 
Remedios, U.S. of Columbia 
(7\ K. Salmon). 
Vicinity of Bogota (Bow


man). 

Balzar Mts., Ecuador 

(Illinffworth). 
Sarayacu; Ecuador {Buckley). 


Bartiea Grove, Brit. 
Guiana, Feb. (JT. 

WMtely). 

Roraima, Brit. Guiana, 
Jan. (H. Whitehj). 
British Guiana. 

Para, Lower Amazons 
(Wallace). 
Bahia, Brazil (WucJierer). 

Engenho do Gama, Brazil, 
Aug. {Natterer). 
Chapada, Matto Grosso, 
Brazil, Feb., Aug. (JS. 

M. Smith). 
Brazil. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

R. Sehomburgk, Esq. 
[p.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

284 eoirMBri)^. 
b'. JUT. sk. S. America. Purchased. 
c\ Juv. sk. S. America. Purcliased. (Type of 
Peristera spilodera. G, K*. (jr.) 
d'. Ad. s t Zool. Soc. Coll. 

22. ColiLDiba inornata. 
Columba inornata, Tig. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 446 {Cuba i (1S2S): Wagl 
Isis, 1829, p. 744; Le^. Cwipl. dp Biif., Oi*. viii. p. 101 il537j ; 
id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 2«J7 <1^3* >; If Orb. in La Svgra* Mist Xat. 
Cuba. Ois. p. 173 {large ed. p. 127j, pi. 2* {1<3M i; G. P. Or. Gm. B. 

ii. p. 470. L. 31 (1*44 j : Lmnu. P. Z. tf. 1547. p. 39 ; <9. I/. 6-V. Zitf 5. 
Brit. Mm. Columk-p, p. 34(1830); Mnr^h Pr. An. Xat He. Philad. 
1803, p. 301: Gnadl J. f. 0. 1-70. p. 2*2: ^iW>. 27^. 0/vz. i 
p. 744 (1872); Sclat. He Sa!r. Xumracl. A,\ Xtotmp. p. 132 (1873); 
Baird. Breic, be Pddr/ir. Ekf. X. Am. Birth, iii. p. 360 (1874); 
A. £ j?. Xnrf. Handb. Jam. p. 114 (15*1) ; .W\ Cat. B. Strickl 
CW/. p. 343(1^2); Sclat. Li^t Vui. An. Mh HL p. 449(1853); 
G/ry. 2?. -HVwV/ <$• #a/i Domingo* p. 130 (1H83 I; id. Lint B. W. Lid. 
p. 23 (1883): id. Avlc, 1W , p. 110; ///. B. W. Ind. p. 211 (1SS9); 
*Stotf,^u*, 1*92, p. 122. ^ 
Columba rufina, *VW/* (?^sc 7Vm/«.), Z?. Jam. p. 200 (1847); id. Xat. 
Sof. in Jim. p. 173 (1*31». 
Carpophaora ? inornata, lit hub. *SV//J. -^I*. Xorit. C tlunibiritp, f. 2382 
(1831)/ 
Chlorcpnas 
inornata, 2?/?, Cuntp. Ar. ii, p. 33 (lfco4^; *//. Compt. 
Bend, xxitk. p. 1Kb (K14), xl p. 21% n. UJ* fl<;3); 2V. £W/> 
<7Vw7 O/Y/r. Pit/, pp. 23, 3tl, n. 14i* f!^33 f; Gmtdl 4- CWi. J. f. O. 
1836, p. 100 {Cuba); Bmnr. Pr. 2?W. Sw\ Xat. Hist vii.p.307 
(IM)Oj: Sclat. P.Z.S. IsU. p. M) iJtmm\i}; Ifrhttb. Tauben, i. 

p. 62, t 222. f. 2382 fl^2t, ii. p. 172 I W2f; Alhreiht, J. f. O. 
18(52, p. 204; (fundi BejierL Fhi<**-Xat. Cuba, i. p. 29« (lfcC6); 
<?. 2?. #r. Hand-U$U ii. p. 233. n. 9274 f 1870); StUeg. Mm. P.-B. 
Columba, p. 78 (1873): Gundl J. f. O. 1*74, pp. 2fcG,312; & 
Anal Soc. Esp. Hist. Xat. vii. p. 343 (1878); id. J.f. 0.1878, 
pp. 161, lbo. 
^4C/HZJ5 wia?e. Head, neck, and underparts TIILOUS purple; cam 
more or less wbitisb ; mantle, scapulars, wing-coverts (except the 
median ones), and inner secondaries brown-grey; lower back, rump, 
upper and under tail-coverts, bides, and under surface of the wings 
plumbeous; median wing-coverts tinged with chestnut; anterior 
upper wing-coverts and the greater ones conspicuously edged with 
white; primaries greyish brown, with narrow light edges to the 
outer webs; tail rounded, dark plumbeous grey : bill black, " horncolour 
; legs (and feet) carmine-red ; iris with an inner ring 
plumbeous, an outer one ochre-yeliow, and between the two a 
brownish tinge; edges of the eyelids and naked skin round the 
eyes carmine-red" (Gundlach). "Total length about 14*5 inches, 
wing 8*75, tail 6, bill 0-8, tarsus 1*15. 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat smaller and duller. 
Some adult specimens sbow a slight reddish tinge towards the 
tips of the under tail-coverts. 
Young. "Head, neck, and underparts have an ochreous tinge 

2 . COLUKBA. 
285 

instead of vinous purple; the wing-feathers are edged with 
ochreous" (Gandlach). 
Hah. Greater Antilles. 

a. Ad.sk Spanishtown, Jamaica (IF. Smithsonian Institu-
T. March). tion [P.]. 
b, o. £ ad. sk. Spanishtown, Jamaica, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(W. T. March). 
d. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). 
e. 2 ad. sk. Jamaica ( W. Osburn). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. San Domingo. Purchased. 
g. Ad. 
st. Cuba. Gould OolL (Type of 
species ?) 
28. Columba flavirostris. 
Columba flavirostris, Wagl Isis, 1881, p. 519; Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, 
p. 113; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 18 (1844); Lawr. Ann. 
Lye. N. Y. v. p. 116 (1851); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit Mus. Columbge, 
p. 34 (1856); Baird, B. N. Am. p. 598, pi. 61 (1858); id. Mex. 
Bound, ii. Birds, p. 21, pi. 23 (1859); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 369, 
391; Taxjl. Ibis, 1860. p. 226 (Honduras); Sclat. P.Z.8. 1864, 
p. 178; Dress. Ibis, I860, p. 313, 1866, p. 23 (Southern Texas); 
Cooper, Orn. of Calif, p. 508 (1820); Grayson, Br. Bost. 80c. N. H. 
xiv. p. 275 (1871); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. t>. 743 (1872); SclatfySalv. 
NomencL Av. Neotrop. p. 132 (1873); Lawr. Mem. Bost. 80c. N. fit 
ii. p. 304 (1874); Baird, Brew., 8? Ridgtv. Hist N. Am. Birds, iii. 
p. 366 (1874); Lawr. Bull U.S. Nat Mus. n. 4, p. 44 (1876); 
8a?ichez, An. Mas. Kac. Mex. i. p. 104, n. 487 (1878); Sumichrast, 
Naturaleza, v. p. 231, n. 27 (1881); Salv. F.Z.8. 1883, p. 428; 
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 458; A. O. U. Check-list N. Am. Birds, 
p. 179 (1886); Zeledon, Ami. Mus. Nat. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 127, 
n. 578 (Costa Eica); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 37 (1889); Bendire, 
Life-Hist. N. Am. Birds, p. 128 (1892). 
Columba erythrina, Lieht. Mm. Berol. fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 52 
(1854); id. Compt Rend, xxxix. p. 1108 (1854); id. Coup dlceil 
Ordr. Pig. p 24 (1855); id. Compt Rend, xliii. p. 838 (1856) ; 
Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. iii. p. 9 (1880); Coues, Chech-list N. 
Am. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 91 (1882); id. Key N. Am. Birds, 2nd ed. 

p. 566 (1884). 
Columba dorsalis, G. R. Gr. List Gallina Brit. Mus. p. 9 (1844). 
? Columba solitaria, McCall, Pr.Ac. Nat 8c. Phil. iii. p. 23 (1847) (Rio 
Grande, Texas); Bp. Consp. Av. p. 53 (1854); id. Compt Rend. 

xliii. p. 838 (1856); Baird, B. N. Am. p. 598 (1858); Dress. Ibis, 
1866, p. 23 (S. Texas); Ridgw. Pr. U.8. Nat Mtis. iii. p. 9 (1880)*. 
Cblorcenas flavirostris, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 52 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1108 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 145 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 24, 56, n. 145 (1855); Sclat P. Z. S. 1856, 
p. 309 (Cordova); Salv. Ibis, 1861, p. 355 (Guatemala); Rchnb. 
Taub. i. p. 61 (1862), ii. p. 171, t. ii. f. 20 (1862); Laior. Ann. Lyc. 

N. Y. ix. p. 134 (1868) (Costa Rica); Franfa. J.f 0.1869, p. 370; 
G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 235, n.9272 (1870); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Columbae, p. 78 (1873); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columba, p. 14 
(1873); Heine SfRchnw. Nomencl. Mm. Hein. Orn. p. 277 (1890). 
# Columba solitaria, McCall, is scarcely to be identified with the present 
species (Ridgway). 

2bC> 
COLUMBIDJB. 

Adult male. Head, 
neck, and breast dark virions purple; no 

metallic scales on neck; upper back, scapulars, and tertials brown 

with a slight bronze gloss : lower back, rump, upper and under tail-

coverts, vent, and 
flanks lead-grey; smaller and middle wing-

coverts purple-cbestnut; outer and under wing-covert* lead-grey, 

the greater ones with narrow whitish edges ; quills blackish brown, 

with lighter edgings; tail dark slate-grey, almost black: 4wbill 

coral-red at base and for rather more than two-thirds of its length, 

the tip being whitish (in dry bkins yellow j ; irL» bright orange; 

the bare space round the eye and leg* oral-red" (Drtsstr). 

Length about 14 inches, wing 7*50-^, tail 4*75, bill 0*56*, tarsus 

0-87. 

Female. Similar to 
the male, but duller and more dilute in 

colour, the vinous red and lead-^rey more a^liy. 

Ton ay. Differs in beina: much duller; head, neck, and breast 

brown tinged with reddish; patch on the median wing-coverts 

rufous chestnut. 

Hah. Southern border of the United State**, from Arizona and the 

Bio Grande Yaliev south to Co&ta Eicj. 

8-/7. c 2 ad. sk. Browi>\ iil% TVxa-, March, isalvin-Godman Cull. 
April iArmdnmgi 
k7 z, I", d ad. et IIid.iljo, Tc.\a*. Apiil {Arm>
o\\ in-Oodman Coll. 

ad, sk. strong \. 
/. Ad. sk. Matamor< *, Mexico, A'uti^t. Palvin-Godman Cull. 
m, n} o. e* ad, sk. Lo* E<*< »ba.-,X.I>*nn< Mexico, Jsalvin-Godman Coll. 

April, May (Arm*frong\. 
p, <$ ad. sk. Santa Ingracia, X. Leon, May Salvin-Godxnan Coll. 

{Armstrong}. 

q. 
5 ad. sk. Hadadi. Santa Intrracia. X. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Leon, May {Armntrotu/l. 
r. 
<$ ad. sk. Hadadi, Lo^ Tr»*vm< ?, X. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Leon, May {Arm^trungu 
5, t c? ad. sk. Villa Grande, X. Leon. May Salvin-Gi idnian Coll. 
(Armstrong). 
«, r. S ad. sk. Monte Morels, X. Leon.May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Armstrong), 
tc7 x. S 2 ad. sk. Aldama, Tamaulipa-, March Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I IF. B. Riehurtlxttt u 

y. 
Ad. sk. Tamaulipaa, Mexico { W. B. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Richardson). 
z-e'. c? 2 ad. et Tampico3IexicoTFfkb.,Marcb, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
juv. sk. June (W. B. Richardson). 
/'. <$ ad. sk. Northern Vera Cruz, June Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(IF. B. Richardsft/i). 
g\ //. J ad. et Misantla, Mexico, March {F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. D. Godman). 
i'-m'. <$ 2 &d. sk. Vega del Casadero, Vera Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Cruz, Dec. (if. TrztjUlo). 
n\ $ ad. sk. Atoyac, Mexico, May (I). W. SaHin-Godman Coll. 
Smith). 
o'iP'> 6 2 ad. fck. S, Lorenzo, Canton de CorSalvin-
Godman Coll 
dova, June{Ferrari-Perez). 

2. COLUMBA. 
q'. $ ad. sk. 
r'. 5 ad. sk. 
s, t'. J $ ad. &k. 

%L Ad. sk. 

v. $ ad. sk. 
to', j juv. sk. 
#'. $ ad. sk. 
y', $ ad. sk. 
z\ Ad. sk. 
a". <$ ad. sk. 
£",c". Ad.&k.etst. 
d", e". Ad. bk. 
/'. Ad. sk. 

g". J ad. sk. 

h". Ad. &k. 

i". Ad. sk. 

k", I". 6 ^ &k. 

m". $ ad. sk. 

n". Juv. sk. 

o". $ ad. sk. 

Sierra de Alamos, Sonora, 
May (W. Lloyd). 
El Toro, Sinaloa, May (W. 
Lloyd). 

Tres Marias Is., W. Mexico, 
April, May (A. Forrer). 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico {J. 
Xantus). 

Mazatlan, W. Mexico, Nov. 

(A. Forrer), 
Presidio, W. Mexico, June 

(A. Forrer). 
Santiago, Ter. of Tepic, May 
(IF. B. Richardson). 
San Bias, Ter. of Tepic, April 
(IF. B. Richardson). 
Acapulco, Mexico, March (A. 

II. Markham). 
SalinaCruz,Tehuantepec,Feb. 

(W. B. Richardson). 
Mexico. 
Northern Yucatan (G. F. 
Gaumer), 
Buctzotz, Yucatan, April (G. 

F. Gaumer), 
Ketalhuleu, Guatemala, Jan. 

( IF. B. Richardson). 
Escuintla, Guatemala. 
Costa Grande, Zapote, Gua


temala (0. S.). 

V. de San 
Miguel, Salvador, 
March (IF B. Richardson). 
La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua, 
August (W. B. 
Richardson). 

Costa Eica (J. Carmiol). 
Dota, Costa Eica, August 

(Zeledon). 

24. Columba rafiua. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Columba rufina, Temm. fy Knip, Rig. i. fam. seconde, p. 59, pi. 24 
(1808-11); Temm. Rig. et Gallin. i. pp. 245, 467 (1813); VieilL 

N. D. xxvi. p. 365 (1818); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 54 (1819); Wied, 
Reise nach Bras. i. p. 801, ii. p. 841 (1820-21) j Besm. Diet. Sc. Nat 
xl. p. 881 (1826); Wagl Syst Av. Columba, sp. 64 (1827); Cuv. 
Regn. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 491 (1829); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 470 (1831); 
Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 453 (1832); Zees. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. 
p. 59 (1837); Gulliv. R. Z. S. 1840, p. 43; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. 
p. 470, n. 16 (1844); Schomb. Reise^m. p. 743(1848); Rehnh. Stjn. 
Av.Novit Columbaria, if. 2583-84 (1851) 5 G.R. Gr.ListB. Brit 
Mus. Columbse, p. 34 (1856); Sclat. $ Sah. Ibis, 1859, p. 222 (Eio 
Bulce); ? Sclat. R. Z. S. 1860, p. 289 (Ecuador) ; Gulliv, R.Z. S. 
1862, p. 102 j Sclat # Salv. R. Z. S. 1804, p. 370 (Panama), 1866, 
288 
COLCMBIDX. 

p. 198 (Ucavali); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 5. 159 (TeraguaJ • Sclat. % 
Sate. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 591 (Mesiana): Sate. Ibis* 1*70, p. 115; id 
P.Z.S. 1870, ^ . 217 (Yeragimi. *38 I Honduras); Gieb. The*. 
Orn. i. p. 750 (1S72I; Sclat. & *V//i. XumeacL Av. Xeotr. p. 132 
(1873); «7f. P. Z. S. 1S78, p. 308 (East Peru!; 6-W/u*. P Z. & 
1*75, p. 4*9; Stifft &' hair, P. Z S. Ib78, p. 17, l*79t p. 543 
(Medellin); jFwfos. 2fo*«, 1**1. pp. 31*. 350 fX.E. Brazil); i&&, 
Gtf. P. -StoV:*/. Coll. p. o43 (lb*2s; P/7rr. P. Z. S. 1^2, p. 48 
(X.E. Peru); AVtfr. Sr Crudm. Ik\ 3^:3, p. ill*: >W<rt. XzV jT>r/. 
JL/i. feth ed. p. 4414 /1-SJi, 7V/«. * J&W. P. Z £. Is*:, pp. no, 114 
(Ecuador); Btrl 4' Jher. Ztit^hr. d. g^. Orn. 1**5. p. 176 
(Taguara); Tnrz. Orn. Ptr. Hi. p. 2m. TaMf-, p. 1< >2 1 1**0,; ^ & 
Ibis, 1S80, p. 178 (British (tuhna ; Zdrrfon, Ann.Mvs. Xar. Oo<ia 
Pica, 1*^*7, p. 127, n.5M fCo*ta Kical; Prr/. J/. 0. 1 ^ ptSjg 
(Ucayali) ; Wr . Cat. Cull. B p: 8*. f 1**10; Hart art, KaL 
Yogthamml. p. 1*0 11*91); Pile/* A* Chapia. Auk, ^ ill, p. 162 
(Santarexn) (1*91». 
Jantluenas rutina, Ilchnk At. Sij^t Xr<t p. x\v i 1*521. 
Chlorcenas rutina, Bj*. Coh*p. A*, il. p. 52 fl*54»: id. Compi. lifnd. 


xxxix. p. 110* fl*54t xl. p. 21 \ L. 140 « I*5-jj ; R Oitfp d*<zd 
Ordrt Piq. pp. 25, 5*«, xt. 140 11 ^55 ; £';//*/« »VA/ O bt n Th. Bras, 
ill p. 291 |1*50|; iSr//?/. P. Z *V l*j*\ p. 143, 1*57, p. 19 
(Bujruta), 1*59, p. 147 fEfutfla-, 1*00, p. 97 uNavval); CW 
Pr. Ac. Xat. tie. PMladA^'41, p. 104, n. 120 jTurbo and K. Atiato, 
Isthmus oi Daiimf; Iran: AMI. Lt?c. X Y \\\. \i. 000 {Panama) 
(Hi:'|; Pc/i«6. Tanhn. 1. p. 02, t. 222. Jl 25*:) ^4 { ]H»J2», p. 171 
(1*021; 2V/s. O/vL P/«s "pp. 274, 45(1, l\ IKHI; r/. 2<f. ^rv. 
I£and»hsf, ii. p. 2;j5t n. Ui?7iJ 11*701; Mtluj. MH\. B.-IJ, ( uiumba?, 
p. 79 U^73|; AWV>Y/, i/?/i 5V. /i^ . C<»l«maha% p. 14 (lb7»i); 
Hein. 4' Ilchnir. Xo/i&ncl J/w*. //>//?. Oy/2, p. !277 f l^UO). 
Melupelia 
plumbe^cen**, Xw/r. Ibi\ 1**0, p. 2:j* (juv., t\pe examined) 
; PA/. *ow. «f.; Bfhazr. wV >S>/^a/. /./. O. l*bl, p. 74; Sah, 
k Godm. Ibis, 1**3, p, 212 (=srutina, jut.). 

J/Zw/£ //iaZe. Forehead, Tt^rtex, and br**a*t purple TIHOIIS with an 
amethystine tinge, especially on the ncek ; occiput tind upper nape 
metallic bronze-green, with golden and purple reflections; cheeks 
grey; chin and throat whitish f^rey ; back, scapular?, and smaller 
and median tipper wing-coTeris chest nut-purple, more or less tinged 
with amethystine; lower back, rutnp7 and upper tail-coverts lead-
grey ; the purple-vinous colour* of the brei*t merger gradually into 
the grey of the sides, abdomen, and under tail-covertb; greater 
wing-coverts brown-grey ; quills brown, with narrow light edges; 
under wing-coverts grey; tail brown-grey, with a dirty-grey band 
at the tip, underneath paler: u iris red; bill blackish; feet dark 
red "(Wied). Length about 12 inches, wing 7*1, tail 4-0, bill 0-62, 
tarsus 1. 

Female. Somewhat duller, and with the chestnut colour of the 
upper parts less extended on the back and upper wing-coverts, 

Ymuig. Brown-grey ; occiput dark grey ; BO purple-vinous colour 
whatever; chin, and throat whitish ; rump plumbeous; sides, 
abdomen, under tail-covertb, and under wing-coverts grey; tail 
brown-grey, with apical dirty-grey band; upper wing-coverts and 
upper tail-coverts greyish brown, with narrow rufous edges. 

2 - COLTTMBA,. 
289 

Hob. Guatemala, down to Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, Ecuador, and 
Peru. 
According to Taczanowski, the Peruvian birds differ slightly 
from the Cayenne ones. 

Specimens from Brazil generally have the tail darker at the base, 
with a fairly well-defined lighter terminal band; and it is very 
probable that the description of Colnmha sylvestris, Yieill.* from 
Paraguay, applies to such specimens. "Wagler has already alluded 
to the great similarity of 0. sylvestris to C. rufina, with which Graf 
von Berlepsch thinks it may be identical. 

The type of 2Iehj>elia phoahescens, Lawr., kindly sent for inspection 
by 3ir. Allen, is no doubt a young bird of the present 
species, as already surmised by Mr. Salvin. Two specimens in the 
British-Museum, collection, both from British Guiana, agree closely 
with it. It has the tail uniform; so that if the characteristic 
features of 0. sylvestris are found to hold, 21. plumbescens would go 
with true C. rufina. 

a. 9. ad. sk. Ptio Dulce, Guatemala, Dec. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(0. S.). 
b. Jad.sk. Cubiliruitz?Guateinala(0.&). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Guatemala. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
d. Ad. sk, British Honduras (Blanca- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
necmx). 
e. Ad. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (G. M. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Whitely). 
f. c? ad. sk. Costa Rica (/. Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
g. $ ad. sk. Bugaba, Ckiriqui (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Chiriqui. Capt. Kellet & Lieut. 
Wood [P.]. 
i. 
o ad. sk. Cordillera de ToM, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Arce). 
k. $? ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L <$ ad. sk. Lion Hill, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(MeLeannan). 

* OOLUMBA SYLVESTRIS. 
Paloma monies, Aza7*a, Apunt. ill p. 11, n. 319 (1802) (Paraguay); id. ed. 

Sonn. Voy. iii. p. 129 (1809). 

Columba sylvestris, VieilL K JO. xxvi. p. 366 (1818) (ex Azarti); id. Etie. 

Meth. i. p. 375 (1823); Wagl Syst. JSat. Columba, sp. 54 (1827); Less. 

CompL de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 58 (1837); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, 

n. 17 (1844); Hartl Ind. Azar. Apunt p. 20, n. 319 (1847); Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 751 (1872). 
Columba melanoptera, 
Temm. (%ec Mol.) Big. et Gall. I pp. 359, 488 
(1813); Steph Gen. Zool. xi. p. 101 (1819); Bern. Bid. Be. Nat. xl. 

p. 375 (1826). n 7 
Chloroenas sylvestris, Bp. Consp. Av< ii. p. 52 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 
xxxix. p. 1108 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 147 (1855); id. CouptfmilOrdre 
Big. pp. 25, 56, n. 147 (1855); G. B. Gr. Hand4. B. ii. p. 235, n. 928 
(1870); Hein. $ Bchiw. Nbmencl. Mus. Eein. Orn. p. 277 (Bio Grande 
and S.E. Brazil) (1890). 
Columba rufina, Bert J.f. 0. 1887, p. 124, n. 292 (Azara, n. 319). 
VOL. XXI. "C 


290 
COLFHBrDJE. 

m . £ ad. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
0. 
Ad. sk. 
q. Ad. sk. 
Pi 

ri s} t. d $ ad. et 
juv. sk. 
u, r. <5 acl. sk. 

w., .r. Ad. et JUT. 
sk. 
Ad. sk. 


y-

z. Ad. sk. 
a',. Ad. sk. 
b\ , $ ad. ok. 

c\ $ ad. sk. 

d\, e'. d* $ ad- sk. 

/'. , Ad. sk. 

hr 

. 
Skeletons. 

9% 

Medellin, L".S. of Colombia 

{T. K. Salmon \, 
Vicinity of Bogota (G. 
Croirfher). 
Balzar 3Its. (lllingzcorth i. 
Trinidad. 
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana. 

Dec. (E. WhitelyU 
"Roraima. Brit. Guiana, Jan. 

{IL Whitehj). 

British Guiana. 

Cayenne. 

Para. 
Inland of Mexiana, Lower 
Amazons { Wullarri. 
Ytaraiv, Brazil, Jan. {Xatterer), 


Pelntas, Rio Grande do Sul, 
Brazil \Juyner\. 

Chapada, Matto Grow*, Brazil, 
Au??f Sept, (J/. J/. 
*SWM). 

Brazil. 

Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Salvin-Godmim Coll. 
SilTln-Godman Coll. 

Zooi. Soc. Coll. 
Sah in-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


R. Schomburek, Esq. 
~p -^, 

H.w C." Pothery, Esq. 
"P.". * 
R. Grali am, Esq. rP.]. 
BaMn-G oilman Coll. 
Ssahin-Godman Coll. 
Halvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purehwd. 
Pur^ha^d. 

25. Colnmba carihaea. 
Colnmha 
caada asnalo cincta jaiijaieeiwK Briss* Orn. L p. 138 
(1760). 
Pigeon a queue annexe de la Jamaiqiw*, Buff. Hmt. XaK Ois. ii. 

p. 539 (1771). 
Rinpr-tailed Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. % p. 639 (1783); id. Suppl. i. 
p. 199, n. 33 (1787). 
Oolumba 
carib^ea, Jacq. Beytr. p. 30, n. 24 (1784)*; Lath. Syn. 
Suppl i. p. 1119 (17*7); 6to. & X i. % p. 773, n. I> (1785); Zaft. 
Ind. Orn. ii. p. 603. n. 30 (1700); Bonn. Tabl Em. MSth. p. 236 
(1700); Temm. $ Ship, Pig. i. fani. *.ec»mdet p. 22, pi. 10 (180811); 
Temm. Piq. et Gallia, i. pp. 114, 4-10 (lfel3); Tleill. K D. 

xxvi. p. 359 (181>>) ; Steph. Gen. Zooi. xi. p. 30 (1819); JDesm. 
Diet 8c. Kat. xl. p. 323 (1820): Wayl. Sipt Ar. Columba, sp. 46, 
nota (1827), & sp. dub. 15 (18:27); Lm^Tr. #Qrn. p. 461) (1831); 
id. Cmnpl de Bvf.f, Ois, viii. p. 100 (1837); id. op. eii. 2nd ed. p. 296 
(1838); 6?. PL Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. L>.> (1844); Earth MB, 
1847, p. 611; Meknk Syn. Av. Xonif. Columbaria, I 3362 (1851); 
Sundev. (Efv. X. Vei.-Almd. PSr. I860, p. 601; Gieh. Thee. Orn. 
i. p. 741 (1872); Sckd. fy Sab. NomencL Av. Neotrop. p. 132 
(1873); Baird, Brew.f 4' Eidgto. Hist W. Am. Birds, iii. p. 359 
(1874) ;A.»JB. Newt Mmidh. Jam, p. 114 (1881); Cory, last B. 
W. Ind. p. 23 (1885) j id. Auk, 1887, p. 110; id. B. W. 2nd. p. 211 
(1889); Scott, Aukj 1892, p. 122 (Jamaica). 
* Although Jacquin stated that his bird bad no black band across the tail, 
he nevertheless identified it with Biisson's species. 
2 . COLUMBA. 
291 
Columba caribaea 0, Lath. Lid. Orn. ii. p. 603 (1790); Wagl Si/st. 

Av. Columba. sp. 40, nota, & sp. dub. 15 (1827). 

Columba ianipraitelien, Wagl. S'yst. Av. Columba, sp. 46 (1827). 

Columba caribbfea, Denny. P. Z. S.1847, pp. 39, 40 ; Gosse, Nat. Soj. 

in Jam. p. 173 (1*31) ; Xclut.List JWt. An. 8th ed. p. 447 (1883). 

Columba caiibbea, Go^e, B. of Jam. p. 291 (1847). 

Janthamus carihea, Rchnb. fide Bp. (errore ?), Cowsp. J.r. ii. p. 54 

(1854). 

Patagicenas caribaea, Bp. Consp. Ac. ii. p. 54 (1854): id. Compt. 

Bend, xxxlx. p. 1110 (l*54t, xl. p. i>18, n. 154 (1855); id. Coup 

deceit Ordre Big. pp. 2*;, 36, n. 154 (1855); Belat. P. Z. S.1861, 

p. 80; Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. Gof t 2300. f. 3362 (1862), ii. p. 172 
(1862;; Aihreeht, J. f. 0. lblJ2, p. 204; <9. 2*. Or. Rand-list, ii. 
p. 234, n. 025!4 (^70). 
Columba caribea, Ifarc/t, Pr. yle. AVrf. 8c. Philad. 1863, p. 301. 
Patagiajnas kinprauchen, Burm. Sij$f. Uehers. Th. Bras. iii. p. 294 
(1850j. 
Columba cariboea, Tmtr. Cat. Call. B. p. 37 (1889). 


Adult male. Head, neck, and underparts vinous; bind neck 
metallic golden green, with purple reflections; rest of the upper 
parts grey with a .slight olive tinge; under tail-coverts dirty 
whitish grey ; the primaries and their coverts black, some of the 
former more or lebs *>clged with whitish; under surface of the wing 
grey, the quills darker; tail above dull grey, with a black band 
about the middle ; tail underneath dusky grey, with a broad apical 
paler band: bill (in dry skin) black ; feet pale yellowish, probably 
red in the live bird; "iris varies from reddish orange to a deep 
intense vermilion n (Mcott). Total length about 14 inches, wing 8-5, 
tail &2^ bill 0*7, tarsus 1*15. 

Female. Like the male (Cory), but a specimen of this sex mentioned 
in the following list has the grey of the upper parts duller 
and somewhat tinged with olive, and the underparts of a more 
reddish tinge. 

Eab. Jamaica (and Porto Eico, Cory). 

a. J ad. sk. Trelawney, Jamaica, Nov. Smithsonian Institution 
[P.], 
b. (5s ad. sk. Trelawney, Jamaica, May ( W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Osbum). 
c. $ ad. sk. Spanishtown, Jamaica (W. T. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March), 
26. Colraiba fasciata. 
Columba 
fasciata, Say, Long's Exped. M. MU. ii. p. 10 (1823); 
Ids, 1824, p. 272; Bp. Am. Orn. I p. 77, pL 8 (1825); Wagl. 
Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 47 (1827); Bp. Syn. p. 119 (1828); Nutt. 
Man. i. p. 624 (1832) ; Less. CompL de Buff., Ois. viiL p. 100 
(1837) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 297 (1838); Bp. Comp. List, p. 41 
(1888); Aud. Orn. Biogr. iv. p. 479, pi. 367 (1838); id. Syn. 

p. 191 (1839); id. B. Amer. iv. p. 812, pi. 279 (1842); G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 13 (1844); Rchnb. Syn. Av. f. 1255 (1847) ; 
Peale, U.S. Expl Bxped., Birds, p. 108 (1848); Rchnb. op. cit. 
Novti. Columbaria, ff. 2865-66 (1851); Hartl Wiegm. Archiv, 
TJ2 

COLTJMBIDJE. 

1852, p. 114; Woodh. Sitgr. Rep. p. 92 (1S53); G. R. Gr. List 
B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 34 (lS30h Xeich. ZooL Gal § Or. 
Route, Rep. P. R. R. vi. p. 92 <1SO7); ItoW, B. X. ,4«. 

p. 597 (1858); Cass. U.8. Expl Exp.. Mamm. & Orn. p. 254 
(1858); Sclat. P. Z. S. 185U, p. 230 {Vancouver IsL), p. 809: 
Salv. fy Sclat Ibis, I860, p. 276 < Guatemala): Coop. |* Such 
X. S. Wash. Terr. p. 217 (I860): CW s ///A, iMj.j, p. lb*5; id. 
P. A X 8. 1866. p. 93 1 Arizona f; Brown. Ihh, ISOs, p. 423 
(Vancouver Lj : Cunper. Am. Xat. ill. p, slj (WjU); Cooper, 
Or a. CaL L p. 50t5 flSTH: 6'^/J. 77^. O/v. il. p. 743{1>72»; 
Schleg. Mu*. P.-B. Columkp, p. t*7 (1^73) : tf'iW. A* *SViA\ X meacl. 
Av. Xeofrop. p. 132 (1^70!: Bah-d. l//w.» # Pddijw. Hi*t. 
X. Am. B. iii. p. 360. pi. 57. f. 2 (W4J; Co?'*-*. B. of thr Xortftwest, 
p. 385 (1874) ; Ltnrr.Mem. B>M. ,W. X. JtL ii. p. 3041W4); 
Sanchez, An. Mus. Xae. Merico, I. p. 104. p. 4*0 (1^7HI; Sumichrast, 
Xati/raleza, v. p. 231. n. 20 llK'^l I: htil*: Cat B. Striell 
Coll. p. 542 118^2/; G/f/rs. Kty X. Am. Bird\ p. 505 11^4j; A. 
O. U. Code and Check-li*f Ami B. \. 17% 11. 312 |lHH0f: F.-Perez. 
Pr. U.S. Xat. Mim. ix. p. 174 {1^; : Trhfr. Cat. OM. B. p. 37 
(1889); ZflzcA .4?//;. Is92, p. 43 ; »V//*. &• *Wro. //,*%, !Mi2. p. 32s 
(Nicaragua): Bmdire, Lift -Hiht X -l/«. Birds, p. 1^2 JJH<JOJ# 
Columba monilis 1%. ZW. tituhtij* Vuij. p, 20. pi. 10 ilH39|; G. 

R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n* 14 (lK44i; lb hub. Stjn. At\ Xoiit 
Columbarhe, f. 24M ( KA h 

Peristera ?fa«ciata, Marti. S^i. Verz. p. <M 11-iiL 

Tsemoenas fe^iata, Itrhtih. Ar. Si/*f. Xaf. p. .\\\ 1 1*52). 

Chlurcenas monilis, Itchnh. Ar. Sy*t. Xat. p. x\ \ 11*552!: id, Touhen, 

Lp. 61,1227.124^1(1^02)/ 

CHorcenas 
fasciata, Bp. Cwtsp. Ar. ii. p. 51 (1K54J: ?V7. Compt. 
Rend.xxxix. p. IlO f 1*54), xl. p. 2Is, n. 141 fl<35); id. Coup 
tfceil Ordre Pig. pp. 24, 50, 11. 141 (l<i5t; Sriat P. Z. K 1*50, 

p. 309, 1858, p. 305; Rek/ik Tank /1, i. p. (X), t. 223. f. 1255, 
t. 255. £ 2805-06 (1802f, ii. p. 171 f 1*021; Sumicftr. Mem. Bosf. 
Soc. X. M. i. p. 562 (lHJWj: liitffts* Xafi/rakzu, i, p. 141, n. 171 
(1870) (Mexico): G. R. Gr. Hand-lid. ii. p. 235,12. 1209 (1870); 
Hein. 4* Rchnic. XomeneL Mm. Mr in, Orn. p. 220 (1KJKJ). 
Adult male. Head, sides of the neck, throat, and breast purplish 
violet; a conspicuous narrow white band or half-collar on the nape ; 
feathers of the hind neck metallic poiden green ; upper back and 
smaller upper wing-coverts brownish grey; lower back, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts, and also the median and greater wing-coverts, 
bluish grey; sides pale grey, middle of the abdomen and under 
tail-coverts white; quills brown, narrowly margined with whitish, 
also the greater upper wing-coverts have whitish outer edges; tail 
above grey at the base, dusty whitish grey at the tip, where is a 
broad band, and with a narrow black band across the middle; 
tail below paler; bill yellow with black tip; feet yellow: iris 
carmine, edged with gold. Length about 15 inches, wing 8*5, tail 
5*6, bill 0-6, tarsus 0-94. 

Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller and duller; 
the head and underparfcs are less vinous and more reddish; the 
nuchal white collar quite distinct as in the male. 

Young. Greyish brown; no nuchal white collar, and with a slight 
indication of the metallic-green feathers on the nape; no vinous 

2 . COLTOIBA. 293 
colour on the underparts, which, are dull greyish, somewhat darker 
on the crop-region. 
Eab. "Western United States, from Washington Territory and 
New Mexico south to Guatemala and Nicaragua. 

a. JUY. sk.
b7 c. <$ ad. et ad.
sk. 
dj e. S 2 ad. sk.


f. $ acl. sk.
y-p-6 5 ad. et juv.
&k. *

a. Juv. sk.
r, s. <S ad. et 5

hum. sk.
t~w. Ad. sk. et st.
x\ S ^d. sk.
y, a. <S 5 ad. sk.

a'. $ acl. sk.

b'. J ad. sk,

c',d',e'. $ $ ad-
et juv. sk.
f' g'. (S ad. et ad.
sk.
ti', i\ k'. cS 2 ad.
sk.

I', d ad. sk.

m'. Ad. sk.

ri. 2 ad- sk.

o'.p'. Ad. et juv.

sk.
q\ Ad. sk.
*•'* *'• 6 2 ad. sk.

t'. (S imm. sk.

 Vancouver Is. 
California, Aug.

 Laguna Creek, Santa CruzCity, California, June (A. 
Forrtr). 

 Nicasio, Marin Co., California, 
Sept. (L£. TV. Hensliaw). 


 Santa Fe Mts., Aug., Sept.

 {IL W. Henshaic). 

 Forks of Eio Grande, Sept.

(C. K Aithen). 
Rio Grande Paver, Col., Sept.

 (IL W. Hemkaw). 

 Mexico. 
Mexico. 
Sierra de San Luis Potosi,

Mexico, July (W. B. 
Richardson), 

 Sierra de Jerez, Zacatecas,
Mexico, Sept. (W. B. 
Richardson). 

 Tepic, Mexico, May (W. B.
Richardson), 

 Sierra Bolanos, Mexico,Feb.Mar. 
{W. B.Richardson), 
Sierra de Colima, Mexico,

 April ( W. Lloyd), 

 Sierra Nevada de Colima, 
Mexico, May-Bee. ( W. B. 
Richardson). 

 Las Vigas, Mexico, Aug. (F.

Ferrari-Perez), 
Jalapa, S. Mexico {de Oca). 
Tollman, Guatemala, Dec.

(W. B.Richardson), 
Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala

 (O.S). 
Coban, Vera Paz (0. S.) 
Matagalpa, Nicaragua, Aug.,

Sept. ( W. B. Richardson), 

 San Kafael de Norte, Nicaragua, 
March (W. B. 
Richardson). 

27. Columba vioscse* 
J. K. Lord, Esq. [P.]. 
Sabin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

 Tweeddale Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Columba fasciata viosca3, Breiost. Auk, 1888, p. 86 (Lower California) 
; Bendire, Zife-Hist N. Am. Birds, p. 127 (1892). 

« Kirmlflr to G. fasciata. *>"t with the black tail-band wanting, or 

294 
COLCMBIDX. 

only faintly indicated, the general colouring lighter and more uniform 
the vinaceous tints, especially on the head, neck, and breast, much 
fainter and more or less replaced by bluish a&h Wing 6*69 inches 
tail 5*30, tarsus 1*15, bill from feathers •GO." (Brewster.) 


Hah. Lower California. 

Two specimens, mentioned below, agree with Brewster's description, 
especially as regards the tail, which, seen from below, appears 
uniform whitish grey. 


a, b. Ad. sk. San Jo?<5 de Rancho, Lower Salvin-Godman Coll. 
California {Ahott Frazar\. 


2i. Columba crissalis. 

Chlorasnas albilinea, Later, hmc Grayi Ana. Lye. X. Y. ix. p. 135 
(Co.-ta Rica) (180*1; Cab. J.f. (/. J^XU, p. I'll (Costa Rica); 
Fra/its. J.f 0. IboU p. #70. 

Columba albilinea, Mali: iJ. Z. M. 1670, p. '217 I Verairiuti; Z* led. Ann. 
Mus-.Xac. CWa lifra, 1KH7, p. 1'JT, n.Z7U; C/<lm'p. Auk, 1892, 

p. S*ib I San Jo-e, Co-ta Rlcai. 
Columba albiliii**ata, Sclaf. A* Mal*\ Xnmenrl. Av. Xorfrop. p. 1*32, 
n. 9 (part., Wragua. Co»tu Rica); Bernard, P. Z. M. Ift7^ p. 43 
(Costa Rica). 
Similar to CalhUuntt, but the middle of the abdomen, the Tent, 

and the under tail-coverts much paler and whitish. 
Hah. Cobta Rica and Teragua. 
Br. Cabanis has rightly pointed out the difference^ between this 

species and the more southern C. alhlhtiHi^ which has the parts 
alluded to above dark grey. Most probably Mr. RIdgway, while 
describing his C. tjiMyaquiktisw, compared it with, the Central-
American bird. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Rancho Redondo, Costa Rica, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Match (J. Cormihh. 
b} c. Ad. sk. Yoican de Cartago, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{Arce). 

d. <5 ad. sk. Roquete de Chitra, Teragua Salvin-CTodman Coll. 
(Arce $. {Type of species). 
e. <J imm. sk. Chitra, Yeragua (Arce}. hsahin-Godman Coll. 
/ . 
cJ imm.sk. Southern Slope of the Volcano of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Chiriqui (Arce). 

29. Columba albilinea. 
Columba fasciata, Tsek. (me May) Faun. Per. pp. -14, 275 (1844-46). 
Columba albilinea, G. It Or. Mm. Brit fide Bp. Cousp. Av. ii. p. ol 
(1854); Mclai P. Z. M. IteCSO, p. 72 (Pallatanga); Gieh. Thes. Orn. 

i. p. 740 (1872); Hckleg. Mus. P.-B. Columba?, p. 07 (1873) 
(Mexico i);\Sclat. # Mair. P. Z. S. 1*7%, p. IfcO (Peru); Tacs. Orn. 
Per., Tables, p. 101 (1886); Mciat fy Mair. P. Z. M. 187% p. 639 
(Bolivia). 
Columba albilineata, G. It. Gr. MM. in Mus. Brit. (New Granada); id. 
List B. Brit. Mm, Columbse, p. 34 (185b*)* Mciat. 4* Sale. XomencL 

2 . COLITMBA. 
295 

Av. Keotrop. p. 132, n. 9 (part.) (1873) ; iid. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 235 
(Merida), 1879, p. 543 (Antioquia); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. 

p. 448 (1883); Berl. $ Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 311 (W. Ecuador) 
; Tacz. Orn. Per. ill. p. 232 (1886); Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 173 
(British Guiana); ? Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 37 (1889). 
Chlorcenas albilinea, 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p, 51 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1108 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 142 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 24, 56, n. 142 (1855); id. Compt. Rend. xliii. 

p. 838 (1856); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 103; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 61 
(1862), ii. p. 171; Kovit Suppl t. ii. ff. 17,18 (1862); Soasa, Mus. 
Kac. Lisb. Columbas, p. 14 (Rio Xapo) (1873). 
Chlorcenas albilineata, G. B. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 235, n. 9270 (1870); 
Hein. $ Bchnw. Nomeacl. Mm. JSein. Orn. p. 276 (part. ?) (1890) 
(Ecuador, New Granada). 

Columba denisea, 
Tacz. (nee Temm.) P. Z. S. 1874, p. 555 (Central 
Peru), 1882, p. 48 (N.E. Peru). 
Columba guayaquilensis, Bidgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1888, p. 112 
(Guayaquil!). 

Adult male. Pileum dark vinous purple: a whitish band on the 

nape; scaly feathers of the hind neck dark metallic green with 

golden gloss; back and wings of a slate-colour, with a slight olive-

greenish gloss; rump and upper tail-coverts lighter, bluish slate ; 

throat slate-grey, rest of the underparts dark purple-vinous; sides 

and under wing-coverts lead-colour; under tail-coverts lead-grey, 

with a slight vinous tinge ; quills brown-black, the outer primaries 

with narrow whitish edges ; tail above slate-grey at the base, and 

dull grey on the apical broad band; about the middle an obsolete 

blackish band ; tail paler below than above: " bill and feet yellow: 

iris ^ed with an inner whitish ring; naked skin round the eyes 

Te&'^TaczanowsM). Length about 15 inches, wing S'25, tail 5-5, 

bill 0-75, tarsus 1. 

Female. Host likely similar to the male, only duller, but not 

without the white nuchal band, as stated by Taczanowski. 

Young. Greyish brown, with a greenish cast on the upper parts; 
greyish colour of the underparts with a slight purple tinge; no white 
band on the nape below the occiput; a few metallic-green feathers 
on the hind neck. 

Hab. Columbia, British Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. 

a.b. (S ad.sk. Roraima, Brit.Guiana, Aug.,Dec. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{H. WMtely). 
c, d. 
Ad. sk. New Granada. Purchased. 
(Types of species.) 

e. S ad. sk. Santa Marta, New Granada. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/. S ad. sk. Retiro, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
gf h. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk, Ecuador {Higgins). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
k, I. Ad. sk. Raniosani, Bolivia (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. Juv. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yunga, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(C. Buckley), 
n. 
Skeleton. S. America. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
296 
C0LO£BID-E. 

30. Columba araucana* 
Columba araucana, Zes*. T'*t/. Coy. i. 2. p. 700. pi. 40 (1528): id. 
Man. d'Om. ii. p. 170 (1^2-); Wayl Bis. 1^29f p. 74:3; Zess. 
Co?npL de Buff., Oi\ vlii. p. 97 (1<SJ7?: id. op. tit. "2nd. ed. p. 298 
(163b); G\ P . Gr. Ota. B. ii. p. 471 >, n. 12 i s\ n. tmieii&.} {1644} ; 
Des 3Iurs. in Gays ffi>t. dt* Chih, I. p. 376 (1^47*; Rehab. Syn. 
At. f. 1250 (1*47): Marti. Xmtmannia. 1*53. pp. 215,221; Bibra, 
Denhclir. L Ak. Wi*^n*ch. v. 2, p. 130 llvW : M J./. 0. 1855, 

p. oO; 6r, P. 67r. ZiV B. lint. 31 H*. COIJUIKP, p. 33 (18-jtM; Cta. 
P & jElf/?/. -Eli/>.. 31<uiuu. s-Oi-n. p 2"4 i1H5H»; Pc/z. Xorarr/ Zieis.} 
Toy. p. ICte (lsioj ; St hit. P. Z. S. 1 M",7. pp. 33U. 33M ; &/«M* <S'a/i\ 
XJ/m/iH. Av. Xudr. p. 132 |1^73i; *SVtV//. ZZ^r X~/•£. J.^. bth ed. 
p.44U (1*531: 7>*V/\ Orf. O;//. Z\ p. 37 (l^J-h; Hartert Eat. 
JW/ek.y. 1HJ «l^lj; Ja/nf% Xnt:list Chi. B.y. 10,n. 10*5 (1^92). 
Culumba deni^ea, 
Temm. PL (of. 502 (lSJH; t Chili*; Z^*. Chmpl 
drBvff.. Ois. liii. p. UU (lSJ7); *7Z. <^. riV. 2nd ed. p. 1^10 f l&fojj 
Knip*& Pft'r. Pig. II. pi, 1*** <1 K3*-43J; Zfw. ZV. Zooi. 1*427 

p. 2< iM Valdiwai; frith. T?ir<*. Or//, i. p. 742 (I *72J ; Sr-hkg. 3£m. 
P.-IJ. ('nluiiiki*, p. 67 (1H73); St*w*a, 3Iit>. Xm\ Zi\b. Culumbse, 
p. 
14 (l-73j; TWr. P. Z. .V. I^L\ p. 4-. 
Columba 
fitzrovli. A7////, P. X M 1K3H, p. LI fCLilo^ 14.): Zm. 
Cum pi de lihh, OU.\m. \\. WI |1*32<: Z//. up. < 7, p. 2!»7(K38); 
Ikinrui, Zuut.Btmjl p. Ill fiMt«: P/Y/W\ P. /. *V. IM-'i, p. llo; 

<7. It. <?/*. 6V«. Z*. ii. p. 27K n. 34 t 1^44i. 
'r Colun.ba nw-ridionali^. Vtnb \tmk Kuuj\^ C.*S. EtjJ. Iiipid.% Binfa, 
p. Ill |lK4bi illlo Stjrt) in l'iiUij<min) ; Hartl. JVirifm. Arch. 
1N52, p. 114. 
C!ilur<vi»as deLis^a, Dp. C*>t^p. A v. II. p. ">1 I! ^*"41; ///. Compt. Be/id. 
\wix. p, 1108 f ls»>li, xL p. 'Jlt'>i n,143 {K)"*l; id. Covy (fmil 
Ordr. Piif. \p. 24, 7i>, n. 143 < l<^\ : lithnb. Ttmh. i. p. 01, t 223. 
f. IL W {JHii'^il. p. 171 (1*502); G. 11. dr. Hand-tutt, ii. p. 235, 

n. iii'71 |lb70i; IV/^. P. Z. *V. 1^74, p.j>"5 |C. Peru). 
C'Llcn'u-DaH araucaiia, lit in. *V Rihuir. Xunimel Mus. Mei/i. Orn. 
p. 277 fl^J)). 
^ic/«/? male. Head, throat, back. t>eapulars. breast, and abdomen 
chestnut-viuou^, with an ameth\ ^tine tinge on the breast; a whitish 
band on the nape ; &caly-like it at hers of the hind neek metallic 
bronze-green ; lower back, rump, and basal upper tail-coverts lead-
grey : longer upper tail-covert* brown-grey; under tail-coverts lead-
grey, tinged with purple or rufous; -Ring-coverts greyish brown, 
changing into lighter grey on the outer and greater ones; quills 
brown-black, with narrow whitish edge,^; under wlng-coverts and 
sides lead-grey; tail above dull grey, with a subterminal black 
band, and with the apical band dull grey* le&s than an inch broad: 
4* iris red-yellow; bill black; feet dark rose-red *" (Philippic fide 
Hartlauh) ; bill black ; feet apparently purple. Length about 16 
inches, wing 8*5, tall 5%5, bill 0-65, tarbus 1*25. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Young. Without the white band on the nape. 
Hah. Chill and Magellan Straits. 
The figure in the ' Voyage de la Coquille' does not show the 

white band on the nape, so that most probably It represents &t 
voung bird. 

2 . COLUMBA. 
a-f. Ad. et juv. sk. Central Chili. H. Berkeley James, Esq. 

g. 
5 ad. sk. Prov. Santiago, Chili Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Leybold). 
h. Ad. sk. Valdivia, Chili. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. Chili. 0. Crawley, Esq. [P.]. 
ky I Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased. 
m-p. 2 ad. Tarapaca, Chili, Sept.. H. Berkeley James, Esq. 
Oct. 
[P.]. 

31. Columba laurivora. 
Coluuiba 
laurivora, part., Webb 8? Berth. Orn. Can. p. 26, pi. 3 
(lower fig.) (1841): Knip $ Prev. Pig. ii. pi. 43 (1838-43); Bolle, 

J.f. 0.1855, p. 171, 1857, pp. 324, 329; Gieb. Thes. 0m. i. p. 745 
(part.) (1872); Godm. Ibis, 1872, p. 216; Dress. B. of Eur. vii. 
p. 31, pi. 4(50 (1875); Reid, Ms, 1887, pp. 425,426,427, 428; M.Waldo, 
Ibis, 1889, pp. 5,6, 7, 8 (Gomera); Tristr. Ibis, 1889, 
p. 18; 31-Waldo, Ibis, 1889, p. 510 (Palma); Tristr. Ibis, 1890, 
p. 72 ; 31-Waldo, Ibid. p. 435; Koenig, J.f. 0. 1890, pp. 442, 483 
(Palma); Tristr. Ibis, 1892, p. 182. 
Columba trocaz, part., G. It Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 27 (1844); id. 
ListB. Brit. 3Ius. Columbae, p. 27 (part.) (1856). 
Trocaza laurivora, part., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 45 (1854); ib. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 1104 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 127 (1855); id. Coup 
$o?il Ordre Pig. pp. 20, 58, n. 127 (1855); id. Compt. Rend. xliii. 

p. 837 (Mus. Brit.) (1850); id. Icon. Pig. pi. 69 (1857). 
Trocaza trocaz, part., G. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 233, n. 9249 (1870). 
Palumbus laurivorus, Shell, Ibis, 1883, p. 287. 
Adult male. Head and upper part of the neck slate-grey glossed 
with green, feathers of the upper mantle and underparts with vinous-
purple metallic edges • lower hack, rump, and upper tail-coverts 
plumbeous grey; under tail-coverts dark dull grey, the basal ones 
tinged with vinous ; wings brown, the outer webs of the primaries 
with narrow pale or greyish edges ; tail above dull grey, the outer 
feathers with a broad paler band; tail underneath changing gradually 
from the grey base to the light grey terminal portion: " bill 
vinous red at the base, pale rose at the tip; iris orange, with an 
outer ring red; feet lake-red " (fide Shelley). Total length about 
15-5 inches, wing S'6, tail 6-2, bill 0*8, tarsus 1*4. 

Hab. Canary Islands—Gomera and Palma. 

a. Ad. sk. Canary Islands. Wilson Coll. 
b. (S ad. sk. Gomera (II B. Tristram). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
32. Columba bollei. 
? Columba (Torcaza) buvryi ?, Bolle, J.f 0.1857, p. 329. 
Columba bollii, Godm. Ibis, 1872, p. 217 (Tenerife) j Dress. B. of Eur. 

vii. p. 29, pi. 459 (1875); Reid, Ibis, 1887, pp. 425, 426, 427; 
Pelz. 8r Lor. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 48 (1888) ; M.-Waldo, 
Ibis, 1889, pp. 6, 7, 8 (Gomera); Tristr. Ibis, 1889, p. 18 (Gran 
Canaria); iff.-Waldo, Ibis, 1889, p. 510 (Palma), 1890, p. 435, 
298 
COLUMBIAN. 

Palumbus bollii, Shell. Ibis, 1883. p. 287. 
Columba bullei, JKb*/n>. J./. 0.1600, pp. 441, 442, 488 (Teneriflfe, 
Gomera, Palma), t. viii. f. 12 (egg). 

Adult male. Slate-blue; feathers of the bind neck and sides of 
the neck scale-like, glossed with green and purple; also on the 
upper mantle glossed with purple, and with dull green lower down; 
on the sides of the neck a patch of feathers with coppery or chestnut-
reddish gloss; breast and abdomen rich Tinons; vent, flanks, and 
under tail-coverts slate-blue; quills and primary-coverts dull black ; 
tail slate-black, with a broad subterminal dark grey band: " bill 
red, darker at the tip; legs coral-red; iris straw-yellow; edge 
round the eye coral-red,f (Dresser). Total length 14*5 inches, 
wing 8% tail 6*4, bill 0-b, tarsus 1-1. 

Female. Similar to the male, but perhaps a little duller. 
Young. Much duller ; general plumage dull slate-grey; no 
metallic gloss on the neck ; vinous colour of the underparts paler. 
Hah. Canary Islands—Teneriffe, Gomera, Palma. 

a. 
(S ad. sk, Taganana, TVneriffe, March Salvin-Godman Coll. 
("F. D. Godma/t j . {Typ»* of s*p^<-i«s.) 
b,c,d. 
o* ? act- Tagaunna, TK^riii'f, March Salvin-4 fi»dman Coll. 
tk. {F, I), GtrtifiW/t). 

r. 
2 ad. &k. Ort>ta\a, THiiHriftV, April {F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
D, Godman). 
33. Columba trocaz. 
Columba trocaz, Heinekm, Brewster s Jottrn. of Hmmee* lK2ff, p. 228 
(Madeira); Jard. & tiefo. Ill Orn. 11 pi. Uh (lb&)j; G. JtL Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 470* a. 27 (part.) |1^44|; Vern. Hare. B.Z.8. 
lbol, p. 142; id. Ami. 4* Mag. N. II. xii. p. 5t> i l*%il) ; G. B. Or. 
List B. Brit. Mim. Culumke) p. 27 (part.) (1?5<>): A. Xetct. Ibis, 
ISO'S;, p. 186; Vent. Hare. Ihis, lbl>j, p. 2ijl; Godm. Ih'SjlST'2? 

p. 214; Dress. B. of Bun vii. p. &i, pi. 401 (laTo I; Iteid, Ibis, 1887, 
pp. 425, 428 (Madeira and Azores!) ; Grants Bmf lb90t p. 442; 
Komig, J.f.O. 1800, p. 442; Hartw. Orals, lbi*l/p. 167. 
Columba laurivora, part., Webb 4* Brrth. Orn. Cam. p. 26, pi. 3 
(upper figure) (1641); Gieh. Thes. Orn. i. p. 745 (part.) (1872); 
Hartw. J.f.O. 1886, j>p._ 454,455, 4&:i ^ 

Palumbus trocaza, Bp. in Hit. (Cmmp. At-, ii. p. 45,1854). 

Trocaza laurivora, part., Bp. Vomp. As. ii. p. 4t> (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 1104 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 127 (1856); id. Cmp 
dmil Ordr. Big. pp. 20, 58, n. 127 (1855). 

Trocaza bouvryi, Bp. Compt. Rendus. xli. p. i$39 (1855), xllii pp. 837, 

048 (Madeira and Morocco 1) (1856); id. Icon. Biff. pi. 70 (1857). 
Trocaza trocaz, part., G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. S&3, n. 0249 (1870). 
Trocaza bouvreyi (sic). G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 238, n. 9250 

(1870). 
Trocaza beineken, Bp. (errore), Gieh Thes. Orn. i p. 745 (1872). 
Palumbus trocaz, Shell Bis, 1883, p. 286. 

Adult male. General plumage slate-blue, a little lighter on tbe 
bead, fore neck, lower back, ramp, and underparts; feathers of the 
hind neck and sides of the neck scale-like, tipped with silvery grey; 

2 . CGLUMBA. 
299 
hind neck glossed with green, upper mantle with green and purple ; 
breast vinous red; primary-coverts and quills slate-black, the 
primaries with narrow light grey edges ; tail dark slate-plumbeous, 
crossed beyond the middle by a broad grey band: "iris strawcolour 
; legs coral-red; bill and naked space round the eye coral-
red, the former tipped with blackish " (fide Dresser), Total length 
about 16 inches, wing 9*2, tail 6-8, bill 0*8, tarsus 1-38. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Young. Much duller, with no silvery-grey tips to the feathers of 
the neck, and with a slight dull tinge of vinous on the breast. 
Hah. Madeira. 

aa et

a-g. 6 2- Madeira, June (F. D. 6'.). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
imm. sk. 
h-l. d $ ad. et Seisal, Madeira, April. W. R. Ogilvie Grant, 
imm. sk. Esq. [0.]. 

m. 
6 ad. sk. St. Anna, Madeira, April. W. R. Ogilvie Grant, 
Esq. [0.]. 
34. Columba palumbus. 
Palumbus torquatus, Mdr. Orn. ii. p. 484 (1599-1603), 
Palumbns, Brits. Orn. i. p. b9 (1760). 
Columba palumbus, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 282, n. 19 (1766); Gm. 8. N. 

I 2, p. 7715, n. 19 (178h); Lath. Iml Orn. ii. p. 601, n. 32 (1790): 
Bonn. Erie. Meth. i. p. 232 (1790),-Knip $* Temm. Pig. i. fam. 
*»ecoiide7 pi 2 (1808 1813); Temm. Hist. Kat. Fig. et Gallin. i. 
pp. 79, 444 (1813); id. Man. cTOrn. p. 270 (1815); Mlk. Orn. 
tiuec. p. 291 (1817); VieilL X D. xxvi. p. 360 (1818); Steph Gen. 
ZooL xi. p. 1'2 (1819); Temm. Man. d'Orn. ii. p. 444 (1820); 
Stepk. Gm. ZooL xiv. p. 280 (1820); JDesm. 2T. D. xl. p. 312 
(1820); WagL SysL A v. Columba, sp. 45 (1827); Werner, Atlas, 
Pigeoyis, pi. 1 (1827); Eaup, NatilrL 8yst. p. 107 (1829); Savi, 
Om. Tosc. ii. p. 1-54 (1829); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 468 (1831); 
Kaum. Vog. Beufsckl. vi. p. 168, t. 149 (1833); Selby, Nat. Libr., 
Pigeons, p. 13, vignette titlepage (1835); Sfrickl. P. Z. S. 1836, 

p. 100 (Smyrna); Gould, B. of Bur. pi. 243 (1837); Keys. * 
Bias. WirbeltL Eur. pp. Ixii, 195 (1840); G. M. Gr. Gm. B. ii. 
p. 470, n. 2 (1844); Maril. SysL Verz. p. 98 (1844) ; Blyth, J. A. 
8. B. xiv. p. 865 (part.) (1845); id. Ann. $ Mag. K E. xix. 
p. 106 (part.) (1847); Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbaria^ ff. 1241-42 
(1847); Fern. Mare. P. Z. S.1851, p. 142 (Madeira) ; Schley. Yog. 
Nederl pi. 183 (1854); G. JR. Gr. List B. Brit. Mtis. Colunibse, 
p. 26 (1856); Stmdev. Svemka Foglarna,$. 166, pi 31. f. 2 (1856); 
8ah. Ibis, 1859, p. 318 (E. Atlas); Tristr. Ibis, 1860, p. 152 
(Algeria); Powys, Ibis, 1860, p. 236; Parker, P. Z. S. 1863, 
p. 510; Tristr. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 448 (Palestine); Wright, Ibis, 
1864, p. 137 ; More, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 140; ? Be Filippi, Yiagg. in 
Pers. p. 350 (Ghilan) (1865); Godman, Ibis, 1866, pp. 99, 102 
(Azores); DegL $ Gerbe, Orn. Eurof. ii. p. 6 (1867); Huxley, 
P. Z. S. 1867, p 434, fig. of the skull; Drake, Ibis, 1867, p. 428 
(Morocco); Tristr. Ibis, 1868, p. 209 (Palestine); Smith, Ibis, 
1868, p. 449; Elm. $ BucH. Ibis, 1870, p. 200; Tacz. J.f. 0.1870, 
p. 51 (Constantine); Saund. Ibis, 1871, p. 222 ; Gurney, Ibis, 1871, 
p. 294 (Algeria); Fritsch, Yog. Eur. taf. 29. f. 3 (1871); Godman, 
Ibis, 1872, p. 216 (Madeira); Salmd. Faun, d'ltal, Uceelli, p. 177 
COLU3IBID-E. 

(1872); Gieh. Th*s. Orn. i. p. 748 (1&72); AkL 4* II. Brown. Ibis, 
1873, p. 66; Schley. Mies. P.-B., Columbia p. 00 \lb7Si; Bntdze* 
Ibis, 1873, p. S3o; Cordeaui\ Ibi*, 1*75. p. 1*4 fllelLrolavIt; 
D^z/ <$• J2". ^W72, IM?? 1^75, p. 41th frttllir. P. Z. S. 1^75, 

p. 489; i>%, Oniith. Sir. of Gibralt. p. 1;J2 (Morocco f 11^7-3); 
B. Wharton, Ibis, 1876, p. 26 (Corsica) : Sckal J. f. 0. 1870, 
p. 18(5; i?tof. ^oo/. £ Gtol of Ea»t. Pers. p. L>*tf) (l>70j: 
p. 25; *bcM. 2/^ r<?/'?. -4>*. &thfed. p. 440 tl-^i ; f / iVr. J 
cy i-Yor. of Palest, p. 119 (1&84); Itctdda OnY-1 anr. p. :j2' 
(1884); JVMteh. Ibis, 1*85, p. 41 (Corsica!; I)U**a. ibid, p. H4 
< St. Kilda) ; itaV, aAzV?. p. 2:31; J/^rfzr. Jl/ . 0. 1-Hl p. 4sj 
(Madeira); 7V«Y. Ibis, lesb7, p. 87fc: Sulrad. El*tin* Uec. ltal. 
p. 191 (1887); X///: Ifo*, 18*9, p. SS'2 fCvpru-; CeVir/V. *7w7/. 
p. 550; TW&r. CatX'olh B. p. ;> < 1**10: Emuy Ihi\ l*i«l, p. 7:3; 
Saitnd. Ibis, 1891, p. 1&5 ; Hariert* AV. Yuyhamud. p. 1*5 
(1891); Sar/zo. Ornh, IbOL p. 102 |Ma<le.ra». 
Pigeon Harder, D'AuU-nt. PL Ltd. olO ; Buff'. I/tV. Xfd. Oi*. ii. 

p. 5^1,124(1771). 
Itinsr Pigeon, Lath. Sy/i. ii. 2, p. C>\}5 (17*5*1; ;V. Nv/// i. p. 1!^ 
(17*7). 
Columba pal timber Pall. Zoogr. llo^o-A*. i. i>. 50:) 11^11 i. 
Columba arborea, Buff. (:}7 Pall. op. cit., in the -\n, *»t <'. | alumbvs. 
Columba torquata, Leach, M/tf. CW. 31. & B, Brit. Mtt*. p. 20 I l*10j: 

Brehm, Yog. Devtschl. p. 4*s (1*31j. 
Columba pinetorum, Brehm, Tog. Dexti^hh p. 4** f 1 *01 . 
Columba palunibaria, Kumer, hkftndia. Futjlar, p. Iti |1*3 4*ty. 
Palumbus torquatus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mitt. A. S. B. p. 2#$, n. I iJ.'J 

(part.) (1849); Bp. Con^p. Ai\ ii. p. 41 sl*54t; id. (%mpi. Rmd, 

xxxix. p. 1103 (1854), x i ^'I\^, n. lltf fl*55t; i>/, OW/J f/W/ 
OrfV. Jft/. pp. 19, 50, n. 11# (1&55); id. Cumpt. Until. xlilL p. Si7 
(Algeria) (1850); id. lam. Pig. pi. 57 lutr.j tl*57l; Ij*he%E pi. 
Se. Alger, ii. p. 107 (1**57/; Itthnh. Tmd^/i, i. p. 50, t. 220. 
ff. 1241-42 (1802), ii. p. 107 (part.) (lHi2i; Gtmld. IL uf (trait 
Brit. iv. pi. 1 (pt. sir.) (Ifc08j; Bttt. Tlr. L^mhnrdm^ t. H 
(1871); Sousa, JIus. Xac. LLsb. ColtiiiikeT p. 12 »I*7**)j; /A*////. 
Co?2,s/;. ^4r. Jwzp. Boss. fasc. i. p. 5 (lb^4); -ff«rf. 4" H<kfattt\ Xt*mmrL 
Mm. Hein. Orn. p. 275 (1690). 
Palumbus 
excel&us, Bp. CompL Bead, xlili. pp. ^30, !«4H fX.W, 
Africa) (1856): id. Cat. Parziul p. 10' {Al^rk !j (I^JOI; ZfW</», 
&_/;/. 6fc. Alg. ii. p. 109 (Ib57); Rvhnh. Tankm, I, p. 51 (1^021; 

G. B. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 283, n. 924d (X.E. Afi ica!, t*n^rfi 111 *:70). 
Palumbus torquatus, «. excelsus, Z?p. C i?^//rl xlili. p. *M*> (1^50). 
Palumbus torquatus, Tar. (3. aljrira, i?w. /fw*. Pw. text of T»L 57 
(Algeria) (1857). 
Columba trocaz, Morel, (nee Heinek.) Eisf. Xat Aqor. p. 84 (1*00). 
Columba excelsa, Tn'st 26£s, 1800, p. 152. 
Palumbus palumbus, G. P. Gi\ Hand-list, ii. p. 233. n. 0248 (18701; 

Shell Ibis, 1883, p. 285. 

.icfaZ* ?naZe. Head and upper part of the neck bluish grey ; sides 
and back of the neck glossed with green ; on the lower part of the 
neck, on each side, a broad white patch; the base of the neck behind 
and on the sides glossed with pnrple; back, scapulars, and the 

2 . C0LTJ1IBA. 
301 
upper vring-eoverts next to the back greyish, brown; lower back, 

rump, and upper 
tail-coverts lead-grey; lower part o! the fore 

neck and breast vinous purple, gradually fading into the pale grey 

of the sides, abdomen, and under tail-coverts; the anterior upper 

wing-coverts white, forming a white band along the edge of the 

wing ; wingler and primary-coverts blackish; 
quills brown, the 

primaries edged with white on the outer web ; under wing-coverts 

lead-grey; tail above grey at the base, blackish 
at the tip, below 

dark gre}, paler 
at the ba-e, and with a broad light grey band in 

the middle: bill orange-red at the base, yellow 
towards the tip; 

membrane covering the nostrils almost white ; irides straw-yellow; 

tar&i and feet red. Length about 17 inches, wing 10, tail 5*75, 

bill 0*74. tardus 1*1. 

Female. A little smaller and somewhat duller in 
colouring than 

the male. 

Yoifflf?. Duller and paler in coloration than the male, and it lacks 

the white patches on the bide* of the neck: bill dull red at the 

base, gre\ ish toward-* the tip. 

Hah. Western Pala»arciic Region, as far east as Xorthera 

Persia. It lives also in the Azores and in Madeira. 

a -d. r$ 2 ad, et Gr«*at Britain. Gould Coll. 
pull. *k. 


e. Ad. at. "albino". 
fhvat Britain. Mr. Day "P.j. 
f, th Ad. *k. Scotland. Tweedclale Coll. 
V Ad. hk. Ab#i\iif\ Scotland. Sharp* Coll. 

i. Juv. ^k. 
Yt^tVr, Feb. Tweedd Je Coll. 
k. 
Ad. st. Leicestershire, Theodore Walker, 
Esq. [P.]. 
l-o. d 2 ad. et Norfolk, June. Lord VTalsingham 
pull. st. 
[p.]. 
Park Hatch, Surrey, Jan. (F. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 

p. 
Ad. sk. D. Godman). 
Cambridgeshire. J. Baker, Esq. [P.]. 
q3 r, *. Ad. et pull 
Maidenhead. Sharpe Coll. 
t Ad. «k. Cookham (W. Briggs). Tweeddale Coll. 
wt v. <$ ad. sk. Cookham, March (JR. B. Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
ir. (S ad. sk. Sharpe), 

Avington, May, Aug. ({?. Shelley Coll. 

JE/8.). 

z. 5 ad. sk. Avington, May. Sharpe Coll. 
a'. Ad. sk. Colgate, April (22. Agate). Sharpe Coll. 
V. Ad. sk. Wiltshire. Col. Montagu Coll. 
c\ Ad. sk. S i Bride's, S. Wales, April Hon. W. Edwardes 
rp.i 
d'. Ad. sk. Sweden. GoWColl. 
e'. $ imm.sk. Holland, Oct. (C.Dack). Seebohrn Coll. 
f,g\ <$% ad.sk. Mesopotamia (Commander India Museum [P.], 

Jones). 
h(
f i\ Ad. sk. Baghdad. Kenneth Loftus, Esq. 
[p.]. 
&'. Skeleton. Darwin Coll. 

V. Skull. 
S. Gennanv. Br. Gunther's Coll. 
302 
COLITMBTILE. 

35. Columba casiotis. 
Coluraba 
palumbus, part., Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 800 (N.W. 
Himalaya, Simla, Alpine Punjab) (1844); id. Ann. $ Mag. K. II. 

xix. p. 106 (1847); Adams (nee Linn.), B.Z.S. 1859," "p. 187 
(Oashmere and Ladakli). 
Palumbus torquatus, var., Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B p 93*5 
(1849) ; Adams (nee auet), P. Z. S. 1858, p. 497 (Himalaya and 
Punjab); Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 167 (part.) (1862). 

Palumbus casiotis, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 42 (1849); id. Compf. Rend 

xxxix. p. 1103 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 114 (1850); id. Coup d'ad'l 
Ordre Big. pp. 19, 30, 11. 114 (1855) ; id. Compt. Rend, xliii 
J20 

Cock $ Marsh. Str. Feath. i. p. 358 (1873); Hume, Kests & Bags 

iii. p. 497 (1875); Dresser, Ibis, 187G, p. 320; Hume, Str. Feath 
viii. p. 109 (1879); Wardl Bams. Ibis, 1879, p. 448 (Afghanistan) • 
Marsh. Ibis, 1884, p. 421 (Chamba); Boyd. Consp. Av. Imp. Boss 
fasc. i. p. 6 (1884). 
Columba 
casiotis, G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columba p 90 
(Nepal)S}^)^TytlerL Ibis, 1868, p. 202j Gieb. Thes. OrnA. 

p. 
(1882); Bleske, Mem. Ac. Betersb. (7) xxxvi. 11. 3, p. 45 (1888) • 
St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 173; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 37 (1889). 
Columba palumbus himalayana, Schleg. Mus. B.-B. Cohimbae. p. 6Q 
(1893). 
Columba pnlchricollis, Severtz. (nee Gould) Tarkest. Jevotn. p. 68 
(1873) ; id. J.f. 0.1873, pp. 346, 382 (Turkestan). 
Palumbus pulchricollis, 8evertz. (nee Gould) J.f 0.1875, p. 180. 

Similar to C. palumbus, from which it differs in having the light 

patches on the sides of the neck of a fulvous or clayey cream


colour. 

Hal. From Thian-shan and Kouldja, through Turkestan, to KW. 
Himalaya, Cashmere, Punjab, and S.E. Persia. 

a. S ad. sk. Thian-shan, Aug. (Severtzof). Tweeddale Coll. 
b. 5 ad. sk. Lepsa, Turkestan, May. Dr. Otto Finsch 
e,d. Ad. sk. Bharowal (Griffiths).
[0.]. 
India Museum [P.]. 
e. $ ad. sk. Kojuk, Afghanistan, April. Col. Swinhoe [P.]. 
/. (S ad. sk. Kandahar, March (Sir O. St. Hume Coll. 
John). 
g. 5 ad. sk. Bian Kheyl, April (22. G. Tweeddale Coll. 
W. B.). 
h. <3 ad. sk.
%. Ad. sk. 
Quetta, May. 
Scinde (Lieut. Burgess). 
Col. Swinhoe [P.]Gould 
Coll. 
k. S ad. sk.
I ^juv.sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Agrore, May. 
GilgitjOct. 
Cashmere, Aug. 
Hume Coll. 
J. Biddulph, Esq. 
[C.]. 
Hume Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. N,W. Himalayas. Capt. Stackhouse 
Pinwill [P.]. 

2 . COLUMBA. 
30:* 
o-s. Ad. sk.
t cS ad. sk.
u. Ad. bk. 
Koteghur, March, April. 
Simla, Dec. (W. Davison), 
Busbahtr, Feb. 
Ilumo Coll, 
Hume Coll. 
Ilumo Coll. 
t\ Ad. sk. Kumaon, July (#. F. L. MarIlumo 
Coll. 
w. Ad. sk. Near Almorali, Nov. Hume Coll. 
a\ Ad. sk, Naini Tal, Nov. Hume Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. II. Hodgson, Esq. 
[?•]• 

36. Columba torringtonlse. 
Palumbus elphinstonii,var., Blyth, J. A. S. B. xx. p. 178 (1851). 

Palumbus tomngtonii, Kelaart, Pr. Faun. Zeyl p. 107 (1852) • Bp. 
Co?isp. Av. ii. p. 42 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1103 
(1854), xl. p. 218, n. 117 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pig. pp. 20, 
56, n. 117 (1855); id. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 837 (1856); Rchnb. 
Tauben, i. p. 52 (1862); Jerd. B. Ind. iii. p. 466 (1864) j Blyth, 
Ibis, 1867, p. 306; G. R Gr. Rand-list, ii. p. 233, n. 9247 (1870) ; 
Hume, Nests $ Eggs, iii. p. 499 (1875): id. Str. F.yii. p. 424 
(1878), viii. p. 109 (1879). 

Carpopliaga 
(Palumbus) tomngtonii, Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 130 
(1852). 
Oarpophaga torringtonii; Layard, Ann. & Mag. N. H. xiv. p. 59 
(1854). 
Columba tomngtonii, G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, p. 27 
(1856); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 751 (1872); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 

p. 38 (1889). 
Palumbus torringtoniae, Holdsiv. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 694; Legge, Ibis, 
1874, p. 25; id. Birds of Ceyl. p. 693, pi. 30 (ad. and young) 
(1880). 

Lepidoenas torringtoni, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbae, p. 71 (1873). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and underpays ashy vinous, with 
metallic-purple reflections, brighter on the upper mantle and crop-
region, and more or less green on the lower neck; the upper mantle 
shows a cupreous hue; nuchal patch black, with the tips of the 
feathers white; throat grey ; back, rump, upper wing-coverts, and 
wings slate-grey, the feathers of the back, rump, and scapulars with 
slight green or purple reflections on the edges; primaries dull 
brown, with paler outer edges ; under wing-coverts slate-grey; tail 
slate-black: " iris pale red; orbital skin pink; bill, basal half 
plumbeous, the apical or corneous portion bluish; tarsus in front 
and top of the toes red, posterior tarsus and sides of toes, with the 
soles, paler; claws fleshy white" (Legge). Total length 13*5 to 
14-3 inches, wing 7*7 to 8, bill 0-75, tarsus 0*92. 

Female. Similar to the male, but head, chest, and under surface 
more ruddy than in the male, and the cupreous hue of the lower 
hind neck deeper; under tail-coverts and flanks redder. 

Young, " Upper surface ashy plumbeous; forehead and face 
slightly ruddy ; neck-patch not developed, the feathers of the 
nuchal collar* being blackish, with ashy-whitish tips, not pure 
white; the metallic hue of hind neck faintly developed; chest 
ruddy plumbeous ; the under surface vinaceous slaty, washed with 

304 
COLUUBID-E. 

fulvous-brown on the breast. Some examples have the \ung


coverts edged with rusty, and the chin and gorge more albescent 

than in the adult." (Legye.) 

Hob. Ceylon. 

a. 
Ad.sk. Ceylon. Dr. Kelaart T?r. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Ceylou. 
Cumino- Coll. 
c. d, e. S ad. et Ceylon (H. Xerill). Tweeddale Coll. 
juv. sk. 
f,'g- d 2 a(*- sk. Ceylon, Dec. {$. Chapman). T\\t*ddale Cull. 

h. Ad. sk. Cejlon (A. Ttliyte). 1\\ enl late C< 11. 
i, k, <$ ad. sk. Ceylon {A. Whyte). Hume Coll. 
/. Jad. bk. PaUabadalla, Ceylon, Aug. Seebuhm Cull. 
(W. V. L*>gge). 
m. 
<$ ad. sk. PaJlabadalla, Cevlon, Ausr. W. V. Leggv*, E*q. 
~C.~. 
n. Ad. sk. Kandyt Ceylon (H. Whyte). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
37. Columba elphinstonei. 
Ptilinopus 
elphinstonii, Sykes, P. Z. & l*vfc>, p. 140 fXilprhiri**); 
Less, Compt. de Bvff., Oh. Tiii. p. 13SI flH37); id. op. eif. 2nd M. 

p. 279 (lbS^); Jerd. Madr. Jour. xIL p. U, IL LK3 UMOf. 
Columba elphinstonii, Blijth* J. A. # B. xiv. p. *00 {I*s15); ii. Ann. 
4- Mag. X. Hht. xix. "p. 100 (1M7) ; MritM. ibid. CnoUt; Jerd, 
Illustr. Bid. Orn. pi. 4^ < 1-47}; ?miW, Z<»d. Typ. pi. 51) 0H4i>»; 
Meknb. Syn. Av. Xovit. Columbaria*, f. 25s0 (1*51): G. li. (fr. 
List B. Brit Mm. Columbffi, p. 20 (1850); Gkh. Th*>%. Orn. i. 

p. 742 (1872); Sail). Oat B. titriekl Coll. p. 343 {18*52}. 
Carpophaga elphinstoni, fr. J?. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 400, n. 27 f 1844). 
Palumbus elphinstonei, Blyth, Cat. B. Mas, A. S. B. p. 23;), n. 1415 
(1849); Gould, B. of As. vi. pi. 57 (pt vi. 1*57); i?/>. £&//*/). -4». 

ii. n. 42 (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1103 (1854), xl. p. 21H, 
ii. 110 (1855); id. Coup cT&il Ordre Pig. pp. 20, 56 n. 110 (1K>J) ; 
«U Compt. Rendus, xliii. p. b37 (Ia5f5); Mcktib. Tmthen^. 51, t. 222. 
£ 2580 (1862); /«•<?. B. of Bid. iii. p. 405 (lc64|: G. It Gr. 
Sandrlist} ii. p. 233, n. 9246 (1870); Hume, Nests 4* Bygsf iii. 
p. 498 (1875) ; id. StnF. viii. p. 109 (187i* j . 
Dendrotreron elphinstonii, ItcJinb. &yst. Av. Sat. p. xxv (1852). 
Lepidoenas elphinstonii, Sekieg. Mm. P.-B. Columbia, p. 70 (lfc73). 
Adult male. Head grey; nuchal patch Mack, with small white 
and grey tips ; lower hind neck reddish grey, with green and purple 
reflections; interscapular region and rest of the upper parts ruddy 
brown, with slight purple tinge, and becoming dark ashy on the 
rump and upper tail-coverts; throat whitish grey ; rest of the 
underparts grey, with a slight metallic-green lustre on the crop-
region, and slightly tinged with purple on the sides; flanks dark 
grey; quills brown; under surface of the wing dark grey ; tail dull 
black: " bill and orbits deep red, the former with a yellow tip; 
irides ochre-yellow; legs and feet dull red?? (Jerdon). Total length 
15 to 16 inches, wing 8, tail 6, bill 0*75, tarsus 1. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

2 . COLUMBA. 
Young, Much 
chestnut edges. 
Hob. Western 

a, b. 2 ad. et <$ 
juv. sk. 
c, <£ <£ ? ad. sk. 

*>. § ad. sk. 

/. J ad. sk. 

g,h,i. 6 ? ad. 
sk. 

S $ a(^-s ^

k-o.

p. $ ad. sk. 
ad sk

g-w. s 2-


r, w. d ? &<*• s^


.r, y, s. £ $ ad. 
sk. 
«'. Ad. sk. 

V. Ad. sk. 
<•'. Ad. sk. 
d'. Ad. sk. 
e'. Ad. sk. 
duller, the upper wing-coverts have narrow rufous-
Ghats, Beccan, and Xilghiria. 

Mynall, S. Travancore, Sept., 
Oct. [F. Bourdillon). 
Palani Hills, June (8. B. 
Fairhank). 
Palani Hills, June (& B. 
Fairhank). 

Ivoondahs, Nilghiris, March. 

Coonoor, Oct., Nov. (W. 
Davison). 

Ootacamund, March, May 

(W. Davison). 
Coffee Estate, Nilghiris, July 
(Miss Cochburn). 
Neddivuttum, March (W. 
Davison). 

Kotagherry, June (J. Darling 
fy Miss Cockbum). 
Coorg, April ( W. Davison). 

Deccan (Sykes). 

Madras. 
Madras. 
Madras (JR. G. W. JR.). 
India. 


Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

W. Davison, Esq. 
OP.]. 

Salvin-Godman Coll, 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
India Museum [P.l. 
(Type of species.) 
India Museum [P.]. 
Mr. Jerdon [P. ]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 

38. Columba, pulchricollis. 
Columba ? pulchricollis, llodqs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85, n. 737 
(1844); Gray, List Gallinm Brit. Mus. p. 9 (1844); Blyth, J. A. 
& B. xiv. p. 866 (1845); id. Ann. # Mag. N. HJ. xix. p. 106 
(1847) ; G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. App.p. 23 (1849); id. List B. Brit. 
Mm. Columba, p. 26 (18-56); id. Cat. Hodgs. Coll. Br. Mus. 2nd 
ed. p. 67 (1863). 

Oolumba 
elphinstonii, G. R. Gr. (nee Sykes) Cat Hodgs. Coll. Br. 
Mus. p. 122 (1846). 
Palumbus pulchricollis, Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 233, n. 1414 
(1849); Gould, B. of As. vi. pi. 58 (pt. vi., 1854); Bp. Consp. Av. 

ii. p. 42 (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1103 (1854), xl. p. 218, 
n. 115 (1855); id. Coup oVmil Ordre Pig. pp. 20, m, n. 115 
(1855); JRchnb. Tauben, i. p. 51, ii. p. 167, Novit Suppl. t. ii. 
ff. 11, 12 (ex Gould) (1862); Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 465 (1864); 
Swinh. Ibis, 1866, pp. 313, 396; G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 233, 
n. 9245 (1870); Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 347; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. 
p. 749 (1872); David $ Oust Ois. Chine, p. 382 (1877); Hume, 
Str. Feath. viii. p. 109 (1879). 
Lepidosnas pulchricollis, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columba, p. 71 (1873). 

Adult. Head and cheeks delicate grey; middle of the throat 
white; on the lower part of the neck a conspicuous collar of 
feathers, black at the base, and largely tipped with glossy buff, 

VOL. xxi. 
x 

306 
cuirMBin^, 

fading into cream-white at tiie extremity: upper surface of the 
"body, breast, and wing-coverts lead ashy; breast, sides of the neck, 
and upper back brightly glossed with changeable green and purple; 
abdomen grey: Tent and under tail-coverts greyish bnfry white; 
quills and reetrices dark slate-black: u irides yellow; bill red at 
the base, yellow at the tip; feet crimson r {Gould). Total length 
13-5 to 14 inches, wing 8*5 to 9. tail 4*75 to 5, bill 0*74. tarsus 1. 

Bab. Eastern Himalayas. Xepal, Sikhim, and the Island of 

Formosa. 

a-d. Ad. et jnv. Xepal. B. H. Ilnd^otu ) 

sk. 
£-q. ~P.\ ((Type* of 

e.fg. Ad.sk. Xepal (Hodgson\. India .Museum f species.) 

"P.". \ 

h,ifh Ad.sk. Xepal. lOi:Hudson. Eaq. ~C.\ 

/. Ad. sk. Xepal. Twe^ddale Poll. 

m}n. cf 2 ad. sk. Native Sikhim. Sept. Hume Coil. 

(L. MawMli). 
o v. 
cf ad. et ad. Sikhim, Feb., March, Hume Cull. 
&juv. >k. June, Juh, Oct, {L. 
Maiidelli). 
\c-u\ 
Ad. et iiiiin. Darjeeliujr. IlltillP Coll. 
sk. 

V. Juv. sk. Barjeelinsr. Tw^ddaU1 Cull 
c\ Ad. sk. Formosa, Feb. (It Twwnldule Coll, 
Sidnkoej. 
d'. Ad. sk. Formosa, April {R. 

Strinhoe). IInine Coll. 

e. Ad. sk. Formosa. 
/ . Ad. sk. Formosa (R. Sinn-
hoe). S><ebobm Coll. 

39, Colnmba pmiicea. 

Alsocomuspuniceus, Tick.in BL J. A. S. B.xi.p. 461 i 1342); BIt/th, 
Cat B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 2*13, a. 1411 (1^49); ZayanL Ami. # 
Mag. A: H adv. p. 58 (1854); Hartl J.f.O. 1>34, p. 138 ; #/>. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 48 (18541; a?/. Compt Rend, xxxix. p. 1104 
(1854), xl. p. 218, n. 119 (kwj; id. Coup ilail Ordre Big. 
pp. 20, 56, n. 119 (1855); Relmb. Tavhen, i. p. 52 (lte62); /m l 

B. oflnd. iii. p. 469 (1864); Bear. Ibh, 1868, p. 373; 0. 5. <7r. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 232, n. 9229 (1H70J ; 2&/<&tr. P. Z. S.1872, p. 468; 
5a//, iSSffr. Jfea&. ii. p. 424 (1874); Blvth 4' Waid. B. of Bwrm. 
p. 145 (1875); Armstr. Sir. Featk *iv. p. 337 (lb70); FHwytf. 
jfaww. i&&, 1877, p. 407; Hume 4* Item. 6?r. JFtf<rfA. vi. p. 418 
(1878) j jfcrf/, Sir. Featk vii. p. 224 (1878); Hume, Sir. Featk 
viii. pp. 109,157 (Tonka) (1879); Dates, ibid. f. 167 (nest and 
egps} (1879); Bingh. ibid. p. 196 (1879); JLegqe, IL of Cm/L p. 696 
(1880); Gates, Sfr. FeatA. x. p. 235 (1882); id. B. ofBrii. Bum. 
ii. p. 289 (1883); Hume, Str. Featk. xi. p. 296 (18%). 
Columba punicea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. 2, pp. 867,878 {1845;; id. 
Ann.® Mag. N. H. xix. p. 107 (1847); Dunn7JP.Z.S. 1863, 

p. 371; <3&J. Thes. Oni. i. p. 749 (1872): 8ah\ Cat. B. Strict*. 
Coll. p. 543 (1882). 
Carpopkaga punicea, G. R. Or. Gen. B. Iii. App. p. 23 (1849). 

2. COLUMBl. 
307 
Carpophaga puniceus, G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, p. 23 
(1856). 
Alsocomus phoenieeus (sic), Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 140. 

Adult male. Upper part of the head to the occiput French grey, 
sharply defined behind; cheeks, throat, and neck reddish vinous, 
green metallic on the edges of the hind neck-feathers; back and 
wing-coverts cinnamon, changing into slate-grey on the rump and 
upper tail-coverts, and with purple-metallic lustre on the edges of 
the feathers ; the smaller upper wing-coverts very slightly edged 
with metallic; underparts vinous cinnamon, with a purple tinge, 
slightly greenish on the crop-region; under taii-coverts slate-grey, 
the basal ones with a vinous or purplish tinge; quills, spurious 
wing and primary-coverts brown slate-colour, the primaries grejish 
on the outer webs; under wing-coverts vinous cinnamon; tail slate-
black : " legs and feet pale purplish or lake-pink; horny part of the 
bill bluish white; rest of the bill and gape lake-pink; irides deep 
orange or pale yellow; eyelids bright red; orbital skin purplish 
pink" {Hume). Total length about 15 inches, wing 8-2, tail &5, 
bill 0-68, tarsus 1. 

Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller and duller; 
the upper part of the head darker grey, with a lilac tinge. 

Young. Rufous brown, with no metallic lustre; the head rufous 
brown, like the back. 

Hah. Eastern part of Central India, Assam, Arrakan, Tenasserim, 
and Malay Peninsula, near Tonka; apparently migratory in Ceylon, 
but this locality requires confirmation. 

a. Ad. sk. Central India. India Museum [P.l. 
b. Pull. sk. 
India Museum [P.j. 
c. d, e. (S 5 ad.sk. Mamibkoom, Dec, Jan. (B. Tweeddale Coll. 
C. Beavan). 
/ . 
2 imm. sk. Maunbhoom, Dec. (S. B. Hume Coll. 
Fairbank). 

g. £ ad. sk. Caehar, May (J. Bifflis). Hume Coll. 
k. $ ad. sk. Cachar, April (J. Inglis). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
it k. <$ ad. et ad. Suddya, Assam, April Hume Coll. 
sk. (J. Coehbum). 
l-p< 6 ? ad. sk. Dibrughur, April, July Hume Coll. 

(J. M. Cripps). 
q. J ad. sk. Sifura, Assam, Dec. Hume Coll. 
r. 
<5 ad. sk. Dollah, Assam, April Hume Coll. 
(J". Cockburn). 
s. 
<$ ad. sk. Sackwak, April (J. Coch-Hume Coll. 
bwn). 
t-z. <s $ ad. et Tonghoo, Aug. (JR. G. Tweeddale Coll. 
juv. sir. W. JR.). 
a'. 
(S ad. sk. Lower Pegu, Jan. E. W. Oates, Esq. 
[0.]. 

b'. $ ad. sk. China-Ba-keer, Dec. (J. Hume Coll. 

Armstrong). 
cr. Ad. sk. Siam, Aug. M. St. Pierre [P.]. 
d\ Ad. sk. Tenasserim. J. D. C. Packman. 

Pahpoon, Jan. (W. Davison), Hume Coll. 
x2 

30S COT/CM BID .£. 
f. $ ad. sk,
cf. 2 ad. sk.
h' i k'. 6 ad. sk, 
Thatone Creek. Dee.
Davison), 
Amherst, 11 archDavison), 
Salang, Feb., March 
{7f* 
{IT. 
(J. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
i\ g juT.sk.
Darling). 
Usheetherrpone,
Davison). 
XOT. f W. Hume Coll. 

40. Columba palnml30ides. 
p. 42 (1889). 
Ianthcenas paluniboides, Wald, lbi\ lS7-jy p. 31o, pi. xiii.; Tweedd. 
Orn. Works, p. 247 (18^1). 
Fruit Pigeon from Nicobars, Hume, Str. Ft-rrth. II. p. 206 (1574), 

iii. p. 327 (1873). 
Ianthcenas nicobarica, 
Wr/ld. Ann. $• Mag. X II. (i\ xiv. p. 157 
(lb74); ILumet Mr. Ftatk, ii. p. 468 (1^74), Hi. p. ;327 (187o). 

Adult malt. Head and neck all round a pale French grey, lighter 
on the head and throat; lower hind neck -with mme greenish 
reflections; feathers of the mantle shining mebillie green at the tip ; 
rest of the upper parts dusky slate-colour, each feather with a more 
or less narrow terminal or subterminal hand, exhibiting in certain 
lights pale green or purplish-lilac metallic reflections ; crop-region 
and abdomen bluish slate-grey, becoming darker or slate-grey on 
the under wing- and tail-coverts ; quills and tail-feathers blackish 
slate-colour: "back and sides of tart&i and toes Ten* pale leshy 
pink; front of tarsi bright red ; soles -whitish : claws white; upper 
mandible and lower mandible to point of gonys pale whitish yellow; 
rest of lower mandible and cere lake-red : irides orange towards 
pupil, changing towards exterior margin to light red ; naked orbital 
region pinkish lake" (Hamt). Total length about 15 inches, wing 
9*5, tail 6*5, bill U-9, tarsus 1*1. 

Female. Similar to the male. 


Young. Duller and not so light on the head and neck. 
Mcobar birds cannot be distinguished from the Andaman ones. 
Bab. Andamans and 2ucobars. 


a-e. <S J ad. et Port Blair, March ( JF. Davison). Hume Coll. 
imm. sk. 

f. $ ad. sk. S. Andamans. Jan, (JR.. G. W. Tweeddale ColL 
R.)„ 
g. 
J ad. sk. Port Mouat, Jan. (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
{Type of species.) 
h. § ad. sk. Perseverance Pt., Aug. Hume ColL 
i7 &• 6 ? a&* s^* Nicobars, March, April {A. de Hume ColL 
Foepstw-ff). 
I 
$ ad. sk. Nancowry, Nicobars, Feb. (W* Hume ColL 
Davison), 

m. 
S ad. sk, Nancowry, Nicobars, Bee. (A. Hume ColL 
de Foepstorff), 
2. COLUMBA. 
309 

n. JUT. sk. Nancowry, Nicobars, Jan. (JR. Tweeddale Coll." 
J. Wimberley). 
«?. <$ ad. sk. Trinkut, Nicobars, March (A. Hume Coll. 
de Boepstorf.) (* 

p. J imm. sk. Trinkut, Nicobars, Jan. (B. J. Tweeddale Coll. 
Wimberley). 
(Types of I. nicoba?fica, Wald.) 

q. 
$ juv.sk. Chowy Is., Nicobars, Jan. (W. Hume Coll. 
Davison). 
41. Columba versicolor. 
Columba versicolor, Kittl. Kupfertaf. i. p. 5; pi. v. f. 2 (1832); G. 
JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 22 (1844); Kittl JDenkwurd. ii. 

p. 174 (1858). 
Columba kitlitzii (sic), Temm. PL Col. (livr. 98, 1835): id, Tabl. 
Meth. p. 80 (1839). 
Columba metallica, Vig. (nee Temm.) Voy. cBlosso?n/ Orn. p. 25 
(1839) j G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 21 (1844). 
Carpophaga kittHtzli, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 469, n. 21 (1844) j 
Gieb. Tim. Orn. i. p. 585 (1872). 
Janthaenas kittlitzi, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 45 (1854). 
Janthcenas kittlitzi, Bp. Compt JRend. xxxix. p. 1105 (1854), xl. 

p. 218, n. 123 (1865); id. Coup d'ceil Ordr. Big. pp. 21, 57, 
n. 123 (1855) ; Rchnb. Tattben, i. p. 118, t. 224. f. 1261 {ex 
K&tlitz) (1862); G. B. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 231, u, 9215 (1870). 
Columba iris, Kittl. JDenkwurd. ii. p. 75 (1858). 
Jantboenas janthina, part., Schley. Mus. B.-B. Columbae, p. 74 

(1873). 
Carpophaga janthhia, Blakist. (nee Temm.) Chrysanth. 1883, April, 

p. 174; id. Amend. List B. Jap. p. 44 (part.) (1884). 
Jantboenas versicolor, Stejneg. Br. US. Nat Mus. x. p. 419 (1887). 
Columba splendida, Kittl MS. tide Stejneg. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. 
p. 420 (1887). 
Carpopbaga versicolor, Seebh. B. Z. 8.1889, p. 586; id. Ibis, 1890, 
pp. 103, 108; id. Birds Japan. Rmp. p. 166 (1890) ; Hartert, 
Kat. Vogelsamml p. 190 (1891). 

Adult. Ground-colour light slate-grey; upper parts, viz. bind 
part of the head, nape, back, and rump, with various splendid 
metallic reflections, according to the light, but principally golden 
purple, hind neck metallic green; longer upper tail-coverts with 
a bronze-green lustre; underparts lighter grey than the upper 
ones, and in some lights with golden-green or purple lustre on the 
edges of the feathers; flanks with a violet lustre; wings and tail 
slate-colour, tbe upper wing-coverts with bronze-green edges: " iris 
dark bine; bill greenish yellow; feet dark red" (Hoist). Total 
length about 18 inches, wing 10*5, tail 7*5, bill 0*85, tarsus 1*25. 

Hab. Bonin Islands, perhaps confined to the Parry group. 
Thanks to the authorities of the Senckenberg Museum, I have 
seen one of the types of the species. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Nakondo-Shima, Parry IsL, Sept H. Seebohm, Esq. [P.]. 
(P. A. Hoist). 
310 
COLTilBID^. 

42. Colnmba jouyi. 
Carpophaga janthina, 
Seebh. Ibis, 1587, p. 170 (part.) (Loo-Choo 
Island*). 
Janthcenas janthina, Siej/i. (nee Temm.) Zeitschr. yes. Orn. IT. p. 170 
(1867). 
Janthcenas jouyi, Stein. Amer. SatinnL Jui e 1S57, p. 5i3: id. Pr. 

U.S. Nat. JIus. x.'pp. 398. 415, 41S. 419 (1^7*. 
Carpophaga jouyi, Seebh. Birds of the Japan. Emp. p. 1U7 (15U0). 
Adult. Slate-black; upper part of the head slightly tinged with 
metallic purple; feathers of the hind neck tipped with metallic 
green; a broad silvery-grey creseentic band across the i^untle: 
lower back and rump with a greenish tinge, and with the edges of 
the feathers with some purple gloss; crop-region with a distinct 
purple gloss: bill m dry skins horn greenish ; ft et probably dull 
red in the living bird. Total length about 17 inches, wing 10, 
tail 7, bill 0-9, tarsus 0*25. 

Hah. Loo-Choo Islands. 

a. Ad. bk, Loo-Choo Inlands, Dec. {Prytr\. II. Seebjhm, E-q. ~P.~. 
43. Columlaa janthina. 
Culumba janthira, 
Tanm. PL CoL 503 (l\r. Mi, W>0>; Kmp § 
Prei\ Pitf. ii. pi. 10 (1*3^-44); Levs. (*<>mpL de Unff.% Oi\. \iii. 

p. 104 (1*37); Blyth, Iks, Wi7, y.l m. 
Carpoplu.ira 
janthina, G. 2L Gr. List of Grdii/ifp Ii. Mm. p. 6 
(1?44) : id. Gen. B. ii. p. 4f»S, n. 1:3 I lH44j f ^vn.i-iwnfl.J; lit hub. 
Syn. Ar. Columbaria*, f. li^fM !fc47j: G. IL Gr. List It Brit. 
Mvs. Columbae, p. 2$ (>vn. emend.) flH50f: htri/th. P.Z.S. 1MJ3, 

p. 338; Srhley. X 71 I), in. pp. 20-', 203 ilbtl^; I7#>/J. 77^. 
Om. i. p. 5*o (lb72»; Elwe% P..Z.S. W3, p. 051 ; Blalixt. fy 
Pryer, Tr. As. Sor. Jap. viii. p. 205 {1WJ», x. p. 130 {lb^2); 
Blakist. Amend. Lid B. Jap. pp. 25, 44 <lKH4j; Serhh. Ibi*, 
lbS4, p. 179, 1^7, p. 179 ipait.f; Sharp* * P. Z.S. 1VH7, p. 51*3; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (lfcfci*); Seebh. Link of the Japan. 
Emp. p. 1155 (part.) (Ib00|. 
Columba {C'arpophaora) janthina, Teimu. *!j" Srhkg. Ftnta. Jffp..Aves9 

p. 161, pis. lx., e. UM9); J5V//M, Ife. 1H57, p. 145*. 
Janthcenas janthina, Ileknb. Av. Syst. Xaf. p. sxvi fl^-52); i?/?. 
Compt Itend. xxxix. p. 1105 (1M4), xl. p. 21fc, n. 121 (lbo~j}; 
id. Coup (tmil Ordre Piq. pp. 21, 50, n. 121 |lb55j; iV/. Compt 
Rend, xliii. p. 837 (1&50): Ileknb. Tauten, i. p. 11*, t. 282. f. 12K) 
(lfc(>2); O. II. Gr. Hatul-lisU ii. p. 230t n. 0200 fl^70); ,S'/J%. 
Jl/ws. P.-J?. Columbae, p. 74 (hvn. eniHid.) (Ib73j; Shjneg. 
Zeitschr. qes. Or??, iv. p. 170 (lS^f); tf. Pr. r.tf. 3Vrf. J/i«. x. 
pp. 390, 415, 419, 483 (18b7); Ilein. fy Ikhm\ ShmencL Mm. 
Jlein. Orn. p. '282 (1890). 

Janthsenas janthina, Bp. Ctmnp. At. ii. p. 44 (IW4) (Vjn. emend,). 
Mu&cadivora jantbinat Schley. Diereni. p. 210 i ldti4)» 
Turtur {errore) janthina, Sidnh. Lbi% lb7t>, p. 3o4. 

-4r?«Zi ma7e. General plumage slate-black, with purple-metallic 
reflections on the edges of the feathers of the head, back, and 
rump, the metallic reflections being golden green on the neck and 

2. COLUMBA. 
crop-region; on the rest of the under surface and on the wing-
coverts the reflections are not so strong, and, according to the light, 
green or purple; lower back, rump, scapulars, and wing-coverts 
with a bronze lustre; under wing-coverts, quills, and tail slate-
Mack, the quills browner underneath, and with the outer webs 
slightly edged with brown: bill dark bluish ; " iris brown " (Cap. 
St John); feet reddish. Total length about 17 inches, wing 9*6, 
tail Cv8, bill 0*75, tarsus 1-3. 

Female. Similar to the male, only perhaps not so brightly 
coloured. 
Young. Brown, with slight metallic-green edges to the feathers 
of the nape and scapulars, while those of the mantle are purple. 
ISFone of the specimens mentioned below show the slate-grey colour, 
more or less faded to russet-brown, mentioned by Mr. Seebohm. 
Hob. Japan and Loo-Choo Islands. 

a, b. Ad. sk. et Japan. LeydenMuseum [P.]. 
juv. sk. 
c, d. S ad. sk. Nagasaki, Japan, March, Nov. F. Ringer, Esq. [P.]. 

e. tf ad. sk. W. coast of Japan, Sept. (Cajot. Hume Coll. 
St. John). 
f. 
Ad. sk. Hamilton Is. A. G. Wilday, ESQ. 
[P.]. 
44. Columba nrtens. 
Columba janthina, Kittl. (nee Temm.) Kupfertaf. i. p. o, pi. v. f. 1 
(1832) (Boninshima); id. Dmkiciird. ii. p. 174 (1858); Seebh. 
Ibis, 1891, p. 190 (Sulphur IaL). 

Columba nitens, Kittl. MS. fide Stejneger. 
Janthoenas niteas, Stejneg. Pr. U.S. Xat. Mas. x. p. 421 (1887) 
(Boninshima); id. Auk, 1891, p. 100. 

Carpophaga ianthina, part., Seebh. Ibis, 1890, p. 102; id. Birds of 
Japan. Ump. p. 165 (1890); Uariert (nee Temm.), Kat. Vogelsamml. 
p. 190, n. 2802 (1891). 

Similar to C. janthina, but smaller, with the underparts lighter 
slaty grey and less glossed with green and purple, and with the 
head and throat of a dull cinnamon-chocolate, glossed with lilac on 
crown a.nd occiput. Total length about 15*5 inches, wing $•& to 
9-3, tail 6-3, bill 0-8, tarsus 1-4. 

Hob. Bonin Islands—Parry group, Bailey Islands, and Sulphur 
Islands. 

Besides one of the types of the species, kindly sent for my 
inspection to the British Museum by the authorities of the Senekenberg 
Museum, I have seen a series of nine specimens belonging to 
Mr. Seebohm, and collected by Mr. Hoist in the Parry group, 
Bailey Islands, and Sulphur Islands. They belong to both sexes, 
and some are very young. The latter are slate-black, with a rufous-
brown tinge at the tips of the feathers of the head, and with a purple 
tinge on the edges of the feathers of the mantle; the interscapular 
feathers have a slight bronze-purple gloss. The young bird is quite 
different from the young of C. janthina from Japan, which is not 
slate-blade but h/virn. 

312 
COLriIBID-E. 

In a more advanced stage the head shows a rufous-purplish 
tinge, the green edges on the mantle-feathers are better pronounced, 
and the purple edges on the feathers of the hack and rump are 
strongly marked. 

In fully adult birds freshly moulttd the head and throat have a 
dull chocolate-colour glossed with purple or lilac. 

Two specimens, a female from ZSakondo-shima, Parry Islands, 
October, and a male from Aneshima. Bailey I&laiida, June, have 
lost the chocolate-colour on the head, which is slate-grey, with 
a purple or lilac gloss ; but the second has still some remains of the 
chocolate-colour, which I think mo^t probably is lust by abrasion 
of the feathers, and not gained by abrasion, as supposed by Hr. 

Seebohm. 
a, <$ ad. sk. Parrv Isl., Bonin, Oct. {P. A. II. Seebohm, Ebtp "P.". 
b. 2 imm. sk.
HoM). 
Bailev KL, Bonin, June (P. 
_ " " 
II. Setbuhm, E>q. "P."7 . 
A^Molst). 

45. Colxmiha metallica. 
Columba metallica, Temm. Pi 0>L ZK'J <Iivr. 0">, 1835j; Zes,s\ 
Cumpl. de Buf.f Ois. \m. p. 42 (1KJ7) : id, up. tit, 2nd KL p. 280 
(1838); Tcmm. fy Midi Verb. Land-en Volkihk. p. 200 (Timor) 
(lb39-44). 

Carpophajra metallica, G. It. Or. (feu. B. ii. p. 4*If*, n. VJ (1844j; 
Behib. Syn.Av. Columbaria, f. 121*0 <1^47); tihleg. JY. T. D. 
iii p. 201 (1800): Gieb. Tkes. Orn. i. p. MJ (L-72); Trihtr. Cat 
Coll B. p. 42 (1889), 

Janthoenas metallica, 
Behnh. Av. Sy&t. 2sat. p. xxv (1852); Bp. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1105 |18^4)? xl. p. 2LS? n. 122 (18-15); 
id. Coup <P<til Ordr. Pig. pp. 21, 37, n. 122 (l&oO); Jf«//. iBw, 
1801, pp. 34S3 350; Jfc^ . TV/M^K, i. p. 11*% t 231. f. 1200 
(1862); Wall. P. Z. S. 188:1 p. 4^Q; id. Ibis, 1805, pp. 388, 398; 

«7. J./. O. I860, p. 282 ; G. B. Gr. Hand-lid, ii. p. 230, n. 9210 
(1870) ; ScMeg. Mm. P-B. Columte, p. 73 (1^73;. 
Janthaeuas metallica, J3p. Consp. AD. ii. p. 44 (1&34). 

Adult male. General plumage slate-black; ripper part of the 
head, neek, and crop-region metallic purple-violet, rest of the upper 
parts -with metaEie golden-green edges to the feathers ; throat and 
cheeks slate-grey, with slight purple edges to the feathers of the 
latter: " base of bill red, tip pale yellow horny ; iris orange ; 
orbits red; feet dull red; claws pale " { Wallace). Total length about 
16*5 inches, wing 10-2, tail 6*5, bill 0'S, tarsus 0*03. 

Hob. Timor. 

a, b. 3 ad. bk. E. Timor. 
Wallace (JolL 

2 . COLTTMBA. 
313 
46. Columba griseignlaris. 
Carpophaga metallica, part., Schleg. N. T. L. iii. pp. 202, 203 
(Luzon) (1866). 

lanthoenas griseogularis, Wald.fyLayard, Ibis, 1872, p. 104, pi. vi. 
(Guimaras); Sclat. Ibis, 1874, p. 455; Wald. Tr. ZooL Soc. ix. 
pp. 218, 251 (1875); Sharpe, Tr. Linn. Soc, ZooL i. p. 353 (1876) ; 
Ticeedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 288 (Negros), 1879, p. 73 (Basilan); 
? Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 316 (Sooloo I.); Tweedcl Orn. Works, 
pp. 117, 121, 381, 412, 594, 651 (1881); Wardl. Hams. Tweedd. 
Orn. Works, pp. 659, 66Q (1881); Ouillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 271 
(Sulu); Everett, Zbis, 1887, p. 363 (Tiga Is., North of Labuan) j 
id. Jour a. Str. Br. P. As. Soc. 1889, p. 195; Steere, List BhUipp. 
Birds, p. 24 (Mindanao) (1890); Bias. J.f. 0.1890, p. 145. 

Janthoenas luzoniensis, Schleg. Mm. F.-B. Columbse, p. 75 (Luzon) 
(3873) ; Sclat. Ibti, 1874, p. 455. 
Carpophaga griseigularis, Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (1889). 

Adult " Upper surface of head from bill to nape grey, brilliantly 
tinted with light purple ; chin, cheeks, ear-coverts, and throat pale 
grey, faintly tinged on sides of head with vinous; nape and neck 
green, but changing in some lights to ashy tinted with bright 
purple ; breast beautiful, uniform, bright purple, changing in some 
lights to greenish ashy, as in shot silk; abdomen, flanks, thigh-
coverts, ventral region, and under tail-coverts dark ashy, many of 
the feathers being edged with the purple colour of the breast; back 
and uropygium ashy brown, shot with the bright purple of the breast, 
and changing to greenish ashy ,* scapulars and wing-coverts brown, 
with distinct purple margins; quills, rectrices, and upper tail-
coverts ashy brown, paler on under surface: feet rod; bill red at 
base and yellow at the tip. Wing 8*50 inches, tail 6*75, bill 0*81, 
tarsus 1'12." (Walden § Layard.) 

Hah. Philippine Islands, from Luzon to Mindanao, and also 
3ST. Borneo and Sulu Islands. 

a, I. Ad. et juv. Tampassuk R., K Borneo. W. Prettyman, Esq. 
c. Ad. sk.
d. $ ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
/ . d ad. sk. 
Pulau Tiga, off^N. coast ofBorneo, April. 
Guimaras, March (A. B.
Meyer). 
Negros. 
Valencia, Aug. (A. H. 
A. H. Everett, Esq. 
[0.1. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
g. 2 ad. sk.
h. ? ad. sk.
i. Ad. sk.
Everett). 
Basilan, May (A. H. E.). 
Basilan, May (A. H. E.). 
Sulu Is. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
H. Veitch, Esq. [P.]. 

47. Colximba albigularis. 
Janthoenas albigularis, Bp. Compt. Rendus, xxxix. p. 1105 (ex Gilolo) 
(1854), xl. p. 218, n. 125 (1855); id. Coup cFceU Ordr, Pig. pp. 21, 
56, n. 125 (1855). 

Carpophaga 
(errore pro Columba?) albigularis, Temm. Mus, Lugd. 
1849 (£p. Consp. AD. ii. p. 44) (ex Gilolo et Ceram) (1854:). 

31 4 
C0LO1BID.E. 

Janthsenas halmaheira, Bp. C. Av. ii. p. 44 (Gilolo and Ceram) (1554). 
Carpophaga albogularis, G. B. Gr. Lki B. Brit. Mus. Culumba*, 

p. 24 (touibiade LI.) (l&otfj. 
Janthce-nas halmacheira {sic)7 Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 887 (Gilolo) 
(18515). 
Janthcenas leucolseina, Bp. in Mm. Brit IsOO {Compt. Rend. xliii. 

p. 887, Ceram) (lbo(3). 
Carpophaga albigularis, G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. l<b. p. 11JU iXew 
Guineawand Louisiade M.j : id. Cat B. Sew Gain, p. til {l*oi)); 
id. P.Z.S. 1500, p. 801 (Gilolo), 1^01, p. 487 u\ W Guinea,' 
LotuViade Isl., Waigioii, and Mwd) ; Fmsth, Xta-Gvia. p. 17b 
(Halmahera and LuuHade Isl.J (Ibt>3u 

Janthcenas 
albignlaiL, Hrhab. Tavb&u i. p. US. «p. 20-1 (Gilolo 
and Ceram) (lb02j, ii. p. 153, &p. 29-1 t. vi. til HMJ7 »lb*)2); 
tialvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gtn. i\. p. 2U.\>\ n. £b(Wti*; tiharpe^ 
Journ. Linn. tioc., Zool. xiii. p. o0# tlb77j; Li-nz.J.f* 0, lb77, 

p. 879 ; Bams. Br. Linn. tiof. X 6*. ft* iii. p. 200 (Ab7b,, iv. p. 101, 
n. 120(1870); Bosenb. Malay. An hip. p. 407 (lb70i; tialmd. 
Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen.xlv. p. 002 {Kti\ (1*70): tikarpe, Jottrn, 
Linn. tioc3 Zool. xvi. p. 440 I LHb2l; Mad ad. Or/i. Pap. e Mai. iii. 
pp. 120, otSQ (18-2); Ple&kt, Bull Acad. Peter J), xiix. p. o#5 
(TeniateJ (lb54); ti/iarpe, in Gould's B. X*ir *7i//rt. 11. xxv, pi. 0 
(l^fcb); i> Fw, -dt/zn. Jtep. />//. X</c 6'ww. p. r>2 I lKi^M (Mount 
Gleewm, at ltOUfeet); /</• (Wow. Puptr-, n. 108, p. 1145 flbtfO); 
*& I&&, 1^01, p. 41 ; tialvad. Mem. B. Art tie. Tor. <2f xlil p. -30 
(**.%. O/vL Prt/y. e Mai. p. Ife^j (l^Ul ). 
Carpophaga 
halniahene, Fim(h} Xev-Gidn. p. 17b (<Vram, Ilalniahera, 
Batclikn) (ICOVJ). 
Janthcenah halmahtjira, ftVi//. 2bi% IfcOo, p. 0H>\ n. 70, p. 80S 
(Gilolo, Waigioti, My^olj : id. J.f.O. lH0f>, p. 2^2. 
Janthcfcuas albogularis (errore pro leueohuua/, ftV/. /A/*, ld« , 

p. 880, n.feO, p. 008|CeramJ ; id. J.f.O. itotitf, p. 2^2. 
Carpophaga 
albigularis, Schley. X T. JD. iii. p. 206 {Halmahera, 
Ternate, Morotai, Itaou, Ceram/ (IbOOf: Gkh. Then. Urn. L p.-3b8 
(lb72); Bosenb. Malay. Arehip, p. 828 (1*70) ; Titer. Cat. Coll 

B. p. 2m (iNbiJ). 
Columba albigularis, Temm. Mas. Luyd. {Schley. I. c). 
Janthcenas leucosoma (errore pro leucolsema f, tit hity. I e. 
Janthosnas leueoliema, G. M. Gr. Hand-li&t, ii. p. 280, n. 0212 
(Louitiade I&L, W'aigiou, Mysol) (lb70j; Garrwl, P. Z, ti. lb7o, 

p. 8t>7; Sclat. Lht Vert An. bth ed. p. 440 fvl&i>8). 
Janthajnas halmaheira, G. It. Gr. Hand-list^ ii. p. 201, n. 9218 
(Gilolo) (1870). 
Carpophaga leucoliema, Gieb. Then. Orn. i. p. MS (lH72j. 
Jaxithctenab albigularis, tic/dey. Mv*. P.-B. Cyliiiiiki'7 p. 7-3 {3I«r<»tai, 

Raou, Halmahera, Ternate, Buiiru, Ceram, Salawutti, New Guinea) 

(1878). 
Carpophaga halmahera?, Bosenb. Lleist. naar Gelvinkb. p. b (1H73). 
Janthcenas rawlin^onii, tiliarpe, Xature, 12 Aug., 1«K7HT p.;i;jU (Laioki 

Riverj; Bams, Pr. Linn, tifjc. X & IF. iii. p. 70 (lb7b). 
Carpophaga halmaheira, Trktr. Cat. ColL B. p. 42 (IbbO), 

Adidt. Blackisli slate-colour; cheeks and tbroat white ; edges of 
tlie feathers of the crown, neck, back, rump, and lower parts 
metallic purple, changing into green ; edges of the upper wing-
coverts and of the longer upper tail-coverts narrower and greener; 

2 . COLUMBA. 
315 
under wing-coverts scarcely edged with purple; quills and rectrices 
slate-black: " bill red, tip white; iris ochre-orange; orbits red; feet 
dull coral-red, claws pale" (Wallace). Length ]4*5 inches, wing 
9-5, tail 5*5, bill 08 , tarsus 1*10. 

Yomuj. Throat ashy, metallic edges of the feathers less conspicuous 
; crown, lower part of the front neck, and upper breast 
brownish ; bill and feet brown. 

Bab. From the Halmahera and Amboyna groups through the 
Papuan Islands to the Louisiades. 

a. Ad. sk. E. Gilolo. 
Wallace Coll. 
b. cS ad. sk. Gilolo. 
Wallace Coll. 
c. d. Ad. et Batchian ? Tweeddale Coll. 
imin. sk. 
e. $ 
ad. sk. Cajeli, Bourn, NOT. (H. 0. Salvin-Godman CoU. 
Forbes). 
f. Juv. sk. Mysol. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{/. <$ ad. bk. "\Vaigiou. Wallace Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. TVaigiou ? 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. [Am 1*.] 
Tweeddale Coll. 
k. Ad. sk. S.E. Xew Guinea, June (A. Tweeddale Coll. 
G-oldie). 
/. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. 


m. 
S ad. sk. Sogeri, S.E. New Guinea. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[C.]. 
n. 
Ad. sk. Port Moresby. 0. C. Stone, Esq. [0.]. 
(Type of J", rawlinsoni, Sharpe.) 
o. Ad. sk. Near Port Moresby (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. 
A. Goldie, Esq. [C.]. 
q. Ad. sk. Louisiade Archipelago. J. McGillivray, Esq. 
48. Columba hypoenochroa. 
Ianthoenas hypoenochroa, Gould, P. Z. JS. 1856, p. 136 (Isle of Pines); 
Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 837 (1856); Marie, Act, Soc. Linn. 
Bord. xxvii. p. 328 (1870); Marie, Ibis, 1877, p. 362; Tristr. 
Ibis, 1870, pp. 184,193; Layard, Ibis, 1880, p. 231 (Lifu) ; Layard, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 133, 1882, pp. 528, 544; Schal.«/"./. 0. 1887, p. 244. 

Carpophaga hypoinochroa, G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbee, 

p. 24 (1856). 
Carpophaga (Ianthoenas) hypoenockroa, G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. 1859, 
p. 165 ; Verr. 8f Des 3Iurs, Bev. et May. de Zool I860, p. 436. 
Carpophaga (Ianthoenas) hypoinochroa, G. B. Gr. List B. Trap. 
M. p. 42 (1859). 
Janthoenas hypsenoehroa, BcJinb. Tauben, ii. pp. 183, 200 (1862). 
Yanthoenas (sic) vitiensis, Verr. fy Des Murs (nee Q. <§* G.), Bev. et 
Mag. de Zool 1862, p. 130 (New Caledonia). 
Columba, sp. 6, Joncm, MSm. Soc. Cherb.ix. p. 96 (1863). 
Columba vitiensis, Jouan (nee Q. $ G.), t. c. p. 231 (1863). 
Janthoenas hypoinochroa, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 231, n. 9214 

(1870); Schley. Mm. JP.-B. Columb®, p. 77 (1873;. 
Carpophaga hypcenochroa, Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 585 (1872). 
Carpophaga hypoenochroa, Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 42 (1879). 
Janthoenas hypoenochroa, Wiylesw. AvesPolynes.j). 53, n. 272 (1891). 

Adult male (type). tTpper part of the head, neck> and under


COLUMBIDJ:. 

parts chestnut-purple, with metallic-purple edges, especially to the 
feathers of the upper part of the head, neck, and crop-region; rest 
of the upper parts dark slate-grey, with broad metallic-green edges 
and purple reflections to the feathers of the back and rump ; the 
smaller upper wing-coverts with narrow metallic edges; primaries 
slate-brown; tail almost black, under tail-coverts dark grey, washed 
with chestnut; cheeks, ear-coverts, and throat pure white: "bill 
pink with grey-buff tip; eyelids, legs, and feet pink; claws drab ; 
iris raw sienna " {Layard). Total length 16 inches, wing 9*5, tail 
6-5, bill 0-8, tarsus 1-1. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the head and neck with 
no chestnut-purple colour, but slate-black with the edges of the 
feathers metallic-purple, more or less with green reflections; the 
underparts also are much duller, having the feathers blate-grey, 
edged with chestnut; under tail-coverts dark grey, more or less 
washed with chestnut; cheeks and throat white, finely powdered 
with grey. 

Mak Isle of Pines, Xew Caledonia, and Loyalty Islands (Lifu 
and Mare). 

a. 
Ad. sk. Ibie of Pines, Oct. J. McOillivray, I*>q. [C\], 
(T%pe of ^pme-%) 
b, c. 
Jad.sk, Noumea, Xew Caledonia, Salvin-Ciodnwn Call. 
July. 

d. $ ad. sk. Xew "Caledonia, May. J. MeOillivrav, E*q. "0. ]. 
e. Ad. sk. Loyalty Is. " Pie v. J.fc>. Whitmee [C.J. 
49. Columba vitiensis. 
Columba 
vitiensis, Quay 4" Gaim. Toy. Asirol.f ZooL i. p. 246, 
pi. xxviii (1830) ; Peak, ZTJS. Fipl Ftp, Bird*, p. 187 (1*48); 
Marti Arehwf. Naturg. 1852, pp. 114, 134; id. J. f. O. 1854, 

p. 169; Cass. Pr. Ac. Sat. Se. Pkdad. 1&54, p. 232; id. U.& Expl. 
Exp., Birds, 2nd ed. p. 251 (1858); Marti. 1M% 1864, p. 232; 
Fimek % Marti. Fauna Centralpolyn.* Orn. pp. 137, 27!*, t. xi. f. 2 
(1867); Layard7 P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 30, 151, 430, 417'; id. Ibis, 
1876, p. 392; Cab. $ Mehnw. J.f.O. 1&76, p. 325 (Ovalau); 
Finsch, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 736 (Kandavu); Xrtrk. J. f. O. 1879, 
p. 407 (egg); Finsch, Voy. Ckallmg., Birds, p. 51 (1881); Bchnw. 
J.f.O. 1891, p. 127. . 
Carpopbaga vitlensis, G. It. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 469, n. 26 (1844); 
RcJinb. Syn. Av. Columbaria?, £ 1288 (1*47); G. B. Gr. List B. 
Brit Ilt^s. Columba*, p. 23 (1856); Girb. Ikes. Orn. L p. 588 
(1872); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 43 (1889). 

Jantboenas vitiensis, Rchnb. Ad. Syst. Nat. p. xxv(1852); Bp. Compt. 
Mend, xxxix. p. 1105 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 124 (1855); id. Coup cTceil 
Ordr. Pig. pp. 21,56. n. 124 (1855); Ltchih. Taubm,L p. 118, t. 231. 

f. 
1288 (1862), ii. p. 183 (1862); G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 230, 
n. 9211 (1870); Schleg. Mm, P.-B. Oolumbfe, p. 77 (1873); 
North, Pr. Linn. JSoe. N. S. W. (2) ii. p. 448 (1887); Wiglesw. 
Aves Polynes. p. 53, n. 274 (1891). 
Jantbaenas vitiensis, Bp. Consp; Av. ii. p. 44 (1854). 
Carpopbaga (Iantboenas) vitiensis, G. R. Gr. List B. Trap. 1st 

p. 42 (1859); Rams. Pr. Linn. See. N. 8. W. i. p. 76 (187.">). 
Columba viticensis {sic), Blyth7 Ibis, 1870, p. 173. 
2 . C0LTO1TU. 
317 

Adult male. Upper parts slate-grey, the edges of the feathers 
broader on the hind neck and mantle, with metallic-green reflections, 
changing into purple-violet in some lights; forehead distinctly grey ; 
cheeks, ear-coverts, and throat pure white• rest of the underparts 
rich vinous, with some greenish reflections on the front neck and 
crop-region; under tail-coverts slate-grey; primaries and tail slate-
black. Total length about 14*5 inches, wing 8*7, tail 5-5, bill 0-8, 
tarsus 0*1. 

Female. Similar to the male, but duller and with the underparts 
less vinous. «. 

Toting. Similar to the female, but with the upper parts brown-
slate, and with the underparts rufous-brown, almost chestnut towards 
the abdomen : " iris brown" (Layard). 

Hob. Fiji Islands—Ovalau, Wakaja, ITokani, Yanua Levu, 
Taviuni, Lomaloma, Mango, Yiti Levu, Kandavu. 

a-e. <$ $ &&-e* Ovalau, Nov. {E. L. Layard). 
Tweeddale Coll. 

juv. sk. 
/> 9- c? ad. sk. Iiandavu. < Challenger' Exped. 
*A, i. <$ 5 ad. sk. Kandavu, Aug. (R L, Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 

k. <$ ad. sk. Levuka, Aug*. (JEJ. L. Layard). Tweeddale Coll. 
/. Ad. sk. Taviuni, Fiji (Liardet). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m. 2 imm. sk. Rewa, Fiji (V. Williamson). Tweeddale Coll. 
n. 
$ hum. sk. Angua, Fiji. J. McGillivrav, Esq. 
[F.]. 
o. tf ad. sk. Mt Drekette, Fiji. Tweeddale Coll. 
p. 
J ad. sk. Ngau Is., Fiji (Uanger). Voy. of H.M.S. 
'Herald.' 
50. Columba leopoldi. 
Ianthoenas hypoenockroa, Layard {nee Gould), Ibis, 1878, pp. 276, 

280 (New Hebrides). 

Ianthoenas leopoldi, Tristr. Ibis, 1879, p. 193 (Vate* Island, New 

Hebrides); Rchnw. $ Schal J. f. 0. 1879, p. 424 ; Schmeltz, 

Verk Ver. Rami. 1877 (1879), p. 78• Layard, Ibis, 1881, p. 136 

(Aneiteum); Wiglesw. Aves Folyn. p. 53, n. 273 (1891). 

Carpophaga leopoldi, Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 42 (1889). 

Female (type). Upper parts slate-colour, with 
the edges of 

the feathers of the crown, occiput, nape, back, 
and rump of an 

amethyst-colour; anterior half of the upper part of the head 

uniform slate-colour, with no metallic edges; throat and cheeks 

whitish, powdered with grey; underparts slate-colour, with the 

edges of the feathers dull rufous-chestnut; the 
crop-region with 

dark amethyst lustre; sides, flanks, and under 
tail-coverts slate


colour ; upper wing-coverts slate-colour, with the narrow metallic 

edges lighter, and in some lights green; quills and tail brown slate


colour : " bill and legs coral-red; iris red." Total length about 

15*5 inches, wing 9, tail 6*2 (not 9*2 as stated by Canon Tristram), 

bill 0*9, tarsus 1*2. (Mus. Tristram.) 

Hab. New Hebrides—Vate, Erromango, Ambrym, Mallicolo, St. 

Bartholomew, Santo, Api, and Aneiteum (Layard). 

313 
COLCMBID-i:. 

I do not quite understand this species. The type in Canon 
Tristram's collection, and two other specimens from Erromango, 
which I have seen, scarcely show any difference from not fully 
adult females of C. hypa-noela-oct from Xew Caledonia ; but there is 
a specimen from Aneiteum in Tristram's collection which looks fully 
adult, and which has the general plumasre slate-colour, with the 
edges of the feathers of the upper parts metallic grteru with a slight 
amethyst gloss on the hind neck, and the underparts slate-gr^y. with 
a green gloss on the crop-region, and ao rvfom-vh^itttrt ting*-what >ver, 
so that it has a great resemblance to C. ai*t<ta h^p^ from the Samoa 
Islands. This specimen is con&idered by Canon Tristram to be vtrg 
adult. 

a. Ad. ? sk. Erromango, Xew Hebrides, Xo\. Tweeddale Cull. 
51. Colnmba castaneiceps. 
Columba 
castaneiceps Peaie, US. ErpL Em. \\ii. p. 1S7, pi. 50 
(lb4:Sj (Uphill); Earth Arch. f. Xaturg. 1852, pp. 114, 134: id. 

J. f. 0. 3851, p. 109; Cass! US. Eiph En p., Bmh\ p. 252, 
pi. xxiii. (K)^) ; Finsch fy Earth Orn. (*mfmipid. p. 1:10 118l>7); 
FinhC?i,J. f. O. 1^72, p. 47; llldtmee. Ibis. 3N*75, p. 417; Lmpird, 
P. Z. S. l*7tf, p. 490; Fimcli, P. Z. S. 1^77, p. 7Ji7 ; id! Votj. 
Okalkng., Birds', p. 52 (1 W). 
Janthrenas castaneiceps, Bp. Con^p. Ar. ii. p. 4*5 I ls54». 
Janthcenas castaneicpp^, Bp. Cumpf. Bend. xxxiw p. 1105 (1854), xl. 

p. 218, n. 12G (1855); id. Coup (Tail Ordr. Pig. pp. i>], 50, 
n. 120 (1855); Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 113 < WS2), 11 p. 1^3, Xwit 
Suppl t. TL f. 08 (1802); (?. J2. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 231t n. 9216 
(1870); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbie, p. 77 U^il ; 2>*Vr. Zfiw, 
1870, pp. 193, 194; LIein. fy IMimc. Xomencl. Mm. Hem. Orn. 
p. 282 (1890); Wigksw. Ares PolyiM. p. 54, n. 275 flKIl). 
Columba vitien&ls, part., Cms. U.S. EipLErp^ Birds, p. 251 (younjr) 
(1858); limeh 4* Earth Orn. Ceairalpol. p. 13h<part., voung) 
(1887); Finsch, J. f. O. 1872, pp. 32, 40 (Upolu); JlTitonie. Ibis, 
1875, p. 442 ; Layard, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 400 i Xavfcator's Isl.).* 

Carpophaga (Janthoenas) castaneiceps, G. B. Gr. List B. Trop. Ish 

p. 42 (1859). 
Carpophaga castaneiceps, Gieb. Tkes. Orn, i. p. 584 (1872); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll.B.y.4Z (1889). 
Janthgenas vitiensis, Rams, (nee Q. fy G.) JPr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. 

p. 140 (1877) (Samoa IsL). 
Adult male. General plumage slate-grey, both above and underneath, 
but the feathers of the upper parts with green metallic 
edges, "which show purple reflections on the neck and crop-region; 
upper part of the head dark purple-chestnut; throat and cheeks 
white : " iris, narrow eyelids, bill, and feet red" (Griiffe). Total 
length about 14*5 inches, wing 8, tail 5*8, bill 0*88, tar&us 1. 

Female, Similar to the male (Finsch). 

Hah. Samoa Islands—Upolu, Manono, Apolima, Savai. 

a. S ad. sk. Upolu, Samoa (Godeffroy Mm.). Safrin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Samoa (Bev. J. S. Whitmee). Tweeddale Poll. 
2 . CGIXMBA. 
319 
52. Columba palli&iceps. 
Ianthoenas 
pallidiceps, Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 248 
(1877) (Duke of York Islands) (cf. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. 

p. 374)• Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 125 (1882). 
c* Like I. metallicus (sic), Temm., but having the whole head and 
throat white. 

" The whole of the head and throat white, with a faint opaline 
rosy tint in certain lights; the quills of the wings and tail, the 
primary-coverts above, the under wing-coverts, outer series of the 
under tail-coverts slaty black; the neck and all the upper and 
under surface of the body, upper tail- and wing-coverts slaty black 
at the base, but broadly margined at the tips of the feathers with a 
rich opaline rosy tint, greenish in reflected lights. The basal portion 
of the bill, bare space round the eye, and the cere red; tip of 
the bill horn-yellow ; legs and feet red, claws yellow at the base, 
brownish at the tip. Total length 16 inches; wing 9 ; tail 5 ; 
tarsus 1*3 : bill from forehead 1*4 (!), from gape 1*5, from cere 
0*75." (Ramsay.) 

Hah. Duke of York Islands. 

Unknown to me. 

53. Columba philippana. 
Ianthoenas philippanse (!), 
Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vi. p. 721 
(1881), vii. pp. 38, 069 (Ugi, St. Oristoval) (1882); Nature, 
vol. 25, p. 282; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 429, n. 13 
(1882); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 560 (1882); Rchnw. Sr Schal. 

J. f. 0. 1883, p. 404; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. 59 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 185) (1891). 
Adult male. " The head, nape, throat, and upper part of the 

neck Trench grey with an opaline rosy lustre; the wings and tail 

above and below blackish slate-blue, almost black ; all the rest of 

the plumage light bluish slate-colour, burnished with metallic 

reflection of rich green and pale rose. The upper and under wing-

and tail-coverts like the wings and tail, but margined with the 

same metallic colours as the body ; in reflected light the tint is rich 

rose, by transmitted light rich bright green: ' bill coral-red, feet 

bright deep yellow; iris rich yellow, skin round the eye above 

reddish yellow, below light bluish grey' (A. Morton). Total 

length 15*2 inches; wing 9*5; tail 6 ; tarsus 1*2; bill from fore


head 1*3 (!), from nostrils 0*8, from gape 1*4." (Ramsay.) 

" Although closely allied to Tantfimias pallidiceps, it differs from 

the type in the ground or non-metallic colours of the feathers of 

the body being light slate-blue, and not blackish brown, and the 

rose-colour of a much brighter tint, not inclining to purple/' 
(Ramsay.) 
Bab. Ugi, Solomon Islands. 
Unknown to me. 

320 
COLr^IBID-S. 

54. Colinnba leucomela. 
Norfolk Piareon, Lath Sijn. Suppl ii. Add. p. 874 (1502) ; id. Gen. 
Hist. viii. p. 30 (1823). 
Columba norfulcienssis **, Lath. Ltd. Orn. Buppl. p. lx, n. 6 (1S02>; 

FiWtf. X D. xxvi. p. 367 (1818): id. Enc. Mitk. i. p. 377 (1823); 
JDesm. Diet Sc. Xat si. p. 370 (1826); JTtf?/. tiyst. Ar. Columba, 
pp. dub. 5 (1827). 

Columba leucomela, Temm. Tr. Linn. Sot. xili. p. 120 (1521) (Tew 
Holland) : id. PL Col 186 (livr. 32, 1*23) ; Sfeph. Gen. ZooL xiv. 

p. 284 (1820); Deem. Diet. tic. Xat. si. p. 314 (1&2G); Less. 
Qompl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 77 (ls37); id. op. at. 2nd. ed. p. 290 
(1838): Knip 4* Pm \ P/^. ii. pi. 2r> (183^-43). 
Columba leucoruelana, WagL Si/tt. Ai\ Columba, sp. 50 (1*27). 

Carpophasra leucomela, Goidd, B. of Amir. v. pi. 5H fpt. xiL, 1*43); 
Rrhnb. Yog. Xeuholl. p. 272 (1*50): JE/^Y, P. #. tf. 1*57, p. 27 
(Point Pearce); Gieh. The*. Orn. i. p. 5*0 fl*72f. 

Caipophaga 
norf<leien«is, 6-'. P. GV. P?V of Gallmrr B. 31. p. 5 
(1844)-" id. Gen. B. ii. p. 4*1*, n. 5 (1^44/; 2LV/W/>. Ayw. ^4i\ 
Columbaria-, if. 1280-82 (1*47); Cam. Br. Ar. 3,at. A>/' Philad. 
1*54, p. 232; G. Ii. Gr. List B. Brit. Mas, <V>lumb»*, p. 24 
(1856); G. It. Gr. Ibis, 181)2, p. 232; IMz. Xovma lins., Voq. 

p. 107 (1HJ5); tichler/. Mu$. P.-B. Cultitiiki*, p. 103 (]*^73f; 
Rams. Br. Linn. Hoc. X S. W. ii. p. li*o. n. 51* (l*78f; i77. JT«6. 
izV, p. ]*•», n.531 (l^H; IIarferftKatJ'fjr/(hammi.ih 100(1*91), 
Alsocomus leucomelas. Biytk, Cat. B. MUK A. A. B. p. 233, n. 1412 
(3849). 
M^mticivora norfulcensi**, Rchnb. Ac. 8yd. Xat. p. \wi (L*52); 

«Z. 2V/?fey i. p. 117, t. 220. ff. 12*0~>2* 11-fd). 
Leucomelajna 
norfolcien?is, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 44 |1S54); Oatdd, 
Handb. B. Ausir. ii. p. 112 (Ifcf >5 I; 6'. P. Or. Band-list, ii. p. 2;il, 

ii. 9228 (1*70); Souw, Jfvs. Xac. LiJ>. Columba, p. 12 < 1*73); 
Earns. P. Z. & 1870, p. 115; Saiv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 554 
(1^2); Tristr. Cat. Coll. P . p. 43 (1*^>); Hem. & Jttehmo. 
Xomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 283 (1890I. 
Leueomeloena norfoleien«is, Bp. Compt. Rend. xwix. p. 1104 (1854), 

xl. p. 218. n. 120 (1855); id. Coup (Tail Ordr. Piq. pp. 205 m. 
n. 120 (1855). 
Leucomelaina norfolcienbis, lichib. Tauben* i. p. *J3, t. 229. if. 128082 
(18U2). 
Myristicivora norfolciensis, Rchnb. Tauhen^ ii. p. 200 (18t>2). 
Muscadirora leucomelana, Schlep. Dierent. p. 210 (1864). 


Adult male. Head, Deck, breast, and abdomen -white, washed 
with buff; throat white; all the upper surface, wings, and tail 
slate-blaek, all the feathers of the back, rump, and lower wing-
coverts edged with purple in some, and greenish purple in others; 
flanks slate-colour; abdomen tinged with salmon-buff; under tail-
coverts light slate-colour: bill two-thirds from the base beautiful 
pink-red, covered with a mealy substance ; tip of the bill yellowish 
white, tinged with lilac; irides large and of a rich yellowish 
hazel in some specimens, reddish orange in others; naked skin of 

* As there is no reliable evidence that this bird is found in Norfolk Island, 
the name norfolcienm cannot stand. 
2 . COLOTBA. 321 
the orbits nearly pink-red; feet buff, with, the scales pink-red and 
nail white" (Gould). Total length about 16 inches, wing 9-3, 
tail 6, bill 0*8, tarsus 0'95, 

Female (?). Upper part of the head, the neck, breast, and 
abdomen pale brown-buff; throat and cheeks whitish; feathers of the 
crown, nape, sides of the neck, crop-region, and rest of underparts 
with metallic-purple tinge on the edges; remainder of the upper 
parts slate-colour, the edges of the feathers of the back, rump, and 
wing-coverts metallic green, with purple reflections; quills, tail, 
under wing-coverts, upper and under tail-coverts slate-black: bill 
apparently yellow; feet pale. Total length about 15*5 inches, wing 
9*5, tail 6, bill 0*75, tarsus 0*96. 

Young. Differs from the supposed female in being paler below, 
and in having the under tail-coverts pale brown, with the shaft of 
the feathers white. 

There is some uncertainty as to whether the birds described as 
female and young really belong to this species; but this cannot 
be settled without a larger series. 

Ilab* Eastern Australia, from Rockingham Bay to Clarence 
River district, and the interior as far as Point Pearce. 

a. Ad. sk. New South Wales (Cockerell Salvin-Grodman Coll. 
and Thorpe), 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. Ad. sk. 
Queensland. Tweeddale Coll. 
Linnean SocietyfP.]. 
(Type of species.) 
d. Ad. sk. Australia. Lady Carrington 
e. Ad. sk. Australia. A. Cunningham, Esq. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
%g. Ad. sk. 
h. d ? ad. sk. 
Australia. Gould Coll. 
Purchased. 
Manchester Museum 
t. Imrn. sk. Rockingham Bay. 
[p.], 
Gould OolL 

55. Coliimba polleni. 
Columba polleuii, Schlep. K. T. D. iii. p. 87 (18CG); id. P.Z. S.1866, 
p. 424 ; Schleg. $ Poll Peek Faun. Madaq. p. 112, pi. 37 (1868); 
Poll Relat. Voy. p. 132; Gieb. The*. Orn. i. p. 149 (1872) • 
JETartl Tog. Madaq. p. 2G7 (1877); JS. Newt. P. Z. S. 1877, 
pp. 300, 301 (Anjuan); Shell. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 678 (Anjuan); 
Milne-Ed. $ Oust Nouv. Arch, du Mus. (2) x. p. 273 (Grande 
Oomore) (1889). 
Trocaza polleni, G. R. Or. Kand-list, ii. p. 233, n. 9255 (1870). 
Stictcenas pqlleni, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbae, p. 72 (1873). 
Palumbus polleni, Shell. Ibis, 1883, p. 282. 

Adult. Xearly uniform brown, with a slight olive gloss on 
the upper parts; a collar at the back and sides of the neck of 
lanceolate feathers, with paler ashy brown ends, edged on the 
onter webs with whitish; quills with narrow pale edges; "iris 

YOL. XXI. T 

322 COLTJMBIDJE. 

pale brown; bill yellow, shaded towards the base with dusky olive ; 
legs olive, shaded yellow" {fide Blidleij). Total length about 14 
inches, wing 8*8, tail 6*3, bill 0*7S, tarsus 1*1. 

Some specimens hare the feathers of the underparts very slightly 
edged with rufous, and occasionally the feathers of the breast have 
a faint buff spot at the tip of the inner web, reminding one to a 
certain extent of the spotted plumage of C. afqtmtrix. 
Ilab. Comoro Islands—Great Comoro, Mayotte, and Anjuan. 

a. Imm. sk G t Comoro. Purchased. 
h, c. Ad. et imm. sk Airjuaii Is. (KirJS). Shelley Coll. 
(1. Ad. >k Anjuan Is. (Berc&Ji&r). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

56. Colnmba nigrirostris *. 
Columba mgrirostris, Sclat P. Z. S. 1<<3U. p. %$() (Oaxaea. Mexico); 
Sclat iij-h'alv. P. Z. S. Ib04, p. :J70: Salv. Ibis, l^Jo, p. ia> 
(Guatemala), 18**0, p. 200, 1*07. p. 2^0 {Mo^quitia); id. P. Z. S. 

* COLUMBA PLUMBEA and /*> AJ]U*. 
Besides Cohunha plmaha, YieilL* from Brazil, fhe ntht*r allied birds have 
been described a&» di>tinet, viz. :— 
1st. C. nigrirttofi'^ fcjclat., from Oaxaea, Mexico, and Cer.tral America as far 
as Panama : 
2nd. C. suhrinacca, Lawr., from Co>ta Rica to Ecuador ; 
$r$. C. riaucLa, Temm.. from Cayenne; 
4th. C. purpunotimta, Ridgw., from British Guiana ; and 
Mi. C. jjhfwbta, subsp. htttjotniHit. Bert, k Leverk., from Bogota, 
The fiffet two ha\e each a well-defined range and can be easily recognized — 
the first by its thiekisk bill and rufous tinge on inner webs of "the quills, and 
the second, which also has the rufous tinge on the inner webs* of the quills, 
by the brown-cinnamon, colour of the back and wings. A* to C. pm-panatineta, 
Ridgw., from British Guiana, of which there is a good series in the 
British Museum, there is not the least doubt that it U the e-ame as C vhurcto, 
Temm., from Cayenne, of which I ha\e seen the type in the Mue^um of Paris. 
In the British Museum there are several specimens from Bogota, which I 
suppose belong to C.plu/tiha, var. bngott /this, Berl. k Leverk., but 1 have failed to 
discover how they can be distinguished from those from Brazil, Ecuador, 
Upper Amazons, and other localities. 
Kow comes the question as to whether C. pli/mhfu and C. vinaeea are really 
distinct. I may mention that Pelzeln, from an inspection of a number of 
specimens, was inclined to consider C. vinaeea simply as a variety of C plumbea, 
and that G-raf von Beriepsch (3. f. O. I£74, p. 242) seems to be rather 
uncertain on this point. Mr. Salvin and myself, n ho have looked very carefully 
into the subject, have been unable, after examining about thirty specimens 
from Brazil Goiana, Upper Amazons, Ecuador, and Bolhia, to find that they 
belong to more than one species, extremely variable in size, in the more or less 
bright colouring, in the rufous tinge on the inner webs of the quills being often 
absent, and even in the reddish spots on the feathers of the hind neck, which while 
very distinct in some specimens, especially females, are in others evanescent. It 
is worth while noticing that traces of the same spots are also to be found in some 
specimens of C. subwnacea, while in the majority they are altogether wanting. I 
do not pretend that my theory is correct; I merely wish to say that, with the 
materials at my command, I have been unable to draw the line between the 
different races or species admitted. I also wish to point out that Temminek's 
name C. vinaeea cannot stand, there being already a C, vinavtat Gm., and that 
the substitute name ('. hicolm\ Vieill. (nee Seop.), fails on the same ground. 

2 . COLUMBA. 
323 

1870, p. 217 (Veragua) ; Gieb. TAes. Orn. i. p. 748 (1872); Zeledon, 
Ann. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 127, n. 580 (Costa Rica); 
Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 594 (1887). 

Columba ?, Salv. $ Sclat. Ibis, I860, p. 402 (Guatemala): Salv. 
Ibis, 1866, p. 206 (=nigrirostris, Sclat). 
Clilorcenas nigrirostris, Rchnb. Tauben, ii. p. 171 (1862); Lawr. 
Ami. Lye. New York, ix. p. 135 (1868) (Costa Rica): Frantz. 

J. f. 0. 1869, p. 371; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 235, n. 9277 
(1870); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Coliimbae, p. 78 (1873); Salv. Ibis, 
1874, p. 455; Rein. § Rchmo. Nomencl. Mus. Sein. Orn. p. 277 
(1890). 
Chlorcenas vhrieea, Lawr. (nee Temm.) Ann. Lyc. N. Y.rk. vii. 

p. 333 (1866). 
Adult male. Head, neck, breast, and rest of the underparts 
vinous, paler on the latter, and glossed with amethystine, especially 
on the head and hind neck; back, rump, upper tail-coverts, wings, 
and tail brown, with a slight amethystine gloss on the upper back 
and scapulars, the other parts glossed with bronze-olive; abdomen 
and under tail-coverts greyish vinous ; under wing-coverts vinous ; 
inner webs of the quills below tinged with rufous; tail below 
paler than above, and with a reddish tinge and glossy appearance : 
bill black ; feet coral-red. Length about 11 inches, wing 6-5, tail 
4*6, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*75. 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat smaller. 
There is some individual variation as regards the underparts, 
which in some specimens are brighter vinous than in others. 
The thickish bill and the rufous tinge on the inner webs of the 
primaries below are the most distinguishing points of this species. 
Hob. Southern Mexico and Central America as far as Panama. 


a. <$ ad. sk. S. Mexico, April (Boueard). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, c. $ ad. et ad. Choctum, Vera Paz, Guate- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. mala, Feb. (O. S. $ F. D. G.), 


d. 
Ad. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
duras (Blancamaux). 
e. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Aree). Salvin-Godman ColL 
f, g. <S 2 ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui {Arcs). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h, V. J ad. et ad. Lion Hill Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. Panama (McLeannan). 

57. Colttmba plumbea. 
? Columba cayennensis, Bonn. Tall. Enc* MM. i. p. 234, n. 8 (1790) 
(ex JSollandre, Abrege d?Hist Nat. ii. p. 214) (Cayenne). 
Columba vinacea, Temm. fy Knip (nee Gm.), Pig. i.; fam. seconde, 

p. 87, pi. 41 (1808-11) (Guiana) (type examined); Temm. Pig. et 
QalUn. i. pp. 303, 477 (1813); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 84 (1819) ; 
Besm. Diet. Se. Nat xl. p. 345 (1826); Wagl Syst, Av. Columba, 
sp. 78 (1827) ; Orn. Recpie An. 2nd ed. i.p.401 (1829); Less. Tr. 
d'Om. p. 473 (1831) ; Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 58 (1837); 
id op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 285 (1838); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 289 
(Ecuador); Sclat $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 198 (Ucayali), 1867, 
p. 590 (Capim River), 1869, p. 598; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 752 
T 2 
324 
COLUMBIA J.:. 

(1872) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 639; Sclat. §* Salv. 

P. Z. S. 1873, p. 306; iid. Nomencl. Av. Neofr. p. 132 (1873); 
iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 543 (Remedios); ? Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 48 ; 
Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 449 (1883); Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. 
t>. 235, Tables, p. 101 (1886); Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 173 (British 
fetaiana); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 38 (1889). 
Columba bicolor, Vieill {nee Scop.) N. I), xxvi. p. 345 (1818); G. P. 
Gr. List B. Brit. Mas. Colunibae, p. 33 (1850). 

Oolumba plumbea, 
Vieill N. D. xxvi. p. 358 (1818) (Brazil) (type 
examined); id. Erie. MSth. i. p.378 (1823); Besm. Diet. Sc. Nat. 
xl p 374 (1826); G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 15 (1844); Rchnb. 
Syn. Av. f. 1262 (1847) ; G. P. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columba*, 

p. 33 (1856); Peinh. Vidensh. Medd. Nat. For. 1870, p. 58, sp. 73 ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 749 (1872); Sclat. <§* Salv. Nomencl Av. 
Keotr. p. 132 (1873); iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 639 (Bolivia); Salv. 
Cat. B. Strickl Coll. p. 543 (1882); Berl $ J her. ZeiUchr. d. ges. 
Orn. 1885, p. 176 (Rio Grande do Sul); Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. p. 234, 
Tables, p. 101 (1886); Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 173 (British Guiana); 
fBerl J.f.O. 1887, p. 133; Pelz. £ Lor. Ann. Naturh. Hofmus. 
iii. p. 48 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 38 (1889); Hart. Kat. 
Vogekamml. p. 186 (1891). 
Columba locutrix, 
Wied, Peise nach Bras. ii. VV-118> 213 (1821) ; 
Temm. Pi. Col. 166 (livr. 28, 1823); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 283 
(1826) ; Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 325 (1826); Waql. Syst. Av. 
Columba, sp. 62 (1827); Cuv. Pegn. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 491 (1829) ; 
Less. Tr.d'Orn. p. 470 (1831); Wied, Beitr.iv. p. 455 (1832); 
Xnip $ Prev. Pig. ii. pi 44 (1838-43) ; Allen, Ball Am. Mas. N. 

II. ii. p, 270 (1889); Piker <$• Chapm. Auk, viii. p. 162 (Santarem) 
(1891). 
Columba 
infuscata, Liclit. Cat. Douhl. Berl Mus. p. 66 (1823); 
Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 65 (1827); id. Isis, 1829, p. 744 
(=loeutrix, Wied); G.P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 32 (1844); 
Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, pp. 45, 275 (1844-46); ? Rchnb. Syn. Av. 

f. 1271 (pess.) (1847). 
Macropygia infuscata, Sio. Class. B. ii. p. 349 (1837). 
Peristera locutrix, Hartl Syst. Verz. p. 99 (1844). 
Peristera vinacea, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 476, n. 12 (1845); Pchnh. 
Syn. Av. Novit. Columbaria, f. 3384 (errore 3389) (1851). 
Tympanistria vinacea, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852). 
Leptoptila plumbea, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv, f. 1262 (1852). 
Janthcenas locutrix, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv, f. 1271 (1852). 
Chloroenas plumbea, Bp. Consp. Av. ii, p. 53 (1854); id. Co?npt. 

Rend, xxxix. p. 1109 (1853), xl. p. 216, n. 150 (1855) ; id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp 25, 56, n. 150 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 62, 

t. 224. f. 1262 (1862), ii. p. 172 (1862); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 274r 
450, liv (1868); G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 235, n. 9275 (1870); 
Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Oolumba, p. 14 (1873) j Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 555 (Central Peru); Hein. § Pchnw. Nomencl Mus. 
Hem. Orn. p. 277 (Rio Grande) (1890). 
Chloroenas 
vinacea, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 53 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1109 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 151 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 25, 56, n. 151 (1855); JBurm. Sy*t. Ueb. Th. 
Bras. iii. p. 292 (1856); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 63, t. 257 b. f. 3384 
(1862), ii. p. 172 (1862); G. P. Gr. HawUist, ii. p. 235, n. 9276 
(1870); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columba, p. 78 (type!) (1873); Berl. 

J.f. 0.1874, p. 242. 
Chloroenas bicolor, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 30. 
2. COLTTMBl. 
325 
Chloroenas infuscata, Burm. Syst. Ueb. Thier. Bras, iii. p. 292 (1830) 
(Xeu-Fnboirrg). 
Chloroenas locufrix, Rehnb. Tauben, i. p. 63 (1802), ii. p. 172, t. ii. 

f. 21 (1802) 5 Hein. # Rchmo. Xomend. MILS. Hein. Orn. p. 277 
(1890). 
? Columba plumbea, Tar., Feb. Orn. Bras, pp. 27*5, 4o0 (1868). 
Lepidcenab plumbea, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columbae, p. 70 (1673). 
Columba purpureotincta, Ridgy). Pr. U.S. Xat. Mus. 1887, p. 594, 

note (Demerara, British Guiana). 
Clilora^udh plumbea, subsp. bogotensis, Berl. § Lererk. Ornis, 1890, 

p. 32. 
Adult male. Head, neck, and underparts purplish vinous; back, 

rump, upper tail-coverts and upper wing-coverts dark sepia-

brown with an olive lustre, more or less with purple reflections in 

some specimen^; quills dark olive sepia-brown, inner webs in some 

specimens tinged 
with rufous brown ; under wing-coverts dark 

greyish vinous ; tail dark olive-brown like the back, more or less 

with a purple lustre: " iris dark vinous red; feet dark red, with 

a violet tinge; bill black * (Wied). Total length 18*5-11 inches, 

wing 7-0, tail 5*o-4%5, bill 0*05-0-58, tarsus 0*95-0*8. 

Adult female. Like 
the male, but duller and less vinous under


neath, and often with reddish spots on the nape. 

Young. Has rufous narrow edges to the feathers of the head and 

underparts and to the wTing-coverts. 

If ah. Cayenne, British Guiana, Columbia, Ecuador, X. and E. 

Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. 

Three specimens from E. Peru, mentioned below, absolutely alike, 

have a distinct cinnamon tinge on the upper parts, and perhaps 

belong to a definable race. 

a. Ad. fit. Brazil [Massena Colli], E. Wilson, Esq. HP.]. 
b. $ ad. sk. Brazil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad.sk. Brazil. 
Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. 
Baron Laugier's Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
/, g. Ad. sk. Mapiri, Bolivia (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

h, i. Ad. sk. Peru (Tschudi). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

k, I $ ad. et ad. 'Cosnipata, E. Peru, May, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

sk. Oct. {H. Whitely), 

m. 
<$ ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Peruvian AmaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
zons, July (E. Bartlett). 
n, o. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador [Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

p. 
Ad. sk. Vicinity of Bogota, New Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Granada (Bowman). 
q. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Bogota, New Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Granada (Trilbner). 
r. 
Ad. sk. Anolaima, W. slope of E. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Cordillera, Colombia (T. 
H. Wheeler). 
s. Ad. sk. U.S. of Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. New Granada. Purchased. 
u. $ ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (T. K. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
326 
COLTJMBIB.E. 

r, ic. $ ad. et ad. Itio Capim, Para, Luwer Sal\ in-Godman Cull. 
sk. Amazonb ( Wallace). 
x-a'. <$ 2 ad. sk. Carimansr River. Jan., Feb., Salvin-Godman Coll. 
May, Dec. (WhitelyU 
b'', c, d''. $ ad. et Camacusa, Brit. Guiana, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. April, May ( WMtehj). 
e ,f. S ad. sk. Rorahna, Brit. Guiana, Jan., Salvin-Godman Coll. 
April ( llldtely). 
y'-k'* 6 ? ad.sk. Bartica Grove, Brit Guiana, Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
Dec, Jan. ( Wkltehj). ^ 

f. 
g ad. Ourumle, Brit. Guiana, Nov. Salvin-Godman Cull. 
{Wkitehj). 
5S. Coliimba subvioaeea. 

Chloroenas rufina, Sclat. (nee Temm.) P. Z. S. l*oiJ, p. 147 (Pallatanga), 
ISb'O, p. 97 (Nanegalj. 
Chlorotinas subvinacea, Lairr. Ami. Lye. X. J', ix. p. 15**3 flSlW) 
(Dota, CVta Rica); Sah\ Ibis, lnl&, p. 317 ; Fmnfz. J. f. 0. H'% 

p. 371; 6?. P. Or. IIand-l*t, ii. p. iW, u. Hi>7^ {WO/; 6-7M. 
27/e.v\ Orn. i. p. GUO ( WL'); IluicL Orn. Mi*e. iii. p. 7">t pi. xcL 
(pt. xiL, le*7^). 
Tulumba subvinacea, Salt, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 217 { YViwiih); Bektt. 6f 
tiali\ XomeneL Av. Xrofrop. p. 1-12. n. lt> (WJjt; Boucard, 1\ Z. $. 
W8 , p. 44)! Cteta Rica); &>laf. £ SaJr. P. Z. S. 1 <Uf p, :>4:l (Kt-medios); 
Vito-/. ^ 7«r2. P. X. #. 1 ?**:}, p. 574 (var., W. Ecuador); 
Tacz. if Berl. l\ Z. *V. lfc*3T p. 1*2:}; Zelt*hn, Ami. Mm. Xac. 
Costa llica, LS&7, p. 127, n. <0M I Costa Rirai. 

Chlorcbnas vinacea, Gteb. Thes, Gnu i. p. 7o2 (part.) (Ib72); ? lY**1::. 

P. Z. #. 18bi>, p. 4b (Huambo, X.E. Peru). 
./id ^ w«7*. Head, Beck, and under plumage li^ht purplish vinaeeous, 
the throat paler, the under tail-coverts darker ; back, rump, 
and upper wing-coverts brownish cinnamon ; quilLs dark brown, 
with narrow pale outer edges, and with the under surface of the 
inner webs dull pale cinnamon to near their ends ; tinder wing-
coverts purplish vinaceons, like the under plumage, but with a 
cinnamon tinge; tail and upper tail-coverts fine chocolate-brown : 
bill black; feet yellow in dry skins. Total length about 12-75 
inches, wing 6*5, tail 5, bill 0*52, tarsus 0*0. 

Female. Similar to the male, but, according to Mr. Lawrence, is 
a little smaller, and differs in being less vinaceons on the lower part 
of the hind neck and abdomen, where it is brownish cinnamon. 

Hob, Costa Rica, Yeragua, Columbia, and Ecuador. 

Some specimens show traces of light spots on the lower hind 
neck. A specimen from Ilemedios is darker than the others, and 
another from Balzar Mountains, W. Ecuador, is very small—wing 
5 inches 1 

a,b. <? J ad. sk. Barranca, Costa Rica, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(J*. Carmiol), 

c. $ ad. sk. San Jose, Costa Eica (J. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Carmiol). 
d. Ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arm), Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3 . KESCENAS. 327 
e. J ad. sk. 
/ . tf ad.sk. 
Calovevora, Yeragua (Arce). 
EemedioSj U.S. of Colombia 
[T.K. Salmon), 
Salvin-Goduian Coll. 
Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
g. Ad. sk. 
A. Ad. sk. 
'Sew Granada. 
Caraccas, Venezuela. 
Purchased. 
Dyson Coll. 
i. Ad. sk. 
ft. Ad. sk. 
J. Ad. sk. 
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). 
Munji, Ecuador (Buckley).
Balzar Mountains, Ecuador 
Eyton Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Illingtcortk). 
m. Ad. sk. 
/*. Ad. sk. 
Quito, Ecuador (Higgins). 
Ecuador. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3. FESCENAS. 
Type. ^ 
Trocar, Shell {nee. Bp.) Ibis, 1888, p. 281 N. mayeri. 
X escenas, Salcad. MS. N. mayeri. 

Range. Confined to Mauritius. 

1. ETesoenas mayeri. 
Columba mayeri, Marchal, Mus. Marchal', Prev. §• Snip, Fig. ii. 
pi. GO (1843).^ 
Columba nie^eri, SeMeq. £f Pollen, Feck. Faun. Madag. p. Ill, pi. 36 
(18*18); Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 747 (1872); Marti Vdg. Madag. 

p. 20-3 (1877). 
Carpophapra meyeri, G. F. Gr. fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 45 (1854). 
Peribtera mayeri, G. F. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. 24 (1849). 
Trocaza meyeri, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 45 (1854); id. Compt. Fend. 
xixix. pi 1104 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 128 (1855); id. Coup cFceil 
Ordre Pig. pp. 20, 56, n. 128 (1855); Hartl. Orn. Beitr. Faun. 
Madag. p. 06 (1861); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 54 (1862), ii. p. 168, 
Novit. SuppL t. ii. f. 19 (1862); G. F. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 233, 

n. 9251 (1870); Sousa, Mm. Nac. Ltsb. Columba3, p. 12 (1873) ; 
Shell Ibis, 1883, p. 281. 
Trocaza meijeri, Foil N. T. D. L p. 318 (1863). 

Adult. Head, neck, mantle, and underparts pale pink, fading 
into whitish, towards the forehead, cheeks, and upper throat, and 
passing Into rather darker pink on the mantle; remainder of the 
upper hack and the entire wings hrown, with a slight shade of olive 
and rufous ; lower back and rump greyish, the latter mottled with 
chestnut; upper tail-coverts and tail cinnamon, the outer tail-
feathers fade into buff on the outer webs and towards the tips; 
under tail-coverts pink, like the mantle ; under surface of the wings 
ashy brown, slightly paler on the axillaries and under wing-coverts: 
" iris yellow ; bill yellow, shaded with red towards the base ; legs 
red" (fide Shelley). Total length about 15*5 inches, wing 8*5, 
tail 6-9, bill 0-86, tarsus 1-3. 

Some specimens have a few brown feathers round the base of the 

bill and on the chin. 
Hab. Mauritius. 
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. c? ad. sk. 
Mauritius (Van Da?n). 
Mauritius. 
Mauritius. 
Shelley Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. 
Purchased. 

328 
C(>LrKBID.E. 

4. TUBTUK<E¥A. 
Type. 
Turtursena, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 45 (18-34) T. dele^orguei. 
Turturoena, Hartl Orn. W.-Afr. p. W4 (1*57). 
Peleicenas, Rchib. Tauben, i, p. 54 (13U2) (=Turtur


cena). 
Trizusa, Heine, Xomencl. Mas. Hein. Orn. p. 276 
(1890) (=Turturcena). 


Range. Prom Liberia on the west and Mount Elgon on the east 
to Xatal. 

Key to the Speoes. 

a. 
A crescentic livery-white band at the base 
of the hind neck of the males. 
a'. Crown, occiput, back, and sides of the neck 
glossed with metallic amethystine colour ; 
tail slate-black, with a narrow apical jrrey 
band; female without the »ih ery-w hite 
band at the ba^e of the hind neck delegorgvei, p. 328. 

V. 
Crown, occijut. back, and aide- of the neck 
glossed with metallic jrreen sharpei, p. 8*29. 
b. Xo crescentic «ihm -\% hite band at the ba«e of 
the neck of thp male*; bahe of the hind neck 
coppery amethystine. 
r'. Tail uniform slate-black incerta 2 f p- 380. 
d\ Tail more or less tinged with rufous. 

a". 
Tail with a broad yellow-buff apical band; 
male with the head and neck dark grey, 
breast and abdomen deep vinous; female 
more or le«s rufous on the posterior part 
of the head and neck; unclerparts bru wnprey 
iriditorquesi p. 330, 

V. 
General plumage grey, paler below; 
upper part of the head grey with 
amethystine reflections ; under tailcoxerts 
ochreous, tail dark prey above 
and with an ochreous tinge on the inner 
webs of the feathers malherbei, p. 331. 
1. Turtooeua delegorguei. (Plate IX. figs. 1, 2.) 
Coluinba delegorgruei, Delegorgu€} Toy. Afr. Aimtr. ii. p. 015 (Port 
Xatal) (1847); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. iii. App. p. L>3 (1849); Tern 
Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1851, p. 514; G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm, 
Columba?, p. 30 (1856) ; Gum. Ibis, 18(14, p. 354 (Xatal); Layard, 

B. S. Afr. p. 257 (1807) ; Gieb. The®. Orn. L p. 74:2 (lb72); 
Trisfr. Cat Coll. B. p. 37 (1881)). 
Columba Johanna?, Terr. MS. Mu$. PMIad. 1851, fide Bp, Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 45 (1854); id. Compf. Bend, xxxis. p. 1104 (ltt54); id. 
Coup d'osil Ordre Pig. p. 21 (1855). 

Turtur delegorguii, G. B. Gr.fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 40 (1854). 
Columba lunigera, G> B. Gr, MS. in Mm. Brit.fide Bp. Consp. Av. 

4. lURrUECEXA. 
320 

ii. p. 45 (1854) ; id. Compt Rend, xxxix. p. 1104 (1854); id. Coup 
(Tail Ordre Pig. p. 21 (1855). x 
Tnrturasna delegorgnii, 
Bp. Gmsp. Av. ii. p. 45 (1854); id. Compt 
Mend, xxxix. p. 1104 (1854), xl. p. 218, n. 129 (1855); id. Coup 
d'osil Ordre Pig. pp. 21, o6; n. 129 (1855) ; tiharpe, in LmjanVs B. 

S. Afr. p. 503 (18^4). 
Peleicenas delegorguei, lichnh. Tauben, i. p. 54 (1802). 
Turturoena delegorguei, G. R. Gr. Haad-lkL ii. p. 234, n. 9253 (1870) ; 
Shell. Ibis, 1&S3, p. 289. 

Adult male. Head and neck slate-colour, slightly paler towards 

the forehead and chin ; back of the head and back and sides of the 

neck very strongly glossed with metallic amethyst-lilac, with reflec


tions of green in certain lights ; across the upper mantle a broad 

crescentic white band : rest of the mantle and wings dark chestnut, 

the former with purple and green reflections; lower back, rump, 

and upper tail-coverts slate-black; lower part of the fore neck, 

breast, and upper part of the abdomen deep vinous, changing into 

dark slate-colour on the sides, vent, and under tail-coverts; the 

fore neck and crop-region with amethyst-lilac gloss; the lower 

breast and abdomen show very narrow lines or dottmgs; quills and 

primary-coverts slate-black, the former with narrow brown edges on 

the outer webs ; under surface of the wings slate-colour; tail slate-

black, with a narrow apical grey band, better defined below: " iris 

dark brown; bill ash; bare skin round the eye and also the tarsi 

and feet dark pink" (Ay res). Total length 11*5 inches, wing 7*3, 

tail 4*6, bill 0*7, tarsus\)*9. 

Female, Porehead and underparts grey, the latter with a slight 
brown tinge, produced by very fine brown freckles; crown, occiput, 
and nape rufous cinnamon with a golden-green gloss; lower part of 
the hind neck coppery, with green reflections; remainder of the 
upper parts slate-grey; the feathers of the back and the upper wing-
coverts have obsolete brown edges, wanting in fully adult birds ; 
under wing-coverts slate-black ; tail as in the male: " iris dull red; 
end portion of the bill yellow, basal portion dark purple; legs fleshcolour" 
(T. L. Ayres). Total length 11 inches, wing 6*3, tail 4*5, 
bill 0*62, tarsus 0-85. 

Hah. Natal, S.E. Africa. 

a. $ ad. sk. Port Natal, S. Africa. Purchased. (Type of 
C. lunigera, Gr.) 
b. O ad. sk. Durban (T. L. Ay res). Shelley Coll. 
2. Turturoeiia sharpei (Plate IX. fig. 3.) 
Head and neck. Similar to the head and neck of T. delegorguei, 
but the crown, occiput, back, and sides of the neck glossed with 
metallic green, instead of amethyst-lilac; forehead, cheeks, and 
throat dove- or lead-grey; below the nape a broad silvery-white 
band, formed by the tips of the feathers ; each feather before the 
white tip has a metallic-green narrow band; lower fore neck 

330 COLUMBID-J . 

vinous grey with green gloss: "bill in the dry skin bluish, with the 
tip lighter. Length of the culmen of the bill 0*05 inch. 
Hab. Mount Eigon (Jackson). 

a. Ad. Head & neck. Mount Elgon. F. J. Jackson, Esq. TV 
(Type of specfe&.j 
3. Turtnircena incerta. 
Female. Similar to the female of 1\ <lth<ju<*itfru but smaller, 
much more ruiou& on the head, neck, and underparts, and with the 
tail uniform slate-black, without the nanow apical grey band. 

Head, neck, and underparts ruftiib brown, paler grtyi^h on the 
forehead and throat; the underparts very minutely \ermicuiated; 
vent and under tail-coverts cinnamon ; the hind part of the head and 
occiput with coppery lustre; lower pait of the hind neck metallic-
coppery amethystine : rest ot the upper part* ^late-arty, with gre**n 
lustre on the interscapular region; wincrs underneath flate-gre} : bill 
in dry skin pale horny ; feet pale }<dlowi^h. Total length about 
0*2 inches, wing 5*7, tail 3*5, bill into, tardus 0*7. 

The type specimen is a bird which was* alne in the Zuoloirif 
Society *s Gardens; it has a exeat re>emblanee to the female oi 

T. irulitvrqius, but it differs in having the tail tntirely si ite-black, 
without any rufouh-brown tinge, and with no } ellowish-butf baud 
at the tip of the lateral feathers. 
Ilab. Unknown. 

a. $ ad. sk. Zool. Soc. Garden*. I Type of specie*.; 
4. Turturcena iriditorques. 
Turtura*na malherbii, Bp. (nee Terr.) Comp. ii. p. 46 (18*34) *; id. 
Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 104 (part.) (1854), xl. p. 21h, n. 13G 
(1855); id. Coup Jail Ordre Pig. pp. 20, 21, 30, n. 130 
(1855). ^ _ 

Columba iriditorques, Cass. Br. Ac. Xat. So. Philad. 1856, p. 254 
(St. Paul's River, iloonda River); Marti. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 267 
(1857); Cass. Br. Ac. Xat. Se. Philad. 1*59, p. 143(Camma); 
Bchnh. Tauben,Ti.y. 170(1802); SeMeg. MuL B.-B. Colambce, 

p. 60 (1873); id. Not. Lej/d. Mm. iii. p. 57 (Liberia) (lb81); 
Biittik. Not. Leyd. Mim. vii. p. 227 (IfcSo), Vm. p. 204 (Ib&U), x. 
p. 97 (1888), si. p. 135 (1889); id. Bembiid. aim Liber, pp. 423, 
476 (1890). 
Columba ckalcauchia, G. B. Gr. MSS.; id. Lid B. Brit Mm. 
Columte, p. SO (Gaboon) (1850). 
Turturaena chalcauchia, Bp, Cm/ipt. Bend, xliii. p. 837 (1858). 

* I have examined, in the Paris Museum, tbe bird described as T. malherhii, 
adult male, by Bonaparte, and it undoubtedly belongs to 21 iriditorques, which 
at the time -was not yet described; Bonaparte's description is inaccurate. 
4 . XUETURCEXA. 
381 

Columba malherbii, Hartl. (nee Verr.) Syst. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 199 
(ad.) (1857) ; Cass. Fr. Ac. Sat. JSc. Philad. 1859, p. 143 (Gamma 
River); Hartl. J. f. 0. 1861, p. 266; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 747 
(part.) (1872). 

Columba ehalcauchenia (G. R. Gr.), Hartl Syst. Orn. W.-Afr. 

p. 194 (iii syn. sp. 568) (1857). 
Turturcena chalcauchia, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, h. p. 234. n. 9255 
(1870). 
Turturoena iriditorques, G. R. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 234, n. 9256 (1870); 
Shell. Ibis, 1883, p. 291. 
Columba mallierbei, part, Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 747 (1872). 
Trizusa iriditorques, Heine $* Rchmo. Somenel. Mus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 276 (1890).^ 
Turturoena 
biittikoferi, Rehmo. Allgt deutsche Orn. Ges. zu Berlin, 
Bericht no. viii. p. 4 (1891); id. J.f. 0. 1891, pp. 373, 437 (J). 

Adult male. Head and upper part of the neck lead-grey; hind 

part of the head and neck glossed with green, and with amethystine 

reflections; lower hind neck coppery, with amethystine reflections; 

rest of the upper parts slate-grey, with the feathers of the mantle 

edged with metallic green; lower throat, crop-region, breast, and 

abdomen vinous; under tail-coverts vinous cinnamon; under 

«-»iti|ace of the wings slate-grey ; tail slate-grey, the two central 

leathers uniform, the lateral ones with a broad yellowish-buff 

band at the tip, and with the inner webs tinged with brown ; 

tail below brown, rufous towards the base, and with a broad buff 

apical band: u iris pale rose-colour; bill blue at the base, with 

horny-yellow point; feet flesh-colour" (B'dttikofer). Total length 

about 10 inches, wing 6-6, tail 4*2, bill 0*6, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Anterior part of the head greyish, posterior part and 

hind neck rufous, with green and amethyst reflections; lower hind 

neck coppery r?d with amethystine reflections ; rest of the upper parts 

slate-grey; under surface brown-grey, with narrow vermiculations, on 

the crop-region an amethystine gloss; under tail-coverts cinnamon; 

wings and tail as in the male, the latter deeper rufous on the apical 

band and on the inner webs of the feathers *. 

Hob. W. Africa, from Gaboon to Liberia. 

a. c? ad. sk. Gaboon. Purchased. 
(Type of C. chalcauchia, G. E. Gr.) 
b. 5 ad. sk. Gaboon. " Bouvier Coll. 
e. $?'a<L sk. Abouri, Gold Coast (H. T. Shelley Coll. 
Ussher). 
5. Turturcena malherbei^ 
Columba malherbii, 
Verr. Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1851, p. 514 (5 ?) 
(Gaboon!); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 30 (1856); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 747 (part.) (1872). 

4 
, 

* Captain Shelley's description (I. c.) applies only to the female of this 
species. .» ,' 
332 COLUMBLILE. 

Peleicenas malherbii, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 54 (1882), ii. p. 168 

(1862). 
Peleccenas (errore) malherbii, Harth J. f. 0. 1881, p. 266. 
Columba ?, Esulem. X. T. B. i:i. p. 8l»-3 (1866) (Prince's 

Wand). 

Columba chlorophsea, Hartl. P. Z. S. 1^ U3, p. 320 (Prince's Hand) 
(tvpe examined); G. B. Gr. JEfr-/?</-/^f. ii. p. 232. n. 9240 (1870); 
Shell. Ibis, 1^3, p. 273 (t ar. of C. Una h. 

Turturcena, sp.!-. Bucage.Jijrn. At. Li.sh. 18**9. p. 144 (St. Thomas' 
Handi: *tf. J", f. O. 1876, p. :JL"> \^t. Thome); bousa, Jam. Ac. 
Li*h. xii. p. 1~>3 a^J, 

Turturcrna cbloropb&a, Br rage, 1, c. p. 33^ <l^t>£4); >SW*ff. 31 us. 
Xac. Li<b. Culumb e. p. 12 (1^73). 

Turturcena malherbii. G. B. Gr. Ua/uJ-Ud, ii, p. 234, n. i>2-~4 11^70); 
Shell J/j'>, lKH>3,p. 2*.'l (*vn. emnnd.) ; But mi** Jura. Ac. LiJj. 
Ail p. ^1 (1—7) (St. Thoxne). pp. 213, 232 H---J. 

Turtur chloropbeus Giab, Tki*. Orn. ni. p. 72t] |W7). 
Turturcena iriditurque*, part, Mall. IfA*, lHHi, p. 2U1 (St. Thomas 
only}. 
Columbi iriditwrque% Soifm {IIPP Cam.), Jora. Li*h. xii. pp. L"3, L18 
(St. Thome) (ls^). 

The r^/?/7f ma?/* is unknown to me; the on*1 described as such by 
Bonaparte turns out to be a specimen of T. irlfitor*j>rtit. 

Adi'lt fthiale. Upper part*, or back, win.:*, and tail, slate-black 
with metallic-green lustre; forehead, throat, and underparfs lead-
grey ; crown, occiput, hind neck, and aJ>o the sides ot the neck 
metallic preen with aniethy.vt reflection % also the cheeks and the 
erop-reg;on with golden amethyst reflections; under tail-coverts 
oehreous rufous ; quills and tail slate-colour, the latter with an ochreous 
tinge underneath, especially on the inner web of the feathers; 
under wing-coverts slate-colour:u iris pale grey, bill grey, les^s red " 
(Keuhmam). Total length about 11 inches, wing 7, tail 4*5, 
bill 07 , tarsus 0*9. 

The type of C. ckhroplum*, a female, is similar to the bird 
described above as adult female, but has the amethyst colour on the 
neck not so bright, and entirely absent on the cheeks. 

Tovnr/(T). Similar to the adult female, but has a slight oehreous 
tinge on the grey of the underparts. 
Jiah. Prince Island and St. Thomas Island. 

a. Ad. sk. [Gaboon.] Terreaux Coll. 
(Probable type of species.) 
b. 5 ad. sk. St. Thomas (F. Newton). Prof. Socage [P.]. 
* I have to thank Dr. Hartlaub and the authorities of the Stettin Museum 
for the loan of this specimen. 
5 . TtratACCEiU. 
338 

Subfamily II. MACROPYGIIN.ZE. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. Bill moderate. 
a'. Tail not much graduated, the outer 
tail-feathers being much longer 
than half the tail; general colour 
slate 5. TURACCENA, p. 333. 


V. Tail much graduated, the outer tail-
feathers less than half the tail; 
general colour rufous, chestnut, or 
cinnamon 6. MACBOPYGIA, p. 335. 
b. Bill very thick and almost hooked at 
the tip ; tail much graduated. 
c'. Head without crest 7. REINWARDTCENAS, p. 365. 
6!. Head with an occipital crest 8. CORYPHCENAS, p. 368. 

5. 
TUEACCEKA. 
Type. 
Turaccena, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 58 (1854) T. menadensis. 
Haploenas, Heine, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 278 
(1890) ( = Turaccena, Bp.). 


Range. Celebes and Timor. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Slate-black, with the face and throat -white menadensis, p. 333. 
b. Uniform slate-colour, with no white on the face 
and throat modesta, p. 334. 
1. Turaccena menadensis. 
Columba manadensis, Quoy fy Gaim. Toy. de PAstrol i. p. 248, 
pL 30 (Menado) (1830); Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 73 
(1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 289 (1838); Knip 8f Prev. Big. ii. 
pi. 46 (1838-43). 

Macropygia 
manadensis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 8 (1844); 
Rchnb. Syn. Av. ft 1403-4 (1847); Q. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. 
Columb*, p. 40 (1856); Schleg. Mus. B.-B. Columb®, p. 106 
(1873) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 518 (1875); Rosenb. Malay. Archip. 

p. 275 (1878); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (1889). 
Turaccena manadensis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii, p. 58 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1112 (1854), xl. p. 219, n. 169 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 28, 51, n. 169 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. 

p. 89, t. 252. ff. 1403-4 (1862); 
Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 390; id. 
J. f. O. 1866, p. 283; G. R. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 237, n. 9307 
(1870); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Oolumbse, p. 15 (1873); Lem, 
J.f. 0.1877, p. 370; Wardl Rams. Ibis, 1890, p. 243. 
Turaccena menadensis, 
Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 345 (Sula Is.); Wald. 
Tr. ZooL Soc. viii. p. ^5 (1872); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vix. 

334 
COLOTBIDX. 

p. 673 (1875); Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 137: Guittem. P. Z. S. 1885, 
p. 558; Bias. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. iii. p. 308 (lb8o), iv. pp. 137, 208 
(1886). 
Turtur manadensis, ScMeg. Be Dierent. p. 206 (1864). 
Macropvgia menadensis, Briiggem. Abh. not. Ver. Brem. v. p. 87 

(1876). 
pTuraccena menadensis, var. major, Bias. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. iii. 
pp. 309, 310 (1885). 
Haplrenas manadensis, Hein. # Behnc. NomeneL Mvs. Kein. Orn. 

p. 278 (1890). 
Adult. Eront part of the head, cheeks, and throat white; occiput, 
neck, and breast metallic golden green, base of the feathers slate-
black; back, wings, tail, abdomen, and under tail-coverts slate-
black, the feathers of the back and the wing-coverts with shining 
dark blue edges : u bill and feet black; orbits bare, red " ( Wallace), 
"iris m&" {Platen). Total length about 16 inches, wing 8, tail 
7*4, biH 8*75, tarsus 0*92. 
Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat smaller. 

Yomuj. The nape, instead of being green, has steel-blue and 
violet reflections; the feathers of the breast and abdomen have pale 
brow n edgings. 
Hah. Celebes, with the Toj>ian and Sula Islands 
Specimens from the Sula Island** are smaller. 

a. Ad. sk. Celebes (Jfrmena Coll.). E. \ViKonT E«q. r P. . 
b. Ad. sk. 
c, d. Ad. sk. 
Celebes (Leyden Mu*.). 
Celebes ( Wallace}. 
Siriun-ftodman Coll. 
SVtbuhm Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. X. Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
/ . Ad. 4*. 
g, k. Ad. sk. 
i, k. $ ad. et 
M^nado, X. Celebris ( Wallace). 
Meiiado, X. Celebes. 
Makassar. 
(•could i \J11. 
Hume Cull. 
Wallace Coll. 
imm. sk. 
1 Ad. sk. Makassar (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
in. (S ad. fk. Makassar ( Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
n7 o. Ad. et Sula Is. Wallace Coll. 
imm. sk. 
p, q. Ad. &k. Sula Is. (Wallace). Salvin-Godraan Coll. 
r. Ad. sir. 
s. Skeleton. 
Sula K ( Wallace). 
Menado,X. Celebes. 
Tweeddale Cull. 
Dr. A.B.MeyerTI]. 

2. Tuxacoeiia modesta. 
Columba modesta, Temm. PL Col 552 (livr. 93,1835) (Timor); Less. 
CompL de Buff.7 Ois. viii. p. 72 (1837); id. op. eit. 2nd ed. p. 289 
(1838); Knip $ Priv. Pig. ii. pi. 31 (1838-43); S. Mull. Verh. 
Land-en Volhenh. p. 154 (1839-44). 

Macropvgia modesta, G. M. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 0 (1844); 
 *Rchnb. Sgn. Av. 1. 1401 (1847); Q. JR. Gr. List B. Brit Mm. 
Columbaa, p. 40 (1856); ScMeg. Mm. P.-B. Columbae, p. 107 
(1873) (Timor and Wetter); Gieh. Thm. Orn. ii. p. 518 (1875). 

Turacoena 
modesta, Bp. Ccmsp. Av. ii. p. 59 (1854); id. Compf. 
Bend, xxxix. p. 1112 (1854), xl. p. 219, n. 170 (1855); id. Gmtp 
tfceil Ordre Pig. pp. 28,57, n. 170 (1855); Rehnb. Tauben, L p. 89, 

0. MACROPYGIA. 
335 

t. 252. f. 1401 (1862); Wall P. Z. S.1863, p. 486; id. Ibis, 186-5, 
p. 391; id. J. f. 0. 1866, p. 283; Q. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 237, 
n. 9308 (1870) ; Wardl Mains. Ibis, 1890, p. 246; Hartert, Eat. 
Togehamml. p. 185 (1891). 
Turtur modestns, 8eMeg.De Dierent. p. 206 (1864). 
Hapicenas niodesta, Hein. fy JRchnw. Nomencl Mus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 278 (1890). 
Adult male. Slate-colour, -with reflections of golden green and 
lilac on the hind head, nape, mantle, and also all round the neck, 
although in front less than behind: " iris brick-red, with an inner 
tinge of yellow; orbits yellow; bill and feet black" (Wallace). 
Total length about 15 inches, wing 8, tail 7*75, bill 0*75, tarsus 0*95. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Hah. Timor. 
a. Ad. sk. Timor. J. B. Jakes, Esq. [P.]. 
b, c, d. <$ ad. et E. Timor. Wallace CoU. 
ad. sk. 
e,f* Ad. sk. Timor ( Wallace), Gould Coll. 

6. XACBQFYGIA. 
Type. 

Macropygia, Sio. Class. B. ii. p. 348 (1837) M. phasianella. 

Coccyzura, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. xii. p. 937 (1843) .. M. tusalia. 

Coccyxura, Hodgs. in Grays ZooL Jfee.p. 85 (1844). 

Of. Wardlaw Itamszg, Ibis, 1890, pp. 214-246. 

Mange. Oriental and Australian Begions, from JTepal on the 
north-west to the 2Tew Hebrides on the east, and the Australian 
continent on the south. 

Keg to the Species *. 

a. 
Outer tail-feathers grey, at least on the outer web • 
upper parts conspicuously barred. 
a'. 
General colour of the upper parts darker, purple-
chestnut : larger, wmg 7 to 7*5 inches; 
tail constantly barred tusalia, p. 338. 


* MACEOPYGIA? MACBOURA. 
Tourterelle a large queue du Senegal, B* Anient PL Enl. 329. 
Tourocco, Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. ii. p. 553 (Senegal, Adamon) (1771). 
Columba macerona (errore pro maeroura), MiiU. S. N. Suppl. p. 134, n. 43 

(1776) {ex PL Enl 329); Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. So. Philad. 1864, p. 243. 
Greafc-tailed Turtle, Lath Svn. ii. 2, p. 667, a. 66(1783). 
Columba maeroura, Gm. 8."N. i. p. 790, n. 71 (1788); Lath. 2nd. Orn. ii. 

p. 615, n.76 (1790); Bonn. Tahl Enc. Mitk p 255 (1790); Temm. Pig.
et Gallic i pp. 344, 485 (1813) (Ceylon); Vieill. N. J), xxvi. p. 388 
(1818); Steph. Gen. ZooL xi. p. 91 (1819); Besm. Diet. 8c. Nat. xl. p. 377 
(1836); WagL Syst. An. Columba, sp. 37 (1827); Mb. Nat. Libr., Pigeons, 
p. 120 (1835); Less. OompL de Buff., Ois. via. p. 67 (1837); id. op. cit 
2nd ed. p. 287 (1838); Wald. P. Z. S.1872, p. 466; Wardl. Bams. Ibis, 
1890, p. 216. 
Macropygia maerura, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 4 (1844); Rchnb. San. 
Av. I 1399 ($x D'Aubenfon) (1847); Bp. Oonsp. Av. ii. p. 57 (1854) {id. 

336 
COLUMBIA. 

b\ Transverse bars of the tail In some specimens 
clearly obsolete swinkoei, p. 340. 

c'. General colour of the upper parts more rufous 
with the barring broader : smaller, wing- b**o 'p. 340. 
to 7 inches hptogrammica, 

b. 
Outer tail-feathers rufous with no erey. 
d'. Breast-feathers normal, not bifurcated. 
a". Central tail-feathers uniform, nut barred. 
a". Wing more than (5 inched. 
#4. Upper parts earthy brown ab n e, barred 
beneath ; no metallic colour*, or 
scarcely any, on the nape. 


a'\ 
Upper parts dark brow n, with darker 
ami lighter bars ; head not uniform 
with the back. 

«c. Head rufous cinnanu tn, almost uniform 
in the adult bird* magna, p. 342. 
b9. Head dark hi own, the feather^ 'p. £42. 
tipped with whitish buff or ruf«m-*. timorlaoensis, 
b5» Upper parts moiteH-brown, with no 
barrings; head uniform with the 'p. 343. 
back . marmsarien&tSj 

bl. General plumaee pale cinnamon, with 
the edfrexjf the iVatW* de^-reli minion, 
th^ upp<-rpart> mh.ut*dv irwid* d 
with brown; quilK almost **!tiivly 
rufou^j both un the HUIK* and <»ut*— "p. 314. 
web*j cinmmomeu, 

c\ Upper parts d*irk eb^-timt-bi'Hwn, 
c5. Inn^r webs of the quills, w^p t at the 
tip, almost entirely rufous cinnamon, rujlpimiu, p. 344. 

cP. Inner webs of the quills with narrow 
rufoii>~cinnanioii edir^ or aim st 
uniform. 

c*. 
Prevailing c dour of th* plumage 
almost uniform chestnut or cinnamon 
rufous, but somewhat litrhter 
on the underparK 

a. 
Underparts bright cinnamon, 
with an amethyst tinge on the 
brea*t. 
Compt Bench xxxk. p. 1112 <1S54). \l. p. 211"*, n. IfiG <!*&>); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 2^, 57, n. 100 (18X3); R* hnh. Ttinhm, i, p. S7, t. 231. 

f. 1349 (1802); Wall. Ibis, 1805, p. 39U ; id. J. f. 0. lNiO, p. 2R3; G. It 
Gr. Band-list, n. p. 237. n. mm (1870); Bdisw. P. Z. >S*. 1872, p. 406; 
Gieh. Thes. Oni. ii. p. 517 (1675); Legge, B. of Ceyl. p.69U (1880). 
Upper parts uniform cinnamon ; breast reddish vinous, remainder of underparts 
reddish white; lateral tail-feathers tipped with white: bill and feet reel. 
Length of the tail 0 inches. 

Hab. Senegal (Adanson); Ceylon (?) (Levaillant, Temuim*k). 

This bird has not yet been identified ; according to Waaler it is the same as, 
or very nearly allied to, M. phadanclta. Wardlaw Ram*ay says that the name 
of M. macroura had been given in the British Museum to specimens of M. amboinenm 
(Linn.). 

6. ilACBOPYGIA. 
337 

aq. Upper surface of the tail, like 
the back, dark chestnut with 
a purplish tinge tenuirostrisf^. 346. 

bs. Upper surface of the tail, like 
the hack, rufous cinnamon ; 
inner web of the quills broadly 
edged with rufous cinnamon. 

aQ. Smaller and lighter; wing 
6*7 to 7 inches emilianai p. 347. 

W. Larger, darker, and brighter; 
wing 7*3 inches modiglianii, p. 349. 
b1. Underparts paler and duller 
cinnamon rufous; upper surface 
of the tail rufous brown, paler 
and duller than in the three 
preceding species phasianella, p. 349. 

d&. Upper parts dark chestnut; lower 
parts, especially the lower breast 
and abdomen, much paler, of a 
buff colour. 

e. 
Underparts more or less conspicuously 
barred. 
cH. Breast not very conspicuously 
vinous. 
c\ Head and cheeks rufous, 
with no greyish, but with 
a vinous tinge; barrings of 
the underparts almost confined 
to the breast ambolnensis, p.351. 

d?. Head vinous grey; barrings 
of the underparts extended 
to the abdomen keiensk, p. 352. 

*r\ Head whitish buflt 
on the 
forehead. 
a10. Crown and occiput greyish 
rufous. 
a11. Smaller, wing 6*1 to 
6-6 inches; paler above, albicapitla, p. 353. 

b11 

. Larger, wing 7 inches; 
darker above and more [p. 354boldly 
barred below.. sanghirentis, 

b10 

. Crown, occiput, and nape 
conspicuously cinereous, 
with metallic-green reflections. 
maforemis, p. 355. 

ds. Breast conspicuously vinous. 
f*. Crown and occiput vinous, 
with a slight wash of grey, doreya, p. 355. 
g*. Crown and occiput cinereous, 
with no vinous tinge, cinereiceps, p. 357. 
d7. Underparts with no barrings, 
or very slightly indicated. 
es. Crown, occiput, and nape with 
a cinereous shade griseinuchaf p. 357. 
f*. Crown and occiput rufous, with 
a slight vinous tinge. 
VOL. xxi. a 

338 
CGLOIB1D2E. 

h9. Forehead, cheeks, and throat 'p. 357. 
pale cinnamon batdiia/ieniis, 

v>. Forehead pale greyish rufous 
; cheeks rufous -with a 
vinous tinge goldiei. p. 358, 

f. 
Forehead, cheeks, and throat 
huff, the throat almost 
white; abdomen very pale 
huff carteretia, p. 359, 
b'". TVing about fro inches rujiceps, p. 360. 
b". Centraftail-feathers and also the ramp conspicuously 
barred aiyrirostris, p. 381. 
e'. Breast-feathers bifurcated. 
c '. General coluur bright cinnamon ; tips of the [p. 363. 
tail-feathers also cinnamon beneath n/fo-castanea, 
d". General colour dull brown-cinnamon; of the 
tail-feathers greyish brown beneath rufa^ p. 363. 

1. Hacropygia tnsalia. 
Coccvzura tusalia, Ifodt/a. in Blyth, J. A. S. B, xii. p. 937, note 
(1*43); G. It Gr^ltand-lisU it p. 237, n. U30.1 (part.) (1870); 
Htin. cV licitnv\ Nomenel. J/>/*. lit in. (>rn. p. 27K H^fK)). 

rolumba (Macropyda) tu-alia, Bhjtk, I e. p, lO) (1-43). 
Coccyx lira tu-alia, Ilodyf. in Gray* Zt,ul. 3/Av. p. So, n. &\% (1844), 
Maerop vjria lt*pto$rrammica, Blyth (/iec Temm.\,J.A. X.B.xiv. p.869 


1^5); id. Aim, cV Mag. X H, six. p. 17i» (1^47) ; id. Cat. B. 
Mus. A. *V. B. p. 235/n. 1424 (1*49); O. It Gr. Gen. B. App. 

p. 23 (lfe49i; Wald. 2bl% 1873, p. 31o ; frhlrg. Mm. P.-B. Columbia 
p. 107 (part) (18731; Wald, (nee Ttmm.) Ibis, 1875t p.459 
(Karen HiuXTonghoo): TuwM.Om. Worh^ ip. M7 (Ihbl); Oates, 
B. Brit Burnt, ii. p. 2iJ3 (18*31. 
Macropvsia 
tusalia, Cab., Jide Bp. Cmwp. Av. ii. p. 58 (1854); id. 
Compt.Mend, xxxix. p. 1112 (1854), xl. p. 219, n. 167 (1855); id. 
Coup d?ml Ordre Fly. pp. 28, 37, n. 107 (1855); G. It Gr. LniB. 
Brit. M.us. Columbw, p. 40 (1858); Bchib. Tauben, I p. 88 (1862); 
Jerd. B. of Lid. iii. p. 473 (PYD. emend.) (1804); Wall. Bis, 1865, 

p. 31)0; ?V. J", f. 0.1800, p. 2b3 ; 4r Z?ariW, X. ^IrcA. rf« Mm., BtdL 
vii., CW. n. 343 (1871) (Moupin); JE7KW, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 666; 
Hume. Xests fy Ff/r/st iii. p. 500 (1S73); Gieb. The*. Orn. ii. p. 518 
(part.) (1875); Wald. in Blytlt* B. Burm. p. 140 (1875); Wardl 
Mains. Ibis, 1877, p. 4tJ8: Svme <x Davis. Sir. Feafk. vi. p. 419 
(1878) (Tena^erim) j Enme, Sir. Feafk liii. p. 110 (1879); Salv. 
Cat B: StrirkL Coll. p. 547 (1882); Hume, 8*r. Feath. xi. p. 297 
(1888); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 39 (part.) (1880); Wardl. Bams. 
Ms, 1890, p. 217. 
CoccTzura leptograinmica, Damd %> Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 382 (part.) 
(1877). 

Adult male. Eorehead, chin, and throat vinaceous "buff; crown, 
occiput, nape, mantle, and sides of the neck shining metallic green, 
with purple or bronze reflections according to light; back, rump, 
wings, wing- and upper tail-coverts with irregular black and purple 
chestnut bars ; lower throat, crop-region, and breast greyish vinous, 
the crop-region with golden green or bronze reflections, and more or 
less with blackish bars, sometimes evanescent; flanks and axillaries 

6. MACBOPYGIA. 
vinous slate-grey; abdomen and under tail-coverts buff; quills 
brown; under wing-coverts with, black and chestnut bars ; two 
central pairs of rectrices barred with black and vinous chestnut; 
third pair reddish brown, with a broad slate-grey bar about the 
middle and narrow blackish bars towards the tip and at the base of 
the outer web, the three outer pairs slaty grey with a broad black 
bar, and a chestnut spot on the inner web of the outermost: " iris 
white, surrounded by a rim of pale lilac; orbital skin grey, with an 
inner rim of purple; bill blackish ; legs purplish pink " ( W. Ram-
say). Total length 15*5 inches, wing 7*5, tail 7*5 to 8, bill 0*65, 
tarsus 0*85. 

Female. Similar to the male on the upper parts, but somewhat 
duller; underparts buff, more rufous on the crop-region, and barred, 
except on the throat, middle of the abdomen, and under tail-
coverts, with brown-black; the crop-region has metallic-green 
reflections. 

Young. The head is transversely barred above, either with or 
without indications of metallic colour according to age; the plumage 
is more rufous beneath, especially on the breast, which, 
together with the throat, shows broad black crescentic bars; the 
chestnut spot on the outer tail-feathers is brighter, and the tail-
feathers are tipped with rufous. 

Hah. Northern India (as far west as Nepal), Assam, Munipur, 

and Tenasserim; it is also known from Lloupin, 

a. 2 ad. sk. [Celebes.] Leyden Museum [P.]. 
b. 6 ad. sk. Simla. Hume Coll. 
c. J ad. sk. Kumaon (Strackey). India Museum [P.1 
d~l S 2 ad. sk. Nepal (Hodgson). India Museum [P.J. 
k-p. d 2 ad. et Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
$ imm. sk. [P.]. (Types of 
species.) 
q, r, s. d S a<i-Native Sikhim, Jan.-June, Hume Coll. 
Aug. (L. Mandelli). 
t-n'.' S 2 ad. et Sikhim, Jan.-June, Oct.-Hume Coll. 
juv. sk. Dec. (L. Mandelli). 
o\ 2 ad.sk-Sikhim, Beo.'^Z. MandeUi). Seebohm Coll. 
p'. $ ad. sk. 

Sikhini,Nov. (Z.Mandelli). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q'. J ad. sk. Darjeeling (A.Grote). Gould Coll. 
Darjeeling. Tweeddale Coll. 

r\ 6 ad. sk. 

s'~y'. 6 2 ad. et Darjeeling, Feb., Dec. Hume Coll. 
juv. sk. 

Seebohm Coll. 

s'-e". <$ 2 ad. et Darjeeling. 
2 juv. sk. 

Darjeeling, 4000 feet, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 

d". S ad. sk. 

{H. J. JShves). 
«",/". cJ ad. et Mongphoo, near Darjeeling. Hume Coll. 
$ juv. sk. 
g''. (S ad. sk. Bhotan Doars, April (X. Hume Coll. 

MandeUi). 

h". 2 ad. sk. Assam. J.M.Foster,Esq[.[P.]. 

i", &". 2 ad. sk. Dibrughur, Feb., May (J*. Hume Coll. 

It. Cripps). 

z2 

COLTTMBID-E. 

340 

, m" Khasia Hills (G=ri^^). India Museum "F.\

v\

ad. sk. 
2s. Khasia Hills, Feb. Tweeddale Coll. 


o" J ginim. 

sk. (A. F*. Chennell). 
r N. Cachar (H. JH. Godicm-TVeeddale Coll. 


. ? ad. sk. 

Austen). 

Manipur, April, May M . Hume Coll. 
sk. 0. JET.). 


wKaren Hills, April (JR. 6-'. Tweeddale Cull. 

1'. (S ad. sk. 


2' . s ad. sk. Karen Xee, March (i2. <?. Tweeddale Coll. 
ir.i?.). 

Tweeddale Coll. 

'. <J ad. fck. Tonsrhoo Hills, April (22. 

y' 

•£ IF. I?.). 
Hume Coll. 

z"'• $ hum. sk. Kolli&uo, Feb. { W. Ban-
son), 

Hume Coll. 

a". 5 ad. sk. Mooleyit, Jan. {W. Bavison).


¥ , c3. 5 imm. "Java." Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

2. Macropygia swirihoei. 
Macropygia tu*alia, var. minor, tiicinh. Ili^ 1*70, p. ifoo tHainan). 
Coccvzura tusalia, part., G. It. Or. lland-lht, ii. p. l';i7, n. 9306 
(1870). 
Coccyzura minor, Sicink. P. Z. S. 1H71, p. #07 (Hainan); Daiid 4* 
Oust Out. Chin. p. 383 (1S77). 
ilacropyeria tasalia, part., Girb. The*. Qrn. ii. p. ."lb (1&7«3); Trkfn 
Cat 'Coll. B. p. 39 (part., Hainan) (1^0|. 
Macropygia swinhoii, IVardL Mams, Ibis, 1800, p. 218 (Hainan). 

" This is a Ten* dark race of M. timdia, which, so far as is known, 
is peculiar to the island of Hainan. The transverse bars on the 
tail are nearly obsolete in some specimens " ( Wcmllaw Ramsay), 
Size scarcely smaller than that of 2/. tvsalia. 


Eah. Hainan. 

af b. $ $ ad. sk. Hainan, Feb. (JR. Sm'nkoe). Seebohm Coll. {Types 
of Coccyzura minor, 
S winhu and of species.) 


c, d. <$ 2 a<3-« *&. Hainan, Feb. (P. Sicinkoe). Tweeddale Coll. 
*, / . 6 $ ad. sk. Hainan, Feb. E. Swinhoe, Esq. [C.]. 


3. Macropygia leptogrammica. 
? Columba phasianella. JUT., Temm. PL Col. (text of pi. 100, livr. 17. 
1824). 

? Columba unchall, Wagl * Hyd. Ac. Columba, sp. 58 (1827); Less. 
Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 68 (1837); id. op. cit 2nd ed. p. $88 
(1838V 

? Columba nuchali (sic), Selb. Nat. Zibr., Pigeons, p. 120 (1835). 

* I have very little doubt about the identity of C. ttnrhall and C. leptograwmica. 


6 . 1IACE0PYGIA.. 
341 

Oolumba leptograrnniiea, Temm. PI. Col. 560 (livr. 95, 1885) (Java 
and Sumatra); Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 69 (1837): id. 
op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 288 (1838). 

Macropvgia leptograrnniiea, G. R. Gr. List Gallince B. M. p. 11 
(1844): id. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 3 (1844),- Rchnb. 8yn. Av. 
I 1402 (1847); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 58 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xxxix. p. 1112 (1854), xl. p. 219, n. 168 (1855); id. Coup 
dosil Ordre Pig. pp. 28, 37, n. 168 (1855); G. R. Gr. List 

B. Brit. Mm, Columb®, p. 39 (1856); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 88, 
t 252. f. 1402 (1862); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 390 (W. Java): 
id. J.f.O. 1866, p. 282; Blyth, Ibis, 1870, p. 173 (Celebes!)! 
Wald. Tr. Zool 8oo. Vm. p. 8o (1872); id. Ibis, 1873, p. 315; 
Ehces, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 679 ; Schkg. Mus. P.-B. Colurabse, p. 107 
(part.) (1873J ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 517 (from Java and Sumatra 
only) (1875); ? Mat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 274 (Celebes!); Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 247 (1879) (Sumatra); Tweed. Orn. 
Works, p. 247 (1881); 8almd. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 151 (1882); 
? Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 451 (Celebes!) (1883); Vorderm. 
N. T. F. I. xlv. p. 398 (Java) (1885); Biittik. Not. Leyd. 
Mus. ix. p. 76 (Sumatra) (1886); Vorderm. N. T. N. I. xlix. 

p. 413 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (Java) (1889); Wardl. 
Rams. Ibis, 1890, p. 219 ; Hartert, Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 185 (1891) ; 
Vorderm. N. T. N. I li. p. 401 (Java) (1892). 
Coccyzura leptogrammica, Auct. fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 58 (1854); 

G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 237, n. 9305 (1870); Eein. § Rchnw. 
Nomencl. Mus. Eein. Orn. p. 278 (1890). 
Macropygia walik-mebra, Rehnb. Tauben, i. p. 86, n. 191 (1862) 
(Java), ii. p. 176, Novit. Suppl. t. iii. f. 29 (1862); Wall. Ibis, 
1865, p. 390; id. J.f.O. 1866, p. 283; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 518 
(1875). 

Turtur leptogrammicus, Schleg. He Bierent. p. 206 (1864). 
Macropygia walichsehra (sic), G. R. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 237, n. 9302 

(1870); Ehves, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 679. 
Macropygia, sp., Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 443 (Perak). 
Macropygia tusalia, Sharpe (nee Hodgs.), I. c. (Perak). 


Like M. tusalia, but smaller: wing 6-5 to 7 inches. 

Adult male. The barring of the upper surface is conspicuously 
broader and more rufous, especially on the tail, and the metallic 
colours less bright. The plumage is, perhaps, more rufous below, 
and the under tail-coverts generally, not always, cinnamon rufous 
rather than buff; the Javan male has the nape green with purple 
reflections, while the Sumatran male has the reverse, purple with 
green reflections; but the same variations are met in the Indian 

M. tusalia: " bill black; iris very narrow, yellow; eyelids red; 
feet red"(Wallace). 
Adult female. Similar to that of M. tusalia, but the sides and 
flanks decidedly more rufous. The head, neck, and mantle are 
barred brown and rufous like the rest of the upper surface; a slight 
tinge of purple on the head ; the feathers of the neck, mantle, and 
breast with transverse bars of golden brown, tipped metallic green, 
with purple reflections. 

Young. Much like the female, but with light bars on the hind 
neck and mantle pale buffy in place of rufous, and the metallic 
colours confined to the bars on the breast. 

342 
COLOCBID^:. 

Hal. The hills of Java and Sumatra, up to 7500 feet, and the 
Malay Peninsula, 

The only specimen from Perak enumerated "below is a male, and 
differs in the irregularity of the tail-bars, which are bent, instead 
of running straight across the tail; but similar individual variations 

occur also in allied species. 
a. S ad. sk. Hills of Larut, Perak. L. TVrav, Esq. "P.". 
b. $ ad. sk. Sumatra (Carl Bock). Salvin-Orodiuan Cull. 
c_^, g 2 ad. et juv.sk. Sumatra (Carl Bock). Tweeddale Cull. 
if k. S 9 ad. sk.' W. Java. Wallace Coll. 
1. $ ad. sk. "W. Java ( Wallace), Tweeddale Cull. 

4. ITacropygia magna. 
Macropygia maena, 
Wall. P. Z. S. 1S&3, p. 407 (Timor); iff. DA% 
186o,V 3S9 fid. J. f. O. IStfG, p. ±>:>; G. It fir. IIand-Ii\f, il 

p. 237, n. 9200 (1870); Sckleg. Mm. P.-B. CuIumliH', p. 10* 
(1873); Gieb. Thes. Cm. ii. p. 516 ^lb7o); Ward I. llamh. Ihisf 
1890, p. 239. 
Male, apparently adult. Head cinnamon-rufous ; nape and mantle 
minutely freckled and barred with dark brown and butt'; remainder 
of the upper surface brown, more or le^ clearly barred and tipped 
with rufous, especially on the wing-coverts; ben* till buif, <MIIvacuously 
barred with dark brown, the breast-feathers tippnl with 
paler; chin, throat, and lower tail-covert* more rufous and unbarred 
; under wing-coverts, asillaries. and inner part of the inner 
webs of the quills bright cinnamon-rufous; tail pale broiuj. two 
outer rectrices rufous, brighter at the base of the inner web*, and 
with a dark band on the inner web extending towards the base; 
"iris pale golden orange"(Forbes): "bill blackish; feet pale pink-
red"' (Wallace). Total length about 16 inches, wing 7*7, tail S*f3 
to 9, bill 0*8, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Similar to the male, but the feathers of the crown and 
occiput show some blackish bars. 

Young. More rufous above, the head mottled with black ; upper 
tail-coverts barred ; underparts rufous, the breast-feathers blackish 
with rufous edges; tail more rufous than in the adult bird. 
Hah. Timor. 

«, I, c. $ et juv. sk. E. Timor. Wallace Coll. (Types 

of specie?.] 
d} e. <j> ad. et juv. sk. E. Timor (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
/. $ juv. sk. Fatunabo, near Delhi, II. O. Forbes, Esq, 
Timor, 1700 feet, Jan. ;C.]. 

5. Hacropygia timorlaoeiisis. 
Macropygia, sp. inc., Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, pp.^51, 195, 200. 
Macropygia keiensis, Meyer (?iee Salvad.), Sitzh. w. Abh. Ges. Zmf 
1884 p. 52; Forbes, P. Z. S. 1884, p, 433; id. Natural. Wander. 

p. 366 (1885). 
6. MACROPYGIA. 
348 

Maeropvgia timorlaoensis, Meyer, Zeitschr.f.ges. Orn. 1884, p. 214 
(Timor Laut): Bilttik. Not. Leyd. Mus. viii.p. 46 (1886); Wardl. 
Sams. Ibis, 1890, p. 240 ; Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. 

p. 61 [Agg. Orn, Fap. e Mol. p. 187) (1891). 
Macropygia, sp., Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 39 (Timor Laut) (1889). 
Adult male. Upper part of the head dark brown, the feathers tipped 
with whitish buff or rufous ; nape and mantle barred with whitish 
buff and brown or dark metallic green ; rest of the upper surface pale 
hair-brown, freckled with whitish buff; wing-coverts, secondaries, and 
tertiaries darker, broadly tipped with rufous ; beneath buff, broadly 
barred with dark brown, "which has metallic-purple reflections on 
the breast" (IT. R.) ; lower tall-coverts rufous, unbarred except at 
the base; under wing-coverts and inner edges of the quills bright 
cinnamon-rufous; tail pale hair-brown, two outer feathers only, as 
in M. magna and JLL macassariensis, with a dark band, not very 
conspicuous, towards the tip of the inner web, and extending towards 
the base: " irides pale blue, with an outer rim of pink; bill corneous 
; legs and feet purple " (Forbes). Total length about 15*5 
inches, wing 7*6, tail 8, bill 0*75, tarsus 0-98. 

Female. According to Major "Wardlaw Ramsay, similar to the 
male, but none of the females seen by me have any metallic green 
on the nape and mantle, or metallic-purple reflections on the breast. 

A female, apparently not fully adult, has the under tail-coverts 
barred. 

Hah. Timor Laut, 

a, b. 2 ad. sk. Larat, Timor Laut, Aug., H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
Sept. [C.]. 

e. <$ ad. sk. Larat, Timor Laut, Sept. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(H. 0. Forbes). 
d. P imm. sk. Larat, Timor Laut, Sept. Tweeddale Coll. 
(H. 0. Forbes). 
6. Macropygia macassariensis. 
Macropygia aniboinensis, var. macassariensis, Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 389 
(Macassar, Celebes); id. J. f. 0. I860, p. 240; G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 237, n. 9202 (1870) ; Lens, J.f. 0.1877, p. 379. 

Maeropvgia macassariensis, 
Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 85 (1872^; 
Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 185 (1881); Wardl. Rams. Ibis, 1890, 

p. 240. 
Macropygia aniboinensis, var. albicapilla, Rrihggem, Abh. not. Ver. 
Brem. v. p. 86 (part.) (1876). 
Macropygia albicapilla, part., Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 137; ? GuUlem. 

P. Z. & 1885, p. 558 (speeim. e,f); Bias. Mtschr. yes. Orn. iii. 
pp. 188,179 (1886). 
Adult male. Above mouse-brown, minutely freckled with yellowish 
buff on the nape and mantle; wings brown, the upper wing-
coverts with traces of rufous tips ; sides of the head mouse-brown 
throat paler; remainder of the lower surface buff, more whitish on the 
breast, barred with brown even on the under tail-coverts; innermost 

344 
COLUMBIDJS. 

under wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner edges of the remiges 
rufous-cinnamon ; tail above pale brown, with the tips of the 
feathers whitish ; two outer tail-feathers marked with rufous about 
the middle of the inner web, and with a broad brown-black bar 
extending on the inner web towards the base. Total length about 
15 inches, wing 7-5, tail 7*5, bill 0*75, tarsus 0-96. 

Hah. Macassar, S. Celebes. 

a. J 
ad. sk. Macassar. Wallace Coll. (Type of 
species.) 
7. Macropygia cinnamomea. 
Macropygia cinnamomea, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) xii. pa 140 
(1892) (Engano). 

Palo rufous-cinnamon, edges of the feathers of a deeper cinnamon 
colour; upper part of the head more or less washed with vinous ; 
feathers of the throat with dusky lateral edges; back and rump 
more or less barred with dusky, the bars very narrow and almost 
obsolete; wings cinnamon, minutely freckled with brown; quills 
cinnamon, with the apical portion of the inner web dusky brown ; 
three central pairs of rectrices greyish brown, fourth pair tinged with 
rufous, the two outer pairs pale cinnamon, with a broad subapical 
black bar extending towards the base of the inner web : " iris red; 
bill and feet dusky brown " (Modigliani). Total length about 13*5 
inches, wing 8*1, tail 7*2, bill 0*8, tarsus 0*95. 

This species is very remarkable on account of the pale cinnamoncolour 
of its plumage, and for the complete absence of any trace of 
metallic reflections; it seems allied to M. rufipennis from the 
Andamans and Mcobars, having the central tail-feathers greyish 
brown; but it differs in the much paler colouring, in the upper 
wing-coverts being pale cinnamon with brighter edges, while in 

M. rufipennis they are dusky with cinnamon edges, and in the complete 
absence of dusky bars from the underparts. 
Hab. Engano. 

a, h. Ad. et J ad. sk. Engano, May. Dr. E. Modigliani [C.]. 
(Two of the types of the species.) 

8. Macropygia rufipennis. 
Macropygia rufipennis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 371 (1846) (Nicobar 
Id.); id. Cat. B. Mus. A.S.B. p. 234, n. 1422 (1849); G. B. Gr. 
Gen. B. A pp. p. 23 (1849); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 56 (1854); id. 
Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1111 (1854), xl, p. 219, n. 159 (1855); id. 
Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 27, 57, n. 159 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, 

i. p. 86 (1862); Pelz. Novara Beise, Vog. p. 109 (1865); Wall. 
Ibis, 1865, p. 389; id. J. f. O. 1866, p. 282; Beav. Ibis, 1867, 
p. 332 (Andamans); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 237, n. 9300 
(1870) ; Ball, J. A. S. B. xxxix. p. 32 (1870), xli. p. 287 (1872); 
id. Str. Feath. i. p. 80 (1872) j Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 314 ; Hume, 
Str. Feath. ii. p. 266 (1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 518 (1875); 
Hume, 8tr. Feath. viii. p. 110 (1879); Tweedd. Orn. Works, 
6. MACROPYGIA. 
345 

p. 247 (1831); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 39 (1880); WardL Hams. 
Ibis, 1890, p. 224; W. L. Sclat. Ibis, 1892, p. 86 (type). 
Adult male. General colour above brown-chestnut; head cinnamon, 
with a slight purplish or vinous tinge above; throat paler; 
the hind neck and mantle minutely freckled with rufous and barred 
with brown, and, in some specimens, with slight amethystine reflections, 
stronger on the sides of the neck and on the breast; breast and 
abdomen cinnamon, barred with brown, and brighter on the lower 
abdomen and under tail-coverts, the latter uniform with no bars; 
obsolete dusky bars on the smaller upper wing-coverts ; under wing-
coverts and inner webs of the quills towards the base cinnamon; 
tail like the back, brown-chestnut; the three outer tail-feathers, as 
usual, brighter rufous, and with a black subapical dark bar: " iris 
lio-ht blue, encircled with a ring of carmine; orbital ring leaden blue; 
bill and legs purplish pink" (Wardlaw Rammy). Total length 
about 15*5 inches, wing 7*3 to 7*7, tail 8, bill 0*9, tarsus 1. 

Young. Head cinnamon, bases of the feathers of the crown and 
the lateral edges of each feather dark brown or blackish, giving the 
head the appearance of dark striations; the hind neck and mantle 
are transversely barred with rufous and brown-black, the bars being 
broader than in the adult male ; the upper wing-coverts and quills 
broadly edged with cinnamon ; underparts rufous cinnamon, nearly 
uniform, only the edges of the feathers somewhat of a deeper tinge. 

Whether the adult female is really similar to the male, as Major 

Wardlaw Ramsay believes, or whether it resembles the young 

bird, as I am inclined to believe, I cannot positively assert. 

Hob. Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 

The inner web of the primaries, for the greater part cinnamon, 

easily distinguishes this species, the male of which is characterized 

by the head being cinnamon, and the hind neck and mantle minutely 

freckled with rufous and barred with brown. 

Andamans. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

a. Imm. sk. 
b-h. 6 2 ad. S. Andamans, June-Oct. (R. J. Hume Coll. 
et imm. sk. Wimberley). 

i-o. S 9. ad. S. Andamans, Jan., March, Dec. Tweeddale Coll. 
et imm. sk. (R. G. W. R.). 

p. J imm. sk. Strait Is., S. Andamans, April Hume Coll. 
( W. Damson), 
q, <$ imm. sk. Aberdeen, S. Andamans, April Hume CoU. 
(W. D.). 
r. $ imm. sk. Bungleaf Creek, Bee. (W. D.). Hume Coll. 
s. 
J juv. sk. Port Blair, July (R, J. Wim-Sharpe Coll. 
bevleil]. 
Hume Coll. 

t,u,v. $ imm, 

Port Blair, Aug., Sept. (R. J, W,).

sk. 

Hume Coll. 

w-cu 6 $ ad« 

Port Mouat, Jan. (W. Davison).

et imm. sk. 

Hume Coll. 

d'-g'. 6 $ ad. 

Mt. Harriet, March, Bee. ( W. D.).

et imm. sk, 

Hume Coll. 

k'. 8 imm. sk. 

Camorta, March. Tweeddale Coll. 

i'. J imm. sk. 
Oamorta, Bee. (R. J. Wimberley). 


346 
COLUMBID^. 

h\ V. 2 ad.sk 
Nancowry, Feb. (W. Davison). Hume Coll, 
Nancowry, Jan. (B. J. Wimher- Tweeddale Coll. 

m!'. J imm. 

sk. ley). 
ri.. $ ad. sk. Katehull Is., Feb. {JR. J. W.). Tweeddale Coll. 
of., § imm. sk Trinkut, Feb. (JR. J. JT). Tweeddale Coll. 
V' . $ imm. sk. Kondul, March ( JT" Davison). Hume Coll. 

, J imm.sk Teressa Is., Jan. ( JT. JD.). Hume Coll. 

<i>
r',, cS imm. sk. 
Treis Is., March ( W. JD.). Hume Coll. 

9. Macropygia tenuirostris. 
Columba phasianella, Temm. PL Col. 100 (Manilla) (lhr. 17, 1824 h 
(nee Tr. Linn, Soc. xiii. p. 129, lb21); httpk. Gen. /JML xiy. 

p. 290 (part.) (1826); Demi. Diet. Sc. Xat. xl. p. 357 (part.) 
(1828); WaglSijst. Av. Columba, sp. 38 (part] {lb'27)-^ Less. 
Tr. d?Orn. p. 478 (part., Manilla) (1«31); Xnip ^ Prer. Pig. ii. 
pi. 52 (1838-43). 
Macropygia phasianella, Sic. Class. B. ii. p. 540 (ft?- PL Col 100) 
(1837). 
Turtur amboinensis, part., Less. Compl. de fivff., Oi*. \iii. p. G7 
(1837); id. op. cii. 2nd ed. p. 2b7 (l^N. 

Macropvgia amboinensis, part., G. B. Gr. List Ch n.B. p. 3** 11^40); 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 1 (part.) (1*44); Mi knh. Sgn. A>>, t\ 1#J4 
(1847). 

Macropygia 
tenuirostris, G. JR. Gr. 3/*S'#.; Up. (hn*>p. Ar. h. p. 57 
(187)4)'; id. Compf. Bend, xxxix.p. 1111 (1*5 41, xl p. I'll*, n. 101 
(lb55); id. Coup cta,il Ordr. Pig. pp. 27, 57, n. It'll $1N>J); G. 

B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columke, p. 39 (Ia*>i> (Philippine); 
Bclmb. Tauben, i. p. 87, t. 2.31. f. 1394 {ex Timmineln (1WJ2); 
Wall. Bis, 181*5, p. 390; id. J.f.O. 1-136, p. 1^2; J/«r/. Jl/ . O. 
1866, p. 24; G. It Gr. Sand-list9 ii. p. 237, n. 9214 (1 b701; Wahl 
Ibis, 1873, p. 315; Schleg. Mm. P-B. Columba*, p. 10!) (part.) 
(1873); Somaj 21m. Xac. Lisb. Columbne, p. 15 {1K73): Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. ii. p. 518 (1875); Wald. Tr. Zool ft*, ix. pp. 21b, 412 (lb75); 
Skarpe, Tr. Linn. Soc., 2nd ser. Zool i. pp. #47, 353 (lb76); 
Tzceedd. P. Z. S. 1878. p. 2bb; Sharpe, P. Z. S. Ib79, p. 317 
(Sooloo IsL); Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 247, 3b2, 412, 594 (I8hl) ; 
Wardl Bams. Tweedd. Orn. Work^ App. p. (>59 flb^l); Salv. 
Cat. B. Striekl Colt. p. 546 (lw2); Guilkm. P. Z. S. lb<>, p. 271; 
Sharpe, Ibis, 1888, p. 203 (Palawan); Birrs. Omh, lHbb, p. 317 
(Palawan); Tristr. Cat ColLB. p. 39 (1*M»»; Everett, Jonrn. Str. 
Br. B. As. Soc. 1889, p. 193; Whiteh. Ibis, 1 <NJ, p. 57 (Palawan); 
Wardl Bams. Ibis, lb90, p. 221; Steere, List, p. 24 (Paragua, 
Marinduque, Luzon) (1899); ? Hartert^ Eat. Vogels.f. 185 (1891). 
Macropygia euryeerca, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 288 (NeprrosJ, p. 952 
(Mindanao), 1879, p. 73 (Basilan); id. Orn. Works, pp. 580, 594, 
643, 651 (1881); Wardl Bams. Tweedd. Orn. Works, App. 
pp. 659, 667 (1881); Steere, List, p. 24 (Mindanao, Basilan) 
(1890). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and lower parts cinnamon-rufous, with 
an amethyst lustre on the hind neck and upper mantle, the latter 
minutely freckled with brown ; upper parts, or back, rump, wings, 
and tail, dark brown-chestnut, with a slight purple tinge; quills 
brown; under wing-coverts and inner margins of the quills rufous 
cinnamon; the three outer pairs of rectrices bright rufous, especi


6. MACROPYeiA. 
347 

ally on the inner webs, and the outermost also on the outer web; 
all three hare a broad black band, extending towards the base of 
the inner web : " iris yellow, with an outer rim of crimson; orbital 
region and base of the bill crimson ; bill light brown; feet carmine " 
(Everett), Total length about 15 inches, wing 7#3 to 7*7, tail 8, 
bill 0*6, tarsus 0-8. 

Young. Head and lower parts cinnamon; throat pale rufous; 
on the breast the grey bases of the feathers show through the 
cinnamon edges; upper parts deep brown; hind neck and upper 
mantle with fulvous and black bars; the interscapular region has 
the edges of the feathers very narrow pale buff; rump and upper 
tail-coverts deep chestnut, and minutely freckled with brown; the 
upper wing-coverts and the inner secondaries have broad rufous-
cinnamon edges. 

Adult female. Contrary to Major "Wardlaw Bamsay's opinion, I 
think that the specimens of this sex differ from the male, and resemble 
the young birds, from which they differ in being more uniform 
on the back and wings, which do not show the broad rufous-
cinnamon edges on the upper wing-coverts. 

Hah. Philippines and Sooloo Islands. 

This species is easily distinguished in every stage by the dark 
chestnut-brown tail, much darker than in the allied 21. jpliasicmella 
and M. emiliana. 

The Palawan bird, of which I have seen tbree adult males, is shot 
with amethyst across the breast; this is wanting, or very little 
apparent, in the bird from the more eastern Philippines. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Taguso, Palawan, July. J. Whitehead, Esq. 
b. Imm. sk. 
c. $ ad. sk. 
Palawan. 
Philippine Is. 
—Lempriere,Esc[. [C.]. 
Cuming Coll. (Type 
of species.) 
d. S ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
Philippine Is. (Cuming).
Luzon, April (A. B. 
Meyer). 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
/•
g. 
S ad. sk. 
<$ ad. sk. 
Manilla (Mattland-Heriot). 
Negros, March (A. B. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. (Type 

Meyer). of M, eurycerca,TweQ&&.) 

h. 
<$ ad. sk. Valencia, Aug. (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
Everett). 
i-m. (S $ ad. et Zamboanga, March, April Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. (A. H. Everett). 
n, of p. § ad. et Basilan, May (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. Everett). 

q. 
$ ad. sk. Sulu Is. P. W. Burbidge, Esq. 
[C.]. 
10. Macropygia emilia: aa. 
? Columba 
amboinensis, JELorsf. (nee Linn) Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 183 
(1821) (Java). 
PMacropygia phasianella, "Eartl. (nee Temm.) Syst. Verz, p. 98 
(1844) (Java). 
Macropygia unchall, G. It. Gr. (nee Wagl) Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 2 

348 
COLUMBIDiE. 

(1844); id. List Gallium B. M. p. 11 (1844); id. List B. Brit. Mm. 
Columba3? p. 39 (1856) ; id. Rand-lisU ii. p. 237, n. 9298 (1870). 

Macropygia emiliana, Bp. Co/isp, Ac. ii. p. oS (Java) (1854); id, 
Compt.Rmd. xxxix. p. 1111 (1854), xl. p. 219, n. 164 (1855); 
id. Coup dceil Ordre Big. pp. 27, 57, n. 164 (1855): G. B. Gr. 
List B. Brit. Mus. Coiurnbje, p. 39 (1856); Itchrib. Tauben, i. p. 88 
(1862); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 390 (Java, Lonibock); id.J.f. 0. 
1866, p. 282: G. JR. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 237, n. Q2Ui\ (1&70); 
Wald. Ibis. 1&73, p. 315; Ehces, P. Z. tf. 1^73, p. b*7i); Sousa, 
Mus. Xac. Lisb. Coluinbge, p. 15 (1^73); Gieh. The*. Orn. ii. 

p. 517 (1875); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 247 f 1**1); Sclat. List 
Vert. An. 8th eel. p. 451 (18^31; Everett, Jour. Sir. Br. B. As. 
Soc. 18*9, p. 193; Sharpe. Ibis, 1*90, p. 337 (Kina Balu}: Rein. 
<§* Bchmv. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn.'f. 27& (Ifc'JO); Wardl.Bams. 

Ibis, 1890, p. 222 (Lonibock, Java, Borneoj. 
Macropygia aemiliana. Wall. B. Z. S. 1863. p. 4^6 (Lombock). 
?Maeropvgia amboinensiSj JPelz. (neeLinn*') Socara liaise,. Tug. p. 109 

(1865): 

Macropygia tenuirostris? part, Schleg. Mus. B.-B. Columba?, p. 109 
(Java) (1873); Sharpe {nee G. Rl Gr.), Ibis, 1*79, p. 205 i Brunei); 
Vorderm. N. T. M. I. xlv. p. 400 (Ifc-soU xhL pp. 89, 236 
(1886), li. p. 401 (1892). 

? Macropvgia 
sondaica, Schleq. 318.; Sousa, Mm. Xac. List. 
Columbse, p. 15 (1873) (Java). 

Similar in every stage to M. teiwirostris, from which it differs in 
being much more rufous, and in having the ba«e*> of the inner webs 
of the quills much more broadly cinnamon; the difference in the 
much more rufous colour of the tail is very conspicuous: " iris 
reddish pearly, or red with yellow inner ring; bill horny or flebhcolour; 
feet red or purplish " (Wallace). Total length about 14*5 
inches, wing 7, tail 7*5, biH 0-68, tarsus 0*98. 

The female, marked so by Wallace, differs from the male in having 
the upper surface without amethyst, and more or less barred, 
especially on the nape and mantle, which are of a brighter cinnamon 
than in the female of M. tenuirostris; beneath, cinnamon, with transverse 
dusky bars on the crop-region and breast. 

Major "Wardlaw Bamsay was somewhat in doubt as to what the 
plumage of the adult female is like, but it seemed to him that in 
the group to which M. em ilia na belongs the sexes do not differ. 
Two fully adult specimens from Eina Bain, collected by Mr. Whitehead, 
and marked as male and female, are almost entirely alike. 

A young female has the feathers of the lower throat black with 

rufous centres. 
Hab. Java, Lombock, and N. Borneo. 
The Ejna-Balu bird has the cinnamon colour of the abdomen 

somewhat lighter than the Javan and Lombock ones, but otherwise 
it cannot be distinguished. 

a. Ad. fit. Java. Purchased. 
b, c. S $ ad. sk. Java. Sir E. Belcher [P.], 
dj e. Imm. sk. et st. 
/ . <$ ad. sk. 
Java. 
Java. 
India Museum, 
Turner ColL 
g. $ ad. sk. Java (JRorsfield). India Museum [P.], 

6. MACBOPYGIA. 
349 

h i. S &&e"
k 2 Java {Leyden Museum). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
imm. sk. 
k, I d ad. et 5 E. Java. Wallace Coll. 
imm. sk. 
m. S a&-s^* Lombock. Wallace Coll. 
n, o, 6 ad.sk. Lombock ( Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
p, q. d § ad. sk. Lombock ( Wallace), Gould Coll. 
r. <$ ad. sk. Lombock (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s, t. Skeletons. Purchased. 

11. Macropygia modiglianii. 
? Columba aroboinensis, Bosenb, (nee Linn.) Versl. JEU. Mas, p. 20 
(18-?). 

Macropygia modiglianii, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) iv. p. 559, 
pi. viii. f. 2 (1887); Modigl. Viaggio a Mas, pp. 440, 686, t. xiv. 
(1890); TVarcU. Bams. Ibis, 1890, p. 223; Oust Bull. Soc. Bhilom. 

(8) iv. p. 118 (1892). 
Adult male. Bufous cinnamon, back, wings, and tail darker; 
quills brown, rufous cinnamon on the edge of the inner webs; neck 
all round of an amethyst colour; the two outer pairs of rectrices 
towards the tip with a black bar: " bill brown ; feet red; iris with 
an inner ring white, and with an outer one red" (Modigliani). 
Total length about 15-34 inches, wing 7*35, tail 7*89, bill 0*74, 
tarsus 0-&6. 

Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller, and with the 
nape with slight golden and amethyst reflections; nape and mantle 
with black narrow bars; edges of the upper wing-coverts bright 
cinnamon. 

Mab. Island of Mas. 

" This is a darker and larger race of if. emiliana, intermediate 
between it and ilf. imuirostris* Its coloration is also conspicuously 
brighter, especially in the amethystine of the upper surface, nape, 
and mantle, and the vinous tinge of the back and upper tail-coverts, 
which is much brighter on the latter. The legs and feet are much 
more massive.*' ( Wardlaw BamsayS) 

It is with great doubt that I keep this species distinct from 

M. emiliana. 
12. Macropygia phasianella. 
Columba phasianella, Temm. Tr. Linn, Soc. xiii. p. 129 (1821) (Port 
Jakson, Australia); Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 290 (part.) (1826); 
JOesm. Diet 8c. Nat xl. p. 357 (part.) (1826); Wagl Syst Av. 
Columba, sp. 36 (part.) (1827); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 473 (part.) 
(1831); ? Selb. Nat. Libr.} Pigeons, p. 120 (part.), pi. 8 (1835). 

Turtus amboinensis, part., Less. Compl de Muff., Ois. viii. p. 67 
(1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 281 (1838). 
Macropygia amboinensis, part., G. B. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 58 (1840); 
id. Gen, B, ii. p; 471, n. 1 (part.) (1844). 

Macropygia 
phasianella, Gould (nee Swainson), B. Austr. v. pi. 75 
(pt. xvii, 1844); Rchnb. Syn. Av. 11396 (nee f. 1394, qua* M. 
tenuirostrisj neque f. 1395, quae M. amboinensis) (1847); Blyth, 

350 COLUWBIBM. 

Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 234, n. 1421 (1849); BeJinb. Vog. 
NeuhoU. p. 322, n. 438 (1850); Bp. Consp. Ai\ ii. p. oQ (S.E. Australia, 
Xew Guinea 1) (1854); id. CompL Bend, xxxix. p. 1111 

p. 176 (Aru," Ke* Is!) (1862) ; Gfctdtf, £*«<&. B. Austf. ii. p.' 148 
(exel. syn.) (I860); Wall. Ibis, lb65, p. Sb9 (AustraliaI; «?. J", f. 0. 
1866, p. 282; G. B. Gr. Band-lid, ii. p. 237, 11. 9293 (1870); 
Wold. Ibis, lb73, p, 315; Schley. 3Iu$. P.-B. Columbas, p. 108 
(lb73); Soma, Mus. Xac. Lisk Columbia, p. 15 (1873); Garrod, 
P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 250, 256; Gieb. Tfas. Orn. ii. p. 518 (syn. 
emend.) (1875); Rams. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 110; id. Pr. Linn. Soc. 
X.S. W. ii. p. 196 (1878); Tirecdd. Orn. Works, p. 247 (1881); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 451 (lvO); Sharpe, Voyage of 
H.M.S.lAlert; p. 25 (1&84); Bams. Tab. List, p. 18, a. 550 (1683) ; 
Trisfr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (lfa^.9); Xorth, Bee. Amir. Mus. i. p. 117 
(1891). 
Turtur pliasianellus, Schley. Bierent. p. 203 (15G4). 

Adult male. General colour chestnut-brown, below cinnamon-
rufous, deepening into chestnut on the abdomen and lower tail-
coverts, paler on the forehead and throat; occiput and hind neck 
metallic amethyst with green reflections ; a slightly vinous tinge on 
the crop-region, where also some narrow blackish bars can be 
noticed; quills brown; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner 
margins of the primaries rufous cinnamon; tail rufous brown; 
three outer pairs of rectrices brighter rufous, especially on the inner 
webs, and the outermost also on the* outer web ; all three have a 
broad black band extending towards the base of the inner web: 
44 iris blue, with an outer circle of scarlet; orbital skin bluish lilac; 
feet red '* (Gould). Total length about 17 inches, wing 7"§ to 7*9, 
tail 8-5 to 9, bill 0-68, tarsus 1. 

Young? "Upper parts chestnut-brown, upper part of the head 
much redder chestnut and also the edges of the upper wing-coverts; 
the sides of the head and neck rufous with brown bars; beneath 
minutely freckled with dark brown. 

Whether the adult female is similar to the adult male or resembles 
the young bird, is still doubtful. 

Hah. Australia, from Cape York to Victoria and S. Australia. 

Wallace includes the Aru and Ke Islands among the localities 
inhabited by this species, but probably the specimens from those 
islands belong respectively to M. doreya and J£. hekmis* 

a. Imm. sk. Linn. Soc. Coll. 
5. c? ad. sk. Australia [N. S. Wales ?]•
(Type of species.) 
Lady Carnngfon 
c. Imm. sk. Australia. Twee3dale OolL 
d, e. o* ad. sk.
/ . <^ ad. sk.
g. S ad. h\. 
Cape York (Cocherell 
Queensland. 
S. Queensland.
). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
A. 3 ad. sk. Queensland {Comer and Sydney Museum 
Grant), *[P.]. 

6. MACKOPYGIA. 

351 

i, k. (S ad. sk. et Port Molle, Queensland, Voyage of H.M.S. 
$ inmi. st. Dec. < Rattlesnake/ 

I. 
2 ad. sk. Port Molle, May. Voyage of H.M.S. 

m. Ad. sk. N. S. Wales. Gould Coll. 

13. Macropygia amboinensis. 

Turtur 
amboinensis, Briss. Orn. i. p. 127, t. ix. f. 3 (Amboina) 
(1760). 
Coluniba amboinensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 286, n. 38 {ex Brisson) (1766); 
Gm. 8. N. ii. p. 790, n. 38 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 614, 

n. 74 (1790); Bonn. Em. M4th. i. p. 255 (1790); Vieill. N. D. 

xxvi. p. 375 (1818); Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 67 (1837) 
(part., Moluccas); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 287 (1838). 
TourtereHe d'Amboine, Buff. Hist. Nat Ois. ii. p. 557 (1771). 
Amboina Turtle, Lath. Syh. ii. 2, p. 665, n. 64 (1783). 
Coluniba phasianella, juv., Wag I. Syst Av. Columba, sp. 36 (1827): 
Mull. Verhandl. Land- en Volkenk. p. 109 (1839-44). 
Macropvgia amboinensis, G. R. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 58 (excl. syn.) 
(1840) ; id. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 1 (1844) j ? Blyth, Cat B. Mm. 

A. S. B. p. 234, n. 1423 (1849); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 56, n. 3 
(part.) (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1111 (1854), xL p. 219, 

n. 100 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Big. pp. 27, 57, n. 160 (1855); 

G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 1800, p. 361; Rchh. Tauten, i. p. 86, n. 192, 

t. 251. f. 1365 (1862); Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 34 (Bouru); Rosmb. 

n. 9292 (excl var.) (1870); Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 315 ; Gieb. Thes. 
Om. ii. p. 517 (part.) (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. viii. 

p. 383, n. 40 (Bouru), ix. p. 204, n. 63 (1876), xii. p. 431 (1878); 
id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 82: id. Voy. Challeng., Birds, p. 63 (1881); 
Ttoeedd. Orn. Works,-p. 247 (1881): Salvad. Om, Pap. e Mol iii. 

p. 132 (1882); Bias. $ Nehrk. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. 429 
(Amboina) ; Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 39 (part.) (1889) • Wardl. 
Rams. Ibis, 1890, p. 231; f Heine $ Rchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 
Om. p. 278 (1890) (Gilolo !, Celebes!); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. So. 
Tor. (2) xlii. p, 60 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 186) (1891). 
Macropygia albiceps, Temm. Mm. Lugd. fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. 

p. 56 (1854); id. Compt Rend, xxxix. p. 1111 (1854); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Pig. p. 27 (1855); ?G. R. Gr. List B. Trop. Isl. p. 43 
(New Caledonia!, fide Bonaparte) (1859); id. Hand-list, ii. p. 237, 

n. 9304 (1870). 
Macropygia turtur, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbae, pp. 110,113 
(specim. from Amboyna, Ceram, G-oram, and Bouru) (1873). 
Macropvgia buruensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. pp. 428, 
431 (1878); id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 135 (1882). 

Adult male. Head cinnamon-rufous, with a vinous tinge on the 
crown and occiput, paler on the forehead and cheeks ; throat bu% 
white; tipper surface brown-cinnamon, minutely mottled with 
brown; the feathers of the nape and mantle tipped with shining 
metallic greyish green, with amethyst reflections; beneath tawny 
buff, paler on breast, where many of the feathers are tipped with 
whitish, and deepening into rufous on the abdomen and under 


352 COLUMBIA. 

tail-coverts, which are uniform with no bars; lower part of the 
fore neck and breast with narrow black bars, two or three on each 
feather; npper wing-coverts brown, edged with cinnamon ; primary-
coverts and primaries black, the latter scarcely edged with 
rufous on the inner web beneath ; under wing-coverts and axUlaries 
cinnamon; tail rufous brown, three outer pairs of rectrices with the 
basal part and tips more rufous, and with a subapical black band extending 
towards the base on the inner web : " iris white-grey, with 
an outer rim pink ; bill black; feet red r (Biceart). Total length 
about 14*5 inches, wing 6*6 to 7*1. tail S to 9, bill O-C, tarsus 0*85. 

In one specimen from Amboyna, marked male, the under surface 
is of a nearly uniform cinnamon rufous brown, barred, but without 
white tips to the pectoral feathers. 

Female. Upper part of the head bright cinnamon ; nape and 
mantle bufiy, barred with dark almost black metallic green; rest of 
the upper parts as in the male dark brown-chestnut, only the rump 
and upper tail-coverts brighter; beneath more rufous than in the 
male, and more boldly barred on the breast. 

Young birds are like the female, but the feathers of the head are 
dark brown at the base and only tipped with chestnut ; breast and 
throat-feathers blackish brown tipped with chestnut, giving a 
mottled appearance, 

Ktih, Amboyna, Ceram, and Bourn. 

a. <5 ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Capt. Chamber* [T.\ 
k c? ad. sk. Amboyna. Wallace Coll. 
c. r£ ad. sk. Amboyna (Wallace), hfeebohm Coll. 
d. Imm. sk.
*>/"•<?$ a^* s^.
ff. 2 a^«s^* 
Amboyna ( Wallace). 
Amboyna. 
^' £e*am. 
Gould Coll. 
* Challenger' Exped. 
Wallace Coll. 
'h. $ ad. sk.
I (S juv. sk.
k, I <$ ad. et d 
N. Ceram ( Wallace). 
E. Ceram. ' 
Bouru. 
<rould Coll. 
Wallace Coll, 
Wallace Coll. 
juv. sk. 
m. $ ad. sk.
n. $ ad. sk. 
Bouru (Wallace). 
Cajeli, Bouru, Xov. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
H._ 0. Forbes, Esq. 
o. Juv. sk. Lake Wakolo, Bouru. Nov. II. O. Forbes. Esq. 
p. S ad*sk* [New Guinea.] Safvin-Godman Coll. 
q. $ ad. sk. Moluccas. Purchased. 

14. Macropygia keiensis. 
Macropygia, sp., Wall Ann. fy Mag, if. 2£ (2) xx. p. 473 (part.) 
(1857). 

Macropygia phasianella, part., <?. JB. <fr. (nee Temm.) P. Z. &, 1858^ 
pp. 187,196 (K6 IsL); id. Cat. B. New Guin. w» 48, 61 (part.) 
(1859); id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 437 (part.); liclmk Taubenf'± p. 176 
(part.) (1802); Mosenk A T. JV* I xxv. p. 249, n. 235 (part.) 
(1868); id.J.f. 0. 1864, p. 133, n. tM (part); Fitiseh, Neti-Gmn. 

p. 178 (part.) (1865); Wall IUB} 1865, p. 389, n. 81 (part.;; id. 
J. / . 0. 1866, p. 282, n. 81 (part.) 5 Mosenk (nee Temm.) Meis 
naar ZuidomtereiL p. 81 (1867). 
6. 1I1CR0PYGIA. 
Macropygia turtur, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columboe, pp. 110,113, 

114 (specim. from Ke Isl.) (1873) ; Mosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 372 

(1878-79). 
Macropygia kevensis, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 204, n. 64 
(1870) {ex Schlegel); id. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 89 ; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. xii. p. 432 (1878), xiv. p. 002 (1879) j id. Votj. Chall, Birds, 

p. 71 (1881): id. Orn. Pap. e Moi. iii. p. 146 (1882); Ward!. 
Mams. Ibis, 1800, p. 236: Salvad. Mem. 11 Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. 61 (Agg. Or a. Pajp. e MoL p. 187) (1891). 
Adult male. Head rufous vinous ; forehead and cheeks pale; top 
of the head and occiput with a greyish tinge; nape with metallic 
green and amethyst reflections and greyish tinge; remainder of tho 
upper parts brown-cinnamon, minutely mottled with brown; throat 
rufous white ; lower throat and upper breast vinous, with dark 
bands, which have green reflections; lower breast and abdomen 
pale whitish buff with black bars, and changing into rufous cinnamon 
on the abdomen and lower tail-coverts; the longer ones of the 
latter unbarred ; under wing-coverts also uniform rufous cinnamon; 
quills brown, with narrow rufous edges both on the inner and outer 
webs; tail above brown, below more greyish; the three outer pairs 
of rectriccs partly bright rufous, with the usual dark band: " bill 
black; feet red; eyes hazeln (Mosehij). Total length about 15 
inches, wing 7, tail 7*7, bill 0*7, tarsus OS. ^ 

Young feuiafo. Head brown, the feathers tipped with rufous; nape 
with rufous and brown bars ; upper parts brown with rufous edges; 
lower parts pale rufous, darker on the abdomen and under tail-
coverts, with brown bars especially on the breast, and brown spots 
on the centre of the feathers of the throat. 

Hab. K6 Islands. 
rt.tfad.sk.
b. 2 ad. ? sk, 
K6Dulau. 
Ke* Islands (A. It. 
i Challenger' Expedition. 
(Type of the male.) 
Gould Coll. 
Wallace). 

15. Macropygia albicapilla. 
Macropygia albicapilla, Temm. Mas. Lugd.; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 57 
(1854) (Celebes); id. Compt Mend, xxxix. p. 1111 (1854); id. 
Coup oVceil Ordre Pig. p. 27 (1855) ; Rchnb. Tauhen, i. p. 87 
(1862); Wall. P. Z. S.1862, pp. 335, 345 (Sula Islands); id. Ibis, 
1865, p. 380; id. J. f. 0.1866, p. 282 j Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. 

p. 85 (1872); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 672 (1875); 
Meyer, Ibis, 1879, p. 137; Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 185 (1881); 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 134 (1882); Guillem. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 558 (part.); Bias. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. iii. p. 133 (part.) 
(1886); Wardl Mams. Ibis, 1890, p. 232. 
Macropygia amboinensis, var. albicapilla, G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 237, n. 9292 (part.) (1870); Bruggem. Abh. not. Ver. Brem. v. 
p. 86 (part.) (1876); Lenz, J.f. 0.1877, p. 379. 
Macropygia turtur, part, Sckleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, pp. Ill, 112 
(Celebes and Soula-bessie) (1873); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 
(1889). 
VOL. XXI. 2 A 

354 
coLriiBiB^:. 

Maeropygla anibohiensis, part., Gieb. Tfies. Oni. II. p. .317 (lfc7o) ; 
tJELein. $-Mclinm. Xomeacl. Jfus, Hem. Oni. p. 275 (Celebes). 

Adult male. Similar to the male of 21. auiluinL/tsls, hut much 
smaller, head much, paler, with, the forehead whitish buff, and with 
the hind part grejlsh brown ; nape and mantle more golden green ; 
vinous tinge of the breast sharply define 1 above from the rufous 
throat; under tail-coverts paler rufous and mlnuttly mottled with 
brown ; primaries, as in 21. aaihoi/u us is ^cdicely td^rel with rufous 
on the inner web; tail as In the allied species, only somewhat 
darker: '-bill and feet dusky purple; iri> piLky pearl colour" 
(Wallace). Total length about 14 inches wing fj-l to 0*0, tail 7*f> 
to 8, bill 0*55, tar&us U'So. 

Female. Similar to that of 21. aiulouititsis, but darker, with the 
cheeks more rufous; beneath rufous, almost uiibanxd : under tail-
coverts faintly mottled with brown. 

Young. Resembles more or lem the female. 
Hah. "Celebes, Sula Inlands, and Togian i-Linds. 
Birds from Sula Mauds are a trifle smaller ; \\IIVJ: about h inches. 


a. Ad. sir. Celebes. \V. Li v (' 11. 
b. 2 ad. sk. Celebes. > ib in—f» dman Coll. 
c. 1mm. sk. xN. CVkbfN TA« * ILib* Coll. 
dj e. $ ad. et Tondano, X. Celebes. \\\id ie« <' *11. 
cS jtiv. sk. 
/ . <$ ad. sk.
(J. 6 juv. sk.
k. Imm. sk.
i} 7c. S ad. et § 
ilenado, N. Celebes. 
Makassar. 
No locality. 
Sula Is. (Walktce). 
Tw» > MuV <'oil. 
"W.illan- Cull 
Gould Coll. 
Uuuld Coll 
imm. jsk. 
Z. $ imm. <k. Sula Is. "Walkre Coll. 
m. 2 imm* pk,
«. Skeleton. 
Sula R (Wallace). 
Menado, X. Celebes 
Twn'ddaL* Cull 
Dr. A. B. Me} er T*.]. 

18. Kacropygia sangMreasis. 
Macropypja 
turttir, part., Sehhg. Mus. IK-IJ. Culumbte, p. Il l 
(Saiigkir and Siao) (1873). 
Haeropygia, pp., tiahud. Ann. 21its. Ci*\ Gen* ix. p. 02 (IfcTC); KL 
Afti It Ac. 8c. Tor. xiii. p. llhfi (note) 0^7HJ. 

0™*r, ifcfcA,"p. 01% pi in.; 'Wanllliams.'MmJl^ 

Adult male. Similar to that of M. alhicajAlla^ but larger, and 
easily distinguished by its darker colour, almost purplish brown 
above, the head more cinereous on the hind part; bright metallic 
amethyst on the mantle, with bronzy green reflections, faintly 
continued across the breast; beneath more boldly barred; throat 
greyish buff, as in 21. allienpilla, in &harp contrast to the 
barred breast; tail very dark chestnut. Rest as in 2L albicapilla. 
Total length about 15 inches* wing 7, tail 8, bill 0*58, tarsus 0*95. 

G. 5U.CE0PYGU. 
Female. Similar to that of M. allk'qnlla^hut larger,much darker 
chestnut above, and "barred all over beneath. 
Hah. Sanghir Islands. 

a-d. S 2 ad. ak. Sanghir Is. (A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 

17. Macropygia maforensis, 
Macropvgria turtur, part., SeMeg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 110 (specim. 
fromMafor, p. 115) (1873). 
Macropvgia doreya, Rosenh. (nee Bp.) Heist, naar Gcehinkb. p. 36 
(Maior) (1*75). 
Maeropygia gri&einucha, part., Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. 

p. 204, n. 00 (^pecini. from Mafor) (1S76). 
Macropvtria mafuivn?is, Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii. pp. 429, 
432 (l{<78) ; id. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii.p.148 (1882); Wardl. Rams. 
Ibis, 1890, p. 230; Sahad. Mem. It. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 62 
{Ar/g. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 186) (1891). 

Adult male. Forehead whitish, crown, occiput, and nape conspicuously 
grey; nape and upper mantle with green reflections; 
sides of the head rufous grey ; throat whitish; upper breast rufous 
vinaceous, on the sides with amethystine reflections; lower 
breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts fulvous ochreous, the latter 
darker and uniform ; breast with dark brown bars, evanescent on 
the abdomen; back brown-chestnut, the edges of the feathers 
brighter; quills brown; tail above brown-chestnut, with a slight 
greyish tinge, the three central pairs uniform, three outer pairs at 
the base, especially of the inner web, bright rufous, and with the 
usual dark subapical bar : " bill brown, feet red" (Meyer). Total 
length about 14*5 inches, wing 0*5, tail 7, bill 0*75, tarsus 0*85. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the upper part of the 
head rufous cinnamon, nape and upper mantle with brown and 
fulvous ochraceous bars, the feathers of the rump and upper wing-
coverts edged with, cinnamon; throat whitish; the upper breast 
with the edges of the feathers ochreous rufous, and the abdomen 
ochreous fulvous, minutely mottled with grey. 

Hah. llafoor, Goelvink Bay. 

18. ICacropygia doreya. 
Turtur amboinensis, part., Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. G7 
(18-07); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 287 (specim. from New Guinea) 
(1838). 

Macropygia 
doreya, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 57 (New Guinea) (18-54) 
(type examined); id. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1111 (1854), xl. 

p. 219, n. 102 (1855) • id. Coup. d>wil Ordre Pig. pp. 28, 52, 
n. 162 (1855); Sclat. Jmm. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 168, n. 148 
(1858); G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 196, 1859, p. 159; id. Cat. 
B. New Guin. pp. 48, 61 (1859); id. P.Z.S. 1861, p. 437; Rchnb. 
Tauben, i. p. 87 (1862), ii. p. 176 (1862); Bosenb. K T. N. I. 
xxv. p. 250, n. 237 (1863): id. J. f. O. 1864, p. 133, n. 237; Fimch, 
Neu~Gum. p. 178 (1865); Wall Ibis, 1865, p. 390; id.J.f.O. 
1866, p. 282; G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 237, n. 9295 (1870); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 517 (1875); Sahad. Ann. Mm. Ciu. Gen. 
356 
COLTTIIBIBJE. 

is. p. 204, n. Go (1870). x. p. 166 {1*77), xii. p. 431 1157S); R 

P. Z. S. 1878, p. 99; f Ra,m. Pr. Linn. Sac. X. S. W. iii. p. 103 
(Katau) (1878); If Alb. £ &/&vw/. ^</i. 3/vs. Civ. Gen. sir. p. 121 
(1879); D'Al&.Xiwva Gum. -pf. ->2. 55> | 1*501; ,SWwJ. Fw/. 
C&*//.', P/r^\ p. 83 (1881); id. Oni. Pup. e MuL iii. pp. 141, oOl 
(1882); AVwA\ P / O. 1^S5. p. 34 < WaLrL'if : TmYr. Orf. Coll. 
B. p. 30 (18<D); llthi. & Hrkiur. Xoim si Mm, Eein. Or a. 
p. 278(1800); Wtwill. Ita,.i*. Ibis, l^'O. p. i>:'4; SahtfJ. Mem. 
P. Ac. Sr. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 131 (Aqq. Oru. Pi<Ah t M**L p. 157] 
(1591). 
Macropyiiia «p., Wall. A m. $• Mag. X. II <2* x. p. 47-*] f ls57). 
Macro]tVuia phasianella, part.. G. P. Gr. \> rr Ti AMI.) P. Z. S. 1^53, 

pp. 1-7, 10*j (Ara Rl : *V. O^. P. 35 r rrV<*. pp. 4% nl <l*>jty; 
*77. P. ^. & 1-61, p. 437; P//./A TtnrU *, ii. p. 170 (l^i2>; 
P^/VA X r. X J. xxv. p. 240, n. :i35 (1^;:M : ?V. P/. O, 1-04, 

p. 133, n. 235; Finsrft, Xif-G»in. p. 17s ipjrt.ifb'fwj; JfW/. 
J&\ 1-G5, p. 350, ii. 81 (part.); ifl^J.f.O. l-O), p. 2^2 I part.) ; 
Itowab. Heist, naar Geelriiikb. p. 117 11^75 ?, 
MacropTfria turturT part., Schley. MH<*. P.-B. Pobmibaj, ]»p. 110* 113 
and follow. (*peeim. from Aru, Guebeh* Siiiawwtti, M\ **r»!f X**w 
Guinea, Soek) (1^73); Cub. & Pluiw.J.f O. Wtf, p. 325 (part,); 
Pownb, Malay. Archiji. pp. 372, 5*11 (1H70 . 

Macropygiagriseinucba, part., Sttlrath Ann. Ma*. fir. Gtn. i\\ p. 204, 

n. ()0"(Jobi, Misori} (1 K7f J). 
PMaeropvgia batchianei"M% 
Ilchi. Sc P/w. {*<r Wall.) Xmrn-mh 
MILS, Rein. Orn. p. 278 |M}folj (IMlOl. 

-4^ft wfffe. Upper parts chestnut-brown ; head vinous top of tbe 
head and occiput tinged with greyish; front part of the head and 
throat pale rufous; nape and upper mantle* bright metallic green, 
more or less with purple reflections ; beneath the throat and breast 
rich vinaceous with purple reflections each feather with two dark 
blackish cross-bars, blending into tawny buff on the abdomen and 
deepening into cinnamon on the Tent and under tail-coverts; under 
wing-eoverts, axiilaries. and. tibial feathers chestnut; three outer 
tail-feather** cinnamon with a subapieal blackish band : bill dark; 
feet red. Total length about 15 inches, wing &o, tail 7*4, bill 0*0, 
tarsus 0*85. 

Male and female, sexed by Beccari, alike in the Museum of Turin. 

Adult female (Aru). General colour above chestnut-brown ; head 
reddish chestnut; upper surface brown; feathers tipped with 
chestnut, broadly so on wing-coverts ; the nape and mantle paler, 
barred with dark metallic green and rufous ; beneath rufous, very 
faintly barred and freckled, especially on the breast, deepening to 
cinnamon on tbe vent* flanks, and under tail-coverts. 

Young (Ara). Similar to the female, but more mottled and freckled 
above with rufous and brown; the brown liars on the nape and 
mantle have no metallic green lustre; upper wing-coverts broadly 
edged with cinnamon, quills more narrowly BO ; beneath the breast-
feathers are brown, edged with cinnamon. 

Hab. Hew Guinea, with the surrounding Xorth-western Islands— 

Waigiou, Guebeh, Batanta, Salawatty, Mysol, Mysori, and Jobi, and 

also Aru Islands. 

6. 3JACB0PYGIA. 
a. S ad. sk. Xew Guinea. "Wallace Coll. 
l». 2 ad. sk. Xew Guinea. Tweeddale Coll. 
e. S inam. sk. Dorey (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
<Z. g ad. &k. Has/X.W.^Xew Guinea, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e, f. 2 et AmWbaki,X.W. Xew Guinea, Salvin-Godniaa Coll. 
ad-
J imm. sk. Mav. 
g, h. 6 2 ad. bk. AIYMJI (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
£ g ad. sk. My sol {Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 
7c, I. 6 2 ad. bk. Am I>. Purchased. 
»i. g ad. sk. Aru I-.. Wallace Coll. 

'imm siL

n. 
2- Wukan, Aru Is. 'Challenger' Expedition. 
10. Macropygia cinereiceps. 
? Macropygia ambninensirf, pirt, Rams. Pr. Linn. Soe. X. 8. W. iii. 
p. 2'J3\lfc7fc); Salrad. Ibis, 1879, p. 327. 
MaerupYgia doreya, 8Jtarpe7 Pr. Linn. 8oc, Zool xvi. p. 446 (Taburi) 
(l&bij; ''Rams. Pr. Linn. Soe. X 8. W. viii. p. 27 (egg) (1883). 
Macrup^ iria cinereieep-, Trktr. Ibis, 1889, p. 558 j Wardl. Rams. 
Ik\ 1*90, p. 237; #«/««?. 31>M. li. .4c. tic. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 02 
{Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 18&) (1&91). 

Similar to M. darn/a, but the »z«^ with the crown and nape 
deep slate-colour or grey, the latter, as in the allied species, with 
metallic green and amethyst reflections. The bars of the breast are 
lets strongly marked. 

Hah. D'Entrceasteaux Islands and South-eastern Xew Guinea. 

a. S ad.sk. Sugeri, S.E. New Guinea, Dec. II. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[C.]. 
h, c, d. (S 2 ad. pk. Astrolabe Mountains. A. Goldie, Esq. [C.]. 

20. Macropygia griseinuclia. 
Macropygia p-riseinucha, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 204, 
n. 06 (part.", Miosnom only) (1870), xii. pp. 430, 431 (1878); id. 
Om. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 139 (1882); Wardl. Rams. Ibis, 1890, 
p. 238; Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 61 {Agg. Orn. 
Pap. e MoL p. 187) (1891). 
Adult male. Forehead whitish, crown, occiput, and nape cinereous, 
the latter and the upper mantle with metallic green and amethyst 
reflections; back, rump, wings, and tail brown-chestnut, throat 
whitish ; sides of the head vinous; breast greyish vinous, the 
feathers edged with shining amethyst, and in some specimens with 
obsolete dark bars; abdomen rufous isabelline; under tail-coverts 
pale cinnamon ; under wing-coverts cinnamon; quills brown; tail 
as usually in the allied species ; bill brown; feet red. Total length 
about 13-5 inches, wing 6*80, tail 2-1, bin 0*66, tarsus 0*8. 

Hal. Miosnom, Geelvink Bay. 

21. Macropygia batchiaueusis. 
Macropygia 
amboinensis, pari, Bp. Consp. Av. ii, p. 56 (Ternate) 
(1854); Rosenb. N. T X. L xxv. p. 250, n. 236 (part.) (1863); 

35S CGiriTBJDiE. 

id. J.f. 0.1884, p. 138, JQ. 230 ; WalI^Mi\ 1SC5, p. SOD (psrt.); 
Fiasch, Xeu-Giria. p. 178 (part.) (l^Oo); Bi*e/ib. (nee Linn.) 
Heist, naar Geekhikh. p. 8 (1S75); 6-7^. 77^^. Qui. II. p. 517 
(part.) (1875); Tristr. Cat Coll JR. p 39 fpart.) (ISSPi; lit in. $ 
jRchaic. Xomencl. Mm. JEeia. Orn. p. 27S (GiloL*) (lSJOj. 

Itfaeropvgia albieapilla, var., G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1SU0. p. StJl {Batehian 
and Ternate). 
ilacropvaia amboinen*i*. Tar. batchhnen*:^ IVrll. Pi\ l^P.j, 

p. ;>9; id. J.f. 0. 1566, p. 252; <7. P. rTV. Ilnnd-H^ ii. p. 237, 
n.9202 (1570). 
Macropyjia tmtur. part, ^V/%. JSIvs. P.-P. Pi himb ^, p. 110 

(p. U3. specim. fruin Hdmalv-ra. 31 >rty, T< .n tfj, B^tcLIan. and 
Kajua) (1^73j; Ibismb. Mrilmj. Atekqi. p. 407 'ls7*-7i>). 
Maeropvsia batckianen*is. ticlrofl. An i. J/"-\ C . r/^. l\, p. 204. 

n. 07^(1^76), xii. p. 431 (1S"N : i<L Ora. P'q*. f Mul i:i. p. 13fl 
[l-^2i: PA-***, i?////. ArafJ.Fetrr^.xxx. i . ."33 (1—4 : Chnlhm. 
P. Z. S. l^o , p. 576: IFfl/ytf. #//>**. P^/l " '0, p. 237 ; r JTik/z. $-
Ilehnr. XommcL 3JCv*. lb in. 0,-n. p. 27** Gly-olrt {M*0l; 
ftalrarf. Mem. R.Ac. Se. Tor. |2) sLI. p. fJO <**'/'/• O/vi, Py . r 
MoL}h ISfJj (1^01). 
^4/7/Jf »ifl7<?. Head and throat rnfun<» oeeip\t vinr*ctnu*. nape 
with green and amethy*t reflection*: n -*• nf tit* upper pirts 
brown-cinnamon, scarcely mottled wi*h ]ir«.wn; luwtr tlirout 
and tipper breast vinou*, in some specimens with virrow, almost 
obsolete, dark bars; lover breast and abdomrn julv rufou^ under 
tail-coverts rufous cinnamon; wings dirk ehe-timt. with paler or 
brighter edges on the upper winjr-enverN : undtT \\ "mq-eovcrh 
cinnamon ; quills uniform underneath, or with a very narrow rufous 
Inner edge ; tail as in the allied species : *• bill Sn mix; IV« t red; irides 
red. with a blue Inner ring'* (Bewari). Total length about 14*5 
Inches, wing 6*4 to 6-S, tall S%x, bill <KM. tar ^ <ML 
Fudftlt. Is of the general rufous-brown type of the females of 

this group. 

Young birds the same, more or le^s mottled nreurdin* to the age. 
Hah. Batehian and the llalmahera group—HalmaLtra, Ternate, 

Uorty, Xajoa. 
a. $ ad. sk. Batehian. "Wallace Cull. 
b, c. £ ad. sk. Batehian.
fTypp of ^p^cies.) 
"Wallace Coll. 
(I. $ ad. sk. Batehian ( Wallace). Sab in-Undman Coll. 
*>. cf ^d. sk. T*»raate. Wallace Coll. 
/ . cf ad. 6k. [Menado.] Twewldule Coll. 

22. Macropygia goldiei. 
Macropvirla dorpva, part., Sharps (nee Bp.\ Juurn. Linn. Sue., Zml. 
xvi. p.-44C (Ta'buri District) (1682). 
Adult male. Similar to the male of If. doreya^ from which it 
differs in having the bars on the breast obsolete or entirely wanting, 
and the cheeks more rufous; it Is intermediate between J/, hatchia-* 
nensis and ill", carteretia, but differs from the former in being more 

6 . XiCROPYGIA. 
359 

rufous on the forehead and throat, and from the latter in havin<> a 

much deeper colouring on the underparts. Size of M. doreya. & 
Female. Scarcely different from that of M. doretja. 
Hah. S.E. Xew Guinea. 

a. d ^d. sk. Vicinity of Port Moresby, 
S.E. New Guinea (A. 
Goldie). 
S.E. Xew Guinea (A. 
Salytn-Godman 
Coll. 
Tweeddale 
Types of 
species. 
d. 2 ail. sk. 
ej. $ 2 ad.sk 
Goldie). 
S.E. Xew Guinea. 
S.E. Xew Guinea. 
Coll. 
Sharpe Coll. ' 
Salyin-Grodman Coll. 

23.ffiacropygia carteretia. 
Macropygia carteretia, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 57 (New Ireland) (1854) 
(typ^s examined) ; id. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 1112 (1854), xl. 

p.'11%, n. 103 (1855) ; id. Coup dwil Ordre Piq. pp. 28, 57, n. 163 
(1835) 5 G. M. Gr. Cat. B. Trap. 1st. p. 43 (1859); Rchnb. Tauten, 
i. p. 87 (1602); If all Ibis, 1605, p. 300; id. J.f. 0.1860, p. 282; 
G. 11 Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 237, n. 9301 (1870); Gieh. Thes. Orn. 
ii. p. 517 (1875); tialvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 204, n. 60 
(1870) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. Ill, 1879, p. 447 (New Britain) ; 
Fimck, Ibis, 18=11, p. 530; tialrad. Orn. Tap. e Mol iii. p. 138 
(1SM>); Trisir. Ibis, 1^0, p. 558; id. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (1889); 
Ward!, llrom. Ibis, 181)0, p. 238; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. So. Tor. 

(2) xliL p. 00 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 180) (1891). 
Macropygia cateretia (sic), Hams. Pr. Linn. tioc. N. 8. W. i. p. 374 
(1870). 
Macropygia turtur, part, Cab. $• Bchma. J. f. O. 1876, p. 325 (New 
llano ver). 
Macropygia amboinensis, part., Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. iii. 

p. 293 (1878). 
? Macropygia doreya, Finsch (nee Pp.), P. Z. S. 1879, p. 13 (Duke 
of York Island)/ 
? Macropygia nigrirostris, Be Vis (nee Scdvad.), Ann. Bep. Brit. Neto 
Gain. p. ^>*2 (St. Aignan, Rossel Island) (1890); id. Colon. Papers, 

n. 103, p. 116 (1890); id. Ibis71891, p. 41. 
Adtdt male. Head rufous yinous, paling on the forehead, cheeks, 
and throat, which are of a buff-white; nape yinaceous, with the 
edges of the feathers metallic green or amethyst; remainder of 
the upper parts brown-chestnut; beneath pale buff, breast clear 
yinaceous, with the edges of the feathers almost whitish; abdomen 
and under tail-coyerts of a pale rufous; under wing-eoyerts and 
axtUaries cinnamon; tail as in the allied species : bill dusky; feet 
red; "irides with an outer ring red, and the inner one blue" 
(Hueslcer). Total length about 15*5 inches, wing 7*1, tail 8*5 to 9, 
bill 0-05, tarsus 0'85. 

Female. Similar to that of the allied species, and differing 
from the male in haying the whole of the upper part of the head 
cinnamon, the nape with brown and rufous bars, with a slight 
green lustre on the brown bars, and the underparts much more 
rufous. 

3G0 
coirauBHO. 

Ifa5. ITew Britain, INTew Ireland, Duke of York Island, Xew 
Hanover, and S.E. Xew Guinea. 

ff, 5. d ? ad, D^ e of York Is., Oct. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. (Bev. G. Brown). 

c. $ ad. sk. Duke of York Is., Feb. Hev. G. Brown [C.j. 
d. S ad. &k. Z\Iakacla, Duke of York Is. Per. G. Brown [C.I. 
0. (S ad. sk. Duke of York Is. Hr. J. IOeinsclimidt 
TV. 
f. $ ad. sk. Xew Britain; ]S"OT. Hr. J. Kleinsckniidt 
//. J ad. sk. Sew Britain, May. Rev. G. Brown TV. 

h. $ juv. sk. Kew Ireland, March. Hr. J. Kleinscliniidt 
24. Kacropygia rufieeps. 
f Columba amboinensis, J?<7^. (We Linn.) Tr. Linn. Sac. liii. p. 31b 
(1822) (Sumatra). 

Columba rufieeps, Temm. BL Col 501 (lhr. 95, 1835) (Ja^a, 
Sumatra); Less. Compl. de Buff,, Ois. %iii. p. 70 (1N*37/; id op. e#. 
2nd ed. p. 288 (1838) ; Knip $• Pirn Ify. ii. pi. 30 (lb3^-43). 

Macropygia rufieeps, 
G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 5 (lb44); 
Behnb. Si/n. Av. ff\ 1397-98 (lb47); Bp. Com]). JU\ ii. p. ot> 
(1854) ; id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1111 (1S34), xl. p. i'li>,n. 105 
(1855); id. Coup oVceil Ordre Big. pp. 27, 57, n. 105 (IK>5); G. B. 
Gr. ListB. Brit Mm. Colmnbse, p. 89 (1850); Bthnh. Tauben, i. 

p. 88, t. 251. € 1397-98 (1802) ; Wall. Ibis, 1805, p. mi; id. J. f. O. 
1866, p. 282; G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 237, n. 9297 (18*70) ; 
Stolitzka, J. A. &\ B. xxxix. p. 331 (1870) (Wellesley Province); 
Schleg. Mus. B.-B. Columbse, p. 110 (1873); Sousa, Mus. Kac. 
Lisb. Columte, p. 15 (1873); Salvad. Cat Ucc. Bom. p. 298 
(1874); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 518 (1875) ; Blyth, B. of Burm. 
p. 140 (1873) (Mergui, "Wellesley Province); Hume, Str. Feath. 
vi. p. 420 (1878) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 248 (1879); 
Nichols. Ibis, 1881, p. 135 (Java); Vorderm. H. T. N. I. xlv. 
p. 402 (1885), xlvi. pp. 89, 236 (1886); Bkttik. Kot. Leyd. 
Mus. ix. p. 76 (1886) (Sumatra); Belz. fy Lor. Ann. Katurh. 
Eofmus. iii. p* 84 (1888); Vorderm. JV. T. N. I xlix. p. 413 
(1889); Everett, Journ. Str. Br. B. As. Soc. 1889, p. 193; Tristr. 
Cat Coll B. p. 39 (1889); Sharpe, Ibis, 1890, p. 137 (Borneo); 
Hem. % Bchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 278 (1890); Wardl 
Bams. Ibis, 1890, p. 225 ; Vorderm. N. T. W. L li. p. 246 (1891); 
Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. (2) xii. p. 74 (1891); Hartert, 
Eat. Vogelsamml. p. 185 (1891); Vorderm. N. T. N. L li. p. 401 
(1892). 
" Columba nucbalis, 
WagV (errore), Bchnh. Syn. Av. (in syn. M. 
i-ufieipilis,fir. 1397-98) (1847). 
? Macropygia amboinensis, BlytTi, Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 234, 

n. 1423 (part.,Tenasserim) (1849). 
Turtur rufieeps, Schleg. De Dierent p. 206 (1864). 
Macropygia assimilis, Hume, Str. Feath. ii. p. 441 (1874) (Tenasserim); 
Wold, in Blyth B. of Burm. p. 146 (1875); Wardl 
Bams. Ibis, 1877, p. 468 (Karen Hills); Hume $ Davis. Str. 
Feath. vi. p. 420 (1878); Hume, op. cit viii. pp. 683 110 (1879) ; 
Oates, B. Brit Burm, ii p. 296 (1883). 

0 . MACUOPYCHA. ;ii;i 
Adult male. General colour above dark chestnut, almost brown on 
the back; head conspicuously paler, pale cinnamon; nape and 
mantle obsolotely barred with dusky, and with the odj;es of the 
feathers metallic green, with amethyst reileetions; beneath pale 
cinnamon, whitish on the throat, deeper on ihe sides and under 
tail-coverts; pectoral feathers more or lew* broadly tipped with 
whitish buff; primaries brown, broadly edged with cinnamon on I ho 
inner web beneath; upper wing-coverts edged with cinnamon; 
under wing-coverts cinnamon; two central pairs of tail-feathers 
uniform brown chestnut; the four outer pairs more or less rufous, 
with a black band, extending towards the base on the inner web: 
*' iris ashy white; bill reddish horn-colour; foot eoral-red " 
(Wallace). Total length about 12 inches, wing 5*5 to 5\S, tail 7, 
bill 0*5, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Upper parts brown; upper part of the head and tips oE 
the wing-coverts rufous-cinnamon; nape with rufous and brown 
bars; rump and upper tail-coverts narrowly tipped with rufous; 
beneath cinnamon rufous; feathers of the throat and breast blackish 
brown, with a rufous spot at the tips, giving the breast the appearance 
of being black-spotted. 

Immature males have the breast black-spotted a-> in the female. 
Javan birds are smaller than the Tenasserim and Burmali ones 

(M. assimills, Hume). "Wing 6*1 inches, tail 6-8 to 7*1. Bornean 
birds are even smaller than the Javan birds. 
Ilab. Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Tenasserim, and 
Burmah. 
Wallace Coll. 


a, b. S ad. sk. W. Java. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

c. <3 ad. sk. W. Java (Wallace). 
Zool. Society's Coll. 

d. S .]uv. sk. Java, Oct. 
Massena Coll. 

e. S juv. st. Java. 
Purchased. 

/. Juv. st. Java. 

Tweoddale Coll. 

g, h, I ? ad. et Sumatra (Carl Bock). 
imm. <$ sk. 


Snlvin-Crodman Coll. 

l\ tf imm. sk. Sumatra (CarlBocJt). 
l9 m. <$ ad. sk. Kina Balu? N. Borneo. A. II. Everett, Escp 

O. Hose, Esq, [0.]. 
Dulit, 3000-5000 ft., June. ^ 

n-q. 6 ? ad. sk. 

Hume Coll. 

Salangore, April (W* Davi


r-tc. 5 ad. et <$ 

son).

imm. sk. 

Hume Coll. 

Mooleyit, Feb. (W. Davison). 

x-a!. 6 ad. sk. 

Hume Coll. 

Kollidoo, Jan. 

b'. $ ad. sk. 

E. W. Gates. Esq. 
Tonghoo. 

c'. $ ad. sk. 

[0.]. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tonghoo, April (JK. G. W.

d\ 5 ad. sk. 

JR.). 

Tweeddale Coll. 

$ ad. Karen Hills, Oct., Jan. (JR.

', f> ft-

G. W.MJ).
sk. 

25. Macropygia nigrirostris. 
COLTDIBIDJE. 

m2 

Salvad. Atti R. Ac. So. Tor. xiii. p. 315 ($) (1878): Sclat. 

P. Z. S. 1879? p. 447; Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. xii. p. 402 
(1878); Fin&ch, P Z. S. 1879, p. 13 ; D'Alb. $ Salvad. Ann. Mw*. 
Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 122 (1879); Rams. Pr. Linn. Snc. X S. IV. iv. 
p. 314 (1879) j If Alb. Kuova Gain, p. 588 (1&30); Fimch, Ibi*, 
1881, p. 539; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. pp. 149, 501 (Xew 
Britain) (lS&2);Finsc7if Tor/, d. Sihlsee,^. 19 (New Britain) (lfe^4): 
Guillem. P. Z. & 1885, p. (562; IFW/. 22«?ws. ife, 1800, p. 2:10: 
Meyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 423 ; Ilein. fy Rchiw Xomencl. Mm. lit in. 
Orn. p. 278 (1890); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) x. p. b25 
(1891); id. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 03 {Agg. Orn. Pap. 
e Mol. p. 189) (1891). 
Adult male. Above chestnut, darker arid with a purple tinge on 
the crown and occiput; forehead, sides of the head, neck, arcl 
nnderparts uniform cinnamon; rump and upper tail-coverts chestnut. 
with black bars; upper wing-coverts chestnut-brown, with rufous-
chestnut edges; quills black ; under wing-coverts and inner webs of 
the quills below, towards the base, cinnamon; six central tail-feathers 
very distinctly barred with blackish brown as in M. It^tograuitiuca; 
the three outer pairs bright rufous, the outermost one with the outer 
web lighter; all three pairs with a broad black sub apical bar, extending 
towards the base on the inner web : " bill black ; feet coral-
red ; iris orange; naked skin round the eyes brick-red r (Beccari). 
Total length about 11*5 inches, wing o*^, tail 0, bill 0-0, tarsus 
0-65. 

Female. Different from the male; dark brown-chestnut, but 
lighter than the male, brighter and more rufous on the rump, upper 
tail-coverts, and tail; back and wings, as well as the rump and upper 
tail-coverts, with dark and rufous bars; head dark brown, lighter 
on the forehead, where the feathers are pale cinnamon with black 
edges, the rest of the upper part of the head with rufous striations 
along the middle of the feathers; nape rufous, with irregular brown 
bars ; nnderparts pale cinnamon; the breast with irregular bars, 
more or less crescentic; tail as in the male. 

Young male. Feathers of the head tipped with rufous ; nape and 
mantle brown, almost regularly barred with rufous ; feathers of the 
throat pale rufous, with black edges ; breast with brown bars ; 
wing-coverts and secondaries broadly edged with rufous; tail irregularly 
barred with rufous, especially towards the tip. 

Hdh. New Guinea, New Britain, Duke of York Island, and New 
Ireland. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Has, N.W. New Guinea, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b, c. (S $ ad.sk. Amberbaki, N.W. New Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Guinea, May. 
d,eKf. <$ gad.sk. S.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

g. S 
juv. sk. Sogeri, S.E. New Guinea, H. O. Forbes, Esq. 
Dec. [0.]. 
7i, i. (S $ ad. sk. Duke of York Is., March & Rev. G. Brown [C.]. 
Sept. 
7c. ? ad. sk. Duke of York Is., Oct. (Rev. Tweeddale Coll. 

G. Broiori). 
6. MA.CHOPYGIA. 
30 3 
/. J ad. sk. New Ireland, Nov. (Rev. G. Tweoddale Coll. 
Broum). 
m. S ad. sk. New Britain, Nov. Ilr. J. Klein^chmidt 
[0.]. 

2Q. Macropygia rufo-castanea. 

Macropygia, sp., Hams. Pr. Linn. Soc. JST. S. TV. iv. p. 73 (Lango, 
Guadalcanal') (1870); Salvad. Ibis, 18b0, p. 128. 

Macropvaia rufo-castanea, Rams. Pr. linn, Soc. Ar. S. W. iv. p, 814 
(June 25, 1870), vii. pp. 37, 670 (Solomon Isl.) (1«82); Rchnn. ,y 
Sehal J. f. O. LSS2, p. 117 ; Sahad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. pp. 140, 
501 (1882); Grant, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 302 (Alu), 1888, p. 200 
(Aola) 5 Wardl. Hams. Ibis, 1800, p. 220 ; Sahad. Mem. R. Ac. 
Sc. Toi\ (2) xlii. p. 03 (Agg. Orn. Pap. eMol p. 180) (1801). 

Macropygia arossi, Tribtr. Ibis, October 1870, p. 440; Sahad. Ibis, 

18b0,*p. 131. 
Macropygia castanea (errore), Sahad. Ibis, 1880, pp. 128, 131. 
Macrop}gia cros&i (sic), Tristr. Ibis, 1882, p. 144, n. 83; Rams. ibid. 

p. 474. 
Macropygia arossiana, 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. R. p. 39 (1880); id. Ibis, 
1892, p. 207 (liugotu, Solomon Isl.). 

Adult female. Above rufous chestnut, paler or cinnamon beneath, 
paler still on the throat; crop-feathers forked as in 21. rufa, black 
at base and tipped with cinnamon; quills and primary-coverts 
brown-black, the inner webs towards the base, like the under wing-
coverts, cinnamon ; tail rufous chestnut, brighter on the outer pair 
of feathers ; the three outer pairs have a dark subterminal band, 
extending towards the base of the inner web : " iris orange ; bill 
black; feet red" (Woodford). Total length 11*5 to 12 inches, 
wing 5*7, tail 6*3, bill 047, tarsus 0-75. 

Young female. Head-feathers blackish at base, and with a black 
spot on either web ; upper wing-coverts brown, with broad rufous-
cinnamon tips ; some slight indication of dark bars near the tip of 
the tertials ; tail-feathers more pointed; crop-feathers not forked. 

The adult male is unknown to me. 
Rob. Solomon Islands. 

a, b, c. § ad et juv. sk. Guadalcanal. C. M. Woodford, Esq. [0.1. 

d. (S juv. sk. Alu. 0. M. Woodford, Esq. [O.j. 
27. Macropygia rufa. 
? Macropygia, sp., Tristr. Ibis, 1876, p. 264 (Aneiteum); id. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 39 (Aneiteum, N. Hebrides, Inglis) (1879). 

Macropygia rufa, Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 287 (1878) 
(Havannah Harbour, Sandwich I.); Tristr. Ibis, 1879, pp. 104, 
443 (Tanna, VatS, Aneiteum); E. L. C. § E. L. Layard, Ibis, 
1880, p. 292 ( = C. ferruginea, Forst.*) j Rams. Ibis, 1882, p. 344; 
Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (1889) j Wardl. Rams. Ibis, 1890, p. 227; 
Wiglesw. Aves Polynes. p. 54, n. 276 (1801). 

* Columba ferruginea, Forst., has a short tail: Columba brachyura, &c.; and 
it is stated to be allied to C. kucophrys, which is a Pklogoenas. 
COLTTMBiD-E. 

Adult male. u Above chestmit-hrown, browner on the upper tail-
coverts, beneath paler and more hazel; under -wing-coverts and 
axillaries bright rufous; tail beneath ^or rather above*?} pale 
chestnut; three outer pairs of rectriees buff, with a bru id 1 and acroas 
the centre of the feathers and extending: toward* the b i<e of the 
inner web: 'iris orange; bill black; less dull rid" <£'/,/«/•/fy." 
(Yate, X Hebrides, Jif>rs. T/istniuu tide IHv^V?" 11 n. *» rm f 

Adult male {Erromango I Above dull ehtvir:t-l uwn. brighter 
on the rump and upper tail-euvexi> ; IbreLeid. allc* of the head. 
fore neck, breast, and under tail-cuverU ml u^ che-t^ut or dull 
cinnamon; feathers of the brc-t*t furked u^ in &nme -ptci*^ of 
Ptilojji; abdomen paler and minutely treekled with br r*\\; under 
wing-coverts and inner webs of the quills towird* the b ise rufJU? 
chestnut; tail above brown-chestnut; three outer p-:i* of reetrices 
bright rufous, with a broad black band on the apk/il p >m* n. extending 
towards the base of the inner web: *• i m yellow; bill link ; 
feet red1J (LaiftrM). Total length about 1*2*3 iu.he-, vriuj **•;$, t ill 7, 
bill 0-51, WMLS 0*5. 

Female. Like the male, but paler, with no uniform clnn IM< ri i .lour 
on the forehead, >idus of the head, ion* wck, unl br«*^t. tbe-i« pul^ 
being pale rufous, minuteh treckl**d \\ itli brou n : t he thr» a whitish; 
the forked feathers of the bre.i-t showing «lu-I:\ ! iv*, and &mn: 
having paler tips ; u iiU yellow ; i'i et eherry " i Lmjtiwh. 

Another specimen from Aneiteum is like ihe 11^\ hnl ,41trlitly 
darker above, and wine of the breast-feather are p lier, ulan^t 
whitish towards the tips. 

Eak New Hebrides—Yate, Aneiteum, Tmna, Erroiiiaiigo, 
Ambrym, Mallicolo, St. Bartholomew, &anto, ApL 

a. (S ad. sk Errumanpro, New Hebrides,
June (IS. L. Layurd), 
r*aIvin-<» jtliiiitii CJIL 
b* Ad. ske. $ ad.sk. 
Aneit<*um, New Ih-kitlrs. 
Port Ke-olution, Tauna Is., 
Cuming f ViL 
^dlilh-ihhlnmuCiAh^ 
July (G. IS, Itiehante), 

* IIACEOPYOIA MMKIXf.AU. 
Maeropygia itiackinlavi, ft'im* Pr* Linn. S*»c. X *S*. If. IL pp. &**>T 2>*7 
(lb78) (Tanna), iiil p. tfJJO (167% y«Vr- #'«. 1^7Ur }#. Utf; JJWitf. 
IiVzw. i&fe, 1890, p. 227; Wiglem. Arts I'otyiy >. p. 04, ii. 277 (l^Ol). 

Female. u The whole of the upper surface dark mhj brown, darker on the 
wings; the second, third, and fourth primary quilln with an inconspicuous 
narrow line of white on the outer edge of the outer web; the rump and upper 
tail-coverts, wing-coverts, and scapularies minutely freckled with a*hy white, 
giving a powdery appearance to those park; the untier surface is of a light 
ashy brown, blackish on the centre of the breast feat hero, which are forked; 
the throat and the whole of the under surface minutely freckled with a light 
ashy tint; under wing-coverU and inmr ttrbs of the qudte mhg irhifo; tail ashy 
brown, lighter below, the outer feathers abore biaekuh, with the tips ashy 
white and an oval cream-coloured patch occupying the central portion of the 
feathers and extending over the outer web to the b,i«$; the blackish colour 
from the inner web extends in a wedge-shaped stripe aloag the shaft; the 
next feather similar, but without the whitish mark on the outer web j an oval 

7 . KEIWAEDTGEXAS. 
7, EEIHWAEDTCEETAS. 

^ Type. 
fleinwardtcena, Bp. Comp. Ai\ ii. p. 59 (1854) E. reinwardti. 
Eeinwardtssnas, Bp. Ami. Sc. Nat. (4} ill. p. 140, 
H.-1666 (1854). 
Eeiirwardtiena, G. R. Gr. List Spec. B. Brit Mm. 
Columbia, p. 40 (1350). 
Ooccyzcenas, Seine, Xomencl. Mus. Kein. Grn. p. 278 
(1890) (=Eelnwardtcenasj. 

Range. From Celebes to Duke of York Island. 

Key to the Species* 

a. 
Back chestnut. 
a\ Larprer, more greyish rehmardii, p. 305. 
b1. Smaller, more white minor, p. 867. 
b. Back slate-black 
browni, p. 867, 
1. Eeiawai&tanas reiawardti. 
Columba reinwardt4 (sir), Temm. PL Col 248 (livx. 42, 1825) 

(Celebes, type examined); Stepk. Gen. ZOOI.XIY.^. 293(1820); 

Lets. Man. dOm. ii. p. 163 (1828); id. Tr. <VQm. p. 473 (1831) 

(Xew Guinea); id. Cmnpl de Buf., Ois. viil p. 71 (1837) (Celebes, 

Moluccas, and Xew Guinea); id, op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 288 (lfe38). 

Columba remwardtii, Demn. Bid. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 358 (1826); Wagl. 

St/st Av. Columba, sp. 89 (1827); Pr&v. <V Knipf Pig* ii. pi. 6 

(err. pi. II) (1838-43); 8. MBit TerhemdL Land-en Yolkenk. 

p. 109 (Amboina) (1839-44). 
Macropygia reinwardii (ste), Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 349 (1837). 
Macropygia reiawardtii, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 7 (1844); 
JRchnb. Av. Si/st. Katun p. xxv (1852); G. R. Gr. List Spec. B. 
Brit Mus. Columke, p. 40 (1856); id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 196; id. 

oblique spot of cream-colour on the inner web only of the third quill, the fourth, 
fifth, and sixth without spots and of a uniform ash-brown; under tail-coverts 
cream?/ white; tarsi olive-brown ; bill black. Total length 12 inches, bill from 
forehead 0 6, from, base of nostril 0*5, wing 6*1, tail 6*8, outer tail-feather 3*6, 
tarsus 0*84.'* (Ramsay.) 

Hab* Tanna, N. Hebrides. 
" This interesting species has the peculiarity of ha¥ing the feathers of the 
chest forked, as in some of the Piilopi.n (Ramsay.) 

Mr. Ramsay, speaking of this species and M. rufa, remarks that " notwithstanding 
the great differences in coloration between the two, they may hereafter 
prove identical; the style of markings, he says, is very similar, but the 
bill in M. rufa is stronger and more rounded at the tip; both have comparatively 
weak bills, and on the whole are very slightly-built birds." 

As I have never seen this bird, which is only known to me from the description, 
I shall limit myself to repeating what Major Wardlaw Ramsay says:—" What 
this bird from the Island of Tanna can be I do not know. Mr. JB. P. Ramsay 
suggests (I. c>) the likelihood that it is the same as M. rufa, but it is difficult, 
from his description, to realize such a possibility. Certainly none of the four 
specimens described above (L c.) approach to the remarkable characters ascribed 
to M. maoMiUayi. On the other hand, it does not seem likely that an island 
of the size of Tanna should contain two distinct species of small MaeropyywJ* 

308 
COLOISIBJ:. 

Cat R Kew Gum, p. 01 (1809, ; Wtill Ib>\ 1500. p. 10S; G. F. 
Gr. P. £. S. 1800, p. 3U1 (Batehian, Gilolo v 1501. p. 4:J7 Wa%lt m \; 
Finsch, Km-Guin. p. 17* fl^OOu XJthtj. Mm. F^B: V Aui^hie, 

p. 104 (lfc"3): GiJj. Tlits. Orn. Ii p. 015 1 1^7-J ; lineal, lirki. 
naar Geehitikb. p.", 11" (1^701; iVl Malny. Ar MJJ. pp. ;ji>;j, ;J*JOT 
501 (1^79;: l>*V/\ Orf. C>tf. X'. p. V*hl^f'j. 
Eeinwardtcena tvpiea. Up. Cutsp.Ar. ii, p. -7J 1*04 ; <V7. Cj/,tpf. 
Fend, xxxix. p. 1112 H-04) ff-x Java IK xl p. i>lt«, 21. 171 \ l-00j ; 
iV/. £W^ rZ'ff// OM*. P>>/. pp. iK 07, n. 171 1*00*. 

Turaccena reinwarltii, Jlthnfj. T*nth n. i. p. st*, n. lUl, t. 202, f. 1400 
fl2(»-J;, ii. p. 170 Olenadu) d^LM. 
Ectopia s relnwardtii, R'nttib. X. T. X. J. xxv. p. iJ0M, n. i<b 
(IstfrJ); R J"./. O. 1HJ43 p. 1^1. 

Ttutur reinwardtii, Xthty. l)e JJktr^f. p. £Tn; l-*;4 1. 

l^iiiWctrdtn^ict i^inwanltii, Wall. lh\ 1*1 J0f p. -70 ; iV. J",/. O. 

lsj(5, f.'2<j; W(rf'L T)\ Z'JOL Sd\ \iii. p. .**0 11*7:! ; S v*fuMit*. 
Xau. Lhh. C J1UIIIIM\ p. 10 tl^7'ii : Stf? trf. Ann. M*t*t CVr. r*V\/*. 
%ii. pp. 700,fctfO (1^701, ix. pp. i:j. in), 12. r?) (] ^; , x. p, n«o 
(K7); Hams. Fr. Linn, >W. X. *S. IF. ill p, L'UM U**7si* iv-

p. 101, n. 171 (lSTflf: IfAlh. tf Sulml. Ahd, J///*. (»>. 6%//. xk. 
p. I'll (I^j ; J/f^/% I£/«, 1*7!', p. 1.17 «<M*b *»: sharp, 
Jmira. Linn. A«r.T Zml aiv. p. l>>j 11 H7iH ; 1/A%hm S*"ntt (fuLi. 
pp. f>2, 0^-0, ONH 1 l^oj. 
lleinwartltiwia* leiimardtii, fr. It. Or. I&m !-li*t, ii. p, L'.*7, 11. !*-iI0 
(INO) ; Mujir, J.f.O. IKVJ, p. 400, 

IteiBwardtu'iiaa 
ivrnwardtii, htt'ratL OHK Fa*. * J/#/» lii. p. 1^0 
(L^^J; Nharjje, Juum. Luttu *SV*.t ^^/, xu. p. 4W (Mili^* Bay) 
(Ifc^); Z*fe. ^ Xe/«*/;. ?>#*/i. r.-/#. f/m «*//«, I^^L1, p. 4^51 
(AinLoina); Xthrh. J. f. O. J3<5, p. :U ; OmVna. P. /. A", " 

^cZ^c?^ ?/?a7e. Head, neck? and mantle pale lavender; quills and 
outer wing-coverts dark brown, almost Mack; inner winjf-coverte, 
tertials, scapulars, and back rieb chestnut; fore part of iho neck 
and breast white; abdomen and under tail-coverts lavender, deeper 
on the latter; axillaries lavender; under wing-coverts black; central 
tail-feathers chestnut, the next two pairs chestnut, with the base 
brown-chestnut and a lavender bar, the fourth pair brown, barred 
with lavender and tipped with chestnut and brown, the fifth pair 
brown, barred and tipped with lavender, the outer pair lavender, 
with a black snbapical bar, and with outer web almost entirely 
white and the inner web black at the base: " bill red, tip black ; 
feet coral; naked skin round the eyes carmine; irides deep red" 
(D'Albertie). Total length about 20 Inches, wing 9, tail 12, MM 
0*75, tarsus 0*87. 

Female. Similar to the male, but smaller. 
Young. Head, neck, back, and underparts dull earthy brown, 
Instead of lavender. 

7. BEmYABBKEN'AS. 367 
Sab. Celebes, Halmahera* and Amboyna Groups, Xew Guinea 
with the western Papuan Islands, wanting in the Am and lie 
Islands, and also in Jobi, Maior, and Hiosnom. Specimens from the 
Papuan Islands have the breast pale lavender instead of pure 
white, 

Hajor "Wardlaw Eamsay mentions Lombock and Flores among 
the localities inhabited by this species, but I have failed to find the 
authority for this statement. 

a. Ad. sk. Celebes 
b. 2 ad. sfc. Gilulu ( Walare). Gould Cull. 
c, d. Ad. *4~. Batciiiaii. Wallace Coll. 
p. cT ad. sk. Batehiun ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Batciiiaii. Sah in-Godman Coll. 
*g. Ad. sk. Ambi \na. Sir E. Belr-lier "P.". 
h. Ad. «k. Aiiljiijiia, Wallace Coll. " i 
Ad. hk. E. Cerani {Wallace). Seebokm Coll. 
I:. (S ad. &. "WaL-iou. Walkce Coll. 
1 $ acl. sk. Salawatti, July (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
m. Ad. sk. ~St*\V (ruii pa. Wallace Coll. 
a. Ad. «k. New OniiiKi {Wallaw). Twneddale Coll. 
o. Ad. Mr. MVw (iiiln^a {Wntfatr). H*jebolim Coll. 
/;, <7- Ad. et juv. X.W. New < hanea. Sah in-( Todniau Coll. 
r. Acl. s.k. S.E. Xt*w 0 tiliif a. {-1. ChAtlii). Sah in-Oodman C< 11. 
a. Ad. sk. Purt 31oic-!jy. J. Broadbi'iit, E*q. 
f. Ad. sk. Port Moresby (.1. 6W//**t). Sah in-Godmaii Coll 
**. cJ acl. sk. Milne Bay. " C. Hun^tein, E-q. 
2. Eemwardtoenas minor. 
Maeropvgia reinwardtii minor, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Columlwe, p. 106 
(l673)"{fc$oek7 t\pe examined). 
Beimvardttjena minor, tialvad. Ami. Mm, Civ. Gen. ix. p. 203, n. 01 
(1876). 
Heinw ardteenas minor, Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 129 (18S2); 
Wardl. Rams. Ms, IfeOO, p. 242; Salvad. Mem. M. Ac. Sc. Tor. 

(2) xlii. p. 00 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e MoL p. 166) (1891). 
Similar to M. rcinwardti, but much smaller and of a much purer 

•white below, and whiter also on the head. Total length 10*20 
inches, wing 8-25, tail 8*25, bill 0*70, tarsus 0*90. 
Eak Misori Island, Geelvink Bay. 

3. Beiawardtcenas brown! 
Macropygia brown!, Selat. P. Z. S.1877, p. 110,1878, pp. 071, 07S; 
Fimih, Ibis, 1881, p. 538; Trktr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (1869). 
Keinwardtoenas browni, Salrad. Orn. Pap. e Md. iii. pp. 130, 501 
(1882); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, p. ^48; Wardl. Pmm, llm, 1800, 

p. 242; Sahad. Mem. It. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 60 (Agg. Dm. 
Pap. e MoL p. 180) (1891). 
368 
COLOIBfBj;. 

Adult male (type). Head, neck, and underpam white, tinged 
with grey on the occiput, nape, mantle, and Hanks ; back, remainder 
of upper parts, including wings and tail, black : the four outer tail-
feathers with a pale slate band towards the base ; tinder tiil-eoverts 
dark grey: u iris light yellow; bill and feet cherry *" {RkJtarde); 
'•iris blue with a broad orange margin; leas red** {Brown). 
Total length about IS inches wing df tail in, bill H->? tardus 1-1, 


Female. Similar to the male. 
Hah. Duke of York Maud and Xew Britain, 


a. 
S ad. sk. Duke of Yurk D. fj&'\ G. TV* f 111> C DH. 
Broirti \. I T\ pr of «j tfcie«.') 
b. Ad.sk. Duke of Yurk 1% {II i\ G. ^Ain-ii Anidn Cull. 
Brora* I. 
c. § ad. sk. Xew Britain, Jaa, Hr. J. Ivlfis-chmidt 
k C0EYPHCE1AS. 

T} pp. 
Corrphcenas WardL Rams* Ibi% h00f p. 240 ...... C. cra*siw»trh. 
Ct Ilancdlj W. -*!., " X«fe 6// if/if Anatomy tf ttrtt ran' fh wmi nf 

Pigeom" (IV. X/nn. Sue. X *$". W. 15L pp. ill 11 * J, I •** -if«; Manila tv 
Ramfiay,"On a new Genu* of ike Order Culumba.*" (I//e\ IttSH), 
pp. 24G-247). 

Range. Confined to Solomon Islands. 

1. CorypkBnas crassirostris. 
Turaecena 
crassirostris, Gould, P Z. S. 1858, p. 136; P/?. Compt. 
Rend, xliii. p. 839 (18*56); IFW. 2fc», l«tJ3f pp. #01, 3ft0; itf. 
J./ . O. 1806? p. 2fc3: Selat. P. Z. S. 1800, 118; (?. 12. <?r. 
Hand-list, ii. g. 237, n. 0309 (1820); &M. P. Z. & 1*78, p. 073; 
Ranis. Pr. Linn. Soc. W. S, W. ml. p. 30 (18*2); HancAl, ibid. 

p. 110 (anatomy) (1882); {?«f, P. 2. & 1HS8, p. 11*9 f Aoia, 
Guadalcanal). 
Macropygia crassirostris, G. R. Or. List B. Brit. Mm. Colnmbre, 

p. 40 (1856); id. Cat. P. Trap. Id. p. 43 (183) ; Selat. P. Z. S. 
1869, p. 124; G. R. Gr. Cruise of the 'Cura^a,' p. 300, pi 10 
(1873); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. ii. p. 517 (1875); Tristr. Ibb, 1882, " 
5. 144; id. Cat Coll B. p. 289 (1880). 
Reinwardtoena crassirostris, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen, ix, p. 204, 
n. 62 (1876). 
Keinwardtoenas crassirostris. Salvad. Orn. Pap. e MoL iiL pp. 131? 
560 (1882). 
OoryphoBuas crassixostris, 
WardL Rams. Ibis, 1890, p. 246; Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. Se. Tor. (2) xlii p. 60 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e MoL p. 180) 

Adult male. Head dusky brown; occipital feathers lengthened 
into a greyish-brown crest; whole plumage slate-colour, darker on 
the upper surface, or back, wings, and tail; outer three pairs of 
tail-feathers with a grey bar, the outermost feather has the outer 

9. ECTOPISTES. 
309 

web grey, except towards the apical portion : " iris reddish brown ; 
bill and legs carmine" (Woodford). Total length about 16 inches, 
wing 8*2, tail 8, bill 0*9, tarsus 1. 

Young (type). Head dark brown, occipital crest shorter than in 
the adult, with the tips of the feathers dark chestnut; the general 
plumage above darker slate-colour: beneath dark brown, changing 
into the slate of the adult. 

Hah. Guadalcanal*, Solomon Islands. 
a.
b. 
1mm. sk. 
<$ ad. sk. 
Guadalcanal. 
Guadalcanal. 
Toy. of H.M.S. * Herald.' 
(Type of species.) 
C. M. Woodford, Esq. [P.]. 

Subfamily III. ECTOPISTDLE. 

9. ECTOPISTES. 
Type. 
Ectopias, Sic. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 302 (1827)*; id. 
Class. B. ii. p. 348 (1*37) E. migratoriiw. 
Trygon, Brehm (nee Adan8.)> Ilandb. Nature/. Fog. 
Iteutsrfd. p. 495 11831) .' E. migratorius. 
Ranye. The same as that of the only species. 

1. Ectopistes migratorius. 
Palmnbus mijrraturius, Catrsb. Car. i. p. 23, pi. 23 (1754). 
Columba American A, Krtlm. It. ii, p. 527 (I75t>). 
Oenas americana, Brim. Orn. i. p. 100, n. 12 {1700). 
Turtur canadensis. Brim. Orn. i. p. 118, n. 21 (1700). 
Columba canadensis, Linn. S. X.i. p. 284, n. 30 (1708) (exBrtsson f) 


(female or young); Gm. S. X. i. p. 785, n. 30 (1788); Lath. Lid. 
Orn. ii. p/613, "k 72 (1700); Bonn. Tall. Enc. Meih. I p. 257 
(1790); Vieill X. D. xxvi. p. 377 (1818). 

Columba migratoria, Linn. S. N. I p. 285, n. 36 (1768); Forsfrr, 
BML Tram, xxiL p. 398 (1772); Gm. S. X. i. p. 789, n. 36 (1788) ; 
Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 612, n. 70 (1790) ; Bonn. Ene, Meth. i. p. 254 
(1790); Wik. Am. Orn. i. p. 102, pi. xliv. f. 1 (1808); Temm. $ 
Knip7 Pig. i. seconde fam. pis. 48? 49 (1808-11) ; Temm. Big. et 
Gattin. i. pp. 346, 487 (1813); Vieill. X. D. xxvi. p. 309 (1818); 
Steph. Gen. Zool xi. p. 93 (1819); Besm. Bid. fr. Xat. xl 

p. 3m (1828); Bp. Obs. Wilson, n. 179 (1825); Wagl Sgst. Av. 
Columba, fp. 91 (1827); And. Edinb. Journ. of Sc. xii. p. 257 
(1827); Flem. Hist. Brit. An. p. 145 (1828); 'Less. Tr. dOrn. 
p. 473 (1831); And. Orn. Biogr. i. p. 319 (1831); Xutt. Man. i. 
p. 629 (1832); Eyt. Hist, rarer Brit. B. p. 30 (1830); Less. 
Compl de Buff. Oh. viii. p. 62 (1837); id. op. cit 2nd ed. p. 286 
(1888); Aud. Orn. Biogr. v, p. 661, pi. &2 (1839); Temm. Man. 
oVOrn. iv. p. 309 (1840); Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1840, p. 43,1842, p. Ill, 
1875, p. 489. 
Pigeon de passage, Buff. Hist Xat OisAi. p. 527 (1771). 

* Swainson, among the charters of the genus Ectopistes, says that the tail 
is rounded or euneate, and mentions C. speciosa, Temm. (with a ?) and C. migr&toria, 
L., as the types; the same author restricted the genus Ectopistes to 
€. wigroforia, in the second work mentioned above. 
t By mistake Linne quotes Turtur jamakemis. Briss., instead of T. canadensis. 

VOL. XXL 2B 

370 
C0LU3OIDX. 

Tourterelle du Canada, D'Aubtnt PL Enl 170; Bvff. Hist. Xat. 
Ois. ii. p. 552 (1771). 
Columba histrio, Mull, Syst. Xat. SvppL p. 154, n. 41 (1770 j ; Cms. 

Pr. Ac. Xat. Sc. Phildd. 1804? p. 248. 
Columba ventralis. Mull. I c. n. 44 (1770); Ca**. I e. 
Canada Turtle, Lath. Sya. ii. 2, p. 055, n. 55 {1783). 
Migratory or Passenger Pigeon. I>///i. &?//i. ii, 2. p. fjHl, n. CI (17S3). 
Ectopistes miaratoria, #K\ #00/. Jour a. iii. p. 3t»2 tl-27 I: *7f. Paw?. 

Bor.-Am. ii p. 8t>3 (1-31): »SV//1 Xatur. Libr., Piyeoas. p. 177, 
pi. 19 (1835); bic. Clas*. B. ii. p. 34- {1-37 ; Bp. Cump. Li>t, 

p. 41 (lb3b); And, tii/n. p. 194 (1-JJili: <>/. J?. Am. \. p. 25, 
pi. 285 (1842): Goukl B. of Eur. pi 247 il-4-i: HW/*. ,Vty/\ 
P^ . p. 92 (lb53); P/>. CWN/A -4t. ii. p. 59 il-54j : iV/. CW/^. 
Rend. xxxi\. p. 1112 (lb54), xl. p. 1'lli, u. 172 {1555}; id. Coup 
cTceii Ordre Piq. pp. 2b, 29. n. 179 (1-55| ; /7/wtf. p f\ fj, 1^ 
p. 112 (Cuba) :*PVWY7, P. -V. .4/«. p. 0G0 (1-5-: CV//. * *$>«*. 
XP". TTfliA. 7>/v. p. 21-f 1-tiOf ; P%/7. J2^>.p. lfil (l-ni>i ; JW , 
Pr. P. J. P iv. p. 122 (1M54); Gvntll. Il^rf. Fh«u-X«t. Cuba, 
Lp. 302(18€5f: 0/*/>. Am. Xat.iil p. Ml (1-W ; «f. P. W . Lp.571 
{1870j (Puget's Sound); Tripp, Pr. £*>. JW Vi. p. II - (1-71/; 
Cbws, P%, p. 225. f. 145 (W2,: P.. P., wY P. X .iw, P. iii. 
p. 308, pi. 57. f. 4 (1*74); Cow/ N P. 3VM- JH ^ p. 3-7 (1-74) ; 
Chindl. J.f O. Ib74t p. 300; Samhtz, An. Mu^, Xm. 3/7 n>o, i. 
p. 104, n. ib -(1K7*); Con/, P/,s/ P. JT. P^/. p. 24 (1 — 5f; J/«ywar^, 
P. P. X ^w. p. 335 (1*M). 
Trygon nngratoria, Breltm, Ilandh. Xatttry. V*<y. Iintt^kl. p. 495 
(1831); id. Xaummmki, ISM, p. 2-t»; id. Vitjt f. p. 25- tl-55). 
Columba (Ectopistes) inSjnatoria, >SV. »y /&>//. JIn/w. Bur,-Amir., 
Birds, p. 3(33 (1*31). 
Ectopistes migratorius, <7. P . *?r. Gen. P. ii. p. 1-71 |1^I4|; Hartl. 
Syst Verz. p. 98 (1844); Rchnb. tittn. Ai\ £ 1377-70 (1*47); id. 
At. Syst. Xat p. xxv (1852); G. It Gr. IM B. Brit Mti,% 
CSolumba, p. tlj (185f>); Wied, J.f.O. KJ% p. 423; J?^»5. 
Pm^/2, i. p. 81, t. 249. ff. 1377-7*J |1HJ2|, II p. 170 (1*02); 
1%/. # 6-Vr/x>, Orn. Eitr. ii. p. 12 (lb07|; G. Ii. Gr. Handlist, 
ii.' p. 235, n. 92*1 (1»70); Baird A* COOJJ. Orn. of Cali


fornia, 
p. 509 (1870); Mnoiri P. Kamas. ed. 3, p. 10 (1875); Gieh. 
Thes. Oim. ii. p. 77 (1875); Sousa, MM. Xac. Lhb. Columbse, 

p. 10(1873); Sanchez § Villada^ Xaturahza, ii. p. 250 (1873); 
Sound. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 20 (18b2); Coues, Check-list, p. 92, 
n. 543 (1882); P. O. U. List Brit. P. p. 140 (lb83f; Seiat List 
Vert An. 8th ed. p. 449 (1883); Cbues, Keif X. Am. P. p. 5G6 
(1884); A. O. U. Check-list, p. 139 (Ibbfjf; Cory, Auk, 1887, 
p. 113; id. B. W. Ind. p. 214 (1889); Breimt Auk, 1889. 
pp. 286-291; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 38 (1889) ; Herrera, 
Aptmtes de Ornitol. p. 20 (— ?) ; Mem. 4" Rchnw. Xomenel. 
Mm. Hein. Orn. p. 278 (1800); P., Forest & Stream, xxx\. p. 190 
(1890); SMfeldt, PZ. S. 1891, p. 194; Hartert, Kat. Togetmmml 
p. 185 (1891); Thompson, Pr. U.S. Xat Mm. xiii. p. 522 (1891) 
(Manitoba); Taxi, Forest 8r Stream, xxxvii. p. 418 (1892); Ben-
dire, Life-Hut X. Am. Birds, p. 132 (J 892). 
Turturmigratoriiis, Schley. De Dierent, p. 305 (1864). 
Peristera migratoria, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Oolumke, p. 142 (1873). 
Trygon gregaria, Brehm, Xaumannia. 1855. p. 286*: id. Vogelf. 


p. 258 (1855). 
Adult male. Head, bind neck, back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and 
upper wing-coverts bluish grey, lighter on the rump; chin whitish 

* Ectopistes vniyratarius$ X Turtur risorius $, Mitch. P.Z. S. 1849, p, 172. 
0, ECTOPISTES. 
371 

o-rer ; throat and breast cinnamon-rufous, becoming pale vinous on 

the" abdomen and 
sides, flanks light grey: vent and under tail-

coverts white; the 
back and sides of neck glittering with golden 

and amethystine violet; scapulars, tertials, and 
median wing-

coverts with velvety-black spots ; quills brown-black with greyish 

edges, the inner primaries grey at the base of the outer webs ; 

under wing-coverts bluish grey; central tail-feathers dark grey, 

the remainder pearl-grey, nearly white towards the apical part, each 

with a patch of cinnamon at the base of the inner web, followed by 

a 
black spot: bill black; feet lake-red; iris orange; skin about 

eye red. Total length about 17 inches, wing 8-8*5, tail 8-4, bill 

0*75, tarsus 1. 

Female. Head, hind neck, back, scapulars, and smaller wing-

coverts pale brown : rump and upper tail-coverts grey ; sides of the 

neck glittering with amethystine-purple; throat reddish white; 

lower fore part of the neck and breast pale 
brown, paler than 

above, and fading 
into white on the abdomen and under tail-

coverts ; median and greater wing-coverts brownish grey; the 

median wing-coverts, the scapulars, and the tertials with black 

spots, more numerous than in the male; quills brown, the inner 

primaries dull greyish at the base of the inner web; tail as in the 

male, but the central feathers have a brown-grey tinge. 

Young. Like the female but still duller, the feathers of the upper 

parts and breast with white crescentic edges; quills edged with 

rufous ; the inner lateral feathers dull bronze-grey towards the tip. 

Hah. Eastern Xorth America, from Hudson's Bay southward, and 
westward to the Great Plains, straggling westward to Xevada and 
Washington Territory, Accidental in Cuba 

a. £ ad. sk. X. America. Hardwicke Bequest. 
b. <$ ad. sk. X. America. Hudson's Bay Co. [P.]. 
c. (S acl. st. X. America. 
d. J ad. sk. X. America. Purchased. 
e. 2 ad. sk. Canada (G. E. Shelley). Tweeddale Coll. 
M,h.6%*&. W. side of Rocky Mts. J. K. Lord, Esq.. [P.], 
et juv. sk. 

i. 
<$ ad. sk. 49th Parallel X. America Boundary 
Comm. 
hjl^m.S 
2 ad. Fort Dufferin. X. America Boundary 
sk. Comm. 

n. 
S ad. sk. Market, Diet, of ColumSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
bia, Feb. {Elliott Coues). 
o. 2 ad. sk. Lyonrs Falls, Xew York, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
April (A. J. Bay an). 
Pi q. 6 2 ad- sk. Big Otter Lake, Xew Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Yot\ April (G J5T. 
Merriam). 

r. <S juv. sk. Ontonagon, Michigan, Feb. Salvin-Godman CoU. 
(A. J. Bay an), 
&, 
t. Juv. et Adirondaeks, Xew York, Salvin-Godman CoU. 
pull. sk. June (C. M* Meniam). 

u. 
<$ ad. sk. Gropitville, Mass., May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(JET. W. Hemhaw). 
v. Juv. st. !J California. Purchased. 
to. 
Skeleton. Purchased. 
2B 2 

PBRISTERIB^. 

Family III. PERISTERIDiE. 

Key to ilie Sulfamities. 

a. Feathers of the neck not hackled. 
«'. A blackish spot more or less metallic 
beneath the ear-coverts; sides of 
the neck with a metallic gloss 1. ZENAID1X.E, p. 373. 
b!. No blackish spot beneath* the ear-
coverts. 
a". Xo metallic spot*, on the winjrs; 
tail of 12 feathers, rather broad; 
tarsus naked on the upper part; 
neck with a dark collar, more or 
less distinct, or with tcale-like 

patches on the sides ± TURTURINJE, p. 396. 

b". 3NO metallic spots on the wings: 
size of a Common Dove or much 
smaller; wings rounded, the primaries 
not much longer than the 
tertials; tarsus seuteilated anteriorly 
; tail rather long; no metallic 
lustre on the sides of the 
neck or on any other part; tail 


of 14 or 12 feathers 3. GEOPELXIE/E, p. 454, 

c". Metallic spots on the wings (except 
in Metriopelia melanoptera). 
Size small, much smaller than 
that of -a Common Bore; tail of 
12 feathers; the ba.se of the outer 
tail-feathers never of a grey colour, 
sharply defined from a dark apical 
band; primaries not much longer 
than the secondaries (except in 
Metriapelia melanoptera); general 
colour almost uniform. Confined 


to America 4. PEBmTEMINJBffA7Q» 

d". Metallic blue or green spots or 
patches on the wings; size generally 
larger than that of a Common 
Dove, if smaller the general colour 
not uniform. Confined to the Old 
"World 5. PMA£INsE,^m» 

«". No definite metallic spots or bands 
on the wings, although often a 
broad glossy violet patch near the 
bend of the whig; form robust or 
Partridge-like; legs very stout; 
tarsi decidedly longer than the 
middle toe, and variously scaled 
anteriorly; wings short, very 


1. ZENJJDTFXA. 
373 
broad and much rounded, but the 
primaries decidedly longer than 
the secondaries 6. GEOTRYGONINJE7 

b. 
Feathers of the neck hackled, very long [p. 537. 
and narrow 7. CALCBNADIXJB, p. 614. 
Subfamily!. ZENAIDIN^E. 

Key to the Gtmra. 

a. 
Scapulars and innermost upper wing-co\erts 
spotted with black. 
a\ Tail of 14 feathers; bill moderate and almost 
straight. 
a". Tail rather long, graduated or euneate . . 1. ZENAIDURA, p. 373. 
b". Tail moderate and rounded 2. ZENAIDA, p. 379. 

b\ 
Tail of VI feathers, rather short and 
rounded; bill rather long and much bent 
downwards " 3. NESOPELIA, p. 390. 

b. 
Xo black Kpots on the scapulars; a white patch 
on the exterior upper wing-coverts; tirst two 
primaries slightly scooped towards the apical 
third of the inner web; tail moderate, 
rounded, and rather broad .... 4. MKLOPELIA,P.391. 
1. ZEKAIDUBA*. 
lype. 
Zenaidura, Bp. Cvn*p. An, ii. p. 84 (1854) Z. carolinensis. 
Ferissura, Oak J. f. O. 1656, pp. Ill, 112 Z. carolinensis. 
Zenaedura, Couex, B. North-Went, p. *M) (1374). 

Range. From Xorthern to Central America and West Indies. 

# Zenaidura yucatanensis. Later, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 208 (1869) (Merida, 
Yucatan); <?. It Br. Hand-list\ ii. p. 23B, n. 9284 (1870); B„ B., # R. 
K Am. £. iii. p. 382 (note) (1874) (hybrid ?;; Sain IMs, 1874, p. 312 ; 
Sanchez, Ann. Mm. Xar. Mexico, L p. 105, n. 49L (1878); Bidgw* Aukt 
I p. 96 (1884); id. IV. U.S. Sat. Mm. riu p. 177 (1884). 

Cbamaepelia yueat&nensis, Gritb. Thes. 0m. i. p. 636 (1872). 

Thanks to the authorities of the Smithsonian Institution, I have been able to 
examine the type of Zenaidura t/umfammgis, and I quite agree with the authors 
of the * North American Birds* that It is so exactly intermediate between Zenaidura 
eamlinemm and Zenaida umabilk [potius yuratanensis] as to lead to the 
suspicion that it is a hybrid between the two: hk© them, it possesses fourteen 
tail-feathers; the coloration and size and shape of the bill are exactly those of 
Zenaida yucatanene-is, while the tail-feathers are intermediate in length and^ 
shape between those of the two species. The colours differ from those of 
Zenaida ywsafanemU only in being of a just perceptible lighter shade, there 
being the same broad white tip to the secondaries, brilliant steel-blue subauricular 
spot, and deep reddish vinaceous crissum characterizing Zsnaida 
pueatammw as distinguished from Zenaidura carolinensis; with the latter 
species it agrees in the white of the apical portion of the tail-feathers, while 
in Z* t/ueatanenm the same apical portion is constantly grey. 

374 
PEBISXEBIDJE:. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Beneath light purplish vinaeeous (d* I or pale 
brown ( $ ) j crissom nearly white. 
a'. Larger: total length about 12>5 inches, bat 
smaller bill (0*58) and feet (middle toe 0*82 I; 
above more greyish enrolments* p. 374. 

b'. 
Smaller: total length about 10*75 inche-, but 
lonsrer bill (0-tf 7j and feet (middle tje 0*fb \: 
above more brownish ............ ...... clnt-ionen^^ p. 37$, 

b. Beneath entirely rufou* cinnamuii ... ....... . y/w/>o/?% p. 37)?. 
1. ZenaidLura caroliuensis. 
Long-tailed Dove, Edir. Bird% i. p. 1~J» pi- !•> * 175Hf. 
Coluinba maeroura, Edir. op. cit. p. 125 f 17-301; Linn. & .V. fed. x.) 


p. 104, n. If] (partt (175^). 
Turtur carolineu>i>, Catenh. Car. i. p. 24, pi. 24 ^ 17->4 •; Urns. Orn. 
L p. 110, jl. uii.f. 1 <17ft(l|. 
Turtur americanus, BrLsK Orn. L p. 102 |17ti0? M r Ed/firdii. 
Columba caruIim*B*is Linn. S. X. L p. :Ni. n. 37 1ll|b;1 [*>r Otteshy^; 

(?//». *V. X. L p. 7X9T n. 37 ^17^S J; Lath. hid. Or«. ii. p. H13T n. 71 
(1790J; I/6/WL 7V/i/. JEV., Or//, i. p. 254 |17ifUi; 7VM?K. .V A«>, 
1%. L fain, wand**, pi.-i<i 11M» fj l ; \y{h. Am. Orn. \. p. ill, 
pi. 43. f. 1 |1M2>; Tftnm. Piy. td Oaf fat. i. pp. 355, 4^7 <W3>; 
M^ . T//«. ZW. xi. p. 9b* (IM*9); Up. Oh. Wih. n. 159 |I^25>; 
I)e*m. Diet, tie. Zat. xl p. :*.>(l*2ti): i>^. 7>. //'Or/^. p. 474 
(1831) ; .4^/. Orn. Bi**gr. i. p. 91 flH3! 1: -W/. J///?!, i. p. 023 
(1832); Z<w. (hmpL dv Bnjf\ Ok. \ ill. p. H5 |WJ7»; ///. up. cit. 
2nd ecL p. 2*7 (183^); And. Orn. liiuyr. v. p. 555, pi. 17 f1^39); 
U'Orb. m La *Vw/r<rA Hmt Xaf. Cuba, Ok. p. I70fl**39f fkrge 
ed.p. 129); D««/, P. Z. S. ]*47, pp. 39, W; limit M% lb47, 

p. till; &WZ. <CE#\ A". VH.-AImd. Furh. imK p. till f Porto Rico). 
Culumba maryrinata, 
Iw» , 8. X. i p. 2M», n. 40 (17MJ) (*? iSrlicards); 
Gm. ti. X. i. p. 791, n. 40 117^-^1; Lath. lud. Orn. ii. 

p. (314, u.73 <17i»0); Bonn. Tabl Enc, Orn. L p. SM (I7$K)>; F7«7/. 
X. D. xxvi. p. 3^6 (1818); 7^/ . %At Av. Columba,su. m \ 1 ?27); 
«?. J««, 18,11, p. oil). 
Tourterelle de la Caroline, IF Anient. PL EnL 17o. 
Tourtt, J>'?of. i?/,sf. i\^. Ow. ii. p. .>4)7 {1771). 
Tourterelle d'Amerique, Buff. op. cit. f.oo"2 (17711. 
Columba fu^ca, MiilL (nee Pall) #. X %y/. p. 334, is. 43 |1776); 

Cass. Pr. Ac. Kat. Sc. Philad. J8W. p. i4?<. 
(Proline Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. *27 p. fitt3f n. 115 |1783). 
Marginated Turtle, Lath. op. cit. p. 6*54-, n. €3 (17^3). 
Ectopistes earolinensis, Richards. Zixt (1837, teste Coues •; i?ji. Comp. 

Xwf, p 41 (1838); Aud. 8yn. p. 195 (lfc39); id. B. Am. v. p. 30, 
pi m (1842); Peale, Un. St. ExpL Exped., Birds, p. 112(1848); 
Ilartl Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 114; Woodh. Sitqr. Rep. p. 92 
(1853); Xewb. P. R. R. Rep. \i. p. 92 {1857); Ifefm. &VI x. 
pt. vi. p. 60 (1859). 

Ectopistes marginatum, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 2 (1844); 
Marti. SystVerz. p. 98 {18441; Ilrfoib. Syn. Ar. it 1380-82 
(1847); id. Av. Syst Nat. p. xxv (1852); O. R. Or. LH B. Brit. 
Mm. Columba?, p. 35 (1856). 

Ectopistes marginellus, 
Woodh. Pr. Ac. Xat. Ht\ Philad. 1852, p. 104 
(California); id. ffttgr. Rep. p. 93, pi. 5 (1853); O. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii, p. 236, n. 9283 ( WO). 

1 . ZEXAIDTTBA, 
375 

Zenaidura earolinensls, Bp. Consp. At. ii. p. 84 (1854); id. Compt 
Bend. xl. p. '220, n. 251 (1655); id. Coup deed Ordre Big. p. 58, 

n. 251 (1855); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 309 (Cordova); Salle, 
P. Z. S. 1857, p. 235 (San Domingo); Baird, B. X. Am. p. 604 
(1858); Kemi. P. P. P. Jtep.x. pt.iv. p.33 (1859); &fa*. P. Z.S. 
1859, p. 391; Sclat §• Sale. Ibis, 1859, p. 222 (Duenas); Coop. £ 
,S« . X JET. JTiwA. Terr. p. 21b (1860) ; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 227 
(Honduras): Rchnb. Tauben, I. p. 19, t. 249. ff. 1380-82 (1862); 
J2Wy<f. ifcp. 18(52. p. 172; Boarrlm. Br. Bost. Soc. ix. p. 127 (1862) 
(Maine); Allen, Br. Ess. Imt IT. p. 75 (1664): Coues, Br. Ac. X. 8. 
Fhilad. 1806, p. 93 (Arizona}: Drew, i&w, 18(50, p. 24 (Texas) ; 
Ghtmdl Revert, p. 30 (iMJfi) (Cuba) ; Mclhcr. Br. Ess. Inst. v. p. 91 
(l^OJj (Canada W.i; (?M/^ P;\ i&s. List v. p. 287 (1868); 
Laicr. Ann. Lyc. X I ' ix. p. 1;J9 (Costa Rica), p. 207 (Yucatan) 
(1869); Coop. Am. Xat. iii. p. 81 (1869); Baird $ Coop. B. Cat 
I. p. 512 (1870); Stev. U.8. Geol. Sure. Terr. 1870. p. 465 ; Alien, 
Bull M. C. Z. Iii. p, 161 (1872): Aitken, Br. Best Soc. 1872, 
p. 208; Cones, Key, p. 22^ t 140 {1^72): Sclat. $• Sah. Xomencl 
Ar. Xeotr. p. 132 (1673 j ; Lawr. Mem. Bost Soc. X H. ii. p. 334 
(1^74): B., B.f ,y P. X. Am. B. ill. p. 3*3, pi. 58. f. 2 (1874); Henshawn 
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. xi. p. 10 (W4) (Utah); Brewst ibid. p. 145 
(Wo); Snow, B. Eanm% ed. 3, p, 10 (WoJ; Lawr. Bull. U.S. 
Xat. Mm. n. 4, p. 44 (W0); Cory, Bull. Xutt Orn. Club, vi. p. 154 
(lbbl): Muynard, B. E. X Am. p. 338 (1N»1) (Haiti); Coues, 
Cherk-tht p. 92 (1^21; Sak. Cat. B. StricJd. Coll. p. 548 (lb82); 
Sclat. Lint Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 449 (lH<i\; Cory, B. Haiti $ 
San JDominyu. p. 129 U^5); id. Li*t B. W Ind. p. 23 (1885); 
Sat v. Ibi% 1VM9, p. 377 (Cozumel I.); Tri»tr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 40 
(18*9); llartrrt, KaU Vogehamml p. 185 (1M11). 
Zenaidura marpnella, 
Bp. Camp. Ai\ Ii. p. 65(1854); id. Compt. 
Bend, xl. p. 220, n. 2^2 (1654); M?. (W/? <*># O/tfra P/^. p. 58, 

n. 252 (1655); Ilchub. Tauben, I p. 20 (1802); G. P. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 2'Ml, n. 02*8 (1870). 
Trygon carulmen>is, Brekm, Voyelf. p. 256 (1^55). 
Perissura carolinon>is, Cab. J.f. 0.1850, p. Il l (Cuba); Brewer, Br. 

Bost Soc, Xat. Mint. vii. p. 807 (1H30) (Cuba); Gundl Repert. 
Fkico-Nat. Cuba, i. p. 301 (1S05); id. J.f. 0.1874, p. 298 (Cuba); 
Hein. 4* Itehnic. Xomencl. Mm. Hem. Orn. p. 278 (1890). 

Turtur carolinen^zs, Staler/. De Lierent. p. 200 (18(54). 
Columba (Zenaidura) carolraen^i*, Bryant, Br. Bost Soc. Xat. Hist. 


xi. p. 90 (1662) (San Domiupro). 
Ectopistes^marginata, G. R Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 236, n. 9282 (1870). 
Chamaepelia carolinenfeip, Gieh Thes. Orn. i. p. 033 (1872). 
Peristt»ra carolinen<*is, Sehleg. Mux. B.-B. Coiumbse, p. 142 (1873). 
Zenaedura earolinensls, Cour% B. Xorth-West, p. 389 (1874), 
Zenaidura macroura, Ridgic. Br. U.S. Xat. Mus. viii. p. 355 (1885); 
A. O. U Check-list X Am. Birds, p. 180 (188(5) (Haiti, San 
Dominpro, Cuba, Porto llico); Cory, Aid; 1887, p. 112; id. 
B. W. Ind. p. 213 (1«89); Thompson? Br. U.S. Xat. Mus. xiii. 
p. 523 (3891) (Manitoba); SAufeldt, P. Z. S. 1891, p. 194; 
Bendire, Life-HisL X Am. Birds, p. 139 (1892); JDwiykt, Auk, 
1892, p. 135 (Pennsylvania, AUeghanies); Scott, Auk, 1892, 
p. 212 (Florida); Attwater, L c. p. 233 (Texas); Cory, L c. p. 272 
(Cuba); Cherrie, L c. p. 329 (Costa Rica). 
Adult male. Above bluish, although this Is overlaid with light 
brownish olive, leaving the blue pux*e only oa the top of the head, 

376 
P£filSrEEIDJ£. 

the exterior of the wings, and the upper surface of the tail, which 
is even slightly tinged with this colour. The entire head, except 
the vertex, the sides of the neck, and the underpaid generally, light 
brownish red, strongly tinged with purple on the breast, becoming 
lighter behind and passing into brownish yellow on the anal region, 
tibia, and tinder tail-coverts; a black spot below the ear-e jverts; 
sides of the neck with a patch of metallic purplish red ; sides of the 
body and under surface of the wings clear light blue; innermost 
upper wing-coverts and bcapulars spotted with black, mostly concealed 
: tail-feathers seen from below black, the outer web of the 
outermost white, the others tippid \uth the sime, the colour 
becoming more and more bluish to the innermost, which is brown ; 
seen from above there ia> the .same gradation from white to light 
blue in the tips ; the re>t of the feather, however, h blue, with a 
bar of black anterior to the light tip; in the >ixth fe ither the 
colour is uniform bluish, with this bar; the seventh b> without the 
bar: '* bill black; iris brown ; bare skin around eye livid bluish ; 
feet lake-red/' Length about 1^*5 inches ving 5-73, tail 5*7, 
bill O*o8, tardus 0*77>? middle toe without nail t»*H± * 

Ftutah, A little smaller ; not purplish b* low, the rieh colour 
replaced by greyLh brown like the back* but paler ; head and neck 
with little of the glaucous blue shade and le*a indigent. 

Youitrj. 4* like tlie female, but at an early litre the velvety black 
spots and iridescence are wanting and the* general tune k quite 
grey; many feathers with whitish edging, as in the Wild Pigeon 
(Eetopistes iiiigrotwiits), with which not only the colour*, but the 
sexual and juvenile differences are thus ekwely corresponding" 

{Coves). 
Hah. Xorth America, from Southern Maine, Southern Canada, 
and Oregon, south to Panama and the West Indies. 
Some specimens from Central America are less purple, and more 
golden on the sides of the neck. 

a, h, Ad. sk. X. America. Ilardwieke Bequest. 
c, d. Ad. bk. 49th Parallel; May, June. X. Anier. Boundary 
Coiumiwon [P.]. 

ac*-s^


e~h. $ 2W. side Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord, "Esq. 

t. 5 ad. sk. Wankejran, Illinois, April. tSah in-Godman Coll. 
k. $ 
ad. sk. Prov. Utah, Aug. (M. W. Salvin-O-odman Ooll. 
Hemhaw). 
/, m. <$ ad. et $ Colorado Springs, June [E. JT. Salvin-Godman Coll, 
pull. sk. Menshaic). 

n. [ $ ] ad. sk. East Hampton, Mass., Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. c? ad. sk. New Haven, May {A. J. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Daycm). 

p. <J ad. sk. Throckmorton's Swamp, Dist. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
of Columbia, April (j& Cones), 

q. $ ad. sk. Haws Branch, D.C., March. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r~z. 
3 5 ad. et Washington, District of ColumSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
pull. sk. bia, March to Mav and Sept. 

(II, W. Eenskaw). 

1. ZESAXDVB.L. 
377 
a', d ad. sk. Aiken, S. Carolina (C. H. Mer- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
nam). 

b'. $ juv. sk. Melbourne, Florida, Sept* (IF*. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Koxie). 

c'. S ad. sk. Brownsville, Texas, April Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(F. B. Armstrong), 
d'-o. 
d 2 &d.et Corpus Christ!, Texas, May, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
inim. sk. Sept. to Dec. (F. B. Armstrong). 

p\ 2 fcd.sk. Hidalgo, Texas, April (F. B.
Armstrong). 
(/. [2 ] inini.sk. Huili-ter, Calif orria, Nov.
\IL W. Ilemhaw). 

/-w'. d 2 ad. ak. Ballena, San Diego, Co. Call-
forma, March, Ma}-, June (F. 
St rpile tit). 

£ . d ad. bk. Ysleta. fcJonora, Mexico, Mav(IF. Lloyd). 
. d imm. sk. Atotonilco, Mexico, July (Fer


y' 

rari-Perez |. 

* 
J. a"., d ad. &k. Pe^queria (Grande, X. Leon,
Mexico, May (F. B. Armstrong). 
u>', c". d ad. -k. Topo Chico, X. Lw»n, Mexico,
March, April (F. B. Armftfro/
tg), 

d", ?",/"• d ad. Hacienda de La-* F^cobas X.

d" 

,r. ^ ^ 

sk. Iji'oii. Mexico, April, May 

f 
. 6 ad, sk. 
h'\i". $imm. etjuv. sk.

k", l", $ $ &&.

hk.
m"-~p'\ d S ^d.

sk.
q". [J] ad. sk.
r\ d ad. sk.
s". $ ad. sk.
t". $ ad. sk.
«"> #"• d 2 ad.

sk.
w". d ad. sk.
x". d ad. sk.
g". d ad. sk,
z". d ad. sk.

(F. B. Armstrong \. 
Hacienda d** Los TreviiioN, X.
Leon, Mexico, May {F. B. 
Armtitrtuif/I. 

 Aguas (Vilientes Mexico, Aug.

 ( W. B, Jthhanhun), 
Plains of San Luis Poto-i, 
Mexico, July f W. B. Riehardsfjn 
K 

 Aldama, Tumaulipa^ Maivh

 ( W. B, Puchardmti). 
Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas,
April (W. IL Rii-hardwti). 
Tampico, Mexico, Feb. (W. B.
Rielmrd&m) 

 Tamew, near Tampico, Mexico,
March {W. B, Richardson), 
Zapotlan, Jalisco. Mexico, Dec.


(JF. B. Richardmn). 

 Zacoalco, Jalisco, Mexico, 
March ( JF. B. Rivkardwn), 
Bolafios, Jalisco, [Mexico, Feb.


(W. B. Richardson). 
Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, Sept.

(JF. B. Richardson). 

 Huipulco, Valley of Mexico,
April (Ferrari-Perez), 

 S. Miguel Molino, Mexico, Feb.
(Ferrari™ Perez), 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Sah in-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-(todman Coll. 

 Sahiu-Godman Coll. 

 Sah in-Godman Coll. 
balvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sah in-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


378 PERISIEBJD^. 

az3 bs. $ ad sk. Oaxaca, Mexico* March (7r«-Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c3, d\ $ ad. sk. Villa Alta, Oaxaca, Mexico* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
March (Tmjilfo). 
&*. S ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(W. B. Richardsmi). 
f^rf. Ad. etjuv. Mexico. Purchased. 
sk. 
A3. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. 
t3. J ad. sk. Guatemala. Gould Coll. 
h\f. J?ad.sk. Duenas, Guatemala (0. &.). Salt in-Gudman Coll. 
m3, w3. c? ad. sk. San Martin, Quezaltenango, Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Guatemala, Oct. (IF. B. 
Bichardmn). 

o\ J ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(G. F. Gaumer). 
j?s. J ad. sk San Josi, Costa Rica (51. L. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Caileja). 
?> [$>d . sk. San Jose*, Costa Elea, Jan. Salvin-Godman Coll. 


{J. Carmiol). 
?*3? a3, d ? ad. sk. Calobre, Yerasrua (Aree 1. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*3. <$ ad. sk. Yolcan de Ohiriqui {Aref\, Sah in-Godman Coll. 
«3, r3, wz. J ad. San Uhristobal, Cuba (6*. F. iSalvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. Gaumer). 
a-3. Ad. sk. Ilavti. Baron Maltzan X1.]. 
y%. Iinm. sk. No locality. 

2. Zenaidura clariouensis. 
Zenaidura elarionensis, Towns. Fr. U.S. XaL Mm. xiii. p. 133(1890) 
(Clarion Isl.) (types examined). 

Similar to Z. carolinensis, from which it differs in being smaller, 
although with larger bill and feet, and in having the upper parts 
olive-brown instead of olive-grey. Total length about 10*75 inches, 
wing 5-5, tail 4*8, bill 0*67, tarsus 0-9, middle toe without nail 0*98. 

The male, as in the allied species, has the forehead, sides of the 
head, and underparts vinous; while the female has the same parts 
pale brown, without vinous tinge. 

Hob. Clarion Island, off west coast of Mexico. 

3. Zenaidura graysoni. 
Zenaidura graysoni, Baird, MS.; Lamr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. x. p. 17 
(1871) (Socorro Isl.); Grayson, Fr. Bmi. Soc. X. JET. xiv. p. 299 
(1871); Lawn Mem. Bmi. Soc. X. if. ii. p. 304 (1874); Safa. 
JW*,1874, p. 312; B.7 £., «$• M. X Am. B. iii. p. 382 (1874); 

Gieh. The*. Or%. iii. p. 709 (1877); Towns. Pr. U.S. Xat Mm: 

xiii. p. 135 (ad.) (1890) *. 
Adult. Upper parts brown; sides of the neck with a patch of 

* Thanks to the authorities of the Smithsonian Institution, I have seen the 
adult bird described by Mr. Townsend, and from it 1 lime taken my description. 
2 . ZJBNAIDA. 
379 
metallic coppery red; a black spot below the ear-coverts; the inner 
upper wing-coverts, some of the scapulars and inner secondaries 
with black spots; occiput dark grey ; forehead, sides o£ the head, 
throat, and lower parts rufous cinnamon; sides, axiUaries, and 
under wing-coverts grey; quills brown; two central tail-feathers 
brown, the lateral ones grey, with the basal portion of the outer 
web brown, the outer one has also the outer web grey; all the 
lateral feathers have the apical portion grey and an irregular black 
band between it and the basal portion: " bill black ; iris, feet, and 
legs red" (C. E, Towmend). Total length about 11 inches, wing 
5"t>, tail 4*8, bill 0*f55, tarsus 1 05. 

Hub. Socorro Islands. 

2. ZENAIDA.
Type. 
Zenaida, Bp. Comp. List, p. 41 {18;J8) Z. amabilis. 
iStenuroena (subgen.), JRchnk Tmtben7 i. p. 20 (1802) .. Z. stenura. 
Platyptercena (subgen.), Behib. Taubeu} i, p. 20 (1862). Z. pentheria 

(=ruhcauda?). 

Mange. From Yucatan, and from Florida Keys through the 
Antilles, to South America, as far as Chili. 

Ke^ to the Bptcim. 

a. 
Secondaries conspicuously tipped with white, 
forming a terminal band. 
a\ Abdomen pale vicouA, changing Into white 
on the lower part and on the under tail-
coverts aurita, p. 380. 


b'. Abdomen and under tail-em erts dark vinous. 
a". Upper parts chocolate-brown amabilis, p. 382. 
V\ Upper parts lighter and paler, olive-


brown ... 
yttcatanenstSf p. 384. 

b. Secondaries with no white band at the tip. 
a'. Terminal portion of the outer tail-feathers 
white , auriculata, p. 384. 

(T. Terminal portion of the lateral tail-feathers 
more or less rufous. 
e". Terminal portion of the lateral tail-
feathers decidedly rufous. 
aw. Larger: wing G'3 inches; abdomen 
and under tail-coverts cinnamon, with 
no vinous tinge. mficcmda, p. 387. 

#'". Smaller: wing 5*4 inches; all the 
lower parts rufous, with a distinct 
vinous tinge ." vinaceo-rvfa, p. 389. 

d". 
Terminal portion of the lateral tail-
feathers pale vinaceouH, fading into 
almost white on outer feather ....... . Jeme<e% p. 389. 

* Blue Partridge, Gom^ B. Jam, p. 324 (1847). 
Zenaida? phimbea, Gtme, IUuttr. B, Jam, pL 8 J (184ft); Rrhnh, Syn. Av. 
380 
PEKISTEBIDJE. 

1. Zenaida aurita. 
Le Pigeon de la 3Iartinique, Briss. Orn. i. p. 108, sp. 14 (1780). 
Columba martinicana, Briss. op.cit. p. 104 (175*0). 
Columba martinica. var. 3, dm. S. X. I. 2. p. 7S1, n. 24, Tar. £ 

(1788) (syn. emend.); Lath. Lid. Orn. ii, p. 50-5, n. 7, var. jS 
(1790) {-in. emend.); VieilL X. D. xxvi. p. £551 (1^1^ . 
Coluruba aurita, Temm. <$• Knip. Big. i. faro. ^HC. p. MX pis. 25 (ad.), 
25 bis** (younirfj (lfc0t>-ll» (Martinicaj; Tethm. Big. et Gaiiin. 

i. pp. 247, 407" (part.) (1610); tifrjlt. /VV*. # o/. xi. p. 51 (part.) 
(Ibl9j; De^m. Diet. tie. Xat. xl. p. :j:*l 11^0 : X#<^. (hmpi.de 
Buff., Ois. viii. p. 60 (part.) (ISJ7): ///. «//?. rir. 2nd td. p. 2B5 
(part.) (lfc^N ; rtfo//*Y. P. Z. ti. ie75t p. 4*1*. 
? Columba Ieucoptera, part., F7e///. X. D. xxvi. p* 351 fl^lSi. 
Columba cutanea, J/A^/. ^/,sf. Ar. C< lumba, *p. 77 f 1^271, 
Zenaida aurita, <9. P . fir. fien. B. iL p. 475, n. 4 f iK45f i^\cl. ^vn.f; 


i&vW. &//*. Ar. til 14I:j~J4 <J^47;; 6-'. IL Or. Ilmd-Iilt, ii. 

p. 241,ii.,[Ki57 <1*70). 
Peristera custaiiea, fr. I?. 6-V. *rV«. 2?. ii. p. 47H, IL lit (1*45}. 
Zenaida martinicana, Bp. Onwp. Ar. ii. p, Mi (l<54j ipr Briss.) ; 
id. Chvipf. Itrtid. xl. pp. U7, 22Ht n. 1'f'J 'W35 ; id. (*oup tTtpil 
Ordre Big. jp. 41, 5% n. LMO (lvi5|; lb huh. Tanbn, i, p. 21; 

t. 254. rf. 1413-14 (I *M2)j Tmjhr.lUK WU. p. 171 f Dominica, 
Portorieo); Selat. 4* Sale. Xummrl. * i r. X* ^troj *. p. V4"2, n. 2 1 '^7*1) ; 
Garmh B.Z.ti. 1S""4> pp. 250, 250; X////T. /V. r.*V. .W . 3JV. 
i. pp. 1JJ0, 4*7 (W s f /Barbuda, Aiiiiirtu, (huuh-h up*, Dominica, 
Martinic.t, St. Vine-Hit, (irmndm; tit//ft. P. Z. S. 1*7!*, p. 705 
(MmnSerrat): Zi*trr, Ibis, IM), p. 4*1 (St. Vinem^; „'*///«, /;«//. 
3VzY. Orw. (7;///, v. p. WJ flh*Ot (St. LficuO; ari*dafe. Ibis, 
lhb'2, p. 4U2 (MontMiiTat); tie/at. Li»t Vert. An. Kh ML p. 455 
(]<s*2) (Union Island, one of the Grenadine, \*<\); Cory* Lmt B. 
W.Lul p. 24 (IHNJ); Wells, Br. llti. Xat Mm. lfrNJ, p. 024 
(Grenada): id. List B. Grenada, p. 7 (lf-801; ^'o;f/, A?/k9 1^^, 

p. 114; zV. if. Jf. I«<f. p. i>lo (IWI); iVe/rrf. P. Z k lbbttf p. ;J26 
(Dominica), ^92 ? p. 400 (Angnilla). 
Zenaida 
bimaculata, G. K. Gr. MS, Mm. Brit.; id. List IL Brit. 
Mus, Columba?, p. 47 (Barljadoes) (1850J; i?/;, Compt. Rvnd. xl. 

p. 07(18ooJ (Bnrmuda t) : w?. Cro«f/> efo?// Ordr. Big. p. 41 (lfe*>j); /<r/. 
Columbariae, AowY. t. 245. L 25i$0 (1851); A. if E. Xnt-i. llandh. Jcini. 

p. 114(1881). 
Mefriopelia plumbea, Bp. Cow^p At\ ii, p. 70 (1H,"4); id. f'unipt. I/end. 
xl. pp. 24, 220, n. 22(5 (185,3); id. Chap (tail Ordre Pig. pp. 41, 58, 
n. 220 (1855); id. Cotnpt. Bind, xliii. p. 945 fia%). 
Metriopeleia plumbea, Rehab. Tauten, i. p. 1% t. 245. i 2390 (1882), ii. 
p. 104, n. 34 (1802). 
Chama?pelia plumbea, Gieb. 17tes. Orn. I p. 635 (1872). 
The figure of thin bird in Crosse's * Illustrations' is ttiken from an unpublished 
drawing by a Mr. Robinson. It is entirely of a bluish lead-colour; the secondaries 
have a black speculum and are tipped with white ; alpo the lateral tail-
feathers are tipped with white. 

It seems that Q-osse only knew this bird from having heard woodsmen speak 
of it, and he remarks that no doubt it is " a ground pigeon." It has the 
appearance of a Ze?midat but it remains a doubtful species. 

* PL 25 bis seems to bslong to a different bpeeie*. 
t It seems that the locality Bermuda rests on a mistake made by Bonaparte. 
2. ZEXAIDA. 3S1 
Compt Mend, xliil, pp. 940, 949 (1830); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 

p. 241, n. 93-51 (1S70) (Barbados). 
Columba (Zenaida) niartinicana. Sitndev. (Efi\ K. Vet.-Ale. Fork. 
1869, p. 585 (St. Bartholomew). " 
Chaniffipelia inartinieana, <?*>&. X7i?s. Orn. i. p. 634 (1872) (syn. 
emend. *r). 
Zenaida castanea, Ridgw. Man. X AM, Birds, p. 213 (16^7). 
PZenaida amabilis, FtiitL {nee BJJ.}, Mis. LSbli, p. 477 (Barbadoes). 

AJidt male. Upper parts brown ; head vinous rufous, dusky on the 
occiput; on the sides of the lower part of the hind neck two patches 
of metallic amethyst, almost joining in the middle ; chin and middle 
of the throat white; ^ides of the head and lower throat rufous 
cinnamon; two .steel-blue bpots on the sides of the head, a small 
one behind the eyes, above the ear-coverts, and a larger one below 
them ; breast bright vinous; middle of the abdomen and under 
tail-coverts white, with a slight vinous maik; flanks, axillaries, 
and under wing-coverts light grey ; quills black, the primaries with 
narrow whitish edges ; a conspicuous white band at the tip of the 
secondaries; inner upper wing-coverts, some of the scapularics, and 
the inner secondaries with black spots, .some of them edged with 
white; two central tail-feathers brown, with an almost obsolete dusky 
band towards the apical part ; a distinct black band runs through 
the lateral tail-feathers, which have a broad apical light band, white 
on the outer ones, changing into grey on the inner ones ; the outer 
feather has the base white on the outer web, grey on the inner one ; 
the next pair have the ba^e entirely grey, and the remainder have 
the base brown on the outer web, grey on the inner one; tail 
below grey at the base, black about the middle, white-grey at the 
apical part: ME black; ** legs and feet bright red" (Taylor). 
Total length about 11 inches, wing 0*0, tail 4-5, bill 0*62, tarsus 
1*05. 

Female, Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller, and with 
the metallic amethystine patches on the sides of the hind neck less 
extended. 

Young. Duller, no metallic patches on the neck; the upper wing-
coverts with lighter edges. 
Hal. Lesser Antilles, and also St. Croix (Cory, in lift.). 

a. ? ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Anguilla IsL 
Montserrat, W. Indies 
W. R. Elliot [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Sturye). 
c. d. S ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk. 
Dominica, W. Indies. 
Barbadoes, W. Indies. 
G. A. Raniage, Esq. 
[0.]. 
Sir R. Schomburgk 
[P.]. (Type of Z. 
bimaculata, G. R. Gr.) 
f-i. S $ ad. et jur. Mustique, Grenadines, W. Salvin-Godman Coil. 
sk.
h-n. $ 2 a&-sk*
o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk. 
Indies (D. W. Smith), 
Grenada, W. Indies (D.
W. Smith), 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Rocke, Esq. [P.]. 
Zoological Society's 
Coll. 

382 
PEBI^TEBIIXSJ 

2. Ze&ai&a amabHIs. 
Columba 
zenaida, Bp. Jottr/i. Ar. Xuf. Sc. BkiiatL v. p. 30 (l^) 
(Florida Keys); tf. Zool. Jovrn. ill. p. 53 \\^±1\ fHaranna!; 
J9w77. Z7/m\ ifcs Sc. x. p. 400 (7^7*; 2?/?. .4;*. O/vz. ii. pi. 25. f. o 
(1858); Waql !«*, 1*29. p. 744: IWtf. J///,?. I. p. t#3 < K32); 

 P*-ifj ! 1%":^f:

«4«<7. OH. $%r. **L P-: ^ ^ - P- '^ x- ^** ^ow/?/. 
de Buff., Oh. % III. p. Co (1KJ7I: *>7. <//>. a?. i%d ed. p. 2 N »1^3b) ; 
If Orb. in La Sagra* Si-i. Xat. Cuba. Oi\ p. 177 fkrsv KL 

p. 130) <le40}; -*w/. B. AM. T. p. 1, pi. i M 11^42?; !)«</#. 
P. iT. & 1^47, pp. 37T 39: Bryant, 2 r. B**t. &* . X If. \. p. 257 
(186b'): #J//M77. /./. 0.r?7l/|p. iW, 277 f Guia?; 6V///*,\ P. Z.& 
1875, p. 4^.1 
Zenaida 
aniabilis Bp. Comp. Z*V, p. 41 fl^> : <7. i? 6-V. lilt 
Gen B. p. 58 (1*40): £/. <7tf/i. J?, ii. p. 475. L. 1 ii-45i ; f;/As^ 

B. Jam. p. 307 (1*47) iBrhnh. Syn. Jr. f. 1412 < W7u id. Syn. 
Av. Columbaria. Xouf. t. WA~>). £ 2Sj7~i»* f W>1 ? {* * Audnb.); 
GosbP, Xat. Soj. in Jam. p. 174 tls51f: Dp, f^n^p. Ar. ii. p. *2 
(lbo4j; iff. Compt. Rend. \1. \I\K 47r 20H, n. 212 /l*3o'; uL Orn. 
kail Ordre Big. }>]». 4L OH, Q, 240 1 ls»>>f; /,/. (\,mpt. lb ad xliii. 
p. 946 (lS-jf»h 6'. P . Or. List B. Brit. 3//A, Columbus p. 47 
(185t>»; /??/«#. * Cab. J.f.O. 1<W, p. III ; XV///7/. Birds X 
J/«. p. 602 (IKS*); iV/. Z*V, 11. 440 (K>? : Bryant, Vr. Bu<t. 
Soc.X. E. %ii. p. 120 (l*3i»>: A $'Ii Xevr 31-* !<?% p. 0-4. 
Brewer, Pr. Bost Sue. X. E. ML p. 307 <lMKt>: fVm. iJ/*. Jr . 
X^&.PMw/.lMJOjp^jT^: ,SM/A PZA;lMH,p,MI; Alhrwht, 
J.f. 0. 18IJ1, p.Tw; (xmidlJ.f.O. lMllf pp. :}:{»*», ilh; lV/w/>, 
TfcMfeH, L p, 21, t 3o4 f. 1412, t. l>.>a IF. I>N*7 *W UM*c>); 
Aibrecld, J.f.O. WfJ, p. t?04; 3/«n/i, iV. -lr. Xi/, V. Philad. 
1863, p. 302; Later. Ann. Lyc. X F. viii. p. (*5* 11 M;4 I (S«>mbrf>ro); 
GundlRep. Fisieo-Xat.Pub^l^mi (18f>5|; tiun&v.OBfr.K. Vet-
Ah Fork. lK50,p. 001 (Portoric<»); (t. M. fir. Hmid-iisf, ii. p. i>41, 
n. 9350 (1870); Seiat. $ Salr. XometicL Av. Xtofrop. p. 1&>, n. 1 
(1873); P^fe. J5/s, 1873, p. 34 (Jamaica 1; Cbw>% Ckeck-IH, 11. 372 
(1874); Gundl. J.f. 0. Ih747 pp. #>, 312,1 <^f pp. ir>l J s) |p4 »rto 
Rico); id. Anal. Sot. Esp. Hist. Xai. vii. p. 340 fWM; Ojn/, 
B. Bahama L p. 138 (18^0); Ilidr/u\ Caiai. n. 4i'd (TW)); 
Maynard. B. E. X Am. p. 339 (1881); A. b B. Xeirt. ILindb. 
Jamaica, p. 114 (1881); Salv, Cat. B. StrieM. Coll. p. .>4 (IS*2); 
Conesj Ciieck-lkt X A. Birds, p. 92, B. 543 (1H82); Mehf. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 455 (LH83) ; Cone*, Key X 4/«. A p. 56% 
n. 545(1884); Cory, 3. Haiti $ San Doming p. 128(18831; 
id. List B. W. Lid. p. 24 (1*83); id. Auk, 1^7, p. 313; ZWtfr. 
Ofl«. CWi B. p. 39 (1889). 
Chamsepelia amabilis, Gieb. TJies. Orn. i. p. 032 (1^72). 
Peristera zenaida, Schley. JItcs. B.-B. Uolumbse, p. 140 (1873) 
(Jamaica). 
Zenaida zenaida, Bidgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm, Till. p. 355 (1885); 

A. 0. U. Cheek-list X Am. B. p. 180 (1880); Conj, B. W, Ind. 
p. 214 (1889); Scott, Auk, 1892, p. 123 (Jamaica); Bendire, Life-
Eist. N. A. Birds, p. 143 (1892); Chapm. Bull. Am. Mm. X H. 
IT. p. 292 (1892). 
Zenaida 
richardsoni, Cory, Auk, iv. pp. 7,114 (1887) (Little Cayman)*; 
id. B. W. Ind. p. 215 (1889). 

* Mr. Cory, writing to Mr. Saliin, says tbat he now believes that the type 
of Z. richardsoni is an immature and rather odd-coloured specimen of Z. 
zenaida. 
2. ZEXUDl. 383 
Adult male. Upper parts brown, slightly tinged with rufescenfc 
on tlie upper tail-coverts ; head dull vinous, darker on the occiput; 
cheeks and throat rufescent; chin whitish ; two steel-blue spots, 
one above and one below the ear-coverts ; breast, abdomen, and 
under tail-coverts deep vinous ; sides, axillaries, under wing-coverts, 
and sides of the rump grey ; some black spots on the innermost 
upper wing-coverts, scapulars, and inner secondaries ; quills Hack, 
primaries with narrow whiti>h edges; a conspicuous white band 
at the tip of the secondaries; central tail-feathers brown, with an 
obsolete dusky band about the apical third ; lateral tail-feathers 
grey, with a subapieal black band; the outer webs of the inner 
lateral feathers partly brown : b* bill black, carmine-red near the 
gape; feet carmine-red : iris dark brown ''(GnnrflacTi). Total length 
about 11 inches, wing 0*3. tail 3*b, bill 0*05, tarsus 1. 

Eab. Plorida Keys, Bahamas, Cuba, Isle of Pines, Jamaica, 
Little and Grand Cayman (?}, Haiti and Han Domingo, Mona. Porto 
Eico, Tortola, St. Thorn ft*, Virgin Gorda, St. Croix, St. Eustatius, 
Barbuda, and Antitrua. 

According to Mr. Cory {ht lift,), u specimens from the latter 
localities (St. Eustatitis. Barbuda, and Antigua) are apparently 
intermediate in colour between Z. easttima (=annta) and Z. 
zttiahlaP 

Specimens from Virgin Garcia and St. Thomas are brighter than 

the others. 
a, b. Ad.sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. ($ ad. tok Montf V«*d*\ Cuba, Nov. Salvin-Godmaii Coll. 
{€. IVrigkt). 
d} e,f. Ad. sk. etJUT. sk. 
Jamaica. Gould Coll. 
g. Ad. st.
h. Ad. sk. 
Jamaica. 
Jamaica. 
J. Gosse, Esq. [C.\ 
Purchased. 
i. Ad. sk.
k. Ad. st.
/. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk. 
Jamaica { IF. Osburn). 
San Domingo. 
San Domingo. 
Porto Rico, W. indies (JR. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salle Coll. 
Purchased, 
Salvin-Godman Coil. 
Sirfft). 
n, o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk. 
St. Thomas, W. Indies. 
St. Thomas, \\T . Indies{B. 
Purchased. 
Smithsonian Instituq. 
<$ ad. sk.
Sitift), ^ 
Virgin Gorda, W. Indies,
Dec. (€. IB. Cory). 
tion [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
r. Skeleton. [X. America.] Salvin-GodmanColL* 

# ZENAIDA SPADICBA. 

Zenaida spadicea, Gory, Auk, iii. pp. 498, 302 (1886) (Grand Oayman), iy. 

p. 1U (1887); id. R W. Ind. p. 215 (1889); 
" General upper plumage dark olive-brown, rufous brown on the forehead, 
and showing a tinge of very dull purple on the crown, apparently wanting in 
some specimens; a subauricular spot of dark metallic blue; sides of the neck 
and nape rich metallic purple; chin pale buff, shading into rich rufous chestnut 
on the throat and breast; belly brown, showing a alight vinaceous tinge; 

3^ 4 
PEEISTBKIDJE. 

3, Zenaida yucataneiisis. 

Zenaida amabilis, Boueard (nee Bp. et syn. emend.1). P. Z. ti. ]>^ 

p. 458 (Yucatan); ticrlvin, ibid.; id. Itt*. l^SQ, p. 377 fHulbux IM 
Mugeres L, Yucatan), 1890, pp. SD. 91, 92. 93. 
Similar to Z. cnaabiUs, but with the brown colour of the upper 
parts paler and more greji&h. and with the rufous colour of the 
throat duller and washed with pale brow n. 

Jlale with rufous vinous underpaid ; ft male with the virtu ceous 
colour of the same parts washed with grey or with pale brown. 
Bob. Coast of Yucatan, and Cozumel, Mugens, and Holbox 
Islands. 

a. S ad. sk. Ilio Lagartos, X. Yucatan ;*vh ii.-Godinan Coll. 
June (G.F. Gaumrr). nVj** of specie. \ 
5-7t.Ad.sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan [G Salvin-Godman Cull 

F. Gaitmer}. 
1-t. (S 2 ad-sk- Ilolbox I.. Yucatan, Bee ^ahin-Oodman Coll. 
(G. F. Gaitmer), 
uy v. Ad. sk. Mugeres L, Yucatan, De**. Sah in-Gudxiian Coll. 
{G. F. Gaumeru 
4. Zenaida auriculata. 
Palonia parda manchada, 1/Azara, Apunt. i. p. 17, n. 322 \ 1M15). 
Pigeon brun tachetc*, D'Azara, Toy. (Sonn. wl.) iii. p. 132, n. 322 
(1809). 
Columba aurita, part. Temm. Pi//, tt GnlUn. \. pp. 217, 4U7 (1K13); 
Steph. Gen. ZooL xi.y. 51 (part.) {isli)). 
Columba maculata, VieilL {nee Gin.) Ene. 3777//. i. p. 37U (1^23); 
Eurm. La Plata Lleise, L p. .101J (1*01). 

Columba meridional!*, Kinginer Lath.), ZooL Jnitrn. h. p. 02 (182S) 
(Straits of Magellan); Lew. Bull, tie. Sat. xv. p. 151 fl^j; 
Waal Isi% lh'2d1 p. 743(nota): Le*s. Qjjnpl. de Buff., Oh. viii. 

p. 99 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 20U {Wife): ticiaf. P. Z. ti. 
1867, pp. -330, 339; Gieh. Thes. Orn. i. p. 747 11*72). 
Columba aurita. Lieht (nee Temm.) Doubl p. (•»*» (1823) (Monte 
Video); JF7/^7. &/*£. ^& Columba, sp. 70 (1^27) |^jn. emend.); 
Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. GO (parti (]K37): id. op. cit. 
2nd ed. p. 285 (part.) (1838); Dane. Vmj. kBeagle] ZooL p. 115 
(1841); Tsck. Faun. Per., Aves, p 275 (1844); Meyen in Mm. 
Berol.Jide Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 940 (165(5). 

Zenaida 
aurita, Eraser (nee Te?mni), P. Z. S. Ib43, p. 115 (Chile); 
Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 45 (1844); G. E. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 475, 

n. 4 (part.) (1845); Hartl. (nee auct) 2nd. Azara Apunt. p. 20, 
upper surface of tail brown, the feathers showing a subterminal band of black, 
and all the feathers, except the central ones, tipped with grey; lateral tail-
feathers tipped with grey ; primaries dark brown, almost black, faintIj tipped 
with dull white; the secondaries broadly tipped with white; under wing-
coverts grey: bill black; feet red. Length 0*60 inches, wing 0, tail 3*77), 
tar us 0-75, bill 0*50." (Cory.) 

Hab. Grand Cayman, West Indies. 

Mr. Cory does not state in wbat respect this species differs from Z. zenaida, 
and although in a letter to Mr. Salvin be writes that " it is a fine species, not 
at all like any W. I. species," I have failed to discover how it differs from 

Z. amabilis. 
2 . ZEX1IDA. 385 
n. 322 (1*47); 6'. J?. 6V. 6V«. B. App. p. 24 (1849); Mart. 
J. f. 0. 1875, p. 442 : P MaeFarl Ibis, 1887, p. 202 (l\ quimbo). 
Peristera auriculata, Dd5* 3^/-s, in Gay, Hist, de Chile, i. p. 3^1, pi. 0 
(1847;; Harth Xavmannk* 1853, p. 221. 
Peristera chrvsauchenia, Bchnh. Syn. Ai\ f. 1429 (1847): G. B. 6r/\ 
6fe«. B. App. p. 24(18491. 
Zenaida cbilei>i>. uBp," Bchnh. Sya. Av. Columbaria^ Abr#. t. 245 &. 
if. 3-529-30 (1^51): BJJ. Con^p. ii. p. 82, i/z a#«. Z. auriculatse 
(1854); id. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 940 (1854). ^ 

CMorcfciia- meridionalis, Bp. Con*p. Ai\ ii. p. 7>2 (1854/ {ex King ; 

«Z. Cb/ra^. J&»/?'7. xxxix. p. 1108 | lb54), xl. p. 21fe, m 144 (1855); 
id. Coup (Tail Ore?re Big. pp. i;4, 5o\ n. 144 |1H55); Behub. Tauben. 
i. p. CI (1865,: #. B. Gr. Hand-lhtM.^. 235, n. 9279 (1870). 
Zeaaidu auriculiit'i, Bp. Gm*p. Av. ii. p. h2 (1854]; 2#. Compt. Rend. 
xl. pp. 07, 220, n. 244 ilaoo); id. Coup d'ail Ordre Big. pp. 41, 
58, n. 244 (1855|; G. B. Or. List B. Brit. Mm. Culumbee, p. 47 
(1850): Bp. Compt. B^id. xliii. p. 946 (ifcoG): id. Icon. Pig. 
pi. 133 (1857); BrhiL Timheu, L p. 21, t. 245 b. if. 3529-30 (1862); 
Pete. Xovnra Rm.. Vog. p. 109 (1805); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1867', 
pp. 330,339; tit lot. $ Sale. 1HI7. p. 9&9 (Peru), IbO-, pp. 176, 
520; G, B. Gr Hand-tht. ii. p. 243, n. 9353 (1870); Mat. P. Z. S. 
1870, p. 0**5; Tacz. P. Z tf. I ^74, p. 555; id. P. Z. S. 1*80, p. 213 
(X. Peru) ; Mat. List JWt An. Kli ed. p. 450 (18-3j; #«». 4* 
Bchmc. XuwHirf. Mv*. linn. Orn. p. 2,^4 (l&sO) (Chili). 
Zenaida lnamilafH. Bp. Con\p. Ac. ii. p. 82 (lN5i); id. Compt. Rend. 

xliii. pp. 97, 220, u. 245 t l^~h)}; id. Coup d\i il Ordre Pig. pp. 42; 
58; n. 245 (W>5); G. B. Gr. Li*t B. Brit. MILS. Culumbae, p. 47 
(1856); Bp. Compt, Ilt-nd. xliii. p. 940 (1850); Buna, Syst Feb. 
TL Bra*., Vm. il p. 302 (1K3U>; id. J. f. 0. 1800, p. 259; id. 
La Plata Bw'*e< ii. p. 497 (Mil); J?c//nA. Taubeti, I p. 21, i. 257. 
f. 1429(18021, ii. p. 104(1802); Sehtfy Salr.RZ.S. 1807. p. 591 
(Mexiana). 180^, p. 143 f C'onchitasl; titer nb. J. f. 0.1M39, pp. 193, 
273 (Buenns A%rt>); Holtz, J. f. O. 1870. p. 19; G.B. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 241. n. 9352 (ISTO); jfVk. Ont.'Bra*, pp. 27G7 450, liv 
(lte71); Layartl, Ibi\ 1^73, p. 395 (Pam); tielat. 4* Sah. Xomenct. 
Av. Xeotrop. p. 132, n. 3 (l573j; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 170 
(Pataproniuj; Mat. |-8air. P. Z. S. 1*74, p. 078 (Peru); Cab. J.f. 
O. Ib74, p. 230: Duntf. Ibis, 1870, p. lift, 1877, p. 193; Sclat. § 
Salv.RZ.S. 1»79, p. 039 (Bolivia); Gibson, Ibis, 18807 p. 8; 
Sharpc, IK Z. 8. 1881, p. 9 (Coquimbo); Wldte, P. Z. S. 1882? 
p. 52® (Argentine); Salt. Cat B. Strield. Coll p. 548 (1882); 
Sclat List Vert. An. Stb ed. p. 456 (18^3); Ar/. ^ Tacz. RZ. 8. 
1883, p. 575 (Guayaquil), 1.^84, p. 311: Barrows, Auk, 1884, 
p. 275; Gibson, Ibi% 1885, p. 2<^2 (Uruguay); Tacz. Orn. Per. iii. 
p. 237 (1880); 'Bidgw. Pr. U.S. Xat Mm. x. p. 528 (1887); BerL 
J.f.O. 18H7? pp. 34, 124; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (1889); 
Hem. $ BcJmw.rXo7?ieneL Mm. Hem. Orn. p. 284 (1889; (Brazil): 
Allen, Bull Am. Mm. X. IL ii. p. 105 (1889) (Bolivia); Sclat. 
Argent Orn. ii. p. 141 (1889); JTo/tarZ, 1^,1890, p. 425; Sharpe 
$ Bidley, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xx. p. 479 (1890) (Fernando 
Norouha); Frmzelf J.f.0.1891, p. 123; Hartert. Kat. VogeUamml. 
p. 187 (1891); Holland, Bis, 1892, p. 209. 
Zenaida hypoleuca, G. B. Gr. MS. Mus. Brit. 1854; Bp. Cmsp. 
Av. ii. p. 83 (1854) (Am. centr. ?); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 97, 
220, B. 246 (1855) ; id. Coup tVail Ordre Pie/, pp. 42, 58, n. 246 
(1855); <?. M. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Cokmboe, p. 48 (1850) (Pearl 
Island); Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 940 (1850); Bp. Icon. Pig. 
TOI*. xxi. 2 Q 

386 
PEEISTEEIBJB. 

pi. 134 (1857); Selat P. Z. S. 1858, p. 460 (Ecuador), IMJO p 97 
(Oalacali); BcJmb. Tauben, i. p. 2f> (18d*i>}. if. p. It54 {18&'\ • G R 
Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 241, n. 9355 (1870); ? Hei,i. q'ltchnw 
Nomencl. 3Ius. Hem. Orn. p. 284 (1889) (Ecuador). 

Zenaida noronha, G. JR. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columte p 47 
(1856) (Fernando Noronha): Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. m 94694Q 

3^t J

fifing? a. 7? ar. Wand-Kit » ^ %il « nor, /fF:«

uolumba (Zenaida) axmta, Burm. J. f. 0. 1&5S, p. 160 (3 
Phaps(l) meridionals, Rchnb. Tauben, ii p. 16*0 <1562).~' 
Chamaspelia auriculata, 6^6. 7%cs. Orw. I. p. u:j:3 \l^7~2\. 
Chaniapelia hvpoleuca, Gieb. on. eit. D. 034 n^7*"> 1 


Peristera maeulata, ScMeg. Mus. P.-B. Coluznbse, p. 141 (1873). 

Adult male. Forehead, sides of the head and neck, and breast 
vinous; crown and occiput grej; a black spot behind the eye, and 
a larger one below the ear-coverts; feathers of the sides and of the 
hind neck metallic purple, with golden reflections; re^t of the 
upper parts brown-olive; on the outer webs of the inner upper wing-
coverts, of the scapulars, and of the tertials man}- large black spots ; 
quills brown, with a slight greyish tinge and narrow light edges on 
the outer webs; flanks, axiUaries, and under wing-coverts light grey; 
vent and under tail-coverts bufosh white, with a slight vinous fin«;e; 
two central tail-feathers brown-grey ; the remainder grey, with the 
tip grey, becoming whiter and whiter towards ilw outer feathers, 
and with a black band before the light tip ; the outer feather has 
the outer web almost entirely white; tail below black, with the 
base fringed with grey and the tip broadly white; 4tbili black; 
feet of a red flesh-colourJ? (Burtneister). Total length 10—0 inches, 
wing 6*25-5-5, tail 4-5-3*75, bill 0*6-0*55, tarsus i>-9-0-s>. 

Female. Smaller than the male and duller in colour; the vinous 
colour of the male is replaced by a dull pale brown. 

Young. Has the feathers of the upper parts and breast with 
white mesial streaks and edges ; the primaries and primary-coverts 
edged with rufous; no metallic gloss on the sides of the neck. 

Obs. The smaller dimensions belong to the Eastern birds, and 
especially to those from Fernando Xoronha, the largest to the Western 
ones; it appears to me that they are not worthy of separation. 

Hal. South America, from Pearl Island to Ecuador, Peru, and 
Chili on the west, and from Noronha Island to Brazil, Argentine, and 
Patagonia on the east; probably also the Magellan Straits. 

a. 
Ad.sk. Pearl Island. 0 a t KdIett m^ 
Lieut. Wood [P.l 
b, e. Ad. ak. Fernando 2vWha. (S U Burnett and 
Fitzroy [P.], 

*££.***et F™doNOT^4T^sa^ifeX


m. Ad. sk. IS. of Mexiana (Wallace). SatSoodman Coll. 
2. misrAiBA. 
387 
n. Ad. sk. 
fj. Ad. ?t 

r. 
Ad. sk. 
5. Ad. sk, 
t. 
<$ ad. sk. 
«, t*. $ ad. sk 

tt*, .r. Ad. <k. 

y. Ad. sk. 
i. 
Ad. sk. 
a'. $ ad. sk. 

b\ Juv. sk. 

c', d*. Ad. sk. 

$,'/'. Ad. sk. 

g'. Ad. bk. 

A', i!. Ad. sk. 

#. cJ ad. sk. 

J', tf ad. *k. 

o!, (J ad. sk. 

y . <j* ad. sk. 
q'. Ad. sk. 
r'. Ad. sk. 
$'~a". Ad. sk. et 
varieties. 
//', c", iT'. $ ad. et 
c? juv. sk. 
e". $ ad. sk. 

/" . Skeleton. 

Ceara, X. Brazil (W. Jesse). 
Para. 
Para, Jan., Aug. (23. L. 

Layard). 

Brazil. 
Brazil. 
Matto Gros-o, Brazil, July 


\S, R. Smith), 

Matto Gro«50, Brazil, July 

I Xattfrer). 

Hachapampa, Bolivia (Buck


r %)* 

Tiicuman {Burr/ieister). 

Coiiehiu-*, Buenos Avres, 
Xuv. {JF. S. Hudson). 
Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres, 


June. 
Q uiliip, Bueno* Ayres, March. 

Ecuador (Frastr), 
Ecuador. 
Ecuad* *r | Iliygim). 
Sieal, Ecuador [Buckley). 
Art*quipat S.W. Peru, 'June 


iWMkitj). m 

(!atariiid<H Valley, Peru, 
Sept. t Wkitdy)* 
I -lay, Peru. 

Prov. Santiago, Chili (Ley


bold). 

Coquimbo, Chili, June. 
Chili. 
Chili. 
Central Chili 


Rio Bineno, Chili, Jan. 


R. Pilniaiquen, Jan. 
S. America. 
5. Zeiiaida raficau&a. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

R. Graham, Esq. FP.I 
Tweeddale Coil." 
Purchased. 

Zool. Soc. Coll 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvia-Godrnan CoH. 

Salvin-Godman Coll 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

H. 
Durnford, Esq. 
[C.]. 
H. Durnford, Esq. 
[o.]. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

H. Eraser, Esq. [C.1 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll 

II. Whitely, Esq. 
[C.l. " 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Dr. Coppinger [C.]. 
Lord Byron [P.]. 
Purchased. 

H. 
Berkeley James, 
Esq. rP.J 
II. Berkeley James, 
E.q. [P.]. 
II. Berkeley James, 
Esq.pw: 
Purchased. 

Zenaida ruficauda, G. M. Gn MS. Mm. Brit. 1854; Bp. Conap. Av. 

ii. p. 83 (1854) (New Granada); id. Oompt. Bend, xh pp. 97, 220, 
n. 247 (1855); id. Coup d'oeil Ordre Pig. ^ . 42, 58, n. 247 (1855); 
id. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 946 (1856); Selot. P. Z. S. 1856, p. SO; 
G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columb®, p. 48 (1856); Rchnb. Taubm, 
i. p. 22 (1862 h, Selat. $ Safa. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 782 (Merida); 
Peh. Orn. Bras. pp. 276, 450, liv (1871) (Rio Braneo); Wyatt, 
2his, 1871, p. 383 (Colombia); Sclat $ Safa. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 132, n. 4 (1873); Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 455; Sclat. $ Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 5443 (Antioquia); Berl. J.f. 0.1884, p. 319,1892, 
p. 96 (Bogota). 
2c2 
PEEXSTEETD^. 

Zenaida mexieana, Bp. Mus. Zugd. 1849, fide Bp. Consp. Ae. ii, 

p. 83 (1854). 
Zenaida pentheria, Bp. Mus. Pans: td. Consp. Ac. ii. p. 84 11854j 
(Santa Martha); id. Compt. Rend. xL pp. 96, 220, n. 249 (1855): 
id. Cotip d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 42, 58, n. 24ft (1555); Seht. P. Z. S, 
1856, p. SO: G. P. Gr. List B. Brit Jin*. Columbse, p. 48 (l&otS). 

Zenaida castanea, Bp. (nee Wagl.) in Mus. Lvyd. fide Bp. Cotnpt 

Bend xliii. p. 946 (1856). 
Zenaida (Platyptercena) pentheria. Bchnk Tavben. i. p. 20 (1862). 
Stenurcena rufieauda, G. P. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 241. n.9S59 |1870j : 

Eein. §* Pclmiv. 3amend. Mus. Hem. Or/i. p. 264 (I860; {Caracas. 

Venezuela). 
Platypterotma pentheria, G. P. Gr. Hand-l ii. p. 241, n. &J60 (1870\, 
Chanitepelia pentheria, Gieh. The®. Or a. i. p. f>J5 (1^72). 
Chamaepelia rufieauda, Gieb. Thes. Orn. L p. 635 t!^72|. 
Peristera rufieauda, SeMeg, Mm. P.-B. Columbia p. 141 (1873) 

Sah\ Ibis, 1874: p. 455. 
Perifctera pentheria, Schley. Mm. P.-B. Columbce, p. 142 (1S73| 
Salv. Ibis, 1674, p. 455 {= rufieauda <$ ). 
Zenaida bogotensk, Law: Auk, ii. p. ;J58 (lfrvi) (Bogota, New 
Granada); Pddgtr. Pr, U.S. Wat. Mm. x. p. 52b ilb»7f. 

Adidi male. Upper parts olive-brown; forehead, sides of the 
head, superciliary stripes, throat, and upper breabt rufous vinous, 
changing into rufous cinnamon on the lower breast, abdomen, and 
under tail-coverts; crown and occiput grey; two steel-blue j^pots 
on the sides of the head, one above, the other below the ear-coverts: 
two metallic patches of a bronze-amethy>l colour on the sides of the 
neck; chin pale vinous; sides, axillaries, and under wing-coverts 
grey; black spots on the inner upper wing-coverts, scapularies, and 
inner secondaries; the outermost or marginal up|ier wing-coverts 
are greyer than the inner ones; quills brown* with narrow pale 
edges, the secondaries greyish brown; central tail-feathers brown-
grey, the next pair grey, brownish towards the tip and with a black 
spot about the middle; the five outer pairs grey at the base, rufous 
cinnamon at the apical half, and with a black irregular bar across the 
middle, between the rufous and the grey part; the outer pair have 
the wrhole of the outer web rufous cinnamon; ME black. Total 
length about 11 inches, wing Gm3, tail 4*3, bill 0-08, tarsus 1. 

Hah, Colombia, Yenezuela, and Bio Branco {*?). 

The type of Z. pentluria in the Paris Museum, and a second 
specimen, exactly like it (Bonaparte's collection), also in the Paris 
Museum, are rather large specimens, perhaps males, of Z. rufieauda: 
wing 6*3 inches -, abdomen and under tail-coverts rufous cinnamon* 

a, b. Ad. sk. Colombia. Purchased, 
c. Ad. sk. New Granada. Purchased. 
dy e. Juv, sk.
ad. st. 
et New Granada. Purchased. (Types 
of species.) 
/ . Ad. sk. Vicinity of Bogota, New 
Granada (Crmother), 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
g. Ad. sk. Vicinity oi Bogota*
Granada (Trumer). 
New Salvin-Godman ColL 
h, i. Ad. sk. Bogota, New Granada. Salvin-Godman ColL 

2. ZBSTAIEA. 389 
k. Ad. sk.
i.Juv.s k 
MedeliiB, U.S. of Columbia{Salmon), 
Merida, Venezuela (GtomX?). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
SalTin-Godman ColL 

is. Zenaida vlnaceo-rafa. 

Zenaida ruficauda ?f Ridgw. (nee Bp.) Pr. C1& i\ftztf. ilfe. vii. p. 176 
(1884) (I. of Curasao, Venezuela). 
Zenaida vinaeeo-rafa, Ridgir. ibid, (type examined); Bert. J. f. O. 
1895, pp. 0-5, 97,102 (Curasao andCarriacou. Grenadines) ; Peters, 

I. c. p. US. 
Zenaida rabripe*, Lmrr. Auk, ii. p. 357 (1385) (Grenada); id. Pr. 
U.S. Xat. Mirs. 1*3HU, p. 024; CWg7 Revised List B. W. Ind. i. 
p. 24 (IbSGj: Wells, Lhf B. Grenada, p. 7 (18S6): Cory, Auk, iiL 
p. 11-i |18b7j; 7?«?//tr. P A U.S. Xat. Mm. x. p. 528 (1887); Ctoy, 
#. JF. //if/, p. 21B(l%-0f: Later. Auk, 1889, p. 21. 
Eiuyptxla wellbi ierrore), Later. Br. U.S. Xaf. Mm. 1886, p. 625 
(male); id. A?d*7 lfc8U, p. 21. 

Adult uiah. Very similar to Z. rtifimmda, but smaller, of a paler 
colour above, and with the raibm part of the plumage, forehead, 
superciliary stripes, bides of the head, throat, breast, abdomen, and 
under tail-coverts decidedly vinous ; chin and middle of the throat 
paler; crown and occiput imired with grey, two bteel-blue stripes, 
one above and the other below the car-coverts ; on the ->ides of the 
neek two patches of golden-bronze feathers, with coppery lustre; 
several black spots on the inner greater wing-coverts and tertials; 
under surface of the wings grey; central tail-feathers uniform 
greyish brown, the next two pairs greyish brown towards the tip 
and with a black band, the remainder aprey at the base, rufous 
vinous on the apical portion, and with a black irregular bar between 
the rufous and the grey part; the outer pair have the outer web 
entirely rufous: "bill black; feet red; iris black" (Wliiteh/). 
Total length about 9 inches, wing 5 to 5*4, tail 3,' bill 0*55, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Duller, and with the forehead, sides of the head, and 
lower front neck tinged with pale brown, with no vinous colour. 

Hah. Curacao, Grenada, Grenadines, and British Guiana. 

Specimens in the Museum of Paris from Venezuela seem to belong 
to the present species. 

a, h,c. $ 2 ad. si. Quonga, Brit. Guiana, Nov. S&lvin-Godman Coll. 
(H WhMy).

d. $ 
ad. sk. Takutu B., Brit. Guiana, SaMn-Godman Coll. 
April (1L WkUelg), 
eff-S ? ad. sk. Aunai, Brit. Guiana, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(jar. WMteit/). 

7. Zenaida jessie®. 
y Zenaida stenura, G. R. Gr. (nee Bp.) List B. Brit. Mm. Columh®, 
p. 48 (1856). 
Zenaida Jessie®, Rikerf M.S.: Ridgw. Pr. V.S.Nat. Mus. x. p. 527 
(1887) (Diamantina; Lower Amazon) (type examined). 

390 PBEISTEEID^. 

"Similar to Z. vinaceo-mfa. Eidgw.. but terminal portion of 

rectrices pale vinaceoiis. fading into almost white on outer feather, 

and changing on the fifth and sixth to grey, tinged with vinaeeous; 

head; neck, and underparts uniform yinaeeous, the occiput inclining 

to greyish (the first with a "black postoenlar streak and auricular 

spot, as in allied species). Length (skin) 8*40 inches, wing 5*20, 

tail 3*40, (graduated for 0*70), exposed culmen 0*57. tarsus u-75, 

middle toe 0-82." (Bidgivatj.) 

Hah. Lower Amazon (Diamantina). 

Thanks to Mr. Bidgway, I have been able to examine the type of 

this species, which differs from Z. clnat>o-mfa as stated by him. 

It is not quite certain whether the specimen in the British 

Museum really belongs to the present speeie>. 

a. Ad. sk. Colombia (h. Pureli. of Verreaux*. 
3. KES0PELIA. 
Type 
Nesopelia, Simdtv. Meth. nat. A v. di*p. Tt/if 


p. 99 (lb72) X. iralapiijoviw*. 
Mange. Confined to the Galapagos MancK 

1. Kesopelia galapagoensis. 
Colonibi-Galline des Gallapagos, Kehov.r, lit*?. ZuoK 1640, p. iW f »St 
Charles Isl.). 
Zenaidagalapagoensis, Gould. Jw/. BeaqL* Zuol. p. ll.>, pi. 4t>\1^41); 

G.B. Gr. Gen, B. ii. p. 475,' n. 2 (lfcio); lichnh. kyn. Ai\ if. 141516 
(1847) (ex Gmld); Haril J.f.O. Ifc34, p. 170; Up. L^mp. Ax. 
ii. p. 83 (1854) j id. Cbmpi. Rend. xl. pp. 9&, 'I'M, n. i'4b (1^55] j 
id. Coup cCmil Ordre Pig. pp. 42, 5^, n. 248 (le55j; G. It Gr. 
List B. Brit Mus. Oohunbse, p. 4b (l&jti); Rcluik Tmtfxti, L p. 22? 
t 227. f. 2484, t. 254. ff. 1415-10 (lb62j; G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
* I have not been able to identify the following species:— 
ZEKAIBA STEXURA. 

Zenaida stenura, Bp. Mus. Paris, 1854; id. Consp. Av. ii. p. 84 (1854) 

(Colombia); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp, 98, 220, n. 250 (1855); id. Coup 

d'ail Ordre Pig. pp. 43, 58, n. 250 (1855), 

Zenaida (Stenurcena) stenura, Rchnb. Tavben, i p. 20 (1802;. 

Stenurcena stenura, G. B. Gr. Hand-list^ ii. p. 241, n. {MoB> (1870); Heia. 

$ Bcfaiw. Nom&icl Mm. Hein. Orn. p. 284 (1889) (Bogota). 

Chamsepelia stenura, Giek Thes. Orn. i. p. 636 (1872). 

^ " Similis Z. pent7ieri(s, sed minor, dilutior, magis rufescens; tectrieibus inferioribus 
et alis subtus dilute cinereis; reetricibus fasciola subterminali, omnibus 
angustis ,* extima utrinque fere linear! Ex Columbia." (Bp.) 

The type is no longer in the Paris Museum, and I am very doubtful 
whether it was not a damaged specimen of Z. ntficmida, with the outer tail-
feather reduced from moth-eating or some other cause; aa to the specimen 
in the British Museum, I am inclined to attribute it to Z. jemie®. 

4 . 30EL0PELTA. 
391 
p. 241, n. 933b* 11670); Sckt. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 323; 
*Sousa} Mm. Sac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 21 (1873); Salv. Ibis, 1874* 
p. 312. 
Culunibiflrallina salapasroensis, Des Murs §* Prei\ Toy, Venus, 
Oi8.&270, pl/e (18411). 
Geopbaps sralopagoensis, Bek/ib. Syn. Ac. Columbarise, Kovit. t. 227. 

f. 2464 (16*311 Jej' Toy. Venus)" 
Columba gallopati-oen^, Bp.CompL Bend, xliii. p. 946 (1650) (distinct 
2'eiius). 
Columba {Zenaida) galapagensis. Siuickc. P.Z.S. 1871, p. 125. 
Nesopelia irallapaiiensi-, Suadev. Mtth. not. Ai\ disp. Tent. p. 99 

(1*72). " 
Ckaniaspelia orallopaeroensis. Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 634 (1872). 
Peristera gailopagoensK Schleg. Mu$. P.-B. Columbse, p. 140 (1873). 
Zenaida calapagbDsis, Sclat. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Xeotrop. p. 132, 

n. 5 (1673): Sale. Tr. ZorJ, Soc. is. pp. 404, 499 (1870). 
Adult male. Forehead dark vinous, changing into brown-olive on 
the crown, occiput, nape, mantle, lower back, rump, and upper tail-
coverts : throat pale rufous, changing into deep vinous on the 
breast; abdomen rusty vinous ; under tail-coverts grey, more or less 
with a rusty tinge; ear-coverts silvery grey, bordered above and 
below with a Mack line ; feathers of the cheeks vinous, edged with 
black ; sides of the neck with golden and amethyst reflections; 
seapnluTb and upper wing-coverts brown, each witb two black spots, 
one on each web. the central part of the feathers often whitish; 
outer upper wintr-co verts whitish on the outer web ; primary-
coverts and quills blackish, the latter with paler tips and narrow 
light edges ; under surface of the quills greyish; tail greyish brown, 
with a black subterminal band, leaving a broadish apical band: 
"iris dark brown ; feet pink ; eyelids pale blue7' (Dr. Babel) ; bill 
black. Total length about S*5 inches, wing 5-25, tail 2-7* bill 0*65, 
tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat smaller and paler. 

Hah. Galapagos Islands. 

a. Ad. Fk. [Chili." 
Capt. Lord Byron [P.], 
b. Ad. sk. Galapagos. Capt. Kellett and Lieut. 
Wood [P.]. 
c. Ad. sk. Galapagos (C. Darwin). Eyton Coll. 
d-g* d ? ad. sk. Indefatigable Island, Galapagos Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Dr. A. Habel). 

h. 
Q ad, sk. Bindloe Island, Galapagos, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Nov. (Dr. A. Habel). ' 
4. MEL6PELIA. _ 
Type. 
Melopelia, Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 81 (1854) ..... . M. leucoptera. 
Melopeleia, Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 22 (1862). 

Mange. From Southern United States to Peru and Chili. 

PEEISTEEID2E. 

Key to ilie Species. 

a. 
light tips to the lateral tail-feathers white-grey ; 
hill smaller, 0*75 inch **. . leucoptera, p. 392. 
b. 
Light tips to the lateral tail-feathers grey; bill 
larger, 0*78 inch I..... meloda, p. 895. 
1. MelopeHa leucoptera. 
Brown Indian Dove. Edic. Birds, i. pi. 70 (175U). 
Turtur indicus fuscu*, Edw. op. cit. p. 127. 
Columba indica, Briss, Or a. i. p. 105 (17b'0j. 
Columba leucoptera, Z/rcre. A JV. i. p. 251, n. 15 (17tiOi: Jaeq. Beiffr. 


p. 33, n. 27 (Cartagena) (1784f; Gm. S. X. i. p. 773. n. lo {17<^8) ; 
Lath. Ind. Orn. ii.'p. o^ , n. 0 (1790); ZWz. ZV . J/^//. p. 240 
(1790); 77«7/. X B. xxri p. 351 (part.) llSl^n JJ>/^/. ,%/„ 
^ . Columba, sp. 71 (1S27); B^nny, P. Z. S. 1^47, p. ;j!i ; J/eCW/, 
Pr. Philad. Acad. iv. p. 64 (1848). 
Columba aurita, part., lhiun. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 247, 1-07 (1S13}. 
Columba aurita, part., >S>;J//. 6V/*. -2W. xi. p. oi I W.*<. 
Columba trudeaui, -<4w/. Z>. u£;w. \ii. p. 052, pi. 41*<i f I *43). 
Zenaida leucoptera, (9. it. Or. List GtdUnr*' Brit. M*f*. p, 14 <1**44); 


id. Gen. B. ii. p. 475, n. 3 (1*45) ; licit nb. Stfu. Ar. f. 1417 I 1 ^47) ; 

G. R Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 24 {l^iih; "itfhuh. A -. #/./. Jfa/. 
p. xxiv (1852); (7. It. Gr. Lkt B. Brit. Md*. Vu.niuhti, p. 48 
(187)0); Sclat. P. Z. S, 1850, p. 80S* <Cor4«>v,i L \ H.>. p, ;>ig <<>ax. 
actt), 1859, p. 368; TV/?//. ////*, 1-00, p. 227 if fund,HUH ; Mat. 
PZ.S.lSiJl, p. 60; Aibrerkt, J. f. O. I*OL\ p. I'UJ: to tut Lint 
Vert. A/2. 8th ed. p. 456 (18te3). 
Turtur leucoptera**, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 304 (1847); ///. A>//. &y\ i» 
Jaw. p. 174 (1851). 
Zenaida tradeaui, Rclinb. Syn. Ar. Xorif. Columbaria. £. 2Hit* j 1851); 

zV/. Av. Syxt. Xat. p. xxiv (1852). 
? Zenaida meloda, Lklii. (nee Tacit, j Xom. Ar. p. X'J tMexieui (1854). 
Melopelia leucoptera, Bp. Comp. Ac. ii. p. fcl (1*54/; id. Cornet. Mend. 

xl. p. 220, n. 240 (lb55): id. Gmp eTtpIl Ordrt Pi)/, p. 5% n. 240 
(1855); id. Compt. Rend. xliii p. i»46 (IslHi: Baird, B. X. Am. 
p. 603(1858); id. Pr. Philad. Acad. l*o9,p. 305 .CqvSt. Lucas); 
.flfarc/i, Pr. P/«7<H?. iiwrf. lfeOS, p. 302 (Jamaica): >Vr"W. P.Z. 8. 
1864, p. 178; D/*m. HAH, 1*66, p. 24; CW'*\ Pr. Philad. Acad. 
1800, p. 93 (Arizona); Gundf. It&pwt. Fim-o-Xftf. Cuba, i. p. 301 
(I860); Zww. -4/?«. Z?/c. X. T. ix. pp. 339 | O* *ta Kid I, 'J *7 f Tucatan) 
(1809); Baird $ Coop. B. Calif, i. p. 315 (1^70>; G. 11 Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 241, n. 9301 (1870); Ditfp% Naturaleza* i. p. 141, 
n. 170 (1870); Cow**, Key, p. 220 (W2); ^c//%. to. P.-iJ. 
Columbas, p. 152 (part, r] (1873) ; Soma. Mm. Xae, Lish. 
Columbse, p. 21 (1873); Sclat £ 6V^-. Xotnencl Ai\ Xtotr. p. 133 
(1873); Lawr. Mem. Bast She. X. H. ii. p. 305 (1874): B.< B., $ 
M. X. Am. B. iii. p. 370 (1874); Couw, B. Xorth-Wed, p. 357 
(note) (1874); Gundl. J. f. O. 1874, p. 297 (Cuba); Later. Bull. 
U.S. Xat. Mus. n. 4, p. 44 (1876); SancJiez, An. Mm. Xae. Me.r. 
i. p. 105, n. 489 (1878); A. $ E. Newt. Haadb. Jam. p. 114 
(1881); Swnichrasi, Xaiurcdeza, v. p. 232, n. 32 (1881): Salv. 
Cat B. Striehl Coll p. 548 (1882); id. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 428; 
Cory, B. Haiti § San Bomingo^. 131 (1885); id. List B. W. Ind. 
i. p. 24 (1885) ; F.-Perez, Pr. U.S. Xat Mm. ix. p. 175 (1886) j 
Cory, Auk, 1887, p. 115; id. B. W. Ind. p. 210 (1889); Scott, Auk, 
4. MEL0PEL1A. 
393 
1589, p. 100 (Key West): Sals. Ibis, 1*S9, p. 377: Tristr. Cat. 
Coll. B. p. 40 (lhSty: Hii/i. £ Itelmw. Xoiaeud. Mus. Rein. Orn. 

p. 284 |1S90?; BpmsrcL Xaiurakza,i*2) L p. 827, n. 184 (1890) ; 
if/. Apiuii. at Or ait. p. 20: Hartert* Kat. Vogelmmml p. 187 
(18911; Shufetdt. P. Z. tf. 1*91. p. 194; Bentfire, Life-Sist. X 
.1^ . j&//vft. p. 145 fl^2j ; &*>#, ^2/A, 1^92, p. 123 (Jamaica): 
Atticattr, t. c. p. 2-13 <Te\a-). 
Melopeieia leucuptera, lit hub. Tavlm, i. p. 22, t. 2-54. f. 1417, t. 25o. 
£ 2^b'9 {l&0i>|. ii. p. 1*J4 (1^32). 
ClianicepeLa leiiejpteia, (rkb. The*-. Orn. L p. 634 (1872). 

Adult Kiolt. Upper parts, throat, and "breast pale greyish brown, 
with an olivaceous cast: occiput and nape with a purplish tinge; 
on the nape gulden-green reflections in some lights : a spot of black 
below the ear* : tides of tin* neck with solden-green and amethyst 
reflections; throat and upper breast with an oekreous tinge; lower 
breast., abdomen, under ttll-r overt-, and under wing-coverts pale 
grey ; a broad band oi white on the wing» from the bend to the tips 
of the greater coveits.; wihtrlet. prim an -coverts, and quills brown-
black; secondaries m 11*4!in I tenxiintlly with white, inner secondaries 
like the back; priming \\itb narrow white edt>es; central 
tail-feather •» rutmis. brown; tin* lateral ones above grey, with a 
broad apical \\ hite-y;nn ban L and bemre thi> an obsolete ])laekish 
one; lateral taii-ie tt!in> below bl.tr kt\\iih the broad apical band 
greyish white : bill black : in I pinkish purple; iris purple. Length 
about 11 inches, whit? 0-r>, 1 til 1 r>, bill ie75. tarsus 0*95. 

Fecial*. Slightly sot til* r and with the purplish colour on the 
occiput and nape scarcely apparent. 

Hub, Southern border of the United States, from Texas, Xew 
Mexico. Arizona, and Lower California, southward to Costa Biea 
and the "Webt Indies. 

a. (S ad. sk. Fullers Ariz ,na, Mav (E. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. <$ ad. sk. La Paz, Lower California, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Feb. \Frazrrr). 
Cj d9 e- 6 2 ad. et Cape >di\ Lucas, C difomia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
$ juv.sk. (,L XtltttlLS). 
f-n. $ 5 ad. et imni. BrowiisulK Texas April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. (F. JJ. *lrm*trony). 
o-u. 
c? $ ad. et imm. Hidalgo, Ti xn*, April IF, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. B. Anttstroiitj). 

v. <$ ad. sk. Matamoros Mexico, Aupr. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(IIEUre^r). 
it*, x. $ ad. sk. Alamos Souora, Mav {IF. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Lfoytl). 

y. 
<$ juv. sk. Atotonileo, Mexico, July Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Ferrari"Perez). 
z. S ^d. sk. Gila River, N. Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Oct (II Wheeler). 
ar-df. S &d. et imm. Pesqueria Grande, X. Leon* Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. May (F. B, Armstrong)* 
e'-i'. <$ ad. sk. Hacienda de Lo* Escobas, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
K Leon, April, May (F. 
B, Anmtrong). 

h\ <$ ad. sk. 

V. <$ ad. sk. 
m\ (S imm. sk. 
n'. S &d. sk. 
o'. $ ad. sk. 
p', q'. $ ad. sk. 

r', s'. $ $ ad. et imm. 
sk. 

tf', u\ v\ $ ad. sk. 

w'. Juv. sk. 

#'. $ ad. sk. 

y\ $ ad. sk. 

z\ a". S ad. et ad. sk. 
b". d ad. sk. 
c". J ad. sk. 

d". S imm. sk. 
e". rf ad. sk. 
/'. $ ad. sk. 
/' . Imm. sk. 

W. S ad. sk. 
*". Ad. sk. 
k'\ <$ ad. sk. 
T, m". Ad. sk. 
n". Ad. sk. 
o". <S imm. sk. 

p". c? imm. sk. 

PEEISTEEIB^5. 

Panaguslin, X. Leon, May 
(KB. ArmstrongJ. 
Eio de Monteng, X. Leon, 
April (F. B. Armstrong). 
Eio de La Gilla, X. Leon, 
April (JF. B. Armstrong). 
Tepic, Mexico, May {IT. 

B. Richardson). 
San Bias, Ten uf Tepic, 
Mexico, May (W. B. 
Richardson). 

Bolanos, Jalisco, Mexico, 
Feb. (W. B. Richardson). 


Zapotlan. Jalisco. Mexico, 
Mar., Oct. ( JF.' B. Richardson). 


Tampico, Mexico, June 

(W.B. Riehardmn)^ 
Jerez, Zacatecas, Mexico, 
Sept. (W. B. Richardson). 


Aguas Calientes, Mexico, 
Aug. ( W. B. Richardson). 
Valles, Sau Luis Potosi, 
Mexico, May (W. B. 
Richardson). 
Muri, Mexico, April { W. 
lioyd). 
Aeapulco, Mexico, March 

(A. II. Markham), 
Tierra Colorada, 2000 feet, 
Guerrero, Mexico, Oct. 

{Mrs. H. H. Smith). 

Tamaulipas, Mexico. May 

(W. B. Richardson). 
Juchatengo, Oaxaca, Mexico, 
April (M. Trujilh). 
Tebuan tepee, Mexico, Feb. 

(W. B. Richardson). 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico (A. 
J. Grayson). 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico, 
Bee. (Forrer). 

N. Yucatan (Gaumer). 
Izamal, N. Yucatan, Jan. 
(Gaumer). 

Cozumel Is., Yucatan 

(Gaumer). 

Mugeres Is., Yucatan, 
Dec. (Gaumer). 
San Jos6 Solola, Guatemala, 
8000 feet, Dec. 

( W. B. Richardson). 
Volcan de Agua, above 
San Diego, Nov. (O. &). 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coil. 

Salvin-fvodman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coil 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

4. MELOPELIA. 395 
q" . Ad. sk. Duelas, Guatemala (Fra-Salvin-Godman Coll. 

. J ad. sk. San Gerunimo, Vera Paz, Salvin-Godman Coll, 

March (0. S.). 
s IF. . Ad. sk. Honduras. Leyland Coll. 
i". JUT. bk. San Pedro. Honduras {G. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

3L Whitehj). 
u" . 6 ad. nk. La Libertad, fealvador, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
May I IF. B% Richard-

r". 

v". J ad. sk. Costa IZira 1/. Carmhd\. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

w" . ? ad. &k. Near Spanish Town, JaSmithsonian 
Institumaica. 
May | Jf~ r. tion ~LF:. 
March). 

x", }y". Ad.etju\.*k. Jamaica. Gould Coil 
„n Ad. sk. Jamaica. Crosse Coll. 
~af. Ad. sk. VT. Indite. Purchased. 
b\ Ad. sk. Xu locality. Purchased. 

2. Melopelia meloda. 
Columba meloda, 7W*. Archh f. Xatury. Ifc43r1, p. 385 (Peru); id. 
Faun. 2W., Ave*, pp. 44, 27t\ t. 2iJ (1*44-40). 
Columbinal** melodii, (*. It. Or. (ten. B. ii. p. 474, u. C (lb45), App. 

p. 24(1849). 
Zenaida Mmh*vt*tiana, 7>* Mms. in Gaifx Ilki. <U* Chilif i. p. 380. 
t. ui. (1*47"}. 
Zenaida meloda, lithnk %//. «/!/<, f. 1418 (18171: (Jr.JiieBp, Co/tup. 
Av. ii. p. hi |1N*>4|. 
Melopelia meloda, Bp. Vamp. Ar. ii. p. HI (lh54) ; id. Compt. Rendus. 
xL p. 420, ii. 241 (IH55); id. Coup dHail Orire Pig. p. 68, n. 241 
(1855); iV/. Cwii^f. JS&»i«4gr. xltii. p. Mti (lboO); #•/**. P. #. & 1867, 
pp. 330, 339 fChili); G. II Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 241, n. 9362 
(1870); Selat 4* &afc. Nwneart. Av. Xevtr. p. 133, n. 2 (1873) (Pern 
and Chili); Tat-z. (>m. Fir. iii. p. 241 (18bfj). 

Columba ieucoptera, Aliq.JSde Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 81 (1854). 
Melopelia souleyetiana, Bp. M litt Jitle Conxp. Av. ii. p. 81 (1854); 

G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 241, n. 9883 (lfc70). 
Meiopeleia meloda, Mchnh Tauten, I ]>. 23, t, 254. £ 1418 (1862). 
ChanuBpiiia meloda, Gieb. Then, Orn. i. p. 635 (1872). 
Melopelia lencoptera, part., OcIUet/. Mm. F.-B. Columbse, p. 152 
(1873). 

Adult male. Similar to the male of 21. lencoptera, from which it 
differs in having a stronger bill, and the light tips to the lateral 
tail-feathers narrower and decidedly of a grey colour. Size of 
Jf. leucqptera, but bill larger, 0"78 inch. " Irides brown; naked 
skin round the eyes ultramarine; beak black; feet carminen 

(Berkeley James). 
Hah. Peru and N. Chili. 

a. <$ ad. sk. Pica, Pr. of Tarapacii, N. Chili. H. Berkeley James 
4000 feet [P.], 
396 
PEEISTEEID2ES. 

Subfamily II. TURTURIN^E. 

5. TUBTUB. 
Key to the Subgenera. 

a. 
Feathers of the neck normal, not bifurcated. 
a'. Two scale-like dark patches on the 
sides of the neck, with the edges of 
the feathers light coloured. 


a1'. Upper wing - coveits mottled, 
having the centres darker than 
the edges a. TUBTUE, p. 396. 

b'\ 
Upper wing-coverts not mottled, 
but uniform jS. HOXIOPELIA, p. 409. 
ti. A complete black collar on the hind 
neck y. STBEPTOPELIA, p. 413* 

h. 
Feathers of the hind neck bifurcated, 
black, v*itk two white apical spots .. o\ SPILOPELIA, p. 4^i9. 
e 
Feathers of the fore neck bifurcated, 
black, with two rufous apical spots .. c. STIGMATOPELH, p. 448, 

a. TTTKTOB. 
_ 
Type. 
Peristera, Boief Isis, 1823, p. $-21 (nee 8w. lf^'27) ........ T. turtur. 
Turtur, Selby, Nat. Librn Pigeons, p. 109 (1835) . * T. turtur. 

Range. Palsearctic, ^Ethiopian, and Oriental Regions. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Tips of the feathers on the sides of the neck 
white; under tail-coverts and terminal band 
across the tail white. 
a'. Upper part of the head and rump lead-grey .. turtur, p. 396. 
//. Head, back, and rump sandy brown witbettinm, p. 400


b. Tips of the feathers on the sides of the neck grey. 
c'. Upper wing-coverts broadly edged with rusty 
red. 
a". Under tail-coverte and terminal band across 
the tail pale, almost white as in T. turtur . ferrago, p. 401. 
b", Under tail-coverts and terminal band across 
the tail grey orientalis9 p. 403, 
d't Upper wing-coverts brown-grey; only some 
of the inner greater ones, and also some of 
the tertials, with rusty-red edges; under tail-
coverts deep grey; general plumage very 
dark grey I lugemf p. 408* 


1. Tartar tartar. 
Turtur, Will Orn. p. 134, t 35; May, Av. p. 61; Alb. Av. ii. p. 43, 
t. 47; Olina, Ucc. p. 34; Frkeh, Av. t 140; Briss. Orn. i. p» 92 
(1760). 
Turtur auritus, May, Syn. p. 184, n. 26. 
Columba turtur, Linn. S. JV. i. p. 284, n. 32 (f 766) (India!); Qm. 

5 . TCTBTUB. 397 
S. K. i. % p. 786, n. 32 (1788); Zatf. Jarf. Orn. ii. p. 605, n. 47 
(1790); -&WK. ZW. JEW., Orn. p. 247, plfel. f.3 (1790); Temm. 
$* Snip, Pig- i. fem. seconde, pi. 42 (1808-11); Temm. Pig. et 
Gdlin. L pp. 305, 478 (excl. %ar. 5, c) (1813); Ha//. X D. xxvi. 
p. 373 (IblS); £'fcj^. 6tew. .Zoo/, xi. p. 72, pi. 2 (1819); 2Wz. 
Jfojj. cTOra. Ii. p. 448 |1820|; £e*m. Bid. Sc. Nat xl. p. 345 
(1826}; JT^Z. Syst. At. Culumba, $p. 100 (lb27); Savi, Orn. Tosc. 
H. p. K3 (lb20;; Ze»>. Tr. cTOm. p. 473 (lfcSl) ; J\WM. iTatera. 
r<#. 1> **«*/</. TI. p. 233,t.102. if, 1, 2 (1&33); £*%, IE Brit B. 
pi. *56. f. 2 <lfc33): P% A J\"ez/^ Tfirhelth. p. 07 (1835); £jtoV>&/. 
P. 2T. tf. 1&31*. p. 100 (femj rna j; Govld, B. Bur. h. pi. 240 f 1^37); 
IV/2. Hare. P. X. *S*. Ife51, p. 140 (Madeira/; Buvry, J.f. 0. 1857, 
pp. 07, 19-3 (Alireiiaj; ZW&, iW. p. 331 (Canaries*); Poicya, Ibis 
lb60, p. 237 (Ionian Hand**); JTh>/tf, i&*, 1^63, p. 430,1864, 
p. 137; tiperling, Ibi*, 1HI4, p. 283: Smith, Ibis, 186b, p. 4o0 
(Portugal); *V«v/^7. I¥ s 187L p. 223 |S. hpaiii); Severtz. Turkest 
Jet-otn. p. fcb |lb73; (Tuikf&tun); Drwf. 4* Harvie Brown, Ibis, 
1875, p. 410 (Tran^Ivania/; &V///r. Ii Z, S. 1&75, p. 489; Z/£/
o/tf, i£w, Ifcfci*, p. 332 {CVprn-*). 
Tourterelk, IfAut#nt. PL Enl. 3ii4. 
Peristera turtux, Bmef Iw, l^2bf p. 327; Brehm, Tog. Beutschl 


p. 493 (1831); id. Vwjelf. p. 2~>7 (1S55); &r/ix&*. J". /*. O. 1805, 
p. 279; Sai% Orn. Hal ii. p. 217 (lKT4f; r Vterfe «£/. O. 1575, 
p. 180; liadde, Omi^m. p. 494 (L4>7); A'oemy, J. f 0. 1890, 
p. 448 tTeneriiK'K 
Peristera teitwa, C Z. Brehm, VMJ. DeutschL p. 494 (1831) (var.j. 
Peri&teria lufrubri**, Zandb. Syst Aitfz, d. J ay. Wurtemb. p. 52 
(MU) (TarJ. 
Peristeria maxima, Zamllh ibid. (\ ar.). 
Turtur commuub, AV/4 Xat. Zif/r., Pitjtmn9 pp. 1.53, 171 (1835); 

Sound. Tamil's Brit. B. ill p. 21 f 1^2); B. O. £T. Zuf Brit B. 

p. 139 (ifcfcty; A7i«//. l/i«v 1883, p, 2911; i&M, Zi^ Jrert -4H. 
8th ed. p. 4"i2(1^3|; C/wAv, ii/*, 1»4? p. 147 (Huagai*v); 
Whitek* lh\ lbd4, p. 40 (Corsica); Tm/r. iTaan. 4" i^>r. Pa&if. 
p. 120 (l8^4); Pie$ke, Vehen, haugeth. u. Tag. Kda-Halbim. 
p. 297 (Ihm); $//*w/. j&Y«»cf> Tec. Zf/z/. p. 192 (1887); Tost, Ibis, 
1887, p. 379 (Portugal); Chajmi. Ibis, 1I*N>, p. 445; PtoX^, jfef&w. 
u4c. Pitenb. (7) xxxvi. n. 3, p. 45 (Tmiebtaiij (18881; St. John7 
Ibis71889, p, 174 | Kandahar): Clarke, IhX 1889, p. 551: Trixtr. 
Cat. Coll B. p. 38 (lbfeU); -EOT^? I&te, 1^01, p. 74 5 Saund, Ibt>, 
1891, p. 185. 
Turtur vulgaris, Eyt. Cat. Brit. B. p. 32 (IKm); Bralce, Ibis, 1869, 

p. 153 (MoroccoJ; Blue, k Buckl. IM$, 1«N70? p. 201; Brem. B. of 
Bur. vii. p. 39, pi. 402 (lfcf70); id. Ibi*, 1870, p. 321 (Turkman); 
Danf. Ibk71878, p. 27 (Ana 3Iinor): A5a/i;. Cat -5. Striekl Cull. 
p. 544 (1882); Ir%? !//% 1MS3, p. 1*4; Boeing, J-/- O. 188b, 
p. 253 (Tunis), 1891, p. 312 (IVneriffej. 
Turtxxr migratorius, Mto. Claus. B. ii. p. 349 (1837); Sclat. Contr, 
Orn. 1852, p. 126 (Mokollo andMostV Well). 
Tuxtur auritiife, G. M. Gr. Zist Gen. B. x>* ^B (1840); id. Gen. B. ii. 

p. 472, n. 1 (1844); Marti %»t Verz. p. 99 (1844); 2&^. %«/, 
Z7efer«. p. 100 (1846); McMk Syn. Av. £ 1350-58(1847); Bltfih, 
Cat B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 237, n. 1437 (1849); Bp. C<mp. An. il 
p. 61 (1854) ; id. Compt. Rend, xl pp. 10, 219, n. 170 (1855); / ^ 
Cbf«p ^^/ / Or^r« Pi>. pp. 20, 57, D. 176 (1855;; G, R Gr. Zut 
B. Brit MUB. Columb®, p. 41 (1856); Tmtr. Ibis, 1859, p. 35 
(Palestine); Sofa Ibis, 1859, p, 318 (E. Atlas); Hartl J.f.O. 
398 PEEISTEEID^. 

1861, p. 266 (Gaboon!); Rchnb. Tauben, I. p. 09, t. 246. ff. 13561358, 
ii. p. 173 (1862); Homey. J. f. O. 1&62. p. 418 (Baleares) : 
Hartm. J.f. 0. 1863, pp. 303, 308,315; Trisir. P. Z. S. 1864, 

p 82 (N. Zealand, introduced); Salead. Fauna d'ltal, Vtc. p. 180 
(1872); Tayl. Ibis, 1872,p. 230 (Crimea\; HtugL Orn. S.O.-Afr. 

(1873); Antin. § Salmi. Viagg. Bogos* p. 130 {Lb73i; Hume, 
Lahore to Yark. p. 278 (1873) (Tarkand); Brooke, Ibis. 1S73, 

p. 335; Cord. Ibis, 1875, p. 184 (Heligoland); Whari. Ibi\ 1876, 
p. 26 (Cor>iea); Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 270 (1876) (Persia); 
&M. J.f.O. 1876, p. 188; Scully, Sir. Feath. IT. p. 177 (1876); 
7br£es, P. Z. S. 1877, p. S06; Brmf. Ibit, 1678. p. 20 f Asia 
Minor); Tayl Ibis, 1878, p. 369 ; Bidd. BJL% 18-1. p. «fc> (Giljrit); 
&M%, 7&w, l^l t p. o&5 (Gilirit) ; h C. &/H/L 7foV, 1 ^ p." 117 
(Quetta); Jft&?. iJw, 18^2, p. '2ij8; I)!xu,i, Ih\ 1^, p. r>77 
(Constantine); &rW^. 7#/s, 18N% p. 2o {Cauca-usj ; hWrrfz. Ibis, 
1883, p. 71 (Pamir raii^e); Homey. *V Taaerf, MT. urn. Ver. 
Wien, 1883, p. 91: Zarudn. Ois. Tramea^p. p. *il | L^vi); Wright, 

P.Z.S. 18*6, p. 81 (albino); Sfatrpe, Ibi% IfcHi, p. 4*0 (Faof; 
Scully, J. A. S. B. hi. p. 80 (I8fe7); Guilhm. Ibi\ |^N p. 113 
(Cyprus); Sharpe, TV. Xm/?. &>c, (2) -2W. v. p. vl f H^lfj; 77«». 
§ltchnw. Somend. Mas. Hehi. Orn. p. 277 (LH(Hi|; SAarpe, Sc. 
Bei. See. Yark. Mi**., Aves, p. 118 (Ibillf; ifo/«*. 7fc, 1802, 
p. 227 (Gambia). 
Columba a-fra, Webb $ Berth, {nee Bum.) Orn. Can. p. 2* (1841); 
Bolle, J.f. 0. 1855, p. 173; Godm. Ibis, 1872, p. 218 (1-); j&af 
7&i>, 1887, p. 428. 
Turtur sylvestris, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Sat. p. xxv (18-"]2|. 
Turtur glauconotus, C. L. Brehm, Vogelf. p. 257 (18*55); id. Saiurg. 


n. ZueM d. T. p. 50 (1867). 
Turtur risorius (errore), E. Newt. Ibis, 1859, p. 482; Wright, Ibis, 
1864, p. 139. 
Turtur cyanotos, Rchnb. Taidjen, ii. p. 173 (1862). 
Turtur tenera, Gigl Avif. ltd. n. 321 (1886). 
Turtur turtur, Sharped Ibis, 1891, p. Ill (Fao); Harieri, Eat. 

Vogelsmml. p. 187 (1891). 

T7. turtur x 71 rimriim. 
Turtur hybridus, Briss. Orn. i. p. 97 (1760). 
Columba turtur y, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 608 (1790). 


Adult male. Crown, nape, and itind neck "bluish ash; on each 
side of the neck a black patch, each feather with ashy-white 
edges; back pale brown; lower back, rump, and "upper tail-
coverts brown, more or less ashy; chin nearly white ; throat and 
breast vinons, changing into white on the belly, vent, and nnder 
tail-coverts; flanks and nnder wing-coverts bluish grey; scapulars 
and innermost wing-coverts cinnamon-brown with dark centres; 

D. TUBirK. 
399 
o-reater and outermost smaller wing-coverts grey; quills brown, the 
tertials broadly edged with cinnamon-brown; two central tail-
feathers brown, the remainder greyish black, broadly tipped with 
white, which runs up the whole outer web of the outer feathers: 
bill brown; iris reddish brown, bare skin round the eye red; tarsi 
and feet red. Total length 11-5 inches, wing 7, tail 4*8, bill 0*8, 
tarsus 0*85. 

luttiale, Rather smaller than the male, and the plumage less 
bright and pure. 

Yumiq. £pper parts much browner than in the adult; quills 
margined and tipped with rufous, and the rufous margins to the 
coverts and scapular* broader and duller; no dark patches on the 
sides of the neck : throat and breast dull pale ash, the lower throat 
washed with huffy brown ; flanks grey; rest of the underparts 
white. 

Htb. Western Pal&arctic Eegion; Africa in winter as far south 
at lea-t as Shoa, and Asia as far ea^t a*> Yarkand. 

Merton, Norfolk. Lord Walisindiam 
pull ft. 

IK-

h-n. Ad., JUT., et 
Cfambridjre-hir*». 

Purchased. 

pull. *st. 

o. t ad. *k. 
IJrijrhton, Su—t*x, April, SK»bohm Gull. 
p. Ad. <k. 
Onl«j\it**, 8«—•'x, July. *Sharpt* Coll. 
q. Ad. <t W. l5riiffr>,Esq.rP.]. 
r, S ad. sk. Coukham, July (It JB. Tweeddale Coll." 
Sharp* I. 
.s. g juv. sk. Cookham, May ( W. Briggs), Tweeddale CoE. 

t. 
$ ad. 4i, Cookham, JIIIF. Sharpe Coll. 
Komm*y Mar A, July. Sharpe Coil. 
juv. sk. 
K\ Juv. sk. Banks < if Thames, Sept. Gould CoU. 
.1-, //. 6 2 jw-^ Avincrton, Sept. Sharpe Coll. 

c. Juv. sk. Avlii^ton (fr. E. Shelleifi Shelley Coll. 
a'. 
Ad. sk. West 1 )raytun, June (Para-Hume Coll. 
man), 

V. d ad. sk. Heligoland, May (Githe), Seebohni Coll. 
t'. S ad. sk. Hungary, July. Hungarian Museum 
d'. 2 ad. sk. 
Valencia, April (H. SounTweeddale 
Coll. 

der*). 
e\ 5 ad. sk. Tangiers, April. Tweeddale Coll. 
/'. d ad. sk. Biskra, Algeria, May Seebohm Coll. 

(Burnt), 
g*. d ad. sk. El Kantara, Algeria, May Seebohni Coll. 
(Biston). 
h'. S ad. sk. Lambease, Algeria, May Seebohm Coll. 

(Blmn). 
z, k'. Ad. sk. Tunis. Fr&ner [ft]. 
l\ m\ n'. <J 2 ad. Egypt (<?. JEL Shelby). Shelley Coll. 

sk. 
o\ Ad. sk. Africa. Purchased. 
»'. Ad. sk. Near Lefkonico, Cyprus, Lord Lilford [P.]. 

April (Gmltemard). 

400 
PEEISTERIDiB. 

q. Ad. sk. Brussa, Asia Minor. Purchased. 
r'. <$ ad. sk. Hennon. Palestine. Canon Tristram [P.], 
$'. $ ad. sk. E. Bank of the Jordan. Canon Tristram TP.\ 
t'j u'. £ ad. sk. Kaukasus, June (Michal-Seebobm Coll. 
oiosJki). 
vr, w\ 5 ad. et Babylonia (Commander India Museum. 
$ juv. sk. Jones). 
of, y', z'. Ad. sk. FaOj Persian Gulf. W. D. Cummins'. 
Esq. :?.]. 

a", tf ad. sk. Kirkbab B., Persia. KennetE Loftus, E«q. 

V. S ad. sk. Kerrind, Persia, Aug. Kennetb Loftus, EM~J. 
"P.". 
c", d'\ (S ad. sk. Near Sbiraz, 5500-6000 ft. TT.^Blaiiford.E^j. 


e". Ad. sk. Kargalik, May (F Sfoliczlm). India Museum [P. . 
/" . Ad. sk Yarkand, May {F. Stoliczka), India Museum [P7. 
9",h",i". d ? Yarkand, June, Aug. (J. Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. Scully and G. Henderson)* 

*". 6 ad. sk. Yarkand, May (J". Biddulph). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2". <J ad. sk. Turkestan, May (Prjevalsky). Seebobm Coll. 
m". $ ad. sk. Quetta, 31 ay. Lt.-CoL Swinbt & 

t-T*-" 

ri\ Juv. sk. Kasbgar, Dec. (F. Stoliczka), 

India Museum _P.]. 

*",*",<?".<?? ad . Khua-an, May {Aitchkon). Afghan Boundary 
sk. C* munition ["P.I, 


rV" . Skulls. S. Germany. 

Dr. GiratberV Cult 

Hybrids (T. tirrtvrx T. risorhrs). 

#. cj ad. sk. E.W.H.BlaggT.j. 
& Ad. sk. Gould Coll. 


2. Ttrrtur isabellinis. 
Turtur auritus, part., Brefm, J.f.O. 185:1, Extrab. pp. 100T 101; 
? Alien, Ibis, 18(54, p, 239 (Egypt); * TayL (nee Lbm/t) Ibis, 
1867, p. 67 (Egypt). 

PPeristera 
ruiidorsalis, C. I. Brehm, Vogelf. p. 257 (185%) (8.E. 
Europe, in -winter in N.E. Africa): id. Baivrg. n. Zucht d. Tmih. 

p. 49 (1857); Rchnb. Taub. ii. p. 173 (1802); Heugl Orn. N.O.-
Afr. i. % p. 851 (1871). 
Turtur isabellinus, Bp, Mas. Berol. • id. Compt. Rendus, xliii. pp. 942, 
949 (1850); id. Icon. Fig. pi. 102 (bad) (1837) ; G. M. Or. Handlist, 
ii. p. 288, n. 9322 (1870); Shell. B. of Egypt, p. 216 (1872); 
Schley. Mm. F.-B. Columtoe, p. 117 (1873); JSmgl. J. f. O. 
1873, p. 151, 1874, p. 49; id. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. % p. clxx 
(1875); Gum. Eambl. of a Batumi p. 179 (1876); Gieb. Tkes. 
Orn. iii. p. 726 (1877); Dress. B. of Fur. vii. p. 49, pi 464. f. 1 
(1877); TayL Ibis, 1878, p. $72;'Sound. YarrelPs Brit BAIL 

p. 24 (1882); Shell. Ibis, 1883, p. 300; Hein. & Bcknw. Nomenel. 
Mm. Hein. Orn. p. 277 (1890) (N.E. Afr., Turkey). 
Turtur auritus, Tar., G. JR. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. uolumbse, p. 41, 
specim. d, h} i}"k (1856). 
Turtur auritus, yar. isabellina, Antin. Cat. Coll. TJcc. p. 91 (1864) 
(Abussembul, Nubia). 
Turtur turturoides, Wurtt. Ic. no. 64; Hengl J.f. 0.1867, p. 301. 
Turtur leoninus, Wurtt. Coll Merg.; Heugl J. f 0.1867, p. 301. 

5 . TCRTTFB. 
401 
Tiirtur sliarpll, Shell. Ibis, 1S70? p. 447 (Egypt), 1871, p. 143; 
HeugL Orn. S.O.-Afr. I % p. 8-51 (1871); Shell. B. Egypt, 

p. 215, pL 10. f. -2 (1872); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. 'iii. p. 728 (1877); 
Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. SO (1889). 
Very similar to T. turtur 9 but differs as follows:—Entire head 
and back of the neck sandy brown, passing Into fawn-colour on the 
upper back; chin and median part of the throat paler; lower back 
fawn-colour, with dusky centres to the feathers, and only very 
slightly washed with grey on the middle of the back and sides of 
the rump; greater upper tail-coverts and two centre tail-feathers 
dusky brown, broadly tipped with fawn-colour; remainder of the 
tail as In T. turtur, only that the white end Is partially washed 
with fawn-colour towards the centre feathers ; wings as in T. turtur, 
only there is less extent of leaden grey on the coverts, and no 
grey shade on the quills; the sandy rufous of the sides of the 
head and upper throat gradually passes into rich vinous pink, 
occasionally with a sandy shade on the sides and lower throat; 
remainder as In T. turtur. Total length about 10*8 inches, wing 6, 
tail 5, bill 0*7, tarsus 0-8. (Shelley.) 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat duller. 
Young. Paler than the adult, and of a pale sandy also on the 
lower throat and breast. 
Hah. X.E. Africa (and Ada Minor?). 

aj b. Ad. sk, A.«*uan, Ejrvpt. Parrevs Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Egypt (//. J6. Skdlfy). Shelley Coll) Types of 
d. g 
ad. sk. Favoom, Egypt (O. E. She!- Shelley Coll. > f.sharj)i£, 
lei/). "* " 3 Shelley. 
c TmAr)*

e. 2 ad. sk Cairo, Ej*ypt (R- Shelley Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Xo locality. Purchased. 
g. Juv. sk. [Brussa.] 
Parleys Coll. 
3. Turtur ferrago. 
Columba meena, cf ? Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 149 (migratory, Dukhurt). 
Turtur auritus, Yipze (nee auct), P. Z. S. 1841; p. 6 (Alpine Panjab). 


Columba ferrago, Evermn. Add. ad Zmgr. Rosso-As. fesc. Hi. p. 17 
(1842) (Songaria); SiricM. Ann. f Mag. N. H. arix. p. 180 (note) 
(1847); Bp. Res, Crit. Orn. Eur. p. 75 (1850) ; Eversm. Xf. O. 
1858, p. 292. 

Columba pulcrata, Hodgs. in Gray's ZooL Misc. p. 85 (1844) (deser. 
nulla). 
Columba orientalis, Layard (nee ZathX Ann. ^ Mag. N. H. (2) xiv. 

p. 62 (1854) (Ceylon). 
Turtur ferrago, Rchnb. Taubm^ ii. p. 68 (1862); WardL Rams. Ibis, 
1880, p. 68; Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 584 (Gilgit); Bidd, Ibis, 1882, 

p. 286 (Gilgit); Sound. Year. Brit B. iii. p. 23 (1882); Smertz. 
Ibh, 188*% p. 71 (Pamir Eange); Pkske, Mim. Ac. Sc. St Pitersb. 
(7) xxxvL n. 3, p. 46 (1888) (Turkestan). 
Turtur ruplcolus, Jerd. (nee Pall. ?) B. of Ind. iii. p. 476 (1864); 
Beav. Ibis, 1868, p. 374; Brooks, Mis, 1869, p. 354 Hum, Ms, 
VOL. xxi. 2 i> 

402 
PEBISXEKIDiE. 

1870, p. 438; G. F. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. MB, n. 9313 (part) 
(1870); Brooks, Str. Feath. iii. p. 256 (1875); Dress. Ibis, 1876, 

p. 321; Fairb. Str. Feath. iv. p. 2G2 (1876) (Mahabaleshwar) ; 
Gieb. Thes, Orn. iii. p. 728 (part.) (1877);" Wardl Mams. Ibis, 
1879, p. 449 (Afghanistan) ; Marsh. Ibis, 1684, p. 421 (Chamha); 
Brooks, Ibis, 1889, p. 575 (Cashmere) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 38 
(1889); Rein. 8f Behnw. Nomencl. litis. Heia. Orn. p. 277 (1800). 
? Turtur nieena, Tijtl Ibis, 1868, p. 203; ? Feiz. Ibis, 1868, p. 320 

(Pangi); Brooks, Ibis, 18G9, p. 60. 
Turtur montieolus (errore), Blyth, Ibis, ISfiS, p. 355. 
Colurnha gelastes, Severtz. (nee Temm.) Turk. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873); 

id. If. 0.1875, p. 180. 
Turtur vitticollis, a Hodgs.p Hume, Lahore to Turk. p. 274 (1873) 
(Sindh Valley, Kashmir). 

Turtur pulchrata, Hume, Nests ^ Eggs, p. 500 (1875): Bull. § 
Hume, Str. Feath. iv. p. 3 (1876); Hume, Str. Feafh. vi. p. 421 
(1878). 

Turtur gelastes, Finsch (nee Temm.), Ibis, 1877, p. 110 (W. Siberia)' 
Turtur pulchratus, Hume, Sir. Feath. viii. p. 110 (1^7ijf; Ieggpf B. 
of Ceyl p. 711 (1880); Sharpe, Sc. Fes. See. Turk. Misy., Ares, 

p. 119 (1891). 
Turtur orientalis ferrago, Seebk. B. Jap. Emp. p. 101 11890) (Nepal, 
Turkestan, 8.W. Siberia). 

Similar to T. turtur, but larger, with the edges of the scapulars 
and upper wing-coverts more rusty, and with the tips of the 
feathers on the sides of the neck lavender-grey; abdomen whitish, 
under tail-eoverts and terminal band across the tail almost pure 
white as in T. turtur. Total length 12"3 inches, wing 7*3 to 7*0, 
tail 5*2, bill 0*65, tarsus 1. 

Hah. S.W. Siberia, Turkestan, Cashmere, and Nepal; it winters 
in Central India; straggler in Ceylon. 

a. $ ad. sk. Earakal, Turkestan, May. Br. < \tto Finsch ^C.]. 
b, e. <$ ad. et ad. Tschinas, Turkestan, "May Seebuhxa Coll. 
sk. (Fussow). 

d. Ad. sk. Chilisconio, Aug. (Stoliczka). India Museum "P.], 
e. Ad. sk. Yarkand, May (Stoliczka). India Museum *F.]. 
f. g.- (S ad. et ad. Bvan Khevl/Mav, June (It. Tweeddale Cull" 
sk. "&. W. F.). " 
A. Ad. sk. Cashmere, July (Dr. Jerdon). Tweeddale Coll. 
2. 6 ad. sk. Gilgit, June (J. Biddulph). Tweeddale Coll. 
k. $ 
ad. sk. Gilgit Valley, June (J. Bid- Hume Coll. 
dulph). 
I rf ad. sk. Aster, 11,600 feet, Sept. J. Biddulph, Esq. 
[C.]. 
m,n. $ % ad. sk. Simla, June, July (JR. C. Tweeddale Coll. 
Beavan). 
o-u. <^2 ad. et Simla, July-Oct. (W. Dam- Hume Coll. 
imm. sk. son and A. O. HX 
v, w, 
x. S2 ad. Simla, Oct. (W.Davison). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 

y. 
2 ad. sk. Mahasso, Simla, Sept. (W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Davison). 
z. 
Ad. sk. Mahasso, Simla, Sept. (W. Hume Coll. 
Davison). 
a\ J ad. sk. 

b'. $ ad. sk. 

e(. d* jur. sk. 

df. d ad. sk. 

<?'. JUT. sk. 

/'. 2 ad. sk. 

g'. Imm. sk. 

/*?. Ad. sk. 

z'. J ad. sk. 

&'. Ad. sk. 

/'. § ad. sk. 

?//, n\ rJ. Ad. sk. 

j?'. Ad. sk. 
yr. $ ad. sk. 
r', s', £?. c $ a^-&^» 

u', i*'. d 2 ad. sk. 
Ztf'. $ 1221111. bli. 

x% t/. £ ad. et ad. 

sk. 

sr. Ad. sk. 

a'\ h"} c". $ acl. 

sk. 

rf". 2 ad. sk. 

e". Ad. sk. 

/". cf ad. sk 
</". $ ad. sk 

V', *". ? ad. sk. 

Jfc". Ad. sk 

I". $ ad. sk 

m". Ad. sk. 

a". Ad. sk. 

5. irBxrB. 
FagrooT Simla, Aug. (JS. C,:
Beavan). 

Mtitiana, June. 
Umballah, Sept. (22. C. 


ifeai-aft). 
Almoralij Aug. 
Kumaon iSirachey). 
Kumaun, April {G. King). 
Nalni Tal, Oct. 
Oudk 
Futtehgurh, April (A. Ander


son |. 
Lucknow. 


Putk, Feb. (A. Anderson), 
Nepal. 


Nepal (Hodgma). 
Nfpal Valley, Nov. (J*. Sadly). 
Nf-pal Valley. May, Sept., 


N*iV. (J". Sen My 1, 
N**pal Plains, Dec. 
linnidHioy Gryiiiidsj Nepal, 

Oct. |/. Xcitily). 
Native ^ikhixa, April (X. 

MantMli}, 
S"alitor f Hot/p&r). 
Sau^or, Jan. 

Sfoni 1)1 st., March. 
Mirzapur Mat, March (22. 

ThjtupSfjh). 

Mliowy Dec. 
Ajuod, liec. 
Khandei*h, March, Bee. (IF. 


Davidson), 

W. Khandewh, Majr. 
Mahabale&war, May (& J?. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale ColL 

Hume CnIL 
India Museum [P.~. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 


Colonel Way ~P.~. 


Seebohm Cull." 


B. II. Hudson, Esq. 
India -Muslim "F.\ 

Hume ColL 

Seebohm ColL 

Seeboimi ColL 

Hume Cull. 

Hume Cull. 

India Museum ^P.J. 

Hume Coil. 

Hume ColL 
Hume ColL 

Colonel Swinhoe[P.l 
Colonel SwinhoefP. j . 
Hume ColL 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Cull. 

"Wyuaad, April (W. Daw-Hume Coll. 

SOK). 

No locality {Mmsena Coll). E. Wilson, Esq/Pf. 

4. Turter orientals* 
Tourterelle brune de la Chine, Sonn. Toy. Did. ii. p. 177 (1782). 
Chinese Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. % p. 047, n. 40 (1753) {ex Sonnerat). 
Columba turtur e. Turtur sinensis fuscus, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 780 (17fc8) 

(ex Sonnerat). 

Columba orientalis. Lath. 2nd. Orn, II. p. 600, n. 48 (1790) (ex &7&~ 
nerat); VieiiLN. D.x&v'i. p. 377 (1S18); WagLSyd. A i\ Columba, 
sp. dub. 10 (1827); Sundm Smmka Foglarna, p. 172 (I860). 

Columba turtur, var. df Bonn. TabL Enc.9*Qrn. p. 248 (1790). 
Colombe tourterelle, Tar., Temm. Fig. i. fam. seconde, art. Tourterelle 
(1808-1% 
Columba rupicola, Fall Zoogr. Mosso-AsA. p. 560 (Lena and Yenisev) 
(1811) (ex Gmelm, MS.). 
2D2 

404 
PEKISTERID^!. 

Columba turtur, var. c, Temm. Pig. d Gallin. L p. 480 (1813). 
Oolumba meena $, Sykes, P Z. S. 1882, p. 149 fDukimn). 
Columba agricola, Tickell, J. A. S. B. ii. p. 5S1 (1833). 
Columba gelastis, Zbww. PJ. Co/. 550 (livr. 93?*) (1835); Knip 


$Pr4v. Pig. ii. pi. 27 (1838-43) ; &««fer. GEfrers. K. Yet-Akad. 
Fork. 1851, p. 183 (Sweden); ? Jliddend. Sibir. Eeis. ii. 2, p. 189 
(1853) (Ocliottsk): Nilss. Skand. Faun. i. p. 509 (185S) (Sweden, 
1842, and Oct. 1850): Wright, Bidr. till Finl. Naturk. Etn. <?, 
Stat, v. p. 311 (1859); Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 140. 

Turtur meena, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 2 (1844); Hart I. Erst. 
Nachtr. Tern. p. 17, n. 177 (1844); Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 875 
(1845); Gray, Cat Hodgs. Coll. Brit. Mm. p. 123 (1546): 
Blyth, Ann. $ May. J\r. 3. xix. p. Ib5 (I$471: Bcknb. Sya.Ai\ 
t 1359 (1847) (ex PL Col 550); Bp. Coa«p. At. ii. p. 00 (1854); 
id. Compt Eend.xl. pp.15, 21% n. 174 (1^55j; id. Coup cTwil 
Ordre Pig. pp. 29, 57, n. 174 (1855); Orn. Perry s Erped. 
Ja?).ii.-p. 222 (1858) (Japan); Rehab. Tanbtn, i. p. 0S<lb02); 
Jerd. B. oflnd. iii. p. 476 (1864); Bhfth, Ibis. l^#3-5, p. Si JO, 1*67, 

p. 149, 1868, p. 355 ; Beat. Ibis, ISiS, p. 375 ; Hume, Em. 1*70, 
p. 438; id. Lahore to Yark. p. 277 (1873) (Central and Southern 
India); id. Neds § Eggs, p. 501 (1875); id. Sir. Featk. iii. p. 103 
(1875); Blyth, B. Burm. p. 145 (1*75); Fcrirb. Sir. Fmth. iy. 
p. 262 (part.) (1876) (llahabale>hwar in winterf: Andtr*. Yuan. 
Expecl p. 605 (1878); Hume # Bam. Sir, Feufh. vi, p. 420 
(1878); Hume, Sir. Featk. riii. p. 110 (l*7<i); Tiravd, Bull. 
Com. Ayr. et Ltd. Cockinch. (3) i. p. 142, n. 2515 (ls7U): tialr. 
Cat. B. Strickl Coll. p. 545 (1882); Gates, Mr. Fmfh. x. p. 235 
(1882); id. B. Burm. ii. p. 292 (1883); Sclaf. ZiV IWt An. bth ed. 
p. 452 (1883); Swinh. §• Barn. EM'S, 1*85, p. 130; Ilitmr, Sir. 
Featk. so., p. 298 (1888); Salvad. Aim. Mm. Civ. Gen. (2) vii. 
p. 424(1889); Hartert, J. f. O. 18b9, p. 433 (Assam;; Trkir. 
Cat. Coll B. p. 38 (1889). 
Turtur orientalis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 878 (note) (1845) (Java!); 
id. Ann. fy Mag. N. H. xix. p. 186 (note) (1*47); Strickl, ibid. 
(1847); Hutt. J. A. S. B: xvii. 2, p. 13 (1848): ? Adams, P. Z. S. 
1858, p. 498, 1859, p. 187 (Cashmere and Ladak); Sicinh. Ibis, 
1860, p. 63; 1861, pp. 49, 341; Schley. Mis. P.-B. Columba, 

p. 118 (India and China) (1873); Dress. B. of Eur. vii. p. 45 {part), 
pi. 463 (1876); Anders. Yzmn. Erped. p. (i06 (1878) $ Scully, Sir. 
Featk viii. p. 340 (part.) (1879); Wardl. Earns. Ibis, 1880, p. 69 ; 
Salv. Cat. B. Strickl Coll.-p. 545(1882); Sound. Yarrelfs BriLB. 
ii. p. 24 (1882); Seebh. Ibis, 1884, pp. 35, 2m. 18S7, p. 179; 
Stejn. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1887, p. 171; Seebh. B. Jap. Emp. p. 160 
(1890) ; Backhouse, Natural 1890, p. 258 ; Seebh. P. Z. S. 
1890, p. 361 (England), id. Ibis, 1890, p.'388, 1892, p. 95 
(Tsu-sima). 
Columba (Turtur) gelastes, Temm. 8f Schley. Faun. Jap.. Ares, p. 100, 
pi. 60B (1847). 

Turtur 
gelastis, Rchnb. Syn. Ai\ Columbarise, Novit. t 240. f. 2585 
(1851) (ex Faun. Jap.); Swinh. Ibis, 1862, p. 261; Selat. P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 139 (India) ; Schley. Dierent. p. 200 (1804); Swinh. P. Z. S. 
1870, pp. 446, 602; Finsch, Verh. z.~b. Ges. Wien, 1872, p. 264; 
Swinh. Ibis, 1874, p. 162; Wald. Tr. Zool. Sac. ix. p. 220 (1875) : 

* The number of the livraison is not mentioned in the text to PL Col. 550; 
but as plates 549 and 551 both belong to livraison 93 (1835), we maj safely 
suppose that pi. 550 should bear the same date. 
O. rUBITCB. 
405 
BlaMd. Sr Pn/er, Ibis, 1578, p. 227: iid. Tr. As. Soc. Jap. Till. 

p. 204(1680;, x. p. 129 (lbb2j {Kurile Xs.j : Blaldst. ChrymM. 
lbS2, p. 522, 13S& p. *fb; JV. Amend. List B. Jap. p. 43 (I8fc4); 
£&?/«. P A C1& JVflrf. -¥««. x. pp. 400, 425 (1887); Tristr. Cat. 
CM B. p. 3b (15*9). 
Columba turtur, 
Schrader (nee Linn.), J. f. 0. 1853, p. 243 (O&tfinmark). 
Turtui* rupieula, Bp. C<m*p. Ar. ii. p. 60 (1854): id. Compt. Bead 

xl. pp. 15, 219, n. 17*3 {!>>*}) : id. Coup d'rtil Ordre Pit/, pp. 29? 
577 n. 174 (1*55); G. It. Gr. List B. Brit. 31m. Coluinbas, 
p. 41 (part.:-) (1*50j (Japan, X^palj: Ilck/ib. Taubetu \. p. 67 
(part J, r. 240. f. :>.>5, t. 2M. £ 1359 (IbirJ); Blahist. Ibis, 1K#, 
p. 320; CW^. Br. Arad. Pkilad. lSJi>, p. 320; Gray, Cat. Eodgs. 
Coll. 1). 31. it. 07 119>i); *SV w/i. P. Z >S' 1*03, p. 306: id. Ibi*, 181*33, 
p. 307 (Furrauaa;, 1*05, p. 541, IbfjO, pp. 313, 401, Ibfj7, 
p. 300; P/i///^ TSw, 1*07, p. 140; Whitely* Ibis, 1*07, p. 204; 
D«//. *.y Gerbe. Orn. Eur. ii. p. 15 (1*07) ; lieiak. Vtdtnhk. 31edd. 
fra d. Xaturfiist. Fvr&a. t 1*0*, p. iv: Colhtty Fork. Tid.-8dsh. 
Christ, xv. p. 15*1 (Osttinmarl) (1*0*); ? Ifyb. X f. O. lbGb, 
p. 330; tiirink. Ibw, 1*70, p. 350; £//. P. Z. S. Ib71, p. 307 ; 
J2*A/«r. P. Z 8. I*72T p. 407; Ad*tm, Sir, FeatL I p 300 (1873); 
tieklt/f. 31 MS. P.-IJ. Culumbie, p. lib fJapan, lUouria, and 
Sweden) (lb73f; D//&. J. f. O. IN3,p.07, lb74, p. 330; CW/rff, 
Cflr/f Zwjgintjr., B (1*75); TV?*;:. Bull. 8oc. 5JW. Pr. i. p. 241 
(1*70} (E. Siberia |: 3fe7\aa9 Br. It Phys. Sue. Edinb. 1877, 
p. 140 (Ykdul: Urn id § <Jte»i. Ois. C/«W, p. 3*5 U^77t; Collin, 
Kkandia. Fuf/I*\ p.:«14 (1*77); Bidd. Ih\ 1***1, p. 02 (Giljrit); 
ifotow, /./. 6. i **1, p. r»l ; iSVtf/^r, JM/», 1 **2, p. 435; Tan. P. A. *V. 
1**>7, p. fKJO (CWa), IH**f p. 407 : Curd. Ibi^ lh*>, p. 222 (tWimeiv); 
JDorries, J.f.O. lb**» p. b*; Marti. Abh. /tat, Ver. Urcm. 
xi. p. 400 (extx\ p. 14) (1HI0); tfty/z», Jfcw, 1*91, pp.328, 408 
(China); Omt. Am. *Sfe. JV«/. (ui.) xii. p. ZU (ThibetJ. 
Turtur (*r) vitticollis minor, Temni. jtde Bp. Cmsp. Ai\ ii. p. 00 
(1854). 

Turtur (?) vitticollis major, Temm.Jide Bp. ibid. 

Turtur erythrocephalus, G. M. Gr. 318. in 31m. Brit. 1854; Bp. 

Consp. Ax. ii. p. *K> (1854) (Africa merid. 1*1; £rf. Compt. Rendus. xi. 
pp. 16, 210, n. 175 (Ifcoo); irf. Coup (Tail Ordre Pig, pp. 20, 57, 

n. 175 (1855) ; i>l C'ow/rf. Bend, xliii. p. 942 (185(5); G. It Gr, 
List B. Brit. 31m. Columbas, p. 41 (1856) (Cape of Good Hope !); 
Mcknh Taube/i, I. p. 69 {1MJ2); G. P. Gr. Hand-lizt, ii. p. 23t, 
n. 9312 (1&70); sr 8chleq. 31m. P.-B. Culumb», p. 118 (1873) 
(S. Africa); Gieh Tkes. Orn. iii. p. 7M (1677); 6'M/. iJw, 18b3; 
p. 301; jS»flr^T LayardT* B. 8. Afr. p. 505 (1884). 
P Turtur risoria, Burgem (nee Linn.), P. Z. S. 1855, p. 34 (India). 
f Turtur sp., -dWanw, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 187. 
Columba (Peristera) turtur, var, gela^tis^ 8chrenckt Meis. Amur~L. 
i. p. 389 (1860). 
Columba turtur, var. gelastea, Baddef Iteis. S. i\ O.-Sibir, ii. p. 2b3 
(1863); Homey. J. f. 0.1870, p. 169. 
Turtnr auritus, var., Meinh. Yidensk. Aledd. fra d. Natarhkt. Fcren. 
11863, p. 03 (4th or 20th Xov. 1863, Jutland). 
Peristera rupicola, 
Collett, Fork. Vid.-Selsk. Christ, xv. p. 156, n. 128 
(note). 

* 
Exactly the same as the Indian specimens; the locality, no doubt, is wrong. 
408 PEBISIEBID.E. 

Turtur rupicolus part., G. P. Gr, Hand-list, ii. p. 23$, n. 0318 
(1870); Pelz. cV Zorenz, Ann. Xaturli. Hofmvs. iii. p. 4$ (l$t?$) 
(Japan); Hartert Eat. VoyekammL p. 1^7 (1S91) (Japan\ 

Peristera gelastis, Severtz. J.f. 0. lfc7o, p. ISO. 
Turtur stimpsoni, *%*«. Pr. C.6r. JWtf. J/MS. 1857, pp. S99, 420 
(Liu-Kiu Islands)**. 
Turtur orientals gelastia, 5fc?//z. Pr. U.S. Xaf. Mu*. 1S-7. p. 420 
(Japan). 

Similar to JF. fermgo, but tlie alj lomen vinous reddish, instead of 
whitibh; the under tail-coverts grey; terminal bind across the 
tail lavender-grey- As a rule, the Indian and L irmese birds 

(0. mteiia 2, Sjkes) are smaller and have the under tail-coverts 
of a deeper shade, while the Japanese and Chinese birds are larger 
and hare the under tail-coverts a shade lighter. 
Bah. From the base of the Himalayas to Ceninl India, and 
through the Burmese countries to Formosa, MandeLuiria, Corea, and 
Japan; accidental in Europe. 

a, b, c. Ad. et ]uv. ZSIepal. B. II HiiL^Il, I>| 
sk. 
d, e. J ad. «k. Nepal Valley, May, Aug. (J. Se» bunni <1 11. 
Scully). 
f-k. Ad. sk. Nath e Sikkini, March-Mav Hum.-C JIL 

(Z. Mandelli). 
I, m, n. Ad. sk. Rikkim, March {Z. Mowhili), I I niiH (\>\\. 
o-r. Ad. sk. Darjeeling. Ilimv* (-oil. 
s, t. Ad. sk. Darjeeling (Z. Mandelli). *S*^b*>lim Coll 
u-v. \d. et iuv. Bootan (Pemberimi). India Museum "P.". 
sk. J 
?/. ? ad. sk. Bhotan Doarsy Feb. (Z. ManHume 
Coll. 

delli). 
%. Ad. sk. Bhotan Boars. Seebuliin Coll. 
a\ b'} c1. Ad. sk. Assam {McClelland). India Muslim TP.]. 
d\ Ad. sk. Suddya, Assam, March (J. Hump Coll. 

Cockbum). 
e',f. dad.et? Shillong, June (A. W. Chenndl). Tweeddale Coll. 
jitv, sk. 
g\ ti. $ 5 ad. Dibrughur, May, Dec. (J. It. Hume Coll. 

sk. Cripps). 
*'. Ad. sk. Cachar, March. Hume Coll. 
A;', V. c5 ad. et N. Khasia HiPs, March, Nov. Tveeddale Coll. 

ad. sk. JA.W. Chennell). 
m'. Ad. sk, Khasia Hills. T wddal e ColL 
n\ Ad. sk. Khasia Hills. 

Hume ColL 

o't p'. (S 2 ad. Mampur, Feb., March (A. 0. H.}. Hume ColL 
sk. 
q', r'. <? ad. sk. Maunbhoom, Dec. (P. C. Bea-Tweeddale ColL 

van).
s'. Ad. sk. Saugor (Hooper). India Museum [P.]. 
t'. $ ad. sk. Sambulpur, June. Hume ColL 

[albino]. 
u'. $ ad. sk. Seoni Distr., March. Hume ColL 

* I have examined in Mr. Seebohm's collection specimens from the LIU-KJU 
Islands, and I cannotfind that they differ from 21 orkntalis. 
O. irBTUE. 407 
v'-tf. a 2 ad. 
sk. 
a'\h1\ Ad. et 
juv. sk. 
c". cTjav.sk. 

cT\ e". £ 2 ad. 

fek. 
/". Ad.sk 
<7". Ad. *k. 

//'. Ad. -k. 

*". Ad. *k. 

F. o al. sk. 
/". Ad. sk. 
M". C? ad. "*L 
' imin. sk.

n . 
o". d juv. sk. 

//'. 2 ad. H^'


r/',r'. \.l..k. 
$'. «f ad. "siv. 
15". $ JUV. ;di. 

w". d ad. -k. 

r", afc'",^"* 2 ad. 

et juv. sk. 
y". $ ad. -I*. 
3". cf ad. .-k. 
a]. ?A J ad. et 

ad. sk. 

c'K $ ad. sk. 

d3} eK Juv. sk. 

fK Ad. sk. 

g\ h\ 2 ad. et 
ad. sk. 
e3. Juv. sk. 

k\ 6 ad. sk 
Z3. $ ad. skm3. 
Ad. sk. 
n'K Ad. sk. 
o3. S ad. sk. 
jpJ, <f. Ad. sk. 
r3. Ad. sk. 
s\ f\ Ad. sk. 

w3. cT ad. sk. 

v*. Ad. &k. 

w3. Ad. sk. 

Itaipur, Jan. Hume Coll. 

Decean (Slices). India Museum ~P.\ 
(Types of Cohtmba mtena. Sykes). 
Khandala, April ($. B, Fair- Tweeddale Coll. 

hi ah). 

Mahabj.le*hwarT March, May Hume Coll. 

{S.B.Fairhank). 

India \Jtffh(i\. Gould Coll. 

"Cape uf (ioul II ns, CT. Campbell, Esq. 

[P.". (Type of T. 

eriffh'ocepJialuSj Grav.) 
B innali (Hfif'tftftja). Tweeddale CoU. 
Uurmali < Hovyh t*>a). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Up*/jr Burmah. Feb. Dr. J. Anderson ~C.~. 
Yuiicar, March. Dr. J. Anderson ^C". 
Ljw^r Peju, March. E. W. Gates, &{~ 

 Pejii. Feli. E." W. Gates, Esu. 

-<r. 

Tunjrhon, F«b. fJ?. *7. W, R.) Tweeddale CoU. 

Kv..uk-kvi'e. Jdii. I iZ.*?. ir.i2.). Tweeddale Coll. 

Karen llilk Jan. i ILG. W. It.). Tweeddale Coll. 

Kaivn-Xefs March I A*.a WJL). Twe?ddale Cull. 

Kyuiifc-nyat, Jan. ( W. I)avi- Hume Coll. 

s *a l. 

Pin*-fl m^U$ ^alwpt-ii, Feb.( If. Hume Coll. 

Pahpoun, litic, Jan. (W. Bavi- Hume Coll 

Pahpoon, Feb. (IF. Danmn). Salvin-frodnvin Coll. 

Chuan-chf*, May {Prjemhhj}* Seebohm Coll. 

S. of Manchuria, June. Dr. James ~P.]. 
S. Kintanjr, April. Mrs. Ince 'IV. 
Amur, China, Jan., Xuv. (12. Seebohm Coll. 
Stcitihoe). 

Swatow, "China, March (12. Tweeddale Coll. 

Stcitihoe). 

Hoopih, March {R. SicinJioe). Seebohm Coll. 

Takow, Jan. (R. Swinkot). Seebohm Coll. 

Canton (Tuckrtt). Tweeddale Coll 

Ningpo, Dec. (M. Sicinhoe). Seebohm Coll. 

Chefoo, May (R. Swinhoe). Seebohm Coll. 

Fokien. Gould Coll. 

China. Gould Coll. 

China. Seebohm Coll. 

Tchang, Dec. W. Pratt, E*q. [C.\ 

Formosa, March, Oct. (i?. Seebohm Coll. 

Sicinhoe). 

Soul, Corea, April. 0. W.Campbell, Esq. 

[P.]. 

Hamilton Is. A. G. Wilday, Esq. 
[P.]


Japan. 

Levden Museum. 

408 PEBISTEEID^L 
x\ Ad. sk.
y\ Ad. sk.
z3 , «4. d1 ad. et 
Japan. 
Nagasaki, Japan. 
Nagasaki, Japan, Bee. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
T. Einger, Esq. ~P.]. 
juv. sk. 
¥. cf ad. sk.
e4 . 5 juv. sk. 
Hakodadi, Japan, April (Capi.
JBlakiston). 
Hakodadi, Japan, June {&.
WJiitehj). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
5. Turtur lugeas. 

Oolumba Ingen^ Eiipp. Keue Wirbelth p. 64, i 22. f. 2 (Doner la, 

Egypt) (1833-40) ; Fes Murs, in Ltfebv. Toy. Abi?g*„ 0*«. p." 141 

(1845-50) ; Finsch §* Jesse, Tr. ZmL Soc. vii. p. 2^1 f 1*70;. 
Turtur higens, #. E. Gr. List Gdllina Brit. MVK p. 12 f1844); iff. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 3 (1844); i?%j. %^. C/A. p. 300 (1*43); 

ZooL 


IV. 
(1877); Shell. P. Z. *S*/ISS1, p. 508 (Paaprani), 1^2, p. :jf0: id. 
Ibis, 188% p. 302; Salrad. Ann. Jim. Vie. Gm. \"2\ L p. 208 
(1884); Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. IfeM p. 37^; id. J. f. 0.3^3, 

p. 119; JSfartf. Zoolog. Jahrb. ii. p. 330(1^7); Git/l. Ann. Mm. 
Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. GO (1888); Sfc/wnf. i&V?. p. 303 (JN» ) ; Ifarfotf, 
JEstf. VogelsammL p. 187 (1891). 
Streptopelia 
lugens, j?^?. Consp. Ar. ii. p. 64 (1*34); itf. Compt. 
Emd. xl. pp. 18, 219, n. 186 (1835); id. Coup trail Ordre Fir/. 
pp. 31, 57, n. 186 (1835); Eelmb. Tauben, I. p. 73, ii. p. 1**7, t. 248 

f. 1372 (1802): Seuql J.f. 0.1862, p. 293; G. It Gr. llaml-ikt, 
ii. p. 238, n. 9324 (1870); Mem. # Eehmw, JXbmend. Mm. Ilein. 
Om. p. 277 (1890). 
FPeristera lugens, C. L. Brehm} Vogelf. p. 2o8 (1833) (Balkan ! und 
INFordost Africa! 
Turtur sp.P, SehaL J.f. 0. 188*5, p. 54; Matsch. J. f. 0. 1887, 

p. 157; ? SchaL J.f 0.1887, p. 228 (Tanganyika). 
Adult male. Upper Iialf of the head and nape slaty grey, paler on 
forehead, and passing into vinous shaded with grey on the sides of 
the head, throat, and chest; a patch of feathers on the sides of the 
neck Mack, with slaty grey edges; hack brown, passing into slaty 
on the rump and upper tail-coverts; abdomen, under tail-coverts, 
under wing-coverts, and also the outermost and smaller tipper wing-
coverts slaty grey ; median wing-coverts and scapulars brown, with 
paler edges; some of the innermost greater wing-coverts and tertiais 
broadly edged with rufous; primary-coverts black, quills brown-
black, the secondaries with a slight greyish tinge and with narrow 
grey edges; central tail-feathers brown, the lateral ones black, 
with a broad apical grey band : " iris orange-yellow, with a tinge 
of orange; feet pink; bill reddish dusky" (Blanford): or "iris 
golden red; bill dusky; feet lake-red" {Antiwm). Total length 
about 10*5 inches, wing 7*25, tail 5, bill 0*68, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

O. TUBIUB. 
400 
Younger birds have the forehead vinous grey, the sides of the 
head, throat, and chest more reddish. 
Hah. Eastern Africa, from Abyssinia to Mamboio, about 


a. Ad. sk. Abyssinia. 
Purchased. 
h. 
2 a(hs^* 
Abyssinia, Sept. RiippelTs Coll. 

c. 
J ad. sk. Ankuber, Abyssinia, Jane India Museum ~P.~. 
(HarribS. " 
d7 e. d ad. et Angollallah, Abyssinia, May India Museum ~P.\ 
juv.sk. {Harrku 
/. ? ad. sk. Senafe, Abyssinia, Feb. W. T. Blanford, Esq. 

g. <$ ad. sk. Xear Tavita, Kilimanjaro, EC C\ Y. Hunter, Esq. 
Juiv, * Tf. 
/i. Ad. sk. Pangani R. (JEH*J. S&liey Coll. 

e. Imm. sic Maruboio (Kirk), Shelley Coll. 
8. HOMOPELIA. 
f Type. 
Homupelia, Salvad. MS....... .......... ». T. pieturatus. 
linage. Hadagascarian subregion. 

Keg to the S/tccm. 

Feathers of the hindro*ek, and mow conspicuously 
those on the «des of the neck, with black 
hidden ba&es and vinous or grey-vinous edges. 

a. 
Central tail-feathers brown. 
a*. Head and rump frw»y picturatus, p. 409. 
#. Head not grey, but vinous, or vinous and 
brown. 
a". Head, neck, and upper mantle vinous. 


«'". Tips of the feathers on the sides of 
the neck with a distinct amethystine 
lustre; flanks distinctly greyish; 
lower parte less white aldabranm, p. 411. 

b"'. Tips of the feathers on the sides of the 
neck vinous red, with no amethystine 
lustre; flanks le&s grey, lower parts 
whiter comoren&is, p. 415, 

b". 
Upper parts, except the vinous forehead, 
almost uniform brown coppingeri, p. 412. 

b. Central tail-feathers, lower back, and rump 
dark grey; bill thicker than in any of the 
allied species rmtratus, p. 413. 
6. Tnrtnr pictnmtus. 
Columba picturata, 
Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 315, 480 (He de 
France) (1813); Vidll N. J>. xxvi. p. 357 (1818); Stepih. Gen. 
Zool xL p. SB (1819); VUUl Mm. MML I p. '883 (1823); Temm. 
PL Col 242 (IITT. 41,1823) j Steph. Gen. ZooL xiv. p. 280 (1820); 
Desm. Diet 8c. Nat. xl. p. 352 (1826); Wagl Syst Av. Columba, 
sp. 61 (1827); Less. OmpL deBuff., Ok. viil p. 50 (1837); id. up. 

410 
PERISTEEID-3B. 

tit. 2nd ed. p. 282 (1838); Knip 4* Priv. Pig. II. pi. 35 f1338-43); 

G. B. Gr. Gen. B. Ii. p. 470, n. 29 (1844); ifcri/zk Syn. Ar. f. 1200 
(1847). 
Columba dufresnli, Leach,fide Staph, Ge/i. Zool. xL p. 77, pi- 3 (Me 
of France) (1819j . 

Peristera picturata, i?w>, IVs, 1823, p. 327. 

Columba picta, part., Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 473 (Marianne L4, Q. 4* #., 

and Madagascar. Belakmde) f ls31). 

Turtur veisicolor, 2u#/. (JWC Columba versicolor, KittL) fide Rcheth. 

Syn. Ai\ f. 2 (1847), et Bp. Comp. Ai\ ii. p. 01 f 1*54}. 

Turtur 
picturatus, Btyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 230, n 1438 
(Mauritius) (1849j; i?/?. Camp. Ai. ii. p. 01 C13J4J: id. Qjmpt. 
Bend. xl. pp. 16, 210, n. 178 (1-55] ; «/. Cw/> r/Vw7 Qrdre Pif/. 
pp 30, 07, n. 17* (1^55); <?. II. Gr. List B. Brd 31>s. Columb **, 

p. 42 (1858;; Earth J. f. O. IfcUO, p. 101; id. Orn. Beitr. Fair a. 
Madag. p. GO (1361); * *Rchnb. Taubett, i p. 70, t. 224. f. 1200 
(1862); Jfaztf. Xot stir file Lteun. p. lijij (1^021; SrlaK P. -2 & 
lbG3> p. 164; Boeh ^ B. Xtwi. Ibis, 1H.3, p. 1*57: E. Xmt. Ik\ 
1803, p. 454: Pollen, X. T. D. i. p. 319 (1*031; Coqutrrl, BvlL 
JSoc. Acclim. Biun. Ii. p. 19 <18C4j; Sehkg. IK Z. S. 1M*($, p. 424 
(part, Madagascar, Mauritius, Eetinion): JB. Xwrf. Ibh, 1*07, 
pp.346, 354 (bill and wing-, p. 355), 359 (Sew*h**lI«M ; Grand. 
Bev. ft Mag. de ZmL l*07j* p. 418; Mdetj. fy Poll. It* fit Faun, 
Madag., Ois. p. 113 (part) {lbf>>; A. Xeicf. Ik's lH*i% ]>. 477; 
G. II. Gr. Eand-lht, Ii. p. 23^, n. 93H (l*7Qi; brltrt. P. Z. ts. 
1871, p. 093; Schley. Mm. P.-B. Columb f\ p. 129 (1 -73); *t Milne-
Bdw. Ann. 8c. Xai. (5) xix. p. 14, pi. xii. f. 2 (Ijoms of the foot) 
(1874); £«rtf. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 07; Marti Vrjy. Madnq. p. 20S 
(1877); Gieb. The*. Dm. iii. p. 727 (part.I (1^77); Orn. 'Bull. 8oc. 
PMlom. 1878, p. 178; Shell. Ibis, IbtfS, p. 317 (s%n. emend. 1; &&t 
£&£ TW. -4K. 8th ed. p. 452 (18b3j ; Milne-Efhc. k Grand. Hist. 
Xat Madag. xii. Ois. p. 460, pis. 185, 186, 1ST (13K5); TVi^r. 
Cat Coil. B. p. 38 (1889); Seine # JKC/IJW. Xmuencl. Mm. Hem. 
Orn. p. 277 (1890); Sibree, Ibis, 1891, p. 564. 
Turtur prevostianus, Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 02 (1854) (=C. picta, 3/u& 
Pan's, Marianne Isl.*, Quny <f* Gaimard); wf. Compt. Rend. xl. 
pp. 16, 219, n. 180 (1855); af. Co?^ fail Ordre Pig. pp. 30, 57, 

n. 180 (1855); G. B. Gr. List B. Trap. Isl p. 43 flaoU); Ilartl. 
Orn. Beitr. Faun. Madag. p. 07 (1861); Bcimb. Tavben, L p. 71 
(1802); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 238, n.0391 (1870); Giek Tim. 
Orn. id. p. 727 (1877); Oust. Bull Soc. PMlom. 1878? p. 179; 
Wiglesw. Aves Polynes. p. 54 (1891). 
Turtur pictus, Mm. Paris, fide Oust. Bidl Soc. PMlom. 1878, p. 179. 
Turtur picturatus, var., Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 38 (18«0) (Bourbon). 


Adult. Head grey, paler on the chin, and gradually shading into 
ashy vinous on the remainder of the neck and breast; feathers of 
the hind neck and sides of the neck have concealed bases black, and 
tips greyish vinous; the vinous of the neck shades into chestnut on 
the upper back, portion of the scapulars, and the smaller upper wing-
coverts ; apical portion of the scapulars, remainder of the wings, 
upper tail-coverts, and central tail-feathers brown; primaries with 

* Marianne Island is one of the SeycheHes (B. Newton, ' Ibis/ 1867, p. 359), 
and not the same as the Ladrone Islands, as, following Bonaparte, has been 

generally understood. 

a. TUKirR. 411 
narrow whitish edges ; lover back and rump slaty grey; abdomen 
pale vinous; under tail-corexts white; marginal under wing-coverts 
vinous, the inner ones and axlllarles greyish brown; lateral tall-
feathers slaty grey, with an obsolete suhapleal black band and a 
broad terminal grey band, which, on the inner web of the two outer 
feathers. Is almost white: L-iiis yellowish brown; beak pinkish 
horn-colour; nostrils and bkin round the eye and feet lake-red'* 

(E. Setrtoti). Total length 11-5 to 12 inches, wing 6li to 6*9, tail 
4-8 to 5, bill 0*72, tardus 1. 
Tot7'tig. u Greenish |or olive-brown?), the feathers edged with 
rufuus: breast brown, with rufous lines; abdomen reddish" {Milae-
Edwards and Grrifvli h%ru 

Hah. 3Iadaga-ear, irum where apparently It has been introduced 
into several of the surrounding island*—Ke union, Mauritius, and 
Seychelles. 

Two of the birds mentioned below, one from Anjnan, and the 
other said to be from Bourbon, differ In some respects from typical 

T. pktitndus: both have the w y colour of the head washed with 
vinous, and, after ail, they may belong to T. tvnmrimis7 although the 
rump is grey, a^ in T. pirttnvhts. 
a, Ad. -t. MrtdaiffHffir. Purcha^d. 
b. 
e. 
Ad. *&. 
Ad. sk. 
M»tdu.r«wai\ 
Madajra^oar, Autr, (A. 
BLirpe Coll. 
fc>alvin-Uodman Coll 
Crttuslttf), 
d. Ad. 4z. Ankafana, Madagascar, li**v. Deans-Cowan 
March. Coll. 
e. 2 ad. sk. Ankafana, Madagascar, Shelley Coll 
f. Ad. sk. 
Feb. (Deans-Cmtan).
Betsileo, Madagascar, 
March (Deam-Cowan). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
ff-Imm. sk. Central Madagascar. SheHey Coll 
IK 
i. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. Mauritius (Bewsher). 
Shelley Coll 
ShelleV Coll 
7c. 
L 
Ad. sk. [var.]. 
2 ad. sk. [var.]. 
Mauritius. 
Anjuan. 
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.]. 
Purchased. 

7. Turtxtr aldabranus. 
Turtur aldabranus, Sclat. P. Z. S.1871, pp. 623, 692, pi. 73 (Aldabra 
Is.); Garr. P. Z. & 1873, pp. 466, G3i), 1874,p. 256; Hartl Jo//. 
Madag. p. 270 (1877); Oust. Bull Soe> PkUom. 1878, p. 179; 
tiheU. IbU, ltf83, p. 318; mat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 454 
(1883); MUne-Edw. $ Oust. Norn. ArcL Mm. (2) x. pp. 275, 276 
(1889). 

Turtur aldabramus (errore), GwB. Thes. Orn* lib p. 725 (1877). 
Turtur aldebranus, E. Fm± P. Z. S. 1877, p. 300. 

Adult male (type). Very similar to that of T. comorenm, from 

•which it is scarcely distinct, differing only in having the tips of the 
feathers on the sides of the neck with a distinct amethystine lustre, 
the vinous tinge on the lower parts more extended on the abdomen, 
and the flanks more greyish, so that the lower parts appear less 
412 PEEISTEHID-3E:, 

whitish. Total length about 12 Incites, wing Q'5, tail 5, bill 0*75, 
tarsus 14. {Cambridge Mm.) 

Female (type). Similar to the male, only somewbat smaller: —bill 
lead-colour, with the tip yellowish; feet flesh-colour" (Se?aUr); 
iris bright red. Total length about 11 Inches, wing about 5-7-5 
{Cambridge Afus.). 

Rah. Aldabra Island. 

I am indebted to Prof. A. Xewton for the opportunity of examining 
the types of this species. 

S. Turtur comorensis. 
Turtur picturatus. part., Srhlfg. P. Z. S. 1500. p. 4:24; tohleg. & Poll. 

Reck. Faun. Madag., 0&. p. 113 (1*06) (Mayuttel: Hartl. Tog. 

Madag. p."26h (part.) (1&77). 

Turtur comorensi-, E. Xeirt. P. Z. S. 1577, pp. 300, ;JU2 (Anjuan) 

(type examined); Shell. P. Z, b'. 1679t p. ti7^ i*\n. emend.}: id. 

Ik% 1883, p. 819; Mihie-Edie. $ fJmf. Xwu: Arch. Htt*. i'lj x. 

p. 274 (1889). 
Adult Head, neck, upper mantle, and breast vinous, shadim? into 
white on the middle of the abdomen and under tail-coverts; smaller 
upper wing-coverts chestnut; remainder of the upper parts brown, 
with an olive tinge; on the back of the neck, and more conspicuously 
on the sides, the feather^ have bliek, almost concealed, 
bases, and the tips greyish vinous; under wing-eowrtb brown, with 
a reddish wash; axillaries and flanks greyish brown; tail above 
brown, the lateral feathers with a broad terminal light band, almost 
white on the outer feathers; tail underneath black, with a broad 
greyish-white terminal band: " iris red; bill slate-colour, with the 
end yellow; legs pinkish red" (Shtlhy). Total length about 
11-5 inches, wing 6*8 to 7, tail 5, bill 0*7, tarsus 14. 

Ilah. Comoro Islands. 

a, b} c. Ad. sk. Anjuan Is. Purchased. 
d,e. Ad. sk. Anjuan Is. (Kirk). Shelley Cull. 

9. Turtur coppingeri. 
Turtur coppingeri, Bharpe, Pep. Tog. cAlert? p. 484 (1884) (Glorioso 
Island). 

Similar to T. comorensis and T. aldabranus, but differs in the 

brown colour of the upper parts, in having only the forehead vinous, 

contrasting somewhat with the brown colour of the crown and 

occiput; there is scarcely a tinge of chestnut on the smaller wing-

coverts; the under tail-coverts have a distinct bluish-grey wash; 

"iris orange-red; bill dark; legs and feet dark red" (Dr. Cop-
ginger). Total length about 12 inches, wing 6*5, tail 4-25, bill 0*7, 
tarsus 14. 
Hab. Glorioso Island. 

a. $ ad. sk. Glorioso Island (Dr. Coppinger). H.M.S.lAlert' Exped. 
(Type of species.) 
5. irRruB. 
413 

10. Turtur restrains. 
Columba pictmata, var., Prei\ Pig. 11. p. ®% text to pi. 35 (183S-43). 

Turtur rostratus. Bp. Coa*p. A v. II. p. 02 (SeychellesJ (1854); id. 
CumpL Bead, xl pp. 1*5, 219, n. 179 (1555) { id. Coup d'ceil Ordre 
Pirj pp. 30. 57; n. 179 f 1S55 t; IZiwtf. Or/i. Beitr. Faun. Madag. 

p. 67 USOlJ; 2fc£/i&. 7W*a, I. p. 71 (1S02); K Xetcf. P. Z. & 
1807, p. 344; ?>/. !¥?, W*7. pp. 330, 337, 354, f. wing" and bead, 
Tip. 355, 359 {Marianne L) : A. Xetct. Ibis, 1303, p. 477; 67. 22. 
<&. JEfMd-h\% li. p. 23-3 ii. 0320 (1570): tiehkg. Mm. P.-B. 
Columbia, p. 130 (Is7St: Ofhf. Btdl Soc. PMhrm. 1S77, p. 101 ; 
Hartl Von. Mr^hig. p. 201J {1^77); Orn. Bull Soc. PHom. 1^7*, 
p. h>0; tf/W/. 2/A, 1^3. p. 320; TVtar. Otf. CW£ A p. 3^ 
(15^). 
Turtur 
pieturatn*. part.. Schley. P. Z. S. Ib06? p. 424 (Mavotte); 
&hty. * P»V- J?'-"/'. J>«'«. 3/^%. . 0/>. p. 113 (part.; (1-0*); 
Gieh. The?. Otfi. Hi p. 727 (partJ (1^77j. 

Adult -male. Upper part of the head, upper hack, scapulars, and 
the leaser upper wimr-eowrt? deep vinous purple; remainder of the 
head, neck, breast, and abdomen somewhat paler: feathers of the hind 
neck, and more conspicuously tho-sC of the *-ides of the neck, have 
black concealed ba^t^ and broad #rey vinou^ tip* ; lower back, rump, 
and upper tail-coverts uniform lead-jrrey; remainder of the wing 
brown, the primaries with narrow pale vinous edges; vent greyish, 
under tail-covert-* white; >i*k\s and under wing-coverts dark grey; 
central tail-feathers uniform grey ; the lateral ones have a grey base, 
a broad terminal white band, and a black band between the white 
and the grey: *" bill s>lare-bla<*k, with the end third yellow; legs 
reddish brown" {6h*l!*y). Total length 10 inches, wing 5'8, tail 
3*9, bill 0-8, tarsus 1-1. 

Apparently younger birds are duller and darker, the sides lead-
grey ; the lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and central tail-
feathers brown. 

Hob. Seychelles. 

a. S a&-gk. Marianne I., Seychelles. Shelley Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Marianne I., Seychelles. Tweeddale Coll. 
c. d. Ad. sk. Praslin, Seychelles. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y. STBEPTOPELU. J 
Streptopelia, Bp, Comp. Ai\ ii. p. G3 (1854) T. iisorius. 

Range. Africa, S.W. Palaearctic Eegion, Indian and Oriental 
Regions, Indo-Malay Archipelago, and also Marianne or Ladrones 
Islands, where most likely one species has been introduced. 

414 
PERISIEBmS. 

Key to the Species *. 

A complete black collar on the nape; upper parts 
not mottled. 


a. 
Upper parts, or back, scapulars, and inner 
half of the upper wing-covertSj earthy 
brown. 
a'. Under wing-coverts lead-grey. 
a". Under tail-coverts prey. 
a"\ Upper parts earthy brown, with no 
rufescent hue. 


aK Under tail-coverts dark lead-irrey, 
almost uniform; cheek* vinous 
with no grey tinge... ..... semitorquatu*. p. 4111 

!/. Under tail-coverts grey, with 
distinct whitish edges; anterior 
part of the cheeks grey. 


a'\ 
Under tall-coverts dark prey 
edged with whitish; breact 
vinous red $kfJieyi} p. 4 Iff. 

P. 
Under tail-coverts pale pr^y, 
with broad white edjren; 
breast pale vinous amhiyuu&1 p. 410. 
* It is uncertain to which species the tame Dove belong*; the follow ing 
synonymy applies to it:— 
TORTUS BISORICS. 

Turtur torquatus, Briss. Orn. L p. 05 (1760). 
Columba risoria, Linn. 8. K i. p. 285, n. 33 (1766): Stop. AAIU I. p. 125, 


n. 182 (1769); Gm. 8. X. I p. 787, n. 33 (1788); LiiL Bui Orn. ii. 
p. 607, n. 51 (1700); Bonn. Tail Enc.< Orn. p. 248, pi. 62. f. 1 (1790); 
Knip % Temm. Big. i. fain, seeonde, pi. 44 (1808-11J; Tern<n. Pit/, ei 
Gallin. i. pp. 323, 481 (part.) (1813); Vieill X II xxvl p. 377 (1818); 
Steph. Gm. Zool. si. p. 71 (1819); Sorsf. Tr. Linn. Soc. nil p. 183 
(1821) (Java); id. Zool. Bes., Gener. Cat (1824); Desm. Diet. St'. XaL 
xl. pp. 349 (part.), 426 (1826) ; Less. Tr. $Orn. p. 473 (part.) (1831) 
(Tonga Islands!); Less. Compt. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 48 (part.) (1837); 
id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 282 (part.) (1838); Sundev. (Efe. K. Vft.-Ak. Fork. 
1809, p. 586 (St. Barthelemy); GvUiv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 489. 
Tourterelle a collier, DAubeni. PL Eni. 244; Buff. Hist JW. Ok. ii. p. 550, 

pi. 26 (1771). 
Collared Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 648, n. 42 (1783). 
Colmnba alba, Knip § Temm. {nee Gm.) Pig. L fam. secondly p. 102, 

pi. 46 (1808-11) (var.); Temm. Pig. et Gatl&n. I. pp. 333, 484 (1813); 

Steph, Gen. Zool xi.p. 70 (1819) ; Desm. Met 8c. XaL xl. p. 351 (1826). 
Columba risoria, var. cicurata, Wagl. Syst. Aw. Columba, sp. 93 (1827). 
Columba risoria, var. /3, Wagl. ibid. (1827). 
Peristera risoria, Boief Ms, 1828, p. 327. 
Turfcur risorius, Sell. Nat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 170, pi. 17 (1835) ; G, B. Gr. 

Gen. B. p. 472, n. 4 (1844); Bchnk Syn. Av. € 1365, 1366 (var. alba) 
(1847); Blyth, Cat B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 235, n. 1430 (part., dora. var.) 
(1849); Mitch. P. Z. S. 1849, p. 172l; Swinh. lhi,% 1865, p. 541 
(albino), 1866, p. 298; ? Drake, Ibis, 1869, pp. 151,152 (Morocco, caged 

1 Ectopistes migratorim <$ X Turtur risoritts $ * 

O. TOUCH. 415 
&'". Upper parts brown, more or less 
with a rufescent hue; anterior 
part of the cheeks very slightly 
tinged with grey; under tail-coverts 
grey, edged with white ... . chcipiem, p. 420. 

l/\ Under tail-coverts white. 
e'1. A vinous-red collar below the Mack 
one of the nape, 

c*. Nuchal collar Mack; head vinous 
red, except the upper part which 
is grev Mtorquaius, p. 421. 

dK Nuchal collar mealy black, the 
feathers distinctly edored with 
black; head almost entirely prey, 
with a slight vinous tinge on the 
hind pan du&sumieri, p. 423. 

d,f\

 No vinous-red collar below the 
black use of the nape. 

birds*; &>/<%. 3f?fj>. P.~B. Coiurubaj. p. 125 (1873) (tame bird;; Gieb. 
Thn, Orn. ill p. 727 (1*77*: ?*St1^". Lhf Vert. An. Mh ed. p. 454 
(I8!itf): (rvnth. P. Z. X 1^7, p. :m (T. ri*oriua 2 X Fan tail Pigeon 
d) ; M'j*1'P**-T"-& X(f*-M*'*' 1**7, "P. 42\ pi. xxii. f. 4 < outer lailfeafher;; 
/,V«HS £hint l^JMt p. 74; Ilurttrt, JCaf. Vgfhammf. p. 188 
(part.? IlKlI). 

Coluiubt riM>ria cluimHiea, Tm/mt. PL *V. i. 2Wi. JMM. p. SI (iSCjff). 

Strep* opelia riaorta, ///>. (wi^, Ai\ ii. p. ijJHpart) (IHJH); id. Votapt. 
Paid. xl. pp. I*\ ti II*, n. IK* Ip-irt.lflbsli; id. Coup (Pit if Orcla Pig. 
im, M, 1*7, ii. IK* (part.) (l&r>r>;: /»'< /i«//. Tu'dttn, i, p. 74 l part.), t. 247. 

c im\ am, a. p. i7«"» iia^i; r;. ;/. 6v. iiuna-n*t, n. p. 2*39, 

n. 032H (part. 1 (1 >s70j; Htia* *j* lichnw. JSWMM'L Mm, llein. Orn. 
p. 277 (!5*JI). 
Columba msoria (trrt*rt\ SehaL J,/, 0.1877, p. 190(Isola inadreand Isola 
bella, Lagt> Aluggiore). 
Adult male. Upper parts yellowish bay or isafoelliiie, greyer on the outer 
wing-coverts and secondaries; a broad black collar, edged above with whitish 
grey, on the hind neck; throat almost pure white; breast pale isabelline, 
changing into white on the abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts; sides pale 
grey; under wing-coverts pale grey, almost white; primaries pale brown ; 
central tail-feathers isabelline grey, the lateral ones darkish grey, changing into 
white towards the tips; outer web of the outer tail-featber almost white; 
tail below blackish at the base, the black sharply defined from the apical half, 
which is white, but tinged with grey near the black part: bill light hom; irides 
orange; feet pink-red. Total length about 10 inches, wing 6, tail 4*5, bill 0*6, 
tarsus 0*85. 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat smaller. 
There is a variety completely white, which Temminck and others have 
considered a distinct species {{?. alba). 
This bird has become very common everywhere in a domesticated state. 

a. Ad. sk. India. 
b. 3 ad. sk. Preston Hall Aviary. Gould Coll. 
c. P ad* sk.
d. Skeleton. 
Staffordshire, March. E. W. EL Blage, Esq. 
[P.l 
Darwin Coll. 
e. Skeleton. Purchased. 

Hybrids faeimmn Turtur risorius and Columba livia, van laticauda. 
a-f. (S ad. et ad. sk. Bred in confinement. Dr. Ganther [P.], 

PERISTERmS. 

416 

e4, Breast vinous gxej. 
e\ Darker and more grey on the 
breast capieola, p. 424. 

d5 

. Paler and more vinous on the 
breast danuiren&k, p. 426. 

/ 4 . Breast, neck, and sides of the 
head pure vinous pink, "with 
no grey tinge li/iacevs, p. 428. 

l\ Under mug-coverts pale grey, the inner 
ones almost whitish. 
c". Abdomen and under tail-coverts white: 
head, neck, and breast pale vinous .. ro*etjr/ri$&u8f p. 420. 

d". Abdomen and under tail-coverts 
grey; head, neck, and breast pale 
vinous, but the hind part of the 
former grey dourara, p. 430. 

b. Back, upper wing-coverts, scapulars, breast, 
and abdomen vinous red; head grey : 
females of a general pale brown colour. 
c'. Under wing-coverts lead-grey .. .. humili*. p. 46*4. 
d'. Under wing-coverts light grey tranquihariem, p. 437. 

11. Turtnr semitorqrattis. 
? Coliimba risoria fera, var., 
ZickL Verz. Dmbl, p. 02T n. 000 (1^23) 
(Nubia). 
? Coluniba levaillanti, Temm. (ubi?), Lets. Tr. <TOrn. p. 473 (1631) 
(Cape, descr. nulla). 
Columba semitorfjuata, Rllpp. Neue Wirbelth., Vug. p. GO, t. 23. f. 2 
(Abyssinia) (1835). 
Turtur erythrophrvs, Sic. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 207, pi. 22 (1837); 
Myth, X A. 8. B. xxiv. p. 260 (1855) (Nubia, Mtppeti); Hartl 

J. f. 0. 1854, p. 206, 1855, p. 361; id. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 105 
(1857) (Gambia, Ashantee, Gaboon); Cass. Pr. Philad. Acad. 
1859, p. 143 (Gaboon); Gum. Ifa\ 1602, p. 152 (Natal); Mmteiro, 
P. Z. S. 1865, p. 94 (Angola); Hartl P. Z. S. 1807, p. 827 
(Zanzibar); Chapm. Trav. 8. Afr. ii. App. p. 411 (1868); Socage, 
Jorn. Acad. Lisb. i. p. 337 (1807), ii. p. 46 (lb08|, p. 349 (1809); 
Cab. v. d. Deck. Pais. iii. p. 42 (1809); Skarpe, Ibis, 1870, p. 57 
(Fantee); id. P. Z. S.1870, p. 150 (Angola); Shell. $ BuckL IMsf 
1872, p. 290 (Gold Coast); SeMeg. Mm. P.-B. Columba, p. 121 
(1873) (Gold Coast*); Bharpe, P.Z.8. 1874, p. 306 (Bulama 
Islands) : Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p, 726 (syn. emend.) (1877); Cab. 
J. f. 0.1878, p. 242 (Mombas) j ? Eartert, J. f. 0. 1886, p. 604 
(Niger). 
Turtur vinacens, part., G. P. Gr. LM GaUims B. M. p. 12 (1844); 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 5 (1844); Rchnb. Syn. Ac. ff. 1364, 1307 
X (nee f. 1368) (1847); G. P. Gr. List B. Brit Mm. Columbse, 

p. 43 (part. ?) (1856); Layard (nee Gm.% B. 8. Afr. p. 259 
(1867). 
Turtur 
semitorquatus, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 10 (1844); 
Pupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 100 (1845); PcMb. Syn. AD. f. 1371 (1847^; 
Strickl. Ann. $ Mag. N. E. xix. p. 182 (note) (1847); ? Allen'§ 

* According to Sehlegel the bird from the Gold Coast is smaller and specifically 
different from T. levaillanti (= semitor^ptatm, Eiipp.). 
5. TUETFE* 
417 
Thorns. Esp. Xiger, II. p. 41 {1S4S) (Bellas Is.); Gordon. Contr. 
Or a. 1S4U, p. 12 (Cape Coast Cattle): *rHeuqL X f. 0. lsul, 

p. 1G7 (Ti<*ieh): :-£*>*, Ii* , lfe64, p. &J0 (Zambesi!; 17/^ , 
J", f. 0. IbtiO, p. 338 : Bz?^ 4" -H*/*/. J"%. 0^7>. p. Ml 
(WO I; PW/< LV Jes>e. Tr. Z?J, Sor. Tii. p, 327 (WO); 1^/wf. 
CTW/,V 2W. ^I/^ . p.' 410 (1-70): Marpe, 1M% 1870. p. 4^6 
(Ynlta lifter, Fai*tew: MwfL Ora. XXl-Afr. i. 2. p. *30 i Wlj, 
ii. p. clxix fW5); 10htat. J.f. 0, 1572, p.*213 {Accrat; Ntarpe, 
B.Z.8. Wo , p. 715 (Mumba-): I?r/<aar. j;/ . 0. Ib74, p. 3 ^ 
(Cameioons); Borage, /./. O, Wn, p. 314; Bchw.J.f. 0.1^77, 
p. 13 (Loangro Coa^tj: Hnrtl. Tog. Madag. p. 271 (de-er. ntc 
haL.] I W7j r Fi*fhn% J. f. O. W7. p. m20*\ Bor. Jura. Ar. Li<h. 
TL p. 2U7 (Wttj; PiV//. jf lOhfiw. J, f, O. WS, pp. 250, 592 
(Zanzibar); FMitr, J.f. 0. 1*7!*, pp. o'UO,tfW (E. Aih); •£«?*//*. 
On/. ^Iwf/. p. 3*3 (1^1): Hnrtl. Am, nat. Ver. Brem. TO. p. 117 
(1^1) (Larlo); kktlL IbU. lb^2, p. 359 {ITnrmli HheT); Bohm, 
J.f. 0.18*2. p. Kh (Centr. Afr.) ; *V. 0/W. Ctnfmlhl 1882, pp. 51, 
6«: t- &//>•. G/'. #. &/-MW. f W/. p. 54i* (1^2 > (Cape, S. Africa); 
!£//*<&# Pfc. /Af'fr: Orn, Smhfr. p. 17*3 (1*M>); 6M/. I&A, 1*83, 
p. 303; •* JFW// *,, I//i>* 1 HV%J? pp. 513, 515 (Xiirtr) j Skarpe, LoganVs 
B. S. Afr. p. 5W U8^4): Fisher, Znhch\ ge$. Orn. I8M,p.376 
(Ma-aailamt): &z/iw/. -dnw. 3///*. Cir. Gen. (2) L p. 2G« ClbS4); 
JWi. /. f. O. 1 vv5, p. 1 is {E. Afr.); Itehnw. J. f. 0.18*7, p. 51; 
tiftraiL Ann. Mm. Cir. Gftt. (2j \L p. -103 (]*Sb); &M. P.Z.S. 
18N \ p. 4,7 (Equat. Afr.); «/. JT/>W,fe^H p. 803 (Mandu I-*.); id. 
P. Z, *V. INI , p. :J6f* (Kiliwanjani): 7'm/r. Cat (JoiL B. }i. 3b 
(ls»fO (FantH'i: /iff/w«r. /,/. a Iw*Jt p. 260 (E. Africa), lb90, 
p. 109 (Cameroon); Emin^ J, f. O. 1«91, p. fth (U^rogo) ; Itchnw. 
t (. p. 143 ; HarUrt, Fat. Vw/eimmml. p. lfcB (1891) (Abyssinia) ; 
^/^ir. J.f.O. lbtt'2, p. 12 (IJukoba); i2«swfe//, i&>, 1802, p. 227 
(Gambia); S'keil Ibis^ 18113, p. 28 (Zomba); Mehnw.Jahrk llamb. 
Wkmnmh. Anst s. p. 9 (ld93). 
Streptopelia ervthropbrvs, Bp. Gmsp. Am ii. p. 63 (1854) j «f. Cmnpt. 
Bend. ad. pp. 17,21?), n. 18*J (1855); ttf. Coup ^ml Ordre Pig. 
pp. 31, 57, B. 185 (1855); MeMh Tauten, I p. 73, ii. pp. 175, 
197, B. 169, t. 247, f. 13IW (ex Sw.)f t. 248. f. 1371 (AC JBife>.) 
(1862); Sousa, Mm. Kae, IJsk Columbas, p. 17 (1873); ? Hem. 
fy Behnw. Nomend. Mm, Hem. Dm. p. 277 (1890) (Port Natal). 

Peristera Remitorquata, C. L. Brehm, Vogdf. p. 2%8 (1855). 
Columbalevailianti, A. Smith, MS. in Mm.Brii.; Bp, Cbmpi. Bend, 

xl p. 18 (1855); id. Coup d'atil Ordre Pig. p. 31 (1855), 
Coliimba gumri, Franks MS., unde 
Streptopelia prumri, Beknh. Taulten, L p. 73? t. 247. fF. 1364, 1367 

(1862), ii. p. 197, B. 170 (1802). 

Streptopelia 
semitorquata, G» JR. Or. HandrlM, ii. p. 238, n. 9325 
(lb70); Gurn. in Anders*. B. Dam. Land1 p. 234 (1872); Aniin. 
fy Sahwl Viam. Boff08, p. 131 (1873); Boc. Jorn. Acad, Lisb. v. 

p. 56 (1874), v i p. 156 (1877), p. 278 (1878). 
Turtur levaillanti, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Cokmb»? p. 121 (1873). 
? Turtur capicola, Skarpe ^ Bmi\ (nee Sundew.) Bull Soc. Zool. Fr. L 
p. 312 (Landaua) (1876). 
Adult male. Crown grey, lighter on the forehead, and tinted 
with rufous buff in front and on the sides; remainder of the head, 
neck, and chest deep Tinous pink, paler on the chin and throat; 
no black feathers in front of the 6}*es : on the hind neck a broad 
black collar, partially edged aboTe and below with grey ; back, inner 
vox. xxi. 2 B 

418 
PEKISTERTDJB. 

half of the upper wing-coverts, inner secondaries, and two central 
tail-feathers brown with an olive gloss, and passing into deep 
bluish slate-colour on the outer wing-coverts; rump washed with 
slaty grey; bastard wing and primary-coverts brownish black; 
primaries blackish brown, with partial narrow light edges; onter 
secondaries dark grey; lateral tail-feathers brown-grey, bluish 
towards the tips and with a blackish band abont the middle; under 
surface of the tail black at the base, light grey at the apical part; 
the vinous chest passes into leaden grey on the sides, abdomen, 
thighs, and under tail-coverts, the latter slightly paler at their 
edges; under wing-coverts deep slate-colour : eyelids red; " irides 
orange-red; bill black; feet red r (Ragazzi)* Total length 12*4 
inches, wing 7*4, tail 5-5, bill 0*7, tarsus 0*95. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Hah. The whole African continent, from about 14° ST. lat. 

southwards. 

a. 
S ad. sk. Ain on Lebka R., Samhar, TV. T. Blanford, Esq. 
Abyssinia. rfl ~ 
b. 
c? ad- sk. AnkoW, Abyssinia, Jan. India Museum [P.]. 
(Harris). 
c. 
Ad. sk. Mombas. Sharpe Coll. 
Lake Bombo, llonibas, July Shelley Coll. 
d. 
<$ ad. ah (Sildebrandt), 
Kilimanjaro, Aug. II. C. V. Hunter, 
e. 
<$ ad. sk. Esq. [PA 
ilan&a Is. F. J. Jackson, Esq. 
f. <? ad. sk. 
[p-]


Zomba, Nyassaland, Aug. (A. H. H. Johnston, Esq. 

g-m. <$ $ ad. sk. 

Whyte). 
[P.]. 

n. Ad. sk. 
Dar-es-Salaam (Kirk). Shelley Coll. 

o. Ad. sk. 
Transvaal ? 
Gurney Coll. 

p. 5 ad. sk. 
Grahamstown (M L. Zayard)* Shelley Coll. 

q, r. Ad. sk, 

S. Africa. 
Sir A. Smith [0.] 
(Types of C. leva&anti, Smith, MS.) 
s. Ad. sk. 
Accra (Buckley). Shelley Coll 
t. Juv. sk. 
Accra, May (J. Smith), Shelley Coll. 
u. Ad. sk, 
Accra. Sharpe Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. 
Elminia, April (Blwsett). Shelley Coll. 
w. Ad. sk, 
Ashanti. Gould Coll. 
x. (S ad. sk. 
Coast of Guinea, Aug. Tweeddale Coll. 
y. Ad. sk. 
Gambia. Kendall's Coll. 
z. J ad. sk. Tingasi, July. Emin Pasha [P.]. 
a'. Ad. sk. ? Gaboon (JDu ChaUlu), Shelley Coll 
V. 
Ad. sk. Benguela. J. Monteiro, Esq. 
[C.]. 
c\ d\ Ad. sk. Ancobra R. Captains Burton & 
Cameron [P.], 
e\ 
<$ ad. sk. Rio Dande, Loando, June Sharpe Coll. 
(Bala). 


f. 
Pull sk. Bred in confinement, Aug. E.W.H.Blagg.Esq. 
[P.]. 
gf. Skeleton, 
Gaboon (Verreatix). Eyton Coll. 

5. nrcBTOR. 419 
12. Turtur shelleyi. 
9 Turtur erythrophrys, Antin. (me $w.) Cat. Bescr, Uce. p. 88 (1884) 
< „ "^{Crencfe, 9° lat."X., specimen exanained). 
Turtur senutorguata, Salvad. Aiti JR. Ac. 8c. Tor. v. p. 745 (1870). 
s Jurtur semitorajiatus, var., SMI. Mis, 1833, pp. 305, 306 (Xiger, 
x Baikie). 

Adult* Similar to T. semitor^vatus. Anterior part of the upper 
head grey, this colour surrounds the eyes and extends on the 
upper part of the cheeks; chin and throat greyish white; occiput, 
neck, and breast vinous pink; no black feathers in front of the 
eyes; on the hind neck a broad Hack collar, partially edged above 
with grey; back, middle of the rump, upper tail-coverts, and 
inner upper wing-coverts brown ; sides of the rump and outermost 
wing-coverts lead-grey ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts black; 
quills black, with partial narrow light edges; under wing-coverts 
and flanks lead-grey ; lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts 
lead-grey, the latter with dLtinet whitish edges ; two central tail-
feathers brown, the lateral ones blackish on the basal half, light 
brown with white tips on the apical half; tail below Hack at the 
base and greyish white at the apical half, with the tip whiter: bill 
black; feet red; iris brown. Total length about 12 inches, wing 

6*67 tail 5, bill 0*7, tarsus (ML 
Sab. Upper White Nile and Niger. 
a. 6 ad. sk Niger (Baikk). Sbeley Coll. 
(Type of species.) 

13. Turtur aanMgum 
Turtur semitorquatus, Sxrh (nee Miipj}.}, Ibk, 1864, p. 330 (Zambesi). 
Turtur erytlirophrys, B&e. (me Sw.) Jorn. Acad. Sc. Lid*, n. ii. 1867, 

p. 152 (Angola). 
Turtur sp. ?, Boa, Jorn. Acad. Sc. Lish. n. xiL 1872, p. 67 (IL 
Coroca); id. J.f. 0.1876; p. 314. 
Turtur ambiguus, Bee. Orn. Aug. p. 386 (1877); Jfcchnw. 8? Schal. 
J /. 0. 1882, p. 117; JRchnw. J.f 0. 1892, p. 13 (Bukome, 
Victoria Nyanza). 

Turtur decipiens, part,, Shell. 1U$$ 1883, p. 306; Skarpe (nee F. <§* 
JE), Layartit B. 8. Aft. p. 567 (1884); Tristr. Cat CoU. B. 

p. 38 (1889) (Sobai, Central Africa). 
Somewhat similar to 21 semiiorquaim^ from which it differs as 
follows :-t-Forebead, crown, and cheeks pearl-grey, fading into 
white onlthe chin and centre of the upper throat, and passing into 
vinous Jink on the back of the head and posterior portions of the 
cheeksjf neck and chest vinous pink, paler than in T. semitorqmtm, 
the bmck collar partially edged above with grey; the upper parte 
are s«mewhat paler, the grey on the marginal upper wing-coverts 
paleagrey; the outer secondaries and sides of the rump washed with 
grey; central tail-feathers brown like the back; remainder of the 

2M2 

420 
PEBISTEBIIUB. 

tail slaty grey for more than the basal half, the apical portion being 
grey, fading into white towards the ends of the feathers, the outer 
one on each side having a very narrow white edge; the vinous of 
the breast shades into leaden grey on the flanks and thigh-coverts, 
and into white on the centre of the abdomen and vent; under tail-
coverts pearl-grey, broadly edged with white ; under wing-coverts 
leaden grey; under surface of the quills dark brown, with very 
narrow whitish edges to their inner webs: "bill black; feet red: 
iris brown'*' (AncMeta). Total length about 12 inches, wing CrS3 
tail 4-9, bill 0*75, tarsus 0*95. 

Bah. Zambesi, Eenguela, and Sobat Paver, at about if X lat 

It is quite possible that a good series of specimens will show that 
T, ambigmts, Boa, is not different from true I. iaijncm, the 
former being only somewhat smaller and more grey on the sides of 
the head or cheeks; but I find that in two specimens from Sobat 
(Emm Pasha), one mentioned below and the other in the Tristram 
Collection, the amount of grey on the cheeks is rather variable, 
and although the difference in size seems constant, I do not think it 
is sufficient to indicate specific difference. 

a. $ ad. sk. Sobat, 9° X. lat., June {Emm Shelhr Coll. 
h, c. Ad. sk.
Pasha), 
Tette. Livinprstone Exped. 

14. Turtur decipieug. 
Columba risoria, paii.? Wagl. Syst. Ai\ Columba, sp. 93 (excl. var.) 
(1827). 
Columba collaris, JSemjpr. Mm. Berol* fide Bp. Cmnpt. Mend, xllli 

p. 942 (1856). 
Turtur risorius, Hartl. (nee cmct.) Syst Vers. p. 99 (1844) {fide 
Finsck in lift.); Brehm (nee Linn^Beis. JEfabeach, p. 379 (1863). 
Turtur senegalen&is, Heugl. (nee Linn.) 8yd. Uebers. p. 50 (1856). 
Turtur vinaceus (part.), Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 195 (1857). 
Streptopelia errthrophrye, part., Bclmb. Taitbeu, i. p. 73 (1862). 
Turtur decipiens, Einsch # Marti Tog. Odafr. p. 544 (1870) ; 

Heugl Orn. N.O.-Afr. I 2, p. 633 (1871), i l 2, p. cbrix (1875); 

Shell. IMs, 1883, p. 306 (part.); f Leterk. J. f. O. 1869, p. 130 

(albino !); Bchnw. J.f.O. 1892, p. 13 (Dongola). 

Streptopelia risoria, part, 
G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 238, n. 9328 
(1870). 
Turtur semitorquatus, Wilrtt. (nee Biipp.) Coll Mergenih, fide 
Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. % p. clxix (1875). 
? Turtur neglectus, part., ScMeg. Mm. P.-B. Columbae, p. 122 
(1873) (N.E. Africa); Gieh. Thes. Orn. iii.p. 727 (1877). 
Turtur collaris, H. $ E. in Mus. Dress.? fide Shelley, Ibis7 1883? 

Adult. Upper parts pale earthy brown, more or less rufescent; 
anterior part of the head above ashy, changing into vinous on the 
hind part and on the nape; sides of the head, neck, and breast 
vinous; a slight greyish tinge on the anterior part of the cheeks; 
chin and middle of the throat whitish; no black feathers in front 

5. TrSTUE. 421 
of the eyes; on tlie Had neck a broad black collar, partially edged 
above with grey : back, middle of the rump, and upper tail-coverts 
earthy brown; sides of the rump and outer, or marginal, upper wing-
coverts lead-grey; bastard-wing and primary-coverts brown-black, 
with partial narrow light edges; under wing-coverts and lanks 
lead-grey ; middle of the abdomen whitish; under tail-coverts pale 
grey, with the tips whitish; two central tail-feathers earthy brown 
like the back, the lateral one* grey on the basal naif, light brown 
with white tips on the apical half"; tail below black at the base* 
greyish whitish at the apical half, with the tip whiter. Total 
length about l"2 inches, wing 7, tail 5*2, bill 0*7a? tarsus 0*1. 


Hah. Dongola. 

*i. tf ad. sk. Argo L, Donprola, April (Hempriek Dresser Coll. 
£• Eh'tnberg), 
I One of the types of Culumba collaris, Hempr.) * 

L5. Turtur bitorquatus. 

Columba bit irquata, 21MM. 4* Knip, Pig. i. fam. aeconde, p. SB, 
pi. 10 (lr>lb-l 1JI India, Mawfp); Temnl P///. et GaUin. i. pp. 301, 
477 (1813) IS. A4a); Vid'lL X I), xxu.p.349 (lalBJj Steph. 
Gen. YJML XL |L 7^1 {IMi*J; Ilonf. Tram. Linn. Sue. xiii. p. 188 
(1M>1) (Java); Vhill. EM. MetL I. p. iW2 (Ifctfi); Dam. Diet 
tie. Xat. xL ji. *)4i (!*-*>); IVayl. Ni/sL Ar. U^lumbue, sp. 04 
(1^27); Lt**. Tr.JOm. p. 473*(part.) (Ift31) {Sumatra!); id. 
Compl. ie Buff., Oh. viii, p. 53 (1837); id. op. cit 2nd ed. p. 283 
(1838). 

Peiistera bitorquata, Bmef Im, 183$, p. 327. 

Tartar biturquatus, G. It Gr. List Gallitus Brit. Mus. p. 12(1844); 
id Gen. B. IL p. 475, 2. I) (1844); Melmh Sm. Au. ff. 1373-74 
(1847); Blyth, Oat B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 230, n. 1431 (1849) 
(Timor); id. J. A. S. B. xxh. p. 261 (1855); G. M. Or. IM 

B. Brit Mm. Columbae, p. 44 (part. ?) (1856); id. R Z. S. 
I860, p. 301 (Molucca!); Wall. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 480 (Lombock, 
Bloies, Timor); Schley. Be Bierent p. 206 (1864); Wall Ibisf 
1365, pp. 391, 31)9; id. J.f.O. I860, p. 283; Schley. Mm. P.~B. 
* I am not acquainted with the following species:— 
TlTSTCE FEBSFICILLATUS. 

Tartar albiventris, Bohm (nee Gr.)t J. f. 0.1882, p. 198. 
Tartar capicola, part., Sekd. Jf O.1883, p. 342 (Konko). 
Tartar perepieiilata, Fimk $ Rohnw. J.f O. 1884, p. 179 (Bfassailand); 


Fischer, Zeitsckr. get. Orn. 1884, p. 377; id. J.f.O. 1885, p. lid; 
mkm. J.f. 0.1887, pp. 41, 51,1892, p. 14. 

Very much like 21 decipimsf F. & 3£» bat it differs in having the ander 
tail-coverts, vent, andflanks pur© white, and & ?ery broad coral-red naked ring 
round the eyes; iris brownish yellow; bill black; feet vinous reddish. Total 
length 10-41-11 inches, wing 0-09-6*48, tail 4-52-4-91, crimen 0*70, tarsus G'90. 

(TramMion.) 
Bab. Massailand, interior of E. Africa. 
Ohs. Br. Beichenow notices that a specimen from Ugogo (Bohm) has the 

middle of the under tail-feathers washed with grey. 

42 2 PBEISTEBID^. 

Columbse, p. 121 (1873) (Sunibawa): Gieb. The*. Orn. ill. p. 725 
(1877): Nichols. Ibis, 1832, p. 66 (Java): Sah\ Cat. B. Striehl. Coll 

p. 546 (1882); Sclaf. list Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 454 (1883); 
Vorderm. K T. N. L xliv. p. 227 (1S34). xlv. p. 403(1565; -
Trisfr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 38 (1889) (Malacca!, Java;: Sartert, Eat. 
Vogelsamml p. 188 (1891). 
Streptopelia Htorquata, Bp. Consp. Ai\ ii. p. 05 (1554;; id. Compt 
Bend. xl. pp. lb, 219, n. 190 (18-55); K?. Coz//> r7W/ Otfre Pig. 
pp. 31, 57, n. 190 (1855); Behih. Tauben. i. p. 75. t. 24S. ft 137374 
(1862); iVs. Novum Bet's., Vdg. p. 109 fl^ioj; G. R. Gr. 
Band-list, ii. p. 239, n. 9330 Q870) (Borneo!): Soma, 3Ius. 
Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 17 (1873); Salvor?. Cat. Vcc. Borneo, 

p. 297 (1874); id. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 153 (lfc82j; Guillem. 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 510 (Siimhawa); Turderni. X. T. X. L xlvi 
p. 230 (1886), xlix. p. 413 (1889): Beia. # Bchaic. Xomencl 
Mm. Bern. Orn. p. 277 (1891). 
Adult Male. Pileum grey, lighter in front; chin -whitish; sides 

of the head, neck, and breast rich vinous, fading into white on the 

lower abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts: on the hind neck 

a broad black collar, edged above with white; back, rump, upper 

tail-coverts, scapulars, inner wing-coverts, tertiaN, and central tail-

feathers earthy brown; outer wing-coverts, under wing-coverts, and 

flanks lead-grey; winglet, primary-coverts, and quilL brown-black; 

lateral tail-feathers bluish grey, darker towards the ba.^e, the outer 

feathers have the whole ot the outer web bluKh grey; tail below 

white-grey on the apical half, black on the basal: "bill black, 

base at gape red; orbits red; iris yellow (orange-yellow, Gville


onard); feet pinky red (coral-red, Guilleman?),? (Wallact). Total 

length IB inches, wing 6*3, tail 5*2, bill 0-G, tarsus 1*L 

Female. Like the male. 

Bab. Java, Lombock, Sumbawa, Mores, Solor, and Timor. 

Both the localities Sumatra and Malacca (Tristram) require confirmation 
; the first is mentioned by Lesson and by Wallace (Ibisr 

1865, p. 399), who most likely did so by mistake, instead of Elores^ 

which was omitted by Mm. 

Mores birds have the under tail-coverts with a slight grey washy 
instead of being pure white, and the vinous colour of the lower parts-
covers a greater part of the abdomen. 

a. Ad. st Indian Archipelago. Baron Laugier's Coll. 
Java (Borsfield). India Museum [P.], 
b. Juv. sk. 
Java [Leyden Museum"]* Salvin-Godman OolL 

c1 d. S $ a& s^» 

Java. Tweeddale Coll. 

eff,g. Ad.sk. 

h. Ad. sk. W. Java (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
«", h91 Ad. sk. 
Flores. Wallace Coll. 

m. Ad. sk. Mores (Wallace). Seebohm Coll. 
n. Ad. sk. Flores (Wallace). Salvin-Godiitan ColL 
°>P,<I* 6 2ad.sk. Lombock. Wallace Coil. 
V. S ad. sk. Lombock (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
s. Ad.sk Solor. Wallace ColL 
t. $ ad. sk. E. Timor. Wallace Coll. 
n. $ ad. sk. E. Timor (Wallace). Gould ColL 
vf w. Skeletons. Purchased. 
5 . TUBTTXR. 
423 
16. Turtur dussumieri. 
Coluniba 
dussumieri? Temm. PL CU. 188 (livr. 82, 1823) (Manilla); 
Stepk. Gen. Zoo!, sir. p. '28Z (1826): Besm. Diet. Sc. Xaf. xl. 

p. 348 (1526): Wagl. Sy*t. Ai\ Coluniba, sp. 99 (1827) (Luzon 
et ins. Mariani*); Le&*% Tr. cFOr/i. p. 478 (1831): id. Oompl. 
de Buff., Oh. vlii. p. 54 (1837); id. op. cit 2nd ed. p. 233 (1808); 
Prer. & Ktrfp. Pig. ii pi. 20 (1^^43). 
Colomhe'dussumier, Qwsj A* Gai//i. Voy. Umn., Zool. i. p. 35 (1524) 

(Ilea Mariannes}. 
Peii-tera dussumieri, Boie, Im, 152^, p. 327. 
Turtur dn—umierL G. IL Gr. Gut. B. ii. p. -172, n. 12 (1844); 

Rchnb. Syn. Ac. f. IStfO (1^47): G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. 
Cuknike, p. 45 tl85U); Relink Taubrn, I p. 71, t. 246. f. 1300 
(1802); Wall. If»X 1^*5, p. 3U2: id. J. f. O. Id30, p. 2S3; G. R. 
Gr. Kand-fct, ii. p. 230, n. 0331 (1»70); Sckleg. Mw. P.-B. 
CulumKe. p. 120 (1^73 j ^ Wa7d. Tmm. Zuol. iSV.ix.pp. 218, 251 
(18751; Sharps Trcui*. Linn. >%r (2f 7JUL I. pp. 347 (Panav), 353 
(1870i; Git k Thn. Orn. ill p. 720(1877/; Tirpedd. P. Z. & 1877, 
pp. 700, 705, *>.)$ (Mindanaoi, 1^7N p. 2^8 (Negro*), p. 344 
{L^Ttt-j. p. 711 (Buholj, p. 1*52 tfc.W. Mindanao); "Tmeedd. Orn. 

Work*, pp. Jtei', :>:$, 4i!>? r^ , .;>, 550, ,7.4, 600, 023, 628, 
tj43UKHU" Xrwvtt AV//«v Tint rid. Orn. Work% p. 659(1^1); 
Sharp*, P. Z. »V. Is**!, p. 7051 (Sandakan, Borneo); Guiltem. 

P. Z. tf. l^o, p. 272 f^ulii, »Sia-il; /i/^s. 27A, IS**, p, ;J74 
(Palawan); 1//. O/vw, I^^p.3 1 7 (Palawan); Everett, Jonm. titr. 
Br. II. As. S,rt\ l^f. Iil3; 'Prints. Cut Coll. II p. 3* (1^9); 
Wkibh.Ibi^ 1*!J0, p. 50; *SYw»,X^f, p.24 (Mindanao, Guimaras, 
Nejjrro-, Paimy, (Mm, Siquijor, Bojol, Masbate, Marinduque, 
Mindoro. Luzon) (1M)0); Martet%' Kat. Vogelmmml. p. 188 
(1801); id. J. f. O. 1X91, p. SO); J%te. .&w i%*. p. 54 
(1801). 

Streptopelia 
&u«unnVri, Bp. Gm*p, Ac. ii. p. 05 (1854) (Malesia, 
Ja^a! Sumatra! Borneo!); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 18, 219, 

n. 101 (l*5o); ?V. CW;> /i>i7 C//y?r. P/?. pp. 31, 57, n. 191 (1555); 
G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 209, n. 9331 (18/0); #«««, JSfw*. 2V%£. 
Zisb. Oolumbjip, p. 17 (1873). 
Streptopelia gatmardi, J?y>. Gm*p. At, ii. p. 66 (1854) (ex Ins. 
Marianni*, Quoy 4* Gaimanh 1821) (type examined); adf.' Compt 
Bend. xl. pp. l \ 219, n. U>2 (1855); Vd Cbz^ ^a>// OrA-« P^V;. 
pp. 31, 57, n. 102 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, I p. 76 (1862); G. B. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 239,11. 9333 (1870). 

Turtur (Streptopelia) gaimardi, G. B. Gr. List B. Trop. Isl p. 43 

(1859). 
Turtur (Streptopelia) dussumieri, v. Mart J.f.O. I860, p. 24. 
Turtur gaimardi, TFcdd. Tmm, Zool. Soe. ix. p. 219 (1875); Tweedd. 

Om. Works, p. 219 (1881). 

Adtdi male. Head pale greyish, with a slight vinous tinge on the 
hind part and also on the nape; forehead paler: chin and throat 
white, changing into vinous on the lower part and breast; the 
vinous of the breast changing into white on the middle of the 
abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts; on the nape a black collar 
with a mealy appearance, the edges of the feathers darker; lower 
hind neck with a rusty tinge; back, middle of the rump, upper tail-
coverts, scapulars, inner secondaries, and inner upper wing-coverts 

P33BISTEBIB22. 

pale earthy brown; sides of the ramp, anterior ^ring-coverts, and 

under wing-coverts lead-grey; quills blackish, with a greyish tinge, 

especially on the outer secondaries; central tail-feathers pale earthy 

brown like the back, the next two pairs also pale earthy brown, 

but more or less grey along the middle, the fourth and fifth pairs 

dark grey, with a brown tinge towards the tip of the outer web ; the 

outer tail-feathers almost black, with the terminal portion grey, 

edged with whitish, and with the outer web white tinje 1 with grey: 

"iris ochreous orange; bill greyish black; feet dull crimson" 

(Everett). Total length about 12 inches, wing 0*2. tail o% bill 

0-65, tarsus 0*93. 
Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat smaller. 
Hah. X.E. Borneo, Philippines, Sulu Island*, and Marianne or 
Ladrones Islands (where most likely it has been introduced). 

a. Ad. sk. 
b, c. 6 ? ad. sk. 
d,e,f. (5$ad.et 
cjjuv. sk. 
g. $ juv. sk. 
Philippine Island<. 
Luzon, Jan. { A. B. Mnjer I 
Monte Alban, Feb., March 
(A. II.Ererdf). 
Monte Alban, Feb. (A. II 
Everett). 
Cum in.* Coll. 
Twewddale Coll. 
Twt ddal- ColL 
ihia-0 dman Coll. 
h. <$ ad. sk. XeinTH, March (A. B, Tw« id*- Cull. 
Mtyer). 
/. 5 ad. sk. Valencia, Aug.
Everett). 
(A. II. Twt Cull. 
k. S ad. sk. Dumaguete, Aug. {A. II Twf nlddk Coll. 
Everett). 
I, m. <$ $ ad. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
o, § ad. sk. 
Ceba, April (A.R.Erertt). 
Cebu, April (A.IIEirfeii). 
X. Bohol, Xov. (A. II 
Everett l. 
Twettddal*' Coll. 
Hah in-f J ^iliiian Coll. 
Tweeddale Cull. 
p. § ad. sk. S. Leyle, JulvEverett). 
(A. II Tweeddale Coll. 
q. <$ ad. sk. Amparo, S. Levte,
(A. H. Everett). 
Julv Tweeddale Coll. 
r. J ad. sk. Surigao, Mindanao, May Tweeddale Coll. 
(A. H. Everett). 
*. § ad. sk. Butuan, Mindanao, May Tweeddale Coll. 
(A. H. Everett). 

17. Tuxtur capicola. 
Tourterelle a collier du Cap, LevailL Ois. dJAfr. yi. p. 79 (1808). 
Columba risoria, Tar., Zzckt. Verz. Bouhl p. 87 (1828) (Terr. Caffr.}. 
Columba kumilis $, Tem?n. PL Col 258 (lm. 24,1854). 
Columba risoria, var. a, WagL Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 93 (1827) (ex 


Air. merid.). 
Turtur risorius, part., Selby? Nat. Libr.9 Pigeons, p. 171 (1835) 

(S. AMca) j G. P. Gr. List GOUUUB B. M. p. 12, specim. e (1844) 
(S.Afr.). 
Turtur vinaeeus, Strickl. Ann. $ Mag. K S. xiii. p. 39 (1844) (?), 

xix. p. 182 (1847) (S. Africa) ; Blyth (me GmX Cat B. Mm. A. 
8. B. p. 235, n. 1429 (1849) (S. Africa); ?id. J. A. S. B, xxiv. 
p. 261 (1855) (S. Africa); ? Sah. Cat. B. Btrichl Coil. p. 546 
5. nrp.TiJB. 425 
Streptopelia semitorquata, pari, Bp. Consj). Av. li. p. 64 (1854) 

(Cape of Guod Hope I. 
Culumba TiBactia; var. eapieola, Simcke. Krit.omLevaill. p. 54(1857). 
Coliimba vioaeea. Grill uw Gm.\. Zoul. Anteckn. p. 51 (1^59J. 
Turtur semit< *rquatua% Gvra. low, WiO, p. 214 fXatal); Y Sclat. Ibis, 

1&04, pp. 2U7, 3U»)'i Juuinitu or Anjuan): ? Scht. P. Z. 6'. 1864, 

p. 118 (Kazeli and GontLkurul, p. 457 (Madagascar), 1 Sf 10. p. 23 
(Wmdvru fibers, S. Allied,; LA yard. B. S. Afr. p. 260 (1*67); 
*VcA%. % POL'IIHH. FfKft. Madag. p. lloUsUS} |Mayottej; J?. 
X. Lmjanh /to , I^J'.J. p. »>74 i»8. Africa): /?>//•/<(. /to , 1*?73, p. 250 
(Xattilj : *aty . JiV^" P.-X\ CVlumba*, p. 124 I part.) "l 1S78) 
(Cape!; So*/*", Mv>. Xor. Li*b. CVlua:b&, p. 17 (1673); Barratf, 
/to, l^J, p. 2< b { Ti j^\a*il mA Fret ^ttilt^i; HariL Tog. Madag. 
p. 2711part.) {1*77 j: r hdat. Lht Vert. An, 8th ed. p. 453 (lfc&3) 
{Zanzibar). 
Turtur albi\eLtri-, G. It Gr. List B. Brit. Mas. Culunibse, p. 44 
(part) (l*5ty |S. Afr. i; Ptb. Xoeartr lithe, Jog. p. 108 (1805) j 
(Capnj; 6MI. ito, W5 , pp. GO, NJ (Cape); Holub fy Feb. Beiir. 
Qrn. tit/dffr. p. 172 il^2|. 

Culumba bicincta, A. Xtntth, MS^Jide G.It Gr, List B. Brif. 3fus. 
Columbia, p. 44 (1*511). 
Turtur biturquatu-, pan., G. 11. Gr. Litf B. Brit. Mvs. Colurnbae, 

p. 44, *«pK'im. //, r \ 1H5<1). 
Turtur d4aiaiidii urmre'th Mkt.P.Z.& 1MJ2, p. 12 (E. Africa, 
1* Stjw-j>t«ip**lia -wmtnrqu.it K llrhtth. Taubm, n. p. 15*7", t 217. f. 1809 
(1H;2);W IL ia. b IMnir. Xomtad. Mv-. Ilein. Ora. p. 277 (1890) 
(Port Natal and < *itp^l. 

Tartar capieola, 1*7/2 ^/i Or HftrtL VIUJ. Oat afr. p. 548 (1«*70); 
Heugl Orn. XM.-Afr. I 2, pp. N>5, KJ8 {1«7Ij; Gum. Ito,1873, 

p. 25*J; 4r »*#///. P. Z. »V. ls7it, p. (57^ {Great Comoro); tfharpe in 
Oateh1 Matabtle-Law?, p. ^tl (1*M); ///. /to\ 1862, p. 359 (S.E. 
Africa); Mini. J. f. O. l^,p.34:> (part.)'; Buil.} FeiM., ^ Beid} 
Zuoloff. lho3, p. :>> rStttal): 67«-%, /to, 18*3, p. 313 (part); 
Sharpe, LmgareTs B. M. Afr. p. 5f>7 (LH^4j; Fischer. J. f. O. 1885, 
p. 118 (E. Air.lt; /&7/<»T, Jly; O. 188%, p. 53; XVtar. /. f. Ol 
1887, p. 51 ; Mini. t. e. p. 2^; TriUr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 38 (1889). 
Streptopelia albiventris, part., G. IL Gr, Hand-list. IL p. 239, n. 9326 
(1870). 
Streptopelia capicola, G. li. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 239, n. 9334 (1870); 
At/res, Ibis, lbs 0, p. 109 ^Transvaal). 
f Turtur damarwisib, Cab. (nee Finsch $ HariL) J.f O. 1878,p. 242 
(Zanzibar). 
? Turtur capicola, var. C, Tmtr. Cat. Coll B. p. 38 (1889) (Paogam 
River, Kirk). 
Turtur capicohis, Hartert, Eat. Vogekamml p. 188 (1891), 


Adult male. Pileum leaden grey, lighter on the forehead, and 
shading into vinous grey on the sides of the head, neck, and chest; 
anterior part of the cheeks and throat grey; a black line on the 
lores, not always well defined; on the hind neck a broad black collar, 
partially edged above and below with grey; back, inner npper wing-
coverts, innermost secondaries, and scapulars grey-brown, passing 

, * Quid Turtur ntpicola, Schal. X f. O. 1883, p. 342 (Zanzibar ! Bohm) ? 
t Quid 21 aZbiventrn, Fisck J, £ O. 1885, p. 119 (E, Africa) ? 

426 
PERISTEKIDJE. 

into leaden grey on outer upper wing-eoverts; lovrer back and rump 
grey-brown along the middle, leaden grey on the sides; upper tail-
coverts grey»bro"wn; middle of the abdomen bnify white; under tail-
coverts white; primary-coverts and quills blackish, with pale narrow 
edges; under wing-coverts leaden grey; central tall-feathers brown-
grey, the lateral ones black on the basal hull; the terminal half is 
white on the outer feathers, grey on the inner one-; tall underneath 
black on the basal half, white on the terminal one. the outer feathers 
have the outer web white; c*iris hi own : bill hlark: legs pinkish 
red." Total length 10*5 inches, wing (5, tail 4*0. bill < N5O, tarsus U*S5. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Yoimg. Duller and with pale edges to the feathers or the upper 

parts. 
Sab. Cape Colony, extending into Xatil and Southern Transvaal, 
I suspect that there is some mistake a^ regi.nL the locality 

" Bogos5J assigned to three of the specimens mentioned bflow. as 
nobody else has found T. vaplcola in X.E, Africa, and, bcoideb, between 
that part of the country and S. Africa lays the region 
inhabited by 2\ da mat** azK 

a, h. Imm. st. et S. Africa. »Sir A, Smith"* Coll. 
pull, sk (Typt- of Cohttuhn hi hut»* Mnlt\, in lint MIK) 

c. Juv. sk. S. Africa. HardwicL** H^qui^t. 
cl Ad. &k. 8. Africa. Cap?. Fit/r »v P.. 
e,f. Ad. -k. ft Africa. J. It vh\ l>q. P.j, 
ff, k. Ad. sk. Cape (R A. Bvtlt r). Shelby < \ill. 
i. h. Ad. sk. Cape Town, Jan , l<Vb, Sli*41eV C\ 11. 
(G.F.S.). 
L (S pull. sk. Knysna. Piirelia-ed. 
m, tf ad. sk. Mcisell Bay. April (F. W. and_C G. Gates, 

Gates). " Esqr*. ~l*.\ 
n, c? ad. sk. Maritzbunr (F. Oates). W. tin<l"C."G. Oates? 
E^rs. IV. 
o}p. $ ad.sk. Natal. J. II. Gumey, E«q. !?.]• 

q. $ ad.sk. Veeneen, April. Salvin-Gadman Coll. 
r. 
§ ad. sk. Between Pretoria and VT. and C. G. Oates^ 
Mungwato {F. Gates). Esqr*. [P.]. 
5,35, w. Ad. et juv. [Bogos (Esler)."_ Shelley Coll." 
sk. 


v. Ad. sf. [Indian Archipelago,] Baron Laugier Coll. 
18. Tartar damarensis. 
PTourterelle blonde a collier, LevailL Ois. dAfr. vi. p. 78, pi. 2m 
(1808); Bundev. Krit. om LevailL p. 54 (18*37) (ex Terra Daniar.); 
JE. I. Layard, Ibis, 1860, p. 374. 

Columba risoria, part., Tetmn. Fig. et Gallia. L pp. 323, 481 (1813); 
Wagl Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 03, nota (1827). 
Turtur vinaeeus, Strickl. $ Scl. (nee Gm.) Cmtr. Orn. 1852, p. 157 
(Damara). 

Turtur albiventris, Sartl {nee Gr.) F. Z. 8.1867, p. 827 (Zanzibar); 
Sharpe, F. Z. & 1875, p. 715 (Momhasj ; ? Fischer, Zeitechr. ges. 
Om. 1884, p. 377 (Mkaramo, Massailand); JSmin, J.f.O. 1891, 

p. 58 (Ugogo). 
5. TORTUS. 
427 
PColumba risorlus (!), Ckapm. Trav. in & Aft., App. p. 410 (1868). 

Turtur damaxertas. Finsch $• .Hiwrl Tog, Ostqfr. p. 550 (1870); 
Finsch, Tr. Zool. Soc. vii. p. 269 (note) (18701: JSngr?. Orn. K.O.-
Afr. I 2, p. 838, note (1871): Cab. J.f. 0. 1878, p. 242 (E. Aft.) ; 
Bocage, Orn. Aug. n. 385 (1681). 

Streptopelia damarensis, G. M, Gr. Sand-list, iL p. 239, n. 9335 
(1870); Gut a. in A/iderss. B. JDamara Zand, p. 233 (1872); Gurn. 
Ibis, 1873, p. 262. 

Turtur semitorquatus, part., Schhg. Mus. P.-B. Columbae, p. 124 
(1873) (Damara and Mo^iiiedes) ; ? E. Xeict. P. Z. S. 1677, p. 300 
(Anjuim. perhaps Introduced). 

Streptopelia capicola, Ay res (ate Sundev.), Ibis, 1873, p. 262 (Transyaal). 


Turtur capicola, Fl*ch, {me Sunder.) J. f. O. 1877, p. 208; Fisch. 4" 
Bchmc, J f. 0. 1878, p. 250: Fisch. J.f. 0.1878, p. 292 (Mombas), 
1679, p. 3U0; Shell. P. Z. S. 18bl, p. 596 (Pamzani, Ugogo, Dar-es-
Salaani, E. Africa): Blihn, Orn. CentralhL 1682, ppTol, 119; id. 

J. f. 0. 18-2, p. lt^ I Zanzibarj ; Sh>!L Ib& 1^3, p. 312 (part.); 
Schal. J.f.O. 18*3, p. 342 I part.} ; Fisch. ZeiUch. f ^ . Orw. 
1664, p. :i77; Buhm, J.f.O. 1685, p. 53; Fisch. J.f.O. 1885, 
p. lib; 1^//?/;. J", f. O. 1HH7, p. ,71 . jjnhm, J. f. OAhbT, pp. 228, 
342 (part. I: JMiair. J. f. O, JN89, p. 2m (Zanzibar and Quiliinanej; 
Sharps lhi<, ISU'J, p. 541 i (Kito^h, E. Africa) ; Shell. Ibis, 
1893, p. 2^ (Zt nihil 
Turtur semitorquatus, Shell, (tire Mil pp.) P. Z, S. 1*81, p. 596 (Dares-
Salaam). 
Turtur capicola daniaren.-i-, It<'h/tu\ J.f.O. Ib02, p. 14; id. Jahrb. 
Ilm/ib. ITme^eh. Ami, x. p. U i 1KS3). 

Yery similar to T. capleda, from which it differs only in being 
somewhat paler; the grey of the head is much lighter on the forehead 
; the anterior part of the cheeks is very pale vinous, almost 
white; the grey shade on the cheeks is seldom present; the vinous of 
the neck and breast is paler, with 110 grey shade or very little; the 
brown of the upper parts is generally paler; and the grey of the 
outer upper wing-coverts is also paler. Dimensions somewhat 
smaller than in T. capicola, 

Hah. Angola, Damaraland, and E. Africa, from Transvaal to 
Mount Elgon, and also the Comoro Islands and Madagascar, 

m. $ ad. sk. Macon jo, Angola (Anchieta). Shelley Coll. 
5. 
<£ ad. sk. Cunene River (C. J. An- Gurney Coll. 
dersson). 
c. 2 
a&*s^« Elephant Ylev, Damaraland, Gurney Coll. 
Septra J*A.). 
d. Ad. sk. Damaraland {C. J. A.). Tweeddale Coll 
e)f* <$ S ao- Potchefstroom, Jan., Oct (T. Gurney Coll. 
sk. Ayres). 

g. <$ ad. sk. Marico. F. A. Barratt, Esq. [P.]. 
k 5 ad.sk, Zomba, Nyassaland, Sept. H. H. Johnston, Esq. [P.]. 
(A. Jtliyte). 
i. Ad. sk Lower Shire* Valley (Kirk). Earl Kusseli [P.]. 
k. Ad. sk. Tette. * Livingstone Exp. 
I 
$ ad. sk. Malemboa, June (Eilde- Shelley Coll. 
brandt). 

m. Ad. sk. Ndi, Teita, July. Dr. Ilildebrandt [0.]. 
n. Ad. sk. Pangani E. (Kirk). Shelley Coll. 
428 
PEKISTEBXD^. 

o, Ad, sk. Ugogo. Shelley Coll. 
/;. Ad. sk. Dar-es-Salaam. Shelley Coll, 
q. Ad. sk. 3-IomLas. Sharps Coll. 
r.
s. 
Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Grande Comoro (Kirk). 
Grande C< >nioro. 
Shelley Coll. 
Purchased. 

10. Turtur yiuaceus. 
Turtur torquatiH aentffulensi*, Brfes. Or a. i. p. 121, pi. 11.1.1 (1~6Q)4 
Tourterelle a c dlier du Senegal, D'Auhmt. PL Eal. 101 ; Buff. 
Mist. Xat. OR ii. p. 553 {1771;. 
Coluniba senecralends, 3/>7#. (/zfe X^. l »S>/^. X<tf. Si/jjp7. p. 1:33, 

n. So/<1770): ttes*. PA Pft*7^. ^Iw/. ls*>4, p. 245. 
Collared Senegal Turtle, Lath. Syn. II. 2, p. €5fJ, n. 54 117s3j. 
Coluniba yinacea, 6T'M. & X I. p. 7S2, n. 57 (17^! \tt Brisson); 
Lath. I/al. Or a. ii. p. till, n. *>i {17'JLh; i?o«/^. ZW. Em.} Orn, 

p. 230 (1790); Tieill. X D. xxvi. p. :i?J (1-1^). 
Columba riboriu, part, Temtn. Fig. et Gullia. I. pp. -J25, 4^1 11513); 
Bemi. Diet. ®e. Nat. xl p. 049 |182Uj; Xt^*. J/-. </'0/v*. p. 473 
(part.) (1831). 

Turtur seinitorquatus, &c. {nee Hit pp.) B. W. Aft", ii. p. 2f> |1>37); 
Skarpe, Ibis, 1870/ p. 4fe*i -{F&nteej; Shell. if Z»W;/. Ibis, 1872, 

p. 290 (Gold Coast). 
Turtur yinaeetis fr! It. Or. Lixt Galliiw B. M. p. 12 |1H44); 
? Strkld. Ann. £ Mat/. X II xiii. p.tfU(I ^44} IS, Africa 1: (V. I i 
Gr. ton. if. ii.' i). 4*,2, n. 5 i l*U\ It-xeL $vn.| ; I/artf. J.f O. 
1854, p. 200 (part.); G. IL Or. List B. Brit. ~Jfih. Cniumba*. p. 43 
(part.; (1850); Ilaril. Orn. W.-Afr. p. liit» ipart.MlKr>7): tickleg. 
Mm.'P.-B. Columbse, p. 123, n. l*f i&73j ; Y l&ilv. Cat* B. Hfrkhl. 
Coll p, 546 (lh?>); ? &-/«*. Zwtf r«tf. YI/I. ath ed. p. 45;J 11SS3); 
Shell. Ibis, 1883, p. 311; !"2*W&?,s, 2&W, ls»SiT p. 317 (Niger); 
HartL Zmlog. Jahrb. ii. p. 331 (1887) {Djanda, E. Equal. Afr.). 

Turtur albiyentris, G. B. Or. if&f Galium Brit. Mm. p. 1U1 (1844) 
("Western Africa)*; «7. 6^. J?, ii. p. 472, n. 11 ^lft44) ( = seinitorquatus, 
Sw. nee Biipp.): id. List B. Brit Mas. Culumba1, p. 44, 
speclm. g (TsehaddaJ (18-56); Heugl. Orn. JS\0.-Afr. i. 2T p. 834 
(part.) (W. Afr.) (Ifc71), ii. p. elix (1&75); Bchnw. J. f (X 1874, 

p. 388 (Accra), 1877, p. 13 (Loango Coast I; ; *r Barter t7 J.f.O. 
I 4 1881 p. 604 (Niger). 
/ 
Streptopelia yinacea, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 04 (13-J4) (part., excL 
"White Nile); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 17, 219, n. 187 (16->5); id. 
Coup d?ml Ordr. Pig. pp. 31, 57, u. 187 (1855j; Rchnb. Tauben, i, 

p. 74 (1862), ii. pp. 75, 197, Nomt. SuppL t ill f. 24 (1862) {ex 
PlJSnliei); G. It Or. Sand-fat, ii. p. 239, n. 0327 (1870J ; 
Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 17 (1873) (Senegal, Benguela!); 
Hein. & Bchnw. Nomettd. Mus. Hem. Orn. p. 227 (1890) 
(N.E. Africa). 
Turtur (sp.), Heugl. J.f. 0.1863, p. 9 (Galabat and Sennaar). 
Streptopelia barbaru, Antm. Cat JUeser. The. p. 89 (1864) (Sennaar, 
Kordofon, White Nile) (type examined); Heugl. J.f O. 1867, 

p. 207; JSdlvad. Atti B. Ac. So. Tor. r. p. 745 (1870); Antm. 8f 
Salvad. Viagg. Bogos, p. 131 (1873) (Keren, Anseba). 
* The type of T. albiwntris is not the bird labelled " Tchadda E.M {BaiMe)t 
as stated by Capt. Shelley; it is no longer in the British Museum, and was 
stated to be from W. Africa. 
5. irETUE. 420 
Streptopelia barbaia, Ibis, 1864, p. 401; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 151. 
Streptopeiia albiventiis? pait, G. B, Gr. Hand-list, ii, p. 289. 

n. 9328 (1670j. 
Advlt male. Head and neck pink vinous, paler on the forehead, and 
changing into white on the chin and throat and on the lover abdomen, 
vent, and under tail-covert* ; on the crown and occiput a 
slight greyish tinge : a black line in trout of the eyes ; on the hind 
neck a broad black collar, edged above with whitish ; back, scapulars, 
tertials. and inner half oi the wing-coverts earthy brown ; rump and 
upper tail-coverts greyish brown; outer upper wing-coverts pale 
grey, with lighter edges ; bastard wing and primary-coverts black: 
primaries brown-black, secondaries brownish grey, all the quills with 
narrow light edges ; under wing-coverts grey; two central tail-
feathers earthy brown like the back, the nest two pairs bluish grey, 
whitish towards the tips and black at the base of the inner webs; 
remainder of the tail-feathers black at the base, white at the apical 
part; the outer feathers have aLo the basal part of the outer web 
edged with white: tail below with, the basal half black and the 
terminal half white, the outer feather^ edged with white: "feet 
brown ; bill black ; iris bright chestnut" (Anfinori). Total length 
scarcely 10 inches, wing „y», tail *>3, bill 0-45, tarsus 0*75. 

Fuaale. Similar to the male. 
Ilab. Tropical X. Africa, from Senegal and Gold Coast on the 
west, to Xgur and Bogos on the east; apparently ako Loango. 
I have compared the type of #. harham, Ant in., with the bird0, 
mentioned below, and I find that they are absolutely identical. 

a. Ad, sk. Gambia {Moloney). Shellev Coll 
b. <$ ad. fck. 
c. Ad. sk. 
Accra (G. E. 8.). 
Ninquah, E. Gold 
Coast, Bee. 
SheUey CoH. 
Shelley Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. PuB. sk. 
Tchadda R. 
Niger. 
Dr. Balfour BaiMe [P.]. 
Purchased. 
/ . Skeleton. Purchased. 

20. Tnrtur roseogriseus. 
Columba risoriaj Itiipp. {nee Linn.) Keve Wirbelth Yog. p. 67 (1885) 
(Ma&sowa), 
Turtur risorius, Itiipp. 8yd. Uehers. p. 130 (1845) (Arabia, Abyssinia, 
Egypt); ? Heuffl Ibis, 1859, p. 343. 
Turtur semitorquatu% Myth (nee Ilupp. neque 820.), J. A. S. B. xxiv. 

p. 261 (1855) (Abyssinia, Rippell). 
Peristera vinaeeat Cl L. Brehm (nee Gm..), Vogelf. p. 258 (18*55). 
Columba roseogrisea, Sutidev, Krit. om Lemill. p. 54 (1857) (=C. 
risoria* Rupp.). 

Turtur albiventris, Finsck 4" Hart!, {nee Gr.) Toy. Ostafr. p. 540 
(part.) (1870); Finsck $ Jesse, Tr. Zool 80c. ml p. 2^9 (1870) 
(Abyssinia) ; Man/. GeoL 4* Zoo!. Abyss, p. 417 (1870); HeugL 
Om. N.O.-Afr. L 2, p. 834 (1871); Shell. B. of Egypt, p. 217 
(1872); ?Hartert, Hat. Voyeham?nL p. 188 (1891) (Abyssinia, 
MilppeU). 

? Tartar risoroides, MS. Mm. Zuyd. fide HeugL J.f. 0.1867, p. 206. 

430 PEPJDSTEE1BJ5. 

Turtur fellas, ScMeg. Mus. B.-B. Columbse, p. ^ 124 (XJS. Africa) 
(1873) (=roseogxiseus, Sund. fide ButtUzafvr, la Hit.),-Qieb, The®, 
Orn. iii. P. 726 (1877J. 

Turtur ridibundus. Wiirtt. Coll. Mergmth^ Jidt Hmgl. Or it. JV.O.4/ 
h ii, 2? p. cbdx (lS7o|. ^ 
Turtur roseogriseus, Shell. Ibis, 1553, p. 309 (X.E. Africa), 

Similar to 21 vinaccvs. but larger, paler, with BO black streak on 
the lores, and with the vaclcr idtitj-tonHs tts-g Ihjhf tj^g, almost 
wliite; also the tail is differently coloured; central tail-feathers 
pale earthy brown; the outer tail-feather has the outer web and the 
apical portion white, the basal part of the inner web dark grey, 
almost black, and the mesial part of the same inner web grey ; the 
remaining tail-feathers are dark grey, with the outer webb tinged 
with brown, and with the white tip diminishing in extent to the 
inner ones. Total length about 12*5 inches, wing 6 to ir2, tail 4*1, 
bill 0*68, tarsus 0'9. 

Female, Somewhat smaller than the male. 
Hah. X.E. Africa and Djedda. 
According to Capt. Shelley, our tame Turtle-Dove btdungs to this 


species. 
a. $ ad.sk. Ailat, W. of Mas«owa, June. W. T. Jilunford, E*q. 
b. 2 a<^ s ^
c. c^ad.sk.
d. 5 ad. sk.
e. Ad sk. 
Koomayli, Abyssinia, June(Jesse). 
Eoonuyli, Abyssinia, June{Jesse). 
Koomayli, Abys&inia, June(Jesse). 
Djedda/Bed Sea (S, & Allen). 
Twwddale Cull. 
rfahin-Gudniaii 
Shelley Coll. 
Dresser Coil. 
Coll. 

21. Turtur douraca. 
Columba risoria, Ball, (nee Linn.} Zoogr. M*jm*~Ag. L p. oGo (1811) 
(Ghilan); Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. L*X) iDukhun); Xaumann, 
Wugm. Archiv, iii. 1, p. 106 (1&37) (Balkan, Turkej I; JS'ordm. 

s^ * Bull. Ac. Sc. St BetersL 1837, n. 46 (Odgs&a and" Ibianck on 
^ Lower Danube) (cf. Bev. ZmL 1838, pf 293); Key*. 4" Bias. 
WffbeWt. Eur. pp. Mi, 198; n. 268 (1840) ; Finsck, f.f. 0.1859, 

p. 385 (Bulgaria); Schrenck, Set's. Amur-L. I p. 382 (lh60); 
Homey. J.f.O.1870, p. 169; Sperling, IMsf lo64, p. 283 (S. Syria); 
Alleon, Rev. ei Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 5 (Constantinople]; "Mull. 
JJ. 0.1879, p. 390 (Cyprus) iLUf. 3k3188% p. 333 (Cypwu,). 
Turtur douraca, Hoags. in (rraifs Zool. Misc. p. &3 (X844)-; Schley. 
Mus. B.~B. Columba, p. 123 (1873); Gieh. The*. Orn. iii. p. 726 
(1877); ? Bkaglia, AttiSoc. Nat. Mod. (3)ii.p. 44(1884) (Modena, 
Italy); Slept. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, p. 427, p i xxii. 1 3 (outer 
tail-feather). 

Turtux risorius, StricH. Ann. fy Mag. K JH. xiii p. 38 (1844), xiv. 

p. 117 (1844); Myth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 870 (1845): id. Am. $ 
Mag. N, jff. xix. p. 181 (1847); Marti Erst. Nachtr. Ferz. p. 17, 
n. 178 (1846); Blyth, Cai.B. Mus. A. & B. p. 235, n. 1430 (part.) 
(1849); Kelaart, Brodr. Cat. p. 130 (1862); Zayard, Ann. $ 
Mag. N. B. (2) xiv. p. 59 (1854); Blyth, J. A. & A xxiv. p. 261 
O. TCKHTR, 
431 

fl555r*: r 2VA*r. I&>*. 1560, p. C9*; Irby, Ibis, 1561, p. 234 
(Gnrili ard Kumarm: »SVM. I£&\ 1503, p. 335; Bear.P.Z.S. 
1664. p. 3701 MaonLLoom i; Trter. P. Z. S. ltsG4, p. 44S (Palestine); 
J*rd. B. >f Ifld. ii:. p. 451 • 15ti4j; Tayl Ibis, 1564, p. 410 
{Smyrna an 1 C -*n=tantin jplt i; Z?z//y.' P. Z & 1866, p. 571; Tayl. 
Hi% 1S*J7? p. r*7 jSiixj:na, never in Egypt); Blyth, Ibi$,lS67, 

p. 151: P-£. */. f. O. 1-H-, p. :jti{K:>tr_airn);7>7.IZiz$.130Stp.32O; 
Tbthr* UK 1^'5, p. -JWi Tri-*r. 1^,1-65, pp. 210, 211, 333 
(Pairstiii^ ; Bat , I C 3-ti\ p. 376 t India/; Ehves & BucklBis, 
WO, p. -Ml : * Jjr/*'* ^ ^ lH7nt p. G«)2 (Auckland, 'introduced) ; 
Sr mnh. P. 2. A. 1 -7<'. •». 440 China). 1 -71,p. 397; Hokhw. P. Z.& 
1-72. p. 4^7 -% LI j<l P>\ 1 -73T p. 414; Hume, Sir. FtafL i p. 218 
(1573 -L. JL »; Afh*ltu ?W. p.tfi*u' 1 -73u | Sanabnur Late); Legge, 
IhK 1-74, }, -2h: Nth**, X^t* «y 17^*, p. 501 (1875); ?V7. &r. 
jft r'£. iii. i. 1*'5 1 -7:;> ti"pp«" Pe.rui :"Wakl M Myth's B.Burm. 
p. 140 I 1-75 ; ZN/.tfl JIW. JW%, n. p. 270 115715) (Beluchistan); 
i,VJ. & Ibtmr. stt\ F'/fft. iv. p. 3 (1^70); Sclatfy Tayl Ibis, 
1*70, p. *<2; *N/">\ ////% 1^70, p. 334? 1-77, p. 14-3 (*Tokio); 
Pk"W>. .V/'. Iv///A. \. p. 40H J!-77I ; Df/tiV £ Oi/.s/. Oils. C/uW, 
p. 3-7 1H77 <: 7>>^. B. **f Em\ \\\, p. 51. pi. 464. f. 2 (1577); 
Bhdn*t s- Fnj>r. Ih s 3-7% p. 227 (Xukio); Ball, Sfr. Featk.iil 
p. 224 i l-7-i; f r)./ ^ //„>/, p. 207 (1-7^1; Anders. Yunnan Exped. 
p. f 1W (I ^7-I ; Hnu t, *VA K «/A. viii. p. lit) (ls79); Scully, Sfr. 
Perth. \iii. p.3f211-?,*f i NVjal); Ward I Emm. IM% 1*50* p. 70 
<Af>hiiM>!*m i; Li'tut, I*. (\^kn^ p. 702 (1^0); IJlakht, $ Fryer, 
Tr, A*. *W\ .A/;,. \i.'i.p. 2m\ IHHO^ x, p, f^i 118^2); >SWr. Cat B. 
*StrieI:?J''dl p. 7i i»; 11 H^»| ; ^m i I//w, !^2 5 p. US {Afghanistan); 
OftU^ Hfr. Ft nth. \. p. 1'iio |1^-2) I Ihpxx); iV/. 2?. J^nV. Burm. ii 
p. 21^ 11 -:U; IVrAv/% I^ t 1 -3, p. VM (Ceylon); Skell Ibis, 1863, 
p. ijlte*;Mnr*h. Ihi*y 1 s - lf p. 421 (Charaba); Blakist Amend. List 
B. Jap. p. 2*1 |L*5-iJ: Tmfr. Fuw/z. ^ PYor. Palest p. 121 (1884); 
8irink. >Sf Unrtu I//i>t lH^»lt p. 130; Sharpe, Ibis, 188G, p. ICG 
(Muscat): mvtulEl Fa. Hal p. 192 (1867) ; Hume, Sir. Feaik 
xirp/lW fl—-i; *V. J!//*/?, Jfe 15fci\ p. 104 (Afghanistan); 
>Pica<jlia, Ekmn Wei. MmL p. 101 (1S89) (Modena); Tristr, 
Cat CuU.B* p. 30 (1^0) I Jericho, Madras, Tokobaisa); Hartert, 
Kat. Togehamml p. 1H^ (part,) (1^91) (India). 
Streptopefia 
ri^oria, Bp. Ch/i*p. Ai\ ii. p. 65 (part.) (1854); id. 
Compt Hi ml xi pp. 1% 219, n. 1^9 (part.) (1855); id. Coup d'ceil 
Ordre Fig. pp. 31, 57, n. L-0 (part) (1855); ? Doderl Avif. Mod, 
e Sic. p. 345 <l*i>0) (Modenaj ; G. M. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 239, 

n. d'226 (part.) (Ifc701; Soma, Mus, Xac. Lisb* Columbse, p. 17 
(1873). 

Peristera Widens, €r. L. Brehm, Vugelf. p. 257 (1855). 

?Peristera intercedeus, C. L. Brehn, op. eii. p. 258 (1855) (X. 
Africa!); id. Naturg. «. Zucktd. Tank p. 72 (1857). 

Turiur ridena, C. L. Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, p. 286. 

Turtur intercedensf C. L. Brehm, Xaumanniu, 1855, p. 288; Finsch 

4' Maril Voq. Osiafr.B. 545 11870); Severtz. in litt.; Dresser, 
Ibis, 1870, p.*321; :* Tmtr. Cat Coll. B. p. 38 (1889) (Malacca!). 
Streptopelia intercedens, Relink Tauhen, ii. p. 175 (1802); G. B, 
Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 23% n. 9320 (1870); Severfz. J.f. 0.1873, 

p. 347; 1875, p. 180. 
Turtur vitticollis, Prjm\ (nee Temm.) Mongolia, ii. p. Il l (1870). 
* The Indian bird is not the wild type of the domestic breed (Blyth). 
t Abuadanfc in Algeria in summer (Tristram) I 
432 PEEISTERIDJE. 

Coliimba chinensis, Severtz, {nee Scop.) Turk. Jfvofrt. p. 63 (1573). 
Turtur stoliczkae, Sir me, Sir. Feath. ii. p. 519 (1574) (Ivashgar, 
Turkebtan), iii. pp. 217 note, 41 o (W5i; ScvUj, Sir. FeotJuix. 

p. 178 (1876) ; Legge, B. of Ctyl p. 702 (l^Uj; Shnrpe. 6c. j&*. 
Sec. Tarh. Miss., Aict, p. 117. pi. xiv. (l^Uli. 
Turtur risoria, Stoliez. (/ice Zi/iu.U Sir. Ffcrft. ill. p. 217 (187-J) 
(Easkgarj. 
Turtur bitor^iiatiiN, Mort. (uu T mm. \ Freit^. L p 0*f-A*.3 Zoul. 

i. p.370(lfe77). 
Stieptopeliatuiquata, Bogd {arr Bri^.) Tr. Sib. OH-I?. Je*fe*t>. xii. 
p. 9b (lfcNl); z<l Co/i&p. Av. Imp. i?"*s i. p. t) f 1W j; Menzb. Ibis. 
l^o, p. 357 (Ak-u, Ka4ij*ar) ; Fit 4t. MUM, A*. Ft fer-l. \7 xxxri, 
D. S,p. 40 (Turkestan) (l^N . 
Turtur douraca torquatu*. Sft/n. Fi\ U.S. Xaf. Mtt> 1*^7, p. 420. 
Tuitur toiquatu-. Stejn. op. ci*. p. 4;i7: Tacz. F. Z. S. 1^7, p. U)'); 
1SGS; p. 407 (Curca). 

Ach'li utah. Head, neck, and client pale pink or vinou*, fading 
into white on the chin : forehead paler; no black feather* in front 
of the eyes; on the hind neck a broad black collar, partially edged 
above and below with white : back, scapulars, and inm r half of the 
wing-coverts, innermost secondaries, and central tail-feather* very 
pale brown, passing into pearl-grey on the outer upper wing-coverts 
and secondaries; rump partially washed with gre\ ; ba-tird wing 
and primary-coverts pearl-grey, tipped -with brxran : primaries dark 
brown, generally with partial light edges; lateral tail-feather* 
leaden grey, fading gradually into white towards the tips; the 
under surface of the tail is sharply divided into a black ba**e and 
a white-grey apical portion ; on the outer feather* the black 
extends farther towards the end on the outer web ; the pink of the 
chest shades into grey, of a deeper or lighter tint on the flanks, 
abdomen, vent, and under tail-covert^; under wing-coverts very 
light pearl-grey; under surface of the quills brown, fading into ashy 
white on their inner web* toward* the base of the feather-*; hides 
red j bill black; legs dark pinkish red. Total length 11*0 inches, 
wing &8, tail 5, bill 1*0, tarsus 0-9. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Hab. Odessa, Lower Danube. Turkey"*. Palestine, Persia, India, 
Ceylon, Burmah, China, and also Japan. 

a. J ad. sk.
b. 5 ad. sk. 
Jericho, Jan. (2Kbtram}. 
Ghor es Safieh, PalesShelley 
Coll. 
Seebufim Coll. 
tine, Jan. {Tristram}. 
c.Ad.sk. Ghor es Safieh, Palestine, Salviri-Godman Coll. 
Jan. {Tristram), 
d, e. Ad. sk, Ghor es Saflek, Palestine. Canon Tristram T.~. 
f. Ad. sk.
g. Juv. sk.
h, I Ad. sk. 
Mesopotamia. 
Mesopotamia, 
Muscat. 
India Museum [P.]. 
Col. Miles "P."1 . 
k9l. Ad.sk. Persia. Kenneth Loftw, Esq. "P.". 

* I have been informed on good authority that this bird is very common even 
in Albania near Valona, which would be the most western part inhabited hy it. 
5. TFRTFB. 
43S 
*n, n. $ ad. et 
ad. sk, 

o. Ad. sk. 
p,fir. Ad. sk. 
A Ad. sk. 
s, t. (S ad. sk. 

u. 2 ad. >k. 
27. Ad.sk. 
w. <$ ad. sk, 
x. 2 ad. 4:. 
ir, J ad. 4i. 
2. 2 ad.*k. 
a1, o ad. sk. 
b'-k'. d 2 ad. sk. 

V. $ ad. sk. 
»/. Ad. <k. 

w'y o'. d 2 ad. 

sk. 

p\ Ad. >*k. 

gr'. JuY. *k. 

r'. d ad. isk. 

«',*'. J $ ad.sk. 

w'. d" ad, sk. 

v'. <$ ad. sk. 
?r'. Ad. sk. 
x\y%z'. Ad. sk. 
*". Ad. 4;. 
5",c". Ad. ^k. 
tfV'. Ad.*k. 

/',*",*". d 2 

ad. sk. 
e". <J ad. sk. 
k"-ti". Ad. fik. 

o",p". xld.sk.

#". Ad. sk. 
r",*V'\ Ad.sk. 

uu. $ ad. sk. 

?>". d ad. sk. 

«;". Imra. sk. 
a*", c? ad. sk. 
yV - cJ? ad.sk. 


a. Ad.bk. 
P. 
tf ad. sk. 
VOL. XXI. 
Shikarpore. India Museum "P.]. 

Chugar Serai. India MU&?UDI "Pf. 

CaLul i Griffith). India Museum "P.'. 

Khu^-ah. AfL-hanistan India Museum "P.*. 

I Griffith *. 

Gunjazai. May, Colonel Swinkoe [P.". 

Cli linen. Aug.* Hume Coll. 

Candt'Iia:1. India Mu-eani "P.". 

Candahar. Mar {Sir 0. Hume C ill. 

tit. Jo Jul) 

Candaliar, Aj»rll. Colonel Swinhoe "P.". 
Beliielii-ta:i, March. \\ . T. Blanford, EV~0." 
Larldiana, Feb. M. 0.J5T.J. Hume C< 11. ~ " 
Karachi, Dec. I is*. -4. Hume Cull. 

Bvller). 

Saiabhuf. Feb., May to Hume Coll. 
July, and Nor. {i?. AT. 


Sambhur, May (JR. AT. Tweedddle Coll. 

Ada iti). 

Punjab. 
Brigadier Heaisey [P.]. 

Delhi, Jan. Hume Coll. 

CJa^hniere, Autf. Hume Cull. 

{Vhinesv. July I B(UHC). India Museum ~P.*. 

Simla, S^pt.fi/. C. Beavaa). Tweed dale Cull. 

rmballah, Nuv. (22. C Tweeddale Cull, 

BfiarUii). 

Umballah, Nuv. (2SJ. C Gould Coll. 

Beamn\* 

Almorah, Aupr. Hume Coll. 
Kumaim (6'trachey I. India Museum [P.]. 
Etwah, Jan., Sept. Hume Coll. 
Ajrra, Jan. Hume C» >1L 
Oiidli. Feb., March. Hume Coll. 
Ouilli. Capt. Stackhoti^e Pin will 


IV. 
3Iocrtd Si i\i, Jan. Hume C .11. 
Nepal, Dee. (J, IteuVyU Hume Coll. 
Nepal. B. n. Hod^on, Esq. ) 


 Nepal (I£V/yM//i). India MU-HUIH JP,_. J 

(Tjpess <if jspecies.) 
IUijf*elIiii\ Hume < 'oil. 
Darj • liiu. India Mn- urn IV , 
IMiotao HoarsT April (X. Hum»- Cull. 

Maude?11). 
Brahmapootra, Dec. {W. Hume Coll. 
Duchon). 

Dibnuhur, Feb. (/. J*. Hume Coll. 

Cri/ma). 

Caehar,Jan. (J. O.J/.). Hume Coll. 
Mimipur, Feb. (^4. 0. //.). Hume Cull. 
Dacca. Hume Coll. 
Calcutta, May. Hume Coll. 

2F 

434 

c\ Ad. sk. 

d*. Ad. sk. [isabelline 
var.]. 
e^f,g\ Ad.sk. 
W,i\ ?ad.etd 

juv. sk. 
k*. $ ad. sk. 

l\ J ad. sk. 

. Ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
cT ad. sk. 
Ad. sk. 
$ ad. sk. 

r3. Ad. sk. 
$*. Ad. sk. 

t\ 2 ad. sk. 
w3, ?;3. 6 ad. sk. 
wi3. Ad.sk. 

x2, v3. Ad. sk. 
z\ Ad. sk. 
^4. Ad. sk. 
bK $ ad. sk. 

PERISTEEIDJB. 

Maunbhoorn, Feb. (R. C. 
Beavan). 

Raipur. 

Kamptee. 
Mhow, Oct. 

"Wadale, Nov. (8. B. Fair-
bank). 
Ahniednugger, NOT. (& B. 
Fairbank). 

Madras. 

Deccan (Burgess), 
Near Segore, Feb. 
Mysore, Aug. (R.G. W.F). 
Gundalupet, Mysore, May 


(W. Damon), 
Malabar ? 
Sanju, Yarkand, Nov. (JP. 
Stoliczha), 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Dr. R. B. Hinde HP.]. 

Colonel Swinhoe [P. j . 

Tweeddale Col. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
India Museum [P.I 
Gould CoR. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
India Museum [P.], 


Turkestan,A."pnL(Severtsqff),Seebobm Coll. 

Kansu, Marcli (FrjevaUM). 
Pao-an-hein, China, Sept. 

(R. Siomkoe), 
Senen-hwa-hien, Cbina. 
Japan. 
YeddofC. McVean). 
Tokio, Japan (Oda), 

Beebolim Coll. 
Seeboliin CoE. 

Seebobm Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Seebobm Coll. 

22. Tnxtnx bnmilis. 
Columba humilis, Temm. PL Col 259 (J ) (nee pL 258) (livr. 44, 
1824) (Bengal, LUCOT) j Steph. Gen. Zool. adv. p. 280 (part.) 
(1826); Desm. Diet. 8c. Wat xL p. 350 (1826); Wagl 8yst. Av. 
Columba, sp. 95 (1827) ; Skip $ Friv. Fig. ii. pL 7 (1838-43): 
Momey.J.f.O.1870, p. 170. 

Peristera humilis, Bole, Isis,1828, p. 327. 
Turtur bumilis, G. R. Gr. Gm. B. ii. p. 472, n. 7 (1844); Rchnb. 
8yn. AD. t 1370 (1847) (ex Temmmek); Swinh. Ibis, 1860, 

p. 63 (Amoy), 1861, p. 49,1862, p. 261, 1863, p. 397 (Formosa) ; 
id. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 300; Blyth, Mouafs App. p. 362 (1863); 
Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 482 (part.) (1864); 8zmnh. Ibis, 1865, 
pp. 355, 541, 542; Wall. Ibis, 1865, pp. 392, 399 (part.); id. 
J.f. 0. 1866, p. 283 (part.); Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 151 (part); 
? Beav. Ibis, 1867, p. 332 (Chatham!., Andamans); 8cM.F. Z. 8. 
1869, p. 627; Swinh. Ibis, 1870, pp. 80, 356 (Hainan); id. Ibis, 
1871, p. 397; 8chleg. Mm. F.-B. Colum&B, p. 125 (part) (1873) 
(Halmabera); Hume, 8tr. Feath. ii. p. 269 (Andamans) (1874); 
8mnk Ibis, 1875, p. 125 (Chefoo) ; Mume, Nests and Eggs, p. 507 
(part.) (1875); WaU. Trans. Zool. 8oc. ix. p. 219 (1875); id. in 
BlyWs B. Burm. p. 145 (1875); ? Hume. §tr. Feath. iii. p. 165 
(Pegu) (1875), iv. p. 292 (Andamans) (1876); Armstr. $ Mume, 
8tr. Feath. iv. p. 338 (1876); Tact. Bull 8oc. Zool Fr. i p. 24 
(1876); 8harpe, Tr. Linn. 8oc. (2) Zool L pp. 347, 353 (1876); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 272 (part.) (1877); David $ Oust. (Ms. 
Chine, p. 388 (part.) (1877); Mume $ Davids. 8tr, Feath vi. p. 423 
5 . TTJBT1IR. 
435 
(1878); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 210 (1879); Bingh. Str. Feath, 
is. p. 194 (1880); Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 383 (1881); Wardl 
Mams. ibid. p. 659 (1881) ; Tacz. J.f O.1881, p. 187 (Askoldl) ; 
Oates, Str. Feath. x. p. 235 (1882); id. Birds of Brit. Btirm, 

ii. p. 294 (1883); Blakist. Amend. List B. Jap. p. 43 (1884) 
Seebh. Ibis, 1884, p. 179; ? Marsh. Ibis, 1884, p. 421 (Charaba) 
Stejn. Fr. TT.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, p. 428; Hume, Str. Feath. xl 
p. 299 (1888) (Xarupur, N.E. Cachar); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p. 38 (Formosa) (1889); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) vii 
p. 424 (1889); Steere, List, p. 24 (1890) (Mindoro, Luzon) ; 
Kara. Abh. nat. Ver. Brem. xi. p. 406 (Extr. p. 14) (1890); Seebh, 
B. Jap. Emp. p. 162 (1890); Styan, Bis, 1891, pp. 328, 439 
(Cliina) ; Kartert, Kai. Vogelsamml. p. 188 (1891); id. J. f. O, 
1891, p. 300. 
Columba (;-) terrestris, Temm.fide Rchnb. Sun. Av. Columbarige, p. 3 
(1847). 

Streptopelia liumilis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 66 (part.) (1854); id. 
Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 18, 219, n. 193 (part.) (1855): id. Coup 
d'mil Ordre Fig. pp. 32, 57, n. 193 (part.) (1855); id. Compt. 
Bend. xH. p. 659 (1855): Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 76, t. 247. f. 1370 
(1862); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 239, n. 9331 (part.) (1870). 

Turtur terre^tris, Mereatorum, fide Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 18 
(1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Fig. p. 32 (1855). 
Coluroba (Peristera) liumilis, Schrenck, Voq. d. Amur-L. p. 284 

(1860). 
Turtur (Streptopelia) liumilis, v. Mart. J.f. 0.1866, p. 24. 
Turtur liumilior, Hume, Froc. As. Soe. Beng. 1874, p. 241 (Anda


mans) : id. Str. Feath. iii. pp. 279, 280 (1875). 
Turtur tranquebaricus, Blyth (nee Herm.}, B. Burm. p. 145 (1875). 
Turtur sp., Blakist. $ Fryer, Tr. As. Soc. Jap. x. p. 129 (1882). 

Adult male. Yinous red; head, lower back, rump, upper tail-
coverts, under wing-coverts, and flanks grey; head paler, especially 
on the forehead; chin whitish, changing into the vinous red of the 
neck; a black collar on the hind neck, dividing the grey of the head 
from the vinous red of the npper parts; outer greater wing-coverts 
dark greyish; primary-coverts and quills blackish, with narrow 
pale edges; lower abdomen ashy; under tail-coverts white, more 
or less tinged with grey; central tail-feathers ashy brown, the 
others dark ashy, with a broad terminal ashy-white band, the white 
also occupying the outer web of the outermost feathers: " bill 
black; iris dark brown; legs and feet purplish red" (GhennelT). 
Total length about 9 inches, wing 5-5, tail 3*5, bill 0-52, tarsus 
0*72. 

Female. General colour pale brown, but the lower parts vinous 
grey where vinous red in the male; there is a black collar as in the 
male, but edged above with whitish grey. 

Hob. From Cachar through Burmah to the Andamans, and eastward 
to Cochinchhia, China, and the Philippine Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Pn(^a]» 
Baron Laugier's Coll. 
b} c, d. <$ ad. et $ ShiUong, June, July {A. W. Tweeddale Coll. 
juv. sk. ChenneU). 

e. 
$ &d* sk. w Naga District, Feb. (J. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
Fairbank)* 
2J?2 

f. S ad. sk. 
g-o. $ $ ad. ak. 

p. <$ ad. sk. 
#. $ ad. sk. 
r. [^Jad.sk. 
s, i. d $ ^d. sk. 

w. $ juv. sk. 
v, w, x. tf ? ad. 

sk. 
«/-&'. J $ ad. sk. 
c'. <$ ad. sk. 
d\ S ad. sk. 


e\ f, g'. 6 S ad. 
sk. 
h', a\ 8 ? ad. sk. 

#, Z?. (J $ ad. sk. 

m'. $ ad. sk. 

»', o'. $ ad. sk. 

jpr. $ ad. sk. 

q\ $ ad. sk. 

rf. J imm. sk. 
s', t'. ? ad. sk. 
u'. S hum. s^


7?r. 5 ad. sk. 

w'K x'. $ ad. et 
ixaut. sk. 

y\ J ad. sk. 

ss\ $ ad, sk. 
a". 5 ad. sk. 
b". $ ad. sk. 


c"-g". tf ad. et 
pull. sk. 
A". <5 ad. sk. 

i". S ad. sk. 
k". S ad. sk. 
r, m". $ ad. sk. 
si",o"- c??ad. sk. 
p", q". 3 ? ad. 

sk. 

PERISTEEID.33. 

Barak K., Cachar, Jan. 

(W. Davison). 
Munipur, Jan., Feb., March 

(A. 0. 2?.). 
Dacca. 
Tipperah. 
Akyab, March (J. Armstrong). 


Lower Pegu, March. 

Thoungyah, Oct. (J. Barling). 
Amherst, Dec, Jan. {W. 

Davison). 
Tavoy, March ( W. Damson). 
Tavoy, April (W. Davison). 
Karen Nee, March (22. G. 

W. It.). 
Tonghoo, Jan., Nov.; Dec. 
(It. G. W. 22.). 
Tenasserini Town, NOT. (W. 
Davison). 
Pakchan, Jan. (W. Davison). 


Houngthraw B.; Jan. (IF. 

Davison). 
Thatone, Jan., Feb, (W. 
Davison). 

Pabyouk, Attaran Distr., 
March (W. Davison). 
ThoungyeenK.jSept. (C. T. 

Bingham). 

Malacca. 
Malacca (Dr. Maingay). 

S. Andamans, Jan. (22. /. 
Wimberley). 

S. Andamans, 
Aug. (22. J. 
Wimberley), 
Aberdeen, S. Andamans. 
April, Nov. (F. A. de 
Hoepstorfffy W. Davison). 

Aberdeen, S. Andamans, 

Nov. (C. W. Dmjer), 
Cambodia (Mouhot). 
Saigon, Cochin Cbina. 
Hainan, China, Feb. (22. 

Swinhoe). 

S.W. 
Formosa (22. Svrin-
Jtoe). 
S.W. Formosa (22. 8winJioe). 
Zaidam, Sept. (PrjevakM). 
Tungshan, Jan. (Prjemlsfoi). 
Canton (Tuckett). 
Amoy. 
Amoy, Oct. (22. Swinhoe). 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll, 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

E. W. Oates, Esq, 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll* 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale ColL 
Hume Coll. 
Hume ColL 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Wallace ColL 


Tweeddale ColL 


Tweeddale ColL 


Hume Coll. 
Hume ColL 

Tweeddale ColL 

Tweeddale CoU. 

M. St. Pierre [P.], 
Seebohm ColL 
Seebohm Coll. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

Seebohm ColL 
Tweeddale ColL 
Tweeddale CoE 
K.Swinlioe,E8q. [0.]. 
Seebohm ColL 

5 . TTJRTUR. 
437 

/' . ^ad.sk. ~^oochow,Ma.y (R.Stvinhoe). Seebohm Coll. 
s<\ 2 ad. sfc. Shanghai, Sept. (R. SwinSoebokm 
Ooll. 
hoe), 
t", u". 6 ad. sk. Luzon, Jan., Feb. (A. B. Tweeddalo Ooll. 
»", w'\ 6 2 ad- s ka". <$ ad. sk.
Meyer). 
Philippine Is. (Cuming). 
Yokohama Market, Feb. 
Gould Coll. 
Soebohm Coll. 
(0. Sno2o). 
23. Turtur traiiquebaricus. 

Oolumba tranquebarica, JSerm. Obs. Zool. p. 200 (1804) (exTanque


baria). 

Oolumba hurnilis, Staph, {nee. Temm.) Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 280 (1826) 
(India); Less. Tr .d'Orn. p. 474 (1831) (Bengala); Frankl.P. Z. S. 
1831, p. 122 ; Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 150, n. 141 (Dukliim); Less. 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 52 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 283 
(part.) (1838). * * F 

? Oolumba risoria (minor), Frankl. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 122 (female?). 

Oena murwensis, Hodgs., in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844). 

Turtur kumilis, G. R. Gr. List Gallium Brit. Mus. p. 12 (1844); id. 

Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 7 (part.) (1844); Blyth, jr. A. 8. B. xiv. 

p. 872 (1845); Hartl. Erst. NaeMr. Vera. p. 17, n. 170 (1846); 
Blyth, Ami. # Mag. N. H. xix. p. 182 (1847); id. Cat. B. Mus. A. 
S. B. p. 23G, n. 1432 (1849); Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 130 (1852) ; 
Laijard, Ann. $ Mag. N. H. xiv. p. 60 (1854); Blyth, J. A. S. B. 
xxiv. p. 261 (note) (1855); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columboe, 
p. 45 (1856) (India, Nepal); Adams, P. Z S. 1858, p. 497,1859, 
p. 187; Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 482 (part) (1864); Blyth, Ibis, 
1867, p. 157 (part.); Beav. Ibis, 1868, p. 376; Hume, Ibis, 1869, 
p. 19 (nest & egg); Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 414 (N. India); Hume, 
Str. Feath. i. p. 218 (1873); Schleq. Mus. P.-B. Oolumba, p. 123 
(part.) (1873); Butl. Str. Feath. ii. p. 424 (1874) ; Hume, Nests 
$ Mggs, iii. p. 507 (1875); Butl. % Hume, Str. Feath. iv. p. 3 
(1876); Fairb. Str. Feath. iv. p. 262 (1876); Gieb. Tim. Orn. iii. 
p. 727 (1877); Tiraud, Bull. Com. Agr. et Ind. Coehmch. (3) i. 
p. 143, n. 257 (1879); ?£idd. Ibis, 1882, p. 286 (Gilgit); ? Sclat. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 454 (India) (1883) j Tristr. Cat Coll.B. 
p. 38 (part.) (1889). 
Streptopelia 
kumilis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 66 (part.) (1854); id. 
Compt. Fend. xl. pp. 18, 219, n. 193 (part.) (1855) ; id. Coup dymil 
Ordre Pig. pp. 32, 57, n. 193 (part.) (1855); G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. 

p. 239, n. 9332 (part) (1870); Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Oolumbae, 
p. 17 (1873). 
? Streptopelia kumilis (senescens), Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 66 (1854) 
(Mus. Paris a Danaide). 
? Oena muroensis, Hodgs. apud Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 66, in syn. sp. 9 
(1854); id. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 18 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre 
Fig. p. 31 (1855). n 

? Turtur muroensis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xli. p. 659 (1855); Rchno. 
Tauben, ii. p. 176 (1862). 

f Turtur murvensis, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. n. 942 (1856). 

Turtur tranquebarica, Wald. Trans. Zool. Soe. ix. p. 219 (1875)•; 

Hume, Str. Feath. iv. p. 292 (1876); Davids. $ Wend. Str. Feath. 
Tii. p. 86 (1878); Ball, ibid.?. 224 (1878); Cripps,ibid.*.m 
(1878); Salv. Cat.B.Strickl Coll. p. 546 (1882) (Malacca!, xMadras). 

43 8 
PEEISTEEID2E. 

Turturtranqueharicus, Hume, Sir. Feath. Till p. 110 (1879); Legge 

B. CeyL p. 708 (1880): Bidd. Ibis, 188% p. 280: Swinh. <Y Bam 
Ibis, 1885, p. 131: Hartert, J.f. 0. 1889, p. 440 (juv.): Seebh. B* 
Jap. Bmp. p. 163 (1890). 
iEna nmrmensis, Hodgs.fide Bidd. Ibis, 18^2, p. 280. 

Very similar to T. Jiumilis, from which it differs in haraig the 
under wing-coverts much, lighter, almost ashy white. I cannot find 
that the plumage is of a lighter rinous red, or the head and rump 
paler. The JNepal and Darjeeling birds approach the Eastern birds,, 
and are intermediate between them and the Indian ones. 

Eab. India, as far towards X.E. as Nepal and Darjeeling. 

a. Ad. sk. India. 
Gould Cull, 
b. ($ ad. sk. Hydrabad, Sindh, April (K Hume Coll. 
A. Butler). 
c. S ad.sk. Aboo. 
Hume Cull, 
d. S ad. sk. Aboo. _ Capt Butlnr "Of. 
e~q, $ p ad.etjuT. Sambhur, March to Sept., Hume Coll. 
sk. Bee. (R. M. Adam). 


r. Jad.sk. Sambhur, April (It 31. Sab ia-Cx* idinan ColL 
Adam), 
s, t <3 ad. sk. Delhi, May. Hume Cull. 


u.v. 
6 ad. sk. Gurgaon District, Jan., April Hume ColL 
(fr. N. Chilly A. O.H.). 
w. <$ ad. sk. Agra, May. Hume Coll. 
x. 
<$ ad.sk. Umballah, Nov. (It. a Tweeddale C* di, 
Beavan). 
y, s, a'. <$ 2 ad. Bareilly, May. Hume Coll. 
sk. 
b'-e'l 6 $ ad. sk. Etawah. Hume Coll. 
/, 9% V. <J $ ad. Oudh, Feb., Dec. Hume Coil. 
sk. 
i'. <$ ad. sk. Oudh. Capt. Stackhou&e 
PinwiH "P."1. 
h% V. 6 $ ad. sk. Futtehgurh, May. Seebubm Coll. 
m'. (S ad. sk. Urrum, Feb. (A. Anderson). Hume Coll. 
ri. $ ad. sk. Mogul Serai, Jan. Hume ColL 


o\p\ q\ <$ ad. sk. Nepal. 
B.fH. Hodgson,Esq. | 

r'-z'. S ? ad. sk Nepal (B. H Hodgson). India iluseimiT.]. f 
jiypes of (Ena muncensis, itodgs.) 
""

y\ (S ad. sk. Darjeeling Terai,i, Dec
DecDec.. (Z. Hume ColL" 
Mandeik). 
%\ $ ad. sk. Darjeeling, Aug. (Z, Man-Seebohm Col. 
detti). 
a", V, o". $ ad. Bhotan Doars, Dec, Jan., Hume Coll. 
sk. Feb. (L. Mandelli). 
d". (S ad. sk. Maunbhoom, Jan. (M. C. Tweed&aie Coll. 
Beavan). 


e". <$ ad. sk. Baipur. Hume Coll. 
f'\ $ ad. sk. Saugor (Hooper). India Museum [PJ. 
g'\ & ad. sk. Kamptee. Dr. K. B. Hinde [P.], 
h"-l". <$$ ad. et Mhow, March, April, Oct., Colonel Swinkoe [P.]. 

S juv. sk. & Dec. 
m". <$ ad. sk. Khandeish, Oct. (J David-Hume Coll. 
son). 


5 . TTTBTTO. 4&9 
«", 0", p".<3 ? ad. Wadale, Nov., Dec. (S. B. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. Fairbank). 
qn-w". <$ $ ad. et Ahmednugger, June, Nov., Tweeddale ColL 

<J juv, sk. Dec. (S7J$. Fairhank). 
a?'9yr. 3% ad.sk. Madras. Gould Coll. 
z". Skeleton. India. Purchased. 

%. SPILOPELIA. „ 
Type. 
Spilopelia, Sunder. Metk not. Av. disjx Tent. p. 100 
(1872) T. chinensis. 

Range. Oriental Eegion and Malay Archipelago, eastwards as far 
as Amboyna. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Under tail-coverts grey; wing-coverts pale brown, 
unspotted chinensis, p. 439. 
b. Under tail-coverts white; wing-coverts with dark 
brown shaft-lines tigrinus, p. 440. 
c. Under tail-coverts white or white-grey; wing-
coverts with two reddish spots on the sides of 
the tip suratensis, p. 444 
24. Turtur chme&sis. 
Tourterelle grise de la Chine, Sonn. Toy. Ind. ii. p. 172, pi. 102 

(1782). 
Chinese grey Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 649, n. 42 (1783). 
Columba chinensis, Scop. Bel. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. p. 94, n. 90 

(1786). 
Columba risoria, var. 0, Gm. S. JV*. i. p. 787 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn, 

ii. p. 608 (1790). 
Columba tigrina, part., Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 317,481 (1813); 
Steph. Gen. ZooL xi. p. 78 (part.) (1819); Besm. Bid. So. Nat xl. 

p. 347 (part.) (1826); Wagl Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 96 (part.) 
(1827); Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 51 (part.) (1837); id. op. 
tit. 2nd ed. p. 283 (part.) (1838). 
Turtur chinensis, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 9 (part.) (1844); 
Bltjth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 875 (1845); id. Ann. §> Mag. N. IE. xix, 

p. 185 (1847); id. Cat B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 236, n. 1844 (1849); 
Bp. Consp. Av. H. p. 63 (1854); id. Corrupt Bend. xl. p. 17 (part.), p.19, 
n. 188 (part.) (1855); id. CouptfceilOrdre Big. pp. 30, 57, n. 183 
(part.) (1855); Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxiv. p. 263 (note), p. 480 (1855); 
Cass. Narr. Perry's Fxped. ii. p. 244 (1856); Swinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 62, 
1861, p. 49,1862, p. 261; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 72 (1862),ii. p. 174, 
Novit. Suppl. t. iii. f. 26 (1862) ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 306; id. 
Ibis, 1863, p. 397 (Formosa), 1865, p. 540; Wall Ibis, 1865, p. 391; 
id. J.f.O. 1866, p. 283; Swinh. Ibis, 1866, p. 292, 1867, p. 396, 
1870, p. 356 (Hainan); G. R. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 238, n. 9316 
(part.) (1870) ; Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 397; Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. 
Columke, p. 127 (1873); Garr. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 256; David $ 
Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 386 (1877); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 726 
(1877); Finsch, Ibis, 1880, p. 78 (Honolulu, introduced) ; Kelh. 
Ibis, 1881, p. 528; Sclater, Ibis, 1882, p. 435 ; Mull. J.f. 0.1882, 
p. 432; Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 453 (1883); Seebh. Ibis, 
440 
PEBISIEBIDiE. 

1884, p. 266; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 38 (1889); Sartl Abh. not. 
Ver. Brem. xi. p. 406 (Extr. p. 14) (1890) (China); Styan, Ibis, 
1891, pp. 328, 498 (China). 

Turtur tigrinus, Eartl {nee auct.) Syst. Verz. p. 99 (1844) {fide 
Finsch).
Turtur sinensis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxiv. p. 480 (1835), 
Spilopelia chinensis, Sundev. Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 100 
(1872). 

Adult male. Head grey, paler on the forehead: occiput tinged 

•with vinous; nape black, with white spots at the tip of the 
feathers; tipper parts pale brown; outermost wing-coverts lead-
grey; underparts rich vinous, lighter on the chin and on the 
abdomen; inner under wing-coverts almost black; sides, marginal 
under wing-coverts, axillaries, and under tail-coverts grey ; three 
outer tail-feathers black, broadly tipped with white, next feather 
black, tipped with grey, two central feathers uniform brown, next 
pair darker brown, almost black, with the base greyibh : *fi iris 
orange-red; bill brown; feet rose v (David). Total length about 
13 inches, wing 6*2, tail 0, bill 0*8, tarsus 0-05. 
Female. Like the male: " iris yellow " (David). 

Young. Paler and duller; no black patch and no white ^pots on 
the hind neck; scapulars, upper wing- covertb, and upper tail-
coverts with narrow pale edges. 


Hah. Eastern China from Canton to Shanghai; Formosa and 
Hainan. 


a. <$ad. sk. China. Seeb) »hm Coll. 
b, c, d. Ad. sk. Fokien, China. (fould Cull. 
e. Ad. sk. Chusan, China, Dec. Gould Coll. 
/ . J ad. sk. Is. Eantang, April. Mr*, luce ~P.~. 
g. 
<$ imm. sk. Shanghai, Jan. Shanghai " Museum 
rp.].. 
h. Ad. sk. Amoy. 
E. Swinhoe, Esq. 
i-m. Ad. etimni. Amoy, China, April, June, 
sk. July (B. SwinJioe). Seebohm Coll. 

n. Ad. sk. Amoy, China, Jan. (B. Sicinhoe). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
o. Juv. sk. Amoy, China, Sept. 
Gould Coll. 

p. Ad. sk. S.W. Formosa {B. SwinJioe). 
Hume Coll. 

q. Ad. sk. S.W. Formosa (B. SirinJwe). 
Seebohm Coll. 

r. Ad. sk. S.W. Formosa (B. SwinJioe). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

s. Ad. sk. Formosa, March (B. Swinhoe). 
Tweeddale Coll. 

t} u. Ad. et juv. Hainan. 

It. Swinhue,Esq.[C. ]. 

sk. 
vt% 
w. Ad. sk. Hainan, March {M. Swinhoe). Tweeddale Coll. 
a, y, z. Ad. sk. Hainan, Feb. {B. SwinJioe). Seebohm Coll. 

25. Jurtnr tigrinas. 
Columba tigrina, Temm. $ Knip, Big. i. pi. 43 (1808-11); Tmim. 
Big. et Gallin. i. pp. 317, 481 (syn. emend.) (1818) ; Vieill N. D. 

xxvi. p. 380 (1818) ,* Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 78 (part.) (1819) 
Eorsf. Trans. Linn. Soe. xiii p. 183 (1821); JDem. Diet. 8c. Nat. 
O . TITRTTJE. 
441 
xl. p. 347 (1326); Wagl. Syst. Av. Coluniba, sp. 96 (syn. emend.) 
(1827); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 473 (1831) ; id. Compl. de Buff., Ois. 
Till. p. 51 (part.) (1837); id. op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 283 (1838); S. 
Milll. Verk. Land-en Volkenk. p. 109 (1839-44); Schleg. JECandl 
Dierk. I. p. 404 (1857); Rosenb. Reist. naar Geeluinkb.^. 8 (1875); 
Gulliv. P. Z. S.1875, p. 489. 
? Columba turtur, var., Raffl. Tr. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 318 (1822) 

(Sumatra). 
Peristera suratensis, Bole (nee Gm.), Isis, 1828, p. 327. 
Colimibina inornata, G. R. Gr. List Gallince B. M. p. 13 (1844) 

(JUT.)-

Turtur cliinensls, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 9 (part.) (1844); 
Rchnb. Syn. Av. ff. 1301-02 (1847); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 63 
(part.) (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 17, 219, n. 183 (1855) ; 
id. Coup d'wil Ordre Pig. pp. 30, 57, n. 183 (1855); G. R. Gr. 
List B. Brit. Mas. ColumLte, p. 42 (part.) (1856); Wall, {nee 
Scop.) Ibis, 1860, p. 147; Pelz. Xovar. Reis., Tog. p. 108 (1865); 

G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 2o8, n. 9316 (part.) (1870); Soma, Mus. 
Kac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 16 (1873). 
Columba cliinensls, Thienem. (nee Scop.) FortpA p. 59, t. xi. £ 6 
(eeg)(1840). F 
Turtur suratensis (part.), Blyth, J A. S. B. xv. p. 372 (1846); id. 
Ann. c$* Mag. N. S. xix. p. 184 (1847); Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, 
pp. 150, 151; G. R. Gr.P. Z. S. 1860, p. 361; Schomb. Ibis, 
lb04, p. 252 (Siam). 

Turtur tirrrinus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxiv. pp. 203 (note), 480 (1855) ; 
Moore^ P. Z. S. 1859, p. 407; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 72, t. 246. 
ft. 1361-02 (1862), ii. p. 174 (1802); Sclut. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 221; 
Blyth, Mouatfs App. p. 362 (1863); Wall J. f. 0. 1865, p. 283 ; 
Swinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 292 (Siam); Blyth, Ibis,'lS67, p. 150; Beav. 
Ibis, 1868, p. 376 ; Blanf. Ibis, 1870, p. 469 (Tliavet-myo); Blyth, 

J. A. S. B. xxxix. pt. 2, p. 332 (1870); Ball, Str. Feath. i. p. 80 
(1872); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Coluinb»,p. 127 (1873); Blyth $ Wold. 
B. of Burm. p. 145 (1875); Brugqem. Abh.naturxo. Ver.Brem. v. 
p. 87 (1876); Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1876, p. 720; Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 728 (1877); Oates, Str. Feath. v. p. 164 (1877); 
Anders. Yunn. Exped. p. 66o (1878); Hume <$• Dams. Str. Feath. 
vi. p. 422 (1878); Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 110 (1879); Rosenb. 
Malay. Archil), p. 407 H879); Bingh. Str. Feath. ix. p. 194 
(1880); Kelh. Ibis, 1881, p. 528 (Malacca); Bock, Bis, 1882, 
p. 475 (Sumatra); Mull J.f. 0. 1882, pp. 431, 432 (Salanga) ; 
Salt. Cat. B. Striekl Coll p. 545 (1882); Oates, Str. Feath. x. 
p. 235 (1882); id. B. Burm. ii. p. 290 (1883); Snettem. Sum.-Exp., 
Vogels, p. 48 (1884); Vorderm. N. T. N. I. xliv. p. 228 (1884), 
xlv.p.404 (1885) ; Mull. J.f. 0.1885, p. 160 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 
xi. p. 299 (1888) (N.E. Cacbar); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (1889) ; 
Hartert, J.f 0. 1889, p. 376 (Sumatra). 
Metriopelia 
inornata, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 76 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend. xl. pp. 24, 220, n. 225 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. 
pp. 40, 58, n. 225 (1855); Burm. Syst. TIeb. Th. Bras., Vb'g. ii. 

p. 301 (1856). 
MelopeEa inornata, Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. pp. 945, 949 (1856). 
Peristera inornata, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 53 
(1856); Pelz. Orn. Bras, pp.278 (note), 451 (1871). 
Metriopeleia inornata, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 18 (1862): G. R. Gr. 
Band-list, ii. p. 242, n. 9371 (1870). 
Turtur tigrina, Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 486; id. Ibis, 1865, p. 391; 


PEBISEBRHXaJ. 

Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 178 (1865): Wald. Tr. ZooL Soc. vii. p. 85 
(1872); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 381 (X. Borneo) : Sums, Sir. Feath. 

i. p. 461 (1873) ; id. Nests £ Eggs, p. 306 (1873 j ; id. Str, 
Feath. ii. pp. 269, 481 (1874)? ill. pp. 14, 164 (1875;: Armstr. 
Str. Feath. iv. p. 337 (1876); Hu/ne, Str. Feath. IT. p. 424 (note) 
(1876); Anders. Yunn. Exped. p. 6&J (1878): Meyer, Ibis. 1&79, 
p. 187; ? Tiraud, Bull. Com. Ayr. et Lid. CoehmcL (3) i. p. 142, 
n. 255 (1879): Sharpe, Ibis, lb8S, p. 203 (Palawan): WMteh. Ibis, 
1890, p. o7. 
? Turtur surateiibis, U&,1864, p.252 (Siam) : Sinnft.Ibk, l&6t>, p:292, 
Spilopelia tigrina, Sundev. Meth. not. Av. dkp. Tent. p. 100 (1872): 

Salvad. Cat. Ucc. Bom. p. 296 (1S74): id. A/in. Mus. Ck\ Gen. 

vii. p. 673 (1875), ix. p. 205, n. 70 (lb70): Tweedd. Ibis, lb77, 
p. 322 (Lampong): Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 247 
(1879); Sharpe, >.'Z. S. 1881, p. 799 (Sandakan) ; Meyer, Verk. 
z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, pp, 766 (Sumbaj, 769 (Wetter), 772 (Daweloor) 
j Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol Hi. p. 151 (18S2j ; Bias. J.f.O. 
1883, p. 139 (Celebes); Merger, Zeitsehr. f. ge^ Orn. I. pp. 195, 
215 (Timor4aut) (1884;; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 510 (Suiabawa) 
(var. with light yellow iris), p. 5*s (Menado and Talkse 
Island, iris brown); Bilttik. Not. Leyd. Mm. ix. p. 70 (16^6;; 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 490 (IHlOj: J'orderm. 
N. T. N. I xlix. p. 413 (1889), 1. p. 50* (IfcflOj: Salrad. Mem. 
B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 63 (Agg. Orn. Fap. e Mol p. 189) 
(1891); Vorderm. K. T. N. 1.11. pp. 401, 422 (]feft>). 
Chamsepelia inornata, Gieb. Tkes. Orn. i. p. 634 (1872). 
Turtur striatus (errore), Schleg. Mus. JP.-B. Columbus, p. 127 (1873). 

Adult. Head vinous grey, greyer on the forehead and cheeks; 
lores black: nape black, with two white spots at the tip of the 
furcated feathers; upper parts pale brown, the feathers with paler 
edges and dark mesial stripes, especially the scapulars and upper 
wing-coverts: outermost wing-coverts grey; underparts rich vinous, 
lighter on the chin and on the abdomen, the lower part of the 
latter white with a slight buff tinge; under tail-coverts white; 
quills brown with lighter edges; marginal under wing-coverts 
grey, the inner ones very dark grey, almost black; three outer tail-
feathers black, broadly tipped with white; next pair Hack, tipped 
with grey; two central feathers uniform brown, next pair dark 
brown, with a subterminal broad black band : " iris reddish pearl; 
bill black; feet pinkish " ( Wallace). Total length about 11 inches, 
wing 5-6, tail 5-5, bill 0*7, tarsus 1. 

Female. Similar to the male, only slightly smaller. 
Young. More rufescent above and beneath ; feathers of the hind 
neck of a pale brown, with greyish edges. 
Specimens from Sunda Islands, and especially from Java, Lombock, 
and Timor, are larger (wing 5*9 inches). 
Hob. Burma, Malay Peninsula, Sunda Islands as far south as 
Timor, and the Moluccas, where most likely it is found only during 

winter. 
a. <3 ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk. 
Elephant Point, Dec. (J. Armstrong). 
Borongho Is., Akyab, March(J. Armstrong). 
Hume CoIL 
Hume Coll. 

5 . TTJETTJE. 443 
c. d ad. sk. 
d. S ad.sk. 
e. 3 ad. sk. 
fig.h. 6 2 ad. 
et <5 juv. sk. 
I J ad.'sk. 
A;. S ad.sk. 

Z. Ad. sk. 
m. <$ ad. sk 
«. Ad. sk. 

o. Imm. sk. 
p. Ad. bk. 
j . Ad„ >\. 
r. Ad. sk. 
s. $ ad. sk. 
*, a, v. ? ad. <k. 

m <£ ad. sk. 
ar,y,». d $ ad. 

sk. 
af. <? ad. <k. 
5'. Ad. sk. 
c', d'. 6 ad. et $ 

]uv. sk. 
e'4". J $ acl. sk. 

h\ 2 ^ . sk. 

V. ? ad. sk. 
m'. Ad. sk. 

«', o'. $ ad. sk. 

p\ 6 ad. sk. 
#'. c? ad. sk. 
r', s'. <$ 2 ad. sk. 

t\ ? ad. sk. 

u'-g'. <$ $ ad. 

sk. 
s'. Ad. sk. 
A", b", c". d $ 

ad. sk. 
<?V'- cT? ad. 
et imm. sk. 
h". S ad. sk. 
i". Ad. sk. 

*", r. d ? ad. 

sk 
m'>'>".Ad.et 
juv. sk. 

CMna Bakeer, Dec. (J". Armstrong). 
Xvouk Phyou, April (J. Armstrong) 
. 
Deserter's Creek, Jan. (J. Armstrong). 
Lower J?egu, Jan. to March. 

Thayetmyo, Sept. (JR. G. W.R.). 
Tkayetrnyo, Aug. 
Tonghoo. 
Youk-tha-wa, near Tonghoo, 


Jan. (R. G. W. R.). 
Yay-tho,June(JR. G. W. R.). 
Pan^ee, Kachin Hills, -March. 
Bhamo, Feb, 
Upper Burmah, Jan. 
Sandu, July. 
Pahpoon, Salween, Jan. (W. 

Davison). 

Pahpoon, Salween, Jan., Oct., 

Dec. (W. Davison). 
Kollidoo, Jan. (W. Davison). 
Kyouknyat, Jan., Feb. (W. 

Davison). 
Moulniein, Dec. (W. Davison). 
Moulniein,>Sept. (JR. C.Beavan). 
Iloungthraw, Feb. (W. Lim


lorg). 
Amherst, Jan., July, Dec. (W. 

Davison). 
Amherst, Jan. (W. Davison). 
Skymootee, Tavoy, May (W. 

Davison). 

Mouth of Tavoy P., Jan. (J". 

Darling), 
Tavoy, April, May (If. Davi


son). 
Weppitan, Dec. (J. Darling). 
Mergui, Nov. (W. Davison). 
Uhheetherrpone, Tenasserim 

B., Nov. (W* Davison). 
Tenas&erim Town, Nov. (W. 
Davison). 

Bankasoon, Feb., May, Dec. 

(W. Davison). 
Saigon, Cochin China. 
Kossooni, May, July (J. Darling). 
Salang, March (J. Darling). 

Taroar, Feb. (J. Darling).
Penang (Cantor).
Klang, May, June (W. Davi


son). 
Malacca (Cantor),

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

E. W. Oates, Esq. 
[C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale CoU. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale CoU. 
Dr. J. Anderson [C. 
Dr. J. Anderson [C.^ 
Dr. J, Anderson [C.1. 
Dr. J. Anderson [C.J, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 


Tweeddale CoU. 


Hume Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume CoU. 

Hume CoU. 

Hume CoU. 

M. St. Piene [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume CoU. 


 Hume CoU. 
India Museum [P.], 
Hume CoU. 


 India Museum [P.]. 


444 

p". $ ad. sk. 

q", r". <$ ad. sk. 

s",t",u". Ad. et 

juv. sk. 
v"\ w", x'\ <$ $ 
ad. sk. 
y". 2

 ac^ sk« 

z". $ ad. sk. 

d\ bz. cS ad. sk. 

/;\ Ad. sk. 

d'\ JUT. sk. 

e\ Ad. sk. 

f. 
Ad. sk. 
cf. $ ad. sk. 
X3, i3. <$ ad. sk. 
h\ Ad. sk. 
P, mz. $ ad. et 
imm. sk. 
w3, o3,pz. Ad. sk. 
q\
j 
Ad. sk. 

r. Ad. sk. 
sz. Ad. sk. 
£3, «3, v3. c? ad. et 
ad. sk. 
2#:i. Ad. sk. 
x\ Ad. sk. 
y3. cJ ad. sk 

%\ Ad. sk, 

a\ Ad. sk. 

fl1. Ad. sk. 

cK $ ad. sk. 

dK $ ad. sk. 

6l. Juv. sk. 

f, </. Skeletons. 

PERISTEBIDJB. 

Malacca. 
Malacca, Aug. (J?. <?. W. &). 
Malacca, July, Aug. 


Singapore, Sept. ( W. Davison).


Acheen, Sumatra, Jan. (IF. 


Davison). 

Sidjoendjoeng, Sumatra, Oct. 

(Carl Bock). 

Sidjoendjoeng, Sumatra, Sept. 

(Carl Bock). 
Lanipong, S.E. Sumatra [B. 

C. Buxton). 
Billiton. 

N.W. Borneo. 
Borneo. 
Mar up, Borneo (A. Everett). 
Java. 
W. Java. 
Lombock (Wallace). 
Mores. 
Flores (' Wallace). 
Flores (Wallace). 
Solor Is. 


E. Timor. 
Timor. 
Celebes. 
Gorontalo, Celebes, May 


(Rosenberg). 

Makassar, Celebes. 
Menado, N. Celebes. 

N. Celebes. 
Temate. 
Ternate, March {Bernstein). 
[Brazil.] 
Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

 Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

Tweeddale ColL 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Hugh Low, Esq. "OJ. 
Purchased. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale ColL 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould Coll. 

Wallace Coll. 
Seebolim Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Wallace Coll. 
Wallace ColL 

Wallace Coll. 
Tweeddale ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Wallace ColL 
Wallace Coll. 
Wallace ColL 
Wallace ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould ColL 

(Type of Columbina inornata, Gray.) 
Purchased. 

26. Turtur suratensis. 
Tourterelle de Surate, Sonner. Yoy. Ind. ii. p. 179 (1782). 

Surate Turtle, Lath. 8yn. ii. 2, p. 652, n. 46 (1783). 
Columba suratensis, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 778, n. 48 (1768); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. ii. p. 609, n. 55 (1790) ; Bonn. Toll JBnc. MiiL i. p. 236 
(excl. var.) (1790); Vieill N. D. xxvi. p; 382 (1818). 
Columba tigrina, part., Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 317, 481 (1813); 
8teph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 78 (part.) (1819); Demi. Diet. Sc. Wat. 

xl. p. 347 (part.) (1826); Frank*. P. Z. S. 1831, p. 122; Sijkes, 
P. Z. S. 1832, p. 150 ; Less. CompL de Buff., Ok. viii. p. 51 (part.) 
(1837); id. op: cit. 2nd ed. p. 283 (part.) (1838). 
Turtur vitticollis, Eodgs. in Gray's Zool Misc. p. 85, n. 96 (1844) 
(descr. nullah 
Turtur suratensis, Strickl P. Z. S. 1842, p. 168; Blyth, J. A. S. B. 

xiv. 2, p. 874 (part.) (1845) 5 id. Ann. $ Mag. 'Nat Mist six. 
5. TTJETtHR. 445 
p. 184 (part.) (1847) ; id Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 286, n. 1435 
(1849); Kelaart, Prodr. Cat. p. 130 (1852); Layard, Ann. $Mag< 
K. H. (2) xiv. p. 60 (1854); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 63 (part.) 
(1854): id. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 17 (part.), p. 219, n. 184 (1855); 
id. Coup dttil Ordre Pig. pp. 31, 57, n. 184 (1855); Bb/th, 
J A. & B. xxiv. p. 263 (note) (1855); Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, 
p. 498 (Deccan and Lower Himalayan Eansres) ; Bcknb. Tauben, 
i. p. 72, t. 246. f. 1363, t. 253 5/ff. 3373-74 (1862), ii. p. 174 
(1862); Jerd. B. of hid. iii. p. 479 (1864); Beav. P.Z. S. 1865, 
p. 691: Pit. Xocar. Meis,, Vdg. p. 108 (1865); Wall Ibis, 1865, 
p. 391; id. J.f O. 1866, p. 283; Blyth, Ite,1867,p. 150; Tytler, 
Ibis, l&lh, p. 203 ; Feb. Ibis, 1668, p. 320; Beav. Ibis, 1868, p. 376; 
Hume, Ibis, 1669, p. 19; Bulger, Ibis, 1869, p. 169; G. JR. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 238, n. 9315 (1870); Eoldsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 467; 
Lloyd. Ibis, 1873, p. 414; Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 129 
(1873): Svusa, Mus. Kac. Lisb. Columbae, p. 16 (1873) ; Adam, Sfr. 
Featk. i. p. 390 (1873); Ball, Sir. Feath. ii. p. 425 (1874); Legge, 
Ibis, 1874, p. 26,1875, p. 275 ; Bey, J. f 0. 1875, p. 291 (egg); 
Hume, Nests 4" Hggs, p. 504 (1875); Butl. §* Hume, Str. Feath 
IT. p. 3 (1876); Fairb. Str. Featk. iv. p. 262 (1876), v. p. 409 
(1877); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 728 (1877); Ball, Str. Feath. vii. 
p. 224 (1878); Cripps, Str. Featk. yii. p. 297 (1878) ; Hume, Str. 
Feath. viii.p.110 (1879); Legge, B. ofCeyl p. 705 (1880); Bidd. 
Ms, 1881, p. 92 (Gilgit); Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 585 (Gilgit); Bidd. 
Ibis, 1882, p. 286; Sate. Cat. B. Strichl Coll. p. 545 (1882); Mull 
J.f 0.1882, p. 432; Selat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 452 (1883); 
Park. Ibis, lb83, p. 194 (Ceylon); Marsh. Ibis, 1884, p. 421 
(Cliamba); Swinh. 4" Barn. Ibis, 1865, p. 130 ; Hume, Str. Feath. 
xL p. 298 (1888); Harfert, J.f 0.1889, p. 433 (Assam); Tristr. 
Cat Coll B. p. 39 (1889); Oates's ed. Hume, Nests 8? Eggs Ind. B. 
ii. p* 353 (IbOO); Hem. §• Rchiio. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. 
p. 277 (1890); Hartert, Eat. Vogehamml p. 188 (1891); Sharpe, 
He. Mes. See. York. Miss., Aves} p. 119 (1891). 
Turtur chinensi^ part., G. P. Gr. List Galium B. M. p. 13 (1844) -7 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 9 (1844); id. List B. Brit. Mus. Coltmibae, 

p. 42 (part.) (1856). 
Tartar cevlonensife, Behib. Syn. Av. Colunibarise, Novit. t. 253 b» 
ff. 3373-74 (1851); G. B. Gr. List B. Brit Mus. Columbae, p. 43 
(1856). 

? Turtur ehinen^j juv., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 63 (1854). 
Spilopelia surateiisis, Sunder. Meth. ?iat Av. Tent p. 100 (1872). 
Turtiu eeylanensis, Sehleg. Mus. P.-B. Colunike, p. 129 (1873). 

Adult. Head pale vinaceous, greyish on the forehead; feathers 
of the nape and sides of the neck bifurcated, black, each with two 
whitish spots ; upper parts brown, each feather of the upper back 
and scapulars with two pale vinous isabelline terminal spots, enlarging 
and spreading upon each side of the feather, upon the wing-
coverts, the blackish contracting to a central streak ; sides of the 
lower back and ramp tinged with lead-colour; lower parts vinous, 
albescent on the throat, and passing into white on the vent and under 
tail-coverts ; edge of the wing, with the anterior wing-coverts, grey ; 
quills brown, the secondaries with a greyish tinge on the outer 
web; marginal under wing-coverts grey, the inner ones alrno&t 
black ; tail with the two central pairs of feathers brown, the next 

446 
PEKISTERIDJE. 

pair greyish, brown, the third and fourth pairs grey, with a blackish 
band about the middle and whitish tips; the outer two pairs black, 
with the apical half white, tinged with grey on the fifth pair: " bill 
dull leaden black ; irides dark hazel, surrounded by a reddish 
ring(?); legs dark purplish red" (Jerdon). Total length about 
11 inches, wing 5*5, tail 5-5, bill 055, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Somewhat smaller. 

Young. Duller and paler; no black and no white spots on the 
hind neck; the spots of the back and upper wing-coverts rufescent, 
with no vinous tinge. 

The Ceylon bird is somewhat smaller than the Indian one (wing 
about 5 inches), but otherwise is not different. 
Hah. Yarkand, Afghanistan, Cashmere, through the Himalayas 
to Assam and Munipur, the whole of India, and Ceylon. 

€i. Ad. sk. Leh; Yarkand, Sept. (F. India Museum [P.], 
StoliczJca). 
b, c. Ad. sk. Afghanistan {Griffiths). India Museum HP.]. 

d. Ad. sk. Pushut (Griffiths). India Museum [P.j. 
e. Ad. sk. Murree. 
Colonel Way [P.]. 
/. 
$ ad. sk. Agrore, April (W. H. Hume Coll. 
Tfnwin). 


g. 
Juv. sk. Boonji, 4500 feet, Oct. J. Biddulph, Esq, 
[C.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Gilgit, Feb. (J. Biddulph). Hume Coll. 
i. S 
ad. sk. Gilgit, March. J. Biddulph, Esq. 
[C.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Koteghur. 
Hume Coll. 
l-p. 
<$ ? ad. sk. Simla, Sept., Oct. (W. Davi- Hume Coll. 
son), 


q. Ad. sk. Simla, July (R. C. Beavan). Tweeddale Coll. 
r, s. $ ad. etjuv. Umballah, Nov. (R. C. Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. Beavari). 
t Ad. sk. Kaladoongee. Hume Coll. 


u. $ ad. sk. Almorah, Aug. Hume Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. Kumaon (Strachey). India Museum [P.]. 
w. Ad. sk. Deo Dhoura, Oct. Hume Coll. 
x. $ ad. sk. Gurgaon District, Feb. (W. Hume Coll. 
N. Chill), 
y. $ ad. sk. Gurgaon District, Dec. (W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
N. Chill). 
z. 
$ ad.sk. Delhi, March (C. T. Bing- Hume Coll. 
ham). 
a', V. S $ ad. sk. Samhhur, July (R. M. Hume Coll. 
Adam). 
«', d'. Ad. sk. Oudh. Capt. Stackhouse 
Pinwill [P.l 
e'. Ad. sk. Oudh., Hume CoU. * 
/' . o* ad. sk. Futtehgurh, Aug. (A. An- Seebohm OolL 
dersori). 
g'~m\sk, Ad. et juv. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, 

??^IP-]


w'-r'. Ad. sk. Nepal (B. JET. Hodgson). IndfaliuseumpP.]. } 
(Types of T. vitticoUis, Hodgs.) 

V, t'. <$ ad. et $ 
juv. sk. 
«'. $ ad. sk 

v'. $ ad. sk. 

w'. Ad. sk. 

x\ y'. Ad. sk. 
z'-e". <$ ad. etjuv. 

sk. 
/". Ad. sk. 
g1', h". Ad. sk. 
i'1. Ad.sk. 

#', Z". Ad. sk. 
m". 2 a&« sk. 


rc". Ad. sk. 

o"9jp". <$ ? ad.sk. 

q". tf ad. sk. 

r". $ ad. sk. 

«", t". & J ad. sk. 

u",v",w" <S2 ad. 
sk. 
a?" $ ad. sk. 
y". Ad. sk. 
z'T. <5 ad. sk. 
a3. <S ad. sk. 
Z>3, c3. $ ad. sk. 
dP, ez. Ad. sk. 

/», /. S ad. sk. 
A3. Ad. sk. 


i3 

? fc\ <S $ ad sk. 

23. J ad. sk. 
m% ^3. <$ $ ad. sk. 

o3. § ad. sk. 

p*. (S ad. sk. 
q\ Ad. sk. 
r3. Imm. sk. 
s% U3. Ad. sk. 


v?. <$ ad. sk. 
w3. 2 ad. sk. 


#3, tf ad. sk. 

5 . XtTETXTE. 
Nepal Valley, April, July 

(J". Scully), 
Nepal Valley, Feb. {J. 
Scully). 
Katmandu, March. (J. 
Scully). 
Native Sikkini, April (L. 

Mandelli). 
Sikhim (L. Mandelli). 
Sikhim, April, Sept.-Nov. 

(X. Mandelli), 
Darjeeling. 
Bootan (Monteiro). 
Bhotan Doars, Feb. (L. 
Mandelli). 
Assam (McClelland). 
Dollak, Assam, May (J. 

Oochbwn). 

Tippook, nr. Suddya, Assam, 
April (J. Cochburn). 
Bibrughur, March, July 


{J. B. Cripps). 
N. Kkasia Hills, Feb. (A. 
W. Chennell). 
Base of Khasia Hills, Feb. 

(A. W. Chennell). 
Oachar, Jan., April (A. 0. 
JET. $* J. Inglis). 
Sylhet, Jan. {A. 0. H.). 


Munipur, May (A. 0. H.). 
Dacca. 
Calcutta, Aug. 
Raipur, Jan. 
Saxigor, Jan. 
Kamptee. 


Mhow, Oct. 
Kbandeisk. 
Elliandeisli, April, Dec. (/. 


Davidson). 
Nandurbar, Dec. (J. Davidson). 


Mahableshwar, April, May 

(J. B. Fairbank), 
Ahmednugger, July (8. B. 
Fairbank). 
Khandala, March (& B. 
Fairbank). 
Deccan (Syhes). 
Madras. 
Madras. 


Mysore, April {B. G. W. 22.). 
Ootacamund, Nilghiris, Aug. 

(B. <9. W. B.). 
Coonoor,Oct. (WDamson). 
II. 
Seebolim, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Seebohm Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Indian Museum [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 


India Museum. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Dr. R. B. Jffinde 


Col. Swinhoe [P.]. 


Tweeddale Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Hume Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 


India Museum [P.l 


India Museum [P.J. 

Bev. H. H. Baber 

[P.]. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvm-G-odman Coll. 

448 PEKISTEMBiE. 
f. $ ad. sk.
z3 , a\ Ad. et $ 
Coonoor? March (F. Dai/). 
Coonoor Ghat, April fJJ. 0 . 
Hume Coll. 
Tweed«lal* G 11. 
juv. sk.
b\ S ad. sk.
c\ $ ad.sk.
<Z4 . c? ad. sk. 
¥\M>) 
• Burliar Bridge. Sept. 
Vurralee. Aug. 
Lower Palani Hills, Jime 
Hame C h 
Hume O II. 
Hum*- d .1. 
eK Ad. sk.
/ 4 . Ad. sk.
g\ Ad. sk.
h\ Ad. sk.
il . Ad. sk.
A1, /'. Ad. sk.
w*, nK Ad. sk.
(& 5 . Fnirlank). 
Malabar Cuabt. 
Malabar Coast. 
Travancore, June. 
Anjanso, Tra^aLCOie, Dec. 
Cevlon" 
Ceylon {H. XfrilT). 
Near Ne-w ara Ellia. 
Tro-dMal C 11. 
Sah in-f ;> diidr € 
Hum* C< II. 
Hmuj (fi V 
CJ I^L . < T 
Tw* filial-I "i 11. 
Mr. II. J J ** V 
oK Ad. sk.
# \ cP ad. sk.
#4. Ad. sk. 
Kandy, CVyluii (A. Tlltyte), 
Villadoora, Ceylon, April(6'. CJuq>maM\. 
Danibokke, Ceylon, July. 
&ihin-< r U*J ii C«, 
Tw*«etMn^ C* II 
Tw^dtlal*' I* ill 

€. STIGMATOPELU. 

Stigmatopelia, £aw<£. 3/«tf#. wdtf. ^(r. dmp. Ttmi. •** 
p.' 100 (1872) T. *• u* /»1» m * 

Range. Africa, Turkey, and Western Asia as far ii-ti^t A% V* iifral 
India. 

Key 
to the Sjtecifs. 

a. 
Upper parts more oriels reddiA: rump bluLsh-* 
lead colour anifakn*t\ p. 14** 
b. 
Upper parts pale eartby brown; rump aewr 
Bluish, but uniform with the back ....... . wtmtmwmi*i p. 451. 
27. Tnrttu seEegaleasis. 
Turtur gutture maculate senegako-iK J/n>#. Orw. i. p. l.*5T pi. illi 
f. 3(1700). 
I M 
Columba senegalensiSj Ziww, & X i. p. 2N% a. L'f> fl7fff»i {# ^ /;, *W, , 
6-Vw. & A", i. p. 782, n. 20 (17«fy; Lath. Imt Orn. Ii it, t JH i »*J 
(1700); JJW L TVaW. Ene. Mitfr. i p. 21il|!7ffj^ />*«. 7 A if Orj« 

p. 473 (l&Jl); BrJIe, J. f. O. 3^7, p. S*)2 < Finrtt*irut t*u t \m *rie^
s); Sundev. K. Si\ Vet.-AL. IlttndL M57, p. "4. 
Tourterelle a gorge tachettfe du fcs^n%al, JA#» //wf. Jfe /lik ii 

p. 552 (1771). 
Columba testaceo-incaraata, Forsk. Icon, rer. rat. At, o, 5,11, 15 
(1770). ! f 
Senegal Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 055, n. 53 (17^1|; Buhtt* Lath. 

TJebers. ii. p. 630. 
Columba turtur. Tar. € (part.), Orn. S. AT i. p. 788 (178H). 
Columba aegyptiaca, Xr/f^. Jw<7. Or«. ii. p. 607, n. Ill |17I^I| i# 
Fonhal) • i?orm. T«W. J&w. Jl/^f/i. p. 257 (1790); 2W#IM. 1%, #/ 

fe//m. i. p. 461 (1813): Fwitf. N. IX xxvi. p. t'TO (181*); .VmA 

(?««. 
^oo/. xi. p. 8 (1819); Demi. Did, 8c» Nat xl p. tf?U ^B) • 

O. TUETUE. 449 
r v. d. Muhle, Beiir. Orn. Griechenl. p. 83 (1844); Schleg. Bev 
Cnt. pp. lxxivy &3 (part.) (1844); Des Murs in Zefebvres Toy 
Abyss, p. 140 (1845); :- Zinderm. Vog. Griechenl p. 121 (1860) ; 
Sehleg. Vog. van SederL p. 363 (1863) ; Erilp. $ Hartl. Grieeh. 
Jahre&L Heft ill. p. 259 (1875) (Greece). 

Egyptian Pfoeon, Lath. Syn. >Atppt:'ii. p. 270. sp. 3 (1802). 

Tourtereile mailiee, ZevailL Oh. (TAfr. vi. p.'82, pi. 270 (1808). 

Columba canibayensis, Knip §• Temm. Tig. i. fain, seconde, p. 100 

(part.}, pi. 45(1808-11); Savigmj, Descr. de VEgypte, pi. 5. f. 9 
(1810); Bedtsf.Zath. Vebers. iy. p. 38D (part.) (1811); Temm. 
Pig. ef Gallia, i. pp. 339, 482 (part.) (1813); Vieill. N. D. XXT. 
p.:jfcl I part | |1818); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 79 (1819); Desm. 
Met. Se. Xaf. xL p. 351 (1&26); Biipp. Keue Wirbelth., Vog.^p. 67 
(1835) (NuV, Abyssinia); Ckapm. Trav, S. Afr. ii. p. 411 (1868) 
(I)amarat. 

Culombp f^yptiennp, Temm. Pig. ei Gallin. i, p. 370 (1813). 
Columba maculicolli-, Wagl Si/st. Av. Columba, sp. 97 (part.) 
(1827). F ^ 
? Columba atra, W>M f Jfer^i. On?. Cfcmew. p. 28 (1840): Koenig, 

/./; o. i^p.312. 

Tartar ^wzahmM^ Bp. Ucc. Eur. p. *r2 (1842); G. It. Gr. Zist 
Gallim Brit 31m. p. 13 (1844); id. Gen. B. ii. p. 472, n. 8 
(l«44j: Ifop/i. 8y*t. Uebers. p. 100 (1846); Blyth, J. A. S. 
IL xi?. y. 873 (part.) (1*45); M. .4ww. £ J% . N. H. xix. p. 183 
(part.) (IM7); 2&///*&. tfy*. .4I\ if. 1375-76 (1847); Hart?. 

J.f.O. K47 p. 207; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 62 (1854); id. 
Compt. Head. xl. pp. 17, 219, n. 181 (1855); id. Coup aVceil Ordre 
l*Uf. pp. 30, 57, xu 181 (1855); Hevyl. Syst. Uehers. n. 515 
(1855); id. Peferm. Mittheil. 18151, p. 26; <?. JR. Gr. Zist B. 
Brit. Mm. (Mumble, p. 43 (part.) (1850); Marti. Orn. W.-Afr. 
p. If 15 |1857); 7V#y/. i&w, 1859, p. 50 (Egypt); Heugl. Au., 
185ft, p. 343 (CoEweir, Sawakim); Hartl J. "f. O. 1861, p. 206; 
liehnk Tauhen,i. p. 71, t. 248,fit. 1375-76 (1862), ii. p. 174 (1862); 
Hartm. J.f. 0.1803, p.468; .dtotfw. Cat j>*>r. £fcc. p. 91 (1864); 
Adamite Ihi*, 1864, p. 27 (Egypt, Xnbia); id. J.f.O. 1864, p. 451; 
Allen, 27/M, 18H4, p. 239; A7r&, J0&, 1864, p. 330 (Zambesi); 
Trixtr. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 448 (Palestine): Tayl. Ibis, 1867, p. 67 ; 
Latfard, B. X. Afr. p. 261 (1867); Deal. § Gerbe, Orn. Bur. ii. 
p. 10 llHtfT): Gum. Ibis, 1868, p. 47 (Natal); Tristr. Ibis, 1868, 
p. 210 (Palestine); Sclat. P. Z. & 1869, p. 627; G. B. Gr. Hand-
list, ii. p. 238, n. 9317 (1870); Finsch # Hartl. Vog. Ostafr. p. 551 
(!b70); Fimeh f Jesse, Tr. Zool. Soc. vii. p. 290 (1870); Blanf. 
OeoL ,V %»A. Ah\m. p. 411 (1870); Tacz. J. f. O. 1870, p. 51 
(Constantino); Ueugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. i. 2, p. 841 (1871); At/res, 
Ibi*. 1871, p. 261 (Tranbvaal); Gum. in Anders. B. Bamara-Zand, 
p. 232 (1872); Sharpe7 Ibis, 1872, p. 73 (Fantee); Shell. $ Buckl. 
Ibis, 1872, p. 290 (Gold Coast); Rchnw. J. f. O. 1872, p. 891. 
1873, p. 213 (Accra); Sehleg. Mm. P.-B. Coluinbae, p. 119 (1873); 
Smtm9 Mm. Nae, Zkb. Oolumb», p. 16 (1873); Aniin. $ Salvad. 
Viaggio Bo*fw, p. 131 (1873) (Keren); Garr. P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 
639; IMtlw. J. f. O. 1874, p. 388 (Accra); Ussher, Ibis, 1874, 
p. 71 (Gold Coast); Dress. Ibis, 1876. p. 222; id. B. Eur. yii. p. 55 
(part), pi. mr> (1876); Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 728 (1877); Ayres, 
Ms, 1877, p. 348 (Transvaal): Cab. J.f. 0.1878, p. 243 (E. Africa); 
Fitch. $ Mehnw. J. f. O. 1878, pp. 250, 292 (MomLa*); Ayres, 
B» , 1881, p. 109; Bocage, Orn. Angola, p. 388 (1881); Sclat ^ 
VOL. XXI, ^ G


450 PEEISTEEID^J. 

JIa7-tl B.Z.S. 1881, p. 173 (Socotra); Eartl. torn, at v. 956 
(Socotra); Shell. Ibis, 1882, p. 359 (Mashoona); Salv. CatB. 
Strickl. ColL p. 545 (1882); Butl, Feild., Sf Beid, Zoologist, 1883, 

p. 388 (Natal); Shell Ibis, 1883, p. 315; Forbes, Ibis, 1883, 
pp. 508, 515, 518; SMI. Ibis, 1883, p. 560; Salmd. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. (2) i. p. 208 (1884) ; Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 453 
(1883); Fischer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1884, p. 377 (Massailand); 
Swinh. & Bam. Bis, 1885, p. 130; Fisch. J. f. O. 1885, p. 118 
(E. Afir.); Eartert, J. f. O. 1886, p. G04 (Niger) ; Bchnw. J.f.O. 
1887, p. 51: Koenig, J.f.O. 1888, pp. 131,250,253 ; Salvad. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 304 (1888); Koenig, J.f. 0.1890, p. 312 ; 
Brisay, Bull Soc. Acelim. 1889, p. 57 ; Tristr. Cat. Coll B. 
pp. 38, 39 (1889); Eein. § Bchnw. Nomencl Mus. Hein. Orn. 
p. 277 (1890); Tcnjl Ibis, 1891, p. 474; Eartert, Kat. Vogelsamml 
p. 188 (1891); Behmo. J.f.O. 1891, p. 143. 
Turtur mgyptiacus, Bp. Bev. Grit. Oi*n. Fur. p. 173 (1850) ; Eeugl 
Syst. Uebers. p. 514 (1855); Brehn,J.f. 0.1856, p. 396 ; Homey. 

J.f. 0. 1859, p. 361; Tristr. Ibis, 1859, p. 35 (Palestine); Salv. 
Ibis, 1859, p. 318 (E. Atlas); Eeugl. Ibis, 1859, p. 343; Tristr. 
Ibis, 1860, p. 69 (N. Africa) ; Eeugl J.f 0.1861, p. 197; Eartm. 
J. f O. 1863, pp. 232, 308, 309; Eeugl J. f. O. 1864, p. 264; 
Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 150; Shell Ibis, 1871, p. 143 (Egypt); 
Gum. Ibis, 1871, pp. 69, 295 (Algeria). 
Peristera senegalensis, C. L. Brehrn, Vogelf.-p. 2-57 (1855). 
Peristera rufescens, C. L. Brehrn, Vogelf p. 257 (1855). 
Peristera aegyptiaca, C. L. Brehrn, Vogelf p. 257 (1855). 
? Peristera pygmsea, C. L. Brehrn, Nat. u. Zucht d. Tatth. p. 56 


(1857). 
Turtur savignyii, Behnb. Tauben, i. p. 72 (1862). 
Turtur rufescens, Behnb. Tauben, ii. p. 173 (1862). 
? Turtur pygmaeus, Behnb. Tauben, ii. p. 173 (1862). 
Stigmatopelia senegalensis, Sundev. Meth. nat. Av. disjp. Te?it. p. 100 

(1872). 
Turtur segyptiaca, Cab. J.f O. 1878, p. 243 (Northern Africa). 

Adult male. Head, neck, and breast rich vinous, slightly paler on 
the chin and centre of the upper throat, and fading into white on 
the abdomen; vent and under tail-coverts white; a broad collar 
round the front and sides of the neck formed of black bifid feathers, 
broadly tipped with rusty colour; back and scapulars rusty vinous, 
with a greyish tinge; lower back, rump, upper wing-coverts, and 
secondaries lead-grey; upper tail-coverts greyish brown; some of 
the inner wing-coverts and tertials tinged with rusty colour; 
bastard-wing and primary-coverts black; primaries black, with 
narrow light edges, the inner ones tinged with grey ; under wing-
coverts, axillaries, and flanks grey; central tail-feathers brown-grey, 
the next two pairs leaden grey, the remainder slate-black at the 
base, then grey fading into white towards the end, the white increasing 
towards the outer feathers, which are edged with white 
on the outer web; tail below black at the base, white at the apical 
half: -uiris orange-red; bill dusky black, with a slight vinous 
shade; legs pinkish red " (Shelley). Total length about 11 inches, 
wing 5-5, tail 4*8, bill 0*55, tarsus 0*8. 

Female. Somewhat smaller and duller in colouring. 

5 . TTJETTJR. 
45 1 
Bab. The whole of the African continent, Socotra, the Canary 
Islands, and Palestine*; accidental in Greece? 

f f f sk- Senegal. 
L. Laglaize [0.1. 

h. Ad. sk. Dakar, Senegarabia {L.La- Tweeddale Coll. 
glaize). 
c, d. Ad. sk. Accra (Ussher). Shelley Coll. 

e. Ad. sk, Accra, Feb. (Buckley). Shelley Coll. 
/ . Ad. sk. Niger (W. A. Forbes). Shelley Coll. 
g. 
Ad. sk. Tschaddah, Niger. Dr. Balfour Bailde 
[P.]. 
h. Ad. sk. Cape of Good Hope. Shelley Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Kingwilliamstown. Capt. Trevelyan [P.]. 
k. Ad. sk. "Weenen, Natal, April. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I Ad. sk. Colenso, Nov. Capt. S. Reid Coll. 
m-p. tfad. etad. Zulu-land (Gordge). Shelley Coll. 
sk. 

q. 
Juv. sk. Rustenburg* F. A. Barratt, Esq. 
[P.]. 
r. Ad. sk. Rustenburg, Oct. (IT. Ayres). Gurney Coll. 
s. Ad. sk. Zambesi (Kirk). Tweeddale Coll. 
t. Ad. sk. Zambesi (Meller). Shelley Coll. 
u,v9w. Ad. etjuv. Tette. Dr. Livingstone's 
sk. Expedition. 
«,y.(? J ad. sk. Socotra, Feb., March. Prof. Balfour [0.1 
z-c'. <$ 5 ad. et $ Socotra, Feb., March (Bal- Shelley Coll. 

juv. sk. four). 
dr. S ad. sk. Koomayli, Abyssinia, June Tweeddale Coll. 
(Jesse). 
e'. 6 ad. sk. Dolo, Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, Esq. 
March. [C.]. 
/' . J ad. sk. Ailat, Samhar, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, Esq. 
June. [C.]. 
tf-k*. <$ $ ad. sk. Egypt, March, April (<?. Shelley Coll. 

E. JSX 
l'. 2 ad- sk. Phakta, Egypt, Dec. (Stqf- Tweeddale Coll. 
ford Allen), 
m'* Ad. sk. Palestine, Jan. (JET. B. Tris- Tweeddale Coll. 
tram). 
nf. Ad- sk. Palestine, Jan. (H. B. Tris- Salvin-GodmanColl. 
tram). 
o\ 5 ad. sk. Palestine, Jan. (M. B. Tris- Seebohm Coll. 
tram). 
p\ q'. <$ 5 ad. sk. Jericho. Canon Tristram [P.]. 

28. Turtur cambayensis. 
Tourterelle grise de Surate, Sonner. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 180 (1782); 

Bonn. Tall. Enc. MUh. i. p. 236 (1790). 
Cambayan Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 652, n. 47 (1783). 
Columba cambayensis, Gm. S. JSf. i. 2, p. 779s, n. 49 (1788) (ear 

* While specimens from Constantinople in Dresser> Collection are indistinguishable 
from the Indian ones of T. cambayensis, those from Palestine and 
Egypt in the British Museum are intermediate between T. cambayensis and 
typical T. senegalensis. According to Cabanis (J. f. O. 1878, p. 243) the 
N. African birds belong to a larger, distinct race (T. mgyptmem)
2e2 
PERISTEBIDJ3. 

Latham) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 609, n. 56 (1790) ; Kmp $ Temm. 
Pia. i. fern, seconde, p. 100 (part.) (1808-11); Temm. Pig. et 
Gallm. i. pp. 229, 483 (part.) (1813); Vieill j^:# z^-E:881 
(•Dart.) (1818); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 79 (part.) (1819); Deem. 
&rt/ti.XalxL p. 351 (part.) (1826); PYankl. P. Z. S. 1881, 
p? 133; Sykes, P. 2. S. 1832, p. 150; StrickL P Z. 8.1836? p. 100 
(Smyrna and Constantinople). 

ColumbamaciilicolliSjpait, Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 9/ (182/), 
Peristera cambayensis, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 327. 
Columba cegyptiaca, part., Schleg. Pev. Crit. pp. lxxrv, 88 (part.) 


(1844). 

Turtur senegalensis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 873 (part.) (1845) j 
id. AWL & Mag. JV. B. xix. p. 183 (1847); id. Cat. B. Mus. 
A S. B. p. 237, n. 1438 (1849); G. P. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. 
Columbia, p. 43 (part.) (1856); Adams, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 498 
(Deccan, Scinde, Punjab); Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 284 (India); Jerd. 

B. of Ind. iii. p. 479 (1864); Sclat. % Tayl Ibis, 1876, p. 63 (Constantinople) 
; Blanf. Bast. Fere. ii. p. 276 (1876) ; Davis. 8f Wend. 
Str. Feath. vii. p. 86 (Deccan) (1878) ; JBume, Sir. FeaiJi. viii. 
p. 66 (1878), p. 463 (1879), viii. p. 110 (1879); St. John, Ibis, 
1880, p. 145 (Afghanistan); Sharpe, Ibis, 1886, p. 166 (Muscat); 
id. Sc. Pes. Sec. Yark. Miss., Axes, p. 118 (1891). 
Turtur 
cambayensis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 62 (1854) ; id. Compt. 
Bend. xl. pp. 16, 219, n. 182 (1855); id. Coup deceit Ordr. Pig. 
pp. 30, 57, n. 182 (1855); Bwgess, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 34; Bartl. 
Om. W.-Afr. p. 195 (1857); Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 72 (1862); 
Beav. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 376; Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 478 (1864); 
Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 150; Pelz. Ibis, 1868, p. 320; id.J.f.O. 
1868, p. 36; Hume, Ibis, 1869, pp. 19, 145; Brooks, Ibis, 1869, 

p. CO; G. P. Or. Band-list, ii. p. 238, n. 8318 (1870); Schleg. 
Mus. P.-B. Columbae, p. 120 (1873); Lloyd, Ibis, 1878, p. 415 
(Kattiawar) ; Peg, J. f. 0.1875, p. 291 {egg); Gieb. Thes. Orn. 
iii. p. 725 (1877); Ball, Str. Feath. vii. p. 224 (1878); Cab. J. f. 0. 
1878, p. 243 (Asia and S. Europe) ; Bidd. Ibis, 1881, p. 92 (Gilgit); 
'Scully, Ibis, 1881, p. 585 (Gilgit); C. Sioinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 117 
(Afghanistan); Bidd. Ibis, 1882, p. 286 (Gilgit); Salv. Cat. B. 
StrickL Coll. p. 545 (1882); Pleske, Mem. Ac. St PStersb. (7) xxxvi. 
n. 3, p. 46 (Turkestan) (1888); St. John, Ibis, 1889, p. 174 (Afghanistan) 
; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 38 (1889); Bein. $ Pchnw. NomencL 
Mus. Rein. Orn. p. 277 (1890); Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, p. Il l (Fao). 
Stigmatopelia cambayensis, Sundev. Metk ncct.Av. Tent. p. 100(1872). 
? Columba cegyptiaca,Severtz. (neeLath.) Tnrkest. Jevofn. p. 68 (1873), 
Streptopclia segyptiaca, Severtz. J.f.O. 1875, p. 180. 

Similar to T. senegalensis, but with the upper parts never with a 
reddish tinge, but of a more uniform pale earthy brown; the rump 
neyer pure bluish, as in T. senegalensis, but pale earthy brown, like 
the back, more or less blue on the sides. Size about the same as 
that of T. senegalensis. 

Bab. From Constantinople, where probably it has been introduced, 
and Asia Minor, to Turkestan and Central India *. 

* 
TURTUR ERMANNI. 
? Columba segyptiaca, Licht. in Eversm. Beise nach Buchara, p. 138 (1823) 

(Buchara). 

<#• d ad. sk. 

& Ad. sk 

G, cl. Ad. sk. 

e. Ad. sk. 
/i 
^- c? ? ad. sk. 
Jh h & 6 ? ad. sk. 
^ »*. cJ $ ad. sk. 

w. d* ad. sk. 
o. I mm. sk.l 
p. $ ad. sk. 
#. Ad. sk. 
r, s. Ad. sk. 


t. 2 ad. sk. 
u. $ ad. sk. 
«^-y. <J $ ad. et <$ 

ad. [yar.] sk. 
». $ ad. sk. 
«'. d ad. sk. 


V. Ad.sk. 
<?', <£'. S $ ad. sk. 
«',/*. Ad.sk. 
g'. S ad. sk. 
ti. 2 ad. sk. 
£'. <Juv. sis:, [albino]. 
# f Z'. Ad. sk. 
mr. $ ad. sk. [var.]. 

n'. g ad. sk. 

o'. Ad.sk. 

P% q'. 6 $ ad. sk. 

r\ $ ad. sk. 

V. cf ad. sk. 
5 . TTTRTUB. 
Aintab, Asia Minor (C. 6*. 

Fao, Persian Gulf, Jan. 

Muscat. 
Turkestan, Aug*. (Severtzoff), 
Turkestan, March. (Russow). 
Shikarpore (Griffiths). 
Kandahar, March. 
Kandahar, March. 
Ohakmar, Jan. (Stoliczka). 
Beluchistan, Feb. 


Kaeb, N. Beluchistan, April. 
Nal, May (0. T, Duke). 
Nr. Larkhana, Feb. (A. 0. JET.). 
Sukkur, Seinde, Dec. (A, 


o. jar.). 
Sambhur, Feb., May, June 

(R. JM. Adam). 
Sambhur, May (R. M. Adam). 
Uniballah, Nov. (JR. C. 
Beavan). 
Kurnaon (Straehey). 
Almorah, May, Aug. 
Etawah. 
Oudh, Nov. 
Mogul Serai, Jan. 
Saugor. 
Kamptee. 

Khandeish, Aug. (J. 
Davidson). 
Maunbhoom, Dec. (R. C. 

Beavan). 
Deccan (Si/Jces). 
Wadale, July (8. B. Fair-

bank). 
Ahmednugger, Dec. (8. B. 
Fairbank). 
Mysore, Aug. (22. G. W. JR.). 

453 

Seebolim CoU. 

VV. I). dimming, 

FM\. [P.1 
Col. Miles [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Soebohm Coll. 
India Museum [P.], 
Col. Swinhoe [P.], 
Humo Coll. 
India Museum [P.l 

W. T. Blanford, 
Esq. IE.]. 
Col. Swinhoe [P.]. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 


India Museum* 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Dr. R. B. Hinde 


[P.]. 
Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale OoU. 

India Museum [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Turtur cambayensis, ex Boukara, Mus. BeroL, fide Bp. 
Turtur ermanni, Bp. Corrupt. Rend, xliii. pp. 942, 949 (1856) (Boukara); 


G. R, Or. Eand-list, ii. p. 238, n. 9323 (1870). 
? Oolumba aegyptiaca, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotm. p. 68 (1873). 
? Turtur senegalensis, Dress. Ibis, 1876, p. 322. 
Smaller than T. cambayensis; tail shorter; general plumage of a uniform 
muddy isabeLLine colour, even the wings have no rufous tinge; scarcely a trace 
of markings on the breast; bead slightly tinged with lilac. (Translation.) 

Sab. Boukara. 

I have not seen specimens from Boukara, but from the fact that the bird 
obtained in Turkestan cannot be separated, although somewhat larger, from. 
the Indian one, I am inclined to think that Bonaparte's bird is identical with 
the true T. cambayensis. 

454 
PERISTERID2B. 

*', u' V. d $ ad. sk. Mysore, May (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
w'. <$ ad. sk. Segore, Feb. (W. Davison). Hume GoR 
x' y\ Ad. sk. Madras. Gould Coll 
«'. Id . sk. [var.]. HnnwOoll. 
a". Juv. bk. ? Himalaya Mts. Purchased. 
b". Skeleton. India. Purchased. 


Subfamily III. GEOPELIIK3E. 

Key to the Genera. 

a Tail of 14 feathers; first primary attenuated 
at the tip 6. GBOPELIA, p. 454. 


b. Tail of 12 feathers; first primary not 
attenuated at the tip. 
a'. Periophthalmic region not broadly 
naked 7. SCABDAFEIXA, p. 463, 
b'. Periophthalmic region broadly naked.. 8. GYMNOPBLIA, p. 408, 

6. GEOPELIA. Type< 
Geopelia, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 348 (1837) G. striata. 
Tomopeleia, Rehrib. Av. Syst Natur. p. xxv (1852) .. G. maugei. 
Geopeleia, Rchnb. ibid, (nomen emend?). 
Stictopeleia, Rchnb. ibid. (1852) , G. cuneata. 
Erythrauchama, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 93 (1854) G. kumeralis* 
Tomopelia, Bp. op. cit. p. 94 (1854). 
Stictopelia, Bp. op. cit. p. 95 (1854). 
Ohrysauchoena {errore), Bp. Compt. Rendus. ad. p. 210 

(1855) G. liraneraMs. 
Erythauchoena (sic), Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 221 

Range. Erom Burma to Australia. 

Key to the Species* 

a. Nape rufous 
humeralis, p. 455. 
b. Nape not rufous. 
a'. Upper parts distinctly banded. 
a". More or less delicate pale vinous underneath. 
a3. Only the neck banded all round tranquilly p. 456. 
Z»3. Neck, breast, and sides banded; middle 

 of tlie lower Parts
,,, AT delicate pale vinous.. striata, p. 458. 

b . No pale vinous underneath; neck, breast, 
and sides banded maugei, p. 461, 
b, 
Upper parts grey, with no dark bands ,• upper 
wing-coverts with small white spots cuneata, p. 462. 

6. GEOPELIA.. 
455 

1. Geopelia humeralis. 
Columba humeralis, Temm. Tr. Linn. Hoe. xm. p, 128(1821): id 
PI. Col. 192 (livr. 32, 1823); Be^m. Diet. He. Nat. xl. p. 348 
(1820); Hteph. Gen. Zool xiv. p. 201 (182(5); Less. Compl. de 
Buff., Ois. viii. p. 74 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd cd. p. 281) (lb3S); 
PrSv. $ Knvp, Pig. ii. p. 9, pi. 5 (1838-43) ; Midi. Verh. Land-en 
VolkenJc. p. 23 (1839-1844). 

Columba erythrauchen, Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 98 (1827). 
Peristera humeralis, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 327. 
Geopelia humeralis, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 1 (1844); Gould, 


B. 
Austr. v. pi. 72 (part xv., 1844); Bh/th, Cat. B. Mus. A. H. Ih 
p. 235, n. 1425 (1849); Rchnb. Tog. Neuholl. p. 321, n. 434 (1850); 
Macgill. Narr. Voy. < Battle*nabe,' p. 358 (1852); (}. P. Or. List B. 
Brit. Mus. Columbia, p. 38 (1856); Hclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Hoe. 
ii. p. 168, n. 149 (1858); G. R. Gr. P. Z. H. 1858, p. 146 : id. Cat. 
B. 
NezvGuin.^. 49,61 (1859) ; id.P. Z. H. 1801, p. 437; Gould, 
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 233; Pmsch, Neu-Gum.^, 179 (1865); Garrodf 
P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 639; Schley. Mus. B.-B. Columbia, p. 130 
(1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 250 (1875); Salwd. § If Alb. Amu 
Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 836 (1875); Halvad. ibid. ix. pp. 43, 205, 
n. 71 (1876) ; Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 394 (187(5); 
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Hoc, Zool. xiii. p. 503 (1877); Forbes, 
P. Z. H. 1878, p. 126; Bams. Pr. Linn. Hoc. N. H. W. iii. p. 293 
(1878), iv, p. 101, n. 172 (1879); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Hoe., 
Zool. xiv. p. 688 (1879); BAlb. Nuova Gain. p. 585 (1880); 
Salv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. p. 553 (1882); Sclat. Lid Vert. An. 
8th ed. p. 451 (1883); Sharpe, Fog.' Alert; p. 25 (1884); Bams. 
Tab. List, p. 18, n. 546 (1888); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 41 (1889); 
Brisag, Bull. Hoc. Acclim. 1889, p. 54. 
Geopeleia 
humeralis, Rchnb. Av. Hgtt. Nat. p. xxv (1852) ; id. 
Tauben, i. p. 28, t. 250. £ 1383-84 (1862). 
Erythrauchama humeralis, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 93 (1854); id. 
Compf. Bend. xl. p. 221, n. 280 (1855); id. Coup cTail Ordr. Piq. 

p. 59, n. 280 (1855); Bmenb. N. T. N. I. xxv. p. 250, n. 242 
(1863); id. J. f. O. 1864, p. 133, n. 242; Gould, JIaudb. B. 
Austr. ii. p. 142 (1865); Soma, Mus. Nae. Lisb. Columba), p. 23 
(1873) ; Bams. P. Z. H. 1876, p. 116; Mast. Pr. Linn. Hoc. 
N. H. TV. i. p. 59, n. 91 (1870); Bams. Pr. Linn. Hoc. N. H. W, 
ii, p. 197, n. 534 (1877); North, Bescr. Cat. Net>ts * Eggs B. 
Austr. ^. 277 (1889). 
Chrysauchoena humeralis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 210 (1854); id. 

Coup d'ceil Ordr. Pig. p, 48 (1855). 
Turtur humeralis, Hchleg. Be Bierent. fisj. pv207 (1864). 
Geopelia humilis (errore), Garr. P. Z. H. 1874, p. 256. 
Erythrauehoena humeralis, G. B. Gr. Iland-Bt, ii. p. 236, n. 9289 

(1870); Masters, Pr. Linn. Hoc. N. S. W. ii. p. 275 (1878); Halvad. 
Om. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 159 (1882); id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) 

ix. p. 589 (1890); id. Mem. P. Ac. He. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 63 (Agg. 
Om. Pap. e Mol. p. 189) (1891). 
Adult male. Forehead, cheeks, neck in front and on the sides, 
and upper breast delicate grey, paler on the forehead and chin; 
occiput, back, wing-coverts," rump, and upper tail-coverts pale 
brown ; back of the neck rufous, every feather of the upper 
surface' edged at the extremity by a narrow band of black, 
giving the whole a squamated or scaled appearance ; lower breast, 

456 
PEEISTEEIDJE. 

especially on the sides, and under tail-coverts pale vinous; centre 
of the abdomen white; quills and primary-coverts brown, cinnamon, 
except their tips, on the inner webs; also the under wing-eoyerts 
cinnamon; central tail-feathers greyish brown, the remainder 
rufous-chestnut tipped with white, the outer web greyer on the 
inner feathers: "irides ochre-yellow; bill and nostrils delicate 
mealy light blue; naked skin round the eye mealy purple; legs 
and feet pink-red,J (Gould). Total length 11 inches, wing 5%5, 
tail 5-5, bill 0*7, tarsus 1. 


Female. Like the male, only the grey of the breast darker and 
duller. 
Ifab. Australia except the south-west, and Southern JNew 
Guinea. 
Thursday Isl., Torres Straits, Voy. H3I.S.' Alert/ 

a. $ ad. sk. 
June (Dr. Coppinger). 
Friday TsL, Torres Straits, Voy.H.M.S.'Alert.' 

h. $ ad. sk. 
July (Br. Coppinger). 
Horn Isl, Torres Straits, Voy. H.M.S.' Alert.' 

c, d. <$ ad. sk. 

July (Br. Coppingei'). 
Adelaide R., Port Darwin. P.W.BassettSaiith, 

<?. Ad. sk. 

Esq. [P.]. 
/, g, h. Ad. sk. et N.W. Australia. Sir CT, Grey [P.]. 
ad. sk. 

i. 
Ad. sk. N.W. Australia. Capt. Bo wyer Bower, 
LP-} 
I. Ad. sk. Port Essington. 
Capt. W. Chambers, 
[P.l, 

m, n. Ad. sk. Cape York. 

GouldJColL 

o. Juv. sk. Cape York. 
Hume Coll. 

p. <$ ad. sk. Cape York. 
h Challengery Exped, 

q> Ad. sk. Port Albany (C. Coxen). 

Tweeddttle Coll. 

r. o* ad. sk. Port Curtis, Queensland, 
Voy. H.M.S.'Alert; 

April (Dr. Coppinger). 

s. 
$ ad. sk. More ton Isl., Oct. (J. Voy. BLZfcLS.'RattleMcGillkray). 
snake; 
t. 
Ad. sk. East coast of Australia. Linnean Soc. Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
u. Ad. sk. Australia (J. T. Cockerelf). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Skull. Voy. H3I.S/Rattlesnake." 
2. Geopelia tran^uilla. 
Geopelia placida, Gould, B. Z. S. 1844, p. 55* (Port Essington) * 
id. B. Austr. I Introd. p. hod, sp. 436 (184-?); Rchnb. Vog 
Neuholl. p. 322, n. 436 (1850); Bp. Consp. A v. ii. p. 95 (1854) * 
id. Compt. Rendus. xl. pp. 210, 221, n. 283 (1855); id. Coup <£mil 
Ordre Fig. pp. 48,59, n. 283 (1855); Rchnb, Tauben, i. p. 28 (1862): 
Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 145 (1865); G. R. Gr. Kand-lut, 


ii. p. 236, n. 9288 (1870); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 250 (1875): 
Rams. Br. linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 394 (1876), ii. p. 196, n. 536 
(1877); Mast. Br. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 275 (1877) (Port 
* Although the name G. placida has the priority of one page oyer G. tran~ 
quilla, I prefer the latter, which has been more frequently used and applies to 

the larger bird. 

6. GEOPELIA. 
457 
Darwin) ; Earns, op. cit. iii. pp. 104, 203 (Hall Sound) (1878), 

iv. p. 101 (1879); Sclat. LH Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 450 (1883) • 
Bams. Tab. List, p. 18, n. 548 (1888); Brisay, Bull Soc. Acclim. 
1889, p. 53 ; Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 41 (1889). 
Oeopelia tranquilla, 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1844, p. 56 (interior of New S 
Wales) j id. B. Austr. v. pi. 73 (part xix., 1845); Q. R Gr. Gen. 

B. App. p. 23 (1849); Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. p. 235, n. 1426 
(1849); Rehib. Yog. NeuMl. p. 321, n. 435 (1850); Bp. Consp. Av. ii 
p. 94 (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xl V}x 210,221, n, 282 (1855) ; id. 
Coup oVmil Ordr. Big. pp. 48, 59, n. 282 (1855); G. R. Gr. List B. 
Brit Mus. Oolumbra, p. 37 (1856); met/, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 27 ; 
Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 144 (1865); Peh. Novara Reise, 
Vog. p. 109 (1865); Mams. P. Z. S.1868, p. 387; G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 236, n. 9287 (1870); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columtoe, 

p. 131 (1873); Soma, Mas. Nac. Lisb. Columbre, p. 24 (1873); 
Gieb. T/ies. Orn. ii. p. 250 (1875); Bams. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 116; 
Sahad. Ami. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. pp. 43. 205, n. 72 (1876); Forbes 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 126 (Cape York); D'Alb. Nttova Gum. p. 585 
(1880); Forbes, Toy. Challeng., Birds, p. 91 (1881); Sahad. Orn. 
Pap. e MoL ii. p. 154 (1882); Sato. Cat. B. Stride!. Coll. p. 553 
(1882); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 450 (1883); Bams. Pr. 
Linn. Soc. N. S. W. vii. p. 54 (1883); Finseh, Vog. d. Siklsee, 
pp. 29, 39 (1884); Sharpe, Vog. 'Alert,' p. 25 (1884); Rmm. 
Tab. List, p. 18, n. 547 (1888); North, Bescr. Cat. Nests # Eqgs 
B. Austr. p. 278 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 41 (1889); Sahad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 539 (1890), x. p. 826 (1891); id. 
Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 63 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e MoL 
p. 189) (1891); Hartert, Kat. Vogehamml p. 185 (1891). 
Geopelia tranquilla, Rchnb. Av. Si/st. Nat. p. xxv (1852); id. Tauben, 
i. p. 27, t. 265. ff. 1476-77 (1862). 
Geopelia placida (pallida*), G.M. Gr. ListB. Brit. Mus. Colunibse, 
p. 37 (1856). 
Adult male. Forehead, cheeks, and throat grey ; occiput, back, 
and wings ashy brown, each feather with a band of velvety black 
at th e extremity; neck all round with numerous narrow white and 
black bands, whiter in front; breast and sides delicate pale vinous ; 
abdomen and under tail-coverts white; winglet and primary-
coverts blackish, quills brown, whitish rufous at the base of the 
inne r webs ; under wing-coverts chestnut; four central tail-feathers 
ash y brown, the remainder black, largely tipped with white : " irides 
light ashy grey; bill and orbits bright greyish blue, becoming 
much paler before and behind the eye; frontal scales of the tarsi 
an d feet dark greenish grey ; remainder of the legs and feet reddish 
flesh-colour" {Gould). Total length about 8*75 inches, wing 4, 
tai l 4*75, bill 0-62, tarsus 0-62. 

Ilab. Australia. 
a. Ad. sk. Australia. Purchased. 
b. Ad, sk. Adelaide R., Port Darwin. P. W. Bassett Smith, 
Esq. [P.J. 

* I suppose this trinomial originated from Mr. Gray having misunderstood 
Bonaparte, who, after alluding to Geopelia placida (Consp. Av. n. p. 95), asked 
u Quid Columba pallida, Lath. ? " 
PEKISTERID2E. 

c. cJ ad. sk. 
d. $ imni. sk. 
Port Darwin, Nov.
Copjptnger). 
Victoria Hirer. 
(Br. Voy. H.M.S' Alert. 
J. R Elser, Esq. 
e. d ad. sk, 
/ . <S ad. sk. 
"g} h. Ad. sk. 
i, J imm. sk. 
fa Ad. sk. 
/, Ad. sk. 
m, n. $ ad. et 
juv. sk. 
o, p, q. Ad. sk. 
r, s. Ad. sk. 
*. Ad. sk. 
u. $ ad. sk. 
Caught at sea, Jan. 
Port Essington, May. 
Port Essington. 
Cape York. 
Somerset, Cape York. 
N. Australia. 
3NT.W. Australia. 
N.W. Australia. 
Australia (/. T. Cockerell), 
Queensland. 
Port Curtis, Queensland, 
[p.]. 
Dr. Coppinger [?.].__ 
Capt. Chambers [P.1 . 
Dr. Sibbald [P.]. 
(Challenger * ExpedL 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Gould CoH. 
Capt. Bowyer Bower 
PP.1Sir 
G. Grey [P.]. 
Salrin-Godman Coll* 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Toy. H.M.S.'Alert/ 
v. Ad. sk. 
?#. Ad. sk. 
#, y. Ad. sk. 
z. Ad. sk. 
April (Br. Coppingen% 
Moreton Bay. 
New South Wales. 
S. Australia. 
S. Australia. 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
Capt. Stuart [P.], 
«'. Ad. sk. 
b'. Ad. sk. 
Australia. 
VanDiernen's Land. 
Sir T. Mitchell [P/ . 
Purchased. 
3. G-eopelia striata. 

Transrerse striped or Barred Dore, Edto. Birds, i. pi. 10 (1750). 

Dore from China, Alb. Orn. iii. p. 43, t. 46. 

Turtur sinensis striatus, Briss. Orn. i. p. 107 (1760) (ex Alhin ?). 

Turtur indicus striatus, Briss. Orn. i. p. 109 (1760) (ex Edwards?). 

Columba striata, Linn. S. JV. i. p. 282, n. 18 (1760) (ex Brisson): 
Jacq. Beity. p. 34, n. 28, t. 15 (1784); Gm. S. JV. i. 2, p. 775? 

n. 18 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 608, n. 53 (1790); Bonn. Enc. 
Meth. p. 243, pi. 74. f. 2 (1790); Vieill. JV. B. xxvi. p. 384 (1818); 
Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 106 (1827); Thienem. Fortpfl. p. 60y 
t. xi. I 10 (egg) (1840); Schleg. Handl. Bierfa i. p. 404 (1857). 
Columba sinica, Linn. S. JV. i. p. 284, n. 28 (1700) (ex Albin); Gnu 
8. JV. i. p. 783, n. 28 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 608, n. 52 
(1790); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 373, 472 (1813); VieilL 
JV. B. xxvi. p. 384 (1818); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 68 (1819); 
Besm. Bict. Se, Nat. xl. p. 377 (1826). 
Tourterelle ray<§e des Indes, Buffi Hist. Wat. Ois. ii. p. 557 

(1771). 

Tourterelle ray^e de la Chine, Buff. op. cit. 

Petite Tourterelle de Que'da, 8onn. Voy. aux Ind. et a la Oiine, ii. 

p; 177 (1776). 
Striated Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 650, n. 43 (1783). 
Barred Turtle, Lath. op. cit. n. 44. 
Malacca Turtle, Lath. op. cit. p. 661, n. 60. 
Columba malaccensis, Gm. S. JV. ii. p. 788, n. 68 (1788) (ex Sonne


rat); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 612, n. 69 (1790); Bonn. Enc. MM. 

p. 253 (1790); Temm. $ Knipy Big. i. fam. sec. pi. 47 (1808-11) ; 
Temm. Big. et Gallin. i. pp. 339, 484 (1873) ; Vieill. JV B. xxn. 
p. 383 (1818) j Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 1, p. 88 (1819); Besm. Bict. 
So. Nat xl. p. 353 (1826); S. Mill. Verh. Land-en Volhenh. 
B. 109 (1839-44); Schleg. Handl. Bierh. i. p. 404 (1857). 
Columba bantamensis, Sparrm. Mm. Carls, fasc. iii. t. 57 (1788); 
6. GEOPELIA. 
450 

Lath. hid. Orn. ii. p. 615, n. 77 (1790); Bonn, Bnc. Mm. p. 250 
(1790); Tieill.N.B. xxvi. p. 375 (18IK) ; Llorsf. Trans, Zool 
Soc. xiii. p. 183 (1821); Raffl. Trans, Zoo!. Sorl xiii. 2, p. Jilt) 
(1822); Less. Compl. de Buff,, Ois. viii. p. 57 (1837); id op. <>it. 
2nd ed. p. 284 (1838). i v ; > / 

Columba lunulata, Bonn. Jfinc. MM. p. 251 (1790) (<\r Brisson). 
Columba fowat, Bonn. op. cit. p. 251 (1790) (ed Brisson). 
Peristera malaccensis, Boie, Isis, lb28, p. 327. 
Columba tnoluccensis (error?), Less. Tr, d'Oni, p. 474 (1831). 
G-eopelia lineata, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 348 ( LS37). 
Greopelia striata, G. R. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 58 (1840); id. Gen. B. 

ii. p. 471, n. 2 (1844), App. p. 23(1849); Bh/th, Cat. B. Mm. A, 
S. B. p. 235, n. 1428 (1849) ; Bp, Consp. Av. ii. p. 9 1 {1851); id. 
Compt.Rend.xl. pp. 210, 211, 221, n. 284; id. Coup d'wil Ordre 
Pig. pp. 48, 49, 59, n. 284 (1855); G. M. Gr. List B. Brit. Mies. 
(1862); Blyth, Pis, 1862, p. 92; Wall. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 486; 
Pollen, N. T. D. i. p. 319 (1863); Jerd. B. of Lid. iii. p. 486 
(1864); Select. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 139; Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 179 
(1865) ; Wall Lbis, 1865, p. 394, n. 115 ; id. J.f. (). 1866, p. 284; 
Mart. J.f.O. 1866, pp. 24, 284 (note): Schleg. B. Z. 8. 186(5, 

p. 424; JE. Newt. Ibis, 1867, pp. 342, 359; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1869, 
p. 227 ; G. P. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 236, n. 9286 (1870) ; Wald. 
Ibis, 1871, p. 177; id. Tr. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 86 (1872); Sunder. 
Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 100 (1872); Schleg. Mus. B.~B. 
Colimibse, p. 131 (1873); Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columba}, p. 23 
(1873); Bek. Lbis, 1873, p. 34; Garr. P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 639, 
1874, p. 256 ; Salvad, Cat. Ucc. Born. p. 298, n. 314 (1874); Gieh 
Thes. Orn. ii. p. 250 (1875); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc, ix. p. 223 
(1875); Hume, Str. Feath. iii. p. 323 (1875); 8/iarpe, Tr. Linn. 
Soc, (2) Zool. i. p. 353 (1876); Salvad. Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. 
p. 205, n. 73 (1876); LLartl. Tog. Madag. p. 404 (1877); Tweedd. 
Lbis, 1879, p. 138; Tweedd. Orn. Works, pp. 112, 186,386,412, 
503, 513. 525 (1881); Wardl. Hams. ibid. p. 659 (1881); Meyer, 
VerJi. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 772; Kelh. Ibis, 1881, p. 528; 
Salvad. Orn. Bap. e Mol. iii. p. 155 (1882); Gates, B. of Brit. 

p. 49 (1884); . , 
p. 404 (1885), xlvi. pp. 89, 236 (1886) ; Jhlttih Not. Legd. Mus. 
ix. p. 77 (1886); Vorderm.N. T. N. I.xlix. p.413 (1889); Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 41 (1889); Steere, List Mamm. # B. p. 24 (1890) 
(Luzon); Salvad. Mem.B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xiii. p. 63 (Agg. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol p. 189) (1891); Karieri, Kat. Fogelsamml p. 185 
(1891); Vorderm. N. T. N. L li. p. 422 (1892). 
G-eopeleia striata, Rchnb. Av. Sgst. Nat. p. xxv (1862) ; id. Tauben, 

i. p. 26, t. 250. ff. 1385-86 (1862), ii. p. 164 (1862). 
Geopelia malaccensis, Horn. J.f.O. 1859, p. 361. 
Tuxtur striatus, Schleg. Be Diermt. p. 207 (1864); Schleg. & Boll. 
Bech. Faun. Madag. p. 162 (1868). 
Tuxtur malaccensis, Schley. $ Boll. Bech. Faun. Madag. p. 155 
(1868). 

460 PERISTERIDJS. 

Adult male. Anterior half of the crown, cheeks, and throat ash}"; 
hind part of the crown and occiput reddish; nape, sides of 

" the neck and of the breast with white and black narrow bands; 
back, rump, and upper wing-coverts pale brown with narrow black 
bands; upper tail-coverts pale brown, with narrow apical black 
edges ; middle of the breast pale vinous; abdomen and under tail-
coverts bu% white; sides and flanks buffy white, with narrow 
black bands; quills brown, the inner webs partly cinnamon ; under 
wing-coverts cinnamon with narrow black bands; central tail-
feathers brown, the lateral ones black, broadly tipped with white; 
iris brown; bill black ; feet purple. Total length about b'5 inches, 
wing 4-2, tail 4-4, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Similar to the male, but smaller and less reddish on the 
occiput. 

Eab. South Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Indo-Malay Archipelago 
with the Philippines, and as far south as Lombock, and also 
Celebes and Amboyna in the Austro-Malay Archipelago; introduced 
in the Seychelles, Madagascar, Mauritius, Bound Island, Eeunion, 
and St. Helena. 

a. Ad. sk. G. Jams, Esq. [P,l 
b. Ad. sk. Siam (Schomburgk). Gould Coll. 
c-k. <$ $ acl. sk. Pakchan, Jan. (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
I, m. Ad. sk. Pinang (Cantor). India Museum [P.]. 
n, o, p. $ ad. et Pioang, Nov., Dec. ( W. DaviHume 
Coll. 
ad. sk. son). 
q~v. <$ $ ad. sk. Tougkah, Jan. (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
% >r-<S $ ad. sk. Taroar, Feb. (J. Darling). Hume Coll. 
y-t. 6 ? ad. et Kossoom, April, May, and Hume Coll. 


juv. sk. July (J. Darling). 
m'-z'. S ? ad. et Salang, Feb., March (J. Dar- Hume Coll. 


imm. sk. ling).
a", b". <S ad. sk. 


Johore, July (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 
Klang, May (W. Davison). Hume Coll. 

ad. sk. 
f",f/",h"> o* ad. Singapore, Sept., Dee. (W. Hume Coll. 
et ad. sk. Davison). 
i"~o". S $ ad. et Singapore Is., Feb., Sept., Hume Coll, 
juv. sk. Oct., Dec. ( W. Davison)* 
p"\ <5 ad. sk. Sidjoendjong, Sumatra, Oct. Tweeddale OolL 
{Carl Bock). 
, /', s". Ad. sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra. Tweeddale OolL f<. Ad. sk. Billiton. Tweeddale OolL 

u". g ad. sk. Madura, Nov. (A. B. M&yer) Tweeddale Coll. 
v", to". Ad. sk. Java (Morsfield). India Museum [P.X 
*",#",*". Ad. Java. Tweeddale OolL 


sk. 
a\ h\ Ad. sk. W*. Java (Bwvtori), F, Nicholson, Esq. 


c3, d*. J ad. et Lombock. 

WaJlaee Coll, 

ad. sk. 

<2S. o* ad. sk. Lombock (Wallace). Gould CoH. 
f*,g\ Ad. sk. Manilla (Maitland-Heriot), Tweeddale OolL 
&> t3. S $ ad. sk. Monte Alban, Feb. (A. M. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

Everett). 

6. GEOPELIA. 401 
ks, P, m\ <y J San Mateo, Jan., Feb. (A. H. Tweeddale Coll. 
ad. sk. Everett). 
nz . $ ad. sk. Isle Cousine, Seychelles, Shelley Coll 
Nov. 
o8,jp3 . Ad. sk. Mauritius (Beiosher). Shelley Coll 
q*-u* Ad. sk. Reunion. M. Van Dam TP. I. 
v\ Ad. sk. St. Helena (G. E. Shelley). Shelley Coll 
vfi. Skeleton. Java. Purchased. 
4. Geopelia maugei. 

Columbus maugeus (!), Temm. <$• Enip, Pig. i. fam. seconde, p. 115, 
pi. 52 (1808-11). r 
Columba maugei, Temm. Pig., Index, p. 49 (1811); id. Pig. et Gattin. 

i. fam. sec. pp. 363, 490 (1813); Vieill N. D. xxvi. p. 352 (1818) : 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 98 (1819); Desm. Diet So. Nat. xl. p. 3(30 
(1826); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 105 (1827); Less. Tr. 
d?Orn. p. 474 (1831); id. Compl. de Buff., Ois.im. p. 72 (1837 V 
id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 289 (1838). 
Geopelia maugei, G. B. Gr. List Galling Brit. Mus. p. 11 (1844); 
JBp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 94 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 210,221, 

n. 281 (1855); 
id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 48, 59, n. 281 (1855) • 
Wall P. Z. S. 1863, p. 486; id. Ibis, 1865, p. 394, n. 114-ii 
J.f.O. 1866, p. 284; Sclat. P.Z. S. 1867, p. 687; Bosenb. Bets 
naar Zuidoostereil. p. 81 (1867); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columb®, 
p. 132 (1873); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 250 (1875); Salvad. Amu 
Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 205, n. 74 (1876); Bosenb. Malay. Archip* 
p. 372 (1879); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 663 (1879); 
%d. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 157 (1882); Sclat. List Vert. An. 
8th ed, p. 451 (1883); id. P. Z. S. 1883, pp. 51, 195, 200 (Timorlaut); 
Forb. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 433; Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 510 
(Sumbawa, Elores, Wetter, and Letti); Buttik. Not. Leyd. Mus. 
viii. p. 67 (1886); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. p. 41 (Mores) (1889); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. 491 (1890); id. Mem. 
B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 63 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 491) 
(1891). 
Geopelia maugeus (!), G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 4 (1844). 
Geopelia albiventris, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xviii. p. 817 (1849); id. Cat. 

B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 235, n. 1427 (1849). 
Tomopeleia maugei, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852); G. B. Gr. 
Sand-list, ii. p. 236, n. 9291 (1870). 
Columba multicincta. Temm. Mus. Lugd.jide Bp. Compt. Rend. xl, 

p. 210 (1855); id. Coup dceil Ordre Pig. p. 48 (1855) (Sumbava). 
Geopeleia maugei, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 27, t. 253 b. f. 3380 (1802). 
Turtur maugei, Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 178 (1865). 
Adult male. Pront part of the head, cheeks, and throat grey; 
occiput pale brown ; neck, breast, and sides with numerous narrow 
black and white bands; on the hind neck the light bands are 
greyish; back and upper wing-coverts greyish brown, each feather 
edged with black at the end; abdomen and under tail-coverts 
white ; quills brown, the primaries on the inner web cinnamon, 
and with a very narrow edge on the outer web cinnamon-grey; 
under wing-coverts cinnamon; four central tail-feathers greyish 
brown, the lateral ones black, broadly tipped with white: a iris pale 

462 
PEBlSTEKIDiF. 

yellow; bill leaden; tarsus ashy-blue, marked, with violet" (Gnillemard). 
Total length 8-5 inches, wing 4-25, tail 4-25, bill 0-52 
tarsus 0*58. 

Female. Like the male. 
Hah. Timor group—Timor, Elores, Sumbawa, "Wetter, Lettie; 
Tenimber Islands,"K6 Islands, Koohr, and doubtfully Ternate. 

a. Ad. sk.
ft. Ad. sk. 
Timor (Wallace). 
Timor (Wallace). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Seebokm. Coll. 
c, d,e. tf $ ad. E. Timor. Wallace Coll. 
et ad. sk. 
f,g> 6 $ ad. sk.
h, i Ad. sk. 
Semao, Timor, 
Flores. 
"Wallace Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Jc, I. Ad. sk. Flores (Wallace).
m. Ad. sk. Solor. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
n. <$ ad. sk.
o. $ ad. sk.
p. $ ad. sk.
q. $ ad. sk.
r. 2 ad. sk. 
Larat, Timorlaut, 
Larat, Timorlaut, AFortes), 
Moloe, Tenimber(H. 0. Forbes). 
Moloe, Tenimber Is 
Loetoe, Tenimber(K 0. Forbes). 
Sept.
ug. (H. 0. 
Is., Sept.
., Sept. 
Is., Aug. 
li. 0. Forbes, ESQ. 
[0.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
H. 0. Forbes, Esq. 
[C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

5. G-eopelia cuneata. 
Grey-necked Pigeon, Lath. Gen.8yn. 8uppl. ii. Add. p. 375 (1802). 
Columba cuneata, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. lxi, n. 8 (1802) ; Vieill. 

N. D. xxvi. p. 368 (1818); id. Eric. Meth. i. p. 378 (1826); Desm. 
Diet 8c. Nat. xl. p. 376 (1826); Wagl. Syst Av. Columba, sp. 107 
(1827); less. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 73 (1837); id. op. cit. 
2nd ed. p. 289 (1838). 
Columba macquarie, Quoy $* Gaim. Voi/. de V Uran., Ois. p. 122, 
pi. 31 (1824) j Desm. Diet. 8c. Nat xl. p. 362 (1826); Less. Tr. 
aVOm. p. 474 (1831); Knip <$• Fr&v. Fig. ii. pi. 41 (1838-43). 

Columba spiloptera, Vig. Zool. Journ. v. p. 275 (1830); 8toddart, 

F. Z. 8.1834, p. 54; Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 80 (1837); 
id. op. cit 2nd ed. p. 291 (1838). 
Geopelia 
cuneata, G. R. Gr. List Gallinca Brit Mus. p. 11 (1844); 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 471, n. 3 (1844); Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 74 
(pi xviii., 1845); Rchnb. 8yn. Av. ff. 1387-89, 1478-79 (1847); 
id. Fog. Neuholl. p. 322, n. 437 (1850); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. 
Mus. Columbae, p. 37 (1856): 8chleg. Mus. P.-B. ColumbaB, p. 133 
(1873) j Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 250 (1875); Rams. Fr. Linn. 8oc. 

N. 8. W. ii. p. 196, n. 537 (1877); 8alv. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. 
p. 553 (1882); Rams. Fr. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. vii. p. 54 (1883); 
Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 450 (1883); Rams. Tab. List, p. 18, 
n. 549 (1888); Brisay, Bull. 8oc. Acclim. 1889, p. 52; Tristr. Cat. 
Coll.B. p. 4] (1889); Hartert, Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 185 (1891). 
8tictopeleia 
cuneata, Rchnb. Av. 8yst Nat. p. xxv (1852); id. 
Tauben, i. p. 29, t. 250. if. 1387-89, t. 265. ff. 1478-79 (1862); 

G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 326, n. 9290 (1870). 
Stictopelia cuneata, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 95 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 
xl. pp. 21, 221, n. 285 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Fig. pp. 49, 
i . SCAEBAPELLA. 
463 

59, n. 285 (1855); Govld, JSandb. B. Anstr. ii. p. 146 (1865); 
Sousa, Mm. Nac. Lisb. ColmnbEe, p. 23 (1873); North, Descr. 
CM. Nests 4- Eggs B. Amfr. p. 279 (1889). 

Tsirtur cimeatiiSj ScMeg. DeDierent p. 207 (1864). 

Aihit nude* Head, neck, and breast delicate grey, passing into 

•whiti1 on the abdomen and under tail-eoverts; nape, back, and 
scapularies pale brown; wing-coverts dark grey, each feather and 
also the seapnlaries with two white spots, encircled with black, 
near the edge of the tip; primary-coverts and primaries brown, the 
latter rufous cinnamon on their inner webs for two thirds of their 
length ; under wins-coverts delicate grey ; four central tail-feathers 
srrey, the remainder gre} ish black at the base and pure white for 
the"remainder of their length: " irides in some instances bright 
red, and the naked skin round the eyes light scarlet; in others the 
irides and naked skin round the eyes are pale greenish yellow ; bill 
dark olive-brown ; feet reddish flesh-colour in some instances, in 
other* yellowish n (Gould). Total length about 7*5 inches, wing 
:i-7, tail 4, bill 0-42, tarsus 0*5. 
Ftaiah* Smaller than the male; back of the head, neck, and 
upper surface browner, and the spots on the wings larger. 
Hah Australia, except Cape York and Rockingham Bay. 

a, k Ad. sk. H Australia. Sir T. Mitchell rP.]. 
4 d. Ad, «k. Australia (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/'. Ad. sk.
£ b ad, bk.
//. Acl. st.
*h. Ad. sk. 
Australia (/. T. Cockerel!). 
X.W. Australia, May. 
Mokai, Australia. 
Yarrundi, Australia. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
J. K. Elsey, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
i. Ad. sk,
k,l,m. xli.sk 
S. Australia. 
S.Australia. 
Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
Capt. Sturt, R.N. 
PP.1. 
n. \&. sk. Gould Coll. 
ol d skeleton. Zool. Society's Coll. 

7. SCABDAFELLA. 
Type. 
Seardafella? Bp. C&mp. An. ii. p. 85 (1845) S. squamosa. 
Micropelia, Heine, Nomenel. Mm, JSein. Orn. p. 283 
(1890) .. S. squamosa. 

Mange. From the southern border of the United States and 
Mexico, through Central America to Brazil, 

Key to &ie $l)eM#8« 

u. 
A white patch on the wing-coverts and secondaries 
; abdomen and crissum white; black cresceatic 
bare very heavy squamosa, p. 464. 
it. 
No white patch on the wings; abdomen and 
erisstim pale buff; Mack bars very faint on 
breast, obsolete on throat ..,...,. . inca, p. 465. 

PEEISTEPJD2E. 

1. Scardafella squamosa. 
Picui pinima, Maregr. Hist Xat Bras p 204. ^ 
Columba striata, pait., Jacq. Beitr.p. 34 (L84); Gr^. 6. J\. I. p., /9. 

n. 18 (1788) (Venezuela). 
(1810)-Wied. lleise natti Bras, ii. pp. 160, 23Z (1821); X7<?#/. 
W Meth. p. 3fc5 (1823); Deem. Diet Sc. Xat. xl. p. 355 (igogj. 
JTflr//. 6y*. -4i\ Culmnbd, sp. 104 (lb27): Witrl. Beitr. [T. p . 409 
(1832); 'Ze^. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 05 (lb37); zVZ. op. df, 

2nd ed. p. 287 (183b> _ 
Chsemepelia squamosa. &w. Zool Juvr/i. m^p. 361 U827J. 
Columba squamniata, Lets. Ti\ d'Orn. p. 474 {lb311. 
Columbina squamosa, G. It. Gr. Lkt Galium B. 31, p. 13 (1844): 

Rchnb. &yn. Av. f. 1409 (nee 1410, 1393, (1847). 
Geopelia squamosa, Hartl. Sysi. Verz. p. Ob Ub44j: 8t Meg. 31 us, 
F.-B. Columbia p. 133 (lb73). 

Chamsepelia squamosa, G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 473. n. 0 (184-7); 
J2e7m£. %*. -4r. Columbaria, AViY. t. 25# £. f. S3©1 (1851) (ex 
Knip); G. Ii. Gr. But B. Brit. 3h/$. Columba*, p. 71 |1^5t3); 
Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 04 (Ciudud Bolivar, Orinoco] ; Gieb. Thes. 
Orn.i. p. &do (part.) (1872). 

(Ena capensis (trrore), Rchnb. hyn. An. f. 1392 <lh47). 
(Ena squamosa, lie hub. Ac. byt>t. Xat. p. xx\ (k7;>j, 
Macropjgia squamosa, auct fide Bp. Con^p. Ar. ii. p. 87 (1K>4). 
Scardafella squanio>a, Z>>. Co?a>p. Aj':
:^ p. 85(lb54); ?VI. Cww/tf. 

Re?id.x\. pp. 24, 1^20, n, 253 f 1855); zVf. Coup cPail Ordre Pig. 
pp. 43, 58,11. 253 (1875); id. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 940 (lb5f>); 
Rchnb. Taubtn, i. p. 19, t. 250. f. 1392, t. 253. f. 1409, t. 253/;. 

f. 33bl (lb62), ii. p. 103 (lb02); lieinL lid. 3Ied. Xat 
For. 1870, p. 55; G. B. Gr. Hand-liht ii. p. 240. n. 9347 
(1870); Belz. Orn. Bras. pp. 277,451, liv (lb71); Moi/aa, 31if6. Xac 
Zisb. Columk-e, p. 22 (lb73); &clat. i- Salv. XomeneL Av. Xeairop. 
Sclat. List Vert. An. Mb ed. p. 470 (1883); Badgir. 3Iau. X. Am. 

B. p. 215 (1887); Hartert, Eat. Vogekamml p. lfeO (1891); APrti, 
Bad. Am. 31us. Xat. Hist iv. p.50 (lc92) (Venezuela). 
Coltimbala squamosa, Bittm. hyst. Ueb. Th. Brax.7 Tog. ii. p. ifH 
(1856). 
Micropelia squamosa, Hem. 4* lichiw. XomeneL 31 vs. Hem. Qui, 

p. 283 (lb90). 
Adtdt male. Upper parts greyish, brown ; lower parts white, with 
a pinkish tinge on the sides and lower neck and also on the breast; 
each feather edged with a creseentic bar of black, except the 
under tail-coverts, which are pure white ; upper wing-coverts light 
brown, white towards the tips, and edged with black creseentic 
bars; bastard-wing and primary-coverts black; quills brown, the 
primaries have the inner webs cinnamon except at the tip, which 
is brown; tertials greyish brown like the back, with a narrow 
white edge on the outer web; under wing-coverts dark brown. 

7 . SCARDAFELLA. 
465 

edged with, black; two central tail-feathers greyish, brown, the 
nest two pairs brown at the base, black towards the tip, the three 
outer pairs black, with broad white tips, increasing towards the 
onter feather : "bill brownish black" (Wied) ; "feet flesh-colour; 
iris carmine-red" (Simons). Total length about 8 inches, wing 
3*75, tail -4, bill 0*50, tarsus 0*65. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Young. Similar, but feathers faintly mottled, and markings less 
sharply defined. 
Eab. Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia. 

a, b. Ad. sk. S. America, 
Purchased. 

c. Juv.sk. S. America. 
Purchased. 
d. 
<$ ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brazil (Joyner). 
e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sudbury Mus. Coll. 
f,g,h. Ad. &k. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i, k. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
I. S 
ad. sk. Jose Bias, Brazil, July (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
terer). 
m. Ad. sk. Ceara, N. Brazil (IF. Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. <$ ad. sk. Valencia, TLS. of Colombia, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
May (Simons). 
o,p. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased. 

q. $ skeleton. 
Purchased. 
2. Scardafella inca. 
Gocotzin, Hmiand. Thes. p. 211, cap. 44. 
Columba squamosa, Lieht. (nee auct.) Preis-Verz. Mexic. Vog. etc. 


p. 3, n. 125 (1830); Wagl. Isk, 1831, p. 519 (Mexico); Lieht. 
J.f.0.1863, p. 58. 
Chamoepelia inca, Less. Descr. Mamm, et Ois. p. 211 (1847); G. B. 
Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbte, p. 51 (1856) (Mexico). 
Columbina squamosa (part.), Bchno. Sy?i. Av. if. 1393, 1410(F) 
(1847). 
Chamsepelia squamosa, part., Lieht. Nomencl. p. 83 (1854) ; Grieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 635 (1872). 
Scardafella 
inca, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 85 (1854) (Guatemala) ; id. 
Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 24, 220, n. 254 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre 
Pig. pp. 43, 58, n. 254 (1855) ; id. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 946 
(185(5) (Mexico and Guatemala); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 309 
(Cordova); Baird, List, n. 452 (1858); Sclat. fy Salv. Ibis, 1859, 

p. 223 (Centr. Amer.); Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 61 (Honduras, 
Guatemala); Sclat P. Z. S. 1859, p. 391 (Oaxaca); Salv. Ibis, 
1860, p. 45 (Guatemala); Tayl Ibis, 1860, p. 227 (Honduras); 
 *Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 19, t. 250. f. 1393, t. 253. f. 1410 (?) (1862), 
ii. p. 163 (1862); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, v. 178 (Mexico); Elliot, 
Illustr. B. N. Am. ii. pi. 37 (pt. vii 1867); Coop. Orn. Cal. 
i. p. 519 (1870) ; G. B. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 240, n. 9340 (1870); 
Duges, Naturaleza, i. p. 141, n. 172 (1870); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. 
Columbae, p. 22 (1873); Sclat. fy Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 133 (1873); Baird, mew., fy Bidgw. Hist N. Am. Birds, iii. 
p. 
387 (1874); Laior. Mem. Post Soc. N. H. ii. p. 305 (1874); 
id. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mm. n. 4, p. 44 (1876); Sanchez, An. Mus. 
VOL. xxi. 2 H 

460 
PEEISTBRIDJB. 

Nac. Mexico, i. p. 105, n. 493 (1878); Ridgw. Cat. p. 466 (1880); 
Sumichrast, Naturaleza, v. p. 232, n. 31 (1881); Salv. Cat. B. 
Strickl. Coll. p. 247 (1882); Coues, Check-list, 2nd ed, p. 92, 

n. 549 (1832); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 328 (Aeapulco); Coues, 
Key JST. Am. B. 2nd ed. p. 570 (1884); A. 0. U. Check-list K 
A. Birds, p. 181, n. 321 (1886); F-Perez, U.S. Nat. Mils. is. 
p. 175 (Mexico) (1886); Midgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 216 (1887) ; 
Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 39 (1889); Kerr era, Naturaleza, (2) i. p. 327, 
n. 185 (1890); id. Apwit. de Omitol p. 21, n. 123 (18—?); Bendire, 
Life-Hub N. A. Birds, p. 152 (1892); Attwater, Auk, 1892, 
p. 233 (Texas). 
Scardafella squamosa, Baird (nee auct), B. 2V*. Am. p. 605 (1853). 
G-eopelia inca, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columbae, p. 133 (1873). 
Scardafella squamosa, var. inc*, Coues, Check-list, n. 375 (1374). 
Micropelia inca, Hein. $ J&chnw. Nomencl. Mas. Hein. Onu p. 283 
(1890). 

Adult male. Upper parts, including all the wing-coverts, greyish, 
brown, each feather tipped with a erescentic bar of blackish ; forehead 
and chin whitish; lower parts pale vinous, passing into buff 
on belly, flanks, and lower tail-coverts, the latter with a greyish 
mark along the middle; chin, throat, and upper part of chest 
immaculate, bat feathers of breast and abdomen tipped with blackish 
bars, broadest on flanks ; bastard-wing blackish brown; primary-
coverts cinnamon, broadly tipped with blackish; primaries cinnamon, 
with brown tips, and the outer ones also with brown outer 
webs; secondaries brown, cinnamon along the middle; greater 
wing-coverts slightly paler than the others; under surface of the 
wing cinnamon, but the tips of the quills brown and the inner 
under wing-coverts black; central pair of rectrices uniform greyish 
brown, next two pairs greyish brown, darker towards the tip, the 
three outer pairs black, with the apical portion white: "irides 
reddish; legs and feet pale flesh-colour" (C. G, Taylor). Total 
length about 8 inches, wing 3*6, tail 4, bill 0*54, tarsus 0*65. 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat duller and smaller. 

Young. Similar to the adult bird, but with no vinous colour 
beneath and with browner upper parts, mottled with huffish white 
near the black edges. 

Hal. Rio Grande Valley, Arizona, Lower California, Mexico, and 
south to Nicaragua. 

a. Ad. sk. La Paz, Lower California. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b.'<$ 
ad.sk. Laredo, Texas (H. B. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Butcher). 

c. S 
ad. sk. Hidalgo, Texas, April (F. B. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Armstrong). 
d. Ad. sk Corpus Christi, Texas, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(F. B. Armstrong). 
e,f <S ? ad. sk. Macosari, Sonora, Mexico,Mar. Salvin-Godman Coll. w 
(J. C. Cahoon). 
g,h, 
£ Jad.sk. Kio Mavo, Sonora, Mexico, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
May (W. Lloyd). 

t. 
<S ad. sk. Guaymas, Mexico, Jan. (M. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
A Frazar). 
k. 
<$ ad.sk. 
I. S ad. sk. 
m. $ ad. sk. 
n-w. 
$ J ad. et 
imm. sk. 

x. S ad. sk. 
y. 
S ad. sk. 
z-dr. $ ad. et 
ad. sk. 

e\f',g'. ? ad. 
et ad, sk. 

h'-l'. d ? ad. 
et J juv. sk. 
m\ ri. Ad. sk. 

o'. $ ad. sk. 

p\ $ ad. sk. 
q'-t'. d1 ? ad. sk. 
u'9 vr. J ad. sk. 
w'-z'. ($ 5 ad. sk. 
a",b".d $ ad.sk. 

c\ $ ad. sk. 

d". S ad. sk. 

e"TA". Ad. et 
juv. sk. 
i". $ ad. sk. 


&", V. $ ad. et 
ad. sk. 
m",n". cS $ ad. 
sk. 
o". £ ad. sk. 

p", $ ad.sk. 

q". Ad. sk. 

7 . SCAKDAHBLLA. 
Rio de la Lilla, N. Leon, 
Mexico, April (i?7. i?. ^trw~ 

strong). 

San Augustine, N.Leon, Mexico, 

May (P. 5. Aimstroncf). 
Vagiuria, N. Leon, Mexico, 
May (F. B. Armstrong). 


Topo Chico, N. Leon, Mexico, 
March, April (F. B. Ar?nstrong). 


Tomasachic, Mexico, March 

{W.Lloyd). 

Santiago, Terr, of Tepic, 
Mexico, May (TF. B. Richardson). 


Bolafios, JaL, Mexico, Feb., 
March, July (W. B. Richardson), 


Mazatlan, W. Mexico, Nov. 

{ToiTes, Xanthus, and Grayson) 
. 

Tonila, Jalisco, Mexico, June 

( W. Lloyd). 
Acapulco, Mexico, Mar., Sept. 
(H. K. Smith and Capt. 
Markhani). 
Soledad, State of Guerrero, 

Mexico, July (D. W. Smith). 
Puebla, Mexico, Jan. 
Tampico, Mexico, Feb. ( W. B. 

Richardson). 

Tamesi, near Tampico, Mexico, 
March ( W. B. Richardson). 
Aguas Calientes, Mexico, Aug. 

(W. B. Richardson). 
Plains 
of San Luis Potosi, 
Mexico, July (TV. B. Richardson). 


Neuvo Laredo, Tamaulipas, 
Mexico, March (F. B. Ar?7istrong). 


Aldama, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 
March ( W. B. Richardson). 
Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico 

(Mrs. JEC. JET. Smith). 
Chiinalpa, Valley of Mexico, 
Dec. (Fei%rari-Perez). 
Ixtapalapa, Valley of Mexico, 
Feb., March (Ferrari-Perez). 
Coapa, Valley of Mexico, Mar. 

(Ferrari-Perez). 

Oulhuacan, Valley of Mexico, 
Dec. (Ferrari-Perez). 
Atotonilco, Mexico, Aug. 

(Ferrari-Perez). 

Near the City of Mexico. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coil. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

2H2 

468 PERISTEEIDJE. 
r". <$ ad. sk. Putla. Tweeddale Coll. 
s". <$ ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico, Dec. (A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
t". Ad. sk.
u". $ ad. sk.
Forrer). 
La Antigua, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 
Sept. (31. Trujillo). 
Plan del Rio, Mexico, July 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
SalTin-Godman Coll. 
v". Ad. sk.
(Ferrari-Perez), 
Mexico. Verreaux Coll. 
w". 9. ad. sk.
x". Ad. sk. 
Tekuantepec, Mexico, Feb.
(IV. B. Richardson), 
Choctum, Vera Paz, GuateSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
y". J ad. sk.
mala (0. Salvin). 
Duerlas, Guatemala, Julv Salvin-Godman Coll. 
z". 2 ad. e"^ juv.
sk.
(O.S.). 
San Geronimo, ^ era Paz, Jan. 
{O.8.). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

a*, b3> 6 ? ad. sk. La Libertad, Salvador, Feb. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(W.B.Richardson).


c, d3. <$ 2 ad. sk. CMnandega, Nicaragua, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(W. B. Richardson). 
e\ Juv. sk.* El Yolcan, Nicaragua, May Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(W. B. Richardson). 
8. GY1O0PELIA. 
lype. 
Gymnopelia, Sclat. $• Salv. Xomencl. Ac. Neotrop. 

p. 156 (1873) G. erytlirotliorax. 
Range. The same as that of the only species. 
First primary slightly scooped. Perioptic space broadly naked. 
Tail short, almost square. 

1. (xymnopelia erytlirotliorax 
Columba ervthrothorax, Meyen (nee Tem?n.)fXov. Act. Ac. Leopold. 
xvi. Suppl. p. 98, t. xvi. (1833). 
Columba rnonticola, Tsch. (nee VieilL) Faun. Per. pp. 45, 276 (184446). 
Columbina erytlirotliorax, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 474, n. 4 (1845); 
Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 16, t. 253. f. 1408 (1862). 
Cliama^pelia anais, Less. Fcho du Monde Saiant, 1845, p. 8. 
Columba (Chamsepelia) anais, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 210 

(1847). 
Columbina monticola, Rchnb. Syn. Av. f. 1408 (1847). 
Metriopelia anais, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 76 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 

xl. pp. 23, 220, n. 224 (1855) j id. Coup cTcsil OrdrePig. pp. 40, 58, 
n. 224 (1855). 
Coiumbula erytlirotliorax, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 80 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend. xl. p. 220, n. 237 (1855); id. Coup oVoeil Ordre Pig. p. 58, 

n. 237 (1855). 
Chamaspelia gymnops, G. R. Gr. Mm. Brit. Jide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. 
p. 76 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 23 (1855); id. Coup $ mil 
Ordre Pig. p. 40 (1855). 
Columbula monticola, Bp.fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 80 (1854). 

8. OTQINOPELIA. 
469 

3Ietriopelia erythrothorax, Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 24 (1855); id. 
Coup d'xil Ordre Pig. p. 41 (1855); id. Compt. Rend, xliii. pp. 946, 
949(1856). 

Peristera anais, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit Mus. ColunibEe, p. 53 
(1856). 
Metriopeleia anais, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 18 (1862): G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 242, n. 9369 (1870). 
Chamsepelia anais. Sclat. P. Z. S. 1866. p. 100 (Lima): Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 633 (1872). 
Ohainsepelia ervtkrotliorax, Sclat fy Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 989,1868, 

p. 570,1869, p. 155; Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 633 (1872). 
Metriopeleia ervtlirothorax, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 242, n. 9372 
(1870). 
Gymnopelia 
ervthrothorax, Sclat. 8? Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
"pp. 133, 156 (1873); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 555; Gieb. Thes. Orn. 

iii. p. 807 (1877); Salv. Cat B. Strichl. Coll p. 548 (1882); Tacz. 
Orn. Per. iii. p. 249, Tables, p. 102 (1886); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1886, 
p. 402 (Tarapaeaj; Allen, Bull Am. Mus. N. II. ii. p. 105 
(Bolivia) (1889); Hein. § Rclmiu. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. 
p. 284 (1890) ; James, New List CMl. Birds, p. 10, n. 172 (1892). 
Adult male. Upper parts brown, with, the tips of the feathers 
whitish, the light tips broader on the wing-coverts; head, neck, and 
upper breast vinous, fading into white along the middle of the throat 
and into whitish buff on the lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-
coverts; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills brown-black, 
primaries with partial narrow light edges, the secondaries tipped 
with whitish; under wing-coverts brown-black; two central tail-
feathers brown, next two pairs brown towards the base, black on 
the apical portion, three outer pairs black, tipped with white, the 
white of the tips increasing towards the outer feathers, which have 
also the outer webs partly white ; a broad naked skin round the eyes 
yellow or orange, surrounded by a line of black feathers ( W. Nation): 
"bill blackish; feet pale flesh-colour; iris blue" (TaezanowsJci); 
" iris yellowish white " (Jtegnoli, Mus. Turin). Total length about 
7*5 inches, wing 4, tall 2*75, bill 0%5, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Similar to the male, but the breast light asny grey 
instead of vinous (TaczanowsJci). 
Hab. Mountains of Peru, Bolivia, and "E. Chili 

a. S ad. sk. Tinta, Peru, June. H. White.y, Esq. [C.]. 
b. Inirn. sk. Iquique, Peru (H. Rowland). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c Q a(^* s^Arequipa, 
S.W. Peru, June Salvin-Godman Col.. 
(IT. Whitely). 
d. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. f. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a, h. Ad. sk. et Bolivia. T. Bridges, Esq. [O.]. 

st. 
(Type of Cham&pelia gymnops, G. B. Gr. ?) 

i. 
(5 imm. sk. Prov. of Tarapaca, N. Chili, Berkeley James Coll. 
Jan. 
PEEISTEB2D-3B. 

470 

Subfamily IV. PERISTERIXE. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. 
Tail longer than half the wing. 
a'. First '"primary not abruptly attenuated 
at the tip. 
a". Central and outer tail-feathers 
shorter than the intermediate ones ; 
a steel-blue band on the upper 
wing-coverts v 9. COLUMBULA, p. 470. 

b". Tail° rounded ; separate metallic 
spots on the upper wing-coverts. 
az. Tail moderate, shorter than the 
-wing 10. CHAMJEPELI \, p. 472. 
¥. Tail much longer than the wing . 11. UKOPELIA. p. AH). 
b'. First primary sharply attenuated at 

the tip. 
c". Tail longer than the wing 13. ( >XYPI:LIA, p. 4(M\. 
d". Tail shorter than the wing 13. PLIUMERA, p. 41)1. 

b. 
Tail short, about half the lenuth of the 
wing; under tail-coverts black 14. MKIKXOPKLIA, p. 4U7. 
9. COLUMBULA, 
Type. 
C'dumbina, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 57 (l<k25) C. picui. 
Columbula, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. SO (1854); id. L'ompt. 

Bend. x3. p."22 (1833) 
C. picui. 

Bancje. Confined to South America. 

1. Columbula picui. 
Paloma picui, Azara, Ajjimt. i. p. 23, n. 324 (1803). 
Le Picui, D''Azara, Toy. Am. Aferid. (ed. Sonn.) iii. p. 130, n. 324 
(1809). 
Culumba mcui, Temm. Piq. et Gallin. i. pp. 433, 498 (1813) (ex 
If Azara); Vieill. X. I), xxvi. p. 383 (lblS) ; id. JEne. Meth. L 

p. 385 (1823); Desm. Diet. Sc. Xat xl. p. 310 11820); Wagt. Sytt. 
Av. Columba, sp. 87 (1827); Less. CompL de Buff*., Ois. viiL p. 13 
(1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. ii. p. 272 (1840); Knip £ Prei\ Fig. 
ii. p. 71, pi. 39 (1838-43). 
Goura picui, Stepk Gm. Zool. xi. p. 135 (1819). 
Columbina strepitans, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 57, t. Ixxv. f. 1 (1823); 
Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. ll o (Chili, Mendoza); G. It. Gr. Gtn. B. 

ii. p. 474, n. 2 (1843) ; Tarreii, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 33 (egg); JlcJuib. 
JSyn. Av. f. 1405 (1847) (ex Spix); Marti. Xaumahnia, 1833, 
p. 221 (Chili); Rchnb. Tauten, I p. 16, t. 253. £ 1403 (1802); 
Pelz. Novara Reise, Vog. p. 109 (eixg) (1805). 
Columba strepitans, Way I. Sy&t. ^b. lLrokunha, sp. 109 (1827); Less. 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 61 (1837) j id. op. cit 2nd ed. p. 285 
(1838). 

Chsemepelia picui. Sell. Natural. Libr., Pigeons, p. 201 (1835). 
Chamsepelia strepitans, Hartl Syst. Verz. p. 99 (1844) : Gieb. Thes. 
Orn. i. p. 636 (1872). 

9 . COLUMBULA. 
471 
Columbina picui, G. R. Gr. List of GallincB B. M. p. 13 (1844); id 
Gen. B. ii, p. 474, n. 1 (1845); Hartl. Lid. Apunt. Azar. p. 21, 

n. 324 (1847) ; Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbaria, Novit. t. 253 b.ff. 3377 
-78 (1851); id.Av. Si/st. Nat p. xxiv (1852); id. Tauben. i. p. 17, 
t. 253 b.ff. 3377-78 (1862), ii. p. 163 (1862). 
Columbula 
strepitans, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 80 (1854) ; id. Compt. 
Bend. xl. pp. 23, 220, n. 236 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Big. 
pp. 39, 58, n. 230 (1855); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. 31m. Columb
®, p. 45 (1856); Burm. Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., Vogel, p. 299 
(1856) ; Mat. P. Z. S. 1807, pp. 330, 339; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, 

ii. p. 240, n. 9344 (1870); Feb. Dm. Bras. pp. 276 (note), 450 
(1871); Soma, JIus. Xac. Lhb. Col umbos, p. 21 (1873). 
Columbula picui, Bp. Con^p. Av. ii. p. 80 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 

xl. pp. 23, 250, n. 238 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 39, 
58, n. 238 (Iboo); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 46 
(1850); Burm. Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., For/, ii. p. 300 (1856); id. 
J. f. O. 1860, p! 259; id. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 496 (1861) 
(Mendoza, Parana, Tucuman); Sclat $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 143 
(Conehitas); Sternberg, J. f. O. 1869, p. 273 (Buenos Ayres); 
Holtz, J. f O. 1870, p. 19 \egg); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 240, 
n. 9344 (1870) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 276, 451, liv (1871); Sclat. 
§ Sato. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 133 (1873) ; Bumf. Ibis, 1876, 
p. 163 (Buenos Ayres), 1877, p. 193; Sclat. # Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, 
p. 640 (Bolivia) ; Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 7; Bumf. Ibis, 1880, p. 418; 
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 626; Barrows, Auk, 1884, p. 275 (Lower 
Uruguay); Boech, Mitih. orn. Ver. Wien, 1884, p. 165; Gibs. Ibis, 
1885", p. 282 ; Berl. $ Jher. Zeitsch. d. ges. Orn. 1855, p. 176 (Rio 
Grande do Sul); Berl. J. f O. 1887, p. 124; JVithington, Ibis, 1888, 

p. 465 ; Sclat Argent. Orn. ii. p. 143 (1889); Holl. Sf Sclat Ibis, 
1891, p. 16; Harfert, Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 187 (1891); Frenzel, 
J. f. O. 1891, p. 123 ; Holland, Ibis, 1892, p. 209; James, New List 
Chit Birds, p. 10, n. 170 (1892). 
Chamapelia pkui, Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 635 (1872). 
Peristera picui, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 137 (1873).


Adult male. Above brownish cinereous, forehead almost white; 
occiput and nape pure grey; beneath pale vinaeeous, becoming white 
on the throat, lower belly, and crissum ; inner upper wing-coverts 
like the back, the outer ones paler, and these, together with the inner 
secondaries, bordered with white on the outer wsbs ; on the lesser 
wing-coverts a narrow band of steel-blue; quills, primary-coverts, 
bastard-wing, and under wing-coverts black; four or six central tail-
feathers like the back, the next two pairs white, edged with brownish 
grey on the outer webs, the outer feathers entirely white: bill black ; 
" iris lilac " ( White) ; feet purple-red. Total length about 7 inches, 
wing 3*6, taH 3*3, bill 0*45, tarsus 0-65. 

Female. Similar, but duller; above nearly uniform brown ; breast 
pale brown with no vinous tinge. 

Hab. S. Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine, Chili, and Bolivia. **> 

An adult specimen, apparently a female, from Ceara, IS. Brazil, 
mentioned below, is much lighter than any other I have seen. 

a. Ad. sk. Paraguay. Alan Peel, Esq. [P.]. 
b. Ad, sk. Buenos Ayres, Dec. H. Durnford, Esq. [C], 
c. Ad. sk, Eio Negro. 

PEEISTEEIDJB. 

d. Ad. sk. 
e}f. 6 $ ad. sk 
g. Ad. sk. 
h} i. <S ad. sk. et 
st. 
kj I. <$ imm. sk. 

m, n, o. Ad. sk. 
p, q. 2 ad. et <$ 
imm. sk. 

r. § ad. sk. 
s. J ad, sk. 
t. <5 imm. sk. 
u. Ad. sk. 
Mendoza ( Weisshaupt). 
Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). 
Bolivia. 
Chili. 


Prov. Santiago, Chili 


{Lei/bold), 

Central Chili. 
Chapada, Matto Grosso, 

Sept., Oct. (2T. JET. £W^). 
Cuyaba, Brazil (Natterer). 
Villa Maria, Brazil, Sept. 

(Natterer). 
Ceara, North Brazil (Jesse), 

Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 

J. Bridges, Esq. [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Berkeley James Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

0. Darwin, Esq. [P.]. 
10. 
CHAMJE3PELIA. Type> 
Columbigallina, Boie *, Isis, 1820, p. 977 C. pa&serina. 
Chasmepelia, Sw. Zool Journ. iii. p. 361 (1827) C. passerina. 
Columbina, G. B. Gr. List Gen.B. p. 58 (1840) (nee Spiv, 

1825)., C. passerina. 
ChamaBpelia, G.B. Or. List Gen. B. 2nd ed. p. 75 (1841). 
Chamsepeleia, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxiv (1852). 
Talpacotia, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 79 (1854) C. talpacoti. 
Pyrgitoenas, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 14 (1862) C. passerina. 
Leptopelia, Heine, Nomencl. Mus. JELein. Orn. p. 283 

(1890) 
C. talpacoti. 

Range. Erom Southern. United States and Mexico through Central 
America to South America, as far south as IN". Chili and Paraguay. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Tarsus entirely naked (Chamcepelia). 
a'. Under surface of the wings cinnamon. 
a". Breast-feathers dark in the centre, producing 
a scale-like appearance passerina, p. 473. 
b". Breast-feathers uniform; pale vinous in the 
male, pale brown in the female minuta, p. 481. 
b'. Under surface of the wings not cinnamon, but 
brown-grey, with the innermost under wing-
coverts black; a chestnut band on the upper 
wing-coverts; male vinous below, female pale 
earthy grey cruziana, p. 483. 

b. Sides of the tarsus feathered (Talpacotia). 
cf. Under surface of the wing not cinnamon; under 
wing-coverts entirely black. 
c". General plumage vinous, similar to that of 


C. minuta buekteyi, p. 484. 
d". Genera ]plumage brown-vinous red talpacoti, p. 485. 
d\ 
Under surface of the wing cinnamon, but the 
innermost under wing-coverfcs black . „ rufipennis, p. 487. 

* * Columbigallina, Boie, a long, badly constructed name, without generic 

characters, ougbt not to supersede Chamcepelia, J8w. 

10. 
CDAMiEPEIU. 'I7H 
3. Chamaepelia passerina. 
(1/U5-25) ; Catei. CW . i. p. 20, t. 20 (1754) 
Turtur parvus americanus, Br&. Oni. i. p. W ,1 ix. f. 1 (1700) 

moo?V' P' 611',?-.67 (179°) i Jl°,m'.Tabl. Enc. (Lv. 252 

16' PL 4a f

SA • ^1,o-J?«- - (LS11);'ZV»L l'uh « 

P P42°-' 407

^•v'n,n-„B(J813J 5 »"«««• JV- i>-^i !>• 401 (IHIH); 

i. 
p. 365 (1832); i^/m. P. £ 6'. 1834, p. 110 (Haiti); -,!«<&*. 
f1834) J X
£™V?*T* u' P- 471^ <W. ^ #'#> 0«. Mii. p. 12 

(1&J7); *& ^ <j& 2 nd ecL p< ^ (1S;^8); ^w7«0. Orw. iVw/^ v. 

P* 55^ P1

; 18i2 (1839) j id. Syn.v. 192 (1839); I)1 Orb. in La 
Sagras Mt&t.Nat. Cuba, Ois. p. 129 (large ed. p. 131) (1839); 
Temm.PL Col. i. TaW. JTfe^. p. 81 (1840); .4^ . i>\ Jw^r. v. 

p. 19 pi. 283 (1842); Denny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 38 (Jamaica, Cuba, 
Un. States) ; tfcteS. <?H«W*« Pels. p. 747, n. 335 (1848); tiumlev. 
CBfo. Vet.-Akad. Fork. 1869, pp. 586, 601 (San Bartholomew). 
Petite Tourterelle de St. Dominique, UAubent. PL EuL 243. f. 1. 
Cocotzin, Puff. Mist Nat. Ois. ii. p. 559 (part.?) (1771). 
Ground Dove, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. 2, p. 659 (1783); id. Suppl. p, 200 


X 
K l

n. 59 (1787). ' **
Goura passerina, j®fep& <?*». ZooJ. xi. p. 133 (1819), xiv. p. 296 
(1826). v \ » t 
Columba (Goura) passerina, Bp. Obs. Wils. p. 181 (1825). 
Columbig'allma passerina, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 977; Zeledon, Pr. US. 
Nat Mus. Tiii. p. 112 (1885); Rid</w. ibid.?. 581 (1885) (Cozumel 
Isl.) ; Cory, Ibis, 1886, pp. 472 (Barbados), 474 (Degrade); id. 
Auk, iii. p. 502 (1886); A. O. U. Code of Nomencl. etc. p. 181 
(1886); Wells, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1886, p. 625 (Grenada); id. 
List P. Grenada, p. 7 (1886); Pidijw. Man. N. Am. B. pp. 215, 
585 (1887); Cory, Auk, 1887, p. life ; Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N 

M. ii. p. 79 (1889) (Quito); Cory, B. W. Ind. p. 217 (1889); 
BerL J.f.O. 1892, pp. 97,102; Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. II. iv. 
p. 5Q (1892) (Venezuela); Cory, Auk, 1892, p. 48 (Maraguana) ; 
Scott, Auk, 1892, pp. 124 (Jamaica), 212; Attwater, Auk, 1892, 
p. 233 (Texas); Cherrie, Auk, 1892, p. 329 (Costa Ittca) ; Bendire, 
Life-Mist N. A. Birds, p. 148 (1892). 
Chaernepelia passerina, 8w. Zool. Jbum. iii. p. 361 (1827); Selb. Nat. 
Libr., Pigeons, p. 202 (1835); G. P. Gr. List B. BnL Mus. 
Columbse, p. 49 (1856); id. Mand-libt, ii. p. 239, n. 9336 (1870). 

Columba pusilla, Mus. BeroL; LicM. Preis-TWz. Meaic. Voy. etc. 

p. 3, n. 126 (1830); id. J.f.O. 1863, p. 58. 
* 
Quid:—1. Columba passerina, var. /3 (maculis paticissimis), Orn. S. N. i. 
2, p. 788 (1788)? f 
2. 
Columba passerina, var. y (oculis apadiceis, colli pectorLsque pennis 
diversicoloribus), Gm. ibid. ? 
3. 
Columba passerina, var. d (oculis spadiceis, corpore magis rubascente), 
Gbn. ibid. ? 
474 PEBISTERIDJi:. 

Chamepelia passerina, Bp. Comp. List, p. 41 (1838). 

Columbina passerina, G. B. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 58 (1840). 

Charnsepelia passerina, G. P. Gr. List Gen. B. 2nd ed. p. 75 (1841); 

Hartl. Syst. Verz. p. 99 (1844); id. Gen. B. ii. p. 475, n. 1 (1845); 
Tsch. Faun. Per. pp. 45, 275 (1844-46); Gosse, B. Jam. p. 311 
(1847); Rchnb. Syn. Av. ff. 1419-20 (1847); Cab. in Schomb* 
Guiana, p. 743 (1848); Gosse, Nat. Soj. in Jam. p. 173 (1851); 
 *Rchnb. St/st. Av. Columbaria, Novit. t. 266. if. 2875-78 (1851) ; 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 77 (1854) ; id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 20, 220, 

n. 227 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 37, bS, n. 227 (1855); 
Burnt. Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., Yog. ii. p. 296 (1856) ; Gundl.J. f. 0. 
1856, p. Il l (Cuba); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 205 (S. Andres 
Tuxtla, Mexico); Salle, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 236 (San Domingo) ; 
Baird, B. N. Am. p. 606 (1858); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 309 
(Jalapa), 391 (Oaxaca); Sclat $ Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 223 (Centr. 
Amer.); Bryant, Pr. Post. Soc. Nat. Hist vii. p. 120 (1859); 
Brewer, t. c. p. 307 (1860) ; Sclat. 8? Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 45 (Guatemala) 
; Coues § Prent. Smiths. Pep. 1861, p. 414; Mat. P Z. S. 
1861, p. 80; Albrecht, J.f 0. 1861, p. 55,1862, p. 204; Gundl J. 
f. 0.1861, p. 336; Taylor, Ibis, 1862, p. 129 (Florida); March, Pr. 
PMlad. Acad. 1863, p. 302 (Jamaica); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 178 
(Mexico); Dress. Ibis, 1865, p. 313 (Texas), 1866, p. 24; Bryant, 
Pr.Bost Soc. Nat. Mist. xi. p. 96 (1866) (Porto Rico); Cones, 
Pr. PMlad. Acad. 1866, p. 93 (Southern Arizona); Sclat. $ Salv. 
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 591 (Para); Baird, Ibis, 1867, pp. 276, 287, 289 
(Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Bermudas): Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. I". 
ix. p. 139 (1868) (Costa Eica), p. 207 (1869) (Yucatan); Frantz. 
J.f. 0.1869, p. 371; Sundev. (Efv. K. Vet.-Ah. Fbrh. 1869, pp. 580, 
601; Coop. M. Calif, p. 516 (1870); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 383 
(Santa Marta) ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 277,450, liv (1871) (Bnual) ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 635 (1872); Corns, Key N. Am. B. p. 226 
(1872); Sovsa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 20 (1873); Bayard, 
Ibis, 1873, p. 395 (Para); Sclat. $ Salv. NomeneL Av. Neoirop. 
p. 133, n. 1 (1873); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 175 (Barbadoes, W. 
Indies); Baird, Brew., fy Bidgw. Hist. N. Am. B. iii. p. 389, pi. 58. 
f. 6 (1874); Lawr. Bull U.S. Nat. Mus. n. 4, p. 44 (1876); Gundl 
J.f 0. 1874, pp. 296 (Cuba), 308, 313 (Porto Rico); Coues, B. 
North-West, p. 390, note (1874); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 43 (Costa 
Rica); Gundl. An. Soc. Bsp. Hist. Nat. vii. p. 349 (1878); id. J. 
f 0.1878, pp. 161,186 (Porto Rico); Lawr. Pr. U.S. Nat Mus. 
i. p. 487 (1878); Sanchez, An. Mus. Nac. Mexico, h p. 105 (1878); 
Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 43 (St. Vincent); Allen, Bulk Nutt. Orn. 
Club, v. p. 169 (1880); Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 314; Cory, B. 
Bahama I. p. 139 (1880); Maynard, B. B. N Am. p. 340 (1881) ; 
Sumichrast, Naturaleza, v. p. 231, n. 29 (1881); A. $ B. Newt. 
Handb. Jamaica, p. 114 (1881); Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi. 
p. 154 (1881) j Salv. Cat. B. StricU. Coll. p. 547 (1882); Sclat. 
List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 456 (1883); Tristr. Ibis, 1884, p. 168 
(San Domingo); Coues, Key N. Am. B. p. 569 (1884); Bidgw. 
Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. vii. p. 172 (1884) ( I of St. Thomas); Berl 
Jf O. 1884, p. 317 (New Granada); Boech, Mitth. orn. Ver. 
Wien, 1884, p. 165; Tacz. $ Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. Il l (Ecuador) ; 
Tacz. Orn. PSr. iii. p. 242, tabl. p. 102 (1886); Salv. Ibis, 1886, 
pp. 173, 509,1889, p. 377; Fetid, ibid. pp. 480, 490 (Barbadoes) • 
Sclat P. Z. S. 1889, pp. 326 (Dominica), 395 (Sta. Lucia); Tristr. 
Cat Coll B. p. 39 (1889); Salv. Ibis, 1890, p. 89; Hein. $ Rchnw. 

10. CIIAUU2PT3t,I\. .)y-( 
P- #* /J891).! f<*«> */• O. 1892, p. m ; ,s>to. I». /« . 1WI2, 

p. 500 (Aaguilla). ' 
Chomsepelia hortulana, TF,»tt. Naumannia, 1852, 2, T) 51! fllniin 
Chamsepeleia passerina, J&*«ft. „l„. #,,„,. AW. p. Wiv'(l852) 
Chamtepelu granatma, A,. C<WS;,. yjf„. ii. p. 77, «. 3 (1 Wota, M,ls. 

P d

,C" ™Z <?''tC £^. PP-n7> 38. OB, i'- 228 (18.-55) : ,SW,tf. J>. X. K 

5 J'*Tdf-«P--£--S- l«68.P-»3« (Riobmnbn, Ecuador) Mw*. 

IV. -4c. iVta. &. P/utaZ. 18(50, p. 19.5 (.Onrtlmffoni.); Law. Ann. 
m Iichnw

FVonm^ ^ '-$-Kometwl. Mus. Ilcin. Oni. p. 28;{ 

(lo90j. 
Oham^pelia albivitia, Bp. Camp. Av. ii. p. 77, n. 3 (1854) (Oarthagena) 
(type examined); wf. CW^f. AV/^Z. xl. pp. 21, 220, n. 229 
(1855) ; wi Co^j» r7'Q3i7 Ordre Piq. pp. 37, .08, 58, n. 229 (1855); 
J?wm. Si/st. Ueb. Th. Bras., Toy. ii. p. 290 (1850); 77^//. JTM, 
1864, p. 94 (Chacachacave, Trinidad); Finsch, P. Z. k 1870, 

p. 554; G.B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 240, n. 9340 (1870); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. i. p. 632 (1872). 
Ohamsepelia trochila, Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 77, n. 4 (1854) (Martinica, 
Bousseau, Mas. Pans) (type examined) • id. Compt. 
Bend, xl pp. 21, 220, n. 230 (1855) ; id. Coup dwil Ordre Pi</. 
pp. 37, 38, 58, n. 230 (1K55) ; G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. 
Columbae, p. 50 (185G) (Barbadoes); Barm. Si/st. Ueb. Th. Bras., 

Tog. ii. p. 296 (1856); A. $ B. Newt. Ibis, 1859, pp. 253, 375, 
377 (St. Croix, St. Thomas, Jamaica); Ccm. Proa. Ac. Nat. 
Sc. Philad. 1860, p. 378; Sclat P. Z. S. 1861, p. 80; id. Ibis, 
1862, p. 289 (Martinica^; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 171 (Porto Eico, 
St. Thomas); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 240, n. 9337 (1870); 
Sclat P. Z. S.1871, p. 266 (Santa Lucia); Sclat £ Semper, P. Z. S. 
1872, p. 653 (Sta- Lucia); ? Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Colimibao, 

p. 20 (1873). 
? Chamsepelia pumila, Zirht. Nomencl. p. 83 (1854) (Brazil). 
Ohamaspelia pusilla, "Zicht." Bp. Compt. Rend, xiiii. p. 945 (1850). 
Ohamsepelia passerina, var. pallescens, fiaird, Pr. Philad. Acad. 1859, 

p. 305 (Cape St. Lucas) j Cooper, Ornith. Calif, p. 517 (1870). 
Pyrgitcenas passerina, Bclmb. Tauben, i. p. 13, t. 256. t\\ 1419-20, 
t. 266. ft 2875-78, ii. p. 162 (1862). 
Pyrgitcenas granatina, Bclmb. Tauben, i. p. 14, ii. p. 162 (1802). 
Pyrgitcenas albivitta, Bclmb. Tauben, i. p. 14 (1862). 
Pyrgitcenas trochila, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 14 (1802). 
Columba (Ohamsepelia) passerina, Bryant, Pr. Post Soc. N II. x. 
p. 257 (1866). 
Chama?pelia pallescens, Grays. Pr. Post. Soc. N. II. xiv. p. 300 
(1871); Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. II ii. p. 305 (1874); Sanchez, 
An. Mus. Nac, Mexico, I p. 105, n. 497 (1878) (Mazatlan, Tres 
""Vrarias Isl.) 

Peristera passerina, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Columba*, p. 135 (1873). 
Oolumbigallina passerina pallescens, F.-Perea, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. 

* I have not been able to find the type of Ch.granatina in the Paris 
Museum, where it is apparently missing. 
476 
PEEISTERIDiE. 

ix. p. 175 (1886); Midgw. Man. N. Am. Birds, p. 586* (1887); 
Bmdire, Life-Ilist. N. Am. B. p. 150 (1892). _ ^ ^ 
Chameepelia bahamensis, Maymrd, Am. JSxch. and Mart, m. 188/, 

p. 33; Chapman, Bull Am. Mus. N. H. iv. p. 292 (1892). 
Chamarpelia purpurea, Maynard, Am. JExch. and Mart, iii, 1887, 
p. 33 (Continental race, E. N. America); Chapm. Bull. Am. Mus. 
JV. JET. iv. p. 293 (1892). 
Columbigallina passerina socorrensis, Riclgiu. Man. N. Am. Birds, 

p. 586 (1887) (Socorro I&L, Tree Marias P) f. 
Columbigallma passerina babarnensis, Bidgw. ibid. (Bahamas, 
Greater Antilles ?) %. 
Columbigallina 
passerina insnlaris, Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. 
1887, pp. 574, 575 (I. of Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea) §; Berl. 

J.f. 0. 1892, p. 98 (=*tm& passerina) 
Columbigallina passerina purpurea, Berl. J.f. 0. 1892, p. 97. 
Columbigallina passerina, subsp., Chapm. Bull. Am. Mus. N. S. iv. 
p. 292 (1892) (Cuba). 
Columbigallina passerina terrestris, Chajpm. Bull. Am. Mus. N. H. 
iv. p. 293 (1892) (E. N. America). 
Adult male. Back, rump, upper tail-coverts, scapulars, tcrtials 
and central tail-feathers greyish or olive-brown; forehead, sides 
of the head and neck, breast and abdomen purplish red or bright 
vinous, paler on the forehead and middle of the throat; occiput and 
nape "bluish grey, the feathers edged with dusky have a scale-like 
appearance, also the feathers of the sides of the neck have dusky 
edges; feathers of the lower throat and upper breast dusky brown in 
the centre, having a most conspicuous scale-like appearance; flanks 
dusky ; middle of the abdomen and basal under tail-coverts whitish, 
the longer ones dusky; upper wing-coverts purplish vinous; the 
exposed surface of the wing marked with blotches of a steel-blue 
with violet reflections; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and quills 
cinnamon, the latter margined externally and tipped with dusky 
brown, the inner secondaries and outer greater wing-coverts almost 
entirely of this colour; central tail-feathers like the back ; the 

* "Much paler than C.passerina, with rather longer wings and much smaller 
and more slender bill, the latter often (always in fully adult males?) red 
basally: wing 3-30-3*60 (3*46) inches, exposed culmen 0*42-0*47 (0*44), tarsus 
0-C0-O-66 (0*62). 
*" Hob. South-western United States (Texas to Arizona and Lower California), 
and south through Mexico (both coasts) to Central America." 
(Bidgway.) 

t " Back and rump deep olive-brown, plumage in general much deeper than 
in true C.passerina: wing 3*10-3-40 (3*28) inches, exposed culmen 0*41-0*44 
(0*42), tarsus 0*60~0'63 (0*62). 

" Bah. Socorro Islands, Western Mexico, Tres Marias ? " (Bidgway.) 

•J u Similar in colour of plumage to C. passerina pallescem, but still paler, 
with upper parts more ashy; bill chiefly or entirely black or dusky (rarely 
yellowish or orange at base): wing 3*13-3*30 (3*21) inches, exposed culmen 
0*40-0-47 (043), tarsus 0*60-0-64 (0*62). 
" Bab. Bahamas, Greater Antilles ?" {Bidgway.) 
§ "Similar to C.passerina bahamensis (Mayn.), but larger and with basal 
half (or more") of bill distinctly orange or yellowish. 
"Bab. Island of Grand Cayman, Caribbean Sea." (Bidgway.) 

10. CHAMXrEUA. 
4/ / 
others greyish at the base, black at the end, and with a brown od^o 
at the tip, the outer one tipped with white : "bill and foot yellow, 
the former tipped with brown'1 (Ifoird): "beak purpliwh "black; 
iris bright red; legs flesh-colour" (Dresser). Total length <M 
inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-8, bill 0-42, tardus 0-oo. 

Female. "With little or none of tho purplish red. 

Young. "Duller than the adult female ; the feathers of tho upper 
parts with a narrow terminal bar of white." (Baird, Braver, $ 
Riclgivay.) 

Hal. South Atlantic and Gulf States, Texas, New Mexico, 
Arizona, and California, south to the West indies, and through 
Central America to South America, as far as Tern and Paraguay. 

Chamcepelia passerina shows a good deal of individual variation, 

and also according to locality, and these varieties have been re


garded as distinct subspecies or even species, and named accordingly. 

After having examined a very large series of specimens from dif


ferent localities, from Southern United States, California, Central 

America, Antilles, and South America, as far south as Peru and 

Paraguay, I have arrived at the conclusion that there is only one 

species, which, probably on account of the different conditions of 

the soil, dampness, vegetation, and climate, varies a little in the 

depth and intensity 
of the vinous tinge and also of tho brown 

back; the most intense form seems to inhabit the Socorro Islands, 

but the Jamaica birds also appear to be rather brightly coloured. 

The American ornithologists lay much stress on the different 

colouring of the base of the bill, a character which I have been 

unable to test, and which almost entirely fails as regards the South 

American specimens, for want of information. 

a. $ ad. sk. N. America. llardw ieke Bequest. 
b. c. 
(3 9. ad. sk. Beaufort Co., S. C, Aug., Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sept. (W.Horie). 
d. $ ad. sk. Arizona, May (F. Stephens). Sharp Coll. 
eifj (1-d 2 a(l« e"k Camp Lowell, Arizona (II. Sah m-Godman Coll. 
* tf imm. sk. W. Hemhaw). 
h, i. Juv. sk. Tucson, Arizona, Sept. (II. Sah in-Godman Coll. 
Broion). 
k~p. 
d $ ad. sk. Brownsville, Texas, March, Salvin-Godman Coll 
April, Dec. (F. B. Armstrong). 


q. tf ad. sk. Cameron Co., Texas, April Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(F. B. Armstrong). 
r. tf ad. sk. Hidalgo, Texas, April (F. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
B. Armstrong), 
2 a(i-sk

s t.- Corpus Ohristi, Texas, Feb., Salvin-Godman Coll. 

' ' 
March (F. B. Armstrong). 

u~x'. <$ $ ad. et Tarpon Springs, Florida, Sabin-Godman Coll. 

iuv. sk. April, May, Aug., Sept., 

J 
Oct. (W. F.D.Scott), 

v' 9 ad. sk. St. Augustine, Florida, Feb. Sah in-Godman Coll. 

y * 
(G. A. JBoardtnan). 

%'. 8 ad. sk. Titusville, Florida, Aug. ( W. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Hoxie) 

478
a", b". c? $ ad. sk,
c". S ad. sk.


d". S ad. sk.
e",f\ S ad. sk.
g", h". 6 2 ad.


sk.
i". S ad. sk.
k", I". <$ ad. bk.
?n", n". $ $ ad.
sk.
o",p". S ? ad.sk.
a"-v". $ Qad.sk.

w". (S ad. sk.
x"y %j\ s". S ad.
sk.
az. 9ad.sk.
bs 

. J ad. bk.
<?. $ ad. sk.

d2. 5 ad. sk,

e3,/3. cT ad. sk.

gz, W. $ J ad.
sk.
P, kz. <$ $ ad. sk.

I3 3 

, m. £ ad. sk.
n3. $ ad. sk.

o3. cJ ad. sk.

p3. <J ad. sk.
q*. $ ad. sk.
r3. tf ad. sk.
s3. <$ ad. sk.

 PEKISTEBID-3B. 

 Cedar Keys, Florida, NOT.

(H. W.'Henshaw). 
California. 
San Jose del Cabo, Lower
California, Sept. 
La Paz, Lr. California, Feb.,
March (Forrer Sf Frazar). 
La Paz, Lr. California, April, 
Xov. 
Cape San Lucas, California

(J. Xcmti/s). 
Matanioros, Mexico, July (H.

E. Dresner). 
Sonora, Mexico, Feb., May 
</. 0. Cahoon). 
Sta. Rosa, Sonora, Mexico,
April {W. Lloyd). 

 Monte Morelas X. Leon,
Mexico, May (F. B. 
Armstrong), 

 Hacienda de Los Escobas,
May (F. B. Armstrong), 

 San BIa«, Ter. of Tepic, 
Mexico, May (W. B. 
Richardson). 

 Zapotlan, Jalisco, Mexico,
April {W.Lloyd). 
Chapala, Jalisco, Mexico^
Aug. (W. B. Richardson). 
Chilpaneinpro, 4000 feet,
Guerrero, Mexico, Aug. 

(D. W.Smith). 
Cliietla, Chiantla, Mexico,
June (Ferrari-Perez). 
Tampico, Mexico, Feb. (W.

B. Richardson). 
Tamesi, Tampico, Mexico, 
March (W. B. Richardson ). 

 Sota la Marina, Tamaulipas,
Mexico, April (JF. B. 
Richardson). 

 Aldama, Tamaulipas, Mexico,
March (W. B. Richardson). 
Sierra Madre, above CiudadVictoria, Tamaulipas, April 

(W. B. Richardson). 
Epatlan, Canton de Matamoros, 
Mexico, Xov. 

(Ferrari-Perez). 

 Chimalpa, Valley of Mexico,
Feb. [Ferrari-Perez), 
Axotla, Valley of Mexico,
March (Ferrari-Perez). 
Coapa, Valley of Mexico,
Feb. (Ferrari-Peres). 
Mexiealcingo, Valley ofMexico, Feb. (F,-Perez). 

 Salvin-Cxodman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 A. Forrer, Esq. "Of. 
Salvin-Godmac Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Gudman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Oudman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

f. $ ad. sk. 
u\ 6 juv. sk. 
fl3. $ JUV. Sk, 

sk. 
y3. ^ ad. sk. 

z\ a\ S 2 ad. sk. 
&4. rf ad. sk. 
cK d ad. sk. 

&\ J ad. sk. 

eK $ ad. sk. 
/*. S ad. sk. 

</4, A4. 6 2 ad. 

sk. 
2l. $ ad. sk. 
As1, /4. d 2 ad. sk. 
M1-?4. 6 2 ad. 

sk. 

rl, s4. (S ad. sk. 

*W4. d? ad. 

et juv. sk. 
wl. (5 ad, sk. 
A-4. <$ ad. sk. 


yl. c? ad. sk. 
z^-h\ <S 2 ad. sk. 
l\ $ ad. sk. 
ms. <$ ad. sk. 
rc5, o\ 6 ad. sk. 
I?5. J ad. sk. 

10. CHAM^IPELIi. 
Ixtapalapa, Valley of Mexico, 
JDec. {Ferrari-Perez). 
Culkuacan, Valley of Mexico, 
Feb. (Ferrari-Perez). 
Coatepec, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 
Sept. (Ferrari-Perez). 
Vera Cruz, Mexico, Feb. ( W. 

B. Richardson). 
Jalapa, Mexico, March (F. 
D. (?.). 
Jalapa, Mexico, July. 
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). 
Tehuantepec, Feb. (W. B. 
Richardscn). 

Salina Cruz, Tehuantepec, 
Feb. (W. B. Richardson). 


Environs of Mexico. 
Mazatlan, W. Mexico, Dec. 

(A. Forrer), 
Tres Marias Is., W. Mexico, 

March (A. Forrer). 
Socorro Isl. (A.J. Grayson). 
Guatemala. 
Panajachel, 5000 ft, Guate


mala, March, April, June, 
Sept. ( W. B. Richardson). 

Santa Maria, nr. Quezaltenango, 
Guatemala, Aug. 
(JF. B. Richardson). 

Duenaa, Guatemala, July 

(0. 8.). 
Guatemala (Fraser). 
Holbox Isl, Yucatan, Dec. 
(G. F. Gaumer). 
Peto, Yucatan, April (G. F. 
Gaumer). 
Cozumel Isl., Yucatan (G. 

F. Gaume?*). 
Mugeres Isl., Yucatan, Dec. 

(G. F. Gaumer). 
Orange Walk, Brit. Honduras, 
Dec. (6r.JP.Gaumer). 
San Jos£, Costa Pica, Jan. 

(J. Carmiol). 
Irazu Distr., Costa Rica (JET. 

Rogers). 

q5, r5. £ 2 &&• si:' Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. 
Buckley). 

s5,2s. tf ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (C. BucMey). 

w5, v5. $ ad. et Quito, Ecuador (Siggim). 
juv. sk. 
w5. $ ad. sk. Ecuador. 
x5. $ ad. sk. Borba, Brazil, April (Nat


te7*er\ 
t/5, z\ <$ 2 ad. sk. Para, Jan., July (22. L. 
iMyard). 

479 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
SalTin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

480

a*. (S ad. sk.
b*f c6. tf $ ad. sk.
d6

 <S ad. sk.
e6 f 6 2 acl. sk.


g, hB. 2 ad. sk.

ie',W. d ad. sk.

P m\ 6 ad. sk.

nb. J ad. sk.

oB. S ad. sk.

pe. <$ ad. sk.


q-toQ. (S 2 ad.
sk.


x&. 2ad.sk.

y6. 5 ad. sk.

z6. J ad. sk.

a7. $ ad. sk.

b7 7 

, c, d7. <$ J ad.
sk.

7 6 2 a(i sk*

e?/T-g\ 
cf ad. sk.
h\ $ ad. sk.
i\ k\ 6 $ ad. sk.

V, m\ <S 2 ad. sk.
n7. ? ad. sk.
o7. <$ ad. sk.

p7. o* ad. sk.
q7. $ ad. sk.
r7. $ ad. sk.

s7. <$ ad. sk.

tf. 2 a^-s^7 
7 3 2 a(*-s^*

u, v.

etst. 
w7. 6 ad. sk.

x7-a*. <$ ad. etjuv. sk.

 PERISTERID2E. 

 Para, Lower Amazons (A.

R. Wallace). 
Pernambuco, Brazil (W. A.
Forbes). 

 Quonga, Brit. Guiana, Sept.

(H. Wltitely). 
Annai, Brit. Guiana, April,

July (Whiteltj). 

 Venezuela. 
Trinidad. 
Grenada, W. I., March, July(JD. W. Smith). 

 Grenada, W. I., March (F.

A. Ober). 
Becqura, Grenadines, "W.
Indies, May (D. W. 
Smith). 

 Mustique, Grenadines, W. I.,
June (JD. W. Smith). 

 St. Vincent, W. I.; Feb., 
April, May, Aug. (D. W. 
Smith). 

 Barbadoes.W. I.

 Barbadoes, W. I. (Briggs).

 Salvin-Godman GolL 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-G-odman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Purchased. 

 Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Sir R. Schomburgk 
[P.]. 
Samn-Godman Coll 

 Santa Lucia, W. I. (Semper*). Salvin-Godman Coll 

 Santa Lucia, W. I., April

(Itamage).

 Dominica, W. I., March

 (Bamage). 
Guadaloupe, W. I. (F. A.
Ober). 

 St. Kitts, W. L, Feb. (C.

B. Cory). 
Tortola, W. 
I., Nov. (C. B.
Co?-y). 

 AnguiHa, W. I. 
Virgin Gorda, W. L, Nov.,
Dec. (C. B. Cory). 
St. Thomas, W. I. (B.
Sivift). 
Porto Rico (Bryant). 
Port au Prince, Hayti, April

(A. C. Younglove). 
San 
Domingo (C. G.
McGregor). 

 Hayti. 
Nr. Spanish Town, Jamaica,
June. 
-^r- Spanish Town, Jamaica,
Aug. ( W. T. March). 
Jamaica.

 Grand Cayman, W. I., March(CI J. Maynard). 
San Cristobal, Cuba, May

 (G. F. Gaumer). 
West India Oomm. 
Royal Soc. [P.]. 
West India Oomm. 
Royal Soc. [P.]. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 W. R. EUiot [C. 
W. R. Elliot fC. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Baron Maltzan [C.]. 

 Mrs. Bryant [P.j. 
Smithsonian Institution. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10 . CHAMJEPEL1A. 
68-e8. <J $ ad. ak. Bermudas. Qapt. Ravillo Held 
i C 1 
f\ Pull.sk. Bermudas, May (C. Hart Salvin-Godmon Coll. 
Merriam). 

2. Cliamsepelia mmuta. 
Turtur 
parvus fuscus americanut,, Briss. Orn. i. p. 110, pi. viii. f. 2 
(1760) (San Domingo!). * 
Oolmnba minuta, Linn. S. N. i. p. 285, n. 35 (1766) (ex Brisson); 
Gm. S. N. I % p. 788, n. 35 (1788); Lath, hid Orn. ii. p. 012, 

n. 68 (1790) ; Bonn. Em. Meth. i. p. 253 (1790); Temm. cV Knip, 
Pig. i. fam. trois. p. 28, pi. 16 (1808-11); Temm. Big. et Gallin. 
i. pp. 432, 498 (syn. emend.) (1813); Tieill N. B. xxvi. p. 404 
(1818); Besm. Bict. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 309 (put) (1826); Watjl. 
Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 89 (1827); Less. Tr. ffOrn. p. 474 (1831); 
id. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 12 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. 
p. 272 (1838); ?Benny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 39 (Jamaica! and 
Cuba!). 
? Petite TourtereHe de la Martinique (!), BAubent. PI Enl. 243. 

f. 2*. 
Passerine Turtle, var. A, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 660, n. 59 (1783). 
Columba grisea, Bonn. Enc. MUh. p. 252 (1790) (Cayenne, ex 
Holandre). 
Paloma enana, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 25, n. 325 (1805); Vieill N. B. 

xxvi. p. 382 (1818). 
Pigeon nam, Azara, Voy. {Bonn, ed.) iii. p. 137 (1809). 
Goura minuta, part., Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 137 (1819). 
Columbina griseola, Spiv, Av, Bras. ii. p. 58, t. Ixxv a. f. 2 (1825) 
(juv.). 
Chaemepelia minuta, Selb. Nat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 202 (1835). 
Cliamsepelia minuta, G. JR. Gr. List Gattin. B. M. p. 15 (1844); id. 

Gen. B. ii. p. 475, n. 3 (1845); Hartl. Ind. Azar. Apunt. p. 21, 

n. 
325 (1847) ; RcJmb. Syn. Av. ff. 1422-23 (1847); Peak, U.S. 
Expl. Exped., Birds, p. 207 (1848) (Callao). 
Peristera chalcostigma, Rcknb. Syn. Av. Columbaria, Novit. Suppt. 

t. 245 6. ft. 3533-34(1851). 
? Chamsepelia (!) pumila, III. in Mus. Berol 
ChaniEepelia racbidialis, Schif, in Mus. Franco/, (juv.),/^ Bp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 78 (1854); Hartert, Kat. Yogelsamml. p. 187 
(note^ (1891). 
Cbamsepelia griseola, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 78 (1854); id. Compt Rend. 

xl. pp. 21,220, n. 231 (1855); id. Coup &wil Ordre Pit/, pp. 38, m, 
n. 231 (1855); G.R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm, Columba, p. 50 (1856) ; 
Burm. Syst.TJeb. Th.Bras., Voy. ii. p. 296 (1856); JReinh. Vid. Med. 
Nat JFor.l870,p.56(Brazil); G.R Or. Hand-Iist,ii.j>. 240, n. 9338 
(1870); Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 277 (note) (1871) j Gieb. Thes. Om, 
i. p. 634 (1872); Sousa, Mus. Nae. Lisb. Columbia, p. 21 (1873); 
Sclat. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 133 (1873); Baird, Brew., 
& Ridgw. Hist. N. Am, B. p. 389 (1874); Sclat. & Salv P. Z. S. 
1876 v 17 (Peru); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 357 (N.E. Brazil); Salv. 
Cat.'l Strickl.Coll p. 547.(1882),; id, Ibis, 1886 p 173 
(Roraima); Tacz. Orn. Fir, in. p. 244, TaM. p. 102 (1886); 
* I bave very little doubt tbat D'Aubenton's figure has been copied from 
Brisson's. 
4-) 
VOL. XXI. 

PEEISTERIB-E, 

Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 39 (1889); Hem, 4- Bchiw. Xomencl. Mm. 
Hein. Orn. p. 283 (1890); Hartert, Kai. Vvgehamml p. 187 
(1891). 
Ckanisepelia aniazilia, Bp. Consp. Ai\ ii. p. 7b {1&O4t (Peru, Casttlnau) 
(type examined): id. Cotnpt Bend. xi. pp. 51, 220, n. 232 
(1855) :*w7. 6Wj» <fo?# Ordre Pig. pp. 3?. 5*1 n. 232 (1855) ; 
Sclat.P. Z. S. 1858, p. 30 (Bogota!; G. B, Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. 
Colunib®, p. 50 (1856); Cass. U.S. JExpl Eqx. Birth, p. 270 
(1858); Sclat § Sab. P.Z.S. 15t>4, p. 370 < Panama); Sclat. 

B. Z. S. 1806, p. 100 (Peru); Scht. 4* Salv. P. Z. S. 1807, p. 753 
(Xeberos); G. B. Gr. Hand-lid. ii. p. 240, n. 9339 (1870j; Pelz. 
Om. Bras. pp. 277, 450, liv (1871); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 383 
(Colombia); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. I. p. 632 fl^72): Sclat $ Sate. 
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 306 (Xeberos); Tacs. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 555 ; Berl 
J.f. 0.1884, p. 319. 
Cbamsepelia granatina, Laxor. (nee Bp.) Ann. Lgc. JV. II vii. p. 333 
(1801) (Panama). 
Pvrgitoenas griseola, Bckab. Tavben, 1. p. 15, t. 256. £ 1422-23, 
"t.24od.ff. 3533-34(1862). 
Pyrgitoenas amazilia, Bclmb. Taubpti, i. p. 35, ii. p. 102 (1802). 
Goura griseola, Sckleg. Be Dierent, p. 20& (1864). 
Peristera griseola, Schleg. Mus. P.-A CoIuinW. p. 135 (1H73). 
Columbigallina griseola, Berl J.f.O. 18^7, pp. 34, 124 (Paraguay). 

Adult male. Crown, nape, and upper tail-coverts u^hy ; back 
greyish brown; occiput with a brown tinge; forehead slightly 
tinged with vinous; throat, breast, and abdomen vinaceou** ; lower 
abdomen whitish grey; crissum grey, the feathers white on the 
edges; upper wing-coverts greyish vinous, the inner ones with some 
steel-blue blotches; bastard-wing and primary-coverts black ; tinder 
wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner webs of the quills cinnamon; 
the latter with the outer webs and tips dusky Hack; two central 
tail-feathers like the back ; lateral feathers grey, with a broad 
subapical black band; outer tail-feathers edged with white at the 
tip: " bill brown ; iris violet-red; feet flesh-colour '* { TaezanotrsJa). 
Total length about 6 inches, wing 8, tail 2, bill 0*42, tarsus \)'5. 

Female. "Upper parts pale greyish brown, with an olive cast, 
forehead paler; steel-blue spots on the wings as in the male ; greater 
upper wing-coverts edged with white ; throat and abdomen whitish: 
breast and flanks pale greyish brown; under tail-coverts pale buff, 
-with the centres dusky grey ; under surface of the wing as in the 
male; also the tail as in the male, only the central feathers 
browner. 

Hah. From Southern Mexico through Central America to Guiana, 
Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru. 

a, b, S &d. st. S. America, Gould Coll. 
c. 2 ad. sk.
d} e. S ad. sk.
/,</• 6 ? ad. sk.
h. [ g ] ad. sk. 
Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico,
May (D. W. Smith). 
Retalnuleu, Guatemala,
April, July (W. B. 
Bichardson). 
Isthmus of Panama (ArcS). 
Panama {McLeannan). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

10 . CHAlLaSPELIl. 
i-m. c? 2 a&sk. 
Bogota. Purchased. 
n. <5 ad. sk. Trinidad. Purchased. 
o. 2 ad. sk. 
p,q. 6 2 ad. 
r. <S ad. sk. 
sk. 
Martinique ? 
Rio Yuruani, Brit. Guiana, 
2700ft. June (H". Whitely). 
Quonga, Brit. Guiana. Feb. 
Verreaux Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
in'. Whitely). 
s, $ ad. sk. Annai, Brit. Guiana, July 
(Whitely). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2, w. d 2 ad. sk. 
v, w* 3 $ ad. sk. 
Brazil (Verreaux).
Pernambuco, Brazil 
{Forbes). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
x> y, -• <? ? ad. BaMa, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
sk. 
«'. J ad. sk. Chapada, Matto Grosso, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
&'. S ad. sk. 
Brazil, July (JET. K Smith),
Xeberos, E. Peru, June (B. 
Bartlett). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
</. $ ad. sk. 
d\ <$ ad. sk. 
Lima, Peru. 
Peru. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
e'. Skeleton. S. America. Purchased. 

3. diamsepelia cruziaua. 
Columba cruziana, LfOrl. MS. (Bolivia); PrSv. fyKnip, Pig. ii. p. 89, 
pi. 48 (18:38-43). 
Columba jmicilis, Tscft. Wiegm. Archw, 1843,1. p. 385 (Peru); id, 
Fau/i, Par,, Aces, pp. 45, 277, t. xxx. (1844). 
Columbina Gracilis, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 474, n. 5 (1845); 
Rehnb. Syn. AD. 11407 (1847). 
Peristera cruziana, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470; n. 18 (1845); 

ScMeg. litis. P.-B. Columbae, p. 137 (1873). 
Colombicolin peruvien, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ok. p. 212 (1847). 
Chamaspeleia cruziana, Rchnb. Ai\ Syst. Nat. p. xxiv (1852). 
? Oharnsepelia cyanostigma (errore), Bclmb. in Bibra, Denkschr. h. 

AM. Wismuch v. 2, p. 130 (1853) (Chili); id. J.f. 0.1855, p. 56. 
Columbula cruziana, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 80 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. 

xl. pp. 23, 219, n. 239 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 39, 58, 
n. 239 (1855); G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columb©, p. 40 (1856); 
Sclat. P.Z. 8. 1858, p. 461 (Cuenca, Ecuador), ? 1860, p. 289 (Babahoyo, 
Ecuador); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii, p. 240, n. 9346 (1870); 
Soma, Mm. Nai. Lisb. Oolumb®, p. 21 (1873); Tacz. P. Z. S. 
1874, p. 555 (Oentr. Peru), 1877, p. 754, 1879, p. 243, 1880, 
p. 213. 
Columbina cruziana, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 16 (1862), ii. p. 163, SuppL 
ti . £1,2(1802). 
Chanwepelia cruziana, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 100 (Lima); Sdat. $ 
Sate. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 989, 1868, pp. 176, 570 $ Gieh. Thes. Orn. 

I. p. 633 (1872); Sclat. $ Sate. NomencL Av. Neotrop. p. 133 
(1873): iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 640; Berl. § Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, 
p. 575;' Boech, Mitih. orn. Ver. Wien, 1884, p„165; Tacz. Orn. 
PSr. iii. p. 248, Tables, p. 102 (1886); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 402 
(N. Chili); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 (1889); James, New List 
ChU. Birds, p. 10, n. 171 (1892). 
Metriopeleia gracilis, G. M. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 242, n. 9373 (1870). 

Adult male. Upper parts pale greyish, brown; upper part of the 

484 PEKISTEKID^."' 

head and checks grey, changing into vinous on the lower partsf 
brighter or more rosy on the abdomen, and under tail-coverts; 
throat whitish ; wing-coverts pale vinous, on the shoulders a chestnut-
purple band ; anterior greater wing-coverts broadly tipped with 
steel-black spots on the inner upper wing-coverts and on both webs 
of the inner secondaries or tertials; primary-coverts and quills 
(except the inner secondaries) greyish black ; the secondaries have 
the bases of the outer webs tinged with steel-blue; outer under 
wing-coverts greyish like the under surface of the quills, the inner 
ones and the axillaries black; central tail-feathers brownish grey, 
the lateral ones black towards the tip, grey at the base; outer 
tail-feathers almost entirely black, but the outer edge towards the 
tip whitish: " bill black, with the base yellow; irides red; legs 
red " (Fraser). Total length 7'5 inches, wing 3*9, tail 2*75, 
bill 0-56, tarsus 0*75, 

Female. Differs from the male in being pale greyish brown also 
on the underparts, the latter much paler than the upper parts, 
almost whitish on the throat, abdomen, and under taQ-coverts; 
forehead greyish. Size smaller. 

Young male. Similar to the female, but the underparts mixed 
whitish and vinous. 
Bob. Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, and N. Chili. 

a. 1mm. sk.
b, c. Imm. sk. 
Guayaquil. 
Puna Island, Ecuador 
Capt. Kellett & Lieut, 
Wood [P.]. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
d. 1mm. sk.
(Buckley). 
Bolivia. Verreaux Coll. 
e. & ad. sk.
f. $ ad. sk. 
Arequipa, S.W. Peru, May 
(Whitehj). 
Lima, Peru. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll* 
g. h. $ ad. sk.
hfyl. (S $ ad.sk. 
Central Peru (JelsM). 
Pica, Tarapaca, N. Chili, 
Feb. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Berkeley James ColL 

4. Chamaepelia buckleyi (Plate X. fig. 1.) 
Clianmpelia buckleyi, Sclat. $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 21 (Ecuador) ; 
Berl fy Tacz. 1>, Z. S. 1883, pp. 537,575; Tacz. 8? Berl P. Z. S. 188r>, 
pp. Ill, 122 j Tacz. Orn. M: iii. p. 245, Tables, p. 102 (188G). 

Adult male. Upper parts vinous grey; forehead, sides of the head, 
and nnderparts vinous, paler (almost white) on the forehead and 
throat, somewhat greyer on the abdomen and under tail-coverts; 
velvety black spots on the outer webs on some of the npper wing-
coverts, of the scapulars, and of the inner secondaries or tertials; 
bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills (with the exception of 
the inner secondaries) brown-black; under wing-coverts and axillaries 
black; quills below dark grey; longer upper tail-covert* 
and upper surface of the tail grey, the lateral feathers black at the 
tips, the outer ones almost entirely black, edged with white at the 
tips and part of the outer webs: « bill yellowish brown ; feet yellow; 

10 . CHA.MJEPEUA. 
485 

ins carmine, with an inner ring brownish" (Taczanowdi). Total 
length about 7 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-7, Mil 0*5, tarsus 0-7. 

female. Pal e brown above instead of vinous grey. t j l 0 {\iXV^ Hp0<H 
on the wmgs as in the male; middle of the throat white ; rest of 
the underparts very pale buffy brown, almost white on the abdomen; 
under tail-coverts dusky grey with broad whitish edges ; greater 
upper wing-coverts edged with white ; tail as in the male, only the 
grey part with, a slight brown wash. 

Hob. Ecuador and Peru (Lochugal). 
a, b. <$ J ad. sk. Santa Tata, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godmaa Coll. 
gomez). (Types of species.) 

5. Chamsepelia talpacoti. 
Paloma roxiza, Azara, Apunt. I p. 221, n. 323 (1805). 
Pigeon rotigeatre, Azara, Voy. (Somi. ed.) iii. p. 437 (1800). 
Columba minuta (errore), temm. 8f Enip (nee Linn.), Pit/. I fam. 


trois. pi . 12 (nee pi. 1G) (1808-11). 

Columba 
talpacoti, Temm. fy Enip, Pig. i. fam. trois. p. 22 (type 
examined) (1808-11); Temm. Pig. et Gall. i. pp. 121, 496 (1813); 
Vieill. JST. B. xxvi. p. 385 (18i8); Wied, Heine narh Bras. ii. 

p. 341 (1821); Vieill. Em. Meth. i. p. 385 (1823); JDesm. Diet 
Sc. Nat. xl. p. 308 (1826); Wagl Syst Au. Oolumba, sp. 86 (1827); 
Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 474 (1831); Wied, Beitr. iv. p. 465 (1832); 
Less. Cornpl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 12 (1837); id. op. eit. 2nd ed. 
p. 278 (1838); Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, pp. 45, 275 (1841-46); 
Euler, jr.f. O. 1867, pp. 189,100, 196, 198 (Brazil). 
Goura talpacoti, Staph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 136 (1819). 
Oolumbina cabocolo, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 58, t. 75 a. f. 1 (1825). 
Chaemepelia talpicoti (sie), Selb. Nat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 200, pi. 22 

(1835). 
Ohsemepelia cinnamomina, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 349 (1837). 
Columbina talpacoti, Gray (ubi?), Gould § Darw. Voy. Beagle, Zool. 

iii. p. 116 (1841). 
Chamsepelia talpacoli (sic), G. E. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 475, n. 2 (1815). 
Chamsepelia talpacoti, Hartl. Sgst. Verz. p. 99 (1844); Rcluih. St/n. 
Av. f. 1424 (1847); Marti Lid. Azar. Apimt. p. 20, n. 323 (1817); 
Cab, in Sehomb. Guiana, iii. p. 744 (1848); Burnt. Sgst. Ueb. Th. 
Eras., Tog. p. 297 (1856); G. E. Gr. List Ii. Brit. Mtts. Colnmbio, 

p. 50 (1856); Tai/l. Ibis, 1864, p. 94 (Oiudad Bolivar, Orinoco); 
Sclat. <§• Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 591 (Rio Tocantins); Enter, J.f.O. 
Sclat. & Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 133 (1873); Garrod, P. Z.S. 
1873, pp. 468, 639, 1874, p. 250; fieri. J. f. O. 1871, p. 217; 
Schmidt, P. Z. S. 18S0, p. 314; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 357; White, 

P. Z. S. 1882, p. 626 (Argentina); Salv, Cat. Ii. Striekl. Coll. 
p. 547 (1882); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 457 (1883); Bert 
& Jlier, Zeitschr. d. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 176 (Rio Grande do Sul); 
Salv. Ibis, 1886, p. 174; Tacz. Orn. Pir. iii. p. 246, Tables, p. 102 
(1886) : Selat. Argent. Orn. ii. p. 144 (1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. 
p. 39 (1889); Sartert, Eat VogeUamml p. 187 (1891). 
Oham^peleia talpacoti, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat p. xxiv (1852). 
PEEISTEETDJ3. 

Talpacotia cinnamomea, Bp. Consp. AT. ii. p. 79. n. 1 (1554) ; id. 
Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 22, 220, n. 233 (1855); id. Coup cTceil Ordre 
Pig. pp. 39, 58, n. 233 (1855) : Sousa, Mm. Xac. Lisb. Columbse, 

p. 21 (1873). 
Chamfepelia godina, Bp. Mux. Pans (g , type examined); Pelz* 
Om. Bras. p. 450 (1871); GieL Thts. Orn. i. p. C34 (1572); Sclat. 
£ &z/r. P. £. 8. 1&77, p. 22. 

Talpacotia 
tiodina, Bp. (Jump. Ax. Ii. p. 79, n. 3 (1854) (Brazil, 
Bolivia); "id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 22. 210, n. 235 {1>55 (I- Centr. 
America); 2V/. Coup d'ail Ordre Pig. pp. 39,55, n. 235 {lsoo) ; 
<?. i?. 67r. Hand-list, ii. p. 240,11. 9343 (ls70): kr ^i/^r/. 32?/*, JWw. 
Z&k Columke, p. 21 (1^73) (Surinam!;; 7r/cs. 1\ Z. S% 1874? 

p. 555 (Centr. Peruj, lb~9, p. 243. 
Talpacotia godinie (crrore), Bvrm. &y*tt Ucb. Th. Bre*.. Tog. Ii, 
p. 297 (lb57). 
Cliamaepeleia cinnamomina, Bcfr/ib, Tavhen. i. p. 15, t. 253(3, f. 3379, 
t. 2oG. f. 1424 (l&tJ2), ii.p. 163 CHtt). 
, Ohamajpeleia godina, Ildinh. Tavbu . i. p. 10 {1*02 j. 
Goura cmnamomea, Sihleg. De Dicn-ut. p. 20s (LM54 >. 
Talpacotia talpacoti, O. II. Or. IIand4kt, ii. p. i'4»", 11. i 341 (I** 70). 
Peristera talpacoti, tichley. Mm. P.-B. f '<»! unite;, p. 130 f iK73>. 
Columbigalliiia talpacoti, ikr/. /. /*. O.16^7, p. 124; Alif ii, Bull, Am, 

Mvs. it. II. ii. p. 105 (l-b9) (Bolivia). _ 
Leptopelia talpacoti, Hein. 4* Ilchaii". Nwnuirl. M?/-\ II in. Orn, 

p. 283 (1890> 
Adult male. General plumage brown vinous red, paler (almost 
white) on the breast; upper part of the head and nape gny, lighter 
on the forehead ; on the inner wing-coverts, scapulars, and tertials 
several blotches of a Mack steel-blue; bastard-wincr, primary-
coverts, and quills brown-black ; axillaries and under wing-coverts 
black; two central tail-feathers like the back; the remainder brown-
red towards the base, black towards the tip; the outer feathers 
edged with pale reddish on the apical part of the outer web : u Iris 
dull yellow-red; feet flesh-colour; bill dark brown" {Wied). 
Total length 7*5 inches, wing ii-0, tail 2-75, bill CK31, tarsus 0*155. 

Female. Paler and duller In colouring ; a brownish tinge on the 
mantle; some specimens have scarcely a vinous tinge, but are tinged 
with pale brownish grey, with the middle of the abdomen whitish, 
and the under tail-coverts dull rufous edged with whitish. 

Young. Has no black blotches on the wings; the tail-feathers 
are edged with reddish (at the tip ?) (Bunncister). 
Obs. Specimens kept in confinement often become partially or 
wholly black. 
Hal. Venezuela (Orinoco), Guiana. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, 

and Peru. 
a. <$ ad. sir. Quonga, Brit Guiana, Nov. Salvin-Godman CoH. 
Off. Whiiely). 
b, c. <$ ad, sk. Annai, Brit. Guiana, July Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(JET. Wlivtely). 
d. 6 ad. sk. Demerara. Zool Soc. Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. [var.
albino]. 
Cayenne. H. C. Rothery, E*a. 
fpj. 
f-h. S ? ad. sk. BmD. S^Jvin-Godman CoH. 

10 . CHA3L3EPELIA. 48 7 
i. $ ad. sk. 
h. ? ad. sk. 
1 Ad. sk. 
m, n. cT ad. sk. 
o,jp. 6 2 ad.sk 

q. £ ad. sk. 
r. $ ad. &k. 
s. limn, sk. 
*. J ad. bk. 
M-a\ d $ acl. et 
imm. sk. 

y,z,a!. <3 ad. bt. 
et imm. sk. 
5'. c? ad.fet. [var.]. 

Ceara, X.Brazil (W. Jesse). 
Para, Dec. (E. L. Layard). 
Para. 

Pernambuco, Brazil (W, 

A. Forbes). 
Koia Fiiburgo, Pro v. of 
Bio Janeiro, S.E. Brazil 

{J. Youds). 
Sao Paulo, Brazil (Joyner), 
Baliia, Brazil (Wucfierer). 
Rio. 

Haiao, Bio Tocantins, Brazil 
{Wallace). 
Cliapada, -Matto Gro^so, 

Brazil, Jan., April, July, 
Oct. {H. H. Smith). 
Bolivia. 

SaMn-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Purchased. 

Salyin-Godruan Coll. 

Salyin-Godrnan Coll. 

Salvin-Godrnan Ooll. 
Salyin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salyin-Godman Ooll. 

Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 

T. C. Bridges, Esq. 
[0.]. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 

(K Chamsepelia rufipemiis. 

? Colombicolin de San Carlub (Centre-Amerique), Less.Descr. Mamm. 
et OK p. 212 (1K47). 
Clif^mepeiia ruiipennis, G. 11. Gr. MS. in Mus. Brit.; id. List 

B. Brit. MILS. Oolumba. p. 51 (1N*5<>;. 
Talpacotia rtifipenni-, Up. Consp. Ai\ ii. p. 79 (1854) ; id. Compt. 
Rend. \l. pp. 22, 220, n. 234(1855); id. Couv cTcsil Ordre Fig. 
pp. 39, 5a, n. 234 {1 •%>*>); id. Icon. Pig. pi. cxxi (1857) ; G. R. Gr. 
Hand-lid, ii. p. 240, n. 9342 (1870); Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. 
Columbte, p. 21 (1873). 

Ohamtepelid rulipenni>, Burm. ftyst. Ueb. Th. Bras., Yog. ii. p. 297 
(185G); Mat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 13 (Bogota), 1858, p. 359 (Honduras) 
; Moore, P. Z. ft. 1851), p. 01 (Honduras, Guatemala); 
Later. Ann. Lyc. X. T. yii. p. 301 (18152); Sclat. P. Z.ft.1859? 

p. 369 (Jalapa); Sclat. § Salt. Ibis, 1859, p. 223; Tayl Ibis, 
I860, p. 227; Mat. $ Sate. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 370 (Panama); Lawr. 
Ann. Lyc. X. T. yiii. p. 179 (1805); Sate. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 159 
(Veragua); Sclat £ Sate. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela); 
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. K 1\ ix.p. 139 (1868) (Costa Rica), p. 207 (Yucatan) 
(1869); Frantz. J. f. 0. 1^69, p. 372; Sate. P. Z. S. 1870, 
p. 217; Sclat. # Sate. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 838 (Honduras); Wyatt, 
Ibis, 1871, p. 383 (Colombia); Gieh. Thes. Orn. i. p. 035 (1872); 
Sclat. <5f Salt. Nomencl. Av. Xeofrop. p. 133 (1873); Sanchez, An. 
Mus. Kae. Mexico, i. p. 105, n. 496 (1878); Boueard, P. Z. S. 
1878, p. 43; Sclat. <? Sate. P. Z. S. 1879, p 544 (Meclellin); Sate. 
<§* Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 178 (Santa Martha); Sumichrast, Naturaleza, 
v. p. 231, n. 30 (1881); Boueard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 459 (Yucatan) 
; Berl J. f. O. 1884, p. 317; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 39 
(1889); Sate. Ibh, 1889, p. 378 (Cozumel l\ 1890, p. 89. 
Chamgepeleia rutipennis, Rchnb. Taub. i. p. 16, ii. p. 163 (1862). 
Peristera rutipennis, Schley. Mus. P.-B. Oolumbns, p. 136 (1873). 
Columbigallma rufipemiis, Ridgw. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. yiii. p. 581 

(1885), 1887, p. 584 (Honduras); id. Man. X. Am. Birds, p. 215 
(1887); Zeled. An. Mus. Kae. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 127, n. 595. 
Leptopelia rufipemiis, Hein. § Rchmv. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. 

p. 283 (1890). 
488 
PEBISTEBIDJ3. 

Adult male. Similar to G. taljpacoti, but the quills cinnamon; 
the primaries are tipped with brown, the secondaries are brown, also 
on the outer web ; greater and outer under wing-eoyerts cinnamon. 


Size of 0. talpacoti: iris yellow v {Salmon) or 4W pale orange-
carmine J? (Simons). 
Female. Above dull brownish, sometimes tinged with rusty; 
lower parts plain greyish brown or brownish grey. 
Young. Greyish brown above, paler beneath, with no vinous tinge; 
the wing-coverts with narrow pale edges. 
Hob. Mexico, from Orizaba and Colima, Central America, to 
Xorthern S. America, Colombia, Venezuela (and Guiana, Sefohgd). 

a, b. $ ad. et $ 
juv. sk. 

c. J imm. sk. 
d-g. d 2 &&* sk


h-o. J $ ad. sk. 

t>, q. d $ ad. et 
S imm.sk. 

r, $ ad. sk. 

a. <3 ad. sk. 
t-w, 6 ad. sk. 

x7 y, S 2 ad. sk, 

z. <S imm. sk. 
a', V, $ ad. sk. 

c\ 2 ad. sk. 

d'~ri. <$ 2 ad. 
sk. 
o'iP'iS?* 3 ? ad. 
et juv. sk. 
r',s\t'. $2 ad. 
sk. 
«'. $ ad. sk. 

v\ w\ <$ ad. sk. 

A'-O". d$ad.et 
imm. sk. 

b"-f". 6 2 ad. 

Atovac, Mexico, Mav {I). 
fr. Smith). 

Huatuse i, State o£ Vera 
Cruz, Mexico, July (Ferrari-
Perez). 

Plaja Vicente, Vera Cruz, 
Mexico. 1 h*c. ( Tritjilfa \. 
Teapa, Mexico, Feb., Mar. 

(I). W. .Smith}. 

Santiairo, Terr, of Tepk% 
Mexico, May I U\ B. 
lliehtirrffion). 

Tierra CoU-adu, "2t)i)t) ft.ieU 
State of Gu**rr»*ro, Mexico, 
Oct. (Mrs. II. II. 
Smith). 

Acajtilco, Statf of Guerrero, 
Mexico, Sept. (Mrs. 
H.lL,SimfIt). 

Touala, Chiapas, Mexico, 

June ( Ji "JJ. Itiohftnhon). 
Putla. 
Izalam, X. Yucatan, Feb. 

(G. F. Gaumer). 
Peto, Yucatan, April (G. 
F. Gaunter). 
Buctzotz, Yucatan, April 
(6-'. F. Gaumer). 
Cozuniel Is., Yucatan {G. 

F. Gaumer). 
Brit. 
Honduras [Blancaneaux). 


EI Paraiso, Pacific coast of 
Guatemala (O. S.). 
"Duefias, Guatemala, July 

(O. &). 
Betalliuleu, 
Guatemala, 
Jan., July {W. B. Richardson). 


La Libertad, San Salvador, 
Feb. ( W.B. Richardson). 

Cbinaiidega, Nicaragua, 
April, May (W.B. Richardson). 


Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Gt xlmaii Coll. 
Sahiu-Gudman Coll. 
Salvin-Gi dm an Coll. 

iSalvin-Godznan Cull. 

»Saivin-Gudman Coll 

Salvin-Godman Coll 

Twenldale Coll. 
fcfalvin-Godman Coll. 
Sal vin-G od man ColL 
h?alvin-Godman Coll. 
tfalvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman CoH. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11 . FEOPELIA. 489 
g'\ 2 ad. sk. 
h". 6 juv. sk. 
«". cf ad. sk. 
A". cJad.sk. 
/". c? ad. sk. 
//*". #". cT ad. et 
Mataofalpa,Xicarasrua,Aug'. 
(W. B. Richardson). 
Costa Rica [Entires). 
Bugaba, Ohiriqui (Arce). 
Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui 
(Arce). 
Cbitra, Veragua (Arce). 
Lion Hill, Isthmus of PaSalvin-
Godman Coll, 
Saivin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
iirm. sk. nama I McLeannan). 
o". o* a<^-s^* 
//'. $ juv. bk. 
Chepo, Istbmus of Panama 
(Arce). 
Santa Marta, U.S. of CoSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
# ', /* \ d 2 ad. 
tk. 
,s". CJ ad. sk. 
lombia, April (Simons). 
Medellin, U S. of Colombia 
(Salmon). 
Colombia. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased of Verf". 
£ ad. sk. Boirota, Xew Granada (G. 
reaux. (One of the 
types of species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
*/". $ ad. sk. 
>J , ?//'. cf ad. fek. 
Crowther). 
San E^teban, Venezuela, 
May (A. Goering). 
Trinidad (?) 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Major Pinch [P.]. 
(Types of species.) 

11. UROPELIA. 
lype. 
I ropelia, Bp. Camp. A».i\. p. 85 (1854) U. campestris. 
Uropeleia, Itdmh. Tauben, i. p. 18 (1802). 
Range. The same as that of the only species. 

1. Uropelia campestris. 
Columbina 
campestris, Spiv, Ar. Bras. ii. p. 67, t. 75. f. 2 (1825); 
Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 00 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. 

p. 287 (1838); G. 22. Gr. Gen. B. ii, p. 474, n. 3 (1845); Rchnb. 
Syn.Ao. f. 1408 (1847) (ex SpLr). 
Columba venusta, Temm. PL Col 341. £ 1 (livr. 57, April 23,1825)•; 
Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 474 (1831); Knip % Preu. Pi(j. ii. p. 51, pi. 26 
(1886-43); ItcJmk Syn. Av. f. 1411 (1847) (ex femminck). 

Columba turturina, Desm. Diet. So. Nat xl. p. 302 (1820) (ex Temm, 
PL Col). 
Columba campestris, Wagl Syst. At. Columba, sp. 110 (1827); id. 

Isis, 1829, p. 745. 
Columbina venusta, G. R. Gr. List of Gallince B. M. p. 14 (1844). 
Ghamaspelia venusta, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 475, n. 7 (1845). 
Uropelia campestris, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. n. 85 (1854) ; id. Compt. 

Bend. xl. pp. 24, 220, n. 255 (1855); id. Coup d'ozil Ordr. Pig. 
pp. 43? 58, n. 255 (1855); id. Compt Rend, xliii. p. 946 (1856) 
(Bolivia). 

Columbula campestris; G. R. Gr. List B. Brit Mus. Columbse, p. 46 

* It seems that the text to this plate appeared later than the plate itself, as 
Temminck's Latin name is not mentioned by Desmarest (182G) nor by Wagler 
(1827). 
PEBISTEEED-2L 

(1856); Bum. Syst. Uebers. Tk Bras., Vug. p. 299(1856); Pelz. 
Orn. Bras. pp. '276. 450. liv (1871): Mat. & Salv. Xomend. Ai\ 
Neotrop. p. 133 (1873) : iid. P Z. S. 1878. p. 141 (Aiare, island of 
Marajo). 

XJropeleia campestris, BcJinh. Tauhen, i, p. 18. t. 2-13. if 1406,1411 

(1862): G. R. Or. Band-list, ii. p. 240, n. 934U i 1870,. 
Columba flavipes, Xatf. MS.fith Pth. Ont. Bra*, p. 270 {1S7H 
Chamaepelia campe^tris G'teb. The*. Orn. i, p. U33 (1^72*. 
Peristera campestris, Schkg, 31?^. P.-Z'. C liuJj^ p. 138 (1^73 J. 

Adult male. Upper parts pale brown, forehead grey : throat and 
breast pale vinous, the former paler; lew ex breast, abrlcmen. and 
under tail-coverts whitish, a slight brownish tinge on the rianks; two 
triangular patches of metallic purple on the inm rmu^t median and 
greater wing-coverts, bounded outwardly by a black band followed 
by a whitish one; three velvet}-black &pot> on the outer web^ of 
the inner secondaries or tertials ; quills pale bro\in. with pale outer 
edges, the base of the inner webs underneath -whitish ; under wing-
coverts and axillaries black, the Greater under wine-coverts with 
broad white tips; central pair of tail-tear hers uniform with the 
back, next two pairs similar, but black toward" the tips; three 
outer pairs black, with bome bicrwn at the ke»c\ UMI bro id white 
tips : u bill black: feet red M {Fpur) or " H« -It-colour '* ilJ^r^ikt^r). 
Total length about 0 inches, wing 2VJ, tail o, bill 0*40. tar^u-* 0*fi2. 

Hah. Brazil and Bolivia. 

a. Ad. wk. Uru, Brazil, Jul\ (Xattweri. Siihin-lTulinan Coll. 
b. ? ad.sk. Chapada. Matto (rro—u, Biv~ 8ulvin-(Mithiuiii Coll. 
zil, fcept. (II. 11. Smith u 
e} d. Ad. sk. et Bulimia, T. Bridge -, E>q. TV. 
sk. 

e. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Pnrcha^d. 
/ . Ad. hk. Bolhia. 
12. 0XYPELIA. 
Oxypelia, Salvad 0. eyanopia. 
Range. The same as that of the only species. 

1. Oxypeiia cyanopis. (Plate X. tig. 2.) 
Columba cyanopis, Katt. MS. it/trie 

Peristera 
cyanopis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 277, 330, 45L liv (1870*) 
(Brazil) ; G. It Gr. Hand-litt, ii. p. 242, n. 9307 (1870j ; Mat. £ 
Sab. NomencL Av. Keotrop. p. 133, u. 4 (lfc78); Gieh. Dies. Orn. 

iii. p. 60 (1877); Pelz. & Lor. Ana. KaturL Hofmux. ill p. 48 
(1888). ' J F 
Adult male. Head, neck, smaller and median upper wing-coverts, 
and upper tail-coverts rufous cinnamon, with a slight vinous tinge 

* The date on the titlepage of the work is 1871, bat ifc was completed in 
1870 (c/. Ibis, 1871, p. 457). 

13 . PERISTERA. 
491 
or lustre; back, ramp, scapulars, secondaries, and greater upper 
wing-coverts dire-brown; tbroat whitish; upper breast and sides 
dull ochraceous; abdomen pale buff ; under tail-coverts pure snowy 
white; median upper wing-coverts with steel-blue spots on the 
outer webs; primary-coverts cinnamon; primaries also cinnamon, 
but the tips and the outer webs of the outer ones brown; bases of 
the inner webs of the quills underneath rufous cinnamon; under 
wing-coverts rufous, the inner ones whitish; tail graduated, central 
pair of rectrices rufous cinnamon, dusky towards the tips, remainder 
blackish, with the base of the outer web cinnamon, three outer 
pairs edged at the tip of the outer web with white, the next one 
with rufous : " iris blue, naked skin round the eyes cinereous; bill 
black; feet flesh-colour" (batterer). Total length about 6 inches, 
wing 2-7, tail 2*6, bill 0*4, tarsus 0-64. 

Female. Similar to the male, but somewhat paler (Pelzelri). 
Bab, Cujaba, interior of Brazil. 


a. 
<$ ad, sk. Cujaba, Brazil (Xatterer). Salvin-Godman Coll 
(One of the typical specimens.) 
13. PEEISTEEA. 
Peristera, 8w. ZooL Joitm. iii. p. 360 (1827) P. cinerea. 
Rantje. Xeotropical Itegion, from Mexico to Peru and Paraguay. 

Key to tlie Species. 

a. Tail-feathers with no white tips; general plumage 
of the male grey cinerea, p. 491. 
b. Lateral tail-feathers with broad white tips. 
a\ Breiibt grey , yeoffroyi, p. 494. 
bf. Breast and lower throat deep chestnut mondetoura, p. 495. 
1. Peristera cinerea. 
Columba cinerea, Temm. $ Knip {nee Scop.), Piq. i. fam. seconde, 
p. 120, pi. 58 (1808-11): Temm. Tig. et Gallin. i. pp. 299, 477 
(1813); Weill J\" D. xxvi. p. 366 (1818); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 
p. BS (1819); Twill Em. Meth. i. p. 382 (182:3); Temm. PL Col. 
266 ( $ ) (livr. 44, 1824); Bern. Diet Sc. Nat. xl. p. 354 (1826); 
Wagl. Syst. Ac. Columba, sp. 85 (1827) ; id. Isis, 1829, p. 745; 
Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 44 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. 

p. 281 (1838). 
Peristera 
cinerea, Siv. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 360 (1827); G. M. (h\ List 
Gen. B. 2nd ed. p. 75 (1841); id. Gen. B. ii. p. 476, n. 1 (1845); 
Rchnb. Syn. An. if. 1425-26 (1847): Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 75 
(1854) ; id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 99, 220, n. 220 (1855); id. Coup 
d'ceil Ordre Piq. pp. 37, 58, n. 220 (1855); id. Compt. Rend. xlii. 

p. 944 (1856) (Mexico); G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columbse, 
p. 52 (1856); Burm. Syst Ueb. Thier. Bras., Yog. ii. p. 303 (1856); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 309 (Cordova); Bp. Icon. Pig. pi. 125, 
f. 1 ($ ) (1857); Scl. $ Sah. Ibis, 1859, p. 222 (Ornoa, C. Amer.); 
Moore, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 61 (Omoa); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 391 
492 PEBISTEBIDJ3. 

(Playa Vicente, S.W. Mexico); Rchnb. Taiiben, 1. p. 2:3, t. 2m. 
ff. 1425,1420 (18o'2), ii. p. 164 f 1*152); Later. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. 
Tiii. p. 301 (1802): Sclat P. Z. S. 1S04. p. 178 (Mexho); Sclat. 
§* £«&. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 370, 1567, p. 753 (Xebercs, E. Peru); 
Later. Ann. Lyc. X Y. ix. p. 13* (1800) (Ccbta EicaJ; .F/YMfc. 
J"./. 0. 1809, p. 371 (Co«tKiaO: *Sfc'?-. P. #. ,Sf. 1*70, p. 217 
(Verajua); Pelz. Orn. Bra*, pp. 278, 451. liv {1*701; G. P. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 241 fl*70); Mat. $ AV7>\ P. Z. S. 1873, p. 806 
(E.Peru); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columke. p. 138 (l*73i; &>«&*, 
Jf«5. Xac.Lhb. iMiimke, p. 20 11*73) ; So1at. cy #„/•. Xomencl 
Av.Xeotroj). p. 133 (1 *73) < Guatemala and through Ctntr. America 
to Brazil); Salv. Ibi\. 1374, p. 99 (Guatemala): Cab. J. f, 0. 
1874, p. 230 (Cantajrallo); Gitb. 27<es. Orn. iii. p. GO |i^77); 
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 329 (Perm : Sehtt. # *Wf. P. Z. 5. 187% 

p. 544 (Reniedin-, Antioquia): Sa?>\ Cat. B. S*rkhL Cull. p. 549 
(1882): Perl fy Tacz. P. Z. $. 1**3, p. 575 {W. ^Ecuador); 
Nuttinq, Pr. U.S. Xat. Mu*. vi. p. 40* 1**3) (Nicaragua); 
Tacz. £ BerlP. Z. S. 1^85, p. H I f Ecuador); Tars. Orn. Per. 
iii. p. 253, Tables, p. 102 fl^*0); frit-fan, An. 3L/y. Jc C M. 
1887. p. 127; Bed. J. f. O. 1**7, pp. 34, 124 (Pilcnmajo, Paraguay), 
1*89, p. 310 (Taraputoj; Iii*f(jv\ Pr. U.S. Xr/t. Mm. x. 
p. 5*4 (Truxillo, Honduras) {1^7); All*a, B?/IL Am. Mm. X 
H. ii. p. 100 (1**0) (Bolivia); Trhlr. Cat OM. B. v. 40 (1*59) 5 
Hem. |* Bchiw. Xomencl. Mi/i. Haiti. Orn, p. 2* J-(1K00»; Ifariert, 
Xat. VogelsammL p. 1*7 (1*01); Cherrie, Aul^ 1*02, p. 320 {Cobta 
Eica). 
Uhamsepelia cinerea, Hartl. St/st. Verz. p. 00 (1*44 J. 
^ rPeristera ustulata, Z*V7J/. XumeacL Ar. p. <H3 (1*54J (Brazil); Bp, 
Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 044 (1*50) (Mexico!). 
Peristera pretiosa, F.-Perez, Pr. U.S. Xat, 3fus. ix. p. 175 (Mexico) 
(1886). 

Adult male. General plumage bluish grey, paler below, almost white 
on the forehead and throat; smaller and median upper wing-coverts 
and some of the innermost greater ones, some of the outer scapulars 
and inner secondaries, with roundish or quadrangular blue-black spots 
on the outer webs; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, 
the secondaries with partial narrow grey edges ; central tail-feathers 
grey, remainder of the rectrices black, but greyish towards the base 
of the inner ones above: " iris with an inner ring red, and an 
outer one yellow; feet red; bill yellow " (Semiradzki). Total 
length about 8*5 inches, wing 4*75, tail 3*6, bill 0-6, tarsus 0*76. 

Female. Upper parts brown, almost cinnamon on the upper tail-
coverts, paler on the forehead; spots on the upper wing-coverts 
and inner secondaries brown-cinnamon, the larger ones on the 
median and greater wing-coverts bounded behind with a light line; 
throat whitish, lower fore neck and breast pale brown, changing 
into grey on the rest of the lower parts; under tail-coverts greyish 
cinnamon; under wing-coverts grey * central tail-feathers brown-
cinnamon ; lateral rectrices black, but the inner ones tinged with 
rufous on the outer webs, outer pair edged with rufous on the outer 
web. 

^ Young. Similar to the female, but duller, with the spots on the 
wing obsolete, and with the edges of the brown feathers of the 


13. PEEISTEEA. 493 
back and breast and of the upper wing-coverts rufous: " iris with 
inner ring white, outer cherry-red" (SemiradzJei). 
Hal. Southern Mexico, Central and Southern America, as far 

south as Paraguay and Peru. 

a-d. 6 2 ad. sk. 

e,f. 6 ad. et imm. 

sk. 
g,h6% ad. sk. 
%, j ad. sk. 

Jc. $ ad. sk. 

I 2 ad. sk. 

m. 6 a<^* sk« 
n. & ad. sk. 
o. <$ ad. sk. 
p. <$ ad. sk. 
q, r. <$ § ad. sk. 
s. $ ad. sk. 
t J ad. sk. 

u. $ ad. sk. 
v. £ ad. sk. 
w. <S ad. sk. 
.r;?/;s. S 2 ad. et 
$ juv. sk. 
a', V. 8 2 ad. sk. 

c\ S ad. sk. 
tf, e\ d 2 ad. sk. 

f, g\ 6 2 ad. sk. 

h', i\ 3 2 ad. sk. 
et st. 

hr 

. <$ ad. sk. 
l\ m'. <S 2 ad. sk. 
n'. S ad. sk. 
o'. 2 ad. sk. 
p', #'. 6 2 ad. sk. 
r\ 8 ad. sk. 

Tampico, Mexico, Feb. 

(W. B. Richardson). 
Northern Yucatan (G. F. 
Gaumer). 

Guatemala. 

Sources of Rio delaPasion, 
Guatemala, Feb. (0.8.). 
Yzabal, Guatemala, Sept. 


(O.S.). 

Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala, 
Jan. (0. 8.). 
Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala 
(0. 8.). 
Retalhuleu, Guatemala, 
Jan. (0. &). 
Retalhuleu, C-ruatemala, 
July ( W. B. Richardson). 
Vicinity of Belize, Brit. 

Honduras (Blancaneaux). 
Orange Walk, Brit. Honduras, 
Dec. (G.F. Gaumer), 

El Volcan, Chinandeya, Nicaragua, 
April (W. B. 
Richardson). 

La Barranca, Costa Rica, 

March (Arce). 
Costa Rica (J. Carrniol). 
Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui 

(Ai'cf). 
Calovevora, Veragua [Arci), 
Lion Hill, Isthmus of Pa


nama (McLeannan). 
Remedios, U. S. of Colom


bia (T. K. Salmon). 
Venezuela (Spence). 
Quonga, Brit. Guiana, Oct., 

Nov. (H. Whitely). 
Oui'umel, Brit. Guiana, Oct. 
(J21 Whitely). 
Cayenne. 

ITcayale, June. 
Balzar Mountains, Ecuador 


(IHinrjtcoHh). 
Capim River, Para (Wal


lace). 
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). 
Chapada, Matto Grosso, 

Sept. (ILKSmith). 

S. America. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll* 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Baron Laugier Coll. 
Gould Coll. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman ColL 
Purchased. 

494 PEBISTEEID-E. 

2. Peristera geoffroyi. 
Columba s-eofii'ovi, Temm. 4* Kdp7 Pit/, i. fam -econde. pi. 57 (rfl 

p. 385 (1823); D^?/z. Dwf. .*&. ATtf. xl. p. 354 (1820); Wagl 
Syst.Ar. Columhae, «p. 84 (1827); /£ 2*w, 1859, p. 744; Less. 
Tr. d'Ora. p. 473 (1831) ; Wied, Beitr. Xatxrr/. Bras. iv. p. 481 
Coluoiba <rodefrida. 7V;m?2. ^ Lnip. Pig. 1. Lini. -seeonde, p. 125 
(1808-11). 

Peristera geofiroyi, G. P. Gr. List GalKnn* B. M. p. 16 "1S44|: id, 
Gen. B^ ii. p.'476, n. 2 (1843): Pchnh. Hyn. Ar. Cnlumbariae, 
Xovit. t 266. ff. 2^70-71 (1^53!; Bp. Om^p. Ar. ii p. 75 (1534); 

, p. o2 (loooj; isurm. >>y*r. f *-&. //<w/\ iira<?,» /<>>/. 
Ii. p. 803 (1836): 2fc/w/>. 2V^m, i. p. 24. t. 2tj0.ft*. 2^70-71 (/), 
t 237. f. 1430 (2) (lMtt): Pe/r. Or«. j?ws. pp. 27N 431, MY 
(1870): G.R. Gr. Hand-list ii. p.^241. n. iUJo tWO); Sehleg. 
Mm. P.-B. Columbia, p. 131) (!^73|; #Vo?/,w, Jjw.i Jw. Lisb. 
Columbse, p. 20 (1S"3); 8dut. k Salr. X*tinnirf. Ar. Xtofrop, 

p. 133 (1*73) (Brazil): Cab. J. f. O. I N 4, p. :>:;0 (Cwntaaullo); 
Jfotf. J". / . 0. Ih74, p. 242 (Santa Cathantm, *\ IJru/il) : 67*£. 
77tes. O/v?. iii. p. t'»i> (K7) ; Tacz. P. Z. #. 1 ^2 , p. 4*> (X.11 Peru); 
flWaw, P. Z. *S'. l^i>. p. 327: *SV//r. /V. //. ,MW. <V/. p. 349 
(1882) : >&/«*. List Vert. An. 8th «*d. p. 434 'hN'!t fR. of 
Fernando de Xorunka): Goorlch. P. Z. SA^Sik p. Iil3 ; 7>//r. Or/?. 
Per. iii. p. 230, Tables, p. 102 (!>**<>}; Hem. # litfuar. Xonieml 
Mm. Hein. Ora. p. 284 f 18)0); Ilarterf, Eat. Vut/ehamml p. 187 
(1891). 
Chanisepelia oreoffrovi, Ilartl. Sy*t, Terz. p, UQ (1844J. 
Peri&tera Irifasciata* Hchnh. %/?. At. f. 1430 /H47) {g ). 
Leptoptila geoffroyi, Bp.Jide Bp. Chmp. At. ii. p. 73 (1834). 

AM »2a?0. Bluish, grey, paler (almost white) on the forehead and 
throat, and changing into pure white on the abdomen, vent, and 
under tail-coverts; on the wings three oblique bands, one blue on 
the smaller wing-coverts, and the other two of a purple-chestnut; 
on the median and greater wing-coverts; these bands are edged 
with deep blue-black, and posteriorly with a second narrow light 
grey band ; bastard wing and primary-coverts black; quills brown, 
with narrow light edges, broader and of a grey tinge on the secondaries 
; under wing-coverts black; two central tail-feathers bluish 
grey, the remainder white with the base grey, the grey part increasing 
towards the central ones: u iris dark brown, with an 
orange outer ring; bill blackish; feet blood-red " { Wied). Total 
length about 9-25 inches, wing 5-2, tail 3*6, bill 0*6, tarsus 0*8§. 

Female. Reddish brown, paler on the forehead, throat, and abdomen, 
changing into fawn-colour on the vent and under tail-
coverts; three oblique bands on the wings, a very narrow deep 
blue one on the smaller wing-coverts, the other two on the median 

13 . PEEISTEKA. 
and greater wing-coverts of a chestnut colour, and edged behind 
with a narrow band of fawn-colour ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 
and under wing-coverts blackish brown; quills brown, with narrow 
reddish edges : two central tail-feathers reddish brown, the lateral 
ones greyish towards the base, black about the middle, and reddish 
fawn-colour at the tip. 

Young. Besembles the female (Wied). 

Hah. S.E. Brazil. 

a. S ad. sk. S. America. Baron Laugier Coll. 
b. 5 ad. sk. S. America. Salvm-Godman Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Brazil (Katterer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
d. e. 3 2 ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll. 
/. ? ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wueherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
3. Peristera mondetoura. 
Peristera mondetoitra, Bp. Compt. Rend. xlii. pp. 705 (<$), 957 (§) 
(1856), xliii. pp. 944, 949 (185G) (Caracas); id. Rev. et Mag. de 
ZooL 1856, p. 548; id. Icon. Pig. pi. cxxvi. £ 1 (tf), 2 ( $ ) (1857); 
Rchnh. Tauhen, ii. p. 164 (1802); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.ix. p. 139 
(18G3) (CWa Pica); Franiz. J.f.O. 186% p. 371 (Costa Pica); 
ft. IL Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 242, n. 9306 (1870); Sclat. $ Salv. 
Nmnencl. At\ Neotrop. p. 133, n. 3 (1873) (Peru, Venezuela, Costa 
Pica, Mexico); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 780, 783 (Peru); Salv. 
Ibis, 1874, p. 09 (Guatemala), p. 455; Gieh. Tim. Orn. iii. p. 67 
(1877); Tffcz. $ Bert. P. Z. S. 1885, p. Il l (Ecuador) : Tacz. Orn. 
Per. Hi.ji. 251, Tables,j>. 102 (1880); Med. An. Mm. Nae. Costa 
Pica, 1877, p. 127, n. 592 (Costa Uica); Smnichrast, Nafuraleza, 

v. p. 232, n. 33 (1881) (Mexico); Allen, Bull. Am. Mm. Nat 
Hist. ii. p. 151 (Bogota) (1889). 
Peristera 
lansbergii, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Colunibas, p. 139 (1873); 
Saiv. Ibis, 1874, p. 455 (=mondetoura); Sharpe, Ibis, 1875, p. 53 
(note): Gieb. Tkes. Orn. iii. p. 67 (1877). 

Adult male. Upper parts dark grey, paler on the head, and with 
a slight brown tinge on the back; forehead and cheeks whitish 
grey, chin white; lower fore neck and upper breast deep chestnut, 
lower breast and sides dark grey: flanks tinged with brown, middle 
of the abdomen white; under tail-coverts whitish; three patches 
of deep violet-blue spots on the outer webs of the smaller, median, 
and greater upper wing-coverts; quills brown-grey, under wing-
coverts blackish, mixed with some rufous tinge; central pair of 
rectrices uniform grey, remainder of the reetrices dark grey at the 
base, white on the apical half, which is tinged with grey on the 
inner ones : " bill black; eye pink; legs and toes lead-colourv (H. 

Whitely). Total length about 9 inches, wing 4*4, tail 2-4, bill 0-6, 
tarsus 0-92. 

Female. Upper parts brown, with an olive lustre; rufous on the 
forehead, cheeks, and throat, the last whitish in the middle; also 
the rump and upper tail-coverts tinged with dull rufous; lower 
fore neck and breast brownish grey, minutely freckled with dusky; 
sides and flanks olive-brown ; middle of the abdomen whitish, under 

 PEBISTEBIDJS. 

taH-corerts buff; spots on the wings as in the male, but more 
purple and less bine; central pair of rectriees brown-olive, the 
lateral reetrices brown, greyish towards the bases, and tipped with 
greyish brown, lighter on the outer ones, the tips on the outer 
pair whitish buff; tail underneath dark chocolate-brown, with the 
tips of the feathers greyish buff. 

Young. Similar to the female, but more rufoub on the upper 
parts, and with the feather* distinctly edged with rufous; dark 
spots on the wings only on the greater covert-, and 01 a brown-
chocolate ; behind these spots the tip- of the greater inner wing-
coverts paler brown. 

Hah. Southern Mexico, Central America. Colombia, Venezuela. 
Ecuador, and Peru. 
Mexican and Guatemalan bird's have the under wing-coverts 
black, with no admixture oi cinnamon-rufous. 

a. cS ad. sk.
b. $ ad. sk.
c. d, e. S 2 ac*. &k. 
Jalapa. S. MFUCU (*h Oat 
Volcan de Fu^go, Guatemala. 
Caldera-.Vi*lCtindti Fu^cruT 
. Salvin-fJndman Coll. 
Salvin-G< dman Cull. 
SahiL-Godman Cull. 
Guatemala. Oct. { 0. b.}. 
f. <5 acl. sk. Xew Granada. Purcha^'d. 
g. J juv. st.
h. 2 ad.sk.
i. 2 ad. sk.
h. 2 JnT-fak. 
New Granada. 
Venezuela IKpenrt*). 
MonjL Ecuador {BurkitJj).
J una, Ecuador f Buck *y \, 
Purcha^'d. 
Salvin-( tudnian Gull 
Suhin-G< dman Cull. 
Sah in4 Ujdimm i 'oil. 
1. S ad. sk. Hua^aiupilla, Peru, Man-li SaUiii-Gudman Coll.-* 
(If. WhiUhjU 

* I ha-ve failed to Identify Columba MilanihAho. T&eh.. 'which by Taczanonsii 
(Orn. Per. iii. p. 201) has been ret erred to Itri^wo m a1 4< v//. As Tscbuclfs 
description does not at all agree -with P. // oW# w//% lacked the -Autboritifs of 
the Museum of Xeuebatel to send me for inspection tbt> type uf t. uMam hJaa. 
but unfortunately it cannot be found. 
Columba melaneholiea, Ti*ek. Wiuj/a.Areh.fnr Sa+. 1544. L p. 500, n. 270; 

id. Faun. Bit., Avtt*, pp. 40, 27*7 (lb44-40j; B»im. ^bt U*K 21. %,«*., 

Vog. h. p. SUO (1K3G). 
Starncenas melancholies, G. II. &r. G*H. B. ii. p. 4711 n. 2 (1S40 . 
Leptoptila melaneholiea, Bp. jldt Conbp. AK in p. 70 «1^04); id. Cvmpf, 
Bend. xl. p. 100(1800). 
Geotrygon melancbolica, Bp. Com-p. A*, ii. p. 7011S04?. id. Compf. Raid. 

xl. p. 220, n. 200 (Jb50): ah Luajj d\ul Ot-dn 1'uj. pp. :j0, ;», H. ^JO 
(1805); hclat. tj* Sal v. Exoh Orn. p. 71) (lb07j: 6. Ii. Gr. Hand-/!**, 
ii. p. 243, n. 93i*7ilfe7U). 
Oreopeleia? melaneholiea, llthth. Tauhat, l. p. ,>j, n. 70 (1V)2). 
Perlstera melaneholiea, Gteh. Ihts. Oat. ii. p. 07 Jb77). 
" Haube violetbraun; Stirn unci Gefcieht jrelblichfalb: X'tekpii, Rucken, und 
Biirzel rothbraun; Oberflugeklecken rotrtiurbm, mit uolettem Inlluge, die tier 
zweiten und clritten Ordnung an der Spitze suit tinem rothbVbeu" Fleclen; 
Fittig-und Scliwungfeclern sehiefer«rau, am au.^*'ru Pabwniuitp und an tier 
Spitze leieht rostroth gosaumt; fcJehvanziVdern ro«tbraun, die ndttlem dunUtr 
als die aussern, auf der uutern heite bind all** Tie! b<*ller; K« Me wel^lieh ; 
Brust mit einem yioletten Anlluge; Baucb, Weieben, and ftjcbienen r* tbliehweiss; 
Unterflugdecken falb. Scbuabel an der Bans blau, im ubrigen Verlatile 

14 . HTSTBIOPELIl. 
14. 
METEI0PEL1A. 
Type. 
Metriopelia, Bp. Camp. Av. ii. p. 75 (1854); id. 
Compf. Bend. xl. p. 23 1>>5) M. melanoptera. 
Metriopeleia. Beluib. Tanhen. i. p. 17 (1862). 

Range. TVe^teni S. America from Ecuador to Chili, and also 
Argentine side of the Cordilleras. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Tail lonsrer. 3-75 inches: upper tail-covertb 
reaching about an inch from the tip offhe tail; 
bend of the wing white ; upper wing-coverts 
with no srolden spots melanoptera, p. 497. 
b. 
Tail shorter, 24 inches; upper tail-coverts 
reaching 04 of an inch from the tip of the 
tail; bend of the wing with no white : median 
upper wimr-eoverts with golden spots at the tip. aymara, p. 499. 
1. Metriopelia melanoptera. 
Columba nw-lanoptera, MoL Hibt Xat. 
Chili, p. 308 (1782); Gm. 8. 

K. i. p. 790, n, 70 117^): Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. G15,n. 78 (1790); 
Bonn. TaM.Enc.Meth. p. 257(1790): VieilL N. D. xxvi. p. 344 
(Iblb); Wagl. tigd. Av. Coluniba (&p. ieleganda7) (1827); Burm. 
Syxt. Ueb. Thief. Bras., Tog. ii. p. 301 (1856). 
Black-winged Plyeon, Lath. Gen. &yn. Suppl. ii. p. 271 (1802). 

Columba 
boliviano, If Orb. $ Lafr. in Eyd. <§* Gerv. Mag. de 
Zoo!. Ib30, p. 33, pi. 75; iid. Toy. de la Favor, v. 2, p. 59, 
pi. 23 {1830); Lets. Compi. de Buff. 2nd ed. p. 286 (1838); Knip 
ty Free. Pig. ii. p. 43, pi. 22 (1838-44»; Bridges, P. Z. S. 1841, 

p. 95 (Chile}: Firmer, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 115: *Jard. Contr. Onu 
lS4U,p. 44 (Quito). 
Columbina bolhiana, G. B. Gr. List of Gallinm B. M. p. 13 (1844); 
llaril Xaummin'm. 1N>J, p. 221. 
Feristera bolhiana, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 17 (1845). 
Zenaida boliviana, JDett Murs, In Gag's Hibt, de Chile, i. p. 379 (1847); 

Bcknb. *St/n. Av. Culumburite, Xovif. t. 253 k ff. 3375-76 (1851); 
id. Ar. fytf. Xat. p. x\iv (lfe52); MaeFarl. Ibis, 1887, p. 202. _ 

Zenaida innotata, Hartt. Bee. at May. de Zool. 1851, p. 74 (Chili); 
id. Xaumamda, lh53, p. 221; id. Bericht Tog. s'udl. Philipp. p. 5, 
sp. 114 [fide Bp. Cunsp. Av. ii. p. 70). 

Chaxnaipelia melaimra, Behnb. in Bilra^ Denkscltr.k.Ak. Wissenscft. 

v. 2, p. 130 (1853) (Cordillera of Chili); id. J.f.O. 1855, p. 56. 
Columbula boliviana, Up. in lift'. 
Metriopelia melanoptera, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 75 (1854); id. Compi. 
Bend. xl. pp. 23, 220, n. 222 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. 
pp. 40, 58, n, 222 (1855); Burm. J.f 0. I860, p. 259; id. La


und am Unterkiefer gelb; Tarsen gelbichroth; Iris schwefelgelb. GanzeLauge 
9" 6'", Sahnabel 9'", Flugel 4" 10'", Tarse 7'"." (T*ehudi.) 
Tsehudi includes this bpecies in the subgenus Sfarnmnas (pofeius Geotrygon),, 
together with Geotrygon frenata (Tseh.), to which most likely it is nearly allied. 
VOL. XXI. 2 K 

498 PEEISTERIDiE. 

Oolumte, p. 20 (1873); Sclat. $ Salv. Komencl. Av. Xeotrop. 

p. 132 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 639, 1874, pp. 250, 
250; Toes. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 555 (Peru); Sclat. $ Sate. P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 17 ; Salv. Cat. B. StricJd. Coll p. 549 (1882) ; Sclat. List 
Vert. An. 8tli ed. p. 456 (1883); Boeck, Mittk. orn. Ter. Wien, 
1884, p. 165 : Berl # Tacz. P. Z. S. 1834, p. 311 (W. Ecuador); 
Toes. & Berl P. Z. S. 1885, p. Il l (Chimborazo): Tacz. Dm. Per. 

iii. p. 239, Table, p. 102 (1886); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1686, p. 402; id. 
Argent. Orn. ii. p. 142 (1889); Heine 4* Rchiw. Xumeacl Mus. 
Hem. Orn. p. 284 (1889); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 40 (1889); 
Frenzel, J-f. 0. 1891, p. 123 ; James, Xew List of CM. B. p. 10, 
n. 167 (1892). 
Peristera melanoptera, G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 52 
(1856); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 82 (Ecuador)^ 
Metriopeleia melanoptera, Rcltnb. Tauben, i. p. 17. t. 253 h.ff. 1375-76 
(1862), ii. p. 163 (1862) : G. R. Gr. Hand-list, il. p. 242, n. 9368 
(1870). 

Charosepelia melanoptera, Gieb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 635 (1672). 
Melopelia melanoptera, ^it.,Schleg.Mns.P.-B. Columbia, p.l53( 1*73). 

Adult male. Upper parts greyish brown, changing into grey on 
the edges of the outer upper wing-coverts, and into white on the 
bend of the wing ; underparts and sides of the neck pale vinous; 
under tail-coverts dark grey, the longest almost black; flanks 
grey; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills black, tertials like 
the back; carpal edge of the wing whitish; inner under wing-
coverts black, the outer ones white; tail black, changing into 
grey towards the base of the feathers, the two central feathers 
greyish black: " bill black; feet brown, with the toes almost 
black; iris silvery whitish ('dark brown/ Stolzmann); naked skin 
round the eyes milky orange (4 orange lacte'), behind and underneath 
with flesh-colour papillae, in front above with Mack papillae *' 
{Taczanowshi). Total length about S'5 inches, wing ,3*2t35 tail 
3*75, bill 0*5, tarsus 0*7. 

Female. Similar to the male, but without the vinous tinge on the 
underparts, which are pale greyish brown, almost white on the 
chin and on the middle of the abdomen. 

Ecuador specimens, as already noticed by Graf von Beriepsch and 
Taczanowski, are darker than Peruvian and Chilian ones. 
Hob. Western S. America, from Ecuador to Chili, and also on 
the Argentine side of the Cordilleras. 

a, Ad. sk. Near Pasto, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
c, d. Ad. sk.
(Lehmann). 
Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador(Higgins). 
Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Higgins). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . <$ ad. sk.
//. S ad. sk. 
Tinta, Peru, May (HWhitely). 
Tinta, Peru, June (JET.
Whitely). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

14 . METRIOPELIA. 
f ^aVsk P ^ ^ T ^H T Salvin-Godmnn Coll 

z. d ad. sk. Prov.^0f^Tarapaca, N. Berkeley James Coll. 
t JUV*Sk'

t A ^i e S?? P C ™ ' BorMey Jamas Coll. 
Pi 1* -&-<*• SK. Cbili. Purchased 

r. Ad. sk. Cordillera de Mendoza Salvin-Godman Ooll. 
{Burmeister). 

s. Skeleton. Chili. 
ZooL gocioiy ,s 0oll 
2. Metriopelia aymara. 
€olumba aymara, D'Orh. Syn. Av. MS. j Knip & PrSv. Pig, ii. p. 62, 
pL 32 (1838-43). y F ' 
CJhamsepelia ? aymara, G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 475, n. 4 (1845} • 
Gzeb. Thes. Orn. i. p. 633 (1872). v ; t 
Metriopelia aymara, J5p. Carcsp. .^b. ii. p. 76 (1851); id. Compf. 
Bend. ad. pp. 23, 220, n. 223 (1855); t& Coup fail Ordre A . 
pp.40, 58, n. 223 (1855); &to. £ flofo. P. & & 1807, p. 089 

(Salinas), 1868, p. 570; iid. Nomencl Av. Neofrop. p. 132 (1873); 
iid. JP. Z. S. 1879, p. 639 (Bolivia); Toes. Orn. P4r. iii. p. 240 
Tables, p. 102 (1886); Mat. P. Z. S. 1886, p. 402 (Tarapaca, N. 
Chili) ; James, New List of ChiL B. p. 10, n. 168 (1892). 
Peristera aymara, G. M. Or. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, p. 53 
(1856) (Bolivia). r 
Metriopeleia aymara, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 18 (1862), ii. p. 16, Novit. 
Suppl. t. i. I 3 (1862) (ex Knip): G. R. Gr. Band-list ii. p. 242, 

n. 9370 (1870). 
Colitmbina aurisquamata, Leybold, Leqpoldim, Heft viii. no. 7, p. 53 
(1873) ; id. Exmrs. Pamp. Argent, p. 38 (1873); id. J.f 0.1875, 

p. 446. 
Melopelia melanoptera, part., Schley. Mus. P.-B. Columba?, p. 153 
(1873). 
Adult male. Upper parts pale brown, with a slight vinous tinge; 
occiput somewhat dusky; throat whitish; sides of the neck and 
breast pale vinous; middle of the abdomen, flanks, vont, and basal 
lateral under tail-coverts buff; remainder of the under tail-feathers 
brown-black ; inner secondaries and upper wing-covcrts uniform 
with, the back; a row of golden spots at the tip of some of the 
median upper wing-coverts; primary-coverts and quills brown-black 
the primaries velvety black at the base of the outer webs, and with a 
cinnamon patc h at the base of the inner webs; under wiug-covorts 
greyish brown, the inner ones blackish, some of the anterior 
ones and axillaries vinous, dusky towards the tips; tail rather 
short, black, greyish towards the base, central pair of roctrioos 
greyish brown, darker at the tip; the upper tail-coverts very 
abundant and long, falling short from the tip of the tail about 
0*35 of an inch: "iris brown; beak black; feet and legs light 
pink " (H. Saunders). Total length about 7*5 iuches, wing 4-75, 
taH 2-4, bill 0-4, tarsus 0*8. 
Female. Similar to the male. 
Young. Paler, with no vinous tinge on the breast, which is pale 
oreyish, and with no golden spots on the wing-coverts ; the feathers 
of the upper 
parts have narrow whitish edges. 
2K 2 

500 PEEISTESIDJE. 

Hob. From 
Republic. 

a7 b. Ad. sk. 

c. Ad. sk. 
d. 2 a<h s^e. 
Ad. sk. 
f-l 6 $ ad. sk. 
2 a<*. s^* 

m.
A. Ad. sk. 
o-r. $ 5 ad. et 
juy. sk. 

Peru and Bolivia to N. Chili, and Argentine 

Bolivia. T. Bridges7 Esq. "C.l 
Tintar Peru, June. H."Whitely;Esq/C.j. 
Salinas, S.W.Peru, July SalTin-CTodman Coll. 

(JET. Whitely). 
Iquique. Peru (J2". Moidand). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Prov. of Tarapaca, X. Chili, Berkeley James Coll. 

Jan., Feb. 

Berkeley James Coll, 

L. Huascho, Tarapaca, Jan. 
Berkeley James Coll. 

Chili (Landbeck). 

Pampas Argentines (Leg


SalYin-feodman Coll 

horn). 

Subfamily Y. PHABIKffi. 

Keg to the Genera. 

a. Rump with two dark bands acros*. 
a'. Tail very long", the two central feathers 
double the length of the lateral ones. 15. (ENA, p. 501. 
b\ Tail moderate, more or less rounded. 
a''. Fhst primary attenuated at the 
tip ... . *. 10. TYMPASISTBIA, p. 504, 
b". First primary normal, not attenuated 
at the tip. 
a'". Innermost upper wing-covertB 
and scapulars with some metallic 
spots 17. CHAXCOPELIA, p. 506. 

b'"» Upper wing-coverts entirely 
metallic golden green 18. CHALCOPHAPS, p. 510, 

b. Rump without dark bands across. 
cr. Head not crested. 
c". Six central tail-feather» entirely 
rufous cinnamon; tail of 15 feathers, 
very little shorter than the 
wing, and much rounded; first 
primary equal to sixth 19. CALOPELIA, p. 522* 

d". Central tail-feathers not entirely 
rufous, or if rufous the tail-feathers 


14. 
c'". Secondaries considerably, viz. 
always more than one inch, 
shorter than the piimaiies. 


a4. Bill equal to the length of the 
head and very strong ...... 20. HENICGPHAPS? p. 524 

bA 

. Bill shorter tlian the head and 
rather feeble. 
a5. General plumage not uni


form. 
a6. Tail of 16 feathers 21. PSAPS, p. 525. 
h\ Tail of 14 feathers 22. HISTBIOPHAPS, p. 529. 

15 . CBKA. 501 
¥* Generaluniform 
plumage almost 
dark brown, but 
tlie Ibases of the primaries 
white. 23. PETROPHASSA, p. 530. 
d'". Secondaries very little shorter, 
less than one inch, than primaries; 
bill rather thick!'. Head created. 
24. GEOPHAPS, p. 531. 
e". Tail &hort, nearly even/" . Tail long and much rounded 
2o. LOPHOPHAPS, p. 533. 
26. OCYPHAPS, p. 535. 

15. 
(ENA. .. 
Type. 
xEna, Selby, MSS. in Sw. Clan. B. ii. p. 349 (1837) .... 0. capensis. 
Ena, Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 258 (1867). 

Range. The same as that of the only species. 

1. (Ena capensis. 
Turtur Capitis borne Spei, Brm. Orn. i. p. 120, t. ix. f. 2 (1760). 

Coluraba capensis, Linn. S. X i. p. 286, n. 39 (1766) (ex Brisson); 
Gm. S. X i. p. 700, n. 30 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 614, n. 75 
(1790;; Bonn. Tahl Enc. Metk. p. 255 (1790); Temm. $ Znip, 
Pig. L fain, M3C3iide, pK -53, 54 (1808-11); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. 
pp. 31S6, 490 {1813); Vmll X D. xxvi. p. 388 (1818); Staph. Gen. 
ZooL xl p. 102 (1819); Temm. PL Col. 311. f. 2 (young) (livr.57, 
1825); Learn. Diet. Sc. Not. xl. p. 300 (1826); Leas. Tr. d?Om. 

p. 474 (1831); Miipp, Neue Wirbelih. p. 67 (1835); Leas. Compl. 
de Buf., Ok. viil p. (>7 (1837); ii. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 287 (1838); 
Lefebr. Ahys. p. 139 (1845-50); Schley. Eandl JDierk i. p. 404 
(1857); Sandev. K. 8v. Vet.-Ak. Eandl. 1857, p. 54, nos. 273,274, 
275. 
Tourterelle a cravate noir du Oap de Bonne Esperance, D Anient. PI. 
Enl. 140. 
Tourtelette, Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. ii. p. 554 (1771); Levaill. Ois. 
^Afr. vL pis. 273, 274, 275 (d, 2, jonng <$) (1808). 
Tourterelle du Cap de Bonne Esperance, Sonn. Voy. 2nd. et Chine, 

p. 179 (1782). 
Cape Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 066, n. 05 (1783). 
Columba* atricollis, Mutt. S. X. Suppl. p. 135, n. 45 (1776); Cass. 
Pr. Philad. Acad. 1804, p. 248. 
Columba atrogularis, Wayl. Syst A v. Columba, sp. 108 (1827). 
Peristera capensis, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 327. 
Ectopistes ? capensis, Selb. Nat. Libr.f Pigeons, p. 189, pi. 20 (1835); 

Heugl Syst. TTeb. n. 519 (1856). 

•CEna capensis, Selby, MSS. in Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 349 (1837); id. B. 
W. Afr. ii. p. 214 (1837); G. R. Gr. List Gallince Brit. Mus. p. 10 
(1844) ,* id. Gen. B. ii. p. 472 (1844); Earth Syst. Verz. p. 99 
(1844); Mipp. Syst. Ueb. p. 100 (1845); Rchnb. Syn. Av.ff. 139091 
(1847); id. Av. Syst. Nat p. xxv (1852); Sclat. Contr. Orn. 
1852, p. 126 (MonknUo); Marti. J. f. 0.1854, p. 206; Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 69 (1854) ; id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 20,219, n. 202 (1855); 
id. CouptfceilOrdrePig. pp. 32, m, n. 202 (1855); Brehm, J.f O. 
1855, pp. 481, 492; G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, p. 36 
502 PERISTEEID^. 

(1856); Emgltiijsf. Feb. p. 00 (1856); Brefon. J f. 0. 1857, 
pp. 78, 80; Earth Orn. W.-Afr. p. 19b (1857j; Brehm. J. f. 0, 
1858, p. 407; Eevgh Ibis. 18-59, p. 343: Horn. J. f. 0. Ib59. p. 361; 
mail. J.f 0. 1800, pp. 7, 102 (Madagascar), IbO : /<*. Om.Beiir. 
Faun.Madaq. p. 157 (Ibtil); ?V7. J", f. O. lbt>l. p. 1-b'O; JfcArtS. 
TYrwfow, i. p. bOt t.250. ft 1890-91 (1&02 »,ii. p. 170 « 1^J2J ; ii%/, 
P /. 0. Ib02, pp. 294, 300: Bach- & I'. Xrvt. BJCK le03. p. 108 
(.Madagascar); Eartm. J.f. 0.lslo. p. 4ib: Po/Ze//, X 2'. D. I 

p. 319 "(1803 J ; BreJuh, Habwh. p. ob2 ilbf -J) ; Ant>/K Cat.deser* 
JJcc. p. 91 (lb04): Gum. P. Z. ti. 1^U4. p. 3 (Danutraj; Etvgh 
J.f. 0. Ibti4, p. 204. 1MV3. p. 43: >>uat. P Z. ,S. lbUo. p. 075 
(Djeddah) : Gv 'n. Ibi\ 1KI5. p. 270 i Natal i: G fond id. Hie. ei 
Mag. de Zoo I. 1^07, p. 41 N: tijjerli/ig. i&A. 1 M ^ , p. 291 <31uza2H~ 
bique): tit Meg. & Poll. Huh. Fan a, Mat, tig., Oi\ p. 114 I l&bb); 
C«#. ^ t\ f/. Ptc/;. P«s. iii. p. 42 |1HU9) ; Ihtvh cV Hart*. Togel 
O^t-aifr. p. 557 (iSTOj: JFVW/ .V P^ , P/\ i^vi. >W. -ui. p. 200 
(lb70j: 6-.it. Or. Htuul-h^t. ii. p. i0R n. 9L^5 11^70): MtvgL 
Om. X.O.-Afr. I, p. b4b {1^71 J: 4?//Y-, P/ \ 1*71. p. 201 (Transvaal) 
; Audtn,. B. JJmuara Land, \. 235 |l s72i : M/?/^, P. Z. ti. 
L">73, p. 710 iMomk^) : A/din. iS* Salt ad. J'mggto Bogot,. p. 132 
(1873): #<m«, Mits. Xae. Li^b. Columbia p. 1H |1^73); BvckL 
Ibis, 1*74. p. 'W; tihell. litis, 1^75, p^. *>2, *3 i WMiinaton); 
tiharpe A" PWr. P«#. iS'oe. Zo< / i'V. 1 ^70, p. 52 f L<* dauo) ,* Earth 
Tog. 'Mating, p. 272 (LH77); lirfunr. J. f. (J. ls77, p. 13 (Luaiuu) 
Cab. J.f. 6. Ib78, p. 24:) (R Air. if PV r///f, Orn. Aug. p. 202 
(1881); hlmrjH, in Oatas Matah h It ntL A pp. J J. p. *>22 { IKKlj : 
HartlAhL nat. Vt-r. litem, vii. p. 117 ()^I|; S/«tl. P. Z. X. 
1881, p. oi»7 (Pansrani, Jeddali) : hi. His 1^N2, p. -0-7J; iP M ^« 
Pelz.Beitr. Orn. timlafr. p. 171 (L-b2|; *V^. C«/. P. A//*z>/P CW/. 
p. 553 (lbft2j: ticlat. Ikt Vrrt. An. Kh ml. p. 4-iO jlbsS); 
P?^/.7 it/W.. c\* P<?/<i5 Zook>ght, Ibb.'L p. .1 ^ (X.aali ; Shell. Ibis, 
18b3, pp. 259,290, 32b; Forties Ibte. IbSk p. oil* i Niticr >: Fibcher, 
Zeitsc/ir. geK Orn. 1884, p. 37b; Sahatl. AMU. J/I/H. /k\ G?n. (2) 
L p. 209 (lbb4) (blioaj : Terhuij. Ibis, IbNJ. p. U) f Adniij; GigL 
Ann. Mus. Cic.Gea. (2) \l. p. 0>1 |l^Sb? : Mi aid. ibid. p. 305 
(18b8); Trisfr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 41 f Ih^i)} : iZ/V/^ ^r PV/^^r. Xunencl 
Mm. ffein. Orn. p. 278 (IbOO); Ilartist, Fat. V**irh(<mttiL p. 1&5 
(1891); PV/?P Ibis. 1892, p. iife. 
Coliimba (Q£na) capent-is, Brehm, J.f O. 1S53, extr. p. 101. 
Turtur capensis. Brthm, J.f.O. Ib57. p. 78: tit-Met/. De Dierent, 

p. 205 (1804); Giek TheC Orn. iii. p. 720 (1877). 
JEna capeiifcis, Laya>*d7 B. 8. Aft. p. "23b {lfe07): BUtnf. Zool. $ 
Geol. ofAbysH. p. 418 (lb70). 
Oolumba ocellata. P.Wiirttemb.%fide Gi&b. Tlie*. Orn. I. p. 74b (1872). 
Peristera capensL*, tiehleg. Mi/s. P-P . Colunibje, p. 145 (1*78). 

Adult male. Pront part of the head and entire throat Hack, 
remainder of the head grey ; hind neck, back, scapulars, inner wing-
coverts, and innermost secondaries pale brown, shading into pearl-
grey on the sides of the neck and on the remainder of the wing-
coverts ; lower back with two broad black bands, between them a 
pale brownish-buff band; upper tail-coverts brown-grey, edged 
with black; breast and abdomen white; under tail-coverts black, 
but the outer ones white; primary-coverts and quills cinnamon, 
with broad blackish-brown outer edges and tips, the last more or 
less grey; the inner upper wing-coverts have large steel-blue patches; 

15. CESTA. 503 
outer under wing-coverts cinnamon, the inner ones and axillaries 
black; tail above grey, the central feathers and the next two pairs 
blackish towards the tip, the remainder have a black sub apical band 

and the tip grey, the outer feather of each side has the outer web 
mostly white : ** iris brown: bill with the basal half lake-red, the 
end half a line dark gamboge; tarsi and feet dark rose-red" 
(Affres). Total length 9-26 inches, wing 4*4, tail 5*4, bill 0*55, 
tarbi 0*5. 

Ftniale. Differs from the male in having no black on the head 
and throat; forehead, cheeks, chin, and throat white, slightly greyer 
towards the crown, which is brown like the back; ear-coverts, sides 
and front of the neck, and crop pale ashy brown. 

Young. Resembles the female, but has blackish bands on the 
crown and neck: the wing-coverts greyish brown, with blackish 
bands and whitish-buff apical spots; " bin blackish; feet dark 
pjrple "* (Atttiiior'f). 

Hah. Tropical and Southern Africa, and also Madagascar and 
Arabia, where it is found near Jeddah and Aden. 

a. <$ ad. >k. 
h. 2 ad. -k. 
c. 6 &d. -k. 
d, e. 6 ad. sk. 
/,</. c?2 *<l.hk. 
h} /. tf ad. et ? 
imm. sk. 
k, I d ad. et 2 
Cape t Btttler). 
Ge i\re Town ( 7'. C. AtMore). 
ELuid- P<M. 
Kingwillium^town (Trevelyan). 
hui'fi 31oimt7 Durban, June 
((lordye). 
Potehef-troum, Jan. (T. L. 
Ayres). 
Potckefstrooin, May, Julv 
Shelley ColL 
Shelley Coll. 
Sharpe ColL 
Shelley Coll. 
Shellej ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Gumey ColL 
imm. sk. ( T. L. Ayres). 

m. <$ ad. sk. Transvaal, July (J. JE. Buckley).Shelley ColL 
n. $ ad. >k. Transvaal. Sharpe ColL 
o. J juv. sk. Between Pretoria and Mun-W.E. &C.G. Oates, 
gwato, July (F. Gates). Esqrs. [P.]. 
p. $ ad. sk. Crticodile R.? Transvaal, July W. E. & C. G. Oates, 
[F. Gates). Esqrs. [P.]. 
q. $ ad. ftk. Tati, Sept. [F. Gates). W. E. & C. G. Oates, 
Esqrs. [P.]. 
ad. e t Tetti. Livingstone Expedi-

MP. <S 2

dition [0.]. 

juv. sk. 

Lamo {Kirk). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

x. S ad. sk. 
Paugani R. {Kirk). Salvin-Godman ColL 

y. 2 ad. sk. 
Morabas. Sharpe CoU. 

z. $ ad. sk. 
Kilimanjaro, Jan. F. J. Jackson, Esq. 

a, b'. <$ 2 ad* fak 

[P.]. 
c'-y\ <J 2 ad. sk Shoa (Harm). India Museum [P.]. 
liongolo-Tigre, Abyssinia, W. T. Blanford, Esq. 

h'. <3 ad. sk. 

May. [C.]. 
i'. g juv. sk. Ain, Lebka Valley, Abyssinia, W.T.Blanford, Esq. 
Aug. [0.]h'. 
2 ad« sk. Ain, Abyssinia, Aug. (Je*se). Shelley ColL 
/'. 2 ad. sk. Koomayli, Abyssinia, June 

Tweeddale Coll. 

(Jesse). 
m\ 3 ad. sk. Koomayli, Abyssinia, June 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(Jesse). 

PERISTEBID.2E. 

»', o',f. 6 2 Tani, Soudan. Oapt. Yemer [P.]. 
a' 2 ad sk Jeddali (Zohmb). Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
r 
r'* s' dk ad. sk.
/. Skeleton. 
Madagascar (Van BamX Shelley Cull. 
Puichased. 

16. TYMPAHISTEIA. T ^ e 
Tympanistria, Rchib. Av. Syst. Xat. p. xxv (1^52).. i\ i\ mpani-tria. 
iftm^. Confined to the Ethiopian Eegion. 
1. Tympanistria tympanistria. 

Tourterelle a ventre blane, Temm. Cat. Sf/bt. p. 253. 
Tourterelle tainbourette, Levaill Ois. "d'Afr. vi. p. bO, pi. 272 
(1808). , ] 
Columba tympanistria, Temm. fy K/iip, Pig. i. fam. -ne. p. V), pi. 3t> 
(1&08-11); Temm. Piy.et Galltn. I. pp. 2^7, 47-3 | 1^13); VieilL X. 

P.xxvi.p. 3b0{lblb)*: &eph. 6V/1. ZwI. \i. p. U2 s Wlfj ; VieilL 
Una Metk. i. p. 3^6 (1-23j: D*v//<. Ztff. S Xr»t. xl. p. 341 
(lb26); WmjL M/*t. Ar. Columba, -p. 102 il-27) : ///. PA, Ib29, 
p. 745 (youna); B ss. Tr. J Or a. p. 472 11 N3i 1: />/. LutitpL th Btfff., 
Ois. viii. p. 40 (1K>7): //"/. ^ . a/. -Jud >>d. p. 2H2 f IO*/; hunf/ti\ 
K. Sv. Tit.-Ah. HanfJL 1K>7, p 51, 12. 272: Bintv. bpfu'm. Zoo!. 
Jlosamh. taaC. xvi. p. 401 (lb05); >SVM//. p. /. A*. Wit;, p. 425 
(Mayotte). 
Peii^tera 
tympanistria, Poz>, P/ \ 1N2K. p. 327; /W>>. Xat. Libr., 
Pigeons^. 205, pi. 23 (lb35); G. II. Gr. Gt n. B. ii. p. 470, 

11. 8 (1845); AY/;///;. %w. Ar. f. 1435 (W7 ;; Itor//. Bcitr. 
Orn. Wcstafr. 1852, p. 37, sp. :K3: /V. ,f. f. O. 1-14. p. 207, 
1855, p. 361 (Gold Coa^tj; G. It. Gr. Lt*t B. Biit. Mm. 
Columbse, p. 57 (]H5fi); Earil. Orn. JV-Afr. pp. li<7. 275 13fc57); 
Cats. Pr. Ac. Phlad. lb59, p. 143 (Caiuma and Muni liher*); 
#*«•». !&'*, lbOO, p. 214 (Xataij : £&*>. J. f. O. I *>J0, p. li*U; 2Z/w#. 
7. f. O. 1861, p. 2m (IVumancej; -iy/vs. B K 1MS4, p. 359 
(Natal); Za#a;v/, B. S. Afr. p. i>f>2 (1M>7); I7*< A, 7. f. O. 1*67, 
p. 248 (Natal); Poll, k to Meg. Ilfh. Ffnm.Markuj. p. 114 (1SB) 
(Mayotte); tiharpe, lht\ WJ9, p. 3^7 (Fauteej ; Fttt^h <V Ilartl 
Tog. Ost-Afr.y. ~>)8 (1870) ;^ &/^%. J/W6. P.-P. Columbar. p. 143 
(1878) ; JSoifsa, Mus. Xae. Lisb. Columb.u, p. 1H (lH7«ij; Itthnw. 
J.f.O. Ib74, p. 5388 ((*old Coast); >SJiell. Ibtl, 1,^75, p. e4 (Durban) 
; Sharpe fy Bouc. Bull. Hoc. Zool. Ft\ lb7*>, p. 52 (Landano); 
Earth Toy. Madag. p. 271 (1877); Gieh. 77ies. Orn. iii. p. 68 
(1877) ; Rchnw. J.f* 0.1877, p. 13 (Loanjro): Fisch. /. e. pp. 17% 
176 (E. Afr.); Socage, lorn. Ac. Lisb. Ib77. p. UlJ; Cab. J.f.O. 
1878, p. 243 (Mombas); Fisch. $ Mdimr. t. c. pp. 250, 292, 298 
(E. Air.); Socage, Orn. Aw/, p. 393 (1^81;; tihell. P. Z. 6'. 18bl, 
p. 597 (Panppmi); PoA?^, J.f 0, 18t>2, p. 107 (Zanzibar); id. Orn. 
Centralbl. 1882, p. 6G; PMC/^. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. I8b4, p. 378 (Mas^
rnland); 2^. J. f O. 1885, p. 119 (E*. Africa); Rchmc. J, f. 0. 
1887, p. 51; Matseh. t. c. p. 147; Rchmr. J. f. 0. 1889, p. 270; 
Fmin, J.f 0.1891, pp. 342, 343 (Victoria Xyan«a). 
Peristera tympanistera, Fras. P. Z. S. 1843. p. 53 (Fernando Po). 
Tympanistria bicolor, Rclmb. Av. Syst. Xat. p. xxv (1852); Bp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 67 (1854); id. Compt. Reml xl. pp. 19,219, n. 197 

16 . TYMPAKISTKIA. 
505 

(1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 32, 57, n. 197 (1855); Rchnb. 

Taubea, i. p. 7b, 1 258. f. 13:35 (18i52)~, ii. p. 176 (1862); Selat. 

List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 459 (1883); Hein. $ llchmo. Nomencl 

Mus. Hein. Or a. p. 285 (1890). 

Tympanistrla fraseri,I?p. Cunsp. Av. ii. p. 67 (1854); id. Compt.Pend. 

xl. pp. 19, 219, n. 198 (1855); id. Coup d'oeil Ordre Pig. pp. 32, 
57, n. 198 (lfe55); id. Compt.Pend. xliii. pp. 943, 949 (1856) 
( = bicolor); G. P. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 244, n. 9407 (1870). 
Tympanism tvnrpani-stria, 
G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 244, n. 9406 
(1870;; Butl, Feild., § Peid, Zoolo</. 1883, p. 338 (Natal); Shell 
This, lb83, p. 32G; Sharpe, LayartTs B. 8. Afr. p. 571 (1884); 
Shell P. Z. S. 1885, p. 230 (Kilimanjaro), 1889, p. 3G9 (Taveta, 

E. Africa): Rchtw. J. f. 0. 1892, p.* 15 (Sirwa I , Itolio, Victoria 
Xyaiiza), p. 179 (Cameroon) ; Shell. Pis, 1893, p. 29 (Zomba). 
Clialeopteiu i trrore) tyinpamStiia, Shell P. Z. S. 1879, p. 678 (Great 
Comoro). 
Chaleopelia tympaniatria, Fischer, X f. O. 1879, p. 300 (E. Afr.); 
Sale. Cat. h. Stricld. Coll p. 550 (18b2); Hartert, Eat. Vogelsa?
ni/il p. Ib7 (1891). 

Haplupelia tympanistiia, Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 40 (1889). 

Adult uiali\ Upper parts brown-grey; forehead, superciliary 
stripes extending to the bides of the occiput, cheeks, and underparts 
pare white ; lores dark brown, sides of the neck more grey than 
the upper parts ; across the rump two broad bands, more or less 
distinct, of blackish brown, and between them a pale greyish-brown 
bind; a similar but almost obsolete band borders the second dark 
band; under tail-coverts brown-grey; on the inner wing-coverts 
and inner secondaries several dark spots varying from, metallic green 
to dark purple, alniOht black ; primary-coverts and primaries cinnamon, 
with the outer webs and tips dark brown ; under wing-coverts 
and asillars cinnamon ; lower Hanks tinged with brown; six centre 
tail-feathers uniform brown, with a reddish tinge, the outer three 
pairs shade into grey with a broad subterminal black band; under 
surface of the tail brown, with an obsolete, darker, subterminal 
band, tips of the feathers pale brown, grey on the outer ones: " iris 
hazel; hill dark purple ; tarsi and feet deep pink " {Ayres). Total 
length about 8*4 inches, wing 4*5 to 4*65, tail 3*6, bill 0*58 to 0-6, 
tarsus 0*8. 

Ftmale. Differs slightly in the forehead, cheeks, lower throat, and 
breast being tinted with dusky grey * the spots on the wings always 
"blackish, never metallic green. 

Pmmature birds have the secondaries with rufous bands towards 
the tips. 

[lab. The whole of S. Africa, northward on the west coast to 
Casamanee, and on the east coast to Mombas, also Madagascar, the 
Comoro Islands and Pernando Po. 

a. Ad. sk. S- Africa. Sharpe Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Cape. 
Dr. Krauss [O.]. 
* Reickenbach's work is mentioned by Hartlaub, J. f. O. 1861, p. 266, so 
that it appears to have been published before 1862. 
PERISTBEID^. 

c, d. S$ ad. sk. 

e. Ad. sk. 
f,g,h. Ad.sk 
i, k. $ ad. et ad. 

I. Ad.sk. 
m. Imm. sk. 
n. Ad. sk. 
o. $ imm. sk. 
_£>. J ad. sk. 
£. $ ad. sk. 
r. Ad. sk. 
s. Ad. sk. 
tf. Ad. sk. 
u. Imm. sk. 
v. Skeleton. 
Knysna, Jan. (C. J. An


dersson). 
Natal. 
Durban (Gordge). 
Durban, Feb., March (G. 

E. &). 
Pangani R. (Kirk). 
Fantee (Umher). 
Int. of Fantee. 
Taveta, Kilimanjaro, June. 
Kilimanjaro. 
Zomba, Xvaa-alund. 
Abeukuta^, 
Gaboon (Dv Chaillv). 
Grand Comoro {lurk). 
Grand Comoro. 
S. Africa. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

T. L. Avres, Esq. 
•Shelley Coll. 
'a; 
Shelley Coll. 
Shelley C ill. 
Shelley Coll. 

J. Hickman, Eaq, P.". 
H.C.V. Hunter, Eiq. IV 
II. H. Johnston, E-q. "C.]. 
H. I I John-ton. Esq. 'C.]. 
F. Nichol-on, E^q. PT.J 
Shellev Coil. 
Shelley Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Z jolotueal Society's Coll.** 
17. CHALCOPELIA. 
Typ*-. 

Chalcopelia, Bp. Qmp. Ai\ ii. p. 07 (K>4| 
C. afr^, 

Chalcopeleia, licfoib, Taubtn. i. p. 7i il^J'J) (mum n *jmend.j. 

Range. Tropical Africa, from Gambia on the we-t and Abyssinia 
on the east, and ISouth Africa. 

1. Clialcopella afra. 
Turtur senegalen,4s, Briss. Or/t. i. p. 122, t. 10. f. 1 (1700> 

Columba afra, Linn. ti. X i. p. L;*-4, n. ijl (1700|; 6W. 6. iT. i. 2? 

p. 780, n. 31 (178b); Xfftf*. IW. 0/7/. ii. p. Oil, n. 04 {1790) ; 
Bona. Tab!. Enc. Jleth.y. 249 (1790; ; Tuum. ,y/w>.I%. i. fam. 
sec. p. 83, pis. 38, 39 (1^08-11) ; Trmm. Bit/, et Gallia, u pp. 291, 
476 (1813); Weill. X. B. xz\i. p. :>0 (lteifrj; #//-;;/<. £e/*. ifoo/, 
xi. p. 81 (1810); Begin. Diet be. Xttt. xl. p. o42 (1820): Less. 
Tr. cTOrn. p. 472 (1831); id. OmtJ. de Buff.. Ois. viii. p. 49 
* TYMPANISTRIA VIRGO. 
Tympanistria virgo, Hartl. Ibis, 18^0, p. 2 (Djanda. E. Equatorial Africa); 
id. Zoolog. Jahrb. ii. p. 331 (1837;. 

" Mas. Supra ex olivascente fusea, fascia tergi uniea, maculis irregularibus 
obscurioribus vix conspiciia; stria a rictu per oeulum dueta iusja: sincipite, 
superciliis vedde angusfatU, corporeque subtus pure albis; subeaudalibus obscure 
fuscis; subalaribus lsete ferrugineis; remigibus primaries nigro-fuscis, 
horum pogoniis internis, parte apicali excepta, ciunamomeis, septimo, octavo, 
nono et deeinio in pogonio extemo et interno rufip, ultimis dorao proximis et 
seapularibtis neenon tectricibus totis dorso conculuribus ; ?jweufi$ mettdlicis a^m 
omnino nullis; rectrieibus fuscis, binis lateralibua griseis, fascia lata anteapicali 
nigra; rostro rubello-fuscescente; pedibus euccineis; iride aurantiaco-rubente. 
Long, tota circa 25 cent., rostr. 14 mill., al. 122 mill., caud. 85 mill., tars. 
20 mill." (Hartlaub.) 

Hah. Djanda, E. Equatorial Africa. 

I am not acquainted with this bird, which, according to Dr. Hartlaub, differs 
from T. iymjpanistria in having no metallic wing-spots; but I cannot help 
thinking that the metallic-spotted wing-feathers are missing in the bird 
described. 

17. CHALCOPEUA. 
507 

(1837); id. op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 282 (1838); ? W> $ B. Orn. Can. 

p. 28 (1841); Both, J. f. 0. 1855, p. 173, 1857, p. 331; Godm. 
%is, 1872, p. 218. * l 
Tourterelle du Senegal, D'Aubent. PI. Enl 160; Buff, Eist. Nat. 
Ois. ii. p. 553 (1771). 
African Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 655, n. 55 (1783). 
Tourterelle emeraudine, Levaill Ois. d'Afr. \i. p. 84, pi. 271 (1808). 
Oolumba chalcospilo&, Wagh Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 83, with var. a 

(1827); Sundev. K. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Eandh 1857, p. 54. 
Columba senegalensis, Rupp. Xeue Wirbelth., Tog. p. 67 (1835). 
Turtur chalcctepilos, SID. B. W. Afr. ii. p. 210 (lfe>37). 
Perfctera afra, G. R. Gr. List Gallince Brit. Mus. p. 17 (1844); id. 

Gen. B. ii. p. 476, n. 9 (1&45); Rchnb. Syn. Av. £ 1427-28 (1847); 
Strickh $ Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 157 (Damara); Marti. 

J. f. 0. Ib55, p. 361; G. It. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Colunibae, 
p. 57 (L-56); Earth Orn. W.-Afr. pp. 197, 275(1857); Cass. 
Pr. Acad. Philad. L<39, p. 144 (Canirna, Ogobai, Muni, and 
Moonda Rivers); Earth J. f. 0. 1861, p. 20G; id. P. Z. S. 1867, 
p. 827 (Zanzibar); Lai/ard, B. S. Afr. p. 262 (1867); Gum. Ibis, 
1868, pp. 4S, 164; Blanf Geoh $ Zooh Abys*. p. 417 (1870) ; 
Shmpe, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 150 (Angola); id. lbis} 1870, p. 486; 
Shell, cy Buekl. Ibis, lfc72, p. 290 (Gfold Cuabt); Schley. Mus. 
P.-B. Columbie, p. 144 (1873); Sharpe fy Bouv. Bull. Soc. Zool. 
Fr. 187<S, p. o2 (CMncbonxo) ; Rehnio. J. f. O. 1877, p. 13 
(Loaniro). 
Peristera ehaleobpilo-,, G. It. Gr. List Gallince B. M. p. 17 (1844); 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 476, n. 10 (1845) ,* Riq>p. Syst. Uebers. p. 98, 
pi. 38 (1845) (Sennaar, Kordofan, Abyssinia); Vierth. Kaumannia, 
1852, p. 48 (nevt & egars); Sclat. Contr. Orn. 1852, p. 126; G. R. 

Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Coluinbae, p. 57 (1856); Earth Orn. W.-
Afr. p. 197 (note) (1857); Cass. Pr. Acad. Philad. 1859, p. 321 
(Cape Lopez); Earth J. f. O. 1861, p. 265 (Gamma B., Grand 
Banana, Bissao, Casamance); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 12 (Uzaramo) ; 
Cab. i\ d. Deckens Reis. iii. p. 43 (1869) (Mombas) ; Schleg. Mus. 
P.-B. Columba?, p. 144 (1873); Shell. Ibis, 1875, p. 84 (Durban). 

Chamaepelia cruziana, Rchnb. (nee jyOrh.) Syn. Av. Columbaria, 
Kocit. Supph t. 245 b. if. 3531-32 (1851). 

Cbalcopelia 
afra, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 67 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend. xl. pp. 19, 219, n. 199 (1855); id. Coup oJceil Ordre Pig. 
pp. 33, 57, n. 199 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 78, t. 245 b. 
ft. 3531-32 (1862), ii. p. 176 (1862); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 118 
(Duthuni); Antin. Cat. JDescr. Ucc. p. 88 (1864); Finsch, 

J. f. O. 1869, p. 336; Finsch 8; Earth Fog. Ost-Afr. p. 554 (1870); 
Finsch $ Jesse, Tr. Zooh Soc. vii. p. 290 (1870) (Abyssinia); 
G. R. Gr. Eand-list, ii. p. 244, n. 9408 (1870); Eeugh Orn. N.O.-
Afr. i. 2, p. 845 (1871); Gum. in Anderss. B. Damara Land, p. 236 
(1872); Rchmv. J. f. 0.1872, p. 391 (Accra); Sousa, Mus. Nae. 
Lish. Columba*, p. 18 (1873); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 716 
(Mombas); Rchnw. J. f. O. 1873, p. 213, 1874, p. 387 (Gold 
Coast); Eeugh Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. App. p. cli (1875); Fischer, 
J.f. 0.1877, pp. 173, 176,207 (E. Afr.); Fisch. $> Rchnw. J.f.O. 
1878, pp. 250, 292 (Zanzibar), 1879, pp. 300, 303, 339 (E. Afr.) ; 
Fischer, J.f. 0.1880, p. 192 (E. Afr.) ; Sharpe, in Oates1 Matabele 
Land, App. B, p. 322 (1881); Earth Abh. nat. Ver. Brem. vii. 
p. 117 (1881) (Lado) ; Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1881, p. 616; 
Bocage, Orn. Any. p. 389 (1881); Shell. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 596 
(Pangani): ffikm, Orn. Centralbh 1882, pp. 51,119 ; id. J. f. O. 
508 PERISTEBmaE. 

1882, p. 197 ; Pet. Verli. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1882, p. oil; Rolub $ 
Pete! Beitr. Orn. Sildafr. p. 176 (1832) ; Sah. Cat B. Strickl 

Ami. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) vi. p. 304 (13SS) (Shoa) : Shell P. Z. S. 
1889, p. 369; Mein. # Hchnw. Xomencl Mm. Eein. Orn. p. 285 
(1890) : Hartert, Eat. YoqeUatnml p. 1^7 (1891); JEmin, J. f. 0. 
1891, p. 339: Mchaw. J. f. 0. 1891, p. 378, 1892, p. 15 ; Mend. 
Ibis, 1892, p. 328. 

Ohalcopelia chalcospilos, Bp. Coaq). Av. ii. p. 0*3 (1854); id. Compt. 
Mend, xl pp. 19, 219, n. 200 (1855); id. Coup dreil Or Are Pig, 
pp. 83, 57, n. 200 (1855); Kirk, Ibis, 18b*4, p. 330 (Zambesi) ; 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1804, p. 113 ; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 244, 

n. 9409 (1870) : Soma, Mm. Xae. Lisb. Columbia, p. 18 (1873); 
Cab. J. %f. 0. 1878, p. 248 (E. Afr.); Shell. P. Z. S. lSsl, p. VM 
(Pangani and Dar-es-Salaani); Sclat. List Y^rt. An. Sth ed. 
p. 458 (1888); Fischer, Zeitschr.f.g. Orn. 1884, p. 87b; Rchmo. 
J.f. 0.1889, p. 270. 
Peribtera paraliinostiirraa, Wurtt. Icon. ined. n. 03; id, Xaumannia, 
1857, p. 431; Ilewjl J.f 0. 1807, p. 801. 
Ohalcopeleia afra, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 78, t. 245 h. fL 3531-32 
(18G2),ii. p. 170(18f>2). 
Ohalcopeleia chalcospiit»s, llohab. op. rit. i. p. 79, t. 257. ft* 1427-28 
(1862), ii. p. 170 (1802). 
Turtur afer, Gieb. T/tes. Orn. iii. p. 725 (1877). 
Turtur chalcospilos, Gieb. op. fit. p. 720 (1*77). 
Haplopelia afra, Trktr. Car. CM. FL p. 40 j]^9). 
Ohalcopelia chaleo^pila, Ktin. 4* Itch aw. Xo/neneL Mus. I£ei?it Orn. 

p. 285 (1890); Kartert, Eat. Togekamml. p. Ib7 (l&DI). 
-4t?ieZi male. Crown leaden grey, fading into white on the forehead 
; upper parts pale brown; across the lower part of the back 
two broad black stripes, and between them a light brown one; 
upper tail-coverts edged with black at the tip; chin and middle of 
the throat whitish: sides of the head, front and sides of the neck, 
and breast vinous, fading into white on the abdomen and vent; 
under tail-coverts black, except the outer ones which are white*. 
bastard-wing black; primary-coverts and quills bright cinnamon, 
edged on the outer web and tipped with dark brown ; some of the 
inner median wing-coverts and some of the scapulars have boldly 
marked steel-blue patches on their outer webs; some of these 
patches are more or less metallic green ; axillaries and under wing-
coverts bright cinnamon; four central tail-feathers brown, changing 
into black at the tip, the lateral feathers are grey with a broad 
black apical band, and are more or less tipped with grey ; the outer 
feathers have the base of the outer webs greyish white : *"* iris brown; 
bill dusky red, with the end yellow ; legs brownish red " (Shelley). 
Total length about 8-5 inches, wing 4*6, tail 3*5, bill #*5, tarsus 

Female. Somewhat smaller; the metallic spots on the wings 
golden green; the vinous colour of the underparts deeper and 
more extended on the abdomen, so that the underparts appear less 

17 . CHA.LCOPELIA. 
white: bill uniform dark brown. Total length about 7*5 inches, 
wing 4-3-4, tail 3*3-3-2, bill 0*5, tarsus 0-7. 
Eak The whole of Atrica south of about 17° N". lat. 

0. chalcospiloS) with golden-green metallic spots on the wings, 
has been considered as a distinct species by many ornithologists • 
Capt. Shelley regards it only as a variety of the bird with steel-blue 
spots, both having been collected in the same localities. Mr. Anderson 
says that the bird with the green spots is the male, and the 
one with the purplish spots is the female. 
It seems that by mistake this bird has been stated to live in 
Teneriffe, where most likely it has been confounded either with 

Turinr senegalensis or T. turtur. 

a. Ad. sk. 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. d, e. Ad. etjuv. 
sk. 
/ . Ad. sk. 
{?, h. Ad. sk. 

i9 h, I. Ad. sk. 

m. Ad. sk. 
n. <$ ad. sk. 
o9 p. Ad. sk. 

q. Ad. sk. 
r. Ad. sk. 
s. <$ juv. sk. 
t. Ad. sk. 
u. Ad. sk. 
v. S ad. sk. 
w. <$ ad. sk. 
so* $ ad. sk. 
y. § ad. sk. 
%. (S ad. sk. 

a\ <? ad. sk. 

b\ ? ad. sk. 

e'. Juv. sk. 
d\ Ad. sk. 
e'. Ad. sk. 

/ . Ad.sk. 

Blue-shotted variety. 

W. Africa. 
Gambia. 
Ashanti. 
Fantee (Ussher). 
Cape Coast, Feb., March (T. 


E. Buckley). 
Accra, Feb., April (/. Smith 
and G. E. S.). 
Elmina, April (Blissett). 
llio del Key, Niger (If. JET. 

Johnston), 

Gaboon. 

Gaboon. 
Gaboon?, W. Africa (Du 
Chaillu). 

Kio Dande, Loando, April. 
Abyssinia. 
Abyssinia. 
Am, Abyssinia, Aug. (Jesse). 
Kokai, Aby ssini a, Aug. {Jesse). 
Kokai, Abyssinia, Aug. (Jesse). 
"Waliko, Abyssinia, Aug. 


(Jesse). 

Mohaber, Abyssinia, July 

(Jesse). 

Lebka Valley, Aug. 


Ailat, Samhar, June. 


Mombas. 
Pangani K. (Kirk), 
Ushambala Mount, Pangani K. 


(Kirk). 
Zambesi (Mellar). 

Dr. Kendall [C.]. 
Salvin-Godman OolL 
Gould ColL 

SheUey CoU. 

Shelley Coll. 

SheUey ColL 

Shelley Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 

Kev. H. J. Ansell 

[P.]. 
Shelley Coll. 
SheUey ColL 

J. J. Monteiro [0.1 
India Museum [P.J. 
Purchased. 
SheUey ColL 
Tweeddale ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Shelley ColL 
Shelley CoU. 

W. T. Blanford, E&q„ 
[0-]. 
W.T. Blanford, Esq, 
[0.]. 
Sharpe Coll. 
Shelley Coll. 
SheUey CoU. 

Shelley ColL 

PEKISTEEID2B. 

Green-spotted variety. 

a. $ ad. sk. Efat, Abyssinia, April India Museum. 
b. Ad. sk. Manda Is. F. J% Jackson, Esq. 
[P._. 
e. Ad. sk. Masailand. 
H. C. V. Hunter, Esq. 
<J. Ad. sk. homo (Kirk). Shelley Coll. 
e. Ad.sk. Dar-es-Salaam (Kirk). Shelley Coll. 
/ Ad* sk Ushanibala Hills, Pangani R. Shelley Coll. 
J' ' (Kirk). 
(/. 2 ad. sk. Ndi, Teita, July. Dr. Hildebrandt [C.]. 
)i. Ad. sk. Lower Shire Valley. Earl Russell ~P.]. 
i'k. Ad. sk. Tette. Livingstone V Expedition 
[C.]. 
/. tf ad. sk. Swaziland, July (T. E. Buck- Shelley Coll. 
%)• 


m. $ ad. sk. Lehtaba, Umzeila Country, Gurney Coll. 
June. 
n. 9 ad. sk. Pinetown, Natal, March (G. Shelley Coll. 
E. &). 
o. $ ad. sk. Durban, March (G. E. 8.). Shelley Coll. 
p, q. o* ad. sk. Durban (T. L. Ayres). Sh*4itn Cull. 
r. Ad. sk. Cape. CI. Campbell, Esq. 
[P.~. 
3. Juv. st. Cape. Dr. krauss XV. 
t ? ad. sk. W. Africa (JDu Chaillu). Shelley Cull. 
u. 
Skeleton, Zoological »Sucietv*s 
Coll. 
18. 
CHALCOPHAPS. 
Ijpe. 
Peristera, Less. Tr. (TOrn. p. 471 (1831) (nee &>., 
1827) C. indicts. 
Chalcophaps, Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 02 (pt. xiii., 
1843) C. ehrj-sochlora. 
Monornis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844) .. C. indiex 

Range, From India and the Burmese Countries through the 
Malay Archipelago to Australia; also Sew Caledonia, Xew Hebrides, 
and Lord Howe Island. 

Key to the Bjpecies. 

a. Middle of the back and scapulars golden 
green like the upper wing-coverts. 
a'. Head entirely vinous, with no white ( , . „ », -. , 
forehead or superciliary stripes cAnj.fdora, p. 511 


V. Forehead and superciliary stripes white. ' «^*«»w " 2 > P-«13. 
a". Crown, occiput, and hind neck vinous, sangkirensiy <j% p. 51*3. 
b". Crown, occiput, and hind neck dark , . 7. --, 4 
lead-grey colour 
[mdjca^f.^U

mmim 'iia 

d. 
White of the forehead and superciliary « d * P*
stripes not very distinct. 
(>". 
Upper tail-coverts dark brown cinnamon, 
edged with black; central tail-
feathers dark brown indica $ ; p. 514. 


18 . CHALCOPHAPS. 
511 

d". TJpper tail-coverts almost pure cinnamon, 
like the central tail-feathers natalis $ , p. 520. 

h. 
Middle of the hack and scapulars cinnamon-
rufous ; forehead of the male pure white, of 
the female dark grey, abruptly defined from 
the colour of the crown. 
d'. Smaller; wing 5-6 inches: white forehead 

of the male and dark grey of the female not 

reaching over the eyes 
stephcmi, p. 520. 

e'. 
Larger ; wing 6'4 inches : white forehead of 
the male and dark grey of the female reaching 
as far as the eyes mortoni, p. 522. 


1. Chalcophaps chrysochlora. 
Columba javanica, 
Temm. fy Knip {nee Gm.), Pig. i. fani. seconde, 
pi. 26 (nee descr.) (1808-11); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 471 (part., Timor) 
11831) ; id. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 43 (part.) (1837); id. op. 
fit. 2nd ed. p. 280 (part.) (1838); 8. Midi Verh. Land-en Volkenk. 

p. 119 (Banda) (1839-44). 
Coluniba chrysochlora, Wagl. Syst. Av. sp. 79 (exel. syn.) (1827). 
('halcophaps chrysochlora, Gould, B. Austr. v. pf. 62 (pt. xiii., 
1843) ; G. M. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 477, n. 2 (1845); Blyth, J. A. S. B. 

xiv. 2, p. 860 (1845); id. Ann. $ Mag. N. H. xix. p. 109 (1847); 
Strickl. ibid. p. 101 (note) (1847); Blyth, Cat. B. Mm. A. 8. B. 
p. 238, n, 1441 (1849) ; Rchnb. Vog. Neuholl p. 319, sp. 423 (1850); 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 92 (1854) ; id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 209, 
222, n. 276 (1855) ; id. Coup d'oeil Ordre Pig. pp. 47, 59, n. 276 
(1855); G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columbte, p. 59 (1856); id. 
R Z. S. 1858, p. 196; id. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 61 (1859); id. 
Cat. B. Trap. Isl. p. 45 (1859) (Tanna & Island of Nu); Verr. f 
Bes Murs, Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1860, p. 436; Rchrib. Tauben, i. 
p. 47, t. 260. ff. 1443-44 (1862), ii. p. 166 (1862); Gould, Kandb. 
B. Austr. ii. p. 118 (1865); Schleq. N. T. D. iii. pp. 265, 266 
(1866) ; Benn. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 471; G. R. Gr. Ifand-list, ii. 
p. 245, n. 9417 (1870); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbia, p. 23 
(1873); Garr. P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 639, 1874, pp. 250, 256; 
Salvad. $ JD'Alb. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 836 (1875); Salvad. 
op. cit. ix. pp. 43, 206, n. 76 (1876); Rams. P. Z. S. 187(3, p. 110; 
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. 8oe., Zool xiii. pp. 319, 502 (1877); 
Layard, Ibis, 1878, pp. 276, 280 ; Rams. Pr. Linn. 8oc. N. 8. W. 
iii. pp. 104, 294 (1878), iv. pp. 73, 101, n. 174 (1879); id. Nature, 
xx. p. 125 (1879); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 664 (1879); 
B'Alb. Nuova Guin. pp. 528, 585 (1880); Salvad. Orn. Pap.eMol. 
iii. p. 169 (1882); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1883, pp. 51, 195, 200 (Tenimbet 
Isl.) j id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 460 (1883); Forbes, P. Z. S. 
1884, p. 433; Finsch 8f Meg. Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 28; 
Ra?ns. Tab. List, p. 18, n. 534 (1888) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1889, p. 558; 
id. Cat. Coll. B. p. 41 (1889); Hein. $ Rchma. Nomencl. Mus. 
Hein. Orn. p. 286 (1890) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. 
pp. 491, 589 (1890); id. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xiii. p. 64 
(Agg. Orn. Pap.eMol. p. 190) (1891); Hartert, Kat.VogelsammL 
p. 188 (1891); Collett, Vidensk.-Selsh. Fori. Christ. 1892, n. 13, 
p. 10 (Tongoa, N. Hebrides). 
Chalcophaps 
longirostris, Gould, B. Austr. Lntrod. p. lxix, sp. 424 
(1848) ; Rchnb. Vog. Neuholl. p. 319, sp. 424 (1850) ; Bp. Consp. 

PEEISTEBIBZ3. 

AD. ii. p. 92 (18-34): id. Compt. Rend, xl pp. 209. 221, n. 277 
(1855): zU 6W/> dml Ordre Pig. pp. 48, -39, n. 277 flSoo) • 
Gould, Bandb. JB. Amfr. ii. p. 119 USfJSj: Sclileg. X. T, D. iif 
pp. 265, 266 (1866): Bams. Pr. Linn. She. X. S. W. I. p. tm 
(1876), ii. p. 195, n. 522 (1877j i Matters. Pr, Linn, Soc. X. S.TT. 

ii. p. 275 (1877); Rams. Tab. Lht, pp. IS, note 534 tls86j. 
Columba javanicoidea, Tenun. Mv^. Lugd. fide Bp. Compt. B/>ttd. 
xliii. p. 948 (lb56). 
Ckalcophaps 
tirauren-ifc. Pp. Compt. Rendus, xliii. jp. 94S, 949 
(ISotS): Wall. P. Z. S. 1&U3, p. 4MJ; #. I5&. 1805. p. #93: «7. 
J"./. O. lfcUU, p. 28b*; (r. Pi. Or. Hand-lhr. Ii. p. i>4.j, n. 9421 
(1870): TFr/R Tr. Zool. Soc. i\. p. 222 tl<~) : 7VA//\ <"r/f. Co//. 
i?. p. 41 (IfcsO) ; Hon. & Pichnic. Xomenrl 3///>. JQ>//?. O/v*. 

p. 2bU (IbOO). 
Ckalcophaps cKiT.>uclilora a. tiniorenbl-, Bp. Grtupi. Bend, xliii. 
p. 949 (1856). " 
Chalcopliaps chn>oehlora, var., G. P. Or. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 105 
(Taniia te, Island of Xu). 
Perktera nioluccensis, part., Fimck. Xeu-Gvut. p. 179 11^65). 
Chalcopliaps indicaj part,, Schleg, 2s. T. IJ. Hi. pp. 2<>J. :]45 <lS<Wi>; 

id. Mm. P.-B. Culumbse, pp. 145,U\\ 149 1S7^I : lit H-nb. Malayw 
Archip. p. 372 (1878). 
Peristera ehrvsnchlora, Fio^enh, JReis nstrrr Zindoosftreii. p. H] 

(1867). 
Pliap^ tirnorien^, Gieb. The®. Or a. i. p. Oof) (1*721. 
? Clialeophaps ckiys'chlora, \ar. Mindwiehi-xw^ Ham*. Pr. Lint}. 

Soc. X.S. W. if. p. 2M^ (1^7b) (Vela Efaibuur. Mmdwirli I., N**w 
Hebrides), iii. p. 379 (ls79; (New Hebrides. 

Advlt male. Head, neck, upper back, breast, and abdomen vinous, 
changing into vinous grey towards the abdomen : on the nap** a 
slight bluifeh tinge ; remainder as in C. indira : %fc bill red, with the 
soft basal part yellowish: ieai dull carmine ; iris dark brown ** 
(I/Albcrtis). Total length 9*5 inches, winu *>, tail tfv>. bill 0-i,w 
tarsus 1. 

Female. Similar to the male but duller; the head, neck, upper 
hack, breast, and abdomen rufous brown, with scarcely any vinous 
tinge ; grej ish-white band < n the shouldei* as in the male ; under 
tail-coverts rutous brown; tail above chestnut-brown, the lateral 
feathers with a black subapical band ; outer tail-feathers grey as in 
the male. 

Young. Also the outer webs of the quills are tinged with rufonchestnut. 


Hah. Timor Group (Timor, Little, and Wetter, but not Flore>). 
Timor-laut, S.E. Moluccas (Banda, Kohr), Ke Inlands, S.E, New 
Guinea, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Au&tralia. and hmtl Howe 
Island. 

The birds from the neighbourhood of Port Ebsington have 
a longer bill (O. lonyirostrte, Gould); also those from Timor-laut 
have the bill longer than those from N. & Wales. 

a-e. S ? ad. sk. E. Timor. Wallace Coil. 
f. 6 ad. sk.
g, h. (S ad. et juv. sk. 
E. Timor (Wallace). 
E. Timor (Wallace). 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

18 . CHA.LCOPHi.PS. 
i. <$ ad. sk. 
k. Ad. sk. 
/. S ad. sk. 
m, n. <$ $ ad. sk. 
o. ? $ imm. sk. 
p. 
(S ad. sk. 
q. § imm. sk. 
r, s. Ad. sk. 

t, u. Ad. sk. 
I?. Ad. sk. 


w. 6 ad. sk. 
x. Ad. sk. 
?/. Ad. sk. 
z, a'. $ ad. sk. 
b'. Ad. sk. 
c'. Ad. sk. 
<#*. J Imm. sk. 

e\ Ad. sk. 
/. <5 ad. sk. 

A'. JUY. sk. 

%'. Ad. sk. 

A;', l\ d ad. et tf 

imm. sk. 

ml. Ad. sk. 

nr. $ ad. sk, 

o'. Ad. sk. 

p'. $ ad. sk. 

q'. Skeleton. 

E. Timor (Wallace). 
Timor (Wallace). 
Semao, Timor. 
Larat, Timor Laut, Aug., 
Sept. 
Larat, Timor Laut, Sept. (H. 

0. Forbes). 
Larat, Timor Laut, Sept. (&. 
0. Forbes). 
Moloe Is., Tenimber Is.. Sept. 
(Jff. 0. Forbes). 
Alleya, S.E. New Guinea, 

Feb., April. 
Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie). 
Port Moresby, S. New Guinea 

{A. Goldie). 
S.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie). 
Australia. 
Australia. 
Australia (J. T. Cockerell). 
Port Essington. 
Somerset, Cape York (J, T. 
Cockerell). 
Somerset, Cape York (J. T. 
Cockerel!). 

Queensland. 
PortMolle, Dec. (Copt Stanley). 


New South Wales 
Liverpool Eange, N. S. Wales. 
Melbourne. 
Vate Is., New Hebrides, June 


(C. L. Layai'd). 
Tanna, New Hebrides, Dec. 

Port Resolution, New Hebrides 
(/. McGillivray). 
Loyalty Is. 

Nu, Port de France, New 
Caledonia (J". McGillivray). 
Australia. 

Seebohm Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 

H. 
0. Forbes, Esq. 
[0.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Tweeddale Coll. 


Seebolim Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Capt. Chambers [P.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 


Seebohm Coll. 
Voyage of H.M.S. 


' Rattlesnake.' 
Gould Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

J. 
McGillivray, Esq. 
[P.]. 
Eyton Coll. 

Rev. J. Whitmee 
[0.]. 
Purchased. 

Purchased. 

2. Chalcophaps sanghirensis. 
Chalcophaps indica, var. sanghirensis, Bias, JBramschw. Anzeig. 1888, 
n. 9 (Jan. 11th), p. 86; id. Muss1 Isis, 1888, p. 78 j id. Ornis, 1888, 
p. 623. 
Adult male. Intermediate between the adult male of G. clirysochlora 
and that of C. indica; it is like the first in having the crown, 
occiput, and nape vinous, with a very slight tinge of lead-grey, but 
it differs in having the forehead and the superciliary stripes white; 
in the latter respects it resembles the male of C. indica, from 
which it differs in having the crown, occiput, and nape vinous, and 
not dark lead-grey; there is a triangular vinous spot on the forehead, 

^ L

VOL. xxr.

514 PEKISIEEID^J. 

just at the base of the culmen: " iris pale brown ; bill orange, soft 
part brown-red; feet cherry-red'" (Platen). Total length 9*U4 inches, 
wing 5-66, tail 3*30, bill 6*66, tarsus 1*02. (21ns. Brunswick.)* 

Female. Has no white on the forehead and over the eyes, and is 
very similar to that of C. clirysochlora. 
Hah. Great Sanghir Island. 

a. $ ? ad. fck. Sanghir IJand. Salyin-Godman Coll. 
Ji. Chalcophaps indica. 

Green-winged Dove, Edit: Birds, i. pi. 14 (E. Indies) (1741); Lath. 
Syn. ii. 2, p. 025, n. 14 (17SJj. 
Falun/bus amboinensis, Bms. Gm. i. p. 150, t 1-J. f. 1 {1700} 
(Amboina). 
Culuinba indica^ Linn. S. X. i. p. 2^4. n. 29 |in»f| \PX Erliranhi : 
Penn. Faun, lad. in For it. Zool. Lid. p. 41 f 17H1!; Jroq. Bti/tr. 

p. 3o. n. 20 (17&4); G-'wa. & X. i. p. 7V*-X L, 29 < 17*^ J; Z«M. 1/^/. 
0/72. ii. p. «j9ht n. 10 (1700J ; Haye.*, Por*r. of mrr & fur. B. ii. 
pi. 70 {17991; Virtu. X. I), XXVL p. 3HL> < W* i. 
Tourterelle de Java, LfAuhenf. PL Eal. 177. 
Tin vert, n, 3, Buff. Hte. XatOK ii. p. W* f17711. 
Pigeon \erd a tete gn?e d'Antigue, Soiuur. V*y. IS oft . Gat i. p. 13i>f 


pi. t-jfj (1770) (Palayi. 
Columba jautnenai*, J/tftf. S. X. Sujpi. p. 133. L. 3O// I 177^; : O/^v. 

Pr. .4c. PMr/rf. 1 ^0 i, p. 24S 
Blue-eruwiiKl Tuitl**, Lath. Syn. Av. ii. 2. p. •,->o« n. £2 117-3 . 
Columba turtur ^iridic,ZWZ TV*///. PA ZW. p 11 (17-31» 
Columba pileata, Scop. ltd. Hot. et Fuvn. In*i/hr. ii. p. iU, n. 9r» 

(17b0) {ex Sonne rat). 

Columba albieapilla, Gin. S. X. i. p. 775. n. -f I7w-f (# / Sounrrati; 
Latk. Ind. Or a. ii. p. oi*7, n. 11 (17!*0i; J7M7/. X 1). \\\\. p. Stjfc 
(1818). 

Culuinba ]aTanica? Gm. S. X. i. p. 7-1, a. *>"} {17-K I / /* PL E*il 177}; 
Z<sr/£. Z^/. Ow. ii. p. 610, n. 150 (17U0i: Bonn. Tt/bl. ZV . .T/tf/j. 

p. 237 (1700); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. ] p. i>-ii>, 4' -I 1-131 : n*///. 
JJ . xxvi. p. 3-1 (1H-): SttpL Gm. Z*ut. xi. p, 47 (1-19); 
Ilortf. Tr.Linn. Sac. xiii. 1, p. 153 f3-21i; Z*</J/. 2>. I/Arf, Soc. 
xiii. 2? p. 317 (lb22); l)e*m. Bid. Se. Xnt. xl. p. 332 11 -2f] ; J>.ss. 
TruTOm. p. 471 (part.; (Ib31): id. i'umpl. d*- ZV//I, O/-. T, ill, p. 43 
(1*37); id. OJJ. cit 2nd. ed. p. 2-0 (part.) I 1-3-j; ZV. P. Z. \ [-39, 
p. 107; S. Mull. Vtrk. Land-en VrAkeak. p. 101J <1^,9 44); 
Temm. Tail. PL Bnl. p. bl (lSJO). 
Columba c) anocephala, Gm. (nee Linn.) S. X. I. p. 7^1, n. Z\\ (17&*?) 
(ex Latham). 
Columba eairuleocepbala, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 010, xi. Ill |1790); 
VieilL X. B. xxvi. p. 3-9 (l&l^). 
Columba cyaneopileata, Bonn. Tabl. EMC. Mith. p. 23d (171*0) (dr 
Brtsson). 
Columba griseocapillata, Bonn. Tabl. Enc. Miih. p. 235? pi. 77, f. 2 
(1790) je^r Sonnerat). 
? Columba aurata, Bonn. Tabl. Enc. Mttk. p. 2o'J (1700} (Chine} «ex 
Ilolandre). 
Columba &upereiliari?, Wayl. Synt. Ar. Columba, ?p.fc<)f 1^27). 

* Pr. W. lilasiufe Idndly aeut me the typeb of this epecies fur inspection. 
IS. CHAXCGPHAPS. 
515 

Monornis perpulchra, Hodgs.Grays Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844) (Nepal). 
Ptiiinopub sujerciliaris, Hartl. Sy*t. Verz. p. 97 (1844). 
Clialeophaps indiea, G. B. Gr. List Gallince Bnt. Mus. p. 18 (1844); 


id. Gen. B. ii. p. 477, n. 1 (lb44); Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. 2, p. b59 
(1845 j ; id. Ann. ^ Mag. X H. xix. p. 99 (1847); Strickl. ibid. 

p. 101 (note) (lS47j; Rchnb. Av. Syst Xat. p. xxv (1855) ; Bp. 
Co/i»p. Av. ii. p. 91 {1S54J ; id. Compt. Rend. si. pp. 208, 509, 222, 
i. 273 (1*55); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Big. pp. 46, 47, 59, n. 273 
(1*55); G. B. Gr. Lkt B. Brit Mus. Columke,p. 59 (1*56); Moore, 
P Z. S. 1*50. p. 407 ; Bclmb. Tauben, i. p. 46, t. 260. ff. 1441-42 
tl*UiM, Ii. p. 106 fl*02j; Sdat. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 305, 1862, 
p. 321, 1*04. p. 130: Peh. Xovar. Beis., Tog. pp. 109, 162 (I860) ; 
Sthhg. X. T. IX id. pp. 205. 200, 345 (part.) (1800); 5fy*A, Ibis, 
1 M>7, p. 151; G. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 244, n. 9415 (1*70) : Sivinh. 
Ibu. 1*70, p. 350; .£V^\ 26M, lb70, p. 528 ; Suinh. B. Z. S. 1871, 
p 31*7: Wald. Tr. Zool Sue. Till pp. 86, 114(1872),-Holdsw. 
P. Z. S. I N 2, p. 407; JEto, P. £ & 1*73, p. 055; jEwm*, JVeste 
A- JEV/.<7«, p. 509 11^73j: Schleg. Mus. P.~B. ColumLaj, p. 145 (part.) 
(IN 31; #<wa, J/>/w. X«c. Z**&. Culimite, p. 23 (lb73); Salvad. 
f?r./;or/2.p.2Uiifl^74); JIume,Str. Featk. il^AQl (1*74); WW. 
7/Y///V. -7W. >SV. L\. p. 221 (1*75); Hume, Str. Ftath. iii. p. 105 
(1K75 >, iv. p. 401 (ls701; #«// wZ. ^i/z/L Mas. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 383 
(1^70); Bmyg.Abh. nat. Ver. Brew. v. p. *7 (1870) ; Skarpe. Tr. 
Ltjui. *W,, Zwii. 1. pp. 34*% 353 (1^70); Sal tad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 
ix. p. -20f», 11. 77 i 1-70); Iluicl. Orn. Misc. i. p. 119, pi. 51 (1877); 
Oiht. 4* I J"'id, Oi\. Chine, p. 3*4 (1877); Ilosenb. Malay. 
Anhip. pp. 275, 107 (1H7*J; Anders. Tunn. Biped, p. 607 (1878); 
IInme A* Da»ids, Str. Featk. \i. p. 424 (1*78;; Hume, Str. Featk. 
\iii. p. 110 (IN'O; Timid, Bull. Com. Ayr. et hid. Cochinck, (3) 
i. p. 142, 11. 254 (1*79;; Meyer, Ibis, lb70, p. 138; Legge, B. of 
Ceifl. p. 714 \ i*H)|; Kelt Ibis, 18*1, p. 528; Gates, Str. Featk. x. 
p.*235 U^*2j; Vordtrm. X JT. X I. xlii. p. 228 (1882); Salvad. 
Orn. Pap. e M»l. iii. p. 173 (1*82); Sale. Cat. B. Strickl. Coll. 
p. 552(1^21; Onti,% II Brit. Burnt, p. 297(1883); Sclaf. List 
Virt. An. *tli ed. p. 459 (1*83): Pleske, Bull. Acad. Pitersb. 
xxix. p. 535 (1^4i ; Vordtrm. X T.^X. I. xlvi. p. 236 (1886); 
S/ielkm. Sum.-Ejp. i. Jcgjr. p. 48 (1*87); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. (2) iv. p. 501 (16*7) (Nia«), vii. p. 424 (1889); Yorderm. 
X. T. X J. xlix. p. 413 (1*89); Anders. Journ. Linn. Soc, 
ZtiQl. xxi. p. 152 (1*89) pferjruij; Brisay, Bull. Soe. Accllm. 
1**9, p. 57; TrNi. Cat. Coll. B. pp. 41, 269 (1889) ; Steere, List, 
p 24 (18901; Vorderm. X T. X I. I. p. 508 (1890;; .ffewi. ^« 
Rchmc. Xomencl. Mm. Hem. Orn.-y. 280 (1890); Hartert, Kat. 
Togebamml. p. 1**. (1*91); Salvad. Mem. It. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. 

p. 04 iAgg. Orn. Pap. e Mtd. p. 190) (1*91); Vordenn. X. T. X. I. 
Ii, p. 422 (1892) (Basilan); Skarpe] Ibis, 1892, p. 442. 
Chalcophaps indices Tick, in Bli/th, J.A. $. B. xiv. 2, p. 848 (1845); 
id. Ann. & Mag. X. II. xix. p. 100 (note) (1847); Blyth, J. A. S. B. 

xv. p. 471 (1840); id. Cat. B. Mm. A. S. B. p. 237, n. 1440 (1849); 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 149; Blyth, Mouafs App. p. 302 (1S03); 
Jerd. B. of hid. iii. p 4<£ (1804/; Bear. Ibis, 1807, p. 332; Blyth, 
Ibis, 1868, p. 133: Ball, J- A. S. B. xlL pt. 2, p. 287 (1872); id. 
Str. Feath.l p. 80 (lb73); Wald. Ibis, 1873, p. 315; Hume, Str. 
Featk. ii. pp. 70, 75, &0, 209 (1874); Ball, Str. Feath. ii. p. 425 
(1874); Blyth £ Wald. B. Burm. p. 147 (1875). 
Chalcophaps 
mvanica, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 91 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend. xl. pp. 208, 209, 222, 11. 274 (1855); id. Coup dadl 
2z2 

510 PTBISTEBID.3E. 

Orre Pig. pp. 46, 47. 59, n. 274 (1855): Bchih, Tavhea, i. p. 40 
(1862), ii. p. 166 (1862); Wall. P. Z. & 1863. p. 48t5: z7/. X&i*, 
1865. p 393: id. J. f. 0. 1868, p. 484; Sousa, Mus. Xac. Lisb. 
Columto, p. 23 (1873). 

Chalcophaps augusta, Bp. Conftp. Av. ii. p. 92 (1854) (patr. ignota): 
id. tompt. Mend. xl. -p-p. 209, 221, n. 275 (ISoo): id. Coup $wi! 
Ord. Pig. pp. 47,59. n. 275 (1855): Schleg. X T. D. iii. pp. 2G5.206 
(1866); Blyth. Ibis. Ib6*s, p. 133 (Xieobaist; G. R. Gr. Hand-list 

ii. p. 244, n. 9419 (lb70); Ball Sir. Fratk. i. p. 81 (1*73). 
Perlstera bomen^K $. Midi Mm. Lugd. (jiiv.i; i?/>. Oj/i*p. Av. ii. 
p. 91 (1854); id. Cmnpi. Bend. xl. p. 20s 11^55) ; *77. C'oi/y, ^Vf/ 
OrdrePiff.y.±7 (IBZrj). 
Cbalcophaps bornen-i?. Dp. Compt. Btnd. xLIL f]h 947, 94* (1856n 
Wall. Ibis. 1865, p. 393; id. J.f.O. IMiU. p. 2-4. 
Cbalcophaps javanica, «. bornt-n-U. Bp. ComjJ. Be/id. xliii, p. 949 
(1856), 
Cbalcophaps moluecen*L», G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. ISfiO, p. 301: TF7/// 

P. £. A 1862, pp. 335, 345 (Sulal.). 15'tf, p. 34: i"/Z. 2&>, 1865, 
p. 393; id. J.f O. 15M,p.2*4; Ifrkleq. X T. i>. iii. pp. 2t;5. 260 
(1866); G. B. Gr. Hrmd-lisf. ii. p. 245, n. l420jl-7Uj; WW. TV. 
ifooZ. *5'<x\ ix. p. 222 (1875); i2W/i. 4* Rehar. JSlmeml Mm, llein. 
Or a. p. 2b6 (IbflO). 
Chalcuphaps albicapilla. Beknh Tanhm, i. p. 4* (1*02», II. p. inti, 

t. i. f. 10 (1862). 
Goura javanica, Sehhg* Di^rmt. p. 20H (1H*H>. 
Peristera moluecen?i% Fiwch, Xrir-Gi/in. p. 179 if*;irtt I H'*5f. 
Chalcoxjbaps fornioana, Swinh. 3K l^'^h pp. »>57 | « 1,510 | J h 
G. It 6V. Hand-fat, ii. p. 245, n. 9124 li*70>; iSVwi/i. P. Z. & 
1871, p. 397; Elites, P. Z. 6* 1*7,% p. M7. 
Cbalcophaps, sp., Mart. J. f. O. 1M>0, p. 24, up. 137. 
Cbalcophaps pileata, G. R. Gr. Haud-lhf, ii. p. 245, n. 9422 [Km. 
Cbalcophaps javancnsi*, G. B. Gr. Hnnd-lht, ii. p. 24*\ n. 9416 

(1&70); Hem. § Rrhnir. Komend Mm. IMn. Ora. p. 2*0 fl^90). 
Phaps albicapilla, Gieh, Tkts. Orn. i p. 630 (1*72 J, iii. p. b* (1*771. 
Phaps augusta.*, Gieh. op. cit. i. p. 630, iii. p. **9. 
Phaps javanica, Gieh. op. cit. i. p. 630 (1*72|. 
Phaps formosse, Gieh. op. cit. L p. 030, iii. p. btl. 
Phaps indica, 6-776. oj7. cff. i. p. 630, iii. p. 96, 
Phaps nioltieeen^s?, Gieh. op. cit. i. p. 630. 
Chalophaps marue, u Bp? Blyth {errore pro au frusta), Bird* of Burm. 

p. 147(1875). 
Cbalcophaps jaTaniis, Bmenh. Bets naar Zukhmsfprn!. p. 8 11875J. 
Cbalcophaps sp., Becc. Ann. 3Ivs. Civ. Gen, \ii. p. 716 (Mio-num and 
Koffiao) (lfe75). 

Adult male. Forehead and biipereiliimi white, changing into bluish 
lead-colour on the crown nnd nape ; back and wings golden green, 
the upper feathers of the back edged with bluish lead-colour; 
lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts blackish, sides of the rump 
greyish; on the lower back two greyish bars, and between them a 
band of coppery bronze, the feathers with dark edges; cheeks, throat, 
sides of the neck, and breast vinous purple, becoming greyish vinous 
on the abdomen; basal under tail-coverts ashy, the longest blackish; 
smaller wing-coverts on the shoulders vinous grey, tipped with 
white, producing a white bar; quills brown, with the inner webs 
towards the base cinnamon,* like the under wing-coverts ; inner 

18 . CHALCOPHAPS. 
secondaries golden green, like the greater part of the wing; tail 
dusky black, the two or three outer feathers grey with a black 
subterminal band and grey tip: bill coral-red, dusky at the base; 
orbits livid fleshy; irides dark brown; feet dull purple-red. Total 
length 10*5 inches, wing 5-75, tail 3*75, bill 0'7, tarsus 1. 

Female. Porehead dull grey, and the superciHum narrower; 
occiput, nape, and upper back brown: underparts reddish brow n, 
minutely speckled with grey points; smaller wing-coverts on the 
shoulder^ brown, with scarcely any paler tips; four central tail-
feathers brown-black, next two pairs tinged with rufous chestnut 
towards the ba&e; two outer feathers as in the male. 

Young. Dusky brown above, with little green, and barred below, 
lecalling, says Elyth, the colouring of Jlacropyyia. 

Hah. From India, Ceylon, Burmah, and B. China, through the 
Malay Peninsula and the Malay Archipelago to ~\X. New Guinea and 
the Islands in Geelvink Bay* 

a3 b. (S ad. -k. CVylon. Gould Coll. 
t, d. {$ 5 ad. »!'. Ce\lon, March, Dec. {S. Chap-Tweeddale Coll. 
Matt). 

p. <f ad. 4i. Oylon. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
f. d ad. Ai. CV\ Ion. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<f. r ad. bk. Ce\l»>n, Dec. (Messrs. Hart). Hume Coll. 
//, J ail. -k Cey I* m. Cuming Coll. 
h &. d 2 ad. nk. An] mqo7 Tnnancore, Dec. Hume Coll. 
/, ?n. d 2 a^-,^-Mvnull, S. Travancore, Jan., Hume Coll. 
Feb. (Bourdilhn), 

n. 
2 ad. **k. Mynall, 8. Travancore, Nov. F. W. Bourdillou, 
Esq. [C.]. 
o r. d 2 ac^-**k-Malabar. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
v. d ad. fek. Mysore. 
W. Davison, Esq. 
/. 2 ad. sk. Madras. Rev. II. H. Baber 
[P.]. 

it. d ad. sk. Burliar (It. G. W. JR.). Tweeddale Coll. 
/'. tc, d 2 ad. sk. Buiiiar, Oct. Hume Coll. 

x. 2 ad. bk. Coonoor Ghat, Oct. (R.G. W.R.),. Tweeddale Coll. 
//, z. 2 ad. sk. Coonoor, Feb. ( W. Davison). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
a', h\ d ad. sk. Muncllah, April (22. Thompson). Hume Coll. 
c'. d ad. bk. Kaladoonger, Dec. Hume Coll. 
d\ <$ ad. sk. Mus«orie. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
<''»/'• d ad. sk. Mu-sorie. Hume Coll. 
/ . Juv. bk. Kumaon (Straehey). India Museum [P.]. 
V/,2*. d $ ad.sk. Dehra, Feb., Dec. (<?. King). Hume Coll. 
h\ 2 ad. sk. Almorah, Oct. Hume Coll. 
/', m', «'. 6 2 Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq. 
ad. sk. 
[P.]. 
(Types of Monornis perpulchra, Ilodgs.) 
o', P', 4> d 2 Native Sikhim, May, June, Hume Coll. 
ad. sk. Sept. (L. Mandelli). 
r'-x', 6 2 a ^ sk* Sikhim, Jan., April, June, Sept., Hume Coll. 
Nov., Dec. (X. Mandelli). 
y\ *', «"• 6 2 Sikhim (L. Ifandelli)* Seebohm Coll. 
ad. sk. 

¥'. 2 ad. sk. Rishah, 3o00 ft. Tweeddale Coll. 

513 
PEBISrERIDJE. 

ad. sk. 

f. 2 ad. sk. 
>/". tf ad. sk. 
A". S ad. sk. 
*". 2 ad. sk. 
k". (S ad.sk. 
I", m", n". <$ g 

ad. bk. 
o"t p". $l*iiv. sk. 
q". Juv. bk. 
r'\ *>". d ad. et 

£'', ?/'. J ad. er 

(Jimm. sk. 
v". ? ad. *k. 
ir'-a\ $ $ ad. 


sk. 
^-c \ tf2ad.sk. 
<T, ^.tf? ad.sk. 


f\g\h\ $ 2 ad. 

et $ juv. bk. 
f{. tf ad. <k. 
kK tf ad. a*. 
£J. tf ad. sk. 
mK 2 imm. sk. 
M,-<?i. <? $ ad.et 


imm. sk. 
r*. <$ ju\. sk. 



s. J ad. sk. 
P-.iK6 2 ad.sk. 
i/3. J ad. sk. 
z'-cK d2 ad.sk. 
tfl. J ad. sk. 

^-/J4. <$ ad. 4i, 

i\ hK 6 ? imin. 
^ ad. sk. 
Zl, m\n%.S $ad. 
sk. 
ol-H. tf $ ad. 
et juv. sk. 
s%. 2 ad. sk. 

tl. 
<$ ad. sk. 

aa*et 

w*-yl. 6 2tf juv. sk. 
zl-f' <$ 2 ad. et 
juv. sk. 
g\ 2 juv. sk. 

/f>. 2 ad. sk. 

i"\ (S ad. sk. [var.] 
k'. <S ad. sk. 

Darjeelimr. 


Daijeelimr. 
Darjeeling. 
Bhotan Duars. Feb. (L. Maa


detti). 
Calcutta. May. 
Tipper all. 

Dacca. 

Dibrughur, April {J. JR. Gipps). 
KhasiaHiiL {Cinphs). 

X. Kha^ia Hill*. Jan.. Dec. \ A. 
JF. Chenndl). 
Karen Hills. Jan. (2?. ft. JF. IL). 

Burmah (MajorILovfflifhn\. 
Tonsrhoo. Jan., l*Vb., Apiil, Nov., 

Dec. {It. G. W.M.I 
Pfiru, IVb.fi?. TV. Grit*). 
Pegu, Feb. 

IUUIJOOII, JtiHf\ 1>W. j JL (r. 

TV. 11 ). 
Ihiiirvuiij Jan, (TV. Da ^>//L 
Tlmotit*. 
Moulm**in. Nov. { IF. Zta/o n\. 
Meetai,. Feb. < 7F. Dan^>H\. 
Am' eM, Jan., June f JF. lhvi


soa U 

Meeta M\ o, April {JF. D ^ *\ort). 
Mererol. July { JV. Damons* 
Banka-oon, April-June (JF. 

Davison). 
MaUwoon. Feb. { TV, Davison). 
Penan if (Ca/itor). 
Dinardinar I>.,Feb.( Jf". Dar>st*n). 
Kiai,^r. May, Aujr. { TV. Drn w*aKurroo, Nov. (JF. Daimn). 

Malacca (Cantorj. 

Malacca {Mainqmj\. 

(Tiinnoipr Pulai, J chore, Aug. 
(JF. Daiim/i). 

S. 
Andamans, Aug. (12. X 
Wimherley). 
S. Andaman*, Jan.,May 
(JR. G, 
TV. It). 
Port Mouat, B. Andaman**, 
Jan., April ( TV, Damson). 
Port Mouat, 8. Andamans, Jan. 


( W. Davison). 
Strait la, S. Andamans, April 
(IV. Damson). 
Pt. Blair, S. Andamans. 
Kondul Is., Nicobars, March. 
Seebohm Foil 

Gould Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

In Ua Museum P". 

Twepfldale Coll. 

Su^hin-n- dman Coll. 
T\\ e^ddale C ill. 
Hump Ci II. 

"F. . 

HunwFolI. 

Hniui* < 'nil. 

II nnn Foil 

Ilui? e I' ill. 

Hiane Coll. 

Hnnie Coll 

11 nine d»ll 

Hume Coll. 

Hume < Vll. 

India Mu^'um *P _ 

Hume Cull. 

j.Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
India Museum "!*._. 
TweefH tie Coll 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Hume Coll, 
Salvin-Godmau Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 
Hume Coll. 


IS . CHILCOPHAPS. 

519 

/. J ad. sk. 

ad. sk. 
p'. g ad. *k. 

q . r'\ £ 2 a<^* fc^* 
&./*'. j J ad. fck. 

w . O ad. sk. 
V . JllY. ak. 
# . ar*. J1 ad. et 
juv. sk. 
y -h . c* ad. et 
juv. 4i. 
e , d . <* ad. -k. 

e . f ad. *k. 
/ . 0 ad. sk. 
// , // . rf ad. -k. 
i . J ad. ^k. 
k < I ,m .$ 2sid. 
et ^ juv. 4u 
?z . </. i ad. *>t 

dj'u. *k. 

_/> . P ad. 4c. 

q . Juv. hk. 
/ . $ *ui. ^& 
. cf ad. $k. 
/'. J ad. sk. 
wb. cf ad. bk. 

vs , E3. J $ ad. sk. 

^ ,y6.c? 2 ad. sk. 

z . <$ juv. sk. 
«", <5>T-d $ ad. fek. 
<?". cJ ad. sk. 
<f. (51 ad.sk. 
e". cJ ad. sk. 
fr 

. $ ad, sk. 

^ 7 ,F . cJ2ad.sk. 

i7, #*. c? a&* sfr


r. 2 ad. bk. 
m"1. S ad. sk. 
TO7. <$ ad. sk. 
o7. 2 a&* s&» 
;;7? £7, r7. 2 ad. et 
Trinkut Is.. Xicobars, March 

( W. Davison). 
Trinkut Is., Xicobars, Jan., 
Feb., Dec. (22. J". Wimberley). 
Bompoka Is., Xicobars, Jan. 

{ W. Davison). 
Camurta Is., Xicobars, Feb. 
(IF. JDaviwn). 
Camorta R , Xicobars, Dec. 

(22. J. Wimberley). 
Xancowry R , Xicobars, Dec. 
{11. J. Wimberley). 
Lamponjr, S.E. Sumatra (E. 
C. Burton). 
Java. 

Ja\a f Wallace). 

E. Java. 
Lomb jck ( Wallace). 
Loin bock. 
Hainan, China, Feb. (22. 8?cinhfjp). 


Formosa, March, May, Xov. (22. 
tiirmkop}. (Types of 
Barani, X.W. Borneo, * July, 

Autr. 
Sarawak. 
Sarawak (Everett). 
Philippine Is. 
Luzon, Jan. (A, B. Meyer). 
Manilla, Feb. (A. B. Meyer). 
San Mateo, Manilla, Feb. (A, 

II. Everett). 
Monte Alban, Feb., March {A. 
H. Everett). 
Xegros, March (A. B. Meyer). 
Valencia, Au<r. (A. H. Everett). 
Cebu, April (A. H. Everett). 
Cebu, April (A. H. Everett). 
Surijyao, June (A. H. Everett). 
Zamboanga, March (A. EL. 
Everett). 
Zamboan<ra, March {A. JET.
Everett). 
Basilan, May, June (A. H.
Everett). 

Celebes. 
Menado, X. Celebes. 
Ternate (Wallace). 
Gilolo. 


Batchian.


Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll 

Hume Coll. 

Hume Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coil. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

India Museum HP.]. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

"Wallace Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Wallace Coll 

Seebohm Goll. 

Seebohm Coll. 
C.formosana, Swinh.) 

C. Hose, Esq. [C.]. 
Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll 

Cuming: Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

 Salvin-Godman Coll. 

 Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Tweeddale Coll. 

Gould Coll. 

Wallace Coll. 

 Wallace Coll. 

d iuim. sk. et (Types of Ohaleophaps molitccemis, Gr.) 
ad. st. 

7 skBoura. Wallace Coll. 

a<*

s, f. 2-


Gould Coll. 

Amboyna (Wallace). 

5:20 
PEEISTEBID-S. 
?/7. £ ad. sk. Amboyna, Mav (JET. O.Forbes). Tweeddale Coll. 
x\ $ ad.sk. E. Cemm (A."B. Wallace). Tweeddale ColL 

f. S ad. sk. rAru Is.] 
Tweeddale ColL 
z. Skeleton. India. 
Purchased. 
4. Chalcophaps nataHs. 
Chalcophaps 
natalis, Lister, P. Z. S. 1S5S; p. 522 (Christina* J.f 
Indian Ocean). 

The advli male cannot be distinguished from some male specimens 
of C. Udica—the bill is not stouter, nor the white and pale 
slate streak on the shoulder smaller, but the finale has the 
upper tail-coverts of a pure cinnamon colour, like the central tail-
feathers, also the under tail-coverts are of a cinnamon colour 
without blackish tips : in the latter respect it resemble* C. sttjJiaui, 
and also as regards the rufous-cinnamon colour of the neck, upper 
back, and breast. Total length about 0 5 itiehe», wing 5%3, hill 0-US, 
tarsus 1 *05. 

Hob. Christmas I., Indian Ocean. 

a, b, c, S $ a^-fck Christmas I. J. «T. Liatt-r, E.-q. ~P.~. (T\peof 
specie-*.) 

5. Chalcophaps stephani. 
Peristere d'Etienne, Hombr. 8r Jaeq. To?/. Pith Sitd, Atici*, pi. 28. 
f. 2 (1840) (types examined. New Guinea, St. George Ll.f. 
Chalcophaps (d'Etienne), G. II. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 24 (1^40). 
Chalcophaps stephani, Bthnh. Syn. A>\ Caluihlmntt, Xvtit.t. 2o0. 
f. 2095 (1551); Pucker, fy Jacq. Try. B6U< Svth ZotA. iii. p. Ill) 
(1853); Earth J. f. 0. 1^34, p. IWi Up. Con+p. Ac. ii. p. 92 
(1854); id. Comjpt. Ihnd. xl. pp. '210, 221, n 278 (1855/; id. 
Coup deceit Ordre Biff. pp. 41*, 59, n. 27b I 1*55) ; &.*/#/. Jovrn. Br. 
Linn. Soc. ii. p. 108, n. 150 (1&5*) : <7. J?. fVV. 2J. #. & ISufc. 
p. 196, 1859, p. 159; id. Cat. B. Xeic Gum. pp. 49,61 {KM\; id. 
Cat B. Trap. Id. p. 45 (1859); id. P. Z.S. lfcM, p. 4;i7; BehnL 
Tauhen, i. p. 47, t. 259. f. 2595 {1802}; iW^ . X Z. JYl J. xxv. 
p. 250, n. 241 (1&C3); id. J. f. 0. 1&C4, p. 133, xt. 241; Wall. Ibis, 
1865, p. 394; id. J. f. 0/1866, p. 1^4; »S'd%. X T. J>. iii. 
pp. '2m, 267, 345 (1866); G. It Gr. Hand-tint, Ii. p. 245, n. 9418 
(1870); Wald. Trans. Zml. Soe. T iii. pp. no, 114 (1872); ScMeg. 
Mus. P.-B. Columbae, p. 151 (1873); Becc. Ann. Mus. Cm. Gen. 
vii. p. 715 (1875); Sahad. ibid. p. 791 (1«H75), ix. pp. 44, 206, n. 78 
(1876) ; Briigg. Abh. naturw. Ver. Brem. v. p. 87 (1876); Bams. 
Br. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. i. p. 374 (1876); Sahad. Aim. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. x. p. 160 (1877) ; Skarpe, Journ. Linn. Soc*, Zr*oL xii. 
p. 502 (1877); Sclat B. Z. S\ 1877, p. Ill, Iteja, pp. 289, 671; 
Sahad. Atti B. Ac. Sc. Tor. xiii. p. 324 (187^ (Tarawai) j Bams. 
Br. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. iii. p. 294 (1878), iv. p. 1017 n. 175 
(1879) ; Finsck, B.Z. S. 1879, p. 13 (Duke of York hi); If Alb, 
8f Sahad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 123 (1879); Sahad. ibid. 
p. 664 (1879); JRosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 275, 372, 306, 561 
(1879); BAIL Xuom Guin. pp. 582, 585,588 (1880); Sahad. 
Om. Bapie Mol. iii. pp. 178, 562 (1882); Finsch, Vug. d. Sildsee, 
p. 19 (1884) (New Britain); Pleske, Bull. Acad. Betersk xxix. 
521 

IS . CHALCOFHAPS. 

p. 535 (1884) (Ternafe); Xearle. J. f. 0, 1885, p. 34 (Wai^ion); 
Meyer, Zeitsehr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 87 (Kafa) ; Bias. Zeitsehr. 
f ges. Or a. 1SS8, pp. 1ST. 208; Trisir. Cat Coll. B. p. 41 (1889); 
*Hein. $-Rckmc. Xomencl. Mvs. Hein. Orn. p. 286 (IbOO); Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. Se. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 64 (Ago. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 190 
(1891). 

Peri&tera albifrvms. Temm. Mas. Lugd. fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 92 

(1854); id. Cumpt. Rend. si. p. 2110 (1855); id. Coup a? ceil Ordre 

Pig. p/48(18»>5j. 

Chaleophap, albifr ins, Bp. l$4$,jtte Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 92 (1854). 

1* Carpopha_ra |!) etienn^i, u Bp.f Finsck, Xeu-Guia. p. 178 (1865) 

(Celebea)-: Bias. J.f O. lbS3, p. 116. 

Peristera btephani, Finscft, Xm-Gitin. p. 179 (I860). 

Chalouphap* honibroni, Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 394, n. 113 ( 2); ul. 

Jf 0. I860, p. 284; G. R. Gr. Rand-lki, ii. p. 245, n. 9423 (1870). 

Chalcophapa wallacei, Brhqg. Ahh. naturw. Ver. Brem. v. p. 464 

(1876 j «JeMbe-); Bias. J.f. 0. 18*8, pp. 139, 162. 
Phap* atephani, Gitb. Hies. Orn, i. p. 630 (1872), iii. p. 91 (1877). 
Phaps hombroiii, Gieh. op. eit. i. p. 630, iii. p. 89. 

Adult male. Forehead white, abruptly defined; crown, occiput, 
nape, mantle, scapulars, shoulders, and breast vinous cinnamon, 
with a purple lustre, nearly wanting on the scapulars and breast; 
lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts brown-chestnut; on the 
luwer back two bands of a light cinnamon colour, and between them 
a dark brown band with some bronze reflections; abdomen cinnamon, 
under tail-coverts brown-chestnut; median and greater wing-
coverts and outer webs of tertials metallic green; quills on the 
outer webs and at the tips brown, the inner web, except*at the tip, 
cinnamon, like the under wing-coverts; tail rufous brown, the four 
central feathera uniform, the lateral ones brighter rufous with a 
bubterminal black band, and the tip rufous : the outer feathers grey 
towards the base: " iris brown ; bill coral-red, carmine over the 
nostrils; feet dull carmine77 (I)''Albertis). Total length about 
9 inches, wing 5'6, tail 3*5, bill 0*62, tarsus 0*9. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the forehead dark grey; 
the rufous-cinnamon colour of the upper parts and breast is duller, 
with scarcely any purple lustre. 

Yonng. Brown, varied with cinnamon colour; forehead ashy 
rufous or whitish rufous; feathers of the upper and underparts 
brown, tipped with rufous-cinnamon; upper tail-coverts and greater 
wing-coverts almost entirely cinnamon. 

Ilab. Celebes, and Papuan Islands as far as the Duke of York 

Inlands, but not in the Moluccas ! 

a. £ ad. sk. Celebes. Gould Coll. 
/;, c. S ad. sk. Menado, X Celebes. Wallace Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll. 
e. c? juv. sk. Waigiou (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
/ . $ ad. sk. Mysol (Wallace). Gould Coll. 
(One of the types of C. hombroni, Wall.) 
j7.5juv.sk. Mysol (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll. 

k. 5 ad. sk. New Guinea (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
i. Juv. sk. New Guinea* Wallace Coll. 
522 
PEEI8TERID-E. 

J:, I. <$ ad. et (J Dorev. Wallace Coll. 
juv. (Types of C. hombrom, Wall.) 

m. cJ ad. sk. X.W. Xew Guinea. Sab in-Godman Coll. 
n. 
J imm. sk. Amberbaki, X. W. New GuiSalvin-
Gudman Coll. 
nea, May. 
o. 2 ad. sk. Port Moresby {-£. Goldir). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
2>. $ ad. sk. Port Moresby. J. Broadbent, E*q. 
q. ? juv. sk. S.E. New Guinea. T. liuiistein, E?u . 
r. 
g ad. .sk. S.E. New Guinea. Sharp- Cull. 
5. cf ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea [A. Guldie\. Salvm-Gudman Cull. 
r\ u. £ 0 ad. sk. Am Mands {':). Guuld Cull. 
v, u\ x. £ J ad. sk. Duke of York I.. (Iter. G. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Brown).

tj,z. 6 2 ad.sk. Duke of York Is. [Ret:. G, Twneddale Coll. 
Brown). 

6. Chalcophaps mortoni. 
Chalcophaps chrv^oehlora. Earns, inn GmthhPr. Lin a. *SV\ IV*. S. "IV. 

iv. p. 73, n. ±f) (l*7i*) (Guadalcanal1j ; 
Tri^tr. Ihl% l^27 p. 144. 
n. 3o,p. 140. 
Chalcophaps mortoni. Hams, IV. ZMH. *SV. X *V. JF. \ i. p. 7L}O f1H*l); 
«V/. {!") Saft/rej vol. LVS, pp. 1^2, #KS; tirtlrnd. Ann. jj>/*. Cir. (lea. 
xvili. p. 4^9t n. 21 (\b*m2); id. Orn. Pap. e Mai. lii. p. W2 \\**2): 
Rams. Pr. linn. Sor. X. #. J P. vii. pp. ^>7, ttf>7 I J )| 1^~ J (Solomon 
Ms.)j Ac/rw/, Mem. P. Ac. He. Tor. <L>) xlii. p. 04 <-.%. 0;VL 
Pap.eMol.y. 100) < 1*01). 

Chalcophaps 
stepliani, Grant (nee P, 4* J.)7 P. Z. S. !bH^, p. 201 
(Aola, Guadalcanal*). 

There is a single specimen, a female, in the collection, and after 
examining it, I should say that the species from the Solomon Inland-* 
is really distinct from C. siephnii; it is a much larger bird, and the 
lead-grey colour of the forehead of the female h more extended. 
reaching the middle of the crown, and the brown-chocolate colour 
of the hind head, nape, and back is darker: L- bill yellow ; legsr^d ; 
iris brown " ( Woodford). Total length about 1U*5 inches, wins f>4, 
tail 3-0, bill 0-70, tarsus 1-5. 

The adidt male is described by "Mr. Ramsay as having the forehead 
white as far as the eyes; rest of the head and ear-coverts dull 
plum-colour, the hind neck and interscapular region and shoulder?* 
vinaceous purple tinged with rosy violet; remainder of the plumage 
as in the female. 

Hab. Guadalcanar, Solomon Islands. 

a. 2 ad. sk. Aola, Guadalcanar, May, C. M. Woodford [P.]. 
19. 
CAL0PELIA. 
Type. 
Calopelia, Salvad. MS. C. puella. 
Range. Confined to Western Africa. 

IP . CJLLOPELIA. 523 

Keg to the Sjjecits. 

General plumage cinnamon : head cobalt-blue; no dark 
bands on the rump ; tall much rounded or graduated 
; 1st primary equal to the tith; 2nd, 3rd, and 
4th netirh equal and the Ldigest. 

a. Spots on the viiijra metallic green puella, p. 523. 
b. Spots on the v,*mj& golden coppery bre/imeri, p. 524. 
1. Calopelia puella. 
CVurnba (Peri*tera/ puella, Schley. Bijdr. tot tie Dierk, 1843, p. 17, 
pi. — : HartL Btifr. Orn. JJ>«»tufr.' I*o0, p. 37, sp. ^85. 

IVri^tera uiieLa, Iichnb. tiyn. Ar. Columbarhe, Xovit. t. 245. £2598 
{ WJI I ;* #«/•*/. J. f. O. 1NJ4, p. L>0?, 1<J5. p. 30f:~C&*8. PA Ac. 
Phjkul 1^50, p. 321 {('ape L pez); Hartl. Or/i. W.-Afr. pp. 198, 
275; O**. P A -4*. Phi* ad 1 *>J9, p. 143 {Cam ma, Ogobai, and Muni 
River**); tiharpe, Ibl% 1^*0, p. 3 N (Fantee); tiehleg. Mm. P.-P. 
Columb.K p 134 (1&73); 'C^her, IMs\ 1S74, p. 71 (Gold Coast). 

Peri-4>nt puieheila, heftier/, {uhi^) fide Pp. Comp. Ai\ ii. p. 08 
(1>3A); i^/. f'ompL Ilntd. si. p. 20 (1K35) ; *V7. 6W^> cVwd Ordre 
Pit/, p. .'I*J |1H55). 

Chal *npf*li t puella, 7/y>. Cansp, Ar. ii. p. 08 (1^54) ; id. Compt. Rendus. 

xi. pp. IP, 2111, n. 201 (ls55t; z>/. tW/> ^/V/Y O/r/re Pir/. ]>p. 33, 
57, ii. 201 11^55) j O. It Or. IIand-li*t, ii. p. 244, n. 9410 (1*70); 
tf/*///. Ibis, 1^3fp. 321; *SV/«/. ZzV Je/tf. ^ . 8th ed. p. 458 
I 1^S>}; llein. A* Itchnir. XomtmcL 3Ii/s. Hem. Orn. p."Jbo (ibPO). 
Chaleopeleia puella, liek/ib, Tauben, i. p. 79, t. 245. f. 2593 (1802), 

ii. p. 17«U l5<*2). "" ^ 
Turtur puellus, Gieh. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 727 (1877). 
Ilapiopeiia puella, Tmtr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 40 (1880). 
Adult male. General plumage cinnamon, somewhat darker on the 
upper parts ; head and upper part of the neck cobalt-blue, paler on 
the forehead and throat; lores black; lower part of the neck shaded 
with vinous ; several metallic golden-green spots on the inner 
greater wing-coverts and inner secondaries; quills pale brown, with 
tne inner webs towards the base cinnamon, like the under wing-
coverts : six central tail-feathers uniform cinnamon, the three outer 
pairs cinnamon at the tip, with a black subterminal black band, 
and with the base more or less grey ; the outer tail-feathers have no 
cinnamon colour on the outer web, except at the tip: a iris brown ; 
bill dusky slate-colour, inclining to yellow towards the tip; legs 
brownr "(Shelley). Total length about 10*5 inches, wing 5*2, 
tail 4-6, bill 0-6, tarsus 0-95. 

Female. Apparently similar to the male, but perhaps smaller. 
The immature bird has some of the scapulars, wing-coverts, and 
secondaries barred with black. 
Hab. W. Africa, from the Gold Coast to the Gaboon. 

a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk. 
Sierra Leone (Dr. Clark). 
Gold Coast. 
Shelley Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. Cape Coast Castle. Tweeddale Coll. 

524 PEEI&TERIDJD. 
d-g. Ad. sk. Fantee (Ussher). Shelle\ Coll. 
h. Ad. sk.
L Ad. bk. 
Fantee {Aubinn). 
Cameroon Mountains, 
Shelley Coll. 
Shelle\ C J,1. 

2. Calopelia brehnieri. 
Chalcopelia brehnieri, Hart1. Ibis, 1505. p. 200: zV. J. f. 0. 1^65, 
p. 07 (Gaboon; ; #. P. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 244, 21. 9411 (1^70); 
Finsch. Ibi*, 1^75, p. 407; Rocaf/p, OrA. Any. p. #d (1-^1) • 
Shell Ibis, l^S. j). t}'2'2. ^ 
Perfctera brehmeri Skarpe S- Bow. Bull. Sue. Z > 7. Fr. 1^70, p. 52 
(Landano and Chinchonvjj; RJt/ar. J.f. (J. 1ST, p. l.J | Luan^o». 
Tmtur bivlmii fit, Gieh. The-. Orn. iii. p. 7 Jo {1^77). 

Very similar to C pifelli, from which it only differs in the 
metallic spot 011 tbe wing* being of a golden eoppt r\\ with occasionally 
a flight green reflection: " bill brown-red <it t\e ba^e, 
blue-grey at the tip: feet pale red; iri* bro^n" (F({ll'ui<(t?it). 
Total length 9*1 inches, wing 5*2, tail 4*5, bill 0**35. tar»n* ] . 

Young. Forehead reddish. 
Hah, AY* Afiica, from Gaboon to the Lo.mcru Coa*t, north of tie 
Congo. 
According to Shelley not .specifically different from C. jitn 7hr, 

a,b. Ad. sk. Xo locality (Gaboon r). Mr liuCliaillu Tj. , 

20. 
EEMC0PEAPS. 
Tvpe. 
Henieophaps, G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1-01, p. 432 ........ H. aJkro^. 
Kvnchasnas (lege Rhvnchcena&j? Rosenk X T. A". X 

xxix. p. 143 (1862/ 
II aibifron*. 
Range. Xew Guinea and the western Papuan Islands—Waigioo, 
Gheniien, Salawatti, and Ara Islands* 

1. Henicopliaps alMfrous. 
Henieophaps 
albifron*, G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. l^fjl, pp. 452, 4-i7, 
pLxliv.; Ilchih. Tank ii. p. 191, n. 104 A < I8U21; Fmsrh, Xtu-
Gum. p. 179 (lb05j; Wall. Ik\ lbt)5, p. :31'2; id. J. f. O. lsGti, 

p. 283; &to/. 3T. 7\D. iii. pp. 103, Sio (lwitj); id* in lUnmb. 
Reis ?iaar Zuidoostertil. p. 50 (note) (lbB7); WnlL Malay. ArcMp. 
pp. 307, 480 (1809j; 61. P. Gr. Kand-li*t9 ii. p. 245\ 11. 9420 
(1870); Sundev. Meth. nat. Ac. disp. Tent. p. 100 f 1^72); Sekkff. 
Mus. P.-P. Columbte, p. 150 (1*73>; Gfck Jfer. Orn. ii. p. ii22 
(1875); Becc. Ami. Mm. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 flfc75); Salrad. 
ibid, p. 791 (1875), 5x. pp. 45, 201,22. b2 (1870)t x. p. 101 (lt>77 h 
Ram*. Pr. XWR. #W?. N.S. W. iii. p. 104 {}<b\, iv. pp. 02,101, 
n. 177 (1879); ifosewft. Malay. Arehip. pp. J372, 395, 501 (1^7hJ; 
Sharpe, Journ. Linn.. Soaf Z00L xiv. p. 6&> (1570j: If Alb. ty 
Salmd. Ann. Mia. Civ. Gen. xiv, p. 124 (1870) ; If Alb. Nuora 
Guin. pp. 254, 281, oSi? 5b2, 5b5? 5b8 (lb^0); Salrad. Orn. Pap. 
e Mol. iii. p. 18**3 (1882); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soe.t Zt*oL x\i. 
p. 446 (1882); Kchrk. J. f, O. lfeS5, p. 34 (Waigiou); GitHlem. 
21. PHAPS. 
525 
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 802 ; Finsch §> Meyer, Zeitschr.f. ges. Orn. 1886, 
p. 25; Tristr. Cat Coll B. p. 40 (1889); Hein. \ Rchnw. 
Xomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 286 (1890); Salmd. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. (2) s. p. 82G (1891); id. Mem. R. Ac. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 65 
(Agq. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 191 (1891). 
Eynchsenas (tic) schlegelL Rosenb. X. T. N. I. xxix. p. 143 (1862). 
Bhyn chinas scklegelii, Rosenb. Reis naar ZuidoostereiL p. 50 (1867). 

Adult -male. Forehead white, more or less tinged with buff; rest of 
the head, neck, breast, and abdomen dark purple vinous, tinged with 
greyish on the latter; mantle and scapulars black with a green 
lustre : lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts slate-black ; 
smaller wing-coverts black, edged with dark chestnut; the median 
and the inner greater wing-coverts golden bronze, edged with dark 
chestnut; the tertials metallic green on the outer webs; bastard-
wing, primary-cove its, outer greater wing-coverts, under wing-
coverts, quills, and tail dark slate-black; vent and under tail-coverts 
chestnut: 4kMll black; feet red; iris black" (D'Alhertis). Total 
length about 13-0 inches, wing 7*25, tail 5*25, bill 1*24, tarsus 1-12. 

Fettiah. Like the male. 
Yoifivj. "Wants the metallic colour on the wings. 
Hah. Xew Guinea and the western Papuan Islands—Waigiou, 

Gheniien, Salawatti, and Aru Islands. 
In some specimens the metallic colour on the wings has a blue 
tinge. 

(r-d. Ad. et juv. New Guinea. Wallace Coll. (Types 
sk. et st. of species.) 

e. Imm. sk. Xew Guinea ( Wallace). Gould Coll. 
f. 
Ad. sk. X.W. Xew Guinea {L. La- Tweeddale Coll. 
fflaise). 
q. 5 ad. sk. Andai, X.W. Xew Guinea, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Feb*


h. 
$ juv. sk. Xusuru, X.W. Xew Guinea, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Jan. 
i. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Port Moresby Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(A. Goldie). 
k. Ad. bk. Port Moresby. J. Broadbent, Esq. 
[C.]. 
I Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. {A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll._ 

m. Jad.sk. Mainland ofS.E. Xew Guinea. C.RunsteinjEsqJC.]. 
n, o. Ad. sk. S.E. Xew Guinea (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk. 
Gould Coll. 
21. PHAPS. 
Type. 
Phaps, Selby, Natural Hist., Pigeons, p. 194 (1835) . P. chalcoptera. 
Peristera, Sic. (nee Boie) Class. B. ii. p. 349 (1837) .. P. chalcoptera. 
Cosmopelia, Sundev. Tent. p. 100 (1872) P. elegans. 

Range. Australia and Tasmania. 

Keg to the Species. 

a. Throat white; breast vinous 
chalcoptera, p. 526. 
b. Throat chestnut; breast grey 
elegans, p. 527. 
52 0 
PfEIbTEElD-E. 

1. Phaps chalcoptera. 
Bronze-Dinged Pigeon, PJdll But. Lay, pi. p. 102 {17611j : Lath. 

Gen. Syn. SuppL ii. p. 200, no. 1 (1S02J. 

Golden-winged Pigeon, JT/tfte, Journ. pi. p. 140 (17001. 

Culumba cfialcoptera, Zaf/L Z/*Z O/v?. ii. p. 0U4, n. :J0 (1700) 

(Norfolk Island); Bona,_ Tall Enc Meth. p. if 44 <17U0}; #ta-, 

Mus. Lever, p. 227. pi. 00 (1702): Timm. cy E/u'p, Pit/, i. tain. ^ec. 

p. 17, pi. b (lbOo-11); Temm. Pit/, it frail I pp. i<j.\J, 44-< 1*13)J 
HV///. xV. Z>. xx% i. p. 343 (1 ^1 :> > ; bt+ph. (it-it. Zo*d. xi. j». 17 11 -191 * 
EebM. Bid. Sc. Xat si. p. 321 (1^20 «; JJ>////. tyt. .li\ Culuniu' 
-p. 07 {1*27): Z^x. Zr. ffOrn. p. 470 (1-31) ; V>. CW«/Z «7 ZV/f.l 
0/6. Mti. p. 79 (1537); ///. op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 290 fl-3-i: iW/^* 

P. Z & 1*70. p. 4-0. 
Phap* (kalcoptera. ticib. Xafwr/l Libr.. Phjt* a*, p. 190. pi. 21 fl-30j ; 
6s. i?. <r>\ Z*>* 6-7//. 2/. 2m i • d. p. 70 i 1-41 j: 7Z//77. ,S>/sf. j'irz] 

p. 99 (1*44); 6'. It Gr. Gut. B. ii. ]. 477. n. j < 1-40"; Hchnh 
fybt. A v. ff. 1402-03 il-47); ZVyM, O//. B Mus, A. tf. Z. p. 20-, 
no. 144-') (1-401; Itehnb. Voy. Xrttholl. ?}\. 420 fl-OO ; 27/. ^ r# 
*S>/,s7. A7/f. p. xx% (1-02*; Z//. 6W//. Ae. ii. p. 00 1-04); /Z 
Compt. Rend. \h pp. 200, 221. n. 270 d-00 ; hi. {<lf/p tl'oil 
Ordre Piy. pp. 44. 00, 12. 270 11-00 ; G B. Gr. IM Z. 
Brit. Mm. Vohiwhu; p. 00 fl^OOt; Ztrt/tM J. /. O. 1-0-, p. 40; 
Homey. J.f.O. 1-00, p. 301; Ih'knb. Tun ui, i. p. 30, t. 201 
if. 1402-03 (1*02); ft. Z. Gr. Ibt\ W2 . p. i02 |N, rtolk hi 
Philips); Gould, Handh B. Amtr. ii. p. 122 1 i -•;," ; Bant*. Ilm, 
1*00, p. 333 (Port DHIILM»II?; JZ/^r, P. X *S. l-» <*, p. -J^I: ^jnt 
P. Z. ,y. IH'IO, p. 02fe: llutt Ibis, 1^7<», p. ;«*7 I AurXLad. iiiti-uduced): 
6r. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 240. n. *0427 1 1^70i; tiuh<ln\ 
Tent p. 09 fl-72); Z7/w/i, Z /. O. l-72? p. -7; >Sthhg. Mm. 
P-B. Columkt\ p. 104 (1873): hotwt. Mm. Sat. L**b. Culumbie, 
p. 22 (lb73j ; GarrorJ, P. Z. #. 1^7;i? pp. 40% m\K 1^74, pp. 200. 
206; Barm. P. Z. & 1^70, p. 110; JFJ,/-^A, P. Z S. 1-77. p. ;jli7; 
^75. Thes. Orn. iii. p. ^0 (1^77); Z7//ite. P/-. Z^/^. *W. .V. ,S. If. 
i. p. 1&3 (1^7*?), ii. p. 100. n. 024 ll-7-i : Mfrtrr*. Br. Bum. Sor. 
X. S. W. ii. p. 270 (1^7^,; StJtmMt, P. Z. K 1—0, p. :j!4 ; «Wr. 
Cat. B. Strukl Coll. p. 001 (1^2|; b'clat Li4 J7/f. AH. bill ed. 
]». 460 (18S3); Jte;/«. 2W&. i^, p. IK 11. 03O il —-t: Xorth, 
Xesth 4* ZV///6 Z. Amtr. p. 27o i^H0|; Z/i^/r. Cut. Coll. IL p. 40 
(I-J-0): Hein. Sf Ethnic. Xomm/l Mi^. Ilti'n. Orn. p. 2-0 | IbOOj; 
Hartert, Kat. Vogihamml p. Ifc9 (Ib&l). 
Pen&tera chalcoptera, 
Kir. Class. IL ii. p. o4U |ls*17| ; 6-*. Z^. 6'r. ZAf 
6-Vw. B. p. 0G (1*40): Gould, B. Au»tr. \. pi. 04 ipt. xiii., l-4;ij. 
Goura cLalcoptera, tichleg. Diermt. p. 200 {1-04). 

u4cZ«Z£ ??2a7«. Front white, more or less tinged with fulvous, a 
hand across the crown extending on the sides of the occiput dull 
purple ; occiput, hind neck, and upper part brown-grey ; the leathers 
of the back, ramp, and upper tail-coverts, and aLo the scapular?*, 
with lighter edges; lores Mack; a suhocular line extending over 
the ear-coverts white; cheeks, ear-coverts, and sides of the neck 
grey ; throat white ; breast vinous, changing info grey on the 
abdomen; sides brown-grey; under tail-coveifs grey, with light 
edges at the tips; wings brown-grey; the wing-coverts with a broad 
spot on the outer weh of a rich coppery-red or golden bronze-green; 

21. PHAPS, 
027 

the inner secondaries have green-metallic spots, with steel-blue 
reflection on the outer webs ; inner webs of the quills towards the 
base rufous cinnamon, like the axillaries and the under wing-
coverts ; two centre tail-feathers brown-grey, the remainder deep 
o;rey. crossed by a band of black near the tip, which is brown-grey: 
u iridesclark reddish brown; bill blackish grey; legs and feet carmine-
red " (GottM). Total length 13*5 inches, wing 7, tail o-b, bill 0*60, 
tarsus U'UQ. 

Female and govag. Duller than the male; forehead grey; no 
purple band on the crown or on the sides of the occiput; edges 
of the feathers of the upper parts broader and reddish grey; no 
vinous cjlour on the breast which is greyish, with edges of the 
feathers Lruwnish ; metallic spots on the wing metallic golden 
green. 

Hah. Australia and Tasmania. 

«. Ad. ^k. Australia. Baron Laagier's Coll. 

b. Imm. *k. Australia. Sir D. Cooper [P.". 
c. Ad. -k. Australia. Gould Coll. 
d. e. Ad. 4i. Australia (/. T. CUkerell). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
/ . Pull. bk. Australia. Zoological Society's 
Coll. 
g, Q ad. 4x. Port E^mjaton. J B. Jukes, E-q. [PA 

h. 1mm. ^k. Cape Up^tait. J. B. Jukes, Esq. "P.". 
i, k. Ad. 4i. Quppii^land. Tweeddcde Coll." 
I Ad. 4i. Svdnpy. Tweeddale Coll. 
m, a. Ad. sk. Murray RM S. Australia. Sir a. Grey [PA 
o. Ad. sk. S. Australia. Sir G. Grey [P.]. 
p. 2 &d. ,sk. Port Lincoln, Dec. Hume Coll. 
q. c? ad. fek. Kin»r GeorpreV Bound. Feb. Hume Coll. 
/*. c? ad. **k. Perth, W. Australia, May. Gould Coll. 
a, t, u. $ ad. et Tasmania. C.G. H.Lloyd, Esq. 
imm. *k. 
B, w. Ad. sk. Tasmania, Sept. J. B. jukes, Esq. [PA 

x. Skeleton. Purchased. 
2. Phaps elegans. 
Columba elegans, Temm. § Knjp, Fig. i. fara. sec. p. 56, pi. 22 (180811) 
; Temm, Fig. et Gall i. pp. 240, 400 (1813); Vieill N. B. 
xr*i. p. 830 (1818); Steph. Gen. Zool xL p. 43 (1819); Vieill 
Fac. Meth. i. p. 379 (1823): Lesrn. Diet S. Nat. xl. p. 330 (1826); 
Wagl Syst. AD. Columba, sp. 58 (1827); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 470 
(1831); id. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 79 (1837); id. op. cit. 
2nd ed. p. 297 (1888). 

Columba lawsonii, tiieber, Isk, 1825, Bey I no. 1, Yog. aus Neuholl. 
sp. n. 67 (debcr. nulla). 

Phaps elegans, Selhtf, Nat Libr., Pigeons, p. 194 (1835); G. F. Gr. 
Gen. B, ii. p. 4*77, n. 2 (1845); Fehnb. Syn. Av. ff. 1454-56 
(1847); id. Vog. NeuMl sp. 427 (1850); Bp. Comp. AD. ii. p. 90 
(1854); id. Compl Fend. xl. pp. 206, 221, n. 271 (1855): id. 
Coup d'osil Ordre Fig. pp. 44, 59, n. 271 (1855); G. F. Gr. List 

B. Brit. Mus. Columbas, p. 61 (1856) ; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 37, 
t. 201. ff. 1454-56 (1862); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 125 
(1863); G.F. Gr. Hand-l. ii. p. 245, m 9428 (1870); Sunder 
t/~° PERISTEEID^. 

(JS):

Sclat. List Tert. An. 8th ed. p.*46lVT^ &„ , £*' r -~,

 F ;"

p. 188(1891). -"<"'*"> -**>• Toyeframml. 
P PL K Xlii"

tT/lirp.f f ^ ^ " ^ 1*«.: XUL 
Goura elegans, ic/,^. i)e Bierent. p 200 , istjn 
Co.mopeliaeleg^ Keia.^IiUunc. X.^nd. JI^.IJ^ 0,v, p ^ 

Mult male. Porehearl li-ht oehreous ve W • r.,n^n „n^ „ . 
grey; a broad chestnut hand commence/behind thcTV^d ™*f 
at the occiput; bind neck and upper back ch^V ^ w ? 
scapular-, ramp, and upper tail-coverts olive-rev-a ],',I r ' 
the lores : upper cheek-, and upper ear-covert, whitii ; W r r w " 
and the underparts olive-grey, clnncrm? into . OT ;j . » r * , , ' 
vent and tibial leathers; a tiWuhr cheW '?* ^XV ™ " 
upper wmg-coverts ohve-grey, the smaller and the rmt.-r m, K , 

with chestnut; innermost median and -rreaf ,r , m. " " r " ? , ^ 
green on the outer webs, with the tips bm-.dlv I'r, . ",;'" ' f'" 
with coppery reflections, the innermost of thj sn aVr r, " 
blue; quills brown, with the ba<e of the irm,r v., ',s „f a \„l'Tn 
colour like the under wing-coverts; the inner prim .rf, s },",' •? T 

he outer webs towards the ba*e edged with the S X ,n £ 
tail-feathers olive-grey, the next two pair, bnn,n-che,tn iZTvT 

,,*" r f » S t° Go«M, similar to the male, but I Mnn«* 
that it differs m having the forehead whitish, with no ochrel" 
yellow tinge as .howri in some of the specimens ennmcr ted etw" 
Ai«itfw«W* resemble the supposed female buthiv/™V I I 

 StUUt 

colour on the nape, mantle, and u/.per Trin^oVS ,

 arC' SreyiSh brWD With of

rufe™= *«•' « ^ «* others 
J2a5. Southern Australia, from Swan 7*f™. rt„ ^ 
Breton Bay on the east, Tasmania, S xaJSTia^ST St2st0 


tftT£ £££; ?<^™-r 

«*. I*-. Iv<ieve<f Esq. 
e^Ad etpulLst. ^ Alalia G(J-{--boIL 

£ Skeleton. £• &*""*» &*£. UP.'. 
Purchased. 

22 , HISTRIOPHAPS. 

529 

22. HISTEIOPHAPS. 
Type. 
Hlstriophaps, SahacL MS. . H. Mstrionica. 
Range. Confined to Australia. 

1. Histriophaps Mstrionica. 
Columba (Peristera) histrionica, Gould, P. Z. ti. 1840, p. 114 (Interior 

of Australia). 

Peristera histrionica, Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. QG (pt. ii., 1841). 

Columba hi-tri mica, Pre v. $ Knip, Pig. ii. p. 83, pis. 45 (<?), 51 ( ?) 

(lb3b-43). 

Phap^ histrionica, G. P. Gr. List Gallium Brit. JIus. p. 17 (1844); id. 
G*>a. B. ii. p 477, n. 3 (1845); Rchnb. tiyn. Av. ff. 1459-60 (1847) ; 
id. Tog. Xeitholl. s-p. 428 (lb50) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 90 
(1854 s; id. Grntpt. Rend. xl. pp. 206, 221, n. 272 (1855); id. Coup 
dTt/il Ordre Pig. pp. 44, 59, n. 272 (1855); G. R. Gr. List B. 
Brit. Mm. ColumW, p. 01 (1S3G*; ? Elsey, P. Z. ti. 1857, p. 27 

(X.W. Au^tralii); Zurhold. J.f.O. Ib5b, p. 40; Rchnb. Tauben, 
i. p. :K t. 202. ft. 1459-00 (lbu2), ii. p. 166 (1802); Goidd, 
llandh. B. Austr. ii. p. 127 (1N55); Ram*. Ibis, I860, p. 333 (Port 
Deni«on); Mint P. Z. ti. lbU9, p. 028; G, R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 245, n. 042!» (1870); Sunder. Tent p. 99 (lb72); Fmsch,Xf. 0. 
1^72, p. 87; tickler/. Mu^. P.-B. Oolumke, p. 154 (1873) ; Gieb. 
The*. Or a. iii. p. 81) (1S7) (svn. emend.): Hams. Pr. Linn. tioc. 
X. ti. W. i. p. 183 (1*70), ii." p. 195, n. 520 (1878) ; Sclat. Lid 
Vert. An. 8th eii. p. 400 (18b3); Jfa»w. 7to&. £&£, p. 18, n, 538 
fl*=bb); Xorth, Pr. Linn. tioc. X. ti. W. (2) iii. p. 148 (1888); id. 
Xesh *V Eggs B. Austr. p. 274 (1^9); ,5>m. # Rchiw. Nomenel. 
3£its. Hi in. Orn. p. 2b0 (1890) ; Benn.Rtc. Austr. Mus. i.pp. 107, 
10N(1801). 
Goura histrionica, tiehleg. Be Dierent. p. 209 (1864). 

Adult male. Forehead, stripe from behind the eye forming a 
circle round the car-coverts, and gorget snow-white ; remainder of 
the head, throat, and ear-coverts jet-black; all the upper surface, 
wing-co^erts, flanks, and two centre tail-feathers cinnamon-brown; 
breast and abdomen bluish grey; under tail-coverts grey at the 
base, light buff at the tip; marginal upper wing-coverts and under 
wing-coverts bluish grey; edge of the wing white ; bastard-wing, 
primary-coverts, and primaries grey tipped with white; the latter 
with a pale brown tinge on the outer webs and cinnamon on the 
basal part of the inner webs; inner secondaries with a patch of 
metallic purple on the outer webs; the two last with a white subapical 
spot on the outer webs; lateral tail-feathers bluish grey at 
the base, passing info black towards the extremity, which is white: 
" nostrils and bill black; bare skin surrounding the eye purplish 
black ; irides dark brown ; frontal scales of the legs and feet lilac-
red ; hind parts flesh-red1? (Gould). Total length about 11 inches, 
wing 8, tail 3*75, bill 0*75, tarsus 1. 

Female. I\To white on the forehead, which is sandy rufous like the 
upper parts; ear-coverts and throat dull blackish; gorget and a 

VOL. XXL, 2 & 

530 PEEISTEBID-E. 

patch below the ear-coverts whitish buff; crop-region pale sandy 
brown ; tips of the primaries and lateral tail-feathers whitish buff/ 
ffah. Interior of Australia, and also Ports Darwin and Derby, 
X."W. Australia. 

a7 b. cJ $ a(l-s^» Australia. Gould Cull. 

c. 5 ? ad. sk. Australia. Zool. Soc. Coll. 
d, e, f. $ ad. sk. S. Australia. Capt. iSturt T.~. 
et&t. 

g.h. c? 2 ad. sk. Queensland. Tweeddale Coll. 
$ ad. sk. N.W. Australia, May. J. II. Efcev, £*q. "P.". 
A\ /. cf 2 ad. -k. X.W. Australia. Capt. Buw\ <-r Bower "P." 
//*. Skeleton. Zool. Sue. Cull. 

23. PETEOPHASSA. 
T% pp. 
Fetropha«sa, Gov!J. P. Z *V. 1^40, p. 17:3 P. aibipenni* 

Range. Confined to Australia. 

1. Petrophassa alMpeiuiis. 
Petropha>sa albipenhi*, O'otdd P. Z. *V. lKKtp. 17o iX.W. Australia,; 
id. JL Au^fr. v. pi. 71 (pt. x.f ls4*lf; O. JL Or. (ti*a IL ii. p. 47r> 
(1&43): !&•/*/*&. ,S>//2. AV. it 1447-4*- f 1^*171: <V. Vwf. Xevholl. 
sp. 433 (lboD;; id. A»\ Sy>f. Xai. p. x\\ |l^"i'»; I//, f W^>. ^lr. 

ii. p. <k7 (lb*">4); id. Compt. Iltnd. \1. pp. SMI*J"Jh n. L>."> ( K>j); 
«/. Ow/} f/W/ Ordrf Pitj. pp. 4-lT oo% n. l'0s I 1H*VJ I ; fr. I/, #7r. 
XM/ B. Brit Mm. C\>lumba\ p. *> (1-3*1: itf**//, P. Z. 6*. IS37, 
p. ^7 (Victoria Itiver D^pot, N.W. Australia!: IttlutL Tnuh»ti, i. 
p. 44. t. 200. ff. 1447-4* (lfcftf), ii. p. IWi! 1^>2) : Omtld, Ilantlh. 
B. Austr. ii. p. 141 (!*<£): G. Ii. Or. Haad-lU. ii. p. L'44, n.9414 
(1670); Bant*. Pr. Linn. 8oe. X. *V. W. ii. p. 19tf, n. o->i (lb7b); 
zV/. 2fr&. £*>f, p. IS, n. -54**3 f l^bi . 
r Petrophassa n. pp., Zuehold, J.f.O. 1^*JN p. 40 (Jloreton Bay). 
Phap< albipennis, (Jitb. The*. Ora. iii. p. b^ {1*77}. 

^7?/fr j/?tfZ^. Crown of the head and neck greyish brown, each 
feather margined with sandy brown; all the tipper surface and 
chest rufous brown, the centre of each feather inclining: to grey ; 
lores black; throat black, with the feathers tipped with white; 
abdomen and tinder tail-coverts chocolate-brown; some of the inner 
upper wing-coverts and one of the inner secondaries have on the 
outer web a metallic coppery-violet spot, almost concealed, which 
has escaped Goulds notice ; quills dark brown, the primaries have 
the basal half pure white; tail rufouh brown on the upper surface, 
chocolate-brown underneath: bill and irides dark brown ; feet 
reddish brown. Total length about 10*5 inches, wing 0*2, tail 4*5, 
bill 0*6, tarsus 0-8. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Hob. N.V. Australia. 

a, h. Ad. sk. N."W. Australia. Sir G. Grey "P/\ 
c, d. J ad. et juv. sk. IsXX. Australia, Feb., J. It. Elaey, li^q. T.~. 
Mav. 

24 . GEOPHAPS. 
531 
24. 
GE0PHAP3. _ 
-Type. 
GeophapN Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 19; id. B. Austr. v. 
pi». (37-69 (pt. viL, 1542) G. scripta. 
i? * i<«/e. Confined to Australia. 

Key to the Specks. 

a. Larger, wing 0 Inches: breast grey; upper wingcuverta 
tipped with pale brown . scripta, p. 501. 
6. Snriller, wintr o*»3 indies; breas* pale brown, with 
only a small gre\ patch in the middle: upper wing-
covert:! uniform biown sniitM, p. .532. 
1. Greophaps scripta. 
Colnmba scripta, Temm. Tr. Linn. Hoe. xiii. p. 127 (1821) j id. PL 
(hi. Ib7 (Ihr. 32, 1^23): Steph. Gen. ZooL xiv. p. 284 (1820) ; 
JMsm. Diet tic. Xat. s i p. 333 {lb20); Less. CompL de Buf, 
Ois. \iii. p. 7h < 1^37); id. op. tit 2nd ed. p. 290 (lb08); Pr^\ fy 
Knip. Pig. \\. p. m. pi. 33 (1838-43). 

Oulumba in.-eripta, Wmjl.tiijht.Av. Oolumba. sp. 59 (1827). 
lVri-fo-ra scripta, tiir. i'lais. B. ii. p. 349 (1837). 
Geophap-s scripta, Gould, B. Amtr. v. pi. 67 (pt. vii., 1842) ; G. P. Gr. 


Gen, B. ii. p. 47b, n. 2 (1845); Rehab. Syn. Av. ff. 1463-04 (1847); 
id. Tog. Xndwll. &>p. 429 (lttoO); id. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv, t. xxiii. 
(1852); Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 87 (1854); id. Co?npt. Bend. xl. 
pp. 206, 221, n. 259 (1855); id. Covp dJceil Ordre Pi(/. pp. 45, 50, 

n. 259 (lb55); Zuchold, J.f. 0.1858, p. 40 (from Moreton Bay to 
Comet Paver); Rehnb. Tauben, i. p. 41, t. 262. ff. 1463-64 (1862); 
Gould, HJandb. B. Austr. ii. p. 130 (1865); Rams. Ibis, 1806, p. 333 
(Port Denison); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 246, n. 9434 (lb70) ; 
tiundev. Tent. p. 100 (1872); Soma, Mas. Xac. Lisb. Columbse, 
p. 22 (1873); Hams. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 116 (X.E. Queensland); id. 
Pr. Linn. Soc. X. S. W. i. p. 183 (1876), ii. p. 195, n. 527 (1878); 
Salv. Cat. B. Strield. Coll. p. 552 (1882); Rams. Tab. List, p. 18, 
n. 539 (1888); Tridr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 40 (1889); Benn. Bee. Austr. 
Mas. i. pp. 107, 108 (lb91); Sclat. P. Z. S. Ib92, pp. 76, 77. 
(ioura scripta, Schley. JDe JJierent. p. 209 (1804). 
Phaps scripta, tiehleq. JMus. P.-B. Coluinbse, p. 155 (1873) (type!); 

Gieh. Thes. Orn. lii. p. 91 (1877). 

Adult male. Head, all the upper surface, and chest light brown, 
the tips of the upper wing-coverts much paler; throat and cheeks 
white; lores black, a band from over the eyes to the sides of the 
occiput and another under the eyes black, like a third band which 
starts from the middle of the cheeks and passing under the white ear-
coverts joins another black band which surrounds the throat underneath 
; over the black lores a whitish band; forehead slightly 
tinged with grey; lower breast grey; sides of the breast white; 
abdomen, vent, and flanks of a fawn-colour; under tail-coverts 
dark grey, edged with fawn-colour; outer webs of inner greater 

2M2 

532 
PEBISTERID-E. 

wing-coverts with, a speculum of metallic greenish purple, barred 
with a darker tint: quills brown, edged with pale rufous on the 
outer webs; quills underneath grey: under winrr-eoverts mostly 
white, those along the edge of the wing brown ; tail reddish brown. 
the lateral feathers with a broad apical black band : --bill black ; 
irides black : naked skin surrounding the eyes bluish lead-colour; 
the corner immediately before and behind the eye nearly vinous 
red; feet and frontal scales dark purplish vinous red"' \ 6W7>/). 
Total length about 12 ineht*, wing 0, tail 4*.l bill H .17. tar*u» 
1-05. 

Ftmah* Similar to the male, only smaller. 

Hah. ZHorth-western and Eastern Australia, from iLorkinghani 
Bay through the interior to Yictoiia. 

a, h. Ad. sk. et Australia, April. Sir T. Mitchell "P.". 
pull. ^t. 
e. Ad. -k. Au-tralia. O. uM I'nll 
cl e. Ad. <i. Australia (J. T. fV^//» . Salvin-f ™ \mtm V ,11. 

/, <f. s ad. et ad. *k. N.W. Australia, S^pt., X j\ . J. R. LU y, Iwp P.". 
7/. 'Ad. ^t. Int. of Australia. <T ^11 Cml 

i 
Ad.sk. QwHii-dand. Tv»* nldid^ r II. 

l\ 
Ad. *k. Mioalwat*-r IU\. Li n. >> e <H.I. 

iTviit* i f -pH-i^,) 
/. Ad. -k. Z i.Voe. r 11. 

2. Geophaps smithi. 
Columba Miiitld, J?//Y/. ,y Mb. III. Orn. ii. pi. civ. I l^i I-1. 

Geuphaps pmithi, GovW, B. Au*tr. v. pi. t*H f|»t. \ii., IMiij; 6\ It\ 
G'r. (im. Jl ii. p. 47\ n. 1 il^i~i\; lit hah. S*jn. A*, if. 14»H-14m 
(1S*4); vh JVtg. Xeuktll. -p. 4-')0 il^lf ;" />>. fW/>. J >, ii. 

p. 87 (18o4?; if I Ompt. limd. xl. pp. LW, ±fl, n. -W < 1S-K>J ; iV/. 
Coup rfnil Ordre Pi)/, pp. 4o, •>'•*. n. :2»'G tlH">>, ; /7. It. Or. LUt 
B. Brif. Jftfs. Columba*. p. t*r2 tl *•>*>}; Ihhnh. Tmifo a, i. p. 42. 
t. "2i"2. ff. 14<*W>0 (l^jf>|, ii. p. Ifiil fH'ds; <VW//, Ilfttulh. B. 
Av*tr. ii. p. 133 (IM).jj; O. II. Or. Ilaml~&f, ii. p. :>#>, n. 04:J-i 
(1&70); Ittnm. Br. Linn, Sue. X *V. IF. i. p. l^J »lH7tjft ii. p. 103 
n. 5:te f W^) ; Mcmtt*r% IV. Z/H/J. *SV. X & JJ*. ii. p. 1*73 I i^7>) 
(Port Darwin); Ram*. Tab. ZJV, p. 3% i». 54^ fl**^ ; tihaq)et 
Rev. Clax*. B. p.W (m t**) f 1M*1 *._ 
Phaps 
smithi. &'hlwj. Mv*. 1K-B. Columba.', p. lo75 tl*7o|; G'IWJ. 
T/^-x Ora. iii. p. iil |1H77|. 

JfZw/i' wtfk. Head and all the upper parts brown, with an olive 
tinge; throat white, surrounded with a narrow jrrey band ; a white 
line from the nostrils over the eye**, and a similar one from tin* hu<e 
of the lover mandible und<T the largi* naked space of a bright reddish-
orange colour surrounding tht* eyes; cheeks brownish grey; 
oliest brown: on the centre of the* breast a pitch of clear p*ey 
feathers, edged at the tip with black ; the feathers of the lower 
breast grey, broad, with a narrow, subapical, dark band, and with a 
whitish edge; side> of the hn a*>t white; middle of the abdomen 
and vent of a fawn-colour ; flanks and under tail-co^eiU dark grey, 

2D, LQPHOPHAPS. 

533 

edged with fawn or pale reddish colour ; outer webs of the inner 
greater wing-coverts and of the tertials rich purple, with green wavy 
reflections ; quillb brown, with narrow buff edges on the outer webs; 
quills underneath grey ; under wing-corerts white, except those 
along the edge of the wing, which are brown; centre tail-feathers 
brown, remainder brown, with a broad subapical black band and 
brown tips: *w hides of three colours, first a narrow ring of red, 
next the purple, then a broader ring of pure white, and lastly a 
narrow one o± grey; bill ^thick and strong] blackish grey,* legs and 
feet bluish grey; back of the tar&i and inner sides of the feet 
yellowish grey *' (Go?dJ). Total length about 11 inches, wing 5*3, 
tail 3-75, bill (J-5b, tarsus 1*12. 

Female. Similar to the male, only smaller. 

Hub. X.VT. Australia, from Derby to the Gulf of Carpentaria. 

a, k Ad. sk. etat.
c. Ad. sk.
<h ejf6 
2ad. sk* 
Port Esainjrton. 
Port E^ington. 
Depot, Victoria R., X.TV 
Australia, Feb., April, 
Zs'ov. 
Oapt. TV. Chambers 
LP.], 
Dr. Sibbald [P.]. 
J. R. Eisey, Esq. [P.], 
//, h. Ad. bk. Australia (J. T. Codkerell). Salvixi-Godman Coll. 

25. 
L0PHOPHAPS. 
Type. 
Lophophaps, liefuib. Av. Syd. Nat. p. xxv (1852) ... . L. plumifera. 
Range* Confined to Australia. 

Key to the Species * 

a. Abdomen like the breast, cinnamon. 
ar. General cinnamon plumage paler x plumifera, p. 533. 
b\ General cinnamon plumage deeper ftrruginea, p. 534. 
b. Abdomen and a band before the grey pectoral band 
\\ kite leucogaster^ p. 535. 
1. Lophophaps plumifera. 
Geophaps 
plumifera, Gotdd, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 19 (N.W. coast of 
Australia); id. B. Amtr. v. pi. 09. (pt. viL, 1842); G. It. Gr. Gen. 

B. ii. p. 478, n. 3 (1845); Rchnb. Syn. Av. if. 1461-62 (1847); id. 
Vag. Keuholl. &p. 431 (1850); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 87 (1854); id. 
Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 206, 221, n. 261 (1855); id. Coup dctil Ordre 
Pig. pp. 44, 59, n. 261 (1855); Elsey, F. Z. S. 1857, p. 27 (Point 
Pearce) ; ZucMd, J. f. 0. 1858, p. 40 (Lynd River) j Rchnb. 
Tauben, I p. 43, t. 202. if. 1461-62 (1862), ii. p. 166 (1862). 
Columba plumifera, PrSv. $ Xnip, Pig. ii. p. 109, pi. 58 (1838-43). 

* Whether the three species mentioned are really different is still uncertain; 
Gould himself seemed rather doubtful on this point. 
oU PEEISTEEIDJC. 

Lophophaps plumifera, Belmb. Ac. Syst. Xat. p. xxv (1852) ; GW<£, 
J2«7?r&. j?. ^ws*/\ ii. p. 135 (1S65) ; G. B. Gr. Hand-list ii. p. 246, 

n. 9436 (1870): JRams. Pr.Zi/m. Sac. X. S. W. I. p. 153 (1S76), ii. 
p. 195, n. 529 (157S); Bams. Tab. ZL*f. p. IS. n. 542 (ISS^. 
Goura plumifera. Schleg. Be Diennt. p. 2UU (1^641. 
Phaps plumifera, Schley. 31vs. P.-B* Columbse, p. 155 (part.) (1578); 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 90 < 1S77). 

Adult male, General plumage pale cinnamon : forehead, and a 
line on the sides of the crown, grey; bare lort^ and naked bkin 
round the eye bounded above and below with a narrow line of black; 
centre of the crown and lengthened crest-plume-, cinnamon, the 
latter paling into whitish burl toward- the tips : throat and cheeks 
white; chin, a mesial gtilar stripe, and gunret black : upper part of 
the ear-coverts silvery white, lower pait silvery grey ; on the cheat 
a crescentic band of grey, margined below w ith a narrower one of 
black; back of the neck and mantle with obsolete brown ban**; 
upper wing-coverts and scapulars beiutifnlly ray<jd with cinnamon 
at the tip of the feathers, with brown in the middle part, and with 
grey at the base; primaries cinnamon, with the tip tuid outer web 
of the first primary brown; secondaries brriwn, edued with rufous, 
and with the ba^e of the inner webs einn tmon ; an oblong bronzy-
purple spot on the outer web-of three ot tht* inn**r -et undarie.s; 
under wing-coverts cinnamon ; under tuil-povt rts brown-grey, with 
the outer web* whiti-h; central tuil-iV.itht r- earthy brown, the 
lateral feathers with the ban* browii-einnainnn on the outer web**, 
inclining to grey on the inner ones, and with the apical portion 
black : ih bill olive-black ; irides yt-Uow ; n ikul skin round the eye 
either crimson or orange-red" (Gould). Total length b inches, 
wins: 4-2, tail 2H)? Mil IH15, tarsus tys. 

Hah XW . Australia. 

a-d. $ $ ad. sk. X.W. Australia. Cajt. Biwyer Bower "P.], 

2, Lophophaps feringinea. 

Lophophap* ferrnginea, Gould, Handh. B. Amfr. ii. p. K17 {1*05) 

(\V. Australia) fde-er. nulla t: id. B. Atf^tr. Sujtpf. pi. V/J. Ipt. iv., 

IftUT); G. It. Gr. lla/id-titf, ii. p. 241 s n. U&JT (i *70); Bam*. Pr. 

Linn. Sac. X. 8. W. L p. iKi (Wr»;. ii. p. 1**5, n, 5;J0 il^7sj; 

Bams. Tab. List, p. 1% n. 542 I l**Hj. 

Phaps plumifera, part., 8vhl*-y. 31m. P.-B. CVhnhLie, p. 155 (W-'J). 

Phaps ferrugiuea, Gieb. 'Ihm. Orn. iii. p. &J (!-<""). 

Similar to L. jjilumiftra^ but the general cinnamon colour of a 
deeper hue. 
Hah Vebtern Australia, 

rt.Ad.sk. Gascoine Rner, W, Australia Gould Coll. 

{T. F. Gregory f. fT\ p»* t >f *peci«>.) 
b. Ad. sk. Champion Bjy.*\V. Australia. A. II. Lht Bouhy Ll\]. 
26. 0CYPHAP3. 
535 
3. Lopliopliaps leucogaster. 
Lophophaps Ieucosaster, Gould, B. Austr., Suppl pi. 69 (pt. iv., 1862) 
(S. Australia) ;^G. JR. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 246, n. 9438 (lb70); 
Bam*. Pt. Linn. Sue. N. 8. W. i. p. 196 (1875), ii. p. 195, n. 5-31 
<187S); id. Tab. List, p. 18, n. 543 {1888). 
Phaps leueogaster, Gleb. Thes. Orn, iii. p. 90 (1877). 

Similar to L. plvmiftra and L. ferruginea, but of a much, paler 
and duller cinnamon colour, and with, a distinct whitish hand in 
front of the pectoral grey one; besides the central part of the 
lower breast is whitish, and the abdomen and rent buff. 

Hob. S. Australia and X.AY, Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. Tiet jria Itiver, X.W. Australia. J. It. Elsej [C.J. 
26. 0CYPHA.PS. 
Type, 
Oevphaps, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 20 0. lophotes. 

Range. Confined to Australia. 

1. Ocyphaps lophotes. 
Coiuniba lopto»t<»«, Temm. PL Col 142 (livr. 24, 1828); 8feph, Gen, 
ZmL sir. p. 2H!) (1^20); Deem. Diet 8c. Kat xl p. 352 (1826); 

U'agl 8gU. Ai\ Oolumba, sp. 103 (1827); Less. Tr. &Orn. p. 474 
(18.31); id. CompL de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 45 (18*37); id. op. tit. 2nd 
ed. p. 2^1 {lb3b); Temm. TabL Metk PL Col. p. 81 (1839); 
Knip 4* Brio. Big. ii. p. 25, pi. 13 (1838-43).^ 

Crested Pipreon. of the Marshes, Sturfs Exp. int. 8. Austr. i. pi. on 

p. 79 (lfc34j. 
Turtur V lophotes, Selb. Nat Libr., Pigeons, p. 174, pi. 18 (1835); 
ScMeg. Be Dierent. p. 207 (1864). 
Oevphaps lophotes, 
Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p, 20 j id. B. Austr. v. 
pL 70. (pt. xiii, 1843); G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 476 (1845); 
Behnb. 8yn. AD. if. 1449-51 (1847); id. Vdg. Neuholl. sp. 432 
(1850); id.Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 93 
(1854); id. Compi. Bend, xl. pp. 221, n. 279 (1855); id. Coup 
d'oeil Ordre Pig. p. 59, n. 279 (1855); G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. 
Mus. Columbae, p. 58 (1856); Bolle,J.f. 0.1856, p. 167; Homey. 

J.f.O. 1859, p. 301; Mat. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 206; Crisp, P. Z. S. 
1860, p. 258; Bclmb. Tauben, i. p. 34, t. 261. if. 1449-51 (1862), 
ii. p. 165 (1862); Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 139 (1865); 
Pelz. Novar. Beis., Vdg. p. 110 (1865); Sclat. P. Z. S.1869, p. 628; 
G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 244, n. 9413 (1870); Sundev. Tent. 
p. 100 (1872); Sousa, Mus. Nae. Lisb. Columbae, p. 23 (1873); 
Garrod, P. Z. S.1873, pp. 468, 639,1874, pp. 250, 256; Bams. Pr. 
Linn. 8oe. N 8. W. ii. p. 195, n. 532 (1878); Sclat. List Vert. An. 
8th ed. p. 459 (1883); Bams. Tab. List, p. 18, n. 544 (1888); 
North, Nests and Eggs B. Austr. p. 277 (1889) ; Tristr. Cat. Coll. 
B. p. 40 (1889); Hein. fy Bchnw. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. 
p. 2SQ (1890); Hartert, Eat Vogelsamml p. 188 (1891) ; Evans, 
Ibis, 1891, p. 75. 
536 PEBISTEBIDJE. 

Phaps lophotes, Schhg. 3Ius. P.-B. Culumbse, p. I06 (1573); Gieb. 
Thes. Or/z. hi. p. 90 (1S77) * 

Adult male. Head, face, throat, breast, and abdomen grey; 
lengthened occipital plumes black, with the base gre} ; nape brown-
grey ; back and rump olive-grey ; upper tail-coverts greyish brown 
tipped with white ; sides of neck and breast pinky salmon-colour ; 
small and median upper wing-coverts buify grey, except the outer ones, 
which are pure grey, eich feather crowed near the tip with a narrow 
black band, giving this part of the jjlumage a barred appearance; 
greater wing-coverts shining bronzy green, margined with white ; 
bastard-wing and primary-coverts grey, edged with white ; 
primaries greyish black; secondaries broadly xnireined with white, 
the inner ones metallic purple on their outer webs; under wing-
coverts pale grey; flanks washed with brown; under tail-coverts 
dark grey; two centre tail-feathers brown, the remainder blackish 
brown, glossed with purple, blue, and green on their outer webs, 
and tipped with white; tail underneath brawn-black, tipped with 
white •* "irides huffy orange ; orbit* naked, wrinkled, and of a pink-
red ; bill olive-black; legs and feet pink-red*' {ftu*tl<l\. Total 
length about 1*2%) inches wins? frS, tail 0, bill U%3*>, tir^u* (Hh 

Female. Similar to the male, only somewhat bmaller. 
Young. Similar to the adult bird. 
Hah. Interior of X. and E. Australia, from Port Darwin and Port 

Essington to S. Australia. 

a. Ad. sk. Australia. Australian M»w um "P.n . 
b, c} d. Ad. st.
et pull. sk. 
e3f Pull. sk.
p, h. Ad. sk. 
Australia. 
Bred in confinement. 
Australia. 
Sir T. Mitchell ~P.;. " 
Zoological Society's Cull, 
Gould Coll. 

X k, L Ad. &. Australia (J. T. Cockerell). Salvin-(-Salman Coll. 

m9 n, o. Ad. sk. N.TV. Australia. Gregory's E\p**«Ution XV. 
p7 q. d 5 ad. sk. X.W. Australia. Capt. Buw\ er Bower "P.]. 

r, 8, t. <$ 2 Murray R.7 S. Australia. Sir Or. Grej ~J?.\ 

ad. sk. 

u. Skeleton. Purchased. 
* Giebel, copj ing a mistake made m the Index of the P. Z. S. of London, 
1830-47, p. 155, mentions a Pimps (Oiyphap*) micrurm (L c.),in&tead of Ptdwno/
nun micrurm, Gould, P. Z. S. Ib42, p. 201 
27. HAPIOPELIA. 
537 

Subfamily YL GEOTBYGOlNlN^E. 

Kty to the Genera, 

a. Primaries very broad and not tapering to 
a point 27. HAPLOPELIA, p. 537. 
b. Primaries rather narrow, and more or less 
tapering to a point. 
a\ First primary attenuated at the tip. 
a". Tail more than half the length of the 
wing 28. LEPTOPTILA, p. 543. 
b". Tail shorter than half the length of 
wing , 29. OSCTTLATIAJ p. 563. 
b\ First primary not attenuated at the tip, 
except in FMogmuis (?) hoedtL 
c". Tarsus covered anteriorly with transverse 
scales or scutellse. 
«'". Tail-feathers let* than 20. 
a\ Tail rather short, less than the 
distance from the bend of the 
wing to the tip of the secondaries 


«\ Tail of 12 feathers. 30. GEOTEYGOX, p. 504. 

bT> 

, Tail of 14 feathers 31. PHLOGCENAS, p. 583. 

bK Tail rather long, more than the 
distance from the bend of the 
wing to the tip of the secondaries. 


c\ Tarsus very little longer than 
the middle toe 32. LEtcosAECiA, p. 607. 

d5* Tarsus double the length of 
the middle toe without the 
nail 33, EUTBYGON, p. 609. 

&'". Tail-feathers 20 34. OTXDIPHAPS, p. 610. 

dt! 

. Tarsus covered anteriorly with small 
hexagonal scales or scutellse; a black 
gular patch bordered below with 
white. 35. STAHNOENAS, p. 612. 

27. HAPIOPELIA. 
Aplopelia, Bp* Consp. Av. ii. p. QQ (1854)
Ilaplopeleia, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 76 (1862) (= Aplopelia, 
Bp.). 
Sericopelia, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 77 (1862) 
H. larvata. 
H. larvata. 

Haplopelia, Sundev. Meth. nat Av. dtsp. Tent p. 100 
(1872). 

Mange. Ethiopian Begioru 

538 
BERISTERID-2. 

Key to the Sleeks. 

a. 
Abdomen and under tail-coverts rufous cinnamon. 
a'. Occiput, hind neck, crop-region and upper 
breast metallic coppery red : forehead wnite. 
a". Back and wings brown-olive. 
a"'. Larger; wing 6 inches: abdomen and 
under tail-coverts paler cinnamon inrcatu, p, o-K 
b'". Smaller; whig 3*1 inches : abdomen aiid 
under tail-eo\ ert-s darker cinnamon ... . brokziua, p. 540. 
b'\ Back and wings dark brown, v, itfa a purj le 
gloss j'jhnstoni, p. 541. 
b'. Occiput and nape with uiily a green coppery 
gloss . . immafa, p. 541. 

k 
Abdomen and under tail-coverts whitish........ \Pr^pnlih p. 542. 
{simplex, p. .J42. 

1. HaplopeHa larvata. 
Tourterelle a masque blane, LerailK Oi\ fPAfr. \l p. MJ, pi. iC'.i 
(l*lh). 

Columba larvata, Temm. £f Knip, liy. i. fan. -H.\ p. 71, pi. til 
(IbO-vdlf; Trm.n. Fig. ei GalVn. i. j p. L'OO, 471 <f-l:;*: VinlL 
S.I), xxvi. p. ^2 (MN; Mrph. Gui.Z*uL xl p. 01 fl-l(»|; 

VioilL EHL\ Mtth. i. p. *>7 (1**2."W; 2>v/<. />*>/. 
»V. A"«|. xl 

p. oo5 (lt>20j : WayL SijhL Ac. Columba, -p. 07(I**27t; Zn i 
TV. $Om. p. 471 |K*ilj; /</. Cm^l. //e 1>\C7 "7*. vlii. p. 45 
(lb37| ; id. up. eit. 2i.d td, p. 2^1 |1*J>J; Xir A/. i/* 1'hr^f, Drurr. 
An. p. 52 fiiotej flfe44j; Sundec. E. Si\ Vii.-Ak. Ilntidl. 1^57, 
p. .34. 
Peri&teia 
larvata, *St//>. JW. Zi/»r., Pip ha % p. 211, jl. 20 |1^']5| 
(svn. emend.); 6'. 1/. 6?r. <V*/i. B. ii. p. 470, n. 0 11^454; 
J&Anft. %«. Jtr. f. 14:i4|1^47i; Bhifh, Vat. JJ. Mp>. A. & II. 

p. 237, n. 143U (1&40); 6'. J2. Gr. L*t B. Brit. JiW. Coiuiiib;e, 
p. 36 (lb50j; Bayard, Birds S. Ap\ p. 2«:> f 1 -07/; (him. Ibi#, W;% 
p. 47 (Natal); *$w/7/. i&>, 1N75, p. £4 I Dm ban f ; lVw/ttw. 2o(/oy. 
1673, p. 4017 (Xaialj; Barratt, Ibis, It:70, p. 2u*2 {Maeoniaey: 
Ayres, t. e. p. 4*i-*J fLydeiiburg). 
Columba sylveatxis, I*br#, fwe Vittll.) Dear, An. p. 52 flH44f 

(Cape). 
Peristera svlvestris, O. P. Gr. Gen. B. Index, p. 112 «1*41)}. 
Leptoptila" larvata, Itehnb. Av. tit/*t. Sat. p. xxv |1^52j; Schley. 

Mm. P.-B. Columbaj, p. 101 <lfc73). 

Aplopelia larvata, Bp. Cunap. Av. ii. p. 00 (L<J4); id. Compt. Item!. 
xh pp. Jhj 219, n. 104 flb55j ; id. Coup d"uil Ordre I*HJ. pp. ;J2, 
57, n. 194 (lfc55); G. Ii. Gr. lland-lkt,ii. p. '14zif n. i*402 {lb70j; 
$m$a, Mm. Sue, Lisb. Columhiu, p. 17 fl»^7;il; IMvb ty Pet. 
Beitr. 0m. Siidafr. p. 170 (lfcb2j; XIartert, Eat. Vwjtlmmml. 

p. 187 (part.)(lbiU). 
Haplopeleia larvata, Itehnh. Taubm, i. p. 70, t 258. £ 14:14 (16621. 
Ilaplopeleia erythrojiastra, Itehnb. Taitben, L p. 77 ljb02jt ii. p. 170, 
Sovit Suppl. 1 ii£ f. *28 (IhVd). 
Turtur larvatus, Gieb. Thm. Orn. iii. p. 727 (1B77). 
Sericophila (eirore) erythrogabtra, Gieb. I e. in $y?i. T. 3an*ati. 
Haplopelia larvata, Salv. Cat. B. Shield. Coll. p. 5411 (lb^2; ; Shell 

27. HAPIOPELIA. 
Ibis, 1853. p. 203: Sharpe, Lmjard's B. S. Afr. p. 564 (1884); 

Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 40 (1689) * 

Adult male. Jront half of the head and upper throat white; 
cheeks and ear-coverts white, faintly tinted with vinous aslry; 
hind part of the head and neck coppery purple, now and then 
with green reflections, stronger on the lower part of the hind 
neck; interscapular region slate-colour, the edges of the feathers 
coppery, with green reflections; remainder of the upper parts 
brown-olive : fore neck and breast dull vinous, changing into 
dusky brown on the sides of the body and into rufous cinnamon on 
the abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts ; the neck has purple-
metallic shades; quills and under wing-coverts greyish brown; 
two central tail-feathers olive-brown, the next pair olive-brown 
with a grey shade near the tip; remainder blackish brown, with a 
broad apical dark grey band; " iris deep lilac; bill black; bare 

* AI-o the following synonyms and references probably belong to the present 
species :-— 
Columba rrrthrolhorav, TeuutK <j* Knip, Pig. i. fam. trois p. 15, pi. vii. 
(ISO^-i I )* (Surinam?;; Tuam. Pig. et <W//w. i. pp. 405, 404 (1813); 
Vieill. X I), xxvi. p. 3<J5 (IMS); id. Ene. Mahl p. 383 (1823); Uesm. 
Met. S'e. Xaf. xl. p. 306 f1826); )Vagl Sj/.st. Av. Columba, sp. OS (1827); 
LrsA. Gimpl de IhiiT., (fis. viii. p. 7 (l«si-57); id. op. cit. 2nd eel. p. 270 
(lK^i; Bum. *S>/. 11 h. Th. Bras., Vug. ii. p. 306 (1850). 

Goiirii erythrothorax, Hhph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 127 (1819). 

Peristera erythrothorax, G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. Index, p. 77 (1849); Behnb. 
Hipi, Ac. Columbaria1, JSorii, t. 257 b. f. 3385 {ex Temm. 4' Knip) 
(1851). 

Leptoptila ervthrothorax, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 74 (1854); id.Compt. Rend. 

xl. pp. 90/220, n. 217 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 36, 58, 
n. 217 (1855); Bcfaib. Taubem, i. p. 26, t. 2575. f. 3385 (1862); Pels. 
Orn. Bras. pp. 279 (note), 451 (1870); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 243, 
n. 0384 (part.) (1870); Berl J.f.O. 1874, p. 247 (part.). 
Peristera erythrothorax, part., Gieb. Tkes. Orn. in. p. 66(1877). 
? Leptoptila rufaxilla, Harfert {nee mict.), Kat. Vogelsamml. p. 187, 
n. 2824(1891). 
? Peristera angustipennis, Bp. JMus. Frankfort, ex Java ! fide Hartert, I. c. 
notel, 

Columba erythrothorax, Temm., said to be from Surinam, cannot be identified 

•with any of the known species of the genus Leptoptila ; it has the forehead, face, 
and throat white; the breast rufous vinous, changing into cinnamon on the 
abdomen and under tail-coverts; the lateral tail-feathers broadly tipped with 
white ; on each side of the breast there is a dark (metallic ?) patch. 
It cannot be Leptoptila reiehenbachi, on account of the broadly white-tipped 
lateral tail-feathers and of the chestnut under tail-coverts; in both characters, 
as well as in the want of grey on the crown and in the white face, it resembles 
Haphpelia larvata and H. joknstoni, and to one of these I think that it must be 
assigned; Gray (Gen. B. ii. p. 476) had already suspected the identity of 

C. erythrothorax, Temm., with Haphpelia larvata. 
1 Bonaparte (Compt. Rend. xl. p. 99; Coup d'ceil Orclre Pig. p. 36) had 

already mentioned the bird in the Museum of Frankfort as from Java(!j, but 

he identified it with L. erythrothorax, and not with L. ntfaxilla. 

54 0 
PERISTEKIBJQ. 

skin round the eyes and the legs red" (Shelley). Total length 
about 11 inches, wing 6, tail 4*2, bill 0*55, tarsus 1*02. 
Female. Similar to the male, but a little smaller and duller in 
colouring : greener and less coppery purple on the neck. 
Young. Upper parts brown with rufous bars; breast rufous with 
black bars ; forehead whitish rufous with brown bars. 
Immature birds have many feathers of the upper parts, and also 
of the breast, with brown and rufous bars, remains of youth. 
Hob. South Africa. 

a, b, c. Ad. et juv. S. Africa. Purchase!. 
sk. et st. 


d. JUT. sk. S. Africa. 
Sir A. Smith X\~. 
e. Ad. sk. Cape [Butler). Shelley Coll. 
/,<?.$ ad. et jar. Knysna, Jan. ( C. J. Aadtr&son). Tweeddale Coll. 
sk. 

h. Ad. sk. Gt-ur/e (A tutor?). Shelley Cull. 
/, k. Ad. sk. King"*."* illiaiustown. Capt. Tiwelvan "P.". 
/, m. Ad. sk. Durban {Gurrlgf). SMWColC ' " 
n, o. (S ad. sk. Durban, March, April (G. SLellin- Cull. 
p. Ad. sk. Pretoria {Praff ) . Sharps full. 
q7 r. Acl. et Maeamae, Lydeiibunr. F. A. IJarrntt, E*o. 
juv. h\i. P.". 
s, 
J ad. sk. Maeaniae, Lvdt'hburfr, July rialt iu-Godmaa Coll. 
{Ayr?*). 

t. 
<$ juv. hk. Maeamac, IA dwiburg, June Guni^y (ML 
(Ar/re#). 
u. Skeleton. S. Africa. 
Purchased. 
2. Haplopelia bronzina. 
Columba bronzina, Iiiipp. Kme Tf'irMth. p. *>>, t. 25. f. 1 (1^5) 
(Abyssinia); DesMurs7m ZeMtref Vug. Abyss, p, 141 (lb45j , 
HeugL J.f. 0.1802, pp. 'J94} ml 

Peristera 
bronzina, G. M. Gr. Gea. B. ii. p. 470, n. 11 (164-ij; 
JRcnhb. Syn. Ai\ I 1440 (1&47). 
Turtur bronzinus, Hupp. Syst. Uebers. p. 100 <1S45); IltvgL Syst 
Ueb, n. 318 (1&30). 
Aplopelia bronzina, Bp. Consp. Av. ii.p. (30 (16*14j; ?V7. Gmipt.Reml. 

xl. pp. 18. 219, n. 19-i (1^>*5): itf. Coup dml Orrire Pttj. pp. #2, 
57, n. 195 (Iboo); 6'. J2. 6'r. HamMki, ii. p. 244. n. 94C3 
(1870). 
Haplopeleia bronzina, Helmk Tauhen, 1. p. 77, t. 2»J8. f. 1440 

(1802). 
Aplopeleia bronzina, HeugL Orn. X.O.-Afr. L % p.fc44< 1*71). 
Haplopeleia cbalcea, HeugL Orn. K.O.-Afr. ii. App. p. clxxi (1^75). 
Turtur bronzinus, Gieb. Thm. Orn. iii. p. 725 (1^77). 
Haplopelia larvata, party Shell. HAS, IbK$, p. 2U& 
Aplopelia larvata, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. |2 | L p. 208 (1H-4), 

vi. p. 304 (188b) (Slioa); Ilartert, Hat. Vcgdmmml p. Ifc7 {part.} 
Haplopelia bronzina, Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 40 (1889). 

27. HAPLOPELIA. 
541 

Similar to H. laruata, but smaller; less purple arid more greenish 
on the bind neck and mantle; also on the middle of the occiput 
there is a dull greenish lustre; the abdomen and under tail-coverts 
somewhat darker cinnamon: u Iris brown; bill black; feet purplered*
7 (Atitiaori). Total length about 9 Inches, wing 5*1, tail 3*7, 
bill 0*55, tarsus 1. 

Female. Similar to the male, but a little smaller, and duller In 
colouring; greener and less coppery red on the hind neck. 
Hah. Abyssinia ai.d Shoa. 

a. g ad. -k. ShoaT June (Aatinori). Shelley Coll. 
3. Eaplopelia joknstoni. 
Ilaplopelia joha-toniT Sht-IL Ik\ 1803, p. 2% pi. iii. (Xyassaland). 
Similar to II. larva fam but the back, wings, and tall darker brown, 
with no olive hue. and with a distinct purple tinge; the hind part 
of the head and the hind neek metallic coppery amethystine, with 
no greenish tinsre; bn-a^t nl-o with a -strong metallic-coppery 
amethystine lint re; abdomen and under tail-coverts of a darker 
cinnamon than in //. Janata ; under wing-coverts of a pure lead-
grey colour. Total length about 11 inches, wing 0, tail 4*4, bill 
0-02. tarsus MS . 

Itiuautnre Innl. Has th«» brown of the back and wings with an 
olive hue; the feathers of the occiput and hind neck greyish with 
metallic-green edge* ; also the edges of feathers of the crop-region 
have a metallic-green lustre; .^ome of the secondaries, scapulars, 
and upper wing-coverts edged, with rufous, remains of youth. 

Young. Upper parts brown with rufous bars, except the mantle, 
which Is uniform brown; underparts rufous, with brown bars on 
the breast and sides. 

Hah. Mekngi Plateau, CIOOU feet, Xyassaland. 

a.t b, c. Ad., imm., et Melangi Plateau, Oct. II. II. Johnston, E«cp X1.]. 
' juv. sk. (Type^ °** species J *. 
4. HaplopeHa inornata. 
Ilaplopelia 
inornata, Itrhmc. Alia. rleutscJu Orn. Ges. zu Berlin, 
Berkhi, Ftbr. Site. lum, p. 6; id. J.f. 0.1892, p. 170 (Cameroon). 


UIL larraim maxime affinis, sed sincipite dilute cano, cervice et 
colli lateribus sordide rufesceiite brunneis, occipite magis cinerascente, 
his partibus paullum et inconspieue cupreo-lilacino-micantibus, 
in luce reflexa cupreo-viridi-resplendentibiw; dorso, alls 
eaudaque obscure rufesceiite brunneis: iibdoinine dilute cinna


* This species has a striking resemblance to the still unidentified Cohtmha 
erythroiMna\ Tcmm. & Knip, Pig. u fain. trow, p. \7\ pi. T£I. 
542 
PERISTEEID-E. 

momeo, crisso albido. L. t 250, a. im. 135, c. 90, r. 12-14, 

t. 25 mm." (Reichenow.) 
"This species differs from H* larvata in the grey forehead, 
darker upper surface, and pale under burface. but especially in 
wanting the beautiful coppery-red metallic gloss, which H. Janata 
shows in certain lights on the occiput, nape, region of the crop, and 
upper breast. By reflected light it bhows on the occiput and nape, 
and less distinctly on the sides of the neck, a greener coppery gloss ; 
on the crop-region a slight gloss is seen only on the edges of some of 
the feathers : i iria violet; naked skin round the e\ es blue-green : 
feet bluish grey and brown-red "" {Dr. PrevssK 

Hob. Buea, 950-22u0 m., Cameroon Eauge. 

5. Haplopelia principalis. 
Columba 
(Turtur) . . . 'r, Kodem. X T. I). Hi. p. :JM flM>tj 
(Prince's M.). 
Perfctera principalis, Hartl.. Z. ti. 1^ '4\ p. ij:P\ iFnuc^* 14.): 
Gieb. Then. Orn. hi. p. t»7 |IK77|. 
Haplopelia principalis G. It. Gr. Ha id-lM. ii. p.'Ji i, a H H C> 11 N Dtihell. Ibis, 18s*j, p. iW. 

"Supra brunnea, nitore cupreo-rubeutf et viropimb ; Ninnpite 
cano; nucha vinaceo-purpnrascente, reiniiribu- fan K 2 7/u valde 
emarginatis ; subalaribns ardc^iaeis ; mt'iito niw»; picture vinuceorubente: 
abdomine sen^im albicante; HilntwdjJibtB caiii^; colli 
lateribus lsete rubentibus; rectricibus 2 inefliis except in. n%ris, apice 

late et dilute cinereis: rostro nigro; peflibus nitide rubrK Lnnsr. 
0-20, rostri a fronte 0-01b, abe IJ-150, c<md*e Uli% taisi mm:' 
(Hartlaub.) 
Hah. Prince's Island. 
Nearly allied to II. sinqduc { Harthwh). 
Unknown to me. 

0. Haplopelia simplex. 
Turtur simplex, Ilartl. Rev. ft May. Zmd. l*4f\ p. 4i/7 t>t. Thoma-j 
Isl.j; i(L Beitr. Orn. »W<{/r. pp. 87, 55, Taf. 10 «l*siOi ; i2WM. 
%??. Av. Columbaria*, Sim't. t. 2W. if."2i7*2-7*4I 1H.>1I (<X Hartlaub) 
; Hartl Abk. nat. Ver. Hanib. ii. 2, pp. 37, 35, Taf. 10 
(1852); id. J. f. O. 1*34, p. 207; GYs//- 77«* Or/*, hi. p. 728 
(1877); Sousa, Jom. tic. Lisftua* .\ii. p. 351 f 1«HHHJ. 

Aplopelia simples, Zfy>. (famp. At. ii. p. 1)7 < l*v»4}; iVf. Vnmpt. It* nth 

xl. pp. 18, 219, n. ¥M (WJ3); i& Ola;; rfa*7 Orrf/r 1%, pp. &> 
57, n. 106 (1830): Jiivtf. J./. 0.1861, p. 'JW; <7. It. Or. Hand-
list, ii. p. 244, n. 9404(1870). 
Peristera simplex, "Ilartl." Bp. Ctmpf. Read, xl p. 1* (1<>3); «>/, 
Coup d'ml Ordre Pig. p. 32 (1855); /fartf. Or/i. jr.--l/r. p. ¥M 
(1857); Soma, Jom. tic. Lhb. xii. p. 152 (1888). 

IIaplor>eleia simplex, 
Rchnh. Tauben. i. p. 78. t. 200, If. 2572-73 
(1802). 
Haplopelia simplex, Shell. Ibis7 1883, p. 205; Borage. Jorn. tie, 
Lisb. xii. p. 214 (188^. 

j; 

28 . LEPTOPTILA. 
543 

Adult female. Upper parts brown-greyish, olive; forehead light 
grey; cheeks greyish; chin and throat white: underparts grey, tinged 
\ritn brown on the neck and sides, and changing into white on the 
middle of the abdomen and under tail-coverts, the latter minutely 
dotted with grey; on the hind part of the head and on the neck the 
edges of the feathers are dull amethystine, with green reflections in 
some lights ; also the anterior part of the neck has the same amethystine 
lustre, with green reflections, but duller; primaries 
greyish; under win*?-eoverts greyish brown; central tail-feathers 
uniform brown-greyish olive, like the back; the lateral feathers 
have the base blackish and a broad grey terminal band; the inner 
feathers are more tinned with olive-brown on the outer web ; tail 
underneath black, with a broad apical grey band: " bare skin 
round the eyes, Ms, and feet vinous red; bill black" (Socage). 
Total length about lfj"5 inches^ wing 5*5, tail 4, bill 0*58, tarsus 
MS. 

The mhtlt malt, according to Prof. Socage, has the back and 
wings of a darker colour, and the forehead white. 
Hah. Island of St, Thomas. 

djk 2 a^« *&. Inland of tit. Thorna**, Prof. Barboza du Bocage 
Feb., ^eFt, [IV. 

I K 
LEPTOPTILA*. T 

Leptotik, Stc. Cifm, If. IL p.'MU(W471 L. rufaxilla. 
Leptoptik, (i. It. dr. List (ten. II.*2ml ed, p. 75 (lb41} 
(nonwn emt*nd. |. 
Homoptila, Snhad. Atti It. Ac. Sc. Tor. vi. p. L11 
(lb711 L. ochroptera. 
Engvptila, Sunder. Meth. mat. Ai\ imp. Tent p. 156 
(IST'I) ( = L**pt«»ptikT *SV.|t. 
-•Echmoptik, E. (hue,%m G. B. fk*nnrt€fi Report, Bull. 

U.S. Sun\ Ten-, iv. p. 4a (1*7&) I = Leptoptik, 
Sic). 

Range. From Texas, through Mexico and Central America to 

B. America as far as Pern and the Argentine Itepublic. 
KeifiQ ^ie SjKries. 

a. 
Long-tailed group: underpart* n«*ver frreyish. 
a'. No bluish-grey colour on the crown. 
a". 
Inner web of the quilla uniform brown, 
or with a very slight tinge of rufous on 
the inner edge brachyptera, p. 545. 

* I cannot Fee any cauee for confusion in tiding the genus Leptuj>ti!at Swn 
although there is a genus LtpfopfiloA, Less. 
f Cory (Auk, 1887, p. Ill) gives for Engiipiila the incomplete reference: 
Sundew Stoeidb. Akad. Hand!. 1*35, where 1 na\e failed to discover it. 

544 
PEBISTERIDX. 

b". Inner web of the quiHs. for the greater 
part, cinnamon, like the under win_fcoverts 
_.....

r. Crown with a more or less conspicuous 
bluish-grey colour; inner webs of the quill*, 
for the greater part, constantly cinnamon. 
e". Upperparts olive, more or le-s brown, 
«'". Occiput and hind neck more or less 
with metallic colours. 

aK The whole of the upppr part of the 
head bluish grey, scarcely lighter on 
the forehead

b4, Upp^r part of the head not entirely 
biui?h grrey, 

a', 
fc'ide* of* the head and ah > the 
upper throat, round th»- \i Lite * f 
the chin and middle throat, conspicuously 
rufe'f^nt.

b 
. Sid*- of the head nut conspicuously 
lufe-cent. 
a - Breast brum un JUS red .....{

#. Brea4 pale \in IF* 
ri7, Hind week n»»t brijht c>tpjt*n 
red. 

a*. Hind n*»cfc triv\i*h, trlu-^'d 
with coppery on th** upj»*r 
part,\\ lili br<-n/*j-jrrtn*n and 
bluish on the lovwr part, 

a*. Larger: wins* fj*2 to fi*5 
JnehiN .,
#', Smaller: wli45 5*5 Indies

&H, Iliad nerk $rr»*y, tflo^ed 
with an3Kh\dtine: occiput 
brown, with amethystine 
glo*» . .....!..

57. Hind neck briirht coppery zed ; 
abdomen i\Mte. 
e\ Shafts of the tail-feathws 
dark brown ; lower throat 
and biea^t distinctly vinous; 
outer webs of primaries 
reddifb brown, and 
distinctly ed/et! with chocolate 
rufous; upper pait? 
in w>me hjmeimem («dd 
ones?) tinned with phB+y 
chocolate-brown ....... .

i\ 
Shafts of the tail-feathers 
Hiiht reddish brown; lower 
throat and breast wry pule 
vinou% almost white; nu 
reddiph-biown tinpe on the 
outer webs of primaries; 
upper parts constantly {*?) 
olhe , ...,.,...,,.

 mreau vi, p. 518. 

 plumbr 'oyn, p. 559. 

rvfaxillft, p, 551, 

• ; I » . ~~ri 
<h?**rwnt*h* AM, p.-"354. 
o*hrop(trttf p. 055 

mtyalura. p. out J 

ffaumrri, p. 557, 

jumttifemt\ p. 557. 

29 . L1PT0PTJXA. 
hrt

 \ Occiput and hind neck brown, with no 
metallic c* lours; underparts, including 
the luwtr feeast, cuE>pieuotLlv white, 
like the thr« at, which i* abruptly 
defined from the dull vinous colour of 

_ the anterior part of the neck ... . wellxi, p. 559. 
d". Upper part* cim ainon-brown; lower parts 
TPI} palt- ...... pallida, p. 560. 

b. 
Short-tailed moup: biea^t jrrey or vinou* grey*. 
c'. Occiput and nape rufou* * br »wn or dark 
brown. 
e". Brea-t pure LTPV eamni, p. 5CS0. 
/'' . Breast ua« us tfrp\. 

c ". Vinous/rev culour of the brea-t more 

previ.-'h ..... . vmaceiuentrzSj p. 561. 
d". VinouH-jn^y colour of the breast more 
df .
rufe*i*e:it 
Occiput and nape bright rafoo* 
eerrinirentris, p. 561. 
ryfinucha, p. 562. 

1- Leptoptila brachyptera. 

Peris!era ]aiiuimtHi\ pait., fr. I?. O , ZJV Gallium Brit. Mus. p. 15, 
spec. // (M**\ieot <1*H|I|. 
Z/iiakLi itiiialjilK Mr ("ail {Mr lip.), Pr. At. Wat. Sc. PMlad. 1851, 

p. 220 (between Mataraora^ and ranmrprn). 
Peri4*Ttt br.n-h\pt*'rat f/. J£. Or. Lkf B. Urit Mm. Culumbae, p. 54 
(l^ltl) (Mexico) fdt^cT. titdkf. 
Leptoptila alliiioiw, Mat \mr lip.*) P. Z & 1857, p. 214 (Orizaba), 
183U, pp. ;ii4»H fialapaf, 301 fPfaya Vicente); Sclat $ Sah. 
Mm9 lK>i*, p. 22 (Duefiafi, Guatemala); Rchnb. Tauben, ii. 

p. HU llH>2>; #-/<rf. P. & & 1864, p. 178 (Mexico); Sclat. 
ty iSfl/r. P. X & 18U4, p. 370 (part.) «Guatemala); iid. P. & S. 
161)8, p. 00 (Mexico and Guatemala), 1870, p. b38 (Honduras); 
G. M. Or. Handrtist* ii. p. 242, n. 93bG (1870): Lawr. Ann. Lyc. 
iV. F. x. p. Hi (1«7I>; id. Pr. Bmt Soc. xiv. p. 274 (1871) (Tres 
Marian IK); Sousa, Mm. Xac. Zmk Columbfe, p. 19 (1873): Sclat 
&T Sale. NomencLuLr. Xfotrop. p. 133, n. 2 (1873); Mid. Ibis, 1874, 
p. 450 | Guatemala); Lmcr. Mem. Host. Soc. ii. p. 305 (1874) 
(Mazatlan, Tre<* Mai la-1; Lawr. Bull U.S. Arat. Mus.no. 4, p. 44 
(1870) (Tehuantepec); (hm% Bull Nvlt Orn. Club,ii.ip. 82 (1877) 
(llidalpro, Texa«>); Sanchez^ An. Mm. Nac. Mex. i. p. 105 (1878) 
(Marias Is., Mazatlan, Yucatan); Brewer, Ibis, 1878, p. 204 
(S. ITn. States); tianchez. An. Mm. Xac. Mex. i. p. 105, n. 49S 
(187b); Svmirir. tfaturabsa, v. p. 232, n. 34 (1881); Boue. P. Z. S. 
1888, p. 4511 {Yucatan); Trkir. Cat Coll. B. p. 40 (1889); Rein. 
$ MIma\ bvmencL Mm. Hem. OTA. p. 284 (1800). 
PeriBtera albifron«, Giek The*. Orn. iii. p. 65 (part.) (1877). 
JEcliiaoptila albifrons, Coxes, Bull. U.S. Geui. Surv. Terr. iv. p. 48 
(1878); Midgw. Pr. U.S. Nat 3fm. I v. 158 (1878). 
Enjcvptila albiiroiw, Ctme% Bull. Nuti. urn. Club, v. p. 100 (1880); 
liidgw. Cat. a 4«3 (1880); Chues, Chech-lid, ^ d ed. p. 01, n. 542 

* I have examined in the Museum of Paris the type of L. albifrons, Bp.„ 
which is undoubtedly a specimen of L.jamaicenm, the only one of this speeies 
existing in the Museum; also the description applies to it only. 
VOL. XXI. 
2 N 

546 PERISTERID-2B. 

(1882); id. Key X. Am. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 5(57, n. 542 (1884); 
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 193; A. O. T. CJieck-li*t X. Am. Birds, 

p. ISO, n. 318 {188G): Ferrari-Perez, Fr. U.S. Xat Mas. Ix. p. 175 
(Pnebla) (1886); Fidgw. Man. X. Am. Birds, p. 214, pi. lxii. £ 3 
(1887); Bendire, Life-Hist X. Am. Bird*, p. 144 (1892). 
Leptoptila fulviventris, Lain: Ann. X. York Ac. ii. p. 287 (1882) 
(Yucatan) (type examined); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 435; 
FcJimo. 4' SchaL J.f. 0.1583, p. 407. 

? Engyptila verreauxi, Xutt. {nee Bp.), Xutimg} Fr. U.S. Xaf. Mm. 

vTpp. 378, 389, 396 (Nicaragua; (1SS3). 
Engyptila fulviventris, Lairr. Ann. X. York Ac. iii. p. 271 (1835). 
Eng^ptila vinaceifulva, Laitr. Ami. X. York Ac. iii p. 271 (1835) 

(Yucatan) (isabelline Tar. of L.fnlvitentri% tope examined). 

Adult male. Upper parts brown-olive ; forehead whitish, T& ith a 
slight greyish-vinous tinge, changing into coppery red with golden-
bronze or greenish reflections on the occiput and hind neck; on the 
upper mantle sometimes a slight metal lie -bluish or purple tinge; 
throat white; cheeks, sides of the neck, crop-region, and upper 
breast pale vinous, changing into white on the lower breast, abdomen, 
and under tail-coverts ; the latter with a slight brownish and 
greyish-brown tinge on the outer web^ ; ftirics light brown ; quills 
greyish brown, -with partial narrow light edge-* on flic outer webs ; 
under surface of the quills sometimes with a blight rutou- tinge on 
the inner edge; under wing-eov* rts and axillaries cinnamon ; four 
central tail-feathers uniform olrw-brovm like the back; the lateral 
ones grejibh brown, with an ill-defined broad brown-black band, 
and tipped with whitish ; the outer feathers have the outer webs 
TS ith a narrow whitish edge: u bill black: orbital region and ieefc 
pinkish red ; iris yellow "' {Xolvin). Total length about Ki inches, 
wing 5*b. tail 4*5, bill 0*€;j, tarsus 1*15. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Young birds are duller, and have the feathers of the upper parts 
and of the breast with rafe>eent edges. 

Hah. Talley ot the Lower liio Grande in Ttia-, and southwards 
to Mexico, with Tres Marias Islands, Guatemala, San Salvador, and 
Nicaragua. 

Tres Marias birds are rather brighter, more coppery violet, on the 
hind neck. 

Borne Yucatan specimens (L.ftrIvivtutris^ Lawr.)are more fulvous 
on the flanks, and, perhaps, le^s bright on the hind neck ; generally 
they have the forehead more vinous, but some specimens from other 
localities match them in this respect. 

a. Ad. sk. Mexico. Piirclia^d. I 
h. Juv. sk. Mexico. Purchased. | 
(Types of Permtem hrachyptera, Gray.) 
a$* sk»

c-k. $ 2 Brownsville, Texaft, March, Sal vin-CJ oilman Coll. 
April (F. B. Armstrong). 
l,m, n.(S $ad. sk. Hidalgo, Texan, March, April Sahiii-Cwdnmn Coll. 
(JK B, Armstrong). 

o. <$ ad. sk. ' an Juan, Mexico (FSbmek). W.W. Saunders, Esq. 
p, q. 6 $ ad. sk. 

r. <5 ad. sk. 
s, S ad. sk. 

/, J ad. sk. 

«. <£ ad. «k. 

». c? ad. sk. 

?£. cf ad. «k. 

x. d ad. fk. 
i/fs. <? ad. ^k. 

a\h\<\ e 2 ad. 

hk, 
«?,*,/'. Ad.*k. 

/. $ ad. sk. 

A', t\$ ad. et 

$ juv. «k. 
&f, cJ ad. &L 
/'. <J ad. sk. 
m\ Ad. **k. 


*', o\ $ $ ad. sk. 
p\ J ad. &k. 
#', r', /. cJ ad. et 

ad. sk. 

i\ Ad. sk. 

**',»'. c? ? ad.sk. 

a?'. $ ad.sk. 

,rf. <£ ad. sk. 

y\ S ad.sk 

28 . LBPTOPTILA. 
Bio Salado, Xuevo Leon, 
Mexico, Mareli (F. B« Armstrong). 


Estancia, Monterey, X. Leon, 
Mexico, April {F B. Armstrong). 


Hacienda de Los Escobas, X. 
Leon, Mexico, April (F. B. 
Armstrong u 

Peaqueria Grande, X. Leon? 
Mexico, May (J! B. Armstrong). 
Km de It Gilla, X. Leon, 
Mexico. Apiil (F. B. Armstrong 
). 
Munte Morela**, X. Leon, 
Mexico, May (F. B. Armstrong). 
Tamauiip i% Mexico, May ( W, 

B. liirhard&un). 
Sota la Marina, Tamaulipas, 
M^\icit April (IV. B. Rick-

AMaina, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 
^ MaHi f W. IL liiekmyhonl 
Tunqm* >, Mexico, Feb. ( W. 

It. 111 hnrthw . 
(\h nt4 il*' Mwtutit,Vera Cruz, 
Mi-vi<'rtt June, Bee. (Jf. 

Tn/j'Po). 

Mi-inthi* Mexico, March 

!/:;>. r;.|. 

Coat^per, Vera Cruz, Mexico 

(F. Fermri-Fer^z). 
At *vit<\ Vein Cruz, Mexico 
|IA lV.timith). 
Jalapa, Mexico, Mav tF. 
D.G.). 

Wtra del Ca^adero, Vera 
Cruz, Mexico, Dec. (J/. 
jTri/Jt/lo). 

Plav«i Vicente, Vera Cruz, 
Sfexico, Dec, {M. Tmjilh). 
Soeliiapa, Vera Cruz, Mexico, 
Jan. (M. TnrjiUo). 
TVapa, Mexico, Jan., Feb. (D. 

IV. tim&h). 
Sonora, Mexico {W. Lloyd). 
Tre* Marias I«., W. Mexico, 
Feb., Mar. (A. Fmrer). 
San Bias, Ter. of Tepic, April 

{W. B. M.ekari$m). 
Santiago, Ter. of Tepic, May 
{W. IL MieAardson). 
Tapie, 
Mexico, May (W, B. 
Mickardson). 

Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll, 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman Coll* 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman ColL 

2B 2 

%', <$ ad.sk 

a". d1 ad. sk 

b". Ad. sk 

c". J ad. sk 

d". Ad. sk 

e",f'\ 6 ad. et 

ad. sk. 
g". $ ad. sk 
h". $ ad. <k. 
*". d ad. sk. 
#'-«". Ad. sk. 
o'r, (5 ad. sk. 

/'. <J ad. sk. 
q'\ Ad. ric. 
r". $ ad. *«k 

/'. tf ad. ?k. 

2". d &d. sk 

u'r,i)"fw". <j* ad. 
sk. 
*",y". d ? ad. 
sk. 
*". <$ ad. sk. 

PEEISTEEHJJE. 

Lake GLapata. Jalisco. Mexico, 
Aug. ( W. B. Biefcardmn). 
Beltran. Jalisco, Mexico? April 


(W.Lloyd)^ 

Santiago, Colinm, Mexico* 
June ( W. Lloyd), 
Tonala. Chiapas, Mexico, 
NOT. iSumichra^t). 
Acapulco. State of Gunrero. 
Mexico, Sept. il). W. Smith \. 
Tehu intepeej Mexicu, Feb. 

(W. B. Bichanhon). 
Merida, X. Yucatan, Dec. {G. 
F. Gatnnpr). 
Ti/Imin. X. Yucatan, June {G. 
F. Gavmer). 
Izamal, X. Yucatan, Jan. f G. 
F, Gaitmer). 
Buctzotz, Yucatan, April {G. 

F. Gaumtr). 
DuHiia*. Guatemala. F^b. 

San (U'Ttmlim, Yt*ia Pa/, 

Guatemala, April f it. Or<*/i L 
Iletalulni. Guatt*n]«da \(>. &). 
Baranco-Ilondo, JWJf) fVei, 

Guatemala. Or t. (0. »Y.|. 

Tollman, 5000 fWt fiiwtnniala, 
Dec. { jr. /A Richard-
Son). 

Panajneliel, Guatemala, June 
| II". /?. BicMnkm), 
La Libertad, Sahador. Feb. 
I If". J/. liichmrkhM}, 
Cbinandf^a, Nicaia^uu, Mav 

{W. B. Rwharfron). 
El Yoleaii, Chjnandt irajXkara^
iia, April ( W. B. Rich


2. Leptoptila verreanxi. 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Sal\in-Godman ColL 
Salvin-Godman Coll, 
>ah in-Godman Coll, 
>«,!1 vin-Goilman ColL 
Sabln-Oudinaii ColL 
Sahlu-f Hitman ColL 
tNihin-Gudm^n ColL 

Sihlll-f HiillllHS Cull, 
Suh in-< Jodman ColL 

Sah in-C iodman ColL 
Sah in-Goduian ColL 
Sah in-t rudmwn ColL 
Sahii.-G< dman ColL 

Peristera jaraaicei 4\ Jard. {nee Linn.) Ann, &c May. N. IL xx, 

p. 374 <lb47) (Tubafro). 
Leptoptila verreanxi, Bp. C*mp. Ar. ii, p, 7»1 flKSf (Xftv Granada; 
type examined); id. imnpt. Bind. xL \ p. i«J», it1!1, IL '2\O IIRSI|: 
«/. Coup d'at'l Ordrv i%. pp. oH, »>% n. 215 f ls>~f,- i>/» Vtmipt. 
Mend, xliii. p. 04o (IKTJJ ; AW«f. P. Z *V. 1^5, p. KW, INW, 

p. 147 (Pallatanga), \m\ p. ^Hl <RabnhfAo, Tmimlm); Mehnk 
Tauben, l. p. ±5, ii. p. 11)4 (Wf2\; Lmrr."Ana. Lye. JV. I' \ii. 
p. 3*18 (1802) (Panama); Mat. *• ^/r.i^ 2. A*. 1W54, p. «^0 (part., 
Panama) ; Salr. P. Z. & !Hi7t p. 1^0 (Santa Ft'% Yamgim}; to tot. 
% Salt. P. Z. S. 1808, p. 60; l>Yi»fe J./ O. 1HS% p. iJ71 (Costa 
Eiea); Sdv. P. Z. & 1870, p. 1>17 (Calobre, Bii»ba); Schi. <J&/?;. 
P. Z A 1870, p. 7Hi> (Merida); a It Or. Iland-tist, ii 
p. 24S7 n. 9S83 (1870); H>a^? IMs} lb71, p. ?383 (Ocaiia); &I//A 
28. &EPIOPTILA. 
549 

§* Salv. Nomencl As. Meotrop. p. 133, n. 3 (1873) ; Salv. Ibis, 
1874, p. 312 ? MM. Ibis, 1874, p. 456; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 43 
(Co*ta Rica); Sclat. 4* Sate. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 544 (Medellin)j 
Salv. # Oodm. Mis, 1880, p. 178 (Santa ZHarta); ? Berl $ Tans. 

P. Z. S.1854. p. 311 (\\\ Peru, X. Peru); Berl J. f. 0.1884, 
p. 319; Tacz. Or a. Per. ill p. 256, Tables, p. 102 (1836) ; Tristr. 
Cat. Coll B. p. 40 11889) <Toba<ru); Ilein. % Mchnk Noineml 
Mm. Hem. 0m. p. 254 (Pallatanaaj (1890). 
Periatera brevipennU, 
O. P. Gr. list B. Brit. Mm. Columb«,p. 54 
(part.) (1*50) {p. America, Trinidad); i3>. Cow^. 2&«& xliii 

p. 04-3 (ls>J | i =L. veneauxi :j). 
Periner* rufaxilla, p«4rt., G. P. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbae, 
p. 54, spedm. b {1*50). 
Leptoptila albifron*, Srlat. {nee Pp.?) P Z. 8. 1800, p. 289 (Babahovoj; 
Berl P. Z. S. 18*5, p. 117 (Babaliovo=L. verreauxi). 
'i Leptoptlk !% Sclat. $ Sate. P. Z. S. 1*64, p. 370 (Panama). 
Lept«>ptila Tiottni, Lairr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. is, p. 138(1809) (Xavarro, 

Co*U Rica: typy f-xaiiiinedj; jFVarcfc. /./. 0.i860, p. 371; G. R. 
Gr. Htimhlist, li. p. 243, n. 93*h (la70). 
M^ptoptila j iinaic-IIHI^ (part), &$%. Mus. P.-B. Columbas, 

p. 15* fJa73j UJo^nta, Caracas); Prlff. M% ^74, p. 450. 
Lept^ptik rioitii, *SV/\ j7//>? 1KT1, p. 312 ( = L. verreauxi). 
Lt'ptoptlla rut.ixilLt, TV/re. imr'awt.) P. Z. S. 1874. p. 556 
(M<mt*wo, H. IVruj, 1W), p. i>li> (IVru). 
L*'ptoptila ochropt^ra, #«//-. *V Srlat. (net* Katt.) P. Z. S. 1876, 

p. 17 (I£uir<», lVru). 
P»*ri*t«*ia jii'iialeeo^is part., f/i>4 7%*w. 0;vi. HI. p. 07 (1877). 
lVristm fmitn, Giek ibid. (IS77). 

Enjrvptila vrivauxi, <&»&*/. An. Mm. Kac. 0. P. 1887, p. 127 
(OiMa Rieaf; JVWf. Pr. CT.& Ata. Mm. v. p. 408 (Costa Rica) 
(1882|; Milffic. ibid. pp. 49b, 502 (Cuata Rica) (1882): Cherry. 
Auk, 1892, p. 329 (Costa Rica). 

Similar to £. bmchyptera, bat with the inner webs of the quiUs 
rufous cinnamon; the forehead generally vinous; no greyish tinge on 
the crown. 

Adult male. Upper parts brown-olive ; forehead generally vinous ; 
occiput and hind neck coppery red, with bronze or yellowish reflections, 
more conspicuous on the mantle; chin white; cheeks, sides 
of the neck, lower throat, crop-region, and breast pale vinous, 
changing into white on the abdomen and under tail-coverts; the 
latter with a slight pale brown tinge on the outer webs; flanks 
pale brown; quills greyish brown, with partial narrow rufous 
edges on the outer web^ ; under wing-coverts, axillaries, and inner 
webs of the quills, except at the tip, cinnamon; two central tail-
feathers uniform olive-brown, like the back; the lateral ones 
greyish towards the base and blackish towards the broad white 
tips; the outer feather has the outer web with a narrow white 
edge: bill black: "irides orange; naked space round the eyes, 
legs, and feet red** (Fraser). Total length about 10*75 inches, 
wing 0-8, tail 4-5, bill 0'65, tarsus 1-2. 

Specimens from Santa Rita, Ecuador, are paler and more whitish 
on the forehead, cheeks, throat, and breast. 

55 0 
PETHSTEKCB^, 

Hah. Costa Eica, Yeragua, Panama, Columbia. Venezuela, 
Bonaire (Harteri), Guiana, Ecuador, and Peru. 

a, I. $ ad. et San Jose. Co-ta Eiea? Jan, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
ad. sk. Xoy. (J. Can/iio!)* 


c. <$ ad. sk. Santa Fe\ Yerauua (Arrg). Sah in-Godman Coll. 
d. <$ ad. sk. Cordillera dp Tole, Yeragua Sah in-Godman Coll 
(Arte). 
e. <S ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqm (Am). Sahi l-Godman Coll. 
/, g, h. d 2 Lion Hill, Iatlimd» of Panama fc ilvm-Goilman Coll. 
ad. sk. {3/t Ctt Haml}. 

i. Pad. sk. Medellin. UX < f Colombia >ahin-Gjdm.n Coll 
(T.K tifflmua). 
l\ c^ad.sk. Minca,iUOO ft.. U.S. of Colom- Sah in-Godinan Coll. 
bia,'Feb. {F. A. A. Simony. 
I $ ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, YenezueLt Sah in-Go<inian Coll. 


(A. frV/w/i. 
m, n. Ad. frk. Trinidad. Z HiWieal Society** Coll. 
{Tv* o of the t) p - «»f P rfoera hrr* ip nnU.) 

o. Ad. -st. British Guiana. >'*v It. **eh mljdrjk _IV, 
a<l»

p-s. (S 2 Quonjra, British Guiana, Sfpt. >ahi -G< dman Coll." 
sk. to Nov (1L Whitrty). 


t. 
Ad.sk. Pallatanga,Ecuador^wf/*). E\tai C II. 
u. Ad. i*k. Ecuador (Fra^r). Sah ih-Godijaau I' ill. 
v, M7. Ad. sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador {Buel- Sih in-Godman Toll 
%). 


x. Ad. sk. Iluiro, 
Peiu, Am?. (#. »sahm-(Judman Coll. 
Whitrly). 

y. 
Ad. sk. S. Ameiica. Puicba^ed of V*>rreaux. 
(One of the type* of Perform fartfijmnih. Gray.) 
z. Ad. sk. S. America. * Puicha-ed. 
3. Leptoptila plumbeiceps. 
Leptoptila rufaxilla, Bp. (n&r Rich. 4* Bent.) P. Z. S, IS**)7, p. US 
(Mexico); ticlat P. Z. #. 1551^ P* :'°** (Cordova): Salt. ^ SdaL 
Ibis, I860, p. 402 (Guatemala); Gieb. The*. Ont. iii. p. 07 (part,) 
(1877). 

Leptoptila 
plumbeicepp, Selat 4* 8air- P. Z* S. l^tte, pp. Tji)? (JO 
(Yera Paz in Guatemala and Mexicof; G. IL Gr. MtmeMiM^ ii. 

p. 248, n. mm (1870); Later. Ann. Lyc. X. F. x. p. 1(5 (1871); 
8chleg. Mm. P.-B. Columbae, p. lt)0 tlfc73); &lat. fy A&fo. 
Nomenel Ai\ Neotrop. p. 133, n. & (lb73); 7>w/r. CVtf. Cult. 3. 
p. 40 (1889). 
Leptoptila bonapartii, Lawr. Ami, Lye. N. F. x. p. 15 (1871) 
(Mexico) (type examined); Salt*. Ibia, 1874, p. 312 f=L. plumbeiceps). 


Peristera plumbeiceps, Gleh. This. Orn, ii. p. 406 (1S75), 
Peristera bonapartei, <?/>&. 2%as. 0r». iii. p. 00 (1877). 


-4<M£ m«Z& Upper parts brown-olive, with a slight purple-russet 
tinge on the mantle; upper part of the head dark grey, paler, 
almost whitish, on the forehead, and with a slight purple tinge on 
the occiput; hind neck greyish with a purple-violet wash ; cheeks 
and ear-coverts rufescent; upper throat white; lower throat and 
breast vinous, changing into white on the abdomen and under tail


28. tEPToraxdu 
551 
coverts; tlie latter with a dusky-grey tinge on the outer webs; 
sides brown; quiHs greyish brown ; under wing-coTerts, axiHaries, 
and inner webs of the quills, towards their bases, cinnamon; central 
4 or 6 tail-feathers brown-olive, the remainder blackish brown 
tipped with white: u bill black, feet flesh-colour " (Salvm). Total 
length about 1M-5 indite wing 5*0, tiil *J*^ bill 0*05, tardus 1*25. 

Fem<rlr. Similar, only somewhat smaller. 

Yount? bird- are duller, more olive on the upper parts, with the 
feather- edged with rufous ; more brown and less vinous on the 
breast, where -ome fet*heis hive .-tibterminal crescentic brown 
bands. 

Hah. Eastern Mexico to Guatemala. 

a,b. £ ad. tt 2 Taraj i<*o. M^XICM, F jk. March Salrin-Godman Coll. 
juv. *k. i IV. Jl. It'ctti •*t*oH). 

c. "Ju\. -k, Ati KM% W M Cruz, Mexico, Salvin-Gudnian Coll. 
April \D. IV. Sm'fki. 
d-g. c?S**d. -L IVupa, M* .vie*;, I*Vb. {IX IV, tfalviu-Godman Coll. 

L J ad. nk. Xiillfy i»f M^xic* ill. S. fa Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Strung* L 

i. 
Ad. sL Vt /1 d» i C **«t-i***u,V* *a Criu, Sahln-i Jodman Coll. 
M*'\i ujk*t\ (31, Tntjillo). 
A*, /. Ad. 4%, OraiuvWa.k, IJrit. if* ndar«i.s, Sahln-I lodmau Coll. 
1 )• «\ (//. F, tntlUH* fj. 

m. 
J ad. hk. City^W. lh*t. Brit. Honduras fciah iii-Godraan Coll. 
I F. Blamanmtti f. 
w, o?|i. Ad. hk. Cii«rttuiiT Vera l'azT (iuatt*- bah in-Godman Coll. 
mala, Jan. (0, S.). 

j . J ad. >k. ChuetUHi, Wra Fax, Guatr- Salvin-Gudman Coll. 
mala < O. & *y /I I). fr\). (Type of species.) 
4. IieptoptHa rafaxilla. 
Columba ruiaxilla, Richard «|* Bernard, Act. &>c. Ski. Nat. Park, 
i. p. 118, IL 74 (179:* J (Oaveiiiip); Meyer, Zoo!. A/inaL i. $. 159 
(17514); MV/. .S^*\ --lr. Columba, **p. 09 (part.) (1^7). 
Columba frontalis *Temm, 4* A«/)A 1%. i. fain, trois. p. IS, pi. 10 
(1^08-11| (Gujanaj; Lem. Tr. (TOrn. p. 474 (1831). 
Columba jamaic^nM*, Tnnm. Pit/, et Gallin, I, pp. 411,495 (part) 
(1813); Vieill. X. 1A xxvi. p. 398 (part.) (1818); Dam. JDi&. 
he, Nat. xl. r. 317 {part.) |1H28); Lem, Vumpl. de Buff., Ok. viii. 

p. 8 (part.| (IKJ7); id op. tit. 2nd wi. p. 271 (part.) (1838). 
PeriPtera mfaxilla, SUk Nat. Libr.f Pigeons, pi. :J4 (lfe&5); Marti. 
Sgat. Jrerz. p. 99 I lfe44j; #. /if. Gr. Lmt B. Brit Mm. Columba, 
pi 5t1 (part.) ( I^iflt; GieL The*. Orn. lil. p. 67 (part.) (1877). ^ 

Peristera jamaicensK, part, Mb. Sat Libr., Pigeons, p. 270 (1835); 

G. R. (Jr. Gen. B. Si. p. 470, n. 4 (part) (1843); Rchnb. Spi. A*), 
ff. 14*iO-:i7 (1HI7) (#>r Temminck Sf Selhj)] Cab. in tichomb. 
Guianaf ill p. 744 (1848) (Guiana). 
Leptoptila 
rufaxilla, Sw. €iam. B. II p. Ji40 (18S7); 2?p. Cowjp 
^ a ii. p. 7S (part.I (1854); iV/. €W»/if. fond. xl. pp. 99, 220f 

n. 216 (1855); id. Coup <Tml Ordre Pit?, pp. 30, 58, n. 210 (1866); 
fid. Ctmpt. Rend. xlii. p. Mo (1856); Relink Tauben, I p. 25 
552 
PBRXSTEK1D-3E. 

(part.), t 258. ff. 143 i-37 (1^62): ? &M. .y &zfc. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 591 plexiana), 1809, p. GO (Guiana A: valle Ainaz. inf.), 1889, 
p. 598 (Cosnipata, Peru I; Feb. Ora. Bra*, p. L'79 (Borba, Rio 
iluria), pp. 451, liv (1870): fi, B. fh\ Hand-list, ii. p. 24L>, 
ii. 9381 (1870); humlev. Tent p. 100 (1^721; Sthi. & Sale. SomencL 
Av. Xeotrop. p. 133, n. 7 f 18731; Bert. J.f.O.1^74; y. 244 < Guiana 
and X. Brazil); Sciaf. & bait. P. Z. tf. 1-7U, p. 640 (Guiana, 
Yquitos, Co-nipata); b'rkif. Li4 Vert. A,u ^tli *-*!. p. 457 (1SS3); 
Tristr. Cat Cull B. p. 40 (1&*0;; IB'ti. & lienor. Xomttul. Mm, 
Hem. Or a. p. 1^4(1^90). 
Leptoptila dubu^i. Bp. Cud^p. Jr. ii. p. 74 flK54 iRi i Xapo; type 
examined); w/. t'ompt. Until si. pp. JR 22U, n. L'1H il^j5f:"^. 
C'<w//; <rfa// Orel re l\f/. pp. 3>>. 5N. n. 'Jill |1<J5I; *7 O //^f. i&/*& 

xliii. p. 945 {1>W: & W. ^ .Wr. P. Z. »V. Is U p. 1th /River 
Ueayali), 1^6% p. t»0, 18T3, p. 30r5 iSarauie i, Sjuti Cfiizi; timim, 
Mm. Xar>. Lkh. Coltimke, p. Ill (1H73?/ 
Enprptila ruf axilla, Siturhr. T**f. p. 100 {W-'.: tfr/r. CW/. P. 
tiirickl Cull p. 550 ll^f ; />/. P>/\, I*s'», 31. 174 Iguana); 
r^i/Zaz, J?K//. -4M. J/z/.s. X Ji. ii. p. If Hi tl-H.n 1 JJ ihiaf. 

Advlt. Eorehead white-grey, fhjiJiiir on th< ITHWU into blue-
grey, which again change- on the occiput into dull purple, and into 
bright purple-violet on the hind neck and tipper mantle ; remainder 
of the upper parts olive-brown, with a ^lirrht purple trlu^s on the 
back; chin and middle throat white : ^ide^ of tm* bu d and upper 
throat conspicuously rufe&cent; hides ot the n< rL «.nd lower throat 
vinous, paler on the breast; side* and flank*, olkv-brotwi; abdomen 
white; under tail-covert^ moie or b^*> brown on the outer webs, 
white on the inner ones; primaries -lute-brim 11 ; under wing-
coverts cinnamon, ba ^ of the inner web- of tb j quills cinnamon, 
more or less pure, there being scarcely a wa-li of cinnamon in some 
specimens; central tail-feathers olive-brown, the lateral ones 
blackish, the outer two pairs tipped with white: bill black; feet 
probably red. Total length about hi inches wing o-4, tail 3*8, 
bill 0-6, tarsus 1*14. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Some specimens have the purple colour ot the hind neck more 
greyish; one oi those enumerated below has the rufous colour of the 
sides of the head covering aKo the occipital region ; a female from 
Quonga has the attenuated apical portion of the tii>t primary much 
broader than in the other specimens. 

Hah Guiana, Amazonia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia. 
This species is characterized b\ the conspicuous rafeseent tinge 
on the sides of the head. 

a. Ad. sk. S. America. Pun-haned, 
b. Ad. sk. S. America. Bar* m Laugier Coll. 
c. Ad. sk. British Guiana. .Sir It. Schombmgk [P.]. 
d. Ad. sk. British Guiana. Purchased. 
*if* 6 2 ad. Quonga, Brit. Guiana, < )ct. Saltiii-Ciodman Coll. 
"sk. (Hi Wkitely). 
g, h. 2 ad. et Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana, Salrin-Godman Coll. 
jid. sk. ^ Oct., "Soy. (II. Whitely). 
Is. 
of ilexiana? Lr. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 
( Wallace). 

28 . LEPTOPTILA.
k. Ad. sk. Para. Gould Coll. 
I. Ad. sk. Pemarnbueo, Brazil (W. A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
m.
n. 
J ad. sk. 
tf ad. sk.
Forbes). 
Yquitos, Upper AmaSept. (H. Mliitely). 
Santa Cruz, Peruvian 
zons,
AmaSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. r ad. sk.
zons, Sept. 
Co^nipata, Peru, Oct. (H. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
p. Ad. sk.
Whitely). 
Saiavacu, Ecuador (0. BuckSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
q. Ad. sk.
ley). 
\ icinity ofGranada. 
Bogota, Xew Salvin-Godman Coll. 

o. Leptoptila babiae. 
Leptoptila 
reiehenbaclii, Berl. (nee Pelz.) J. f. 0. 1874, p. 246 
(Bahia). 
Leptoptila reiehenbachi bakise, Berl. Zeltschr. d. yes. Orn. 1885, 

p. 177 (Baliia). 
Similar to L. reiehenbachi, but the violet colour of the hind neck 
much brighter, the breast and abdomen paler and of a more pure 
vinous and less red colour; under tail-coverts white, having only a 
small basal portion of the outer webs brown. Total length about 
Hi inches, wing 5'5, tailo-8, bill 0*0, tarsus 1-1. 

Ifab. Bahia, Brazil. 

a. It, c. Ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Compared with the type of the species.) 
6. Leptoptila reifliienbacM. 
Columba rufaxilla, 
Wied. (nee auct.) Reise naeh Bras. ii. p. 341 
(1821); id. Beitr. iv. p. 474 (1832). 
Peristera macrodactylus («c), G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columbse, 

p. 56 (1856) (descr. nulla). 
Peristera macrodact} la, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii.p. 945 (=rufaxiUa!) 
(1856). 
Peristera frontalis, Bunn, (nee Temm.) Syst. Ueb. Th. Bras., Vog. 

ii. p. 305 (1850). 
Leptoptila erythrothorax, Sclat. $* Salv. (nee Temm.) P. Z. S.1868, 
p. 60 (Guiana! and Brazil); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 243, 
n. 9384 (part.) (1870); ? Schley. Mm. P.-B. Colunibee, p. 160 
(1873); ? Soma, Mm. Nac. LisL Colunibae, p. 19 (1873); Sclat. 8? 
Salv. Nomencl Av. Neotrop. p. 133 (1873) (Brazil) ; Berl. J.f. 0. 
1874, p. 247 (part.). 
Leptoptila 
reichenbachii, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 279, 337, 451, liv 
(1870) (Ypanema, S.E. Brazil); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 243, 

n. 9390 (1870); Soma, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 20 (1873); 
Berl J.f 0. 1874, pp. 240, 247; Berl. <§• Jher. Zeitschr. d. ges. 
Orn. 1885, p. 177 (Rio Grande do Sul); Pelz. fy Lor. Ann, 
Naturh. Ilofmus. iii. p. 48 (1888). 
Leptoptila rufaxilla?, 
Cab. (nee auct.) J.f 0.1874, p. 230 (Cantagallo, 
Euler). 

554 
PEEISTEBIDJE. 

Leptoptila rafescens, Berl J. f. O. 1874, pp. 246, 247 (Brazil); 

Berl ZeiUchr. d. yes. Orn. 1&85, p. 177 (=L . reichenbachi). 
Peristera erythrothorax, part, Gieb. Tkes. Orn. iii. p. 66 (1877). 
Peristera rufescens, Gieb. Tkes. Orn. ili p. 87 (1877). 

Adult male. Upper parts glossy brown-olive; foreliead whitish. 
changing into bluish grey on the crown; hind part of the head-
nape, and upper mantle brown, with a purple glo&s: chin and 
middle of the throat whitish; cheeks, sides of the neck, lower 
throat, and breast deep ruiotis vinous ; sides and Hanks brown; 
middle of the abdomen white; under tail-coverts brown. Tvith the 
apical portion of the inner web> whitish ; piimaiie» brown ; under 
wing-coverts and bases of the inner webs ot the primaries cinnamon. 
the latter less bright: four central tail-feathers brown-olive, the 
remainder more slate, blaeki&h towaids the apical portion; the 
three outer pairs tipped with white: bill bbtek, feet probably red. 
Total length 10-5 to 11 inches i^ing 5-5 to II. tuil 4{ bill O-ofi to 
0*60, tarsus 1*15 to 1-30. 

Hah. B. Brazil and Uruguay. 

fl.Ad.sk. S. xVxiieriea (Verrecwj). Pureha-ed. j 

b. Ad. sk. S. America. Bmm hnw/wr Cull, j 
(Type* of Ptn'sttm matr* (fattyIm. (r. It. Gr.l 
e. cJad.sk. Mattodendru,Uiic.uV<//^'/^ri'*. Suhin-< h dman Cull 
d. Ad. sk. Cantagallo, h.E. Biazil fC. Sahhi-Ut«iii)an ('oil. 
Hitler). 
(< IIIH ot th»* tyj**-* < f Leptoptila 
rnfimf'tm* flt*rL) 

e. Ad. sk. l*4ij>andu, Uiu<ruay, Xuq. * A. 1WI I>t|. 1'.^. 
7. Leptoptila chloroanchenia. 
Paloma 
parda tapadas ioxa>, Azara, Aptmt. i. p. li, n. #20 (1803): 
id. Toy. (ed. konn.) iv. p. 130, n. 320 f i-0% Vuill. X. U. xxvi. 

p. 390 (1M8); Bp. Compt lie/id. xliii. p. 04o, mite 11^30 J. 
Columba jamaicensi?*, part., Temm. Pig. ef Gailin. L pp. 411. 495 
(1813J; Desm. Xouv. Diet. xl. p. -507 {port.) tl&20); Ltx\. Cmupl. 
de Buff., Qis. viii. p. 8 (part.) (Ib37) : id. op. at. 2nd ed. p. 271 
(part.) (1838). 

CoJumba rufaxilla, part., Wagl. tiyst. Ai\ Columba, >p. 09 f 1827). 
Peristera jamaiceusi*, Hartl. {nee Linn.) lad. Azar. Apitnt. p. 20y 

n. 320 (1847) (exci. syn.); <?. I t 6>. 6rV«. 1/. App. p. 24 (1849). 
Peristera frontalis, fcem.? Burm. (nee Ttinm.) tiyxt. C'eb. Th. Bras., 
Fog. ii. p. 303 (1856); id. J.f.O. 1800, p. 23$?, pp. 1&2; id. Meise 
La Plata, ii.p. 497, n. 100 (exel. syn.) (18111). 
Leptoptila chalcauchenia, Balvad. M&; fa'clat 4* *Va//\ P. Z. SA) Dee. 
1809, p. 633 (Argentine Republic); ml. Xomenel. At\ Xeotrcp. 

p. 133, n.5 (1873); Berl J.f 0. 1874, pp. 243,24% 247; Durnf 
IMs, 1877, p. 193; Scdv. IMst 1880, p. 303 (Tueuxnaxi, Parana, La 
* This specimen, received from the Vienna Museum, with batterer's original 
label still attached, ought to be one of the typical specimens, bat, strange 
enough, these (three in number) ^ere said to be all from Ypanema! Mattodendro 
is mentioned by Pelzeln only among the localities of jfc. oehr&ptera. 
28. LEPTOPTILA. 
Plata); Barrows, Auk, 1884, p. 275 (Entrerios); Bert fy Jher. 
Zeitschr. d. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 177 (Eio Grande do Sul). 
Leptoptila cMoroauchenia *, Gigl. $ Salmd. Atii B. Ac. Sc. Tor. v. 

p. 274 {Jan. % 1870); iid. Ibis, April 1870, p. 186; Salv. $ Sclat. 
13% 1871, p. 435. 
Peristera rufaxilla, Beinh. {nee Temm.) Bidr. til Kzmsk. etc. in Vid, 
Meddel. 1570, p. 57> sp. 71, and p. 454; Gieb. T/ies. Orn. m. p. 67 
(part) (1877). 

\ 
Leptoptila megalura, White {nee Sol. $ Sate.), P. Z. S. 1882, p. 62® 
(Salta). 
Engyptlia ciialcauckenia, Bed. J.f.O. 1887, p. 124; Sclat Argent, 
Om. ii. p. 144 (I8blfj; Frenz. J.f. 0. 1891, p. 128. 

Adult ?aale. Above greyish brown; vertex, occiput, and hind 
neck plumbeous, with the feathers edged with iridescent bronzy 
green; forehead and chin whitish; fore neck and breast pale 
vinaceous, changing into white on the abdomen and under tail-
coverts; quills brown, with narrow light outer edges, cinnamon 
towards the base of the inner webs; under wing-coverts cinnamon; 
central tail-feathers brown-grey, the remainder grey at the base, 
blackish towards the tip, which is white, the outer feathers have a 
narrow white edge on the outer webs: " iris orange ; beak black ; 
legs and feet pink" (Dumford). Total length about 11 inches, 
wing (S% tail 4*3, bill 0*75, tarsus 1*2. 

Hah* B. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine Kepublic. 

a. S acL &k. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres, Oct. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{W.1L Mudmji). 
b. <$ ad. di. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg. EeSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
public, June (S. W. White). 
c. $ ad. sk. Punta Lara, Arg. Republic, H. Durnfbrd, Esq. [C.]. 
Oct. 
d. Ad. sk. Salta, Arg. Republic, June. H. Durnford, Esq. [C.]. 

8. Leptoptila ochroptera. 
Peristera brasiliensis, G. B. Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 54 

(1856) (Brazil) (descr. nulla); JSp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 945 (1856). 
Peristera brevipennis, part., G. B. Gr. op. cit. p. 54, specim. a, b (1856). 
Columba ochroptera, Natter. Cat MS. 

* Ibis species was named by Br. Giglioli and myself L. chloroauehenia, 
and the type, which was collected by the former in the JEstancia Trinidad, 
near Montevideo, was sent for inspection to Dr. Sclater, who declared that it 
was new to him ; accordingly we described our species in the Atti R. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. v. p. 274, at the meeting of January 2, 1870, and later in the ' Ibis/ April 
1870, p. 186. 
In the meanwhile Sclater and Salvin received the same bird from the 
Argentine Republic, and on the 9th Dec, 1869, read a short account of it under 
the name of Leptoptila chahauchenia, Salvad., changing, perhaps inadvertently, 
the name given by us. 

As there is no doubt that our original name and description were practically 
published before those of Sclater and Salvin (as the 4th part of the Proceedings 
of the Z. S. never appears before the months of April or May of the following 
year), I think I am justified in retaining the original name of L. chloroauchenla. 

PEBI8TEETD2E. 

556 

Leptoptila ochroptera, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 278 (svn. eniend.)? 451, 
liv (1870) ; G. R. Gr. Rand-list, II. p. 243, n. 9389 (1670): Edd. 
Ibis, 1871, p. 435; Sclni. § Sain. XomeacL A v. Xeotrop. p. 133, 

n. 4 (1873) (Brazil); ': Fcbes, Ik's, 1851, p. 357 (X.E. Brazil); 
Sclat List Vert An. 8th al. p. 437 (18^7j; Tacz. Or a. Per. ill. 
p. 255, Tables, p. 102 < 1850) (dead*, from a B^az. ©pecim.j; Pelz. 
f Zor. Ann. Saiurh. Ho/mm. iii. p. 4^? (185-1. 
Leptoptila brasIlien-K G. It. Gr. Hand-lkf. ii. p. 242, n, 9332 
(1870); rStMef/. Mm. P.-B. Coluniba.-, p. 15ii fl-73| iBiazil); 
? Soma, Mm. Sac, Li^b. Columbse. p. 10 tl-73t: r iftw. Jr Itehm, 
Nomencl Mas. Rein. Or a. p. 2-4 11-501 fBnuill. 

Homoptila decipiens, tinlrail. AMR. Ar. tic. Tor. \i. p. 131 (1871) 

(Brazil). 
Leptoptila chalcauchenia. part.. BerL J.f.O. W4 , pp. 243.245, 247* 
Enjryptila ochroptura. title. Vat. B. titrirkh Cvll. p. 55^1 {IH1-2(. 
Penst^ra bra*>ilien*i*, part., Gieb. The*. Orn. Iii. p. II0 {1^77). 

Very &imilar to X. thhronmh t*w% from which It differ* In being 
smaller. Total length about 10-5 inches, wing 5*5, till L >*ill H*0, 
tarsus 1-15. 

In specimen** described by me tinder the name oi Ilamtipfiht rhxipikus, 
the fir&t primary i» apparently inlying or \*> ITJAj**.*rf*-etly 
developed. 

Hah. Brazil. 

a, k Ad. sk. S. America. Piitrlu^il T\v M*1 th^typus 
<»i IJirt*f*trv hmijHhttUi ( u 11. (-Jr.) 
4?, <£ Ad.st, «it >k. Brazil Lard Stuart d*» 1 i illiwjiy T.] , 
(T\pt*»i of P<?ri*t**nt brwstft* n*i*i (\. It. Gr.) 
<»,/. $ ad. *k. SapItibaJ$i\i/if.-\£arch, S,ihhi-<*odmaii Coll. (Oneof 
April {Sufferer}. typ«k<* uf the species.) 
g> Jt7 i. Ad. hit. Bahia, Bra/il ($Fu«> Sal\in-fiu»lmaii Cull. 

<?/<Sf/W). 

A. Ad. sk. 
Peruaiiibueo, Brazil fe"alviu-< iodman ('oil. 
(If. vl Purbesh 
I 
Jad.sk. tJliapada,Matt»illri^«f)7 SaMn-Cr, dniaii I 'oil. 
JxmeiH.H.timith). 

m. 
d" ad. .sk. CoruiaLa,MattoGros^>, iSalvin-t knlmtm Coll. 
July (if. JZ.*$W/i). 
!). Leptoptila megalura. (Plate XIII. I 

Leptoptila megalura, fklat. 4" Sah\ IK Z. ti« 1*70, p. II4IJ (IBolivia); 
jfcsto. 4- *&M. /./ . O. l«b0T p. KM. 

Adult. Upper parts greyish brown, with a slight purple or amethystine 
lustre on home feathers; forehead whitish, a slight grey 
tinge on the crown ; occiput and nape brown, with a slight amethystine 
tinge; hind neck and upper mantle brown-grey, with amethystine 
lustre; underpays vinous ; cheeks light vinous grey ; chin and 
middle of the throat white; middle of the abdomen and under tail-
coverts white, the outer webs of the latter slightly greyish brown; 
quills greyish brown, with partial pale rufescent narrow ed^es; 
under wing-coverts, axillaries, and Inner webs of the quills, except at 

28 . LEPTOPTILA. 55 7 
the tip, cinnamon; upper tail-coverts with paler greyish edges; 
central tail-feathers uniform with the hack, the remaining five pairs 
greyish brovm at the "base, then blackish and broadly tipped with 
white : bill black; feet red. Total length about 11 inches, wing 5*8, 
tail 4*7, bill 0*6. tarsus 1*2. 

This species is easily distinguished by the hind neck being grey 
with amethystine lustre, and no coppery or green reflections. 
Hob. Bolivia. 

af b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
((J. Buckley). (Types of species.) 

10. Leptoptila gaumer! 
Engyptila gaumeri, Later. Ann. N. York Ac. iii. p. 157 (1884) 
(Yucatan) (type examined); Scdv. Ibis. 1885. p. 193 (=E. jamaicensis). 


Engyptila jamaicensis, part., Salt. Ibis, 1885, pp. 186, 193 (Yucatan 
& Cozumel L), 1889, p. 378 (Holbox L, Mugeres I., Cozumel I.L 
1890, pp. 80, 91,92, 93. 

This species differs from L. jamaicensis in the more vinous tinge 
on the lower throat and breast, and reddish-brown tinge on the outer 
web of the primaries, which have distinct chocolate-rufous outer 
edges. Besides, the shafts of the tail-feathers are dark brown, while 
those of L. jamaicends are light reddish brown. 

The adult male (?) has the olive of the back and upper wing-
coverts washed with purple, which is absent in other specimens, 
probably females. 

Hah. Northern Yucatan, Cozumel, Holbox and Mugeres Islands. 

a. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk. 
Northern Yucatan (G. F. 
Gaumer). 
Cozumel Island, Yucatan, 
Salvin-Godman Coll.""] 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c~z, <$ $ ad.
April (E. €. Levis). 
Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll. a* 
sk.
d-e\ Ad. sk.
/*,/ , Ad. ?k, 
(G. F. Gaumer). 
Mugeres Island, Yucatan, 
Dec. (G. F. Gaumer). 
Holbox Island, Yucatan, 
Dec. (G. F Gaumer). 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11. Leptoptila jamaicensis. 
Columba minor, ventre candido, Shane, Voij. to Jam. ii. p. 303, t 262. 
f. 1 (1705-25). 
Coluiriba iamaicensis, Briss. Orn. i. p. 134, n. 31 (1700) ; Linn. S. N» 
i. p. 283, n. 25 (1760); Gm. S. N. I p. 782, n. 25 (1788); LatL 
Ind. Orn. ii. p. 595, n. 8 (1790); Bonn. Erie. MM. p. 230 (1790); 
Temm. Pig. et Gallin. L pp. 411, 495 (part.) (1813); Vieill N. I). 
xxvi. p. 398 (part.) (1818); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat xl. p. 307 (part.) 
(1820); Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 8 (part.) (1837); id. op. 
dt. 2nd ed. p. 271 (1838); Benny, P. Z. S. 1837, p. 39. 
Pigeon de la Jamaique, Buff. Hist. Nat, Ois. ii. p. 529, pi. 21 (1771). 
White-bellied Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 019, n. 8 (1783). 
Goura jamaicensis, Steph. Gen. ZooL xi. p. 120 (1819). 


PEBISTERTD-E. 

Cohmiba rufexilk, nart, WagL Syst. Ai\ Columba, sp. Q6 (1827). 
Peristera jamaicensis? Selb. Xaf. Ltbr^ Pigeons, p. 207 (part.) (1835); 

G. R. Gr. Gen, B. ii. p. 476? n. 4 (1545) (excl. syn.): Gosse, B. 
Jam. p. 818 (1847); if. JSa*. %*. in Jam. p. 173 (1851 J; G. R. 
Gr. ListB. Brit Mus. Colunihse, p. 58 (1850); Gieb. Hies. Orn. iii. 
p. 67 (1877). 
id. Compt Bead, xllii. p. 944 (1S56): id. L on. Pig. pi. 110 i 1857); 
Rehnb. Tauben, i. p. 24 (1562); March, Pr. At ad. X K PhikuL 
1868, p. 802; Stffltf. ^* &//;. P. 2. tf. l^OS, p. 00; 6?. It Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 245. n. 0870 (1S70|; Mat Sr tial*\ Xom^irL Ac. 
Xeotrop. p. 18:i? n. 1 (lb78) (Jamaica*; Edd. I/w's 1^74, p. 450; 
£V/<it £M£ Vert An. btli ed. p. 457 (1«#>3| (Cozum*-l i>L!i; $ab\ 
Ibis, 188-5, p. 108 (part.) (Jamaica onlv); Tridr. Cat Coll. B. 

p. 40 (1659). 
Leptoptila albifrons, Bp. Cm p. Ar. ii. p. 74* (Mexico !. Cuba !} f type 
examined); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. <J9t 220, n. 21* (1^551 {id. 
Covp d?ail Ordre Pig. pp. 80, 58. n. 21K < 1855 t ; "r id. C« m/J. Itrnd. 

xliii. p. 044 (lvift): R*hnh. Tnvhtn. L p. 2*» * 1M*^ j ; &J%. 
{We J>.) J/V*. P.-B. Columki*. p. 100 (Cuba!* I ^7;*) : 1W. 16«, 
lb74, p. 450 (=jamai<viws). 
Leptoptila rufaxiila, lichnh. Ttiuhea, i. p. 25 (part.* i! H**2i. 
Encr\ptila iarnaii'Wi-i-. A.& E. Srirt. ILindb. J*tm. p. Ill fl N81 | ; 
*Vff/r. Cat.ILStritM. (V; /. p. 550 f 1 ^-2 ): f*,yv/, />' //. If, /W. 

p. 28 (1*W>); id. Auk, 1^7', p. 111 ; ?>/. if. If". Imi. p. 212 i! **<)> ; 
afcotf, -iwA% Ib92.p. 128 t Jamaica}. 
Adult, Upper parts alive, glo.^y in >ome litrht-: t metier! white, 
shading into grey on the crown and bronze-grey mi the umpur; 
bind neck coppery red, with hronz** or golden-green rthVrtiuiis on 
the lower part and purple-blue one* where it joins the mantle; 
throat white-greyish; crop-region white, with an amet!i\ ^tioe 
lustre, more conspicuous toward* the 4de ; lower hrr-ast. abdomen, 
and under tail-coverts white; side* ^ishtiy prre\x4t bnmn; quills 
greyish brown, parthlly ecl^red with whitish on the outer web; 
inner web of the quills below, under wiiu-coverK and axilkries 
cinnamon; two central tail-feathers olive, the remainder trrejish 
brown, with the tips, and the outer one al-o with the erl^e of the outer 
web, white; shafts of the tail-feathers Hfrht reddish brown: bill 
black; feet purple-pink (?). Total length about 11 inches, wing 
I)-25, tail 4-%l5, bill 0*03, tarsus 1*25. 

Hab. Jamaica. 
a. Ad. st.
b. Ad. sk. 
Jamaica. 
Jamaica (Gome). 
P. II. Go^e, K*q. "P.". 
Salvin-G< dmun Coll " 
c. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Zoological Society's Coll, 

* According to Bonaparte there is a PcriJ&m a^hifmm, G. K. Gr. Li>t *Spw. 
Br. Miis. p. 15, which he says (Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 1144) is the *a!fie as 
Geotn/gon, canicrpi*, Cab., and G. albi/ach.% Gr. I:); but I liafe failed to dimmer 
that Gray eyer established that name—certainly it is not in the * List ol GalIinai, 
(1844). 
28. LEPTOPTILA. 
559 

d. Skeleton. Jamaica. Purchased. 
e. Skeleton. "W. Indies. Purchased*. 
12* Leptoptila wellsi. 

Engyptila wellsi, Laior. Auk, i. p. 180 (1884) (Grenada) (type examined) 
: Cory, Lid B. W. Ind. p. 28 (1885); Welk, Pr. U.S. Nat.
Mm. 1886; p. 024 (Grenada); id. List B. Grenada, p. 7 (1886) ; 
Cory, Auk, 1587, p. Ill; id. B. W. Ind. p. 212 (1889). 

Athdi male. Upper parts glossy olive; forehead white, scarcely 
tinned with vinous and slightly changing into grey on the crown; 
hind part of the head and nape dark olive-brown ; chin and upper 
part of the throat pure white, well defined from the dull vinous 
colour of the cheeks, lower throat, and upper breast; lower breast, 

* 1 ma not acquainted with the folia wing two species, doubtfully distinct 
from L. jaMa'wetisih:— 
LEPTOPTILA COLLARLS. 

Enarvptila collari*, Cory, AH I;, 18*6, pp. 498, 502 (Grand Cayman), 1887, 
p7l!2; ul. B. W. hid. p. 213 (1889). 

*• Forehead dull white ; top of the head dark grey, showing a metallic tinge 
ui purple on the4 nape; a cap*- of iiiPtallit* purple showing greenish-red reflections 
where* it joins the bick; back dark brownish olive; throat dull white; 
bre«i>t dull villaneous, shading into dull white on the belly; sides dull red-
brow a; under wing-covert* and under .surface of wing rufous brown; primaries 
brown, ha* ing the inner webs heavily marked with rufous brown ; tail slaty 
brow n. two or three outer feathers tipp d with white ; feet red: bill black; 
ins dull white. Length 9*50 inches, wing 5*75, tail 3-50, tarsus 1*25, bill 0*75." 
it'ortf.) 

link Grand Cayman. 

Mr. Cory, writing to Mr. Salvin, says that this species is similar to L. ja?nai


< *"#/vs, but seems to represent a fairly good insular race. From the description 

i* is impossible to say how it differs from L. jamaicends. 

LEPTOPTILA NEOXENA. 

Engyptila neoxena, Cory, Auk, 1887, p. 170 (St. Andrew's Is., Caribbean 
Sea). 

'* Resembles Engyptila eollarh, but is more olive on the back, and lacks the 

violet-metallic collar, which is apparently replaced by green ; the general colour 

of the upper parts more closely resembles that in E. ^amalcemis, but the speci


mens of the latter bird now before me have the top of the head purplish, 

showing a greenish gloss on the occiput, while in E. neoxena the top of the head 

N white, shading to ash-grey. 

'* Adult male. Top of the head white, shading into grey on the occiput; chin 

and throat white, becoming purple or violet on the breast; sides of the neck 

and breast showing metallic purple mixed with metallic green when held in 

the light; feathers of the upper back showing metallic green, faintly tinged 

with purple; back dark olive; belly dull white; rest of plumage resembling 

that of E. collarls. Length 9 inches, wing 4*75, tail 4, tarsus 1." (Cory.) 

Hah. St. Andrew's Island. 

Ch. '* But two specimens of this interesting bird were taken, and both were 

badly prepared. It is possible that a larger series would show it to be not 

specifically separable from E.jarmicenste" {Cory.) 

560 
PEEISTEBIBJ3. 

abdomen, and under tail-coverts white, the latter slightly tinged 

with brown on the outer webs; sides brown; quills brown, inner 

webs, under wing-eoverts, and axillaries cinnamon : tail olive-brown, 

with the shafts of the feathers brown, almost black; the outer tail-

feathers brown-black, tipped with white : u bill black ; tarsi and toes 

bright carmine-red,? (Lawrence). Total length about 10 inches. 

wing 5-0, tail 4, bill 0-6\ tarsus 1'3. 

Hab. Grenada, Antilles. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. Grenada, W.I., Sept. II). W. Salvin-Godman Cull. 
Smith). (Cnmpttivfl with the tvpe s 
13. Leptoptila pallida. 
Leptoptila 
pallida, Btri & Tacz. P.Z. S. 1^<X p. .375 iChimbo. W. 
Ecuador); Tacz. # Berl P. Z. & 1^5, pp. Ill, 117, 121; jRcknv. 
$ SchaL J.f. 0. IteSD, p. 4oo. 

Adult. Upper parts rufous brown, the interscapular region with 
a purple tinge; forehead white, chansrins into bluish gn-y on thp 
crown; occiput and hind neck dull puqdish irrey : sides of the head 
with a pale ochreous tinge; chin and middle of the thro it white; 
rest of the throat and breast pale vinous, greyish on the •nde5*, and 
changing into white on the middle of the abdoiucn and under t dl-
coverts; the latter tinged with broAn-olive on the outer wth*; 
sides pale brown; primaries brown, the outer W*»1H \\ ith narrow 
rufescent edgeb; under wing-eoverts and inmr webi of tin* quilK 
towards the base cinnamon ; tail rufou* brown, th* outer three for 
four?) pairs of featherh more or le^ dark<r near the tips, wliii-h 
are white: "bill black; feet red; iris pale yellow" {fithhuiann). 
Total length about H-5 inches, wing 5%3, tail **imom bill *)-<?, tursu** \*% 

Hah. Western Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, "W. Ecuador Sah in-Godxiiaii Coll. 
(Illuigicorth). 
14. Leptoptila cassini. 
Leptoptila verreauti, Caw. (nee Bp.) Br, Ar. X*S. Philnd. 1MJ0, p. lfM 

(Turbo and It. Truandu): *r Later. Ann. Ltje. X. JT. ili p. &,:* 

(185*2) (R. Truandu, Xi*w Granada*. 

Leptoptila —— *r, McL 4' #«&. P. Z. ti. 1MJ4, p. :J70 (Panama}. 

Leptoptila ea-^ini, Later. Pr.A(. X S. Philad. lMJ7,p. 14 (Panama}; 
id. Ibis, lHife, p.'J-iO : id. Ann. Lyc. X Y. L\. p. 1*47 f1 *r>* / f ( 'o-ta 
Rica); Mat. <ytialr.P. Z. S. l^K p. « 0; />«r/^j /. f. 0. I*6ftr 

p. 371; G. It Or. llrmd-ihi^ ii. p. L>I3. u. J«>C 11*70); ,Sfc//tf. ,S&
a/i\ Nomencl. AD. Xeotrop. p. 1^4, n. 10{I*7ty I I^inauial; J?w?/, 
Orti. Misc. ill, p. HT pi. xcii. (pt. xii., Ifc7^; Howard, P. Z. >S 
187*, p. 43 (Costa Rica). 
Perifitera cassini, part, Gieb. Tim. Orn. iii. p. tifj (lh77), 
Enpryptila cawsmi, Zeledm, An. Mus. Xae. C. It 1*&7, p. 127f€Vta 
Rica). 

Adult male. Upper parts olive-brown; forehead whitish grey. 

2S, IEPTOPTILA. 

changing Into purer grey on the top of the crown, and into brown, 

with a slight purple tinge, on the occiput; hind neck grey, with a 

purple lu-tre; cMn and middle of the throat whitish; cheeks, throat, 

sides of the neck, and breast grey, with a slight amethystine lustre 

in some lights and changing into vinous on the lower breast; flanks 

brown, middle of the abdomen whitish; under tail-coverts brown, 

with the inner webs white towards the apical portion; primaries 

greyish brown : under wing-coverts cinnamon; axiHaries brown, 

tinged with rufous; inner webs of the quills towards the base 

slightly tinged with cinnamon ; tail brown, the lateral ones blacker, 

tie two outer pair*, narrowly tipped with white: bill black; feet 

probably red. Total length about 9-5 inches, wing 5-25, tail 3, 

bill o-otj, tarsus 1-2. 

Female, Similar to the male, but perhaps more olive on the upper 

parts. 

Hah. Panama and Costa Rica. 

a-d. S 2 ad. ^L Lion 11111, lathmus of Pa- Salvin-Godman Coll. 
narna (McLeannan). 

e. 
Ad. sk. Montana del Vermejo, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Teragua (Arce). 
lo. Leptoptila vinaceiventris. 

Engyptila ^ inaceiveniris, Mdgio. Pr. U.S. Xat Mus. 1887, p. 583 
(llondura>»). 

Intermediate between L. eassini and I. cervinivenins, and very 
different from L. rvfinucha^ with which it has been compared in 
the original description: it differs from L. eassini in having the 
upper breast not pure grey, but more or less tinged with vinaceous, 
and the middle of the lower breast more vinous; from L. eerviniventris 
it differs in having the lower throat and upper breast 
more greyish. 

I have compared the specimen mentioned below with the type of 
the species, from which it differs in showing a distinct purple tinge 
on the hind neck and mantle, due to the freshness of the plumage. 

Hah Honduras and Nicaragua. 
a, c? ad. sk. La Libertad, Chontales, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Nicaragua, Jan. (W. JD. (Compared with 
Richardson). the type.) 

16. Leptoptila cerviniventris. 
Leptoptila, sp. ?, Sato. Ibis, 1861, p. 355 (Vera Paz). 

Leptoptila cerviniventris, Sclat. % Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 59, 60 

(Vera Paz, Guatemala); G. E. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 243, n. 9385 

(1870); Sclat. $• Sah. Nbmencl Av. Neotrop. p. 134, n. 9 (1873). 

Leptoptila eassini, Schleg. (nee Lawr.) Mm. P.-B. Columbse, n, 159 
(1873) (Mexico!); Edd. Ibis, 1874, p. 456 (=L. cerviniventris). 
Peristera eassini, part., Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. ^6 (1877) 
VOL. xxi. 2 ° 

PEEISTEKCD-E. 

Similar to L. camni, from which it differs in havinir the npper 
breast greyish with a rufous tinge, and the vinous colour of the 
lower breast covering also part of the abdomen, so that the rufous 
colour on the underparts is much more extended than in the allied 
species, the breast being scarcely tinged with grey : the forehead and 
the sides of the head instead of being grey have constantly a blight 
vinous tinge, which only sometimes is> present in L. cassia'* : bill 
black; feet probably red. Total length about 9 inches, wing 5-3, 
tail 3-4, bill 0*55, tarsus 1-15. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Bab. Guatemala and British Honduras 

A specimen in Graf von Berlep^ch's collection. * ild to be from 
Costa Eica (?), is brighter than any of the ^pcdmens m* ntioned 
below, and has a very conspicuous purple tinge on the hind neck 
and mantle and also on the region of the crop. 

Cjh. (S 2 ad.sk.
c} d, e. Ad. etimm. sk.
/ , g. Ad. sk. et 
Cayo, W. Di-t.T Brit. Huniluras 
April, May (F, 
Blatimtifrmj j . 
Choctum, AVra Paz, Ouatemala, 
Jan. (0. S.), 
Guatemala. 
rfahin-nodman CulL 
Sr»hi Ahidurm OolL 
[T\\ • •« nt -peei^) 
< I >dl\ *n, U*i{. C. . 
St. 

17. Leptoptila rufiaucha. 
Leptoptila ruiiniiclia, Sclat. *y Sale. XumencL A*\ Xeutnqi. pp. 13.% 
im (lfe73j (Verairuit). 
Engyptila ruiinucha, Zrkdo/i, An. Ma$. Sac. €. It 1**7, p. 1*27 

(Costa Rica). 

Adult male. Upper parts glossy dark olive-brown ; iorehe id grisy, 
more or less with a >]ight vinous tinge; top oi the crown a4iy; 
occiput and nape bright rulbus; mantle brown, "w ith a purple 
tinge; throat whitibh; breast grey, with a purple tin^e on th<* -ides, 
and changing into vinous on the lower part and on the abdomen, 
the lower part of the latter white; flanks more or ka» tincrcd with 
brown; under tail-coverts white on the inner web, brown" on the 
outer one and at the base ; primaries brown ; under wing-coverts 
and the basal part of inner webs of the quills cinnamon; tail brown, 
the three outer feathers blacker and tipped with wliite: bill black; 
feet red. Total length about 9 inches, wing 5*3, tail 3%3, bill 0*55, 
tarsus 1/21. 

Female. Similar to the male, but perhaps somewhat smaller and 
duller and the upper parts more olive. 
Hob. Veragua. 

a, h. <$ ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman CulL} 
c, $ ad, sk. S. slope of the \ oleano of Salvin-Godman Coll ! 
Chiriqui (ArcS), j 
d> *>f-<3 ¥ ad. sk. Buiraba, Chiriqui (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. J 
(Types of species.) 

g. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (ArcS). SaMn-Caodm&n UolL 
29 . OSCUXA.TIA. 
563 
29. OSCDIA.TIA. 
Type. 
Osculatia? Bp. Con&p. Av. ii. p. 73 (1854) 0. sapphirina. 
Range Ecuador. 

* Kt*j to the Specks. 
a, Occiput metallic srreen; a white spot on one of 
tlie Inner secondaries sappMrina, p. 563 


h. 
Crown and occiput deep purple-blue; inner 
secondaries uniform, none with a white spot 
near the tip ,. purpurea, p. 563. 
1. Osculatia sappbirina. 
Geotrvffon -aphiiina, Bp. Mm. Paris, 1853, fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. 
p,73"(1854|. 

Oaculatia ^iphirina. Up. Consp. Av. ii. p. 73 (1854); id. Compi. 
Ilend. xl. pp. 101. 220. n. 213 <1855); id. Coup dmil Ordre Pig. 
pp. 35. 5S n. 213 (1855); vl Icon. Piq. pi. 116 (1857); Rchnb. 

Tauhm. i. p. 30 {B02): G. R. Or. Hand-list, ii. p. 2423 n. 9370 
(1870}: 8nh\ Ihi*, 1878, pp. 447, 448, 449 ; Sclat. $ Salo. P. Z. S. 
18*0, p. 155. 

Geotrvjron -.ipplurim. Mat. $r Salt. Nomend. Ao. Neotrop. p. 134, 

n. 10 (1^731; Gieh. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 256 (1875). 
Adult. Forehead white, changing Into grey on the vertex; 
occiput g ddea ^roai, elrtngiog into bronze-green with coppery or 
purple reflections on the hind neck and mantle ; back, scapulars, and 
Soulier upper wing-coverts purple; rump and upper tail-coverts 
purple-blue ; cheeks whitish grey, bordered below by a purple-black 
band; sides of the neck grey ; throat, breast, and abdomen white, 
the breast with a slight grey tinge; under tail-coverts buff or 
fulvous, with the hidden bases blackish; primaries slate-brown; 
>ecjndarie3 and greater wing-coverts brown-chestnut, one of the 
inner secondaries with a white spot towards the tip of the outer web; 
outer under wing-covtTts dirk brown, the inner ones, the axillaries, 
and also the side? dull fulvous, mottled with grey dots; on the 
upper part of the sides there Is a patch of short white feathers, 
bordered below by a purple band; quills underneath grey; tail 
slate-black, the lateral feathers with a grey terminal band, the outer 
feathers have a white spot near the tip of the outer webs: bill blackish; 
feet in dry skins pink. Total length about 9 inches, wing 5-3, 
tail 3-2, bill 0-65, tarsus 1-4. 

Hab, E. Ecuador. 

a-d. 
Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador, Dec, Feb. C. Buckley [C.]. 

2. Oscnlatia purpurea. (Plate XIY.) 
Osculatia purpurea, Sah. Ibis, 1878, p. 448 (Ecuador). 
AduU (type). Similar to 0. mpp"hir%na% but the crown and 
2o2 

PEEISTEEIDJB. 

occiput of a deep purple-bine, abruptly defined from the white forehead 
; hind neck bronze-green; back purple-violet; rump and upper 
tail-coverts violet-blue; wings very much as in 0. sajypMrina, but 
without the white spot near the tip of the outer web of one cf 
the inner secondaries; tail as in the allied species, but wants the 
white spot near the tips of the outer tail-feathers, which have a slight 
indication of a white spot near the tip of the inner web; breast 
distinctly grey; rest of the underparts as in 0. saj^Tiirina: bill 
dark brown or black; feet pale brown in the dried skin. Total 
length about 8 inches, wing 5'2, tail 2*6, bill 0-66, tarsus 1-4, 

Hah. Ecuador, but the real place is unknown* 

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador (J. Gmtld). Salvin-Godman Coll, 
(Type of species.) 
m. GEOTBYGoar. 
Type. 
Geotrygon, Gosse, Birds of Jamaica, p. 318 (1847).... G. cristata. 
Oreopeleia, Rchnb. Ai\ Syst. Nat p. xxv (1852)...... G. martinica, 
Oropeleia, Bp. Ann. &>. Nat 1854, p. 140, gen. lt'81. 

Range. Erom Southern llexieo to Bolivia and Paraguay. 

Key to tlte £pecie$. 

a. Tail, quills, and under wing-coverts for the 
greater part cinnamon. 
a'. Abdomen and under tail-coveris white . . violacea, p. 505, 
b'. Abdomen and under tail-coverts not 


white. 
a". Upper parts rufous, with more or less 
urpie reflections, 
fape purple like the back. 


a4. Smaller; wing from 6*35 to 5*75 
inches j Mil from gape 0*86 
inch montana, p. -567. 

bl. Larger: wing about 6 inches; 
bill from gape 1'05 inch marthrica, p. 570, 
b"'. Nape and occiput metallic green . . ckry&a, p. 671. 

b". Upper parts olive, with violet and 
green reflections on the nape and 
mantle mystaeea, p. 57± 

h Tail dark, with no rufous tinge j quills more 
or less cinnamon like the under wing-
coverts. 

</. Primaries cinnamon both on the outer 
and inner webs. cristata, p. 673, 
d\ Primaries cinnamon only towards the base 
of the inner webs. 
e"* Mantle violet; ramp and upper taHcoverts 
purple-violet eamcept, p. 574. 


d". Upper parts dark brown-olive, with a 
dull purple tinge on the mantle and 
hind neck .....,...,...,,....,.... m-agummf p. 675. 

565 

30 . 
<JE0TBYGO2ST. 
c. Quills below uniform grey ; under wing-
coverts brown, bat not cinnamon. 
£. Breast grey, slightly tinged with greenish. 
e". Upper parts dark olive: back violet-
purple lawrencei, p* 576. 
f\ 
Upper parts brown-violet; hind neck 
green costartcenstSj p. 577. 

f. 
Underparts greyish brown or rufous brown. 
//'. Underparts greyish brown ; forehead 
and cheeks vinous. 
'•"'. Vertex and occiput grey. 


cl. Lighter: forehead and cheeks pale 
vinous bourcieri, p. 577, 
dK Darker: forehead and cheeks dark 
vinous erythropareta, p. 578. 
d"\ Vertex and occiput vinous frenata, p. 578. 

h 
. Underparts rufous brown; a black line, 
more or less distinct, borders the 
ch*»eks below. 
* 
. Breast deep rufous; upper part of 
the head grey, with a slight tinge of 
greenish "..*...... ekiriquemis, p. 579, 
f 
. 4Breast pale rufous; head above not 
uniform. 
* *. Forehead rufous. 
a\ Occiput grey linearis, p. 580. 
/A Occiput 'rufous vinous in the 

middle, grey on the sides ... . imiezuekmis, p. 581. 

f\ 
Forehead whitish; vertex and occiput 
more or less grey; an 
occipital patch golden violet, in 
Mexican specimens narrower and 
duller, and bordered on the sides 
more broadly with grey; a dark 
line bordering the cheeks below, 
distinct only in some specimens.. albifacies, p. 581. 

1. G-eotrygon violacea. 
Columba 
violacea, Temm. fy Knip, Pig. i. fain, trois, p. 67, pL 29 
(1808-11); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 560, 470 (1813); Fieill. 

N. D. xxvi p. 83(5 (1818); Stepk Gen. Zool. xi. p. 59 (3819); 
VkilL JBne. Miih. i. p. 330 (1823); Desm. Diet Sc. Wat xi 
p. 334 (1826); Wagl Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 72 (1827); Leu. 
Tr. iVOrn. p. 471 (1831); id. CompL de Buff., Ok. viii. p. 46 (1887) 
(Saint Thomas!, MaugS); id. op, eit 2nd ed. p. 281 (1888); Burn. 
Syst. Ueb. Tk Bras., Vog. ii. p. 307, note 2 (1856). 
Peristera 
violacea, G. E. Gr. List Gallium Brit Mus. p. 55 (1844); 
EarU. 8yvb. Ferz. p. 99 (1844); G. It. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 476, 

n. 5 (1845); Mchnh. Bjn. Av. Columbaria, Novit t. 257 b. f. 3891 
(kg* 8888) (1851); G. M. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Oolumbie, p. 55 
(1866}. 
Leptoptila violacea, Mchnh. fide Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 72. 

(leotrygon 
violacea, Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 72 (1854); id. CompL 
Mmd. xl. pp. 100, 220, n. 211 (1855); id Coup d'mU Ordre Pig. 
pp. 35, 58, IL 211 (1855)-9 Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viL p. 477 

PEBISTERID-E. 

5m 

(Panama) (1862); Mat. $ Sate. Erot. Orn. p. 79 (1&&7); Sousa, 
Mus. Kac. Lisb. Columbae. p. 10 (1873): Sclat. § Bate. KomemL 
Av. Neotrop. p. 134, n. 13 (1873): Gieh. Thes. Cm. ii. p. 25b* 
(1875) (syn. emend.); Sale. Cat. B. Sirkkl Coll p. 551 (1882). 

Columba eayanensis, Burm. {nee Briss.) Syst. Feb. Th. Bras., Tog, 

ii. p. 307(1856). 
Oreopeleia Tiolacea, Bclinh. Tavbe/i, i. p. 33, t. 2oT h. t 33^0 (1802!; 
G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 242, n. 9375 (1570;; Belz. Orn. BraK 
pp. 279, 451, IT (Ypanema) (1871). 
Geotrygon albft enter, Lain: Br. Ac. Sat. Sc. Bhilacl 1&05. p. 10,** 
(Panama); Ed. Ibi*, l&tJt>, p. 120; Later. Aim. Lye. S. T. i\, 

p. 135 (lbi'b) (Angostura, Cotta Eica). p. 149 fl^>j ; Frantz, 
J. f. O. Ifeb9, p. 371: Gieb. The*. Orn. ii. p. 254 (ls75 . 
Geotrygon albhentiis. Sclat \ Salt. Etot Otn. p. 7b {1M»7U 
Oreopeleia albiventer, 6-'. B. Gr. Haad-lht. ii. p. 242. n. 0377 
(1870). 
Stamcena^ ^iulacea, Schley. Mm*. Bayx-B&s\ Columbia-, p. 1C5 ilSTa* 
(type, Surinam). 
Oropelia Tiolacea, Hem. *V Belmir. NrmmrL JINK IMU. Orn. p. 2K5 
(1889). 

Adult Forehead -whitish, changing into grey on the vertex ; 
on the occiput a purple-golden patch ; hind neck and mantle metallic 
purple, with the base of the feathers brown ; lower back olive, -with 
the edges of the feathers dull purple ; the feathers of the rump and 
the upper tail-coverts are dull cinnamon, Tilth purple edges: bidets 
of the head whitish grey ; throat pure white, changing into vinou> 
on the lower part and on the crop-region; this vinou> colour again 
changes into white on the lower breast, abdomen, and under tail-
coverts; upper wing-coverts and secondaries brown-olive, the 
smaller upper wing-eovertb with more distinct purple edge*>; primaries 
cinnamon, with olive-brown tips; inner under wing-coverts 
white, with blackish tips, the outermost ones cinnamon ; tail above 
cinnamon-purple, nearly uniform, underneath dull cinnamon, tinged 
with brown towards the tip of the inner webs : bill } ellowish ; feet 
pale in dry skins. Total length about 10 inches wing 8-2?, tail 
3-75, bffl 0-6, tarsus 1*1. 

Female. Differs from the male in having the upper parts olive-
brown, with purple reflections on the mantle, rump, and upper tail-
coverts ; upper breast brown; rest of the unclexparts white, with a 
slight buffy tinge. 
Hob. Brazil and Central America. 

The Central-American bird (G* alblventer) does not seem different 
from the Brazilian one, although there appears at present to be a 
large gap between the two areas of distribution. The type of 

G. albiventer, kindly lent to Mr. Balvin by Mr. Allen, shows that it 
is a young bird assuming adult plumage. 
a,b. o* ? ^* ®k. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Jtotheet 
st.
<?, d. S ad. sk.
e. $ ad. sk. 
Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). 
Bahia, Brazil. 
say [P.]. 
Salvm-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
/. <$ ad. sk. Panama. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

30 . ©EGTBYGCW. 
567 
2. Geotrygon montana. 
Mountain Partridge, Shane, Toy. to Jam. ii. p. 304, t. 261. f. 1 

(1705-25); Ed'w. Birds, ii. p. 119, pi. 119 (1750) (good). 
Colnirtba minor fufr-a, Edic. op. cit. p. 245, n. 119 (1750). 
Perdix montana. Bay, Syn. Av. p. Ib3, n. 20. 
Coluniba rufa cayennen>is, Briss. Orn. i. p. 131, pi. xii. f. 2 (1760). 
Cohmiba montana. Linn, 8. S. i. p. 281, n. IS (1766); Gm. 8. S. 

i. p. 772. n. 13 Q7&-); Lath. Lid, Orn. ii. p. 594, n. 3 (1790); 
JBunn. Tabl Enc. Meth. p. 231, pi. 76. f. 2 (1790) j Tkill S. D. 
xxri. p. ^m {l^K;; JJevn. Lief. Sr. Sat si. p. 305 (part.) (1826); 
Waqi. tiiftst. Ar. Culumba, sp. 75 (part.) (1827) ; Wied, Beitr. IT. 

p. 4711 (1S32); LesK CompL de Biiff, Ois. liii. p. 6 (part.) (1637); 
id. op. cit."2nd *d. p. 270 (part.) (1^38) : LfOrb. in La Sagrcis Hist. 
Sat. Cuba. Orn. p. 178 (larsre ed. p. 131) (1839); Gullw. P. Z. S. 
1^42, p. 195: Lenny, P. Z.S. 1847, p. 39: Sundeu. (Ef.K. Vet-
Al: Furh. 1609. p. GUI, n. 50 ; Civlhv. P Z. 8 1875, p. 489. 
Plgvoii roux de Cayenne. I/Aubeut. PL Enl 141; Buff. Hist. Sat. 
Ok. Ii. p. 521) {1771). 
Purtridsre Pigeon, X«/A. Gen. Syn. ii. 2, p. 615, n. 3 (1783); id. 

StqjpL i. p/197 (1787). 
(\ liniikt martinieana, MIT. /3 (part.), #M. & S. i. p. 781 (1788). 
Palimia rnxa y amarilla, IfAzara^ Apunt. i. p. 15, n. 321 (1803). 
Col mbi-Pei'driv roux \iolet, Leraill. Ois. d Afr. vi. p. 114, pi. 282 

{1HM : Sunder. K. Sr. Vet.-Ak. Handl. p. 55, n. 2s2 (1857). 
:* Ct luuibi liurtiitiea. Temm. <if* Awz/; (/w Linn.), P/y. i. fam. trois. 
p k r>,H (mjft-11); Temm. Phj. et Gallin. i. pp. 400, 433 (1813); 
VhitL S. 11 xx\i. p. :M) (part.) (lfcl*); X/c/rf. JWz. Doubl. 

p. 00, iiM-. 0*4, (K> (1823); iMsm. X'atf. #c. IVV, xxvi. p. 305 
(lMT»): X<ss. TV. <r/*Orw. p. 475 (part.) (1831); id. Compl de 
Buff., Ok. uii. p. O |]s37); «/. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 270 (1838). 
Guura montana, Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 130 (1819). 

Peri^tera 
montana, G. Ii. Or. List Gallince Brit. 3Ius. p. 15 (1844); 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 3 (part.) (1845): Hart I. Ind. Azara 
Apunt. p. 20, ii. 321 (1847); Liehnb. Syn. Ai\ Columbaria, 

f. 1432 (1&47) {ex Leiniiiant); Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, iii. 
p. 744 (lb4M; G. E. Or. List B. Brit. Mus. Colurnbae, p. 55 
(1856); Lfotaud, Ok. Trinid. p. 375 (1866). 
Geotrygon 
montana, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 320 (1847); id. Sat. Soj. in 
Jam. p. 173 (lhol); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 72 (1854); id. Compt. 
Rend, xl pp. 100, 220, n. 210 (1855); id. Coup d?ail Ordre Pig. 
pp. 35, 58, n. 210 (1835); Sclat. P. Z. S.1856, p. 309 (Cordova) ; 
Cab. 4: Gundl J. f. O. 1856, p. 109 (Cuba); SalU, P. Z. S. 1857, 
pp. 19 (Bogota), 235 (St. Dominjro); Sclat. P Z. 8.1859, pp. 368 
(Jalapa), 433; Brmer, Pr. Bost. Soc. Sat Hixt. vii. p. 307 
(1860); Salt. $ Sclat. Lbi% 1800, p. 401 (Vera Paz); Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1861, p. 80 (Jamaica); Gundl J. f. O. 1861, p. 336; Albrechi, 

J. f. O. 1862, p. 204; March, Pr. Ac. Sat. Se. Philad. 1863, 
p. 300; Tayl Ibis, 1864, p. 171 (Porto Pico); Sclat. # Sale. 
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 198 (R. Ucayali), 1867, pp. 591 (Upper Tdo 
Negro, Para), 753 (E. Peru); lid. Ex. Orn. pp. 78, 79 (1867); 
Law. Ann. Lyc. S. Y. ix. p. 135 (1808) (Costa Rica); Sclat 
P. Z. S.1869, p. 628; Frantz. J. f. O. I860, p. 371 (Costa Rica); 
Salv. P Z. 8. 1870, p. 217 (Cliiiio^ui); Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 279, 
451, liT (1871); Sousa, M.m. Sac. Lisb. Columbse, p. 19 (1873); 
Sclat $ Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 306 (E. Peru); iid. Somencl Av. 
Seotrop. p. 134, n. 11 (1873); Baird, Brew., $ Ridgw. Hist B. S. 
568 PERISTERID-E. 

Am. iii. p. 893 (1874); Tacz. P. Z. S. lb74, p. oM (C. Peru); 
Gundl J.f. 0. 1874, pp. 294 (Cuba), 313 (Porto Rico); Gieh. 
Thes. Orn. ii. p. 255 (1875) (&yn. emend.); Boucard, P. Z. S. 
1878. p. 43 (San Carlos, Costa EIca); Gundl. Anal. Soc. JSsp, 
Eist. Nat. yii. p. 348 (1878): id. Jf O, Lb78t pp. 161, 186; 
Zaicr. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. pp. 19b* (St. Vincent), 27b" (Grenada), 
487 (part.) (1878): Selat. <$• Sal v. P. Z. S. 1*79, p. 640 
(Bolivia); Luster, Ibis, lbsO, p. 43 (St. Vincent): A. ^ B. iV«rf. 
Ilandb. Jam. p. 114 (18bl): Sumickr. Nataralrzft, T. p. SJ2. n. 30 
(1881); Tacz.P.Z.S. 1*82, p. 45 (X.E. Peru): M-. CVtf. 2/. 
toV-&. Coll. p. 550 (lb82); >S'c/<tf. List Vert. An. btli ed. p. 457 
(18^:3); J5ter/. £ «7fo/\ Zeitsckr. d. ye*. Orn. Ibb5. p. 17b (Riu 
Grande do Sul); Con/. B. Haiti § San Domingo, p. 132 f 1SS-3): 
id. List B. W. Lid. p. 24 (18b5}; Salr. Ih\ IfcMj. p. 1741 (rmana); 
Cory, Ibis, 18b0, p. 473 (St. Vincent); Well*, Pr. U.S. Sat. Mm. 
1S80,p. &25 i Grenada): id. Lut B. Grenada, p. 7 (Lv^j i; Tacz.Om. 

Per. ill p. 200, Tables, p. 103 (lb80): Zfledoa, AIL MV*. Nae. 

C. It 18b7, p. 127; Cory, Auh lbb7, p. lib : Urri. J.f.O. Ibb7, 
p. 124; Itidyic. Man. X Am. B. p. 217 (lbb7) : W. R D. Scott, 
Auk, 1889, p. 100 (K>v TVe-t!: Trhfr. Cat. Co//. B. p. 40 < 18*9); 
Cry/, B. Jf. Ind. p. L'lO (IfcfeU): -1//™, 2?////. -Iw. Jiw*. X //. ii. 
p. 106 (IbbO) (Bolhia): Eart4>rt,K<tt.Vo<jrtMmmt. p. P-7 f 1-91); 
#«/#, Auk, Lb92. p/124 (Jamaica): Chapm. Bit/1. Am. Mm. 
X IT. iv. p. 293 (lbU2) (Cuba): Bendire, Lifr-llisf. X. A. Birds, 
p. 1*54/1892). 
Oreopeleia raontana, Ilchnh. Ax. Syst. Nat. p. .\xv llH**32i; id. 
Tauhm, i. p. 31, i 200. If. 28b2-b3 (l^rJ|T ii. p. 1^5 (IH«I>J ; tf. 
JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 242, n. 9374 (LSTO,; Pclz. Orn. Bras. 
pp. 270, 451, liv (1871|. 
Geotryjr »n cayennensLs, Bp. Ganpt. llend. xl. p. 100 (IKw). 
Oreopeiia montana, Burnt, Synt. Ueb. Th. Bra*., Vutf. ii. p. 306 

(1N>0). 

Geotrygon, sp., Selat. ty Salv. P. Z. S. 1^04, p. 3*0 $ Panama). 
OolumLa (Geotrygon) montana. Bryant, Pr. Bo»L Sut. X II x. 

p. 257 (1800), xi. p. 96 (St. Domingjj f IHIOL 
Oropelia montana, Eein. 8f Iteknw. Somwid. Mm. Jleia. Orn. p. 285 
(1889). 
Starncenas montana, Schley. Mm, P.-B. Columbte, p. I0*»> (lb73J. 
? Starnotsnas cuprea, Schlep. Mm. P.-B. Columbie, p. lt>-> | lb73). 

Adult male. Upper parts bright rufous, with, a bright purple 
tinge, especially on the occiput, nape, sides of the neck* and mantle; 
nnder the eyes from the base of the lower mandible to the ear-
coverts a pale reddish band, below which there is a second band of 
a rufous purple joining the occiput; throat and a band on the sides 
of the breast whitish fawn-colour; breast rufous purple : abdomen, 
vent, and under tail-coverts fawn-colour; quills rufous brown, 
brighter rufous on the outer web, and also on th& inner web towards 
the base; under wing-coverts rufous; tail purple-rufous, the tips 
of the lateral feathers lighter: " bill horn-colour, with the base 
above carmine-red; feet rediish white, with the scales dark carmine-
red, the scales of the toes scarcely red ; naked skin round the 
eyes dull carmine-red; eyelids bright carmine-red; iris brownish 
orange-yellow" (Gundlaeh). Total length 9'2o inches, wing 5-75, 
tail 3-25, bill 0*5, tarsus 1*05. 

30 . GE0TBT60X. 
Fetftuh. Upper parts dark olive, with a arolden lustre; forehead 

and cheeks rufous, the latter bounded below by an olive band; 

throat whitish rufous ; lower throat and breast olive-brown ; lower 

breast and abdomen bufy, with a more or less distinct brown tinge; 

quills brown, with the base of the inner webs cinnamon ; tail olive-

brown above, with a rufous tinge towards the base of the feathers, 

very distinct on the under surface of the tail. 

Yvthiy. " Above deep bepia-brown (with an olive cast in some 

lights], the wing-coverts sometimes mixed with rusty ; forehead, 

clie-t, &c. dull cinnamon-brown; rest of underparts brownish 

huffy: quills mainly dusky, but inner webs broadly edged with 

ramus, especially towards the base." (Rhltjwmj.) 

Hah. Tropical America in general (including Webt Indies), north 

to Cuba {accidentally at Key West) and Eastern Mexico (Mirador), 

and ^outh to Paraguay. Bolivia, and Peru. 

a. s ad. <t. Mexico. Purchased. 
b, <. £ iinm. et 2 Wjra <1P1 CVadem, Vnra Sth in-Godman Coll. 
('ruz, Mexico, Dec. (3/. 
ad. -k Tntjillo). 
Tt'inav X. Yucatan, Xo\. Salvin-Godinan Coll. 

d. 
-" iinm. -k. {G. 2*\ Gaum*'}'), 
i Iraiiirp Walk, Brit. HonduSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
/>. o ad. 4i. ras I)«*c. (/V. I** (famni*)*). 
('iiocijitii, Vera Paz (0. Salviii-Godman Coll. 
ttal tin \, 
k, J ad. ^k. Sa\ ana (J ramie, G uate-Salvin-( Jodman Coll. 
mala, Sept. (O. *V.). 
/. ? ad. sk. Chinaiidejra, Nicaragua, iSalvin-Gudman Coll. 
May (WJiJikkardmn). 
m~p. cf 2 ad. et La Libertacl, Nicaragua Salvin-Godman Coll. 
juv. s»k. Jan. {W.B.Mchardmn). 
q7 r. <S 2 &&- *&. Southern slope of the Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Volcano of Ohiriqui 

(Arre). 

s. 
cf imm. &k. Panama. Tweertdale Coll. 
San Pablo Stn., Isthmus of Salvin-Godman ColL 
t. 
2 ad. sk. Panama (0. &). 
Balzar Mt$., Ecuador (II-Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. cf ad. sk. lintpcortk), 
Sarayaeu, Ecuador (Buck* Salvin-Godman ColL 
v. d 
ad. sk. ley). 
Apollo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll 
ti\ $ ad. bk. Chamicuros, Sept. Gould Coll. 
x, $ ad. sk. Upper Rio Negro, Brazil Salvin-Goduian Coll. 


y. 5 ad. &k. { Wallace), 
«, a'. cJ ? ad. sk. 
Para, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll. 

( Wallace). 
b\ c\ J1 $ ad. sk. Bartiea Grove, Brit. GuiSalvin-
Godman Coll. 
ana, Dec, Jan. (H. 
WhitehJ). 

d -</> 6 $ &d. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coil. 
h'. <$ ad. sk. Brazil (Katterer), Salvin-Godman ColL 
£\ h\ $ ad. sk. et S. America. Purchased. 

$ ad. sk. 

I', m\ S 5 a<^ s^


ri. $ ad. sk. 

o', p'. $ ad. et juv. 
sk. 
q', r',/. c? ad. sk.; 

cJimm. etjuv. st. 
t'. d ad. sk 
ur. Ad. sk. 
©'. c? ad. sk. 

w', x'. S 2 ad. sk. 

y'-f". 6 ? ad. 6k. 

g'-k". <$ 2 ad. et 
$ iuv. sk. 

f. Skeleton. 
PBEISTEEID^. 

San Cbristobal, Cuba 

(G. F. Gaumer). 
Guba,Feb. {Wright). 
Cuba, Feb. (Wright). 

Jamaica. 

San Domingo, W, I (Salle). 
San Domingo {Knife). 
La Yiga, San Duiniiiiiu, TV. 

I., Ins. (31. A. Frazai'), 

Puerto Pluta,SanDoniin*fO, 
^Y. L, Dec, Jan. (M. A. 
Frazar). 

St. Vincent, W. L, April-
June; Aug., Xov. (D. jr. 

Smith). 

Grenada, \V. L, Mar.?Mav. 
July (Z>. W. Smith I. 

Salvin-Godm-an Coll. 

Smithsonian Institution 
[P.~. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

Gos-e Coll. 

Salvin-Gudnictn Col!. 
Cumin/ Cull. 
Salvin-Godman Cull. 

Salvin-Godman Cull. 

Sab in-Godman C< *11. 

Sabin-Oodman Coll. 
Purchu-**(1. 

3. Geotrygon martinica. 
? Perdrix de la Martinique, Fruillfi, Jtmrn. ties O/A. phy*. p. 40K 
Pigeon violet de la Martinique, i?/m\ Orn. i. t. 12. i. 1 |L0h; 
D'Aubeut. Ft. Enl. K»i>; l///f. 7//V. AV. Oi#. ii p. ">2") 11771 u 
Columba violacea martinicana, />ms. Orw. L p. 12£t, t. 12. f. 1 

(1700). 
Columba martinica, Linn. S. X. i. p. 2b$, n. 24 {I70OJ f# r FJtkmnj: 
Gm. S. A", i. p. 7K1, n. 24 (excl. var. ^) (17>K); XnM. ZMCI Oriu 

ii. p. ui)->, n. 7 (excl. \ar. |i| (171*0); Vmif. X D. \\\l p. Sii9 
(part.) (1318) ; Denny, P. Z. S. 1&47, p. :ifi 
Martinico Pigeon, .Eatf/i. Syn. ii. 2, p. Olb, n. 7 I 17*>*>). 
Goura martinica, part., Steph. Gen. Zotl. si. p. 1#2 f 1*519). 
Columba cuprea, Wag I. SysL A v. Columba, <p. 70 f 1^27). 
Columba montana, part., Less. CompL de Buff*., Oh. liii. p. 0 

(1887); *<?. op. c#. 2nd ed. p. 270 (lb&*). 
? Peristera martinica, &»/&. AY/t Librn Figeo/ts, p. 20H, pi. 25 (l^So). 
Peristera montana, part., G. Ft. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. S (lb45». 
Peristera euprea, 6% P. GrV. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. lo (1^4-5): -" Rchnb. 

Syn. Ar. f. L4:i0 (1847) {ex Selby). 
Columbamystacea, Lembeye{nee TemmX Ave* de Cuba, p. 70 f 18o0); 

Gundl J. f. 0. 1870, p. 281 
POreopeleia martinicana, Rchnb. Ai\ Syat. Xaf. p. xxv (l£te), 
Geotrygon martinica, SclaL <J- Safa. Nomeiiel. As. Xeutrop. p. lS4f 

n. 12 (1873) (Martinica); Gieb. Then. Orn. ii. p. 257> (1675). 
Columba (Geotrygon) martinica, Bryant. Fr. Bost Soc. Xaf. Mist 
xi. p. 90 (1866). 
Geotrygon montana, Lawr. (nee Linn.) Fr. U.S. Nat, 3£m. i. pp. 67 
(Dominica), 360 (Martinica) (ltt7b); Alien, Bull. Xuii. Orn. 
Club, v. p. 169 (1880) (Santa Lucia) ; Sdat. P. Z. S. 168% p. 305 
(St. Lucia). 

Similar to G. montana9 but larger, with a stronger bill, and of a 

80 . CHSOTEYGOX. 
571 

brighter violet colour, especially on the fore neck and breast. Total 
length about 11 inches, wing 6, tail 3*5, bill 1, tarsus 1*3. 
Female. Bather darker than the continental females of G. montana, 
but not more than those from St. Yincent. 
Hah. Dominica, Martinica, St. Lucia, and probably also Guadeloupe. 


a, b d ad. sk. Dominica, TV. Indies Salvin-Godman Coll. 

(F. A. Ober). 
c, d, e. £ 
o ad. et St. Lucia, March, April. IIoval Society "IV. 
juv. sk. 

4. Geotrygon chrysia. 
Colunihu moLtana, Temtn. § Knip {nee Linn.)) Pig. i. fain, troi*. 

p. 10. pi. 4 fl^K~I0}: ttmm. Pig. et Gallin. !. pp. #£, 492 
(s\n. emend.1 il **!#}: Desm. Dietetic. Xat xxvi. p. 305 (part.) 
|lfc20|; A ad. \nee Linn.I Oru. Bioyr. ii. p. *5b27 pi. cixui. (lt>34): 
Le**. Compl. de Bnff.. Ois. ^tiii. p. 0 (part.) (1N37): id, op. cif. 
2nd fjd. p. 270 I part. | flKh); And. Syn. p. 101 (1600); Xntt 
Man. 2nd wl, I. p. 750 (1^40); And. B.JS, Am. v. p. 14, pi. cclxxxIL 
flskif. 
Zwiaida muntarm, Up. I nee Linn.) Comp. Lid, p. 41 (lKJ8). 

Geotnirun 
murtiuica, Up, (///< Linn.) Con*p. Ac. ii. p. 7*2 {18-14) 
|^\IL ••m**ul. f ; iff. (hntpt.liend.xl. p."220, n. 212 fl*;55j; id. Coup 
{Phil Ordrt Pig. p. •>, n. 212 { 1*55) ; Cab. *V Gandt.J.f.O. Infa, 

p. 10s \Cnbdf; JJrtird* Lint, n. 454 (1&>J: Brurer. Br. Botf.Suv. 
X. II. \ii. p. 007 (Cuba) fl^OO); dirndl, J. f. O. 1H»1, pp. 000, 
410 ; CW\ Ci^ek-Bf, ii. 070 (1S74)* Gimdt.J.f. 0. W4 , pp.290 
(Cuba), 010 (Purto Uieo'rj; id. An. Sue. E*p. Hiht. Sat. vii. 
p. 047 (Wsj; id. J.f.O. Ih7^ pp. 101, IbO; Itidytr. Cat. n.407 
(1N30J; O^ry, i/. Bairn ma hi p. 141 (lbfcO): Maynurd, B. E. X. 
Am. p. 041 (1^1) ; 0>K«*, Check-list X Am. ll 2nd ed. p. '02 
(1&&2>: ///. Key X. Am. Bird*, p. 571 (lN*4); Cory, B. Haiti 
ty San Domingo, p. 10-0 (1*85); id. Liht B. IV. L p. 24 (lbb5); 
A. O. I'. Clteek-lkt X. Am. Birds, p. 182 (1*80); JRidyir. Man. 
X. Am. Birda, p. 210* (1887); Cory, Auk, 1*87, p. 110; id. B. 
JV. I/id. p. 220 (lbH3); 8wtt9 Auk, 1890? p. 00 (Kev West); 
JBendire, Life-Hist X. A. Birds, p. 150 (1*92). 
Geotrvgon chrv>ia. Bp. in Htt.Jide Consp.ii. p. 72 (1*54); id. Compt. 
Beml xL p. W{1*55); id. Coup d>ml Ordre Pig. p. 05 (1855). 
Peristera m\btacea, G. II. Or. {nee Temm.) Liht B. Brit. Mas. 
Columbae/p. 55, specim. a9b (St. Domingo) (^50), 
Oreopeleia martinica, Bp. (nee Linn.) Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 044 
(1550); Baird, B. X. Am. p. 007 (1858); Behnb. Tauben, i. p. 01 
(descr. sed BOB ic. 1402, err. 1401) (1802); GmidL Itepert. Fisico-
XaL Cuba, i. p. 299 (1*60); G. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 242, n.907d 
(1870): Baird, Bretu., $ Itidgw. Hist. X.-Am. B. iii. p. 093 
(1874). 

Columba chrysia, Bunn. Syst. TJeb. Th. Bras., Tog. ii. p. 007 (1850). 
Goura martinica, Schley, (nee Linn.) I)e Dierent. p. 208 (1HJ4). 
Colnmba (Geotrygon) martinica, Bryant (nee Linn.), Pr. Boat. 

Soc. Xat. Hist xl. p. 06 (St. Domingo) (1800). 
Oropeleia martinica. Hein. § Rehniv. (nee Linn.) Xamend. Mm. 
Hein. Orn. p. 28& (1880). 

Adult Forehead brownish red, changing into metallic green 

PEEISTERIDJC. 

with some violet reflections on the crown, occiput, and nape; rest 
of the upper parts cinnamon, with the feathers edged with brilliant 
metallic purple, duller and more golden on the lower back, rump, 
and upper tail-coverts; a band below the eyes and throat white; 
malar stripes reddish brown; lower throat and breast pale vinaceous, 
with a greyish tinge lower down, and changing into whitish 
on the abdomen: axiliars pale reddish : under tail-covert-* whitish, 
very minutely dotted or dusted with brown, and towards the bases 
brown ; wing^ cinnamon, the smaller upper wing-coverts edged with 
brilliant purple, like the back ; primaries brownish on the edges of 
the apical portion ; under wing-coverts cinnamon; tail cinnamon, 
the lateral feather* whitish on the edge^ of the tips, and with 
brown dots near the tip: "• bill red: teet liirht red: iri- light 
brown" (Cory), Total length abjut 11 inches, wing 0. tail 4, 
bill 0-6, tarsus 1. 

Female. Apparently differs from the male in being duller, and 
especially in having a good deal of pale brown on the wixi23. 

Hal. Haiti, Cuba, Bahama^, and Florida Ke w 

a. $ ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Uodoiaii Coll. 
b. 5 ad. sk. Han Domingo. (TUW» {"oil 
e. 5 ad. sk. 
* Zoulotri<\ii Society's Coll. 
5. Greotrygon mystacea. 
Columba mystacea, 
Temm. & Knip, Pit/, i. fam. -H\ p. li*4, pi 50 
(lft08-ll); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. "pp. -JTo, 47'-1 (l^ltli; VieilL 

X.D.xxvl p. &>5 (lhl^); Hkaw, Gm. Znd. xL p. 50 11810); 
VieilL Ene. Meth. L p. 3*1 ilSSl): Demi. Dvi. He. Xat xl. p. 337 
(1826): Wagl Sytt. Ar. Oolumba, «p. m (l*-27>: ILarm\P. Z. 8, 
1834, p. 110; Less. Compl. de Buff., Oh. viii. p. &2 (lh"47f; id. op. 
cit. 2nd ed. p. '2S(> (1*38); Gulliv. P. Z. K 1&44, p. 10: Barm* 
Syst. Ueb. Tk. Bras., V6q. ii. p. 307 (1850); Gulliv. P. Z. & 1875, 
p. 489. 
Peristera mystacea, G. It. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 47t>, n. 13 { 1845) J 
Rchnb. Syn. Av. ColumbariiB, Xoiit. t. 257 h. f. 3^7 {errore, lege 
^ 3382) (1851). 
Geotrygon mystacea, 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 71 (1V>4); id. Chmpt 
Rend. xl. pp. 100 (part, St. Lucia, nee Bogota), 220, n. '207 
(1855); id. Coup tf mil Ordre Pit/, pp. 35 (part. 1,58, n- 207 (1855); 
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 163 ; Bp. Qom/pi. Itend. xliii. p. 943 (l»5tj); 

G. Ii. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 243, n. 9394 (1870); Sclat. R Z. 8. Wl, 
p. 2G7; Sclat. ty Sab. Xomencl Ai\ Xeotrop. p. 134, n. 2 (1B7S|; 
Gieb. Thes. Orw.iL p. 255 (1875); Lairr. Pr. U.S. Sat Mm. L 
p. 487 (1878) (Guadeloupe); Sclat. P. Z.S. 187i), p. 705 (Mtmtserrat); 
Allen, Bull Xutt. Orn. Club, v. p. 160 (18^0) (.Santa 
Lucia); Sclat. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 457 (1883); Con/, £& 
2?. jr. Inrf.p. 24 (1885); id. IMs7 1880, p. 477> (Grande Tern*); id. 
Auk, 1887, p. 117; id. B. W. hid. p. 218 (1889). 
Oreopeleia mystacea, Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 32 (part.), t. 257 b. t 3382 
(1862). 
Starnoenas mystacea, Schley. Mm. P.-B. Columbae, p. 164 (1873) 
(type). 
? Geotrygon sp. inc., Grkdak, Ibis, 1882, pp. 486? 402 (Montr 
serrat). 

30. GEOTRTGOF. 
573 

Adult male. Forehead brownish, shading into brown-green ; hind 
neck and upper back metallic green, becoming bright purple, with 
purple reflections on reaching the back; lower back, rump, upper 
tail-coverts, wing-coverts, Inner secondaries, and tertials olive-
brown : broad malar stripes and middle of the throat whitish; a 
second malar stripe brown; front part of the neck and crop-region 
reddish, with metallic-green and purple reflections; breast light 
vinous, becoming whitish on the middle of the abdomen; sides, 
flanks, and under tail-coverts pale cinnamon, the latter with lighter 
tips ; primary-coverts and primaries cinnamon, with brown apical 
portion ; under wing-coverts cinnamon; tail dark olive-brown, with 
the lateral feathers mostly cinnamon, especially towards the base; 
tail underneath cinnamon, with the tip brown: bill and feet pale 
in dry skins. Total length about 11 inches, wing fro, tail 4* 
bill 0*8, tarsus 1-25. 

Hah. Guadeloupe, Montserrat, Santa Lucia, and Grande Terre. 

A specimen from Guadeloupe, not fully adult, is darker above 
and more brightly cinnamon on the primaries and outer tail-
feathers. 

a. § ad. sk. Guadeloupe, ~SS~. I. (F. A. Ohe?*). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Montserrat, \Y. I. (Sturge). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
6. Geotrygon cristata. 
PCoIumba sylvatica major nigro-cceruleseens, Brown, Jamaica, 
p. 468. 
Columba cristata, Temm. $ Knip (nee Gm.), Pig. i. fam. sec. p. 20 

(excL svn.), pi 0 (1808-11); Temm. Fig. et Gallin. L pp. 108, 

449 (1813) (syn. emend.); Steph. Gen. Zool. si. p. 40 (1819) (syn, 

emend.) ; Desm. Diet Sc. Nat ad. p. 322, n. 33 (1826) (syn. 

emend.); WagL Syst An. Columba, sp. 14 (1827). 

Columba paeifica, Vieill (nee Lath.) N. I}, xxvi. p. 347 (1818) ; Lath 

Hist, of B. viii. p. 44 (part.) (1823); Less. Vompl. de Buff., Ois. 

vili. p. 82 (1837) ; id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 291 (part.) (1838). 

Peristera cristata, G. F. Gr. Gen. B. li. p. 476, n. 14 (1845), App. 

p. 24 (1849); id. List B. Brit. Mvs. Columta3, p. 56 (1856). 
Commbigallhia versicolor, Lafresn. Feu. Zool. 1846, p. 321 (Jamaica), 
Geophaps versicolor, Des Murs, Lconogr. Orn. pi. xlvll. (1847); 
Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbaria, Novit t. 227. ff. 2482-83 (1851). 

Geotrygon sylvatica, Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 316 (1847); id. Jllusir. B. 
of Jam. pL 84 (1849); id. Nat. Soj. in Jam. p. 173 (1851); 
Albrecht, J. f. 0.1862, p. 204; Sclat F. Z. S. 1865, p. 239; Sill, 
Fr. Ac. Nat Sc. Fhilad. 1867, p. 130; Sclat F. Z. S. 1860, 

p. 628; id. List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 458 (1883). 
Peristera sylvatica, G. F. Gr. Gen. B. Index? p. Il l (1849). 
Peristera versicolor, G. F. Gr. Gen. B. Index, p. 115 (1849). 
Geotrygon cristata, Rchnb. Syn. Av. Columbaria^ Novit t. 259. 
f. 2599 (1851); id. Av. Syst Nat p. xxv (1852) ; Bp. Cornp. Av. 
ii. p. 70 (1854); id. Compt Fend. xl. p. 220, n. 204 (1855); id. 
Coup d'ml Ordre Fig. pp. 34,58, n. 204 (1855); id. Compt. Fend. 
xliii. p. 943 (1856); G. F. Gr. Cat B. Trop. JsL p. 43 (1859) j 
Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 33, t. 227. £ 2482-83, t 259. f. 2599 (1862); 
PEBISTER1DJB. 

574 

March. Br. Ac. Sat. Be. Philad. 1863, p. 300: Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, 

p. 130; G. P. Or. Eand-list, ii. p. 243, n. 9391 (1370); &waa, 
ikTws. iVim Lisb. Coluinbte, p. 18 (1873); Sclat. if* iSrr//r. Nompncl. 
Av. Neotrop. p. 134. n. 1 (1873); Gieb. Tkes. Orn. II. p. 254 (1873): 
Salv. Ibis, 1878, p. 448: A. tf E. Newt. Handb. Jam. p. 114 
(1881); Salv. Cat.B.StricK Coll. p. 551 (1882); Cory.LutB. W. 
Ind. p. 24 (1885): id. Auk, 1887, p. 117 ; id. B. W. Ltd. p. 218 
(1889); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 40 (1889); Scott, Auk, 1892, p. 125 
(Jamaica). 
Starncenas cristate, ScMeg. Mus. P.-B. Columbee, p. 104 (1873). 

Adult male. Eorehead blackish grey, shading into olive-brown on 
the vertex and occiput; a broad malar stripe of a dull rufous : also 
the throat tinged with rufous; neck golden green, with purple reflections; 
interscapular region and upper wing-coverts purple-chestnut; 
lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts dark greenish blue with 
some purple reflections : breast dark grey : middle of the abdomen 
pale vinous; sides, flanks, and under tail-coverts chestnut, the 
latter with pale edges; primaries cinnamon, with the tip*, especially 
on the inner webs, greenish black ; secondaries blackish green ; 
under wing-coverts cinnamon ; tail blackish green, underneath 
brown : bill black; feet yellow (in dry skins). Total length about 
11 inches, wing 6*0. tail 4, bill 0*8, tarsus 1*3. 

Young. Duller than the adult, with many dark olive feather** 
among the purple ones of the back and upper wing-coverts; greater 
wing-coverts brown, with rufous edges. 

Hab. Jamaica. 
This species has the frontal feathers rather long and stiff. 


a. Ad, st. Jamaica. ZoologicalColl. 
Sueietv's 
b. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Purchased. 
c. $ ad. sk. St. Ann's, Jamaica, April Salvin-Godinan Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. 
e. Ad. sk. 
/. Juv. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
h. Skeleton. 
(W. T. March). 
Jamaica (Go&se). 
Spanishtown, JamaicaT. March). 
Jamaica. 
( W. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Smithsonian Inst it. 
y.\(toWColl. 
Purchased. 
Zoological Society's 
Coll 
i. Skull. Jamaica. Gosse Coll. 

7. Geotrygon caniceps. 
Columba caniceps, 
Gundl Jowrn. Bast. Soc. Wat Mist. vL p. 315 
(1852); id. J.f. 0.1870, p. 282. 
Geotrygon caniceps, Gundl J.f O. 1856, p. 110; Bp. Gampt. Mend. 

xliii. p. 043 (1850); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 99; Brewer, Br. Bod. 
Soc. Nat. Mist. vii. p. 307 (1800); Gundl. J.f.O. 1861, pp. 330, 
416,1862, p. 189; id. Rep. Fisim-Nat Cuba, I p. 300 (1866); 
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 130; G. P. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 243, n. 9399 
(1870); Sclat. 8? Salv. Nmnencl Av. Neotrop. p. 134, n. 3 (1873); 
Gundl J.f 0.1874, p. 295; Gieb. Tkes. Orn. ii. p. 254 (1875) 
575 

30 . GEOTBYG0X. 
Cory, List B. TV. Ind. p. 24 (1885); id. Auk, 1887, p. 118; id. 

B. W. Lid. p. 219 C1S89). 
Oreopeleia caniceps, Rchnb. Tauben, I. p. 32 (1862), ii. p. 165, Novit. 
t.i. f. 7(1862). 
J/fr7*. Forehead greyish white, gradually changing into dark 
grey on the vertex and occiput; neck dark grey, with green and 
violet reflections : back metallic violet, changing into dark blue 
with purple reflections on the rump and shorter upper tail-coverts; 
the longer ones greyish black with blue-green reflections; throat 
whitish: breast grey; middle of the abdomen reddish white; sides, 
flanks, and under tail-coverts cinnamon, the latter with lighter 
tip4?; wings brown-grey, the wing-coverts with olive-greenish or 
purplish reflections in certain lights; quills greyish brown, with 
the base of the inner webs cinnamon ; the primaries have a narrow 
cinnamon edge on the outer webs ; tail greyish black : " bill horncolour, 
with the basal part dark carmine ; feet dirty reddish white; 
naked skin round the eye* grey, only the edge of the eyelids 
reddish grey; iri& vermilion" (Gtnidlaclt). Total length 10*5 to 
irii inches, wins* 0, tail 3, bill 0*5(5, tarsus 1*26. 

Ft mah. Like the male. 

Hah. Cuba. 

a. Ad. <k. San Cristobal, Cuba. Bahin-Godman Coll. 
8. Geotrygon veraguensis. 
I Teotrygon veraguensis, Later. Ann. Lyc. Js. T. viii. p. 340 (1866) 
(Veraprua) (type examined); Sdaf.fySalv. Exot. Orn. p. 78 (1867); 
tinlv. Ihk9 1*09, p. 817; O. It Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 243, n. 0401 
(1870); Male. Ibiv, 1874, p. 328, pi. xii. (Mineral de Veraguas, 
to the S.E. of the Chiriqui Lagoon); Oitb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 236 
(1875). 

Heotrygon rufiventris, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. K. Y. xi. p. 00 (1874) (Costa 
Rica); Rowley, Orn. Misc. iii. p. 77, pi. xciii. (part, xii., 1878). 

Adult. Forehead and upper part of the cheeks white ; two black 
lines border the white cheeks above and below; vertex grey, 
changing into dull violet-purple with golden reflections on the 
occiput, hind neck, upper part of back, and also on the lower part 
of the cheeks, sides of the neck, and upper breast; throat white, 
with the edges of the feathers more or less tinged with rufous 
brown; lower part of the breast purplish brown; abdomen, vent, 
and flanks brownish rufous; middle of the abdomen whitish with a 
rufous tinge; under tail-coverts brown on the hidden bases, rufous 
at the tip; lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and wings dark 
olive, with a golden lustre; primaries brownish slate-colour; under 
wing-coverts cinnamon, bases of the inner webs of the quills pale 
cinnamon; central tail-feathers dark grey-olive, the lateral ones 
dark grey, with the tips light greyish and a subterminal broad 
band nearly obsolete black: bill black; feet in the dried specimens 

576 
PEBISfEBIDJC. 

of a yellowish-brown colour. Total length about 9 inches, wing 

5-25, tail 3, bill 0-65, tarsus 1-38. 
Hah, Costa Kica, S.E. (Atlantic side) of Yeragua and Panama. 
Some specimens show the white of the forehead and upper part 

of the cheeks tinged with light rufous, and have no grey on the 
vertex ; these are probably females. Mr. Lawrence's description of 

G. veraguensis is taken from a similar specimen. Mr. Salvln and 
myself have examined the type of G. uragntims. which has been 
kindly lent us by Mr. Allen, and there is not the least doubt that 
it is the same as G. rufwtntris. Mr. Salvin's plate of the type of 
G. veraguemis is too greenish on the back and upper wing-covert^ 
and shows too much white on the cheeks, on which there is no 
black line along the middle, under the eyes, that line depending 
upon the arrangement of the feathers which show the black base**. 
The original sketch was taken from the type specimen under glass 
while in Dr. Merritt's possession. 
a. Ad. sk. Montana del Yerniejo, Yeragua Salviii-Godman Coll, 
(Arce). 
b-e. Ad. sk. Yeragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Cull. 
/. c? ad. sk. Aqua Dulce; Panama. Walvm-Gtnlman ('oil. 

9. (reotrygon lawrencei, 
Geotrygon veraguensis, tialv. (nee Later.) P. Z. ti. l*fJ7, p. ]."B 
(Santiago de Yeraguas). 
Geotrygon lawrencii, Sali\ Ibzs3 1874, p. 320 (Yeragua). 

Adult male. Forehead, cheeks, and throat white; two black 
lines, one narrower under the eyes, the other under the cheeks; 
vertex grey, changing into dull green on the occiput and hind part 
of the neck; mantle and edges of the smaller upper wing-coverts 
dark purple; rest of the upper parts dark olive ; breast grey, with 
a slight greenish tinge, especially on the sides ; abdomen white in 
the middle, olive-brown on the sides ; under tail-coverts white, some 
of them grey, especially on the outer webs ; quills slate-grey, 
tertials dark olive like the back* quills underneath dark grey; 
under wing-coverts greyish brown; central tail-feathers dark olive, 
the lateral ones slate-grey, with a pale narrow terminal band: 
" bill black; feet redn (k>aMn). Total length about 10 inches, 
wing 5*6, tail 3-1, bill 055, tarsus 1*6. 

Young. Dark brown, with a black line along the reddish edges 
of the feathers of the upper parts and upper wing-coverts ; some 
green reflections on the hind neck, and a purple tinge on the 
mantle; cheeks and throat whitish; two black lines, one under the 
eyes, the other under the cheeks sufficiently distinct. 
Bab. Pacific side of Yeragua. 

a. Ad. sk. Veragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
b7 ct Ad. et pull. sk. Yeragua (ArcS). Salvin-Godman Coll. ( 
d. 6 
ad. sk. Calobre, veragua {Arci), Salvin-Godman Coll. j 
(Types of species.) 
30 . GE0TBTG0N. 577 
10. Geotrygon costariceusis. 
Geotrvuon eostaricensls. Lmcr. Ann. Life. K. Y. Ix. p. 130 (1868) 
(Co-fa Iiica I: Sate. Ibis, 1889, p. 317; Fronts. J.f. 0.1609, p. 371 ; 
<?. i?. 6V. Hand-lbt. li. p. 248. H. 9400 (1870J; Sclat. 4* *&/u. 
yohitneK A*\ Xeotroj). p. 134 (1873); Salvin, Ibia. 1874, p. 328: 
67*&. 27<ts. O/'/i. ii. p. 2o4(167o;; Hotel. 0m. Misc. Hi. p. 4o, 
pi. lxxxvii. fad. & vouusri fpt. xi., 1677); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1678, 

p. 43; Ilidtpc. PtyU. -\ Xaf. 3fi^. y. pp. 49b, 502 (1862); Zekd**
n* Ad. Mv»t Sac. OMn Hica, 1657. p. 127. 
A>1»lt malt. Forehead, lore-, and anterior part of the cheeks, next 
the lower mandible, white-buif; vertex grey, which gradually merges 
Into the green of the occiput and hind neck ; mantle purple ; rest 
of the upper part* ehe-tnut-piirple; cheeks white, bordered below 
by a black HLC; throat al-o white, changing into grey, tinged with 
green on the lower front neck; breast grey, changing into whitish 
grey on the abdomen and under tall-covert-; side.-* brown; wings 
chestnut-rufoiH. with a alight purple tinge on the edges of the upper 
wing-covert-a; prim iric^ ^late-grey, secondaries with a slight brown-
olive tinge on tb«* eiltre^ of the outer vebs : underside of the wings 
grey, darker un the under winir-eovcris; tail dark grey, the central 
feather- with a f-ll^ht brown tmire. the lateral ones with a narrow 
terminal pul«T bund: kk bill hazt 1-brown; the under mandible 
yelluwLdi at the end; taisi an 1 toe-, yellowish flesh-colour*? (Ltuui'fnct 
). Total length about 1U%"> inches, wing 3mo, tail tf, bill <Hj, 
tai-ftiH 1%>1. 

Yumvj. Like the young birds of the allied species, brown-chestnut, 
paler below, with crescentic black bands; a green patch on the 
nape, 

Eahu Costa lilea. 

a, <S ad. 4i. Candelaria, May. Salvin-Godman Coll. 

11. Creotrygon bonrcieri. 
Geotrvgon boureleri, Bp. 3Iits. Paris; ii. Consp. Av. ii. p. 71 (18o4) 
(Ecuador I: id CmnpL Bend. xl. pp. 101, 220, n. 206 (Isoo) ; id. 
Chit]) (Tail Ordre l*ia. pp. 84, £>8, n. 200 (1855); Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1««0, p. 72; Rcknb. Tauben, I. p. 34 (1802), ii. p. 103 (1662); 
Sefaf.ty Saiv. Exot, Orn. p. 79 (part.) (1887); G. B. G-r. lland-
Bt, li. p. 243, n. 9392 (1670); Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 254 (1875); 
Berl £ Tacz. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 312 ("\V. Ecuador); Tacz. & Berl 

P. Z. & 1885, pp. 09, 111, 123 (W. Ecuador, X. Peru); Tacz. Orn. 
Per. 111. p. 259 (part.), Tables, p. 103 (1886); M 4* Jlchiw, 
Komencl. Mus. Erin. Orn. p. 285 (1889). 
? Geotrvgon frenata, Tacz. (nee Tsck.) P. Z. S. 1880, p. 213 (Cutervo, 

N. Peru). 
Adult male. Upper parts rufous brown; mantle purple, in some 
specimens with a bluish-green lustre; forehead and cheeks vinous, 
changing into grey on the crown and occiput; nape with a purple 
tinge on the edges of the feathers; the vinous cheeks bordered 
below by a black line ; throat white; upper part of the sides of the 

VOL, xxi. 2 p 

578 
TEEISTERIDJE. 

nock grey ; broast palo greyish brown; sides brown?> middle of the 
abdomen whitish; under tail-coverts greyish, very minutely mottled 
with darker points ; wings rufous brown, the smaller upper wing-
coverts slightly edged with purple; primaries dark slate-grey; under 
wing-eovorts greyish brown ; tail brown: "iris yellow; bill black; 
legs in front and toes above red " (Eraser). Total length about 12 
inches, wing 6*1, tail 3*75, bill 0-7, tarsus 1*75. 

Toting. Brown rufous, paler below, with crescentie bands both 
above and below. 
Hah. Ecuador (and N". Peru ?). 
Taezanoweki says that the bird from Cutervo, N. Peru, differs 
from Ecuador specimens in having the plumbeous colour of the 
crown darker, and the reflections of the interscapular region green 
instead of violet-blue. Perhaps it belongs to a distinct species. 

a. Ad. sk. San Jose, Ecuador (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Monji, Ecuador (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
o. Ad. sk. Ecuador (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

12. Greotrygon erytiiropareia. 
Peristera erytiiropareia, G. B. Gr. MSS. in Brit. Mus.; id. List 

B. Brit. Mus. Columbne, p. 56 (185G) (Ecuador, Verreaux's Coll.) ; 
Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 944 (note) (1856). 
Geotrygon 
bourcieri, Sclat. fy 6'alv. (nee Bp. ?) Exot. Orn. p. 79 
(part), pi. xl. (1862); G. 22. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 243, n. 9392 
(part.) (1870); Taess. Orn. Per. iii. p. 259 (part.) (1886). 

Similar to G. bourcieri, but differs in having the forehead and 
eheeks of a much deeper vinous colour, and the grey on the head 
also much darker; altogether it is a darker bird, especially on the 
underparts; the breast is decidedly broivn-grey. 

Hat. Ecuador. 

a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Purchased of Verreaux. 
(Type of species.) 
b. Ad. sk. Jinia, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. d. Juv. sk. itosario, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman ColL 
13. Geotrygon frenata. 
Columba frenata, Tsch. (nee Temm.) Wiegm. Archiv f. Waiurg 
1843, 1, p. 886 (E. Peru); id. Faun. Per., Aves, rm. 45, 278, 

(issm11, (1844"46j; £urm' SVst' Ueb' TK Bras'>

 ^ *• P- 307 
Stamaenas frenata, G. M.\Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 479, n. 3 (1845), App. 

Peristera frenata, Rchnb. Syn. Av. t 1433 (1847). 
Sturncenas (sic) frenata, Zicht. Nomencl. Av. p. 83 (1854) (Peru) 
Geotrygon frenata Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 71 (1854) (syn. emend.): 


td. Compt. Hend xl pp. 100 230, n. 208 (1855) ; & Coup tfJeil 

(1856) ; Sclat. §* Salv. Exot. Orn. p. 79 (1867) j G. H Gr. Hand


30. GEOIRYeoisr. 
Sclat. 6r Salv. Nommcl. Av. Motroy. n 134 (\H7%. ?v>/> 7 V 

 640 (Uoh™> /w* iV'

0r"'
Oreopeleia frenata, Rchnb. Tauben, I. p, 3^, I. 257. f. i [;j;j (1802). 

_iii. P. 257, Tables, p. 103 (l&jf '

Similar to Q. bourcieri, but the vinous colour of tlio forehead and 
cheeks changing not into pure grey, but into greyish vinous on the 
crown and occiput, brighter along the middle part, paler and more 
grey on the sides Total length about 13 inches, wing (1-2, tail 4, 
bill 0-65, tarsus 1-75. & ' 

Young. Similar to that of G. bourcieri. 
Rah. Peru and Bolivia. 
A specimen from Tilotilo, in Bolivia, apparently fully adult, 

has the vinous colour of the head of a much deeper hue, and the 
hind part of the neck decidedly olive, a feature which, according to 
Taezanowski, is distinctive of the female; the underpays are of a 
darker grey. The tarsus is even shorter (1-0 inch) than in two 
adult specimens, one from Peru, the other from Simacu, Bolivia, and 
even than in a young bird from Yuyo, Bolivia ! 


a. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru, March Salvin-Godman Coll. 
{II. Whitely). 
IK Ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
v. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Pro v. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(0. Buckley). 
d. Imm. sk. Yuyo, Bolivia (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
14. G-eotrygon chiriquensis. 
Geotrygon 
ehiriquensis, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1850, p. 143 (Chiriqui, 
Panama), 1858, p. 99; Behnb. Tauben, ii. p. 105 (part.) (1862); 
JSd. Ibis, 1866, p. 121; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 130, 159; Sclat $ 
Salv. Exot. Orn. pp. 123,124, pi. lxii. (1806); Ed. Ibis, 1809, p. 110; 
Salv. Ibis, 1869; pp. 317, 319; Laior, Ami. Lye. N. Y. ix. pp. 148, 
149 (1868); Sab. Ibis, 1870, p. 114; id. P, Z. S. 1870, p. 217 
(Veragua); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 24,°,, n. 9395 (1870) ; Sclat. 
Sc Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. p. 134, n, 4 (1873); Gieb. Then. Orn. 

ii. p. 254 (1875); Boueard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 43 (Costa Rica); 
Zeledon, An. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, p. 127; Pelz. # Bar. 
Ann. Naturli. Sofmus. iii. p. 48 (1888). 
Geotrygon 
cssruleiceps, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 136 (1808) 
(Cervantes, Costa Rica) ; Salv. Ibis, 1869, pp. 317, 319 ( = ehiriquensis) 
; Lawr. L c. p. 148 (1868); Frank*. J.f.O. 1809, p. 371. 

Adult male. Upper parts purple-chestnut, with a slight bluish 
tinge on the mantle; upper parts of the head greyish, changing 
into greenish grey on the occiput and upper nape ; cheeks reddish 
grey, bordered below by a black line; throat pale rufous whitish, 
changing into brown-purple on the breast and sides, paler on the 
abdomen and under tail-coverts; primaries and primary-coverts 
slate-brown; rest of the wing above purple-chestnut like the back; 
under wing-coverts rufous brown; tail above purple-chestnut, below 

2 p 2 

PEKISTEEED-ai. 

brown, the tips of the lateral feathers paler: bill black; feet red* 

Total length about 12 inches, wing 6, tail 4, bill 0-61, tarsus 1-65. 
Female. Similar to the male, only smaller. 
Young birds hare the upper parts brown-ehestmit. with the 

feathers barred with black; the underparts are lighter, with black 
crescentic bands; no grey on the head and no purple on the upper 
parts. 

Hob. Yeragua and Costa Eiea. 

a. <$ ad. sh Castillo, Yersinia (Arce). Salvin-O-r dman Coll 
b, c. $ ad. et Calovevora, Yeragua {Arce). SaMn-Godmsji C< II. 
jur. sk. 
d,e,f. Ad. etjuv. Yeragua (Arrl). Salvir.-Godmtm Coll. 
sk. et ad. ^t. 

g. $ imm.sk. Southern sloje of the Yolcanu SUIUII-GCXIL. an Ci 11 
of CLiriqin {Arce). 
h Imm. sk. Panama. TweecMale Coll. 

15. GeotrygoiL linearis. 
Columba linearis, Pre v.tyEuijt, Py/. li. pi. .>*> il<^i*j 
Colinnbiffallina linearis lVu\ ip. tit. p. 101-11**.Y—Hi). 
Peiistera lineaiis-, G. It. (u\ <im. IJ. App. p. -'4 I lSiH ; iff. £?V U 

iJrif. Mus. Columbie, p. ";ii |1W3J). 

Geotrvaon lineaiL-, Lp. ChU^jj. Ar. ii. p. 71 fls»"Ht: iff. ('* m^t. 
Item?, xh pp. 100, i»20, n. L'OO (l^Tit ; itl C< ?fj>. ^/Ws th-ftrt liu 
pp. iJo, ->, ii. i^OO (1^>J|; *SVM. R Z. \ lsw, ]. H:$: r !(,,. 
Cb»2/;f. I&w/. xlili. j>. it44 (IW ) (Ecuador!): MtiL*' ><>!>, JEW. 
Orn. p. 79 (1 <Sfi7): 6s. Ii. (fr. HantUitK ii. ]. i^:j, n. 1'.V. 'o 11 ^70 j: 
Hou^a, Mus, Kac. Lhb. Cnlumha?, p. lil 11^7-)/; A/////. *>• »Wr 
KomencL Ai\ Xeotrop. p. lo4 (lb7^j|; e7£&. X/« *. 0/7/. ii. p. LW 
(1677)); tfcfrtf. ^ &*&. P. Z. & lb7ll p. ."344 1>X. Ehuzu Antioquia). 


Oreopeleja linearis 
Helinb. Tavheit. 1. p. 3i} (Wdi, ii. p. 1 **.*>. XH '* 
SuppL t. i. f. 0 (WJ2) (ex Enip U 
Starncenas linearis, tichhg. Mas. Payb-Das, ColimJiO , p. WA \IK*>> 

Adult male. Upper parts rufous brown ; mantle purple-bluish ; 
forehead rufous, changing into vinous on the vertex, and into grey 
with a greenish lustre in the middle on the occiput; tin grey colonr 
bounded below hy a whitish-grey band; hind part of' the ueek 
purple-brown ; sides of the head whitish, near the base of the luwer 
mandible rufous ; a blackish line below the cheeks ; throat whitish : 
crop-region dull greyish vinous ; rest of the underparts reddish 
brown, paler, almost whitish, on the middle of the abdomen; v> ingb 
rufous brown like the upper parts, tinged with purple on the 
smaller wing-coverts ; primaries slate-brown, quills greyish, brown 
below ; under wing-coverts brown, the greater ones greyish brown ; 
tail rufous brown, below brown, daiker towards the tip of the 
inner web. Total length about 11 inches, wing G*3, tail 3\ \ 
bill 0-72, tarsus 1-2. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Bab. Colombia. 


30 . GEOTBYGO^. 581 
a. 2 ad. sk.
b. Ad- sk.
c9 d. Ad. st.
e, f. Ad. et JUT.
ML 
g. Ad. sk. 
Santa Elena, Antioquia, I7.S.O.
(T. K. Sdmmi). 
Xew Granada. 
Xew Granada. 
Ebgota. 
Anolaima, W. slope of E. Cordffleivi, 
5000 feet (T. H. 
Salvin-Godman Coll 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Purchased. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
L Ad. *k. Columbia. Purchased. 

1G. Geotrygon venezuelensis. 

Peri-t^ra fr*mati, Jard. iuec Tschudi) Ann. $ Mag. 3T. JET. xx. 
p, :J74 (Tobago) (1^47). 

Geom.nn il^ark Mat. if Salu. (me Free.) P. Z. S, 1870, p. 782 
(Mttridat; 't Ibhi.^r iLefiaw. NwmncL JIus, Hein. Orn. p. 235 
(1^0) | Port J Tab ;lo). 

Geotrvjuu frt*nata, Trhtr. [nee Tschudi) Cat Colt B. p. 40 (Tobajro) 

(i-Vj|. 

^i7Wi£ /^#r/V. Similar to G. linear'u>\ but the grey of the occiput 
confiuul to the titles, and nut extended to the middle part, which 
i^ purpb* vinous: " irK brown-yellow w (Gut ring)* Total length 
all!nit II inches, wini£ 0, tail 4, bill U*Ct tir&us 1*«5. 

/iW. Yenezuvh. 

A -specimen fcrom Tobago, not quite adult, in Canon Tristram's 
Collection, &«iura> to belong to the present species, although it has a 
distinct greenish lustre on the hind neek, wanting in the Venezuela 
bird. 

//. rj ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (A. Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Type of species.) 

17. Geotrygon alMfacies. 
Perntera inexicana? G. R. Gr. List Gallinm Brit. Mvs. p. 15 (1844). 
Peribtera albifaeies, G. It Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. Columbaa, p. 55 

(mm). 

Geutrygon eaniceps, part., Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. pp. 943, 949 (1856). 

Geotrvpron eMrirmensis, Bp. (nee Sclat) Compt. Rendus, xliii. pp. 943 
(Jalapa), 949 (1836); Mat. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 206; Sclat. fy Salu, 
Exot Orn. p. 77, pi. xxxix. (1867). 

Geotrvgon albifacies, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 98 (Jalapa), 1859, 
pp. ""308, 391; Sal*. % Sclat Ibis, 1860, p. 401 (Guatemala); 
JRchrih. Tauben, ii. p. 165 (1862) ; Sclat £ Solo. Exot Orn. pp. 123, 
124 (1808); Ed. Ibis, 1869, p. 110; Salu. Ibi% 1870, p. 114; G. R. 
Gr. KandrUst, ii. p. 243, n. 9396 (1870); Soma, Mm. Nac. Lisb. 
Columbce, p. 19 (1873); Sclat. 8r Sah\ Nomencl. Av. Neotrop* 

p. 134, n. 8 (1873) ; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 234 (1875); Sicmkhr. 
Naturalesa, v. p. 232, n. 35 (1881); Ridgw. Man. W. Am. B. 
p. 217 (1887); JSein. &r Rchmo. Womend. Mm. Hem. Orn. p. 285 
(1889) ; Salv. Ibis, 1892, p. 328 (Nicaragua). 
Starnoenas albifacies, Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Uolumke, p. 164 (1873). 

Adult Forehead whitish, changing into grey on the vertex and 

582 
PBBISTEEIDJE. 

on the sides of the occiput; middle of the occiput greenish "bronze; 

upper parts biwn-chestnut with purple reflections; mantle with 

purple-blue reflections ; sides of the head and throat of a whitish-

fawn colour, changing into rnfons brown on the breast: on the 

sides of the neck the dark or blackish sides of the base of the 

feathers show through in more or less regular lines: abdomen. 

vent, and under tail-coverts rnfons; quills, bastard-wing, and 

primary-coverts dark brown ; under wing-eoverts brown, edged with 

brown-chestnut; tail above like the upper parK the tip- of the 

lateral feathers lighter; tail below brown, rufous about the middle, 

and paler at the tip : bill black, feet reddish. Total length about 

11-5 inches, wing 6*25, tail 3-fc, bill O-bU tarsus 1*0. 

Female. Similar to the male, only smaller. 

Hah. Nicaragua, Guatemala, and Southern Mexico, north to 

Mirador. 

The Mexican birds are much more grey on the occiput, where 

the median patch, instead of being golden purple, i* purple-irrey ; 

the transition is so gradual, that I have not been able to separate 

the two forms. 

a. Ad. sk. Jalapa, S. Mexico. Th> Ora X\~. 
b. Ad.sk. Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). SalYiu-fmdimm Coll. 
c. d, e. $ 
5 ad. Coatepec, Jalapa, Xo\. (J/. jSalviii-Gudiiian Cull. 
et j uv. sk. Trvjillo). 
f. Aci.sk. Coatepec, Xov. (J. Brook*). ^ith'm-ihAiiMi Cull. 
ff~h <$ ad, et Coatepec, Aug., Sept. iF. >Sahiu-Go<iin*tn Coll, 
juv. sk. Frrrari-JPt rcz). 
l,m,n. 
$ ad. et Misaiitla, Mexico, June. Sahln-Goilman ColL 
5 juv. sk. 


o. Pull. sk. 
Chilpancingu (4000 ft), State Salvin-G*xlniaii ColL 
of Guerrero, Mexico, July 
(D. Jf. Smith). 
p. 
Ad.sk. Mexico. I'urcha-HtL 
(Type of species and of Peri*trrf/ }/&.* irana, Ch\) 
q, r. 3 2 
&&• s^-^i e ^e *a* Cuesta, San Marcos, Salvin-Crodiaan Coll. 
Guatemala, Nov. (W. B. 
BickarchtM). 

8. 2 ad. sk. San Martin. Guatemala, Oct. Salvin-Gf dman Coll. 
(W. B. Mkhardhon f. 
t9 u. <y J ad. sk. El Rincon, San Marcos. Salvin-Godnjan ColL 
Guatemala, Oct. (jr. B. 
Richardson f. 

v. $ ad. sk. Atitlan, Guatemala, Dec. Salvin-Gortman Coll. 
(W. B. llichardxon). 
w. Ad. sk. Savanna Grande, Pacific Salvin-f rodman Coll. 
slope of Guatemala, Sept. 
(0. &&F.&. G.). 
x~b\ S $ ad. et Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman ColL 
juv. sk. (0. 8.), 
c'. Ad. sk. Tolcan de Fuego, Guatemala, Tweeddale ColL 
Nov. (O. &). 

dr 

. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz, Jan. Safrin-Godman ColL 

(0. &). 
e'. Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sah in-Godman ColL 
31 . 
PHLOGOTAS. 
/ .
{/. 
$ ad, sk. 
Ad. sk. 
Matagalpa, Nicaragua,
(IV. B. Biehavdxon). 
San llafael del Norte, Nra^na, March (W. 
Sept.
ieaB. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Richardson). 

31. 
PHLOGGENAS. 
Typo. 
Phlegoenas, Rchnb. Si/n. Av. Columbaria}, Novit. 

t. 227. £ 2470 (1851); id. Av. tiyst. Nat. p. xxv 
(1852) p, luzonica. 
Pampusana, " Bp." Pucker. Voy. Pole Sad, iii. 
Ois. p. 118 (1853); Bp. Co?isp. Av. ii. p. 89 
(1854) P, pampusan. 

Pklogronas, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 88 (1854). 
Pampusan, Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 947 (1850) . P. erytkroptera. 
Phlogoonas, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 300; 1805, 

p. 238. 
Range. Malay Archipelago (from the Philippines on the north to 
Wetter, of the Timor Group, on the south, and to the Solomon 
Islands on the east) and Polynesia. 

Key to the JSpeeies. 

a. A patch of feathers with long and stiff barbs 
on the middle of the crop-region. 
a'. Stiff featkers on the middle of the crop-
region red or orange. 
a". Forehead and crown grey; abdomen 
white, slightly washed with red luzonica, p. 585. 
b". Forehead, like the rest of the upper part 
of the head, metallic green. 
a'". Stiff feathers of the crop-region very 
long, of a blood-red colour; breast and 
abdomen fawn-colour „,.. crinigera, p. 587. 

b'". Stiff feathers of the crop-region short 
and of an orange colour; breast and 
abdomen white; only the anterior 
smaller and median upper wing-coverts 
grey platente, p. 588. 

b'. Stiff featkers on the middle of the crop-
region ockreous reddihk; wings chestnut, 
with four grey bands at the tip of the 
coverts. 

c". Sides of the crown and occiput with a grey 
band rvtfigula, p. 588. 

d". 
Sides of the crown and occinut uniform 
witk tke rest of tke head, witk no grey 
bands hehwentris, p. 590. 

b. No patch of stiff feathers on the middle of the 
crop-region j wings with no distinct bands. 
c'. Forehead yellow; crown and occiput 
metallic green. 
e". A complete purple nuchal band; 4 or 
5 central pairs of rectrices uniform 
olive-brown, the outer 3 or 2 pairs 
olive-brown, tipped with grey tristigma, p. 590. 

584 PEBISTEEIB2B. 

/". Two purple spots on the sides of the 
neck, just below the occiput, leaving 
the intervening part of the nape^ 
metallic green; 4 central feathers of 
the tail brown, next pair grey with a 
brown subapical band, and the 4 outer 
pairs grey with a black subapical 
band • •.. Mmacuhiff, p. 591. 

df. Forehead not yellow. 
g". Head and "hind neck of a light grey 
(first quill attenuated at the tip) JtoecHi. p. oU-Jt 
h". Head and hind neck not of a light 
grey. 


e'". Smaller : wing 4*7 inches to 4*2; 
anterior part of the head, like the 
anterior part and sides of the neck 
and breast, grey. 


aK Occiput and hind neck cinnamon .. eatdft'uu** p. ZU-J. 
bL. Occiput and hind neck not cinnamon, 
but dark olive. 
a\ Upper parts lik* the hind neck, 
dark bronze ulhe Urcerr". * , -'M. 

¥\ Upper parts ulhe bronzy chf-tntit, 
more or le-u wiili a purple 
gh>s. 

ah. Grey colour < f the lit\A} thro it, 
and brea-t much jaln*, ulnju*t 
whitish < n tL<» latter jtthrat * , p, <?-4. 

//J. Grey colour uf \WAA< throat, and 
breast m y dark", H*aroly pal**r 
on the lower part i *!* thtj kilter; 
upper pait«» of a rit-li i hocolat*', 
washed with puipl**. ........ ymnt \ p. 34, 

dn\ Larger: wing U'2 inches to »*}**> 
inches. 


cl. Forehead vinous rufou*. 
c\ Occipital patch -late-grey, with 
a greenish lustre; lower part 
of the pectoral unoiiv-niluti** 
shield whitish; female with the 
back and wings distinctly olive-
brown \ tttairi, p, TMo, 

d5* Occipital patch dusky chocolate-
brown, not slate-grey, and with 
no greenish lustre; lower part 
of the pectoral vinoiw-rufoiia 
shield scarcely whitish ; female 
with the bacfi and wingd chocolate 
- brown ; rufous - cinnamon 
colour of the head, neck, and 
breast much darker than in P. 


stairi $ samoensis, p. 506. 
d*. Forehead black hi the middle ..... . tmrgarita, p. M7» 
e4. Forehead white. 

e5. Crown, occiput, and nape not 
rusty isabelline. 


31 . 
PBiGGKESAS, 
585 

c . Back as well as the scapulars 
and upper wing-coverts of a 
very true purple-violet; occiput 
and hind neck slate-
rrey kubaryi, p. 599. 
d . Back 2T6}i-li "brown ; only tlie 
upper mantle with a purplevifdet 
tiDire. 
a. 
Cr jwn, t eeiput, and kind 
neek black \'r) (Latham), or 
sdate-srey (*• ciuereu-fu^cis/' 
Djfdir) erythroptera, p. 600, 
fi. C'luwn, occiput? and kind 
iiK-k like the rest of tlie 
h*-ud and neck, and also 
tke brea-t, white alMcollis, p. 601. 

/". 
Crown, occiput, and nape rusty 
wibelline. 


r . Un lerpart- brown-black pampusan, p. 602. 
f . Underpaid grey-black drgo, p. 604. 
1. Phlogceaas luzonica. 
Tourt* r»'Ib* irriUe Hn-un/l»-nt«'e de Tide de Lucon, Sonner. Voy. 

S*M 
\ (imn, p. o'J, ]il. 21 (1776). 

Iled-hr>'.i-t«d Tm'tb\ Lrtih. St/n. ii. 2, p. 057, n. 50 (1783). 

U«duuiki luz »!ilc.i? Stop. iJfi. Flor. et Faun. Inmbr. p. 04, n. 92 

(l7H*ty {tx Swintr.). 

Columba 
cruenta, Gm. S. S. L 2, p. 7fe5, n. 60 (17tS); Lath. Lid. 
Or//, ii. p. <Jll, n. 05 (1790) ; Bonn. Tabl Enc. Metk p. 250 
(171*0); Temm. $• Km'p, Fir/. i. lam. trois. p. 16, pi. 8 (1808-11) ; 
Tern*. Fir/, et Gallin. p. 494 (1813); Vieill S. B. xxvi. p. 403 
(1*1 N ; ii'aqL Syst Av. Columba, sp. 73 (1827) ; Less. Tr. d'Orn. 

p. 474 (lfc31). 
Columba eruentata, a Lathy (errors), Temm. Fig. i. fam. trois. p. 16 
{in s\n.) (1^08-11); id. Fig. et Gallin. i. p. 407 (1813); Beam, 
Diet Sc. Sat. xl. p. 306 (1826); Less. Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. 

p. 13 (1837): id. op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 273 (1838). 
Goura cruenta, Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 128 (1819). 
Red-breasted Pigeon, Lath. Gen. Hist. viii. p. 90 (1823). 
Catenas cruenta,-Strickl. F. Z. S. 1842, p. 168; Cab.fideBp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 88. 
Catenas luzonica, G. It Gr. List Gallince Brit. Mus. p. 18 (1844) ; 
id. Gen. B. ii. p. 478, n. 3 (1845). 
Phleffcenas luzonica, Fehnb. Syn. Av. Columbariae, Sovit. t. 227. 

f. 2479 (1851): Wall. Ibis, 1805, pp. 392, 399 ; id.J.f. 0.1860, 
p. 283, n. 104; G. 22. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 246, n. 9442 (1870); 
Schleg. Mus. F.-B. Columbae, p. 157 (1873); Tristr. Cat. Coll B. 
p. 41 (1889). 
PMeffoenas cruenta, Behnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852); Bp. 
Compt Mend. xl. pp. 206, 221, n. 262 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil 
Ordre Fig. pp. 45, 59, n. 262 (1855); Fclmb. Tauben, i. p. 40 
(1862). 

Phlegaenas cruenta, 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 88 (1854); Soma, Mus. 
Sac. Lkb. Columbse, p. 22 (1873). 

586 PEEISTBEID^. 

Caloenas luzonica, G. U. Gr. List B. Brit. Mas. Colunihse, p. 63 
(1856). 
PMogcenas cruenta, Sclat P. Z. S. 1861, p. S06? 1863, p. 877: 
Gould, B. Asia, vi. pi. 51 (pt. xviii., 1866); Svndev. Tentamm, 

p. 100 (1872); Eartei-t, Eat. Vogehamml p. 189 (1801). 
Caloenas (Phlegajnas) cruenta, Mart, J.f.O. 1866, p. 25. 
Phlogoenas luzonica, Wald. Tr. ZooL Sue. viii. p. 29 note (1872), 
xx. pp. 221, 251 (1875) ; 8harpi% Tr. Linn. Sac, ZooL i. p. 848 
(1870) : Ticeedd. P. Z. S. Ib77, p. 700 (Monte Albdn); id. Orn. 
Works, pp. 133, 3-4, 412, 525 (IfcSl) ; WanJI. Hams. Ttceedd. 
Orn. Work*, p. 650 (18bl); ^//'. Orf. B. Stricltf. Cull. p. 552 
(1882); Steere, List, p. 24, n. 300 (1-00J (Luzon). 
PHosroeiiab eruentata, Garrod, P. Z. >V. Ib73, pp. 468, 639, 1574, 

p. "250; Wageafuhr,J.f.O. 1870, p. 334; &?//-/*. Z*V H/f. .4//. 
8th eel. p. 461 (lbb3); &2/2. «i* lichiw. SontcacL Mvs. Ht-iu, Orn. 
p. 286 (lfe90). 
Plilogcenah cruentatu*. Cab. J.f.O. 1875, p. l'2C>. 
Phaph cruenta, Gleh. The*. Or a. ill. p. el) (ib77). 
Tar. album. 

Tourterelle blanche en-anirlentee de lisle de Lucon, Srmner. Voy. 
Xour. Guin. p. 51, pi.'20{1776}. 
Columba nivea, ticop. Del. Ftor. H Frwti. Luuhr. p. 04, n, 01 (17b0? 

(ex Conner.). 
Sanguine Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 657, u. 57 (17b3). 
Coliimba ^aiitrtiinea, dm. *V. 3* i. 2, p. 7K5. n. 65 (17fc*j: Lath, hid. 

Om. ii. p.'611, w. 06 (17i»0|: Bonn. Tahl. Em. Meth. p. 23 f 
(1796); HW//. X 1). xwi. p. 400 j W*j. ^ 

Columba cruenta, \ar.„ Ttmm. &m A*>«)>, i\//. I. fain, truib. p. 17, pi. O 
(lbOb-11) ; Ttmm. Ply. ef GaJIi/i. i. p. 404 (lbl3); Wagl. *S>/tf. 
Ai\ Columba, sp. 73 (\ar. a) (lfc27); Rchnb. tiyn. At\ f. 1265 
(1847). 

Columba cruentata, var., Temm. Piy. et Galhn. i. p. 410 (1^13). 
Goura cruenta, var. \%titeph.Gen. ZooL \l. p. 12b (1&19). 

Adult male, forehead and crown delicate grey ; occiput, nape, 
back, bcapulars, smaller wing-coverts and sides* of the breast dark 
grey, with the edges of the feathers metallic purple, changing in 
some lights into metallic green ; lower back and runrp duller *. 
upper tail-coverts brown slate-colour: cheeks, throat, and breast 
white, on the middle of the breast a large patch of blood-red, the 
feathers long, stiff, and decomposed.: lower part of the bides of the 
breast grey; lower breast white with a pinkish-red tinge; rest of 
the Tinderparts buff, almost white on the middle of the abdomen ; 
median and greater wing-coverts grey at the tip, brown-chestnut at 
the base, so that on the wing appear three grey bands produced by 
the tips of the wing-coverts and three chestnut bands produced by 
the base of the same; quills reddish brown, with the base of the 
inner webs cinnamon, like the under wing-coverts; two middle 
tail-feathers greyish brown like the upper tail-coverts, the remainder 
grey, with a subapical black band and lighter grey tips: irides 
dark brown; bill blackish brown; nostrils grey; tarsi and feet 
purplish red. Total length about 10 inches, wing o*7o, tail 8*75, 
bill 0-66, tarsus 1*4. 

31 . PHXOGCEN-AS. 
587 

Female. Similar to the male, only a little smaller. 
Hah. Luzon, Philippines. 
This bird is said by Buzeta to occur also in the Calamines or 

Calamians Islands (ef. v. .Martens, J. f. 0. 1866, p. 25), but 
specimens from those islands hare not been identified. 

a. Ad. st.
b. S a&*s^* 
Philippine Is. 
Luzon, Jan. (Br. A. B. 
Purchased. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Meyer). 
c. Ad. sk.
d. e. S S a<3-s^« 
Manilla (Maitland-Heriot). 
Monte A loan, Feb., March 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
f. Ad. sk.
(A. H. Everett), 
Indian Archipelago. Baron Laugier Coll. 

2. Phlogoenas crinigera. 
Peristere erinigere, Homb. £ Jaeq. Voy. Pole Sud, Atlas, pi. 27. f. 2 

(1&45) (type examined). 
Calcenas (crinigere), G. R. Gr. Gen. B., App. p. 24 (1849). 
Peri&tera crinigera, part., Rcknb. Syn. Av. Columbaiise, Novit. t. 259. 

f. 2397 {nee 2590) (1S51). 
Pampusana criniger, Pucker. Sf Jaeq. Voy, Pole Sud, iii. Ots. p. 118 
(lfeo3) (Sooloi/lsL); Hartl. J.f. 0. 1854, p. 166. 
Phlegcenas criniger, Up. Consp. Av. ii. p. 88 (1854). 
Phlegftjnas criniger, Bp. Compt. Rend, xl. pp. 206, 221, n. 264 

(lb55); id. Coup cTcnl Ordre I%.pp. 45,59, n. 264 (1835) ; Rcknb. 
Tauben, i. p. 40, t. 249. f. 2597 (err. 2390, quse Ph. rufigula) (1802); 
Wall Ibis, lfc(53, pp. 392, 400; G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 246 

n. 9443 (1870). 
Phlogoenas bartletti, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 377, pi. xxxiv., 1865; 
p. 238. 
Phlogoenas crinigera, Sclat P. Z. S. 1865, p. 239; Gould, B. of As. 
vi. pi. 52 (pt. xviii., 1866); Sclat. P.Z.S. 1869, p. 628; Garrod, 
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 250; Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 817,833 (Placer), 
1878, p. 952 (Zamboanga); id. Orn. Works, pp. 544, 559, 643 
(1881) j Wardl Rams. Tweedd. Orn. Works, p. 659, n. 289 
(Mindanao) (1881); Sclat List Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 461 (1883) ; 
Steere, List, p. 24 (1890) (Mindanao, Basilan). 
Phlegoenas 
crinigera, Wall. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 284, n. 105; Tristr. 
Cat. Coll. B. p. 41 (1879). 
Phaps crinigera, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 89 (1877). 

Adult male. Head, upper part of the cheeks, hind part and sides 
of the neck, and mantle dark metallic green, changing into purple-
chestnut on the back, scapulars, rump, and upper tail-coverts, the 
feathers of these parts more or less with amethystine edges; throat 
pure white; on the crop-region a broad patch of long, stiff, and 
hairy feathers of a dark red; remainder of the underparts buffy 
brown, paler on the under tail-coverts, nearly white on the middle 
of the abdomen; smaller upper wing-coverts grey, edged with 
metallic bronze-green; the remainder of upper wing-coverts brown-
chestnut, broadly tipped with grey, but while on the median ones 

the brown-chestnut bases are almost hidden, the greater have only 
small grey spots at the tip, so that a broad chestnut band appears on 
the wing; primaries brown ; secondaries chestnut; central rectrices 

588 
PEEISTEEIB^. 

brown-chestnut, the lateral ones grey, with a broad subapieal black 

band: " iris brown; bill black: legs dull carmine"' {Everett)* 

Total length about 
11 inches, wing 6-8, tail 4, bill 0*75, tarsus 

15. 
Female. Similar to the male. 
Young. Duller; the red patch on the crop-region partly ochreous, 
and the greater upper wing-coverts tipped with ochreous buif. 
Hah, Mindanao, Ba^ilan, and Sulu Island (*?}. 

a. 
£ ad. *k. Placer, July {A. H. Tweeddale CJIL 
Eierf'tf i. 
f. 
$ J ad. et 3 Zanib dU2 i. Maivli, Tweeddale Cull. 
imia. sk. April f A.JE.Eterett). 
(j. Ad. til. 
Gould Cull. (Probable 
typi of Ph. hartI* tti, Sclat.) 
ft. L Juv. et pull. st. Zool. Sue. Coll. 

3. Phlogcenas platens. 
PhWcenas 
rrini-M, Uarttrt {arc Pireh. 4* Jficy.), J. f. O. 1691, 
pp. o()0, JyJ 1 -Mi.idoiN>). 
Phb^Kia^ platen e, Bins, in Hit.; llartert, J.f. 0. 1-01, p. 302 
{de-er. nulla). 

Adult tiiah (type). Upper part of head and mpe dirk metallic 
green, with amethy-t reiln tiuii">; ioreheacl somewhat cm } I4i : bai k, 
^capillars, and inner upper wing-cuvert** cLu^tnut, with the * climes 
ot the feather* im t illk unetli} 4 ; rump the Mine, but clulh r ; lunger 
upper tail-ewez N and tail grey; throat, cheeks client, audumen, 
aul under tail-eovtrfc> white; on the mid lie of the crop-region an 
ormge patch, being the sthi tip-» of the feather* of tint c dour; 
sidet> of the breast bronze-green, with amethy&t relief*thras ; sides 
buff; under fill-coverts with a slight hutf tinge; the anterior upper 
wing-eovert-> broadly tipped with light grey ; also the medi in wmgcoverts 
have triangular grey .spot* at the tip : quilL brown, with 
the inner webs partly cinn imou; under wing-coverts and axillars 
cinnamon; lateral tail-feathers of a lighter grey than the central 
ones, and with a broad subapieal black bind : *w bill grey-blue, with 
the base blue-black; in* violet-red; feet cherry-red" 1 Phitni)* 
Total length aboat 11*5 inches, wing 5-0, tail 4, bill U*7o* tar&us 
1*3. (Aim. Braunschweig.) 

Feniale. Similar to the male, but slightly smaller. {Mm. 
Braiuwchmig.) 

Htib. Mindoro, Philippines. 

1 have to thank Dr. W. Blasius for baring lent me for description 
the types of this species ; also Canon Tristram has &ent me one of 
the typical specimens. 

4. Phlogcenas rnfigiila. 
Peristere a gorge rou**se, Kombr. 4* Jacq. Voy. Pole Sud7 Atlas, pi. 27* 
f. 1 (inaccurate) (184-3). 
Calcenas {h gorge rousse), G. R. Gr. Gen. B.9 App. p. 'M ft849). 
31. raxoecEXAs. 
Peiistera crinlgera. part., Bchib. Syn. Av. CohmibariaB, Novit. t. 259 

f. 2590 {mc'imri (1851). 
Peristeia rufiifula, Tucker. $ Jacq. Toy. Pole Sud, ili, Ois. p. 118 
(descr. nulla) (1653); Earth J.f. 0. 1854, p. 160. 
Phlegienas rufigula, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 89 (1854). 
Phleg&nas rufigula, Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 206,221, n. 265 (1855); 

id. Covp d'rtil Ordrt Fir/, pp. 45, 59, n. 265 (1855) ; Bchib. Tauhen, 

1. p. 41, t. 259. f. 2596 (nee 2597, quss P/z. criniyera) (1862); 
Jfo/se/zk X T. X J. xxv. p. 250, n. 240 (1863); ztf. J. f. 0. 1864, 
p. 133, n. 240; Wall. Ibis, 1865, pp. :m, 400, n. 107 {id, J. f. O. 
lbUtf, p. 2^4, n. 107; G. B. Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 247, n. 9444 
(part.j tl^ru); Sckleg. Mvs. P.-B. CulumLse, p. 157 (1873); 
l&let. P. Z. & 1^73, p. 69b; Meytr, Mitth. Zool. Mus. Dr&d. i. 
p. 11 (IN5); lirjynk Malay. Archip. p. 561 (1^78); Tristr. Cat. 
Co1LB.y.4HlS*9). 
Calfttna- ruiigula, G. B. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 196; id. Cat. B. Neiv 
Guitt. pp. 49, 111 (1^59); id. P. Z. S. 1601, p. 438 ; Finsch, KeuGm'n. 
p. 1711 f 1^*5). 

Phi ga-na* mfuiLd, halcad. Ann. 3Iits. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 791 (1875), 

ix. p. 21)5, n."75 qait.) (1870), x. p. 100 (1877; ; D'Alb. Ktiova 
Guitt. p. 5^2 (l^Oi: tihotpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. x\i. p. 446 
(1—'J); hfdiad. Dm. Bap. e 3L,l. iii. ]jp. 161, 561 (part.) (1882); 
Br/ni^. Br. Linn, *W, X #. W. Vm. p. 15 (1^83); Guillem.P.Z. #. 
3 W>, p. 662 \ "-alawattlj ; Halntd. Mem. B. Ac. So. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. <j.J \Arnj. Orn. Baj. e MoL p.^9) (IbUl). 
Pimp* rutL'iiIa, (rUh. Tht*.. Orn. ill. p. 90 (<«yn. emend.) (1877). 
? Cluilcupluij * hehrmitii-*, Bams, (ate Bosenh.) Br. Linn. Soe. 
X & W. i\, p. 470 ( 1N9 ) (8.E. Xew Guinea, Goldie). 
Adit it utnh. Forehead and crown buif-rufous, paler on the former; 
occiput, nape, upper back, sides of the neck and of the tipper 
breast purple-gre\ Kb ; rest of the upper parts vinous chestnut; a 
grey band from above the eyes along the sides of the occiput; 
cheeks pale vinous; throat, breast, and middle of the abdomen 
white ; on the middle of the breast a yellow-ochreous patch, with 
the barbs of the feathers long and stiff; flanks and under tail-
coverts buff; upper wing-coverts chestnut, with the tips grey, 
producing four grey bands on the wing-coverts* primaries brown, 
with narrow rufous outer edges ; secondaries rufous brown; quills 
underneath grey ; under wing-coverts brown, with buff or whitish 
tips; tail chestnut, two central feathers uniform, the lateral ones 
with grey tips, the two or three outer pairs grey also towards the 
base: " bill brown; feet dark purple; iris black" (IPAlbertis). 
Total length about 0*5 inches, wing 54, tail 3-25, bill 0*6, tarsus 
1*37. 
Female. Similar to the male. 
Toifur/. Patch on the middle of the breast ochreous; bands across 
wings rufous instead of grey. 
Bab. New Guinea, with the KW. Papuan Islands—"Waigiou, 
Salawatti, llysol, and Jobi. 

a. Ad. sk. Salawatti. 
Salvin-G-odman Coll. 
h. Ad. sk. Mysol. 
Purchased. 
c. 
<$ juv. sk. Mambrioc, N.W. New Guinea, Salvin-Godman Coll, 
April. 
590 PERISTEKIDiB. 
d. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts., June (A. GoMtef. TVeeddale CoIL 
e. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. A. Goldie, Esq. fCT. 
/ . Ad. sk. Astrolabe MK Dr. Romilly jPf. 
#. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Port Moresby^ . Salvin-Godman Coll, 
Goldie). 
h. Ad. sk. S.E. Xew Guinea (-at. Goldie). Salvhi-Gu&man Coil. 

5. PMogceuas helviveiitris. 
Peristera 
rufigiila, Schley, \ttec Furher. & Jacq.) X. T. D. iii. p. 345 
(Izijij) ; Ilo^eah. JReia nanr ZdidotMtrnl p. 124 (1^071. 
Ptilopu-('> hthne-atii-, llwab. X T.X.I, wix. p. 144 /1^)7); 
id. ItciN nraw Zindijjyterdl. pp. 30. 124 (X^u7f; &«&. 77Vs. Orn. 

iii. p. oO*4 (lb77j; hah art Ann. Mm. Cit. Gui. ix. p. 200 Inott4) 
(1^70). 
Phleso uas ruricula. part., G, IL Gr. Hand-L'<t, ii. p. 247? 11. 0444 
11-70). 
Phl< licen^ rtifi-rola, part.. Sal fad. Ana J///?. Ci . 6-^ , i\ p. 203, 

u. 7*5 (<pw:iiii. num Am I.J f WO); lio^tnh. M^mj. Aichip.^. #72 
(P\T^) : Salcad. Orn. Pty. *> Mol. iii. p. 301 (l-xf/. 
PlilojXfbna- hehhi utri>, 1) Arb. wV Stdcrtd. .inn. M»>. Cu. Qui. xiv. 

p. 122 (W.h; I)\Vb. Xuuirr Gttin. p. 3 ^ flHHjj ; A/// •/</. O///. 
!*</>.<' 3JV. III. p. 1IU |l**2j: Fiwh cy Mnjti\ Z*>**<1tr. f. //t», 
O/v*. l^N}. p. 2* (ll.i-t-lo* JuUJue ; Mr\a*l Man. It. lie.'tic. 
Tor. 12) xlii. p. H] u!////. Or//, liy . * 3iW. p. ]*.h (lHi>l|. 
PLp-ruIi^ula, part, frith. Ihr*. Orn. iii. p. JKJ fl^77|. 

similar to 7-7*. mfffvla, but the grey band on the bides of the 
occiput is absent. 
JM . Am Inlands and Southern Xew Guinea, along the Fly 
River (and also the Horseshoe Eange ?). 

a. Ad.sk. 3^'^c^0lL] 
Purchased. 
0. Phlogcenas tristigma. 
Columba tii-ti/mat t, Ft nun. JiVs. Lwjd. {Tundano. ("Vlebt-s,, mule 
Piilnrtenas tri^tiginata, Dp. G n»p. A>\ ii. p. **> il^'A). 
PluVeoenab trkti^mat 1. JJp. ( umpt. llntd. xl. pp. 2U7, 221, n. 2<»;j 

(lb->J); id. Coup (Foil Ordre 1%. pp. 43, 30, 11. 2f>j{ lb33); JJ7/#. 
jfe, 1HX). p. 142 (X. Celebe*), 1^)3, pp. #03. 400, pi. 0 fr) : id. 

J. f. O. 1H30, p. 2^4; 2//. 3/«r/f///. -i/v/ii>. i. p. 41:j f l^Of ; G. It. 
Gr. Hand-list. ii. p. 247. n. 944-5 (1^70); Sfkieg. Mus. R-B. 
Colmnk-e, p. lo^ (lfc7^); Ibwuh. Malay. Archip. p. 273 (1S79J. 
Phlegceuas tristijmiatiea, Hthnh. Taitlwa, i. p. 40 (1^02j. 
Goura tri^tii»mata. tichhg. De Dierent. tiff. p. 200 (1^04). 
Carpophaffa (!) trii<ti<rma, Ftn^h, Xeu-Guin. p. 17tt(J*075). 
Phlogreoas tristi<rinata, 7F«/f/. 2V. /foo/. &c. viii. p. ^111H72 f; Grmld, 


B. of Ami, \i. pi. OU (pt. XXT., 1»7#); 3/«/^r, Ito, ^70, p. 137 
(Gorontalo); jHie/w. 4* llchuc. XomencL Mm. IFem, Orn. p. 2b7 
(1890J. 
Phaps tribtigmata, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 91 (lb/7). 

JtZtcZ^ //iaZe. Forehead yellow, crown and occiput metallic green ; 
below the occiput a transverse purple-violet band; hind neck grey, 

31 . PBXOGIZSAS. 
591 

with tlie edges of the feather* coppery amethystine ; rest of the upper 
parrs olive-brown, inclining to rn-^et on the wings, upper tail-coverts, 
and upper surface of the tail; cheeks and throat grey, the latter 
paler : crop-resion grey, with a wa-h of yellowish olive ; hreastpale 
yellow, changing into wliiri-h on the middle of the abdomen; side3 
and Hanks brown; under tail-coverts white, with the edges olive-
brown ; primaries greyish brown; secondaries olive-brown with a 
tinse of russet; under wintr-euvert* dirk olive-brown, with the tips 
fulvous, the lunger ont^ white, with brown ba*>to ; axillars brown, 
with light oelireoip tip*; the four or hve central pairs of tail-
feathers olive-bruwn with t tiiue of russet* the outer three or two 
pair- tipped with jrey * ; "bill dusky purplish, apex dark born; 
orbits pale -slaty; evidid- dull purple; iet^ carmine-red; toes slaty 
purple: ckw- pile Lorny " I WulhtH i. Total length about 13*5 
inch'-, winir 7, t4iil 4%n bill M^L'. tusn-* 1*^. 

An uthtitif'tn hU**l in the LH? den Museum, with the edges of the 
irreiter upp^r wincr-uwrt* ruiou«, h,ii the purple band across the 
nape, like the adult bird, but n iiTOwer. 

II,th. X. Ceieben. 

a, - ad. ak. Mei.adu, X. Cebbt^. Wallace Coll. 

7, Phlogcenas bimacalata. 
l'ltlMgo'na* trMi'guutu, Wail 1M\ WJO, p. tf'Jo (part., Maka-ar) ; 
id, J.f.O. lHilt% p. i^i; ifj. Malay Airhip. i. p. 41tt{part, South 
Celebes) 11^17-t); Guttld {me Temm.) B, of As. vi. pL o9 (pt. xxv., 
i *:;*). * 
i'lilogipiias bioiaculata, hafoad. Bull. Br, Orn, Club, no. iii. p. x 

Similar to Ph. fri$fhjitm9 of which it is the southern representative, 
and from which it differs in being somewhat duller, less 
yellow on the breast, and less coppery amethyst on the hind neck 
and mantle, and principally in having two purple-violet spots on 
the ^ides of the upper nape, so that the nape along the middle is 
entirely bronze-green ; the tail with only the four central feathers 
brown, the next pair grey with a brown subapical band, and the 
four outer pairs grey with a black subapical band. Size scarcely 
smaller than that of Ph, tristif/uw. 

Uak Makassar, S. Celebes.* 

a. Ad. fk, Makassar, S. Celebes Gould Coll. (Specimen figured by 
{ Wallace). Gould (/. <?.). Type of species.) 
* The tail is imperfect in the specimen described, so that it cannot be made 
out clearly whether two or three of the outer pairs of tail-feathers are tipped 
with grey. 
592 PEEISTEEID-S. 

8. JPHogcenas (?) hoedti 
Leptoptila hoedtii, ScMeg. K. T. B. iv. p. 80 (1571) (Wetter); id, 
JIus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 103 (187:31 
Peristera Iioedti, Qieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. GO (1877). 

Adult male. Head and hind neck of a light grey, changing into 

•whitish on the throat; fore part and sides of the neck and crop-
region white, with a yellowish rufescent tinge on the sides; breast, 
abdomen, tibial feathers, and under tail-coverts of a brownish grey-
black, tinged with rnsset: under surface of the tail slate-colour, 
upper surface dark grey with a snbapieal blackish band ; mantle, 
back, upper tail-coverts, and upper surface of the wing^ of a coppery 
reddish, changing into violet-red with a metallic glo-s on the smaller 
upper wing-coverts ; under surface of the quills lerruarinous. Wing 
6 inches, tail 4*5, tarsus 1, middle toe 11*^5, bill H-S3. 
Female. Head, neck, crop-region, primaries except at the tip, and 
tail-feathers of a reddish rufous, the latter (the lateral one- *?i with 
a black Mibapieal band; the remainder of the plumage of n yellowish 
brown, niore or le^s ruiesrent. Wing (r\\ in the-, tail 4\1, 
(Schhrj.) 

Bah. Wetter Island, to the X.E. of Timor. 
This species is an aberrant one, having the flivt quill attenuated 
at the tip, like a LcptuptVa. 

i). PMogcenas canifrcras. 

PMeprpxiii- caoiiron?, Hat //. o.- FUwh, P. Z. & 3*72, p. 101 (Pelew 

id.); Fm^ch, Jour a. Mm. {it>(hp)\ iv. Ut-ft viii. p. 27, t, v. f. 1 

(187->) ; StJimrtts. EtM. Ahtk. J/?'*, Ovdtffr. INSI, p.407: 

Wiffh^w. Arts Pohjnes. p. r>7, n. '21*1 (l^Jl). 

Pbloj»a*nas caniirons Schrt. P. Z. K 1*77, p. 112. 

Phaps canifrons, Oieb. The,<. Orn. iii. p. Ml f 1H77|. 

Adult Male. Jorehead, vertex, sides of the head, throat, and 
sides of the neck ashy, paler on the forehead and throat, darker on 
the vertex, and changing on the lower throat and crop-region into 
a pale reddish-vinous colour; occiput, nape, and upper mantle 
cinnamon; remainder of the upper parts bronze-olive, with a 
metallic gloss in some lights ; smaller upper wing-eoveifs purple at 
the tip; lower breast, abdomen, and under fail-coverts greyish 
brown; primaries cinnamon at the base, brown at the apical portion; 
under wing-coverts cinnamon, mottled with brown ; tail olive rufous-
brown, the lateral feathers with the tips paler rufous, and with a 
subapical brown band, nearly obsolete : " bill horn-Mack; feet red r 
(Kuhary). Total length about 7**3 inches, wing 4-1), tail 2*5, bill 0*0, 
tarsus 1-26. 

Young. The grey colour of the forehead and of the throat dull 
and changing into the rusty grey of the underparts; no purple-
violet patch on the wing-coverts. (Mm. Turati.) 

31 . PHLOGCEXAS. 593 
Hah. Pele%v Mauds. 
a. Ad. sk. Pelew islands (Cohen). Purchased* 

ID. PMogoenas beccarii. (Plate XI. &g. 1.) 
Chalcuphaps, sp., j5e«r. ^1K#I. J/I/«. CIV. Gen. vii. p. 718 (Hatam) 

Chalcophjp* heccarii, bedrid. Ann. 21m. Cii\ Gen. vii. p. 974 
(1^7of t 2 ), \\. p. 1^7, n. 79 (l^j); itf. .4«i It. Ac. Sc. Tor. 

xili.p. 314 fB7^f I J I. 
Phlogftna* becearii, Hah ad. Orn. Pap. e MoL ill. p. 108 (16S2). 
Ad nit mat*. Forehead, sides of the head and of the neck, throat 
and breast grey, lighter on the lower part of the breast; vertex, 
occiput, nape, and all the upper parts dark olive, with a bronzy 
gloss; smaller upper wiiig-eovertb with purple-violet edges; the 
grey of the breast surrounded by a dark brown band, tinged with 
purple on the side* ; lower breast, abdomen, under wing-coverts, 
and under tail-eovert*> dark greyish brown; quills brown-grey, the 
inner secondaries like the back; central tail-feathers dark bronze-
olive like the back, the lateral ones duller, with lighter tips, and 
with a broad hubapieal, almost obholete, darker band: bill black ; 
feet red. Total length about 7 inches*, wing 4*2? tail 2*6, bill 5*5, 
tarsus 1*L1. 
FiiHtth*. Upper part* bronze brown-olive; crown and nape darker; 

# The following aperies, which on account of its small htm seems to belong 
to the I*k. cam/rout group, is only Lnomn from young bpecuuens:—-

PllLOGCBXAS TAPESSIS. 

Phlegoenas vapensis. Harfl. # Fiatrh, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 102 (JUT.) (Cap); 
fthmlte, Ethn. Ahth. Mm. Goifffr. 1881, p. 301 (note); Wiylww. Ave* 
Pvlyn. p. 57, n. 293 USUI).
Phlegcenas uapensis, hharpft Zoo!. Rec. ix. (1872|» p. 53 (1874). 
Phaps yapeuais, GUb. TAis. Orn. ill. p. 91 (1S77). 

Young male. " Has the upper and lateral part of the head light rufous; the 
feathers of the whole back, «ing-coverts, scapulars, and tertiaries are of a dark 
brown, with broad margins of pale rufous; a large shoulder-spot purplish 
violet, mixed with pale rufous; primaries of a uniform blackish brown ; tail-
feathers light rufous with a broad black band before the tip; the throat seems 
to be of a dirty rufeecent colour; the feathers of the breast pale bluish grey, 
margined with rufous, those of the abdomen and under tad-coverts blackish, 
variegated with obsolete rufescent shades; under wing-coverts of an obscure 
mixture of black and rufous; bill yellowish, darker round the base; feet 
ElumbeouB, with pale nails. Total length 5" 4"' (French measure), tail 3" 6'", 

in 7*"', tarsus 14'".* 

Young female " is rather differently coloured, the back being of a dark 
olivaceous green, with bronze reflections; wing-coverts, tertiaries, and scapulars 
also more greenish, with broad rufous margins; no purplish shoulder-spots; 
the whole head light rufous; bre**st and abdomen of an indistinct olivaceous 
rufescent hue; under wing-coverts rufous; tail as in the elder bird. Total 
length 5,f, tail S'r 4'", bill T'\ tarsus 131'"/' 

Sab. Uap, Mackenzie islands. 
VOL. xxi. 2 a 

PERISTERIDJ3. 

594 

forehead, sides of the head and neck, and throat dark grey ; remainder 
of the underparts greyish brown ; primaries slate-brown ; 
secondaries, upper wing-coverts, and upper surface of the tail Eke 
the back ; tail-feathers on the inner web and on the under surface 
slate-brown ; bill brown ; feet red. (2Tu$. Genoa.) 

Hah. N.W. New Guinea, doubtfully Jobi. 

a. Ad. sk. Jobi ? 
Purchased. 
11. Phlogoenas Johanna. 
Phlegoenas stairii, Rams, (nee G. R. Gr.) Pr. Linn. Soc. 3*. & W. 
i. p. 374 (1876) (Duke of York Island). 
Phlogoenas Johanna, 
Sclat P. Z. S. 1877, p. 112, pi. xvi (Duke 
of York Isl. ?); Gould, B. New Gum. pt. T ii. pi. 9 (187e>); *SuAtf. 

P. Z. S. 1870, p. 447: Finsch, Ibis, 18S1, p. 538; Salmd. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. iii. pp. 167, 502 (1882). 
Adult male. Porehead, crown, sides of the head and neck, 
throat, and upper breast grey, darker on the crown and along 
the sides of the neck, paler on the throat, and changing into 
whitish grey on the lower part of the breast, which is surrounded 
by a brown-purple band; occiput and nape bronze olive-brown, 
changing into olive-bronze chestnut on the remainder of the upper 
parts; the wings, the upper tail-coverts, and tail with a purple 
gloss; smaller upper wing-eoverts edged with violet-purple; quills 
brown, under wing-coverts and basal portion of the inner webs of 
the quills tinged with rusty; lower breast, abdomen, and under 
tail-coverts dark greyish brown with a chocolate tinge; the lateral 
tail-feathers greyish brown, with rufescent tips and a subapical 
broad dusky band: bill brown-black ; feet probably red. Total 
length about 7'75 inches, wiag 4*4, tail 2S, bill 0*54, tarsus 1-1. 

A specimen marked female by the Rev. Gr. Brown is similar to 
the male, but I suspect that it has not been properly sexed, as the 
females in this group differ from the male in wanting the purple 
patch on the smaller upper wing-coverts. 

Hob. Duke of York Island. 

M-6 [ $ ] ad. sk. [New Britain.] Tweeddale Coll. 
(Types of species,) 

12. Phlogoenas granti. (Plate XI. fig. 2.) 
Phlogoenas johannss, 
Tristr. {nee Sclat.) Ibis, 187% p. 44A, 1882, 
pp. 144, 146 (Solomon Islands); Rams. Pr. Linn. Soo. M & W. 

vii. p. 38 (1882); Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 41 (1889) (San Christoval). 
Phlogoenas 
solomonensis, Grant, P. Z. S. 1888, pp. 186, 187, 200 
(Aola, G-uadalcanar) (nee Phlogoenas salomonis, Earns.). 

Adult male. Similar to the male of Ph. joltannw, but larger, with 
the grey colour of the head, throat, sides of the neck, and breast 
much darker, and with the back, wings, and upper surface of the 

0 

31 - PHLOG02NAS. 

595 

tail of a much richer chocolate, washed with purple; the purple 
patch on the smaller wing-coyerts darker and more violet: -bill 
black; legs carmine ; iris brown " ( Woodford). Total length about 
b-a inches, wmg 4-7, tail 2-8, bill 0-55, tarsus 1-2. 

JJab. (juadalcanar, Solomon Islands. 

a. d ad. sk. Aola, Guadalcanal-, Aug. C. M. Woodford, Esq. [C.]. 
(Type of species and of 
Ph. solomonensis, Grant.) 

13. PMogcenas stairi 
a. Synonymy for Tonga specimens. 
Catenas (Phlegoenas) stairi, G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 7, pi. cxv. 
(? Samoa ; probably Tonga). 

(Samoa ?); Schleg. N. T. I), iv. p.*28 (1871). 
Pampusana erythroptera, part., Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. pp. 947, 949 

Phlegoenas stairi, JECartl. § Finsch, Qrn> Centralpol. p. 147 (1867) 
(part.); iid. J.f. 0.1870, pp. 121,122, & 134 (part., Tonga); Griiffe, 
ibid. pp. 402,409 (Tonga) ; G. P. Gr. Hand-list,ii. p. 347, n. 9447 
(1870) ; Finsch, J f 6. 1872, p. 48 (Tonga); Nehrh. J. f. 0. 
1879, p. 407 ? ; Wiglesii). Aves Polynes. p. 56, n. 289 (1891). 

Leptoptila stairii, Schleg. N. T. D. iv. p. 28 (1871); id. Mus. 
P.-B. Columbse, p. 162 (part.) (1873). 
Phlogoenas stairi, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 112; id. List Vert An. 
8th ed. p. 462 (Fiji Isl.!) (1883). 
Phaps stairei, part., Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 91 (1877). 

b. Synonymy for Fiji specimens. 
Peristera 
erythroptera, Uartl. (nee Om.) Ibis, 1864, p. 232 (Feejee 
Islands). 
Phlegoenas stairi, part., JELartl. Sf Finsch, Orn. Centralpol. p. 147 
(1867) (Fiji); iid. J.f.O. 1870, p. 134 (part.); E. L. Layard, 

P. Z. S. 1875, pp. 151, 438 (Fiji); id. Ibis, 1876, p. 392 (Ovalau, 
Vakaia, Mokani, Vanua Levu, Taviuni, Viti Leva); North, Pr. 
Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. (2) ii. p. 445 (1887) (Fiji);' Rchnv). J.f. 0. 
1891, p. 127 (Fiji). 
Leptoptila stairii, Schleg. N. T. D. iv. p. 30 (1871); id. Mus. P.-B. 

(Jolumbaa, p. 162 (part.) (Fiji) (1873). 
Phlegoenas vitiensis, Finsch, J.f. 0. 1872, p. 50 (Fiji). 
Phaps stairei, part., Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 91 (1877) (Viti). 
Phlegoenas stairi vitiensis, Wiqlesv). Aves Polynes^ p. 56, n. 290 

(1891). 

Adult male. Glossy brown, with bronze and purple reflections 
In some lights ; front, sides of the head and neck, and breast 
vinous rufous, changing into white round the edge of the breast-
shield and on the throat; the breast-shield margined below with a 
dark brown-purple band; hind part of the head and back of neck 
dark slaty, glossed with green; smaller upper wing-coverts and 

2 0,2 

596 
PEKISTEKIDJ3. 

feathers on the sides of the breast margined with purple; middle of 
the abdomen vinous brown, the sides, the vent, and under tail-
coverts chocolate-brown; quills brown ; under wing-coverts and 
basal part of the inner webs of the quills cinnamon; tail brown, 
with the base of the lateral feathers dark vinous grey : " bill black; 
iris red-brown ; legs deep crimson " {Layard). Total length about 
11 inches, wing 6'2, tail 3-8, bill 0*7, tarsus 1'35. 

Female. Head, neck, and breast dull cinnamon, brighter or 
deeper on the head; rest of the upper parts glossy brown-olive ; 
abdomen and under tail-coverts dull brown, the longest of the 
latter with a russet tinge; quills brown: under wing-coverts 
partly cinnamon; a cinnamon tinge also on the inner webs of the 
quills ; tail russet-brown, the lateral feathers more rufeseent, almost 
cinnamon, and with a subapical brown band. Total length about 
10 inches, wing 5-6, tail 3*8, biH 0*7, tarsus 1*25. 

Hab. Fiji and Tonga Islands. 

The type of PA. stairi is a bird which lived in the Zoological 
Society's gardens. It is not quite certain from which of the three 
island-groups of Central Polynesia (Samoa, Fiji, or Tonga) it 
came: it appears to me more like a Fiji bird than a Samoan one, as 
it has the occiput dusky, almost slaty, with a greenish tinge; but it 
may, after all, have come from the Tonga Islands. The birds of 
the latter group ought to be compared with those from Samoa 
and those from the Fiji Islands: Dr. Finseh thinks they may prove 
to be specifically distinct from both. 

In the present circumstances I shall unite the Tonga with the 
Fiji bird, and not the Tonga with the Samoan, as Wiglesworth has 

done. 
a. <$ ad. sk. [Samoa.] Zoological Soc. Coll. 
b. d ad. sk. [Samoa.]
(Type of species.) 
Eev. J. B. Stair [P.]. 
c. d,e. tf $ ad.
sk. 
Ovalau, Fiji, Feb., Nov., Dec. 
(E. L. Layard). 
Tweeddale Coll. " 

f~h. <$ $ ad. sk. 
Wakaia, Fiji, May, Sept., Nov. Tweeddale Coll. 

(E. L. Layard). 
I, m. 
o* ad. sk. Vamia Levu, Fiji, May (E. L. Tweeddale Coll. 
Layard). 

n. o* ad. sk. N'Gila, Taviuni, Fiji, Aug. Tweeddale Coll. 
(E. L. Layard). 
o. 
o* ad. sk. Taviuni, Fiji. W. A. Bailward, Esq. 
[P.]. 
p. Juv. sk. Taviuni, Fiji (Liardet). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
q. 
$ ad. sk. N'Dreketti, Fiji (E. L. Tweeddale Coll. 
Layard). 
14. PMogoonas samoensis. 
Phlegcenas 
stam, Finseh 8f Hartl. Orn. Cmtralpol p. 147 (part., 
Samoa) (1867)j Whitmee, Ibis, 1875,!p. 445 (Samoa); Trtstr 
Cat Co L B j . 41 (Samoa) (1889) ; Wigluw. Aves Folyn. p. 56, 

n. 289 (part., Samoa) (1891). 
y * ' 
31 , PELLOGCENAS. 

par^ Schk#' N r I)

^? ^fl\8 ^ n'--' *•• PP. 28, 30 (1871) ; 

id. Mus. P.-B. Columba, p. 162 (part., Samoa) (1873). 

Phlegcenas samoensis, Finsck, J.f. 0. 1872, p. 50 (Samoa). 

Phlogcenas staini, JS. L. Layard, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 496 (Samoa). 

_ Adult male. Similar to the male of PK stairi, but the rufous 
vinous breast-shield shows no whitish towards the edge below; 
the occiput and the nape are not of a distinct slaty dark colour 
with a greenish gloss, but chocolate or dusky brown. 

The female differs from that of the allied species more than the 
male does, having the back and wings glossy chocolate-brown with 
no olive tinge, and the rufous-cinnamon colour of the head, neck, 
and breast much darker. 

Hab. Samoa Islands. 

atb. d S ad. sk. Samoa. Rev. S. J. Whitmee [0.].* 

15. Phlogcenas margaritse. 
Phle^enab jobiensis, Meyer, Mitth. Zool. Mus. Dresd. i. p. 10 
(1875) (young) (types examined); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. 

vii. p. 974 (note) (1875); Sharpe, Journ. Pr. Linn. 8oc, Zool. xiii. 
p. 319, n. 4a (1877); Gould, B. New Gitin. vii. pi. 8 (part vii., 
1878); Sharpe, Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiv. p. 634 (1879). 
Chaleophaps, sp., Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 716 (Jobi) 
(1875); Salvad. op. cit. p. 973 (1875). 
Chaleophaps margaritae, Pi1Alb. ty Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. 

* The following species is unknown to me ; from the description, I should say 
that it is nearly allied to Ph. siairi, if not the same. The locality is probably 
wrong:— 
PlILOGOGNAS SALOMONIS. 

Phlogoenas salamonis, Rams. Pr. Linn. Soc. jV. S. W. vii. p. 299 (1882); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 429, n. 20 (1882); id. Orn. Pap. 
e Mol. iii. p. 562 (1882); Rohnw. $ Schal.J.f.O. 1883, p. 406; Salvad. 
Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 64 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 190) 
(1891). 

"Total length 11 inches, wing 6*5, tail 4, tarsus 1*3, bill from the forehead 1, 
from the nostril 0*5, from the angle of the mouth 1*1 inch. Bill brown; legs and 
feet carmine. The bill is strong and much curved at the tip ; the tail rounded, of 
twelve feathers (?). General colour reddish chocolate-brown above, slightly 
tinted with rich metallic violet-purple, which becomes very bright on the wing-
coverts and interscapular region; the primaries and secondaries and the inner 
webs of the tail-feathers and their under surfaces dull dark brown ; head 
chocolate-colour without metallic reflections, the sides of the face lighter, the 
throat of a paler tint; the chest, breast, and fore neck cinnamon-brow a, lightest 
towards the abdomen, a few feathers on the sides of the chest tinted with the 
same rich metallic hue as the mantle and wing-coverts; the remainder of the 
under surface dark, dull reddish chocolate-brown, deeper in tint and inclining 
to rufous on the under tail-coverts. The feathers of the breast being of a light 
cinnamon tint, contrast greatly with the dark chocolate-red of the remainder 
of the under surface." (Ramsay.) 

Hab. San Ohristoval, Solomon Islands (?). 

 PEBISTEKIM:. 

p. 836, n. 80 (1875, 21 Nov.) (ad.); Salvad. op. cii. ix. pp. 44? %U, 
n. 80 (1876); Hams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. I p. 374 (lbiti); 
If Alb. & Salvad. Ann. MILS. Civ. Gen. xix. p. 146 (1879): If Alb. 
Nuova Guin. pp. 256, 278, 281, 528, 585, 5SS (1880; ; Finsch, 
Tog. d. Sudsee, p. 19 (New Britain) (1884). 
Plilo^oenas 
niargaritse, Salvad. Ann. Mas. Civ. Gen. Tin. p. 4(M 
(1876) j Selat. P. Z. S. 1877, p. Ill, n. 57. 
Chaleophaps jobien&is, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 207. n. bl 
(1876); Hams. Pr. linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 204 (lfc7&), IT. 

p. 101, n. 176 (1879). 
Phlogamas jobiensis, 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol.^ iii. pp. Itio, -><>1 
(1882) j Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool x\L p. 44IJ {lHn2l: 
JFV/2^ # Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 28; Trittr. Cat. 
Coll B. p. 269 (1889); Hem. $ Pehnw. So77iend. Mv$. Hem. Orn. 

p. 287 (1890); Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. (2) ix. p. foil flMICJf; 
id. Mem. P. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. OS (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. 
p. 189) (1891), 
Phlegcenas 
margaretlise, Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 41 (1NS9) f Duke of 
York Island). 

Adult male. Upper part of the head, upper hind neck, and a unilocular 
hand from the base of the lower mandible to the nape hln k ; 
lores, sides of the forehead, superciliary stripe, throat, ami cr»»pregion 
pure white ; feathers of the lower hind neck, mantle, upl^r 
back, scapulars, and upper wing-coverts brown-Mack, with beautiful 
purple edges ; rump brown-black with purple reflections ; upp«*r 
tail-coverts almost black; lower breast, abdomen, and uiidrr tail-
coverts slate-black, the feathers on the sides ot the hri'a&t \\ ith 
purple edges; quills, primary-coverts, and under wiiig-em*f*rts 
brown-black ; under surface of the quills slate-black ; tail Miwk; 
"bill black; feet dull brown-ied; iris black" (IfAlbirtis). Total 
leDgth about 9'5 inches, wing 5*5. 

Female. Similar to the male, bat with an olive tinge on the 
lower back and rump * the white on the head, throat, and breast 
not so pure, and the black of the under surface more or lest, gre\ihh. 

Young. Brown, with a slight olive tinge on the back, scapulars, 
and rump; the edges of the upper wing-coverts rufous; throat 
whitish ; the breast of a pale brown. 

Hah. New Guinea, Jobi, the Duke of York Island, arid Xew 
Britain. 

a. Ad, sk, New Guinea. fcJalvin-Godmitn Coll. 
b. Ad.sk, Mainland, S.E. Papua, Feb. Gould Coll. 
(Dr, James). 
c. Ad. sk. Port Moresby (Stone). Sbarpe Coll. 
d. Imm. sk, Port Moresby. J. Broadtail Km. 
'0.1 
vm-Goimmm Cull. 

sk. 

 Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mts. (A. Goldie). Tweeddale Coll 
k, I. Ak. sk. Astrolabe Mts. Br. Romillv fP7 

m. Juv. sk. Sogeri, S.E. New Guinea, Oct. H. O. ForbW'Ewi. 
rc i 

n. 
Juv.sk. S.E. New Guinea. H. 6." Forbes, Esq. 
[0-]
31 . PHLOGCENAS. 
50 9 
o. 
Ad. sk. Duke of York Is. {Meo. G. Tweeddale Coll. 
Brown). 
p. 2 J«iv- sk. Duke of York Is. Rev. G. Brown [0.1. 
Juv Sk

^- 
Bev.G. Brown fa]!* 

16. PHogcenas kubaryi. 
P1fcSnefJthr°Pteraj Part'' Bp' Cmsp' Av' il P" 8° (1854) 
Mchlb' Tauhm l P' 41 (1863) 

^C^lSelT111,0^^ ^>
Plilegoanas spK, Finsch, Journ. Mus. Godeff. viii. p. 131 (1875), xii. 
pp. 16, 17 (1876). •" r v 
Phlegoenas eiythroptera ?, Finseh (nee GmX P. Z. S. 1877, p. 780 
(Poriape), 1880, p. 576 (Ruk); id. Ibis, 1881, pp. 112, 115 (Ponape); 
Tristr. Cat Coll. B. p. 41 (1889) (Ruk . 
1 Megcenas kiibaryi, Finseh, J. f. 0. 1880, p. 292; Pchmv. $ Schal. 

•A/. O. 1881, p. 75 ; Wiglem. Aves Polyn. p. 55, n. 284. 
Adnlt male. Anterior part of the head, a band along the sides of 

the occiput, throat, sides of the neck, and breast pure white ; poste


rior part of the head, nape, and a band joining the ear-coverts with 

the nape dark slate-grey; mantle, back, and tipper wing-coverts of 

a beautiful purple-violet on the edges of the feathers, which are 

otherwise blackish; rump and upper tail-coverts glossy blackish, 

with a slight wash of purple on the edges of the feathers ; lower 

breast* abdomen, under wing-coverts, and under tail-covers slate-

black; quills slate-brown; tail slate-black, the lateral feathers 

greyish towards the base: " bill black ; iris dark brown, edge of 

the eyelids grey ; feet dull purple " (Kubary). Total length about 

10*5 inches, wing 6, tail 3*8, bill 0*8, tarsus 1-38. 

Female. Duller, especially the purple-violet colour of the back 

and upper wing-eoverts; rump, upper tail-coverts, and also the 

inner secondaries with a bronze-olive tinge. 

Hah. Caroline Islands. 

* PIILOGCENAS sp. 
Phlogoenas sp. inc., Grant, P. Z. S. 1888, p. 201 (Aola, Guadalcanal*). 
Phlegoenas spec, nonduui desoripta, Tristr. Oat. Coll. B. p. 269 (Guadalcanal 
(1889). 
Phlogoenas sp., Salvad. Mem. & Jo. 8c. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 63 (Agg. Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. p. 189) (1891). 

This species is only known from young birds collected by Mr. Woodford; 
as remarked by Mr. Ogilvie Grant, they resemble the young of Ph. margaritcB, 
and show already some white feathers on the throat and crop-region ; 
there is also an incipient white superciliary streak, which has escaped 
Mr. Ogilvie Grant's notice; the upper parts are brown-chocolate, with the 
edges of the feathers rusty; forehead dark grey, a rusty tinge on the anterior 
part of the crown. Size somewhat larger than that of Ph. margaritm. 

Bab. Guadalcanal Solomon Islands. 

a. S juv. sk. ' Guadalcanal E. M. Woodford [0.]. 
600 PERISIEKID^. 
a,bc d 
8 ad. sk. 
tf 2 ad. sk. 
Kukla., Carolines, July(Dr. 0. Finseh) 
Ruk Is., Carolines, July(T. Kubary). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
of species.) 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(Types 

17. Phlogoenas erythroptera. (Plate XII.fig. 2.) 
Garnet-winged Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 624, n. 13 (Eimeo) (1783) 
(nee varr. (3 & y). 

Oolumba erythroptera, (?m. & N. i. 2, p. 775, n. 10 (1788) (nee varr. 
/3 & y); £< A JW. 0?*?e. ii. p. 597, n. 15 (1790); Bonn. Tail. Enc. 
Meth. p. 243 (1790); Bechst. Lath. Uebers. ii. p. 605 (1794), iv. 

p. 379 (1811); Temm. $ Xnip, Big. i. fam. sec. p. 123, pi. 55 
(1808-11); Temm. Big. et Gallin. i. pp. 273, 473 (part) (1813) ; 
Vieill N. D. xxvi. p. 344 (part.) (1818) ; Steph. Gen. Zool xi. 
p. 51 (part.) (1819); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 336 (part.) (1826); 
Wagl. Syst. Av. Oolumba, sp. 74 (part.) (1827); Less. Tr. d'Orn. 
p. 471 (part.) (1881) ; id. Compl. de Buf., Ois. viii. p. 41 (part.) 
(1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 280 (part.) (1838); Bchnk J. f. 0. 
1853, p. 9; G. B. Gr. B. Z. S. 1850, p. 6: Sehleg. N T. JD. iv. 
p. 28 (1871)* 
Peristera erythroptera, part., G. B. Gr. List Gallince Brit. Mm. p. 16 
(1844); id. Gen. B. ii. p. 476, n. 7 (part. ?) (1845); Eartl. Wiegm. 
Arch. 1852, p, 134 (part.); id. J.f. 0. 1854, p. 169. 

Columba 
leucophrys, R. Font. MS.; G. Forst. Icon, tried, 136 
(Taheiti) ; Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 743 (Otalieitee); Forst. (ed. Licht.) 
Descr. An. p. 168 (1844); G. B. Gr. B. Z. S. 1856, p. 7; Schkg. 

N. T. D. iv. p. 28 (1871). 
Tympanistria erythroptera, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv, t. 2571. 
I. OOoo (laO.2). 
Phlegsenas erythroptera, part., Bp. Consp. Av. Ii. p. 89 (1854); id. 
Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 206, 221,"266 (part.) (1855); id. Coup imil 
Ordre Big. pp. 45, 59, n. 266 (part.) (1853). 

Caloenas erythroptera, part., 
G. B. Gr, List B. Brit. Mm. Columbse, 
p, 64 (1856); id. Cat. B. Trop. Isl p. 44 (part.) (1859). 
Pampusana erythroptera, part., Bp. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 947 
(1856). 
Phlegoenas erythroptera, part., Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 41 (part.) t. 257 b. 

f. 3383 (1862); G. B. Gr. Hand-list, Ii. p. 247, n. 9446 (1870) ; 
Eartl. £ Finseh, J. f. O. 1870, p. 134 (Tahiti): Wighsw. Aves 
Bolyn. p. 55, n. 280 (1891). 
Phlogoenas erythroptera, Sclat. B. Z. S. 1877, p. 112. 
Phaps erythroptera, part., Gteb. Thes. Orn. in. p. 89 (1877). 


"Length nine inches and a half. Bill three quarters of an 
inch, and of a dusky yellow (!), in some specimens Hack; the 
forehead white ; from thence passes a streak of the same over each 
eye almost to the hind neck, which, as well as the nape, Is black ; 
the lower part of the neck behind, the shoulders, and wing-coverts 
are of a beautiful deep garnet-colour; the back between the wings, 
the quills, tail, lower part of the breast, belly, Jand vent are 

* Specimen purchased by Temmmck from Bullock: perhaps one of the 
described by Latham. 

601 

31 . THLOGCENAS. 
all black; the tail is two inches and a half long, and even at the 
end; the base half of a greyish ash-colour, the end half black; 
the under part plain dusky ; the legs brown." (Latham.) 

Hah. Eimeo, Society Islands. 
Porster's Icon. ined. 136 certainly represents an adult specimen 
of Ph. erythroptera, and it is exactly like the bird figured by Knip 
and Temminck. 

The bird in the British Museum is so very similar to the one 
described by Latham and Porster, that although marked as from 
Bow Island, one of the Paumotu group, I am obliged to refer it to 
Ph. erythroptera. I may mention that it has the hind part of the 
head and the nape slate or greyish black. 

a. Ad. sk. Bow Island (?). Capt. Sir E. Bebher [0.].* 
18. Phlogcenas albicollis. (Plate XII.fig. 1.) 
Peristera erythroptera, part., G. 2i. Gr. (nee Gm.) List Gallinm B. M. 

p. 16 (1844) (Bow Island) • Marti. Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 135 
(Bow Island); id. J.f.O. 1854, p. 170 (Paumotu). 
* PlILOGOENAS sp. 
Garnet-winged Pigeon, var. from Otaheite, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 624, n. 13 

Columba erythroptera, var./3, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 775, n. 10 (1788) (Tahiti); 
Lath. Ind. Orn. iii. p. 598 (1790) (Otaheite); Bechst. Lath. Uebers. ii. 

p. 605, yar. A (1794), iv. p. 379, var. a (1811). 
Columba eryfchroptera, part., 
Temm. $ Knip, Pig. i. fam. sec. p. 123 (180111); 
Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 273, 473 (part,) (1813); Vieill. N. B. 

xxvi. p. 344 (part.) (1818); Stepk Gen. ZooL xi. p. 57 (part.) (1819); 
JDesm. Diet 8c. Nat. xl. p. 336 (part.) (1826); Waal. fyst. Av. Columba, 
sp. 74 (av. jun.?) (1827); Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 471 (part.) (1831); id. 
Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 41 (part.) (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 280 
(part.) (1838). 
Columba erythroptera, var. a, Bonn. Tail. Em. Meth. i. p. 243 (1790). 

Peristera erythroptera, part., G. B. Gr. List Gallinm B. M. p. 16 (1844); 

Rartl. Wiegm. Arch. 1852, p. 134 (part.). 

Phlegaenas erythroptera, part., Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 89 (1854); id. Compt. 

Bend. xl. pp. 206, 222, n. 266 (part.) (1855); id. Coup d'ail Ordre Fig. 

pp. 45, 59, n. 266 (part.) (1855). 

Caloenas erythroptera, 
var., G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Prop. Isl p. 44 (1859) (Otaheite, 
Society Isl.). 
Phlegoenas erythroptera, part., Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 41 (1862); G. B. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 247, n. 9446, var. fS (1870). 
? Leptoptila erythroptera, Schley. N. T. B. iv. pp. 28, 29 (1871); id. Mus. 
P.-B. Oolumbae, p. 162 (1873) (Otaheite). 
Phlegoenas leucophrys, Wiglesw. Av. Polyn. p. 55, n. 281 (1891). 

This bird, which seems to be similar to Ph. erythroptera, is only known from 
Latham's account:—" With the above (Garnet-winged Pigeon), at Sir Joseph 
Banks's, is another, which no doubt differed in sex or age only; it is about an 
inch longer, the forehead, throat, fore part of the neck, and breast white; hind 
part of the neck dusky; over the eye a ferruginous streak, passing a little downwards 
on each side of the neck ; back dusky black; belly dusky; shoulders and 
wing-coverts as in the other; quills and tail blackish." 

Hab. Otaheite, Society Islands. 

602 PEEISTEElDiE. 

Caloenas erythroptera, G. R. Gr. (nee Gm.) Zist B. Brit. Mm. 
Oolumbffi, p. 64 (1856) (Bow Island) ; id. Cat. B. Trop. IsL p. 44 
(part.) (1859) (Bow L, Low Islands). 

Phleeoenas erythroptera, part., Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 41 (1862) (Bow 
Island); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 247, n. 9440 (part.) (1870). 
Ooluruba erythroptera (part.), Schleg. N. T. D. iv. p. 28 (1&71) 


(Bowl). 
Phlegoenas sp., Wiglesw. Aves Polyn. p. 55, n. 286 (1891). 


Adult. Head, neck, and breast white; the feathers of the occiput 
are worn out and show the dusky bases; upper mantle, scapulars, 
and upper wing-coverts brown, with chestnut-purple e&gei>; back, 
rump, and upper tail-coverts brown, with a greyish tinge on the 
edges of the feathers; the lower edge of the white breast-shield 
is surrounded with a dark brown band, which on the sides of the 
breast is tinged with purple; abdomen, under tail-coverts, and 
under wing-coverts dark brown ; quills underneath greyish brown ; 
tail dull grey, with the apical portion blackish : bill black ; feet 
dark, probably in the living bird dull crimbon. Total length about 
9*5 inches, wing 5'8, tail 3*6, bill 0-68, tardus 1*25. 

Hab. Bow Island. 

a. Ad. sk. Bow Island. Oapt. Sir E. Belcher, Vo\ap* of tli« 
< Sulphur.' (Type of -peci*^.| 
19. PMogcenas pampusan. 
Oolombe rousseau, Temm. PI. Col. 190 (juv.j (livr. 32,1823). 

Columba xanthonura, " Cuv.," Temm. PL Col. 190 (livr. 32, lM>tf) 
(Mariannes IsL) j Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 288 (182t>) ; Lem. 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 44 (1837) * id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 281 
(1838); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 470, n. 30 (1845); Rchnb. Syn. 
Av. ff. 1269-70 (1847). 

Oolombe erythroptere a gorge blanche, Quay § Gaim. Voy. Uran.f 
Zool. p. 35 (1824). 
Oolombe de couleur rousse, Quoy $• Gaim. Voy. Uran., ZooL p. 35 
(1824). 

Columba pampusan, Quoy $• Gaim. Voy. Uran., ZooL p. 121, pi. 30 
(1824); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 345 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Ait. 
Oolumba, sp. 82 (1827); Zen. Tr. d'Orn. p. 471 (1831); id. 
Compl. de Bvff., Ois. viii. p. 43 (1837) j id. op. eit. 2nd ed. p. 280 
(1838); Hartl. J. f. O. 1854, p. 167 (Marianne Islands). 

Oolumba xanthura, Cuv. (nee Forst.) Mgn. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 491 
(1829) ; Temm. Tail MSth. PL Col. p. 81 (1839); Frio. $ Knip, 
Pig. ii. p. 45, pi. 23 (1838-43) ; Schleg. N. T. D. iv. p. 29 (1871). 

Pampusana xanthura, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 89 (1854); id. (Jmnpt 
Bend. xl. pp. 207, 221, n. 267 (1855); id. Cmm oVmil Ordre Pig. 
pp. 45, 59, n. 267 (1855) j Rchnb. Tauben, L p. 89, t. 226. fig. 1270 

(1862). > * > 

Pampusana rousseau, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 89 (1854) (Marquesas I.!); 
id. Corrupt. Rend. xl. pp. 207, 222, n. 268 (1855), id. Coup d'mil 
Ordre Pig. pp. 46, 59, n. 268 (1855); Rchnb. Tauben. i. p. 39, 

t. 226. f. 1269 (1862). 
Pampusana erythroptera, part., Bp. Compt. JKem?.xliii. p,947 (1857). 
31 . PHLOCKENA.S. 60 3 
Columba erythroptera, Eartl. (nee Gm.) J. /. 0. 1854, p. 167 
(Marianne Islands). J 
Peristera erytliroptera, part., Cass. Un. St. Expl Exped., Birds, 

p. ii/7 (loOo). 
Catenas erytliroptera, var., G. X. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 44 (1859) 
(Gruam, Ladrone or Marian Islands); id. Hand-list, ii. p. 246, 

n. 9446 (var.) (1870) (Marian Islandb). 
Calcenas (Painpu&ana) xanthura, G. JR. Gr. Cat B. Trop. Isl. p. 45 
(1859) (Guam, Ladrone, or Marian Islands). 
Calcenas (Pampusana) rousseau, G. P. Gr. Cat B. Trop. Isl. p. 45 
(1859) (Marquesas I.!). 
Phlegcena* erythroptera, part., Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 41 (1862) (Marianne 
Isl.); Oust, (nee G?n.) Le Natural 1869, p. 2G1 (Mariannes). 
Pampusanna xanthura, G. R. Gr. Rand-list ii. p. 247, n. 9449 (1870) 
(Marian L). 
Pampusanna rousseau, G. It. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 247, n. 9450 (1870) 
(Marquesas !). 
Columba rousseau, Schleg. N. T. D. iv. p. 29 (1871). 
Leptoptila pampusan, Schleg. N. T. I), iv. p. 30 (1871); id. Mus. 

P.-B. Columbge, p. 162 (1873) (Marianne Isl.). 
Phaps erythroptera, part., Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 89 (1877). 
Phaps xanthura, Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 91 (1877). 


•P-
PMegoenas pampuban, Wiglesio, Av. Polgnes. p. 55, n. 283 (1891). 

Adult male. Forehead, anterior part of the cheeks, fore neck, and 
crop-region dull white, tinged with pale buff; crown, occiput, and 
hind neck rusty rufous, remainder of the upper parts dark bronze-
olive ; the feathers of the mantle and the smaller and greater upper 
wing-coverts broadly margined with purple-violet; quills brown ; 
breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts brown-black ; central tail-
feathers brown, the lateral ones grey, with a broad subterminal 
dusky brown band: bill dusky; feet yellow f?) in the dry skin. 
Total length 10-5 inches, wing 5-8, tail 3*25, bill 0-8, tarsus 1-25. 

{Mus. Paris.) 

Immature male specimens have the crown, occiput, and hind neck 
dusky. Some specimens have the forehead, upper part of the head, 
and hind neck dusky brown, with a few whitish feathers on the 
forehead ; the white of the feathers of the fore neck and crop-region 
less pure and dirty. (Mus. Paris.) 

Female (type of O. pampusan). llufous brown with an olive lustre 
on the back ; upper part of the head cinnamon; the upper wing-
coverts with rufous edges; quills brown edged with rufous, the inner 
webs cinnamon towards the base; tail rufous, with a broad subapical 
black band on the lateral feathers, while the central ones are 
uniform ; size somewhat less than that of the adult male. {Mm. 
Paris.) 

A curious individual variety has the base of the primaries white. 
{Mus. Paris.) 

The Paris Museum possesses a very large series of specimens 
showing every stage from youth {C. pampusan) to the fully adult 
bird described above. 

Bab. Marianne or Ladrone Islands, 

PERISTEKID.®. 

20. Phlogcenas virgo. 
Phlegoanas virgo, Rchnw. J.f. 0. 1885, p. 110 (Pelew Is.); Wiglesw. 
Ave* Polynes. p. 57, n. 292 (1891). 

" Head, neck, and crop-region white; crown, occiput, and nape 
tinged with fulvous brown; back and wings glossy violet-brown, 
the violet colour more conspicuous on the wings, while the back is 
duller with a coppery-brownish tinge; quills brown-black; tail-
feathers slate-grey, with a subapical blacker band and with the tips 
paler: underparts grey black. Total length about 11*75 inches, 
wing 5-9, tail 4-1, bill 0-78, tarsus 1-2. 

" Nearly allied to P. erythroptera, but it is easily distinguished 
by the rusty isabelline colour of the crown, occiput, and hind neck." 
(Translation.) 

Hob. Pelew Islands. 
This bird seems very similar to Ph. jpampusan, with which it 
must be compared. 

The following species are still unidentified : — 

1. PlILOGCENAS PECTORALIS. 
Peristera pectoralis, Peak. Un. St. Expl. Exped., Birds, p. 205, pi. 59 (1848) 
(Carlshoff I., Paumotu Islands); HartL Wiegni. ArcMv, 1852, pp. 116, 
135; id. J. f. 0.1854, p. 170; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 89 (1854); id. Compt. 
Bend. ad. p. 207 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. p. 45 (1855); G. B. 
Gr. Cat. B. Trop. 1st. p. 44 (1859); ScUeg. K T. B. iv. p. 28 (1871). 

Phlegcenas pectoralis, Bp. Compt. Rend. xl. p. 221, n. (?) (1855) ; id. Coup 
dml Ordre Pig. p. 59, n.(?) (1855); Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 41 (1862); 
Hartl. $ Finsch, J. f. O. 1870, p. 134 (Paumotu I.); Wiglesw. Aves 
Polynes. p. 56, n. 287 (1891). 

Peristera erythroptera, part., Cass. Un. St. "Expl. Expect., Orniih. p. 277 

(1858); Sclat. Ibis, 1859, p. 327*. 
Phlegoenas erythroptera, Rchnb. (nee Gm.) Tauben, ii. p. 166 (1862). 
Phlegoenas erythroptera, var., G. B. Gr. Band-list, ii. p. 247, n. 9446 (var.) 

(1870). 
Leptoptila erythroptera, part., Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 162(1873). 

Female. "Body robust; head, neck, and breast fulvous, palest on the forehead 
; nape dark purple; scapulars dark olive-green having a golden iridescence 
; wings, body, and tail sepia-brown, inclining to dark grey on the upper 
surfaces of tail-feathers and quills; quill-feathers arcuate, the third one longest; 
shafts brown; tail rounded, consisting of twelve feathers (?), and extending one 
inch beyond the closed wings; claws short, nearly straight, and black; irides 
reddish brown; feet and legs large, of a reddish brown; bill black. Total 
length 8"5 inches, tail 4'5, bill (about) 0*55." (Peale.) 

Bab. Oarlshoff, Paumotu Islands. 

2. PlILOGCENAS sp . 
Oolumba pectoralis, Ellis's Icon. ined. 71 (York Island, or Eimeo or Imaio); 
Wiglesw. Aves Polynes. p. 56 (1891). 

* Sclater mentions a species from New Caledonia I 
31 . 2HL0GGEKTAS. 
605 

Caloenas erythroptera, var., G. 5. tfr. ^ ^ Trop, M - 44 (1859), 

erythroptera' var"

(1870)aS <?-^ ^- #«*<wU ii. p. 247, n. 9440 

Ellis's Icon. ined. 71, in the British Museum, represents a bird similar to 
Ph erythroptera on the upper parts, and with the Forehead and the eyebrows 
white as m that species, but it has the undorparte entirely white. If such a bird 
really exists, it no doubt belongs to a distinct species. 

3. PllLOQCDNAS Sp. 
Garnet-winged Pigeon, var. from Tanna, Lath. Gen. Sun. ii. p. 025 (1783). 
Oolumba erythroptera, var. y, Gm. B. JV. i, 2, p. 775 (1788): Lath. Intl. 
Om. ii. p. 598 (1790). F ^ ; 
Oolumba erythroptera, var. 5, Bonn. Tabl. Eric. Meth. i. p. 244 (1790): 

Bechst. Lath. XJebers. iv. p. 379 (1811). 
Oolumba erythroptera, var. B, Bechst. Lath. Uebers. ii. p. 006 (1794). 
Oolumba erythroptera, part., Temm. Pig. i. fain. sec. p. 123(1808-11); id. 

Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 273, 473 (part.) (1813); Vieill N. D. xxvi. p. 344 
(part.) (1818); Steph. Gen. Z00L xi. p. 57 (part.) (1819); Desm. Diet. Sc. 
Nat. xl. p. 336 (part.) (1826); Wagl. Sgst. Av. Oolumba, sp. 74 (part.) 
(1827); Less. CompL de Buffi, Ois. viii, p. 41 (part.) (1837); id. op. cit. 
2nd ed. p. 280 (part.) (1838); Bchleg. K T. JD. iv. p. 28 (1871). 

Oakenas ferruginea, part., G. R. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. M. p. 45 (1859) (Tanna, 
New Hebrides). 
Phlegcenas ferruginea, G. E. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 247, n. 9448 (1870) (syn. 
emend.). 
Phlegoenas ?, Wiglesw. Aves Polyn. p. 55, n. 282. 

All we know about this bird is contained in the following paragraph by 
Latham:—"In the same collection [of Sir Joseph Banks] I find also one 
[Pigeon] wbich came from the Island of Tanna, and seems between both the 
above (Garnet-winged Pigeon from Tanna and var. from Otaheite); for it has 
the white streak over the eye of the first, and the fore part to the breast white 
as the last; the forehead, sides of the head, and fore part of the neck are also 
white; legs deep dull crimson; belly and back reddish black; tail rounded." 

Hob. Tanna, New Hebrides. 
Possibly the adult or male of the following species. 


4 . PlILOGCGNAS PEKRUGINEA. 
Oolumba ferruginea, G. Forsier (nprfSfl), Icon, ined. 142; Forster, Descr. 

An. (ed. Licht.) p. 265 (1844) (Tanna). 
Oolumba curvirostra, laoht. (nee Gm.) I. c. note (1844). 
Treron fulvicollis, part., G. B. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 23 (1849). 
Osmotreron fulvicollis, part, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 14 (1854) (Tanna). 
Oalcenas ferruginea, G. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 45 (1859) (syn. emend.); 

Lamrd, Ibis, 1878, pp. 276, 280 (New Hebrides) ,* Bams. Pr. Linn. 80c. 
K S. W. iii. p. 339 (1879) (Havannah Harbour). 
Phlegoenas ferruginea, G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 247, n. 9448 (1870); 
Wiglesw. Aves Polynes. p. 56, n. 288 (syn. emend.) (1891). 

" Oolumba brachyura ... . Corpus magnitudine, statura, habitu proximum 
Columba leucophri, verum paulo maior ... . irides flavescentes. Palpebral 
nudiusculas, coerulescentes. redes sanguinei (ut in C. leucophri). Caput, coilum, 
pectus ferruginea. Dorsum et uropygium fusco-purpurea s. badia. Abdomen 
et crissum cinereo-grisea. Eemiges primores fuscas, margine exteriore tenuissimo 
pallido; reliqua alse viridi-fusca; subtus saturate cinereas. Cauda squalls. 
Eectrices 10 (!), fusco-ferrugineae." (Forster.) 

Hab. The island of Tanna, N. Hebrides. 

606 PERISTEEIDiE. 

This species is only known from Forster's drawing and description. It appears 
to be very similar to the females of Ph. scairi and Ph. Mnioptibi*, and probably 
it is only the female of the bird, also from Tanna, described by Latham as a 
variety of the Garnet-winged Pigeon. 

5. PHLOGQZXAS? RUBESCJEXS. 
Der Kokuh, Krusnisi. Vug. pi. 17. fig. 1 (1814) (Xukahiva, Marquesas I ) 
(in Russian). 

Colurnba rubescens, Tin1!. X. D. xxvi. p. 340 (ISIS) \j-£ Knwintern): id. 
Ene.lLfk.L p. 37* (1*23): De^u Li t. Se.Xaf \Lp.371 (1820): WotjL 
Sr/sz. Ar. Column*, sp dub. 12 (1827). 

Pampusana rubescens, Bp. Co a*p. Av. ii. p. 90 11850*; id. Compf. Bend. 

xl. pp. 208, 221. ii.20ti ilNl5); /</. ConprTiV Orclrt Pig. pp. 4t5, 51), 
n.209 (1855r. B*hab. Ta»h>„, i. p. 40 (1802 . 
Phlegienas eryfhroptwa. part., Bp. Co/up*. Bmd. \'iii. p. 040 (1850). 
CaLnias {Pampimna rube* '«i*. (r. B. Gt\ 0a*. B. TSOJJ. I*t. p. 45 (1*50]. 
Pampusanna rubesmi», Or, B. hr. Hfitid-Jt^, h. p. 047, n. 0451 < 1S70). 
Phaps rube^een-, irlth. 7k* \ Oft. iii. p. 00 ls77j. 
Phie»cenas rubescens, Wigh^r. Ant> PofgiteK p. ~M7 n. 2^5 f 1S01). 
"Tete et con cendrces ; cvtte otiW r e»t plu-s foueCu Mir I'ueciput que «ur les 
autre p iriies; le corp-s, lesaile^ et la qwuf1 *»ontd'un brun-ro ijf\,tre; le** penned 
interieures de Faiie ft la b ibe d*>* ex* i'neure* de U quea** >ont blaneliea. Longuer 
totale hull pouws." ( Vuifh f ev Kntb*tt^trn.) 

Hah. ^XuLahiva, Marqut»*a- Islands. 
Only known from Kru^en-stent's at* *otinf. 


0. PiiLfx.n'Ais sp. 
Colurnba pvrrhaera, Iorsf. I)t*c*\ At*, ijd. Lich.) p. 211 (1*14) (Marqut'saav 
Is.). • ^ 

Unde^mbed. 
u GJitifthm pgrrhucra sylvas [ilarchiunis llencloza? In«ularum] inhabitant" 
(Foster). 

Mr. G. R. Gray I Cat. B. Trop. 14. p. 45) has with a query referred the 
above synonym to Otilwaas /•uhesrtM. 

7. PHLOGCEXAS sp. 
Purple-breasted Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 020, n. 10 (1783) (ESmeo). 
Colurnba eimeensw, (rm. S. X i. 2, p. 784, n. 00 (1788); Lath. Inri. Orn. 

ii. p. 501), n. 21 (170O); Bonn. Tithl. Em. Mill. i. p. 244 (1790); Btclmt. 
Lath. EW*w. ii. p. 009 (1794), iv. p. 380 (1811); 2>MM. Pig. et Orallin. 
i. p. 4155 (1813); Vieill. N. B. xxvi. p. 363 (1818); Sfeph. Oen. Zool. xl 
p. 39 (1819); Dfhm. Diet Sc. Sat. xl. p. 374 (1821;); Wagl ttgsf. Am 
Columbia sp. dub. 3 (1827); SrMeg. N. T. I), iv. p. 28 (1871). 
? Colombe a collier pourpre, Tatua. Pig. et frallin. L p. 372 (1813). 
Treron ?eimensis, (r. B. dr. (ten. B. ii. p. 407, n. 17 (1844). 
?Calcenas eimeensis, (r. B. Gr. Cat. B. Trap. 1st. p. 44 (1844) (Eiraeo). 
Phlogoenas erythroptera, part., Or. B. Gr. Bmul-Uhi, ii. p. 247, n. 0446 

(1870). 
Phlegcenas ferruginea, part., Wigkbw. Aves Bohpies. p. 56, n. 288 (1801). 

" Length 14 inches. Bill black; sides of the head beneath the eyes dusky ; 
the forehead, throat, and fore part of the neck of a pale rufous or rather 
vinaceous colour; the crown and hind part of the neck dusky brown, with a 
greenish tinge on the first; sides of the neck red-brown, changing into a glossy 
purple or lake colour as it advances downwards, uniting on both sides to form 

32 . LETJCOSARCIA. 
a bar of the same colour on the breast; the wing-coverts are of tke same 
beautiful purple-red as the bar on the breast; the quills are dusky ; above the 
purple bar on the breast is a transverse band of white; the belly dusty; the 
legs are red, an inch and a half in length ; claws black." {Latham.) 

Hab. Is. of Eimeo, Society Islands. 

8. 
PHLQGOENAS sp. 
Pacific Pigeon, Lath. Hist of B. viii. p. 45 (1823) (Tonga Islands—Mayorga 
or Vavao, or Vavau, or Howe's Island). 
Oalcenas ?, G. R. Gr. Cat. B. Trop. Id. p. 45 (1859). 

" Length 18 inches. Head, neck, and breast purple; nape glossed with green ; 
ehin and throat white ; the rest of the body cinnamon-colour." {Latham.) 
Hab. Howe's Island {General JDavles). 

32. LEUCOSAKCIA. 
Type. 
Leucosarcia, Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 63 (pt. xiii., 1843) .. L. picata. 
Range. Confined to Australia. 

1. Leucosarcia picata. 
White-faced Pigeon, Lath. Gen.Syn. Suppl. ii. 2, p. 268, n. 4 (1802). 

Pied Pigeon, Lath, ibid. p. 268, n. 5 (1802). 

Coluraba nielanoleuca, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. lix, n. 1 (1802) 
(Port Jackson); VieilL N. D. xxvi. p. 355 (1818); id. JEnc. MStk. 

i. p. 377 (1823); Wagl Syst. An. Oolumba, sp. dub. 8 (1827). 
Coluraba 
picata, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. lix, n. 2 (1802) (Port 
Jackson); VieilL N. D. xxvi. p. 356 (1818) ; id. JEnc. Meth. i. 

p. 377 (1823); Wagl. Syst. Av. Oolumba,#sp. 42 (1827). 
Oolumba 
armillaris, Temm. fy Knip, Pig. i. fam. sec. p. 13, pi. 6 
(1808-11); Temm. Fig. et Gallin. i. pp. 97, 447, with var. (1813); 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 15, with var. /S (1819); Desm. Diet. Sc. 
Nat. xl. pp. 319, 373 (1826); Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 469 (1831); 

P. Z. S. 1834, p. 110. 
Colombe Goad-gang*, Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. p. 369 (1813). 
Oolumba picator {errore), Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 16 (in syn. C. armillaris) 
(1819). 

[Oolombe] ]amieson, Quoy §* Gaim. Voy. Uran., Zool. p. 123 (note) 
(1824). 

Oolumba jamiesoni, Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 310 (1826); Less. 
Compl. de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 16 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 273 
(1838). 

Phaps picata, Selby, Nat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 194 (1835); G. R. Gr. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 477, n. 4 (1845); id. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, 
p, 62 (1856); id. Ibis, 1862, p. 232; Finsch, J. f. 0.1872, p. 87 ; 
Gieb. Thes. Orn. iiL p. 90 (1877); Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 40 
(1889). 

Leucosarcia picata, 
Gould, B. Austr. v. pi. 63 (pt. xiii., 1843); Rchnb. 
Yog. Neuholl sp. 425 (1850); id. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxvi, tab. xxiii. 
(1852); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 86 (1854); id. CompL Rend. xl. 
pp. 206, 221, n. 257 (1855); id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Pig. pp. 44, 59, 

PEEISTERIDJE. 

n. 257 (1855); Balk, J. f. O. 1856^p. 1C6 ^ZuchAi, J. f. (X 
(1862) ii. p. 166 (1865): Gould, Handb. B. Amir, ii. p. 120 (lbt>51; 
Sclat. P.Z. S. 18(39, p. U2S; J?a«. 2&«. WO, p. 3147 IX. Zealand, 
introduced); 6% JR. Gr. Hand-l&t, ii. p. 2 kJ. n. 9441 11 ts701: Suwlee. 
2W . p. 100 (1872); Suuta, Jtlus. Xtv*. Li»b. Culumb-e. p. 22 
(1878); Pels. Ibi% 1673T p. &> {one of the type-!" *; ifoww. P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 116; id. Tr.Linn. &*. X.S. W. I p. 155 I K«i, II. p. 11*5, 

n. 523 (1878); &z&. Cat B. StrickL C»U. p. 5->l tl^lfj; »V^if. 
Z*V F«tf. -4/L hthed. p. 461 fj^3}; Gnd>KU<L P. X .V. 1^;, 
p. 19o; Pt/s. 4* B/reas, Ami. Xatvrk. Ibtfuw*. ill. p.-iff f 1^H*M; 
J&Z/TW. 7V/&. £wf, p. 1HT B. -A%J fl^H«Hl; S'rfft, Xr*t* A-Djyx />. 
Austr. p. 272 {l&8i)j; /£«>!. 4-JRihmr. Xi*m*»tL Mu*. II*m. Orn. 
p. 2bG (1893); Hartert, Kat. V**gtlmMMl. p. 1*0 < M*i 1. 
Phaps (Leuco.«arcia) picata, Blyth, Cat. B. M»K A., »S. B. p. 2.'j*\ 
12. 1442{lb4Hj. 
Goura picataT Schley. Be Uierent. p. 2(H | i ^*S !• 1* 
Leptoptila picata, Schley. J/i«. P.-/A V,tinmh§% p. !*;:» 4H7*1L 
Leucosarcia plcta («r<//v), Garrvd, Ii Z *S*. 1*74, p. 2"#& 
jicZwft male. Upper parts, wingn.and tail Ie?id-#rey : iWhe'td md 
chin white ; lores black ; a whitish ill-ihfmtd HUM uwh*r thi* t y# *< 
and 011 the upper ear-coverts ; checks light grty\ fcradu illy pa^intr 
into the dark grey lead-colour of I hi* bmi^t tin* latter iht**rTupr*' 1 
by a broad semicircular white bawl, whieh eiicir**!*** tii* Uiiddl«« part 
of the breast; middle of the lower bn»a.st whit**; IV if IUTS <<f th#* 
sides and abdomen with triangular black «jnjth lie ir tliti extivmity 
and broadly edged with white; under tail-coverto hroun, tinned 
with buff, particularly on the inner web, and broadly edgrcd with 
whitish; quills brown ; under wing-coverts dark gn*y, with whitish 
edges; tail above like the upper parts; the threw* or four out<*r 
feathers tipped with white; " xride? very dark brown, surrounded 
by a narrow pink-red lash ; tip of the bill parjilish black ; hme of 
the bill and the fleshy operculum covering the n< Mr ribs pink-nil ; 
legs and feet pink-red" (Gould). Total length about 15 inches, 
wing 8-4, tail 5*75, bill 0*75, tarsus 1*11 

Young. Similar to the adult, only browner on the wing, and without 
the dark centres to the feathers of the side**. 
Bah. Eastern Australia* from Kockingham Bay, through tho 
interior, to Victoria. 

a. Ad. sk. Australia* Zoiiliirlcal Society's 
Cull 
b. Juv, st. Bred in confioement. Zoological Societv'a 
Cull 
c. Ad»sk. Australia* A,Cmmnmghmm$l^pfi. 
d. Ad. sk. Australia. Tweeddak Ccill 
e,/, g. Ad. sk. Australia (X T. Oodcereti). Salvin-0odiiian ColL 
h. Skeleton. Australia. 
33 . ETTTRYGOT. 
33. EUTEYG02T. 
Twgnn & M. Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 24 (1849) (ex Horn-^ 
brut $• Jacqumot) . _ _ E< terrestris. 
lrreon, !&£«&. .4r. Syst. Sat. p. xxvi (1852) (nee 
Arfinmn* neque Brehn, 1831) E. terrestris. 
Eutiy^on, Sclat. Journ. Br. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 168 (i85S)'. E. terrestris! 

R*ut*j*>. Confined to Sew Guinea. 

Key to the Species. 


'!' l"PiJr, ™g~coveris dark ^rey terrestris, p. 609. 
fj. Miidiier and median upper wing-coverts slightly 
washed with reddish or purplish colour .!.., , leucopareia, p. 610. 

1. Eutrygon, terrestris. 
Irnqm, Ilombr. Sr
terre&tre*, Hombr. $ Jacq. 
Jacq.Jacq. Voy. 
Voy.Voy. Bole 
BoleBole Sud, Atlas, Ois. pi. 28. 
, t?

t. i (1*40) (type examined) 
examined)examined).. 
Tra'jnn twe-trl% G. It Gr. Gen. B. App. p. 24 (1849); Bucher. fy 
Jnrq. Vmj. Pole S/fd, Zool iii. p. 123 (1853); Des Mars inChenu, 

Snbym. II. p. 101 (1*50); «tf. P. £ & 1858, p. 196; id. Cat. 
Ii. Sew Gain. p. 48 (1*39); id. B. Z. S. 1861, p. 437; Rchnb. 
Ttmhefi, i. p. 45, n. 9? (1862); Mosenb. N. T. S. I. xxv. p. 250, 

ii. 2-111 (1*<KJ): ttf. J". / . 0. 1864, p. 133, n. 239; JPrnc/i, iV7"^<
Viu/i. p. 179 (18f>5); Wall. Ibis, 1865, pp. 369, 392, n. 102; id. 
J.f. 0. 18130, pp. 203, 283, n. 102; id. Malay. Archip. ii. p. 430 
(1*130): G. It Gr. Handlist, ii. p. 245, n. 9425 (1870). 
Trujfon terrestre, Rehnb. Syn. AD. Oolumbariae, Sovit. t. 259. f. 2598 
(1361). 
Trvjron terrestris, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Sat. p. xxvi (1852); Hartl. 
'J.f.O. 1854, p. 106; Sundev. Meth nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 100 
^ 11872); Beee. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 (1875). 

Starnsenas terrestris, Aliq.jide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 86 (1854). 
Eutrvgon terrestris, Sclat. Journ. Br. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 168, n. 151 
flfcjg); id. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 697; Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. 

vii. p. 791 (1875), ix. p. 207, n. 83 (1876), x. p. 161 (1877); 
If Alb. $ Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 124 (1879); D'Alb. 
Suma Guin. pp. 459, 528, 582, 588 (1880); Salvad. Orn. Bap. e 
Mel. iii. p. 180 (1882); Guillem. B. Z. S. 1885, p. 662; Tristr. 
Cat. Cbll B. p. 40 (1889); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. 
p. 65 {Agg. Orn. Bap. e Mol. p. 191) (1891). 
Starnoenas terrestris, Schleg. Mus. B.-B. Cohrmbae, p. 166 (1873); 
Rosmh. Malay. Archip. p. 396 (1878). 
Phaps terrestris, Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 151 (1875), iii. p. 91 (1877). 

Adult male. Head, neck, upper hack, and breast bluish leadcolonr, 
paler on tlie forehead and chin; anterior frontal feathers 
tinged with: pale brown; cheeks and ear-coverts whitish grey; 

* French, and not a Latin name. 
VOL. XXI. 2 E 
610 
PEBISTEBIDJB. 

feathers on the sides and hind neck short and blackish; lower back, 

rump, upper tail-coverts, wings, and tail dark grey, tinged with olive 

on the wing-coverts* middle of the abdomen whitish buff or cream


colour • sides bright rufous; under tail-coverts pale rufous ; quills 

brown, with narrow rufous outer edges, especially towards the tip 

of the secondaries ; under wing-coverts whitish cream-colour, tipped 

with brown-black, the smaller ones entirely black: bill whitish, 

with the base ashy; feet pale flesh-colour; iris red. Total length 

about 13*36 inches, wing 7*20, tail 5-5, bill 07 , tarsus 1*6. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Young. The greater wing-coverts edged with rufous. 

Eab. Western New Guinea and Salawatti. 

a, b. Ad. sk. et New Guinea. Wallace Coll. 
st. 


c. Ad. sk, New Guinea. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
d, 
$ ad. sk. Karons, N. W. New Guinea, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
April (L. Laglaize). 

2. Eutrygon leucopareia. 
Eutrygon terrestris, part., Sharpe in Gould1 s B. Neto Guin. pt. xiii. 
(1882) j Safoad. Orn. Pap. e MoL iii. p. 563 (part.) (1882). 
Eutrygon leucopareia, Meyer, Zeitschr. f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 29 ; 
jSalvad. Mem. M. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 65 (Ago. Orn. Pap. e MoL 

p. 191) (1891). 
Similar to K terrestris, but with the smaller and median upper 
wing-coverts slightly washed with reddish or purplish colour, and 
with the cheeks, throat, and forehead more whitish. 

Eab. S.E. New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Ely Eiver (?), New Guinea. Gould Coll. 
b. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mountains, New Tweeddale Coll. 
Guinea, June (A. Goldie). 
c. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Port Moresby (A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Goldie). 
d. e. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea (A. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Goldie). 
34. 
OTIDIPHAPS. 
Type, 
Otidiphaps, Gould, Ann. Sr Mag. N. H. (4) v. p. 62 
(1870) 0. nobilis. 


Range. New Guinea and Eergusson Island. 

Key to the species. 

a. Hind neck bronze-green 
nobilis, p. 611. 
b. Hind neck grey 
cervicalis, p. 611. 
c. Hind neck black like the head 
insularis, p. 612. 
34. OTIDIPHAPS. 
611 

1. Otidiphaps nobilis. 
Otidiphaps nobilis, Gould, Ann. $ Mar/. iV. II. (4) v. p. 02 (1870); id. 
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 4; Select. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 157 ; G. R. Gr. Handlist, 
ii. p. 246, n. 9441 (1870); Gould, B. of As. pt. xxiii. pi. 7 
(1871); Sclat. $ JD'Alb. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 559; Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 698; Schleg. Mus. P.~B. Columbce, p. 170 (1873): 
Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 250; Gieb. Tim. Orn. ii. p. 776 (1875) ; 
Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 716 (1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. vii. p. 792 (1875), ix. p. 207, n. 84 (1876), x. p. 161 
(1877) ; Meyer, Vogel-8kelet. t. viii. (pt. i., 1879) j Rosenb. Malay. 
Archip. p. 396 (1879); DAlh. Nuova Guin. pp. 80, 582 (1880); 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 188 (1882) ; Meyer, Sifzb. u. Abh. 
Ges. Ms, 1884, Abh. i. p. 52 (nest & egg) (1883)'; Guillem. P. Z. S. 
1885, p. 662; Tristr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 40 (1889); Salvad. Mem. R. 
Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 65 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol p. 191) (1891). 
Adult male. Head and occipital crest green-black; hind neck 
metallic bronze-green; back and wings purple-chestnut; mantle 
near the nape with golden lustre; rump purple, changing into 
purple-blue on the lower part; upper tail-coverts steel-blue black; 
lower fore neck, breast, and sides black-purple; under tail-coverts 
steel-blue black ; middle of the abdomen greenish black; primaries 
and their coverts brown-black; outer webs of the secondaries 
chestnut; tail above black with a green lustre, underneath deep 
black : " bill coral-red ; tarsus in front yellow, behind purple; toes 
black; irides red" (D'Alhertis). Total length about 21 inches, 
wing 7*75, tail 8, bill 1, tarsus 2-3. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Mob. Western New Guinea and Batanta. 

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Gould Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
1. $ ad. sk. New Guinea. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. <$ ad. sk, Passim, New Guinea, June{Br. A. B.Meyer).
i 
Salvin-Godmim Coll. 
2. Otidiphaps cervicalis. 

Otidiphaps nobilis, var. cervicalis, Mams. Pr. Linn. Soc. JV. S. W. iv. 

p. 470 (31st December, 1879) ; Sclat. fy Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 179. 
Otidiphaps cervicalis, Hams, op. cit., errata ; Sclat. $ Salv. 1. c.; 
Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. pp. 190, 563 (1882); Sharpe, Journ. 
Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 447 (1882); id. in Goulds B. Neio Gain. 
pt xiii. pi. 1 (1882); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xviii. p. 430, 

B. 23 (1882); Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. viii. pp. 16, 27 (nest 
& egg) (1883); Finsch <$• Meyer, Zeitschr.f. ges. Orn. 1886, p. 29; 
Hem. & Behnw. Nomenol. Mus. Hem. Orn. p. 287 (1890); Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) x, p. 826 (1891); id. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. 
Tor. (2) xlii. p. 65 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 191) (1891). 
Otidiphaps regalis, Salv. # Godm. Ibis, 1880 (Julv), p. 364, pi. 11; 
Bchnw $ Schal J.f.O. 1881, p. 74; Sclat. $ Salv. Ibis, 1881, 

p. 178; Trtstr. Cat. Coll. B. p. 40 (1889). 
Adult male. Head and occipital crest black; nape grey; back 
and wings purple-chestnut; mantle near the nape with golden 
2 K 2 

612 
PERISTERIDJE. 

lustre; lower back, ramp, and 
upper tail-coverts dark metallic 

green, the bases of the feathers somewhat blue; lower fore neck 

dark bronze-green, changing into purple-blue on the upper breast, 

and then into dark bronze-green on the lower breast, abdomen, and 

under tail-coverts; the feathers of the latter parts have the bases 

more or less blue ; primaries and their coverts brown-black; outer 

wobs of the secondaries chestnut; tail above black with a green 

lustre, underneath deep black : " bill coral-red ; feet purple, with 

the scales straw-yellow or orange; soles greyish green" (Loria). 

Total length about 19 inches, wing 7*4, tail 7*5, bill 1, tarsus 2*55. 

Bab. S.E. New Guinea. 

a. Ad. sk. Interior of Port Moresbv, 0. Himstein, Esq. 
S.E. New Guinea. * [C.]. 
b. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Port Moresby, Salvin-Godman Coll. 
S.E. New Guinea (A. (Type of O. regalis, 
Goldie). Salv. & Godm.) 
c. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mountains, June Tvreeddale Coll. 
(A. Goldie). 
d. Ad. sk. Astrolabe Mountains. Br. EoxnUly [P.X 
e. Ad. sk. Goldie River. A. Goldie, Esq. "[C.l. 
/. Juv. sk. Meroka, New Guinea, Nov. H. 0. Forbes, Esq. [C.]. 
g, h. Ad. sk. S.E. New Guinea (A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. " 
3. Otidiphaps insularis. (Plate XY.) 
Otidiphaps insularis, Salv. $ Godm. P. Z. S. 1883, p. S3; Bchmc. % 
Schal. J. f. 0. 1885, p. 455; JSalvad. Mem. B. Ac, 8c. Tor. (*2) 

xlii. p. 65 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 191) (1891). 
Type. Head and neck blue-black; underparts black, with a 

greenish tinge on the upper breast and a purple one on the lower 

breast and abdomen ; back and wings cinnamon ; lower back and 

rump dark olive, changing into purple on the upper tail-coverts, the 

larger of the latter blue-black; quills and under wing-coverts brown ; 

tail above blue-black, underneath 
deep black: bill coral-red; feet 

vinous red, with the front scales yellow. Total length 15 inches, 

wing 7*4, tail 6-6, bill 0*95, tarsus 2-22. 

Bab. Fergusson Island. 

a. Ad. sk. Fergusson Island {Goldie). Salvin-Godrnan Coll. 
(Type of species.) 
35. 
STAMTCEITAS. 
Type. 
Starncenas* Bp. Comp. List, p. 41 (1838) S. cyanocephala. 
Stamaenas, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 479 (1845). 
Sternoenas, Rchnb. Syn. Av. ff. 1445-46 (1847). 
Perdicopelia, Van der Hoeven, Handb. d. Zool. ed. % 


ii. p. 680 (1855) S. cyanocephala. 
Range. Cuba (and Florida Keys). 
* Stammas is a compound word from the Italian fltarna, grey partridge, 
and (Enas. 

35 . STAENCEKAS. 
613 

1. Stanicenas cyanocephala. 
Turttir jarnaicensis, Briss. Orn. i. p. 135, t. xiii. f. 1 (1700). 

Coluaiba cyanocephala, Linn. S. N. i. p. 282, n. 20 (17G6): Jaeqma. 
Beytr. p. 36, n. 30, t. 17 (1784); Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 778, u. 20 
(1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 608, n. 54 Q790); Bonn. Tabl. Etc. 
Meth. p. 235, pi. 74. £ 3 (1790); Hayes, Bortr. of rare and 
curious Birds, i. pi. 4 (1794); Temm. <$• Knip, Big. i. fam. trois. p. 8 
pi. 3 (1808-13J; Temm. Big. et Gallin. i. pp. 390, 492 (1813); 
Vieill N. D. xxvi. p. 397 (1818); JDesm. Diet Sc. Nat. xl. p. 304 
(1826); Waal. Syst Av. Columba, sp. 112 (1827); And. Orn. 
Biogr. ii. p. 441 (1834), v. p. 557, pi. clxxii. (1839) ; Less. Compl. 
de Buff., Ok. viii. p. 5 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd eel. p. 270 (1838) ; 
d'Orb. in La Sagra's Hist. Nat. Cuba, Ois. p. 174 (lar<re ed. p. 128) 
(1839); Benny, P. Z. S. 1847, p. 39 ; Sundev. K. So. vk-Ak. 
Handl. 1857, p. 55, n. 281. 
Oolumba tetraoides, Scop. Ami. I. Hist. Nat. n. 180 (1769); Gm. 

S. N. i. p. 772, n. 3 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 594, n. 4 (1790); 
Bonn. Enc. Meth. i. p. 245 (1790); Vieill. N. B. xxvi. p. 345 
(1818) ; Besm. Biet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 370 (1826). 
Tourterelle de la Jamai'que, JDAubent. Bl. Enl. 174; Buff. Hist. 

Nat. Ois. ii. p. 558 (1781). 
Tetraoid Pigeon, Lath. Sijn. ii. 2, p. 616, u. 4 (1783). 
Blue-headed Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 651, n. 45 (1783); id. Suppl. 


i. p. 100 (1787). 
Colombi-perdrix a cravate noire, Lemill. Ois. d'Afr. vi. p. 112, 
pi. 281 (1808). 
Goura cyanocephala, Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 125 (1819); Schleg. Be 
Dierent. p. 208 (1864). 
Columba (Lophyrus) cyanocephala, Less. Tr. dVOrn. p. 476 (1831) ; 
Nutt. Man. i. (2nd ed.) p. 769 (1840). 
Geophilus ? cyanocephalus, Selby, Nat. Libr., Bigeons, p. 216, pi. 27 
(183o). 
Starnoenas cyanocephala, Bp. Comp. List, p. 41 (1838); Aud. Syn. 


p. 193 (1839); 6. B. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 58 (1840); Aud. B. Am. 
v. p. 23, pi. eclxxxiv. (1842) ; Hartl. Syst. Verz. p. 99 (1844); 
Gosse, B. Jam. p. 324 (note) (1847); Bp. Comp. Av. ii. p. 69 
(1854); id. Compt. Rend. xl. pp. 102, 220, n. 203 (1855) ; id. 
Coup dceil Ordre Big. pp. 34, 58, n. 203 (1855); Burm. Syst. Ueb. 
In. Bras., Vog. ii. p. 308 (1856) (Venezuela, Brazil I); G. B. Gr. 
List B. Brit. Mm. Columbse, p. 58 (1856); Gundl. J.f.O. 1856, 
p. 108 (Cuba); Baird, B. N. Am. p. 608 (1858); id. List, n. 455 
(1858) j Brewer, Br. Bost. Soe. N. H. vii. p. 307 (1860) (Cuba); 
Gundl. J.f O. 1861, p. 336; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 30, t. 257. 
f. 1431 (ex Levaill), t 260. &. 1445-46, t. 266. if. 2879-81 (1862); 
AJbrecH, J.f. 0.1862, p. 204 (Jamaica?); Sclat. B.Z.S. 1865, 
p. 239 note; Gundl. Rep. Fisico-Nat. Cuba, i. p. 299 (1866); G. 
H. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 244, n. 9412 (1870); Schleg. Mus. B.-B. 
Cohimhse, p. 166 (1873); Sclat. fy Salv. Nomencl. Av. Neotrop. 
p. 134 (1873) (Cuba); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 639,1874, pp. 250, 
256; Bdd. Ibis, 1874, p. 456; Gundl. J.f.O. 1874, p. 291 (Cuba) ; 
Baird, Brew. <$r Midgw. Hist. N. Am. Birds, iii. p. 395 (1874) ; 
Coues, Check-list, n. 377 (1874); Bidgw. Cat. n. 468 (1880); 
Maynard, B. E. N. Am. p. 343 (1881); Coues, Chech-list (2nd ed.) 
n. 551 (1882); Sclat. List Ve?-t. An. 8th ed. p. 462 (1883); Coues, 
Hey N. Am. Birds, 2nd ed. p. 571, f. 393 (1884); Cory, List B. W. 
Ind. p. 24 (1885); A. O. U. Check-list N. Am. B. p. 182, n. 323 
PEBISTEEI-D^. 

614 

(1886); JRidgw. Man. N. Am. B. p. 217, pi. lxiv. f. 1 (1887); 
Cory, Auk, 1887, p. 120; id. B. W. Ind. p. 221 (1889); Hem. $ 
Bchnw. Nome?icl Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 285 (1889); Scott, Auk, 
1892, p. 124 (Jamaica?); Cory, ibid. pp. 271, 272 (Cuba); 
Chapm.Bull. Am. Mus. N. Jff. iv. p. 294 (1892) (Cuba). 

Staminas cyanocephala, G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 479, n. 1 (1845). 
Sternoenas cyanocepbala, Rchnb. Syn. Av. ff. 1445-46 (1847), Novit. 
Suppl. t. 206. ff. 2879-81 (1851) {ex Audubon); id. Av. Syst. Nat. 

p. xxv (1852). 
Perdicopelia cyanocepbala, Van der Hoeven, Handb. d. Zool. ed. 2, 
ii. p. 680 (1855). 
Geotrygon cyanocepbala, Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 255 (1875). 
Sturncenas cyanocepbala, Schmidt, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 314. 
Adult male. General colour olive-brown above and dull rusty 
beneath, the breast with a purple tinge; the mantle and nape with 
no olive tinge; pileum dull blue, encircled by a black band; a 
broad white stripe running from chin, beneath eye, to occiput; 
throat and chest black, bordered below by a semicircular narrow 
band of pure white, edged with black; the upper and lateral 
portions of the black area tipped with blue: "bill coral-red at 
the base, blue-grey at the tip; legs dull reddish white, with the 
scales bright carmine-red, those of the toes dark bluish red; the 
skin at the joint of the toes to the tarsus sky-blue; iris dark 
brown " (GundlacJi). Total length 12-50-10*75 inches, wing 5*75-
4, tail 4-25-4-00, bill 0-55, tarsus 1-25. 

Hob. Cuba (and Plorida Keys). 

a. Ad. sk. Cuba. Purchased. 
b. Ad. sk. W. Indies (Zool. Soc. Gard.). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
c. Skeleton. 
d. Skeleton. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e,f. Skeletons. Purchased. 
g. Skull. Dr. Giinther's Coll. 
Subfamily VII. CALGENADIKSI. 

36. CALffiNAS. 
Type. 

Geophilus, Selby, Natural. Libr., Pigeons, p. 214 (1835) 

(nee Leach, 1812) C. nicobarica. 
Caloenas, G. JR. Gr. list Gen. B. p. 59 (1840) C. nicobarica. 
Phabalectryo, Gloger, Gem. Hand- u. Hilfs. d. Naturq. 

p.367(1842) ..........: . C.nicobarica. 
Calaenas (!), G. JR. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 478 (1845). 
Calcena, " G. JR. Gr.," Agass. Nomencl Zool, Aves, 

Add. p. 4 (1846). ; ' 
Callicenas, Agass. Nomencl. Zool. Ind. Univ. n. 59 
(1846). F 
Calloenas, JRchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852). 
Range. Confined to the Malay Archipelago and the Pelew 
Islands. 

36 . CAICENA.S. 
615 
Key to the Sjoecies. 

a. 
General plumage metallic green, more or leas with 
a coppery tinge nicobarica, p. 615. 
b. 
General plumage metallic green, but with a 
strong blue tinge at the tip of the feathers, 
especially on the upper wing-coverts pelewensis, p. 618. 
1. Calcenas nicobarica. 
The Nincombar Pigeon, Alb. Nat Hist. Birds, iii. p. 44, pis. 47, 48 
(1740); Bdw. Glean, iii. p. 271, pi. 339 (1761) : Lath. Sim. ii. 2, 

p. 642, n. 38 (1783). J 
Columba nicombariensis, Briss. Orn. i. p. 154 (1760). 
Columba nicobarica, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 283, n. 27 (1766); Gm. 8. N. 
i. 2, p. 783, n. 27 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 605, n. 44 (1700) ; 
Bonn. Tail JEnc. Mtth, p. 246, pi. 80. f. 1 (1790); Hayes, Portr. 
of rare and curious Birds, ii. pi. 91 (1799); Temm. 8? Knip, 
Pig. i. fam. trois. p. 5, pi. 2 (1808-11); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. 
pp. 385, 445 (1813) j Cuv. Rbgn. An. i. p. 456 (1817); Vieill. 
N.D. xxvi. p. 395, pi. G38 (1818); Lesm. Diet. 8c. Nat xl. 
p. 303 (1826); Less. Voy. Coq., Zool i. 1, p. 342 (1826); id. Tr. 
d'Orn. p. 475 (1831); id. Compl deBuff., Ois. viii. p. 12 (1837); 
id. op. tit. 2nd ed. p. 272 (1838); Temm. PL Col. i. Tabl. Meth. 
p. 79 (1839) ; Bennett, Wanderings, ii. p. 65 (1834) (fide 8elby, 
Pigeons, p. 222, note); Thienem. Fortpfl. p. 56, note (1846); 
Gulliv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 489. 
Pigeon de Nincombar, JJAubent. PI JEJnl. 491 ; Buf. Hist. Nat. Ois. 

ii. p. 541 (1771). 
Columba Nicombar, Penn. Faunula Lnd. in. Forst. Zool. Ind. p. 41 
(1781). 
Oolombigalline a camail, Levaill. Ois. ddAfr. vi. p. 102, pi. 279 
(1808); jSundev. K. Sv. Vet.-Ah. Handl. 1857, p. 55, n. 279. 
Goura nicobarica, Steph. Gen. Zool xi. pt. 2, p. 122 (1819); Ranz. 
Mem. Zool. iii. pt. 1, p. 217 (1821); Schleg. Be Bierent p. 208 
(1864). 

Columba gaJlus, Wagl Syst. Av. Columba, sp. 113 (1827). 

Columba gouldiae, Gray fy Hardw. III. Ind. Zool. ii. pi. 57 (juv.) 
(1834); Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxix. p. 871 (1854) ; id. Coup. oVmil 
Ordre Pig. p. 3 (1855); Bartlett, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 79 (note). 

Geophilus nicobaricus, 
Selby, Natural. Libr., Pigeons, p. 221, pi. 29 
(1835); Blyth, Calc. Journ. N H. i. p. 605 (1841) j Peale, Tin. St 
Bxpl.Exped., Birds, p. 125 (1848); Hartl. Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, 

i. p. 117: Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 374 (1876). 
Calcenas nicobarica, G. R. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 59 (1840); Blyth, 
J. A. S. B. xv. p. 371 (1846); Macgill. Narr. Voy. l Rattlesnake,1 
i. p. 244 (1852); Hartl J.f. 0.1854, p. 168, n. 257; Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 95 (1854); id. Compt Rend. xl. p. 221, n. 206 (1855); 
Hartl J. f. O. 1855, p. 319; G. R. Gr. List B. Brit. Mm. 
Columbse, p. 63 (1856); Schleg. Handl. Dierh i. p. 408 (1858) ; 
G. R. Gr. P. Z. S.1858, p. 196; id. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 44 (1859); 
Blyth, Ibis, 1859, p. 465 (Cocos I.); Flower, P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 333, 
334, pi. 166. £ 3, 4 (anatomy of the gizzard); G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. 
1861, p. 438: Bennett, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 372; Blyth in Mouafs 
Advent, etc. p. 362 (1863); Rosenb. N T. N. L xxv. p. 250, n. 243 
(1863); id. J.f. 0.1864, p. 133, n. 243; Sclat. P. Z. S.1864, p. 139 ; 
616 
PEEISTEEIPJE. 

Finsch, Neii-Guin. p. 179 (1865); Pete. Novara Beis., Yog. p. 110 

(1805); Wall. Ibis, 1865, pp. 370, 394, 400; id. J f. 0. 1866, 

p. 284; Mart. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 25; Bartlett, P.Z.S. 1866, p. 78 
(nesting in confinement) ; Bosenb. Beis naar Zuidoostereil pp. 81, 
82 (1867); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 628 ; G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. 
p. 246, n. 9439 (1870); Ball, J. A. S. B. xxxix. 2, p. 32 (1870) ; 
Gieb. Tkes. Orn. i. p. 545 (1872) ; Wald. Trans. Zool. Soc. vm. 
p. 86, n. 133 (1872); Pels. Ibis, 1873, p. 35 ; Ball, Sir. Feath. i. 
p. 81 (1873) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 639 ; Hhces, P. Z. S. 
1873, p. 663; Soma, Mus. Nac. Ltsb. Coluinba, p. 24, n. 144 
(1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 250, 257 ; Hume, 8tr. Feath. 
ii. pp. 133, 271, 481 (1874); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 222, 
n. 151 (1875); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 110; Bosenb. Beist. naar 
GeehinU. pp. 8, 4,117 (1875) ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. 
p. 792 (1875); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 460 ; Salvad. Ann. Mus. 
Civ. Gen. ix. p. 208, n. 90 (1876), x. p. 162 (1877); Sclat. P. Z. S. 
1877, p. 112, 1878, p. 289; Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. iii. 
p. 295 (1878), iv. p. 101, n. 179 (1879); Finsch, P. Z.S. 1870, 
p. 14 ; Bosenb. Malay. Archip. pp. 323, 372, 396, 407, 561 (1879); 
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 664 (1879); Tiraut, Bull. 
Com. Agr. et Ind. Cochinch. (3) i. p. 143, n. 258 (Poulo-Condore, 
Phfi Quoc) (1879); HAlb. Nuova Guin. p. 582 (1880); Finsch, 
Ibis, 1881, p. 538; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 209 (1882) ; 
SJiarpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xvi. p. 446 (1882); Sclat. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 462 (1883); Meyer, Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. Isis, 
1884, Abh. i. p. 52 (Siao, Saugi); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, 
pp. 576, 663 ; Grant, P. Z. S.1887, p. 332; Woodf. P. Z. S. 1888, 
p. 248 ; Tristr. Ibis, 1889, p. 558; id. Cat. Coll P . p. 41 (1889) ; 
Steere, List, p. 24, n. 303 (Mindoro) (1890); Hem. § Bchmo. 
Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. p. 287 (1890); Hartert, J. f. O. 1891, 
p. 300 (Mindoro) ; Salvad. Mem. B. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 67 
(Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 193) (1891); Tristr. Ibis, 1892, p. 297. 
Calsenas nicobarica, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 478, n. 1 (1845); Blyth, 

J. A. S. B. xv. p. 371 (1846); id. Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 238, 
n. 1444 (1849); Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 167, n. 130 
(1858); Cass. Tin. St. Expl. Exped., Birds, p. 276 (1858); G. B. 
Gr. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 49, 61 (1859); id. P. Z. S. 1860, 
p. 362; De Vis, Ann. Bep. Brit. New Guin. for the pears 1890-91, 
p. —; id. Ann. Queensl. Mus. no. 2, p. 8 (1892) (EenardIsland). 
Oalaenas gouldia3, G. B. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 478, n. 2 (juv.) (1845). 
Geophilus nicobarica, Peale, Tin. St. Expl. Exped. viii. p. 207 (1848). 
Caloenas gouldiae, Rchnb. Syn. Av. t. 244. f. 2490 (juv.) (1851); 
Hartl. Arch.f. Naturg. 1852, 1, p. 134 (note); id. J.f. 0.1854 

p. 165. 
Callcenas 
nicobarica, Rchnb. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxv (1852); id. 
Tauben, i. p. 48, t. 263. ff. 1462-68 (ad.), t. 244. f. 2490 (juv.) 
(1862); Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbae, p. 170 (1873); Yordernu 

N. T. N. I. xlviii. p. 146 (1889), 1. p. 509 (1890) (Billiton). 
„ Nicobar Pigeon, Bartl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 90; Wall. Malay. Archip. 
ii. p. 65 (1869). 
Caloenas nicobaricus, Jerd. B. of Ind. iii. p. 480 (1864) ; Beav. Ibis, 
1867, p. 332; Hume, Str. Feath. ii. p. 70 (1874): Blyth, B. of 
Burm. p. 147, n. 524 (1875). 

Caloenas gouldii, G. B. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 256, n. 9440 (juv.) (1870). 
Callioenas nicobarica, Sund. Meth. nab. Av. disp. Tent. p. 99 (1872). 
Call&nas nicobarica, Bams. Pr. Linn. Soc. N. 8. W. vii. p. 38 (1882) 

(Ugi, Solomon Islands). 

36 . CiXCENAS. 
G17 

Adult male. Metallic green, duller on the undorparts, with, 
coppery reflections, especially on the upper parts; the feathers of 
trie hind neck very long and narrow; head, neck, and upper breast 
almost black; longer upper tail-coverts, under tail-coverts, and 
tail pure white ; primaries, outer secondaries, and primary-coverts 
blue-black; quills underneath brown-black: bill and knob at 
the base black; feet dark purple; sides of the feet and nails 
ochreous yellow; irides grey. Total length about 14 inches, wing 
9-5, tail 3-75, bill 1, tarsus 1-7. 

Female. Similar to the male, but smaller, narrow feathers of the 
neck shorter, and also frontal knob smaller. 

Young. Like the female, but the tail greenish black. 

Hal. From the Nicobars and Mergui Archipelago through the 
Malay Archipelago as far east as the Solomon Islands. It has not 
been found yet in the Timor Group. 

a-m. $ 5 ad. et Batty Malve, Nicobars, March Hume Coll. 
juv. sk. (W. Davisoti). 

n. 
$ juv. sk. Batty Malve, Nicobars, March Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(W.Davison). 
o. <£ ad. sk. Katchall Is., Nicobars, Feb. 
It. J. Wimberley, 
Esq. [C.]. 
p~s. $ J a#. sk. Katchall Is., Nicobars, Feb. Tweeddale Coll. 

(R. J. Wimberley). 
t, u. $ $ ad. sk. Katchall Is., Nicobars, Feb., Tweeddale Coll. 
March ( W. Davison). 
v, w. 
<3 ad. sk. Katchall Is., Nicobars, Jan., Hume Coll. 
Feb. (W. Davison). 


x. S ad. sk. Treis Is., Nicobars, March 
Hume Coll. 
(W. Davison). 
y, z. (S ad. et 5 Trinkut Is., Nicobars, Jan., Tweeddale Coll. 
imm. sk. Feb. (R. J. Wimberley). 
a\ <S juv. sk. Nancowry Is., Nicobars, Feb. Tweeddale Coll. 


(R. J. Wimberley). 
br, c\ 6 2 ad. sk. Nancowrv Is., Nicobars, July Tweeddale Coll. 
(R.G:W.R.).

dr 
Tweeddale Coll. 

. <5 ad. sk. Oamorta Is., Nicobars, Dec. 

(R. J. Wimberley). 
Tweeddale Coll. 
/'. $ ad. sk. A. Everett, Esq. [CI. 

e'. Juv. sk. Billiton. 

Tiga Island. 

g\ Ad. sk. 
A. Everett, Esq. [C.j. 

Sanghir Is. (Dr. A, B. Meyer). 

h'. Ad. sk. Sanghir Is. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Gould Coll. 

i'. Ad. sk. E. Grilolo (Wallace). 

"Wallace Coll. 

h\ $ ad.sk. Batchian. 

Salvin-Godman Coll. 

V. Ad. sk. Batchian. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 

m'. Ad. sk. [Aru Is.] 

Purchased. 

n', o'. Ad. sk. New Guinea? (A. R. Wallace). 


Salvin-Godman Coll. 

p'. Ad. sk. Port Moresby, New Guinea 

(A. Qoldie). 
Tweeddale Coll. 

q'. Ad. sk Huon Gulf, April (Dr. 
Coynrie J . 


Tweeddale Coll. 

r'. J ad. sk. Duke of York Is. (Rev. G. 
Brown). 


618 PERISTEKIDiE. 

«', t'> 6 ? ad. sk. Credner Is., Oct (T. Klein- Sharpe Coll. 
schmzdt). 
ur,v'.A&.st. Louisiade Archipelago (<7". Mc- Voyage of H3I.S. 
Gillxvray). c Rattlesnake.' 
wf, xf. S ad. sk. Bramble Haven, Louisiade Sir J. Ingram [P.]. 

Archipelago. 
y'. Ad. sk. [Assam]" {McClelland), India Museum. 
z'. Ad. sk. [China.] J. R. Reeves, Esq. 

a". Juv. sk. [China.] J. R. Reeves, Esq. 
[P.]. ^ (Type of C. 
goulditB, Gray.) 

h". Skeleton. 'Challenger' Exped. 

2. Caloenas pelewensis. 
Caloenas nicobarica, var. pelewensis, Fimch, Jburn. Ilfus. Godeffr. iv. 
p. 159 (Vog. d. Palau-Gruppe, p. 27) (1875); Pelz. 4" Lor. Ann. 
Naturh. Hofmus. iii. p. 49 (1888). 
Similar to G. nicobarica, but smaller, and with the genera! colour 
indigo-blue, instead of metallic green with coppery reflections; the 
feathers of the back, scapulars, and upper wing-coverts metallic 
green, with steel-blue tips; on the wing-coverts the blue predominates 
so much that nearly the whole of the upper surface of the 
wings appears of a blue colour; also the feathers of the ramp and 
the upper tail-coverts have very broad steel-blue tips; head and 
neck blackish; tail white. Total length about 11 inches, wing 9, 
tail 3, bill 0*95, tarsus 1*55. 

Rah. Pelew Islands. 

a. Ad. sk. Pelew Islands. Cohen [C.J 
G-0URIDJ3. 
619 

Family IV. G0URIM1* 

1. GOTJEAf. 
r i 
Type. 

VidlL AnahJse

lMJm>> P- 49 (1816) (nee Latreille,

1802) ^ Q.^ coronata. 
Goura, Sfeph. Gen. Zool xi. p* lib* (JL81L9) i'.W'.'.'.Y.V. GK coronata." 
^legapeha, Kaup, Das Tliierr. systetn. besohr. ii. p. 47 
(1836) Q.t coronata. 
-Ptilopnyrus, £to. Class. B. ii. p. 349 (1837) Q. coronata. 

Range. Confined to the Papuan Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

a. 
Feathers of the crest with the wehs entirely 
loose. 
a\ Underneath greyish blue ; band across the 
back chestnut, like the tips of the upper 
wing-coverts; wing-speculum white coronata,^. 620. 

h\ 
Breast purple-chestnut; back greyish blue. 
a*'. Smaller wing-coverts chestnut; wing-
speculum white sclateri, p. 622. 
b". Smaller wing-coverts greyish blue. 
a'''. Larger,* wing-speculum whitish grey, albertisii, p. 623. 


Vtf 

. Smaller; wing-speculum darker, bluish 
grey scheepmaJceri, p. 623. 

* 
Confer Sclater (Ibis, 1868, p. 407), Sundevall (Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. 
p. 101), and G-oodchild (P. Z. S. 1886, p. 193), who have expressed the opinion 
that the Crown-Pigeons ought to be separated from the normal Pigeons as a 
distinct family (G-ouridae). Sclater mentioned the very peculiar conformation 
of the tarsi, which are covered all over with hexagonal, nearly rounded scutellse, 
and G-oodchild has summarized other differences as follows:—1st, in the 
normal Pigeons an oil-gland is present, but is absent in Goura; 2nd, in the 
normal Pigeons the tail-feathers are 12 in number, while there are 16 in 
Goura; 3rd, in the normal Pigeons the pterylosis is Columbine, but is G-alline 
in G-oura (!); 4th, in the normal Pigeons caeca are present, but are absent in 
Goura; 5th, in the normal Pigeons a gall-bladder is present, no gall-bladder 
in Goura; 6th, in the normal Pigeons incubation lasts 16 days, but extends to 
28 days in Goura. 
Besides, it is worth while noticing that Huxley (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 302) found 
the vertebral formula of ordinary Pigeons to be:—Cervicals fourteen, dorsals 
five, lumbars three, sacrals and uro-sacrals ten, and free caudals six; while 
Goura coronata has cervicals fifteen or sixteen, dorsals four or three, sacrals and 
uro-sacrals twelve, and free caudals six. 

Prof. Parker (Tr. Zool. Soc. v. p. 151) has noticed in Goura, as in Dodo and 
Mdunculus, that the "pedicles of the embryonic skull-bone become arrested in 
the course of their growth.'' 

t Some fossil remains have been described as belonging to a bird considered 
to be an Australian ancestor of Goura; and this has been named Pro-
aura (lege Trogoura ?) gallinacea, De Vis, Pr. B. Soc. Queensl. v. pp. 127-131 
(1888). 

J Stephens attributes the genus Goura to Temminck. 

620 
GOUKIDJE. 

b. Feathers of the crest spatulated at the tip. 
e'. Crest smaller and less abundant; feet weaker; 
general greyish-blue colour deeper; dorsal 
feathers distinctly edged. .. . victoria, p. 024. 


d'. 
Crest larger and fuller, and with the apical 
spatula broader; feet stronger; general 
greyish-blue colour paler, and the dorsal 
feathers scarcely edged beccarii, p. 625. 


1. G-oura coronata. 
Land Fowl, Eampier, Voy. iii. pt. 2, p. S3, pi. 8 (lG99j ; ed. alt. 
p. 183, pi. — (1729).> 
Phasianus cristatus indicus, Briss. Orn. i. p. 279, t. 26. f. 1 (1760). 
Great Crowned Indian Pigeon, Edzv. Glean, iii. p. 269, pi. 338 (1701J; 
Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 620 (1783). 
Columba coronata, Linn. S. N. i. p. 282, n. 17 (1766); Fenn. 
Faunula Ind. in Font. Zool. Ind. p. 41 (1781); Gotz, Naturf. 

xvii. p. 32 (1782); Mill. Illustr. t. 16 A (17—?); Gm. S. N. i. 
p. 774, n. 17 (1788): Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 596, n. 9 (171)0); Bonn. 
Tabl Em. Meth. p. 231, pi. 76. £ 2 (1790) ; Hayes, Fortr. oj 
rare and curious Birds, i. pi. 9 (1794); Temm. § Knip, Fig. i. 
fam. trois. p. 1, pi. 1 (1808-11); Iliig. Frodr. By si. Mamm. $ At. 
p. 244 (1811); Temm. Fig. et Gallin. i. pp. 377, 491 (1813) ; Cuv. 
Mkpi. An. i. p. 455 (1817); Less. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. pt. 1, p. 355 
(1826) (Waigiou); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. pp. 302, 451 (lb26) ; 
Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. Il l (1827); Ciw. Feqn. An. 2nd ed. 

i. p. 489 (1829); TUenem. Fortpfi. p. 55 (1846) ;'Gulliv. F. Z. S. 
1875, p. 489; jSundev, Ibis, 1880, p. 454. 
Columba mugiens, Scop. Ann. I. Hist. Nat. p. 124, n. 179 (1709). 
Faisan couronne' des Indes, D'Aubent. Fl. Enl. 118; Buff. Hist. Nat. 

Ois. ii. p. 542 (1771). 
Pigeon couxonne^ Bougainv. Voy. p. — (1771); Forrest, Voy. Mol. 
% NOHV. Guin. p. 86 (1780). 
Crown-bird, Bougainv. Voy. (Engl, transl.) p. 329 (1772) (New 
Britain! New Ireland!). 
Goura de la Nouvelle Guinee, Sonner. Voy. Nouv. Guin. p. 169, 

pi. 104 (1776); Less. Voy. Coq. Zool. i. pt. 2, p. 447 (1828). 
Colombi-Hocco, Levaill. Ois. d'Afr. vi. p. 107, pi. 280 (1808). 
Lophyrus coronatus, Vieill. N. D. xiii. p. 330 (1817); id. Gal. des 

Ois. i. p. 335, pi. 197 (1825); Less. Man. a7Orn. ii. p. 161 (1828); 
id. Tr. aVOm. p. 476, pi. 80. f. 2 (1831); Selby, Nat, Libr., Figeons, 

p. 225, pi. 30 (1835); Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. viii. p. 4 (1837) ; 
id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 270 (1838) ; Mull. Verh. Land- en VolJcenk 
p. 22 (1839-44) ; Temm. Fl. Col. i. Tabl. Meth. p. 82 (1840); 
Hartl. Syst. Verz. p. 100 (1844) ; id. Journ.f. Orn. 1854, p. 257. 
Goura coronata, 
Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. pt. I, p. 120 (1819); Fonz. 
Elem. Zool. iii. pt. 1, p. 214 (1821); G. F. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 479, 

n. 1 (1845); Rchnb. Syn. Av. ff. 1473-74 (1847); Mitch. F. Z. S. 
1849, p. 171; Blyth, Cat. B. Mas. A.S.B. p. 333, n. 1444 (1849); 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 96 (1854); id. Compt. Fend. xl. p. 221, 
n. 287 (1855) ; id. Coup d'ceil Ordre Fig. p. 59, n. 287 (1855) ; G. F. 
Gr. List B. Brit. Mus. Columbse, p. 64 (1856); Bolle, J. f. 0.1856, 
pp. 166, 168; Sclat. Journ. Fr. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 167, n. 129 (1858); 
G. F. Gr. F. Z. S. 1858, p. 196; id. Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 49, 61 
(1859); ?id. Cat. B. Trop. Isl. p. 46 (1859) (New Britain! New 
Ireland!); id. F. Z. S. 1859, p. 159; Sclat. F. Z. S. 1859, p. 206; 
1 , G0TJKA. 621 

Crisp, P. Z. S. I860, p. 192; G. R. Gr. P. Z. S. I860, p. ,362, 
1861, p. 438 ; Rchnb. Tatiben, i. p. 49, t. 264. ff. 1473-74 (1802)• 
Rosenb. N. T. N. I. xxy. p 250, n. 244 (1863); id. J.f 0. 1864, 

p. 133, n. 244; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 139; Fraser, P. Z. S. 
1864, p. 160; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Psittaci, p. 148(1864); id. Be 
BierenL p. 208 (1864); Finsch, Neu-Guin. p. 179 (1865); Sclat. 
P. Z. S. 1865, p. 239 ; Wall. Ibis, 1865, pp. 395, 400; id. J.f 0. 
1866, p. 285; Schleg. N. T. B. iii. p. 193 (1866) ; Hial. P. Z. $. 
1868, p. 302 ; Sclat P. Z. S. 1869, p. 628 ; Wall Malay Archip. 
ii. p. 290 (1860) ; G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 247, n. 9452 (1870) ; 
Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columbas, p. 168 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 468, 639; If Alb. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 560; Sousa, Cat. Mus. 
Nac. Lisb. Columbia, p. 24 (1873) ; Garrod, P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 250, 
256; Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 205 (1875); Rosenb. Heist, naar 
Geelvinhb. p. 84 (1875) ; Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 710 
(1875); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 792 (1875), ix. p. 207. 
n. 85 (1876); BAlb. Si/dn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. x. p. 18 (1877) ; Salvad. ibid. p. 161 (1877) ; Rosenb. Malar/. 
Archip. pp. 396, 561 (1879); DAlb. Nuova Guin. pp. 13, 92, 582 
(1880); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol iii. p. 191 (1882); Sclat. List 
Vert. An. 8th ed. p. 463 (1883); Nehrk. J.f 0. 1885, p. 34 
(Waigiou); Guillem. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 662; Meyer, Vogel-Skelet. 
t. lvii. (1874); Salvad. Mem. P. Ac. So. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 06 (Aqg. 
Om. Pap. e Mol. p. 192) (1891); Hartert. Kat. Vogelsamml. 
p. 189 (1891). 
Lophyrus indicus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 294, pi. 19 (1826). 
Ptilophyrus coronatus, Siv. Class. B. ii. p. 349 (1837). 
Columbus coronatus, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1844, p. 136. 
Goura cristata (errore), Bp. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 872 (1854); id. 
Coup dceil Ordre Pig. p. 3 (1855). 

Megapelia coronata, Cab. (fide Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 265); Sundev. 

Meth. nat. Av. disp. Tent. p. 101 (1872) ; Ilein. § Rchnw. 

Noniencl. Mus. Hem. Orn. p. 287 (1890). 

Goura coronata minor, Schleg. Be Dierent. p. 208 (1864) ; id. N. T. D. 
iii. p. 192 (1866); G. R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 247, u. 9543 (1870) ; 
Sousa, Cat. Mus. Nac. Lisb., Columbas, p. 24 (1873) ; Gieb. Thes. 
Om. ii. p. 265 (1875)* Pek. $ Lor. Ann. Naturh. Ilofmns. iii. 

p. 49 (1888). 
Adult male. General colour bluish slate-grey; wings darker; 
crest -uniform; chin and sides of the head from the lores to the 
postocular region black; a broad band across the back and tips 
of the upper wing-coverts dark chestnut; wing-speculum formed 
by the base of the central greater wing-coverts white; greater 
wing-coverts broadly tipped with chestnut; apical band of the 
tail grey, about 1*75 inch broad : bill black; tarsi red, with black 
scales; feet paler red; irides red. Total length 31-44-29*87 
inches, wing 15*33-14*15, tail 11-10*12, bill 1*57-1*37, tarsus 
3*58-3-38. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Young. Smaller; chestnut colour of the back and of the wing-
coverts less apparent; greater wing-coverts with smaller chestnut 
spots at the tip, wanting in very young birds. 

Hah. Western New Guinea and the western Papuan Islands— 
"Waigiou, Batanta, Salawatti, and Mysol. 

GOTTRIDJE. 

622 

a. Ad. sk. 
b, c. Ad. et pull. st. 
d, e. Ad. sk. et head. 
/ . 5 ad. sk. 
g. $ ad. sk. 
h, J ad. sk. 
i. 2 ad. sk. 
k. Juv. sk. 
I, Skeleton. 
m. Skeleton 
[China.] 
New Guinea. 
New Guinea ? 
Andai, New Guinea 
(A. A. JBruijn). 
Rubi, New Guinea 
(A. B. Meyer). 
Waigiou. 
Waigiou. 
Mysol. 
New Guinea. 
J. R. Reeves, Esq. [P.]. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
Gould Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Tweeddale Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Wallace Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
n. Skeleton. 
o. Skeleton. 
Purchased. 

Zool. Soc. CoU. 
Hybrid between G. coronata and G. victoria. 

p. ? ad. sk. 
Zool. Soc. Coll. 
2. Goura sclateri. 
Gonra scheepmakeri, pt., Finseh, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 631 (specim. vivum 
in vivario Arnstelodami, sed non typus). 
Crown Pigeon (Goura), JD'Alb. Sydn. Morn. Herald, 1876* Sclat. 

Ibis, 1876, p. 360. 
Goura sp. inc., D'Alb, apacl Sclat. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 414 
Goura sclateri, Salvad. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 45 (My River), 

p. 207, sp. 86 (1876); D'Alb. Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 372; id. Ann. 
Mus. Civ. Gen. x. pp. 18, 20 (1877); id. Ibis, 1877, p. 372; Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii.p. 346 (1878); If Alb. $ Salvad. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xiv. p. 125 (1879); D'Alb. Nuova Guin. 
pp. 310, 457, 458, 588 (1880) ; Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 199 
(1882) ; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 356; id. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xliL 
p. 66 (Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 192) (1891). 
? Goura albertsii (sic), Tristr. (nee Salvad.) Cat. Coll. B. p. 37 (1889) 
(Fly River). 

Adult male. General colour bluish slate-grey; the feathers of the 
back have a brighter blue band near the tip, producing a scaly 
appearance; crest uniform bluish grey; lores and periophthalmic 
region black; throat bluish black; lower fore neck and upper 
breast purple-chestnut, changing into bluish slate-grey on the 
abdomen, vent, and under tail-coverts; smaller and median wing-
coverts tipped with purple-chestnut; a broad white speculum on 
the wings, formed by the greater wing-coverts, which are broadly 
tipped with chestnut; the anterior one or two greater wing-coverts 
chestnut• tail uniform with the back, except the apical lighter 
band: " bill grey; feet purple-red; irides red " (D'Albertis). Total 
length 27*51 inches, wing 14-15, tail 10*41, bill 1-41, tarsus 3*38. 
Female. Similar to the male. 

Young. Similar to the adult, but wants the chestnut spots at the 
tip of the greater wing-coverts forming the speculum: " iris yellow " 
(D'Albertis). 

Bab. Central and Southern New Guinea along the Ply and the 
Kataw Rivers. 

a. 
<$ ad. sk. My River, N. Guinea, Sept. Salvin-Godman Coll. 
(D'Albertis). (Compared with the type.) 
1. 
GOURA. 023 
3. Goura albertisii. 
G-oura seheepnmkeri, Salvad. Sf D'Alb. {nee Fimch) A?m. Mus. Civ. 
Gen. vii. p. 837 (1875); Fimch, Voq. d. tiuchee, p. 29 (Port 
Moresby) (1884, nee 1875); Salvad. Ibis, 1884, p. 355. 

Goura albertisii, Salvad. Atti R. Ac. So. Tor. xi. pp. 628, ($80, 

t. vii. (1876); id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 208, n. 87 (1870); 
Hams. Fr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 394 (1870); If Alb. M/dn. 
Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mm. Civ. Gen. x. p. 18 (1877); 
Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiii. pp. 318, 503 (1877); Hams. 
Fr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. pp. 104, 294 (1878), iv. p. 101, n. 178 
(1879); Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiv. p. 088 (1870); 
JO'Alb. Nuova Guin. pp. 187, 280, 585 (1880); Salvad. Orn. 
Fap. e Mol. iii. p. 202 (1882); Mam*. Fr. Linn. Soc K S. W. 
viii. p. 26 (1883) (egffs); id. Ibis, 1884, p. 356 ; id. Ann. Mus. Ch\ 
Gen. (2) ix. p. 590 (1890), x. p. 826 (1891); id. Mem. R. Ac. So. 
Tor. (2) xlii. p. 66 {Agg. Orn. Fap. e Mol p. 192) (1891). 
G-oura, 
or Lophyrus coronata, var. d'albertisii, Rams. Fr. Linn. 
Soc. N. S. W. i. p. 387 (1876). 

Adult male. General colour bluish slate-grey; bead and neck 
ligbter ; crest ligbt bluish grey, with the tips of the feathers paler 
grey; chin, lores, and periophthalmic region black ; lower fore nock, 
breast, and sides purple-chestnut with a greyish wash; upper breabt 
brighter ; vent and under tail-coverts bluish slate-grey; smaller and 
median wing-coverts like the back, with no chestnut edges; greater 
wing-coverts pale grey, forming a broad speculum on the wing, 
and tipped with broad chestnut spots; tail like the back, but with 
a broad pale grey band at the tip: " bill grey; feet dark [purple] 
red, toes paler; irides red" (D'Albertis). Total length 33*4029-
4:7 inches, wing 15-72-15-55, tail 11-79-11-61, bill 1-41-1-25, 
tarsus 3-75. 

Female. Similar to the male. 
Young. Similar to the adult, but the chestnut spots at the tip of 
the greater upper wing-coverts smaller or wanting altogether. 
Hob. S.E. New Guinea. 

a, b. Ad. sk. Port Moresby {A. Goldie). Salvin-Godman Coll. 

c. Ad. sk. Port Moresby. Gould Coll. 
d. Ad. sk. Cloudy Bay. Sir J. Ingham [P.]. 
4. G-oura scheepmakeri. 
Goura 
scheepmakeri, Finsch, F. Z. S. 1875, p. 631, pi. 08 {type 
examined); Salvad. Atti R. Ac. Sc. Tor. xi. p. 624 and follow., 

•p 674 and follow. (1876); id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 208, 
n 88 (1876): id. Orn. Fap. e Mol. iii. p. 204 (1882); id. Ibis, 
1884, p. 356; id. Mem. R. Ac Sc Tor. (2) xlii. p. 60 {Agg. Orn. 
Fap. e Mol p. 192 (1891). 
Type. Bluish slate-colour; crest uniform bluish slate without 
paler tips; periophthalmic region black; chin and frontal edge 
blackish; lower fore neck and breast purple-chestnut; speculum 
on tlie wings, formed by the greater wing-coverts, and apical band of 

624 GOURID^I. 

the tail pale bluish grey: bill in the dry skin black. Total length 

24-36 inches, wing 13-28, tail 10-41, bill 1-33, tarsus 3-07. 

Hal. Unknown, but probably South-western Few Guinea, near 

Princess Marianne Straits. 

Ohs. This species is only known from the typical specimen in 

Count Turati's collection. It resembles G. cdhertisi% but differs in 

the following more important points:—1. The general bluish slate


colour is darker; 2, the feathers of the crest are uniform, without 

paler tips; 3, the purple-chestnut colour of the underparts is purer 

and less extended, not covering the flanks ; 4, the speculum on the 

wing is of a darker grey; 5, the tail is darker, and has the apical 

band narrower and darker. 

Besides there are other differences which may depend upon age; 
these are the smaller dimensions, the shorter feathers of the crest, 
the presence of a dark band over the speculum, and the want 
of the chestnut spots at the tip of the greater wing-coverts. 

5. Goura victoria. 
Lophyrus victoria, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1844, p. 130. 

Columba steur&ii, Temm. Mus. Lugd. (1844). 

Goura steursii, G. R. Gr. $ Mitch. Gen. B. ii. p. 479, n. 2, pi. 120 

(1845) ; Rosenb. N. T. N. I. xxv. p. 250, n. 244 (18C3) ; id. 

J.f.O. 1864, p. 133, n. 244; Wall. Malay Archip. ii. p. 319 

(1869). 

Goura victoria, Mitch. P. Z 8. 1849, p. 171; Fraser, P. Z. S. 1850, 

p. 240; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 96 (1854); id. Compt. Hend xxxix. 
p. 872 (1854), xl. p. 221, n. 288 (1855) ; id. Coup dceil Ordre Pig. 
pp. 3, 59, n. 288 (1855); G. R. Gr. List JB. Brit Mas. Columbae, 
p. 65 (1856); Bolle, J.f O. 1856, p. 168; Sclat. Journ. Pr. Linn. 
Soc. ii. p. 167, n. 129 (1858); G. P. Gr. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 196; id. 
Cat. B. New Guin. pp. 49, 61 (1859); Flower, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 333, 
1861, p. 438; Blyth, Ibis, 1861, p. 215; Rchnb. Tauten, i. p. 50, 
n. 107, t. 264. f. 1475 (1802); Fraser, P. Z. S.1864, p. 160; Sehleg. 
DeDierent p. 208 (1864); Sclat. P. Z. S.1865, p. 239 ; Finsch, Neu~ 
Guin. p. 179 (1865); Wall. Ibis, 1865, p. 395, n. 118j id. J.f.O. 
1866, p. 285; Sclat P. Z. S. 1869, p. 628; G. R. Gr. Sand-list, 
ii. p. 247, n. 9457 (1870); Schley. Mus. P.-B. Columbse, p. 169 
(1873); Sousa, Mus. Nac. Lisb. Columbae, p. 24, n. 146 (1873) ; 
Garr. P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 468, 639; Gieh. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 265 
(1875); Rosenb. Reist naar Geelvinhb. pp. 47, 53, 55, 117 (1875) ; 
Becc. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 716 (1875); Sdlvad. t. c. p. 792 
(1875); Rosenb. Malay. Archip. p. 561 (1879); Sclat. List Vert. 
An. 8th ed. p. 463 (1883). 
Lophyrus victorise, Hartl. J.f. 0.1854, p. 257. 

Goura victoria, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 208, n. 89 (1876); 
BAIL Sydn. Mail, 1877, p. 248; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. x. p. 18 
(1877); Salvad. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 205 (1882); Meyer, 
Sitzb. u. Abh. Ges. Isis, 1884, Abh. i. p. 52 (egg); Meyer, Vogel-
Shdet. t. lvi. (1884) ; Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. (2) xlii. p. 66 
(Agg. Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 192 (1891). 

Adult male. General colour bluish slate; feathers of the crest 
spatulated at the tip, the edge of the spatula white; lores and 

1 . GOTJEA.. 
625 
periophthalmic region black ; cliin and frontal edge blackish ; blue 
colour of the neck changing into purple-chestnut on the lower part 
of it and on the breast; wing-speculum formed by the greater wing-
coverts, and apical band of the tail bluish grey ; greater wing-
coverts tipped with large chestnut spots: bill black; feot purple-
red, toes paler ; irides red. Total length about 27*51 inches, wing 
13-75, tail 10-61-10-22, bill 1-25, tarsus 3-34-3-18. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Young. Smaller; the purple-chestnut colour on the breast less 
conspicuous, the chestnut spots at the tip of the greater wing-
coverts smaller, or even wanting; crest of the feathers narrower, 
and with the apical white edge less conspicuous. 

Hah. Jobi and Mysori in Geelvink Bay. 

a. Ad. sk. New Guinea. Zool. Society's Coll. 
b. J ad. sk. Anaus, Jobi Is. {A. B. Meyer). Tweeddale Coll. 
c. d. $ juv. et ad. Kordo, April (A. B. Meyer). Salvin-Godman Coll. 
e. Ad. [head]. Gould Coll. 
/ . Skeleton. Zool. Society's Coll. 
g. Skeleton. 
Dr. Falconer [P.]. 
6. Goura beccarii. 
Goura, sp., Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. viii. p. 405 (1876) (Humboldt 
Bav). 

Goura beccarii, 
Salvad. I c. p. 406 (1876), ix. p. 208 (note) (1876); 
id. Orn. Pap. e Mol. iii. p. 208 (1882) ; Meyer, Zeitschr. f. yes. 
Orn. 1886, p. 17 (Kafu); Salvad. Mem. R. Ac. So. Tor. (2) xiii. 

p. 67 (Ayy, Orn. Pap. e Mol. p. 193) (1801). 
Goura victories, var. comata, Oust. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1885, Art. 3, p. 3 
(Kafou). 

Yery much like G. victoria (Fraser), but larger and stronger, with 

stronger feet and longer toes; the crest larger, fuller, and with the 

apical spatula broader; the general greyish-blue colour lighter, and 

the dorsal feathers scarcely edged. Total length 31 inches, wing 

15*5, tail 11-5, bill 14, tarsus 3*5: " spatula of the feathers of 

the crest sometimes 40 mm. (=1*57 inch) broad" {Meyer). 

Beside the type (a head) described by me, I have seen a nno 
specimen in Mr. Hartert's possession, and the types of G. victoria, 
var. comata, Oust., in the Museum of Paris. 

Hal. Northern New Guinea, near Humboldt Bay and Kafu *. 

* 
I am not acquainted with the following subspecies:— 
Goura beccarii huonensis, Meyer, Orn. Jakresb. i. Jahrg. April 1893, Nr. 4. 
? Goura victorise, De Vis (nee Fraser), Zoolog. Glean. (Ann. Bep. Brit. New 
Gidn. for the years 1890-91'); id. Ann. QueensL Mus. no. 2, p. 9 (1892) 

(Collingswood Bay). 

Goura G. beccarii similis, sed major, supra ccerulescentior et subtus vinaceo


purpurea. Pedibus rubris. Long. tot. c. 830, al. 410, caud. 325, rostri culm. 

£>4 tarsi 94. 

Hab. Noya Guinea Orientali, prope sinum Huon (Meyer). 
voi. xxi. ^ s 

mVTJXCUllDJE. 

Family V. DIDUNCULIDJE. 

1. DIDUNCULUS. T 
Didimculus, Peak, fide StrickL Report Brit. Assoc. 1844, 
p. 189 j Peak, U.S. JSxpl Exped. viii. p. 208, pi. Ix. 
(1848) ^3- strigirostris. 
Gnathodon, Jardine, Ann. fy Mag. N. H. x\i. p.. 174, 
pi. ix. (1845) (nee Or. 1837) I), strigirostrib. 
Pleiodus, Rchnb. Si/n. Av. f. 1528 (1847) ( = Gnathodon); 
id. Av. Sgst. Sat. t. xxv. (1852). 
Knathodon, Peak, I. c. p. 209, footnote (1848). 

Range. Confined to the Samoan Islands. 

1. Didunculus strigirostris. 
Gnathodon strigirostris, Jard. Ann. fy Mag. N. H. xvi. p. 175, pi. ix. 
(1845) ; Goidd, B. Austr. v. pi. 76 (part xxii., 1846) ; Jard. Illustr. 
o/Ornith. 1851, p. 113. 

Pleiodus strigirostris, Rchnb. Si/n. Av. f. 1528 (1847); Cass. Tin. St. 
JSxpl. Exped., On?, p. 279, pi.'34 (1858) ; Rchnb. Tauben} ii. p. 187, 
Novit. Suppl. t. vii. f. 79 (1862). 

Didunculus strigirostris, Peak, Tin. St. Expl. Exped., Birds, p. 209, 
pi. 60 (1848); G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 480, pi. cxx. (1848); 

Sundev. Arsb. 1845-50, p. 273; Rchnb. Tog. Neuholl ii p. 322, 

ii. 439 (1850); id. Syn. Av. Columbaria, Novit. t. 271. ff. 249798 
(1851) ; id. Av. Syst. Nat. p. xxiv (1852) ; Hartl Wiegm. 
Archiv, 1852, i. pp. 117, 134; Walpole, P. Z. S. 1852, p. 87; JDes 
Murs, JEnc. Hist. Nat., Ois. vi. p. 69, tig. 73 (1853); Rchnb. 
J. f O. 1853, p. 9; Hartl. J. f O. 1854, n. 169; Bp. Qmsp. 
Av. ii. p. 5 (1854); id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 872 (1854), 
xl. p. 216, n. 1 (1855) ; id. Coup Wail Ordre Pig. pp. 4, 54, 
n. 1 (1855); id. Icon. Pig. pi. cxl. (1857); G. R. Gr. Cat. B. 
Trop. Isl p. 46 (1859); Rchnb. Tauben, L p. 124, t. 271. ff. 249798, 
t. 275. f. 1528 (1862); Bennett, Sijdney Herald, August 19th, 
1862; id. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 249; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 102; 
id. Ibis, 1863, p. 239; Bennett, P. Z. S. 1863, pp. 372, 439, 
1864, p. 139; id. Ann. # Mag. N. H. (3) xiii p. 259 (1864), 
xiv. p. 454 (1864); Rams. Ibis, 1864, p. 98; id. J. A. S. B. 
xxxiii. p. 373, with pi. (1864); Sclat. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 158; 
A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 256 (egg); id. Ibis, 1865, p. 332; 
Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. App. p. 556 (1865) ; Finseh, J.f.O. 
1866, p. 37 : Brehm, J.f.O. 1866, p. 388 ; Owen, Tr. Zool Soc. vi. 
pp. 66 and foil., pi. xv. f. 2, pi. xxiv. f. 1 (sternum) (1867); Finseh, 
<Jr Hartl. Orn. Centralpolyn, p. 150, t. xi. f. 3 (young*), t. iii. f. 1 
(egg) (1867); A. Newt P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 162, 164, pi. xv. f. 6 
(egg); G.R. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 248, n. 9455 (1870); Grqffe, 
J. f O. 1870, p. 418; Hartl $ Finseh, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 22; 
Finseh, J.f. 0. 1872, pp. 33, 50 (Savai, Upolu, Tutuila); Sundev. 
Tent p. 98 (1872); Salv. Ibis, 1872, p. 208; JDomer, Zool Gart. 
1872, p. 97 ; Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Columte, p. 167 (1873); Soma, 
Mus. Nac Lisb. Colurabse, p. 5, n. 1 (1873); Garrod, P. Z. S. 1873, 
pp. 468, 639, 1874, pp. 250, 256; Whitmee, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 182; 
1 . DIDUNOULUS. 
627 

Bennett, P. z. S. 1874, p. 186; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 605; 
Whitmee, Ibis, 1875, p. 446; Qieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 46 (1875); 
Whitmee, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 495; Eyton, Osteal. Av. pis. 22, 22 A 
(1875) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 462 ; E. L. Lm/ard, P. Z. S. 
1876, p. 496 ; A. Newt. Nature, 1878, pp. 251, 331; Searles, ibid. 

p. 301 ; Nehrk* J> f. 0. 1879, p. 408; Deslongch. Ann. Mm. H. 
N. Caen, i. pp. 53-57 (1880); Schmeltz, Ethn. Abth. Mm. Godeffr. 
p. 205 (1881) ; Sclat. List Vert An. 8th ed. p. 463 (1883); Bolau, 
ZooLGart. 1884, p. 65; Meyer, Vogel-Skelett. pp. 42, 43, pi. lv. 
(1884) ; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 482 (living specimen); Tristr. Cat. 
Coll B. p. 46 (1889); Kein. 8? Rclinw Nomencl. Mus. Hem. Orn. 
p. 287 (1890) ; Hartert, Kat. Vogehamml p. 191 (1891); Wiylesw. 
Aves Polynes. p. 57, n. 296 (1891); A. Newt. Diet, of Birds, p. 154 
(1893). l F 
Treron strigirostris, Schteg. D& Bierent. fig. p. 215 (1864). 

Adult male. Head, neck, mantle, chin, throat, and upper breast 
metallic black-green ; the edges of the feathers of the mantle and of 
the sides of the lower neck show a greyish tinge; back, rump, 
upper tail-coverts, wings, and tail chestnut; lower breast and 
abdomen brown-black; under tail-coverts brown-chestnut; quills, 
except the inner secondaries or tertials, brown, underneath greyish 
brown ; under wing-coverts brown ; base of the tail-feathers blackish 
brown, especially on the inner webs: bill orange ; base of the under 
mandible cinnamon-red; orbital naked skin fleshy red; feet 
ochreous red; iris brown. Total length about 12 inches, wing 
7*5, tail 4, bill 0*87, tarsus 1*4. 

Female. Similar to the male. 

Young. Entirely brown (Finsch Sf Hartlaub), but an immature 
bird mentioned below has the brown feathers of the upper parts and 
of the breast with erescentic rufous bands. 
Fab. Samoa Islands—Upolu, Savai, and Tutuila. 

a. Ad. sk. Navigator's Is-ZoologicalColl. 
Society s 
b. Ad. sk. 
c. d, e. Ad. sk. et 
Samoa-
Samoa. 
Mrs. Sclanders [P.]. 
Eev. S. J. Whitmee 
st. 
/ . <$ ad. sk. 
g. Ad. sk. 
h. Juv. sk. 
i. Skeleton. 
k. Head without 
Samoa. 
Samoa (Kubary). 
Samoa {Rev. G. Broton). 
Navigator's Is. 
Samoa. 
[P.]. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
Salvin-Godman Coll. 
J. Brenchley, Esq. [P.]. 
Kev. S. J. Whitmee 
feathers. [P.]. 

2s2 

628 
DID mas. 

Suborder II. DIDI. 

(Cf. Strickland Sr Melville, The Dodo and its Kindred, or the History, 
Affinities, and Osteology of the Dodo, Solitaire, and other extinct 
Birds of the Islands Mauritius, Rodriguez, and Bourbon, 

pp. 1-141, pis. xv. London, 1848.) 

This suborder includes very large and massively built forms, 
agreeing with the Oolumbce in the truncation of the angle of the 
mandible, but with the extremity of the cranial rostrum strongly 
hooked. They are incapable of flight, the wing-bones being small, 
the carina of the sternum aborted, and the coracoidal grooves 
shallow and separated from one another (Lydekker). According to 
Huxley (P. Z. S. 1867, p. 434) they have no basipterygoid processes. 
The nostrils are decidedly oblique. 

The birds of this suborder are all extinct, and were confined to 
the Mascarene Islands of Mauritius, Eeunion, and Kodriguez. 

Family I. DIDIM1. 

Key to the Genera. 

a. 
Bill not longer than the head, slightly hooked, 
and the nasal and maxillary processes of the 
prasmaxillse diverging anteriorly; the frontal 
region flat, with hut little cancellous tissue. 
* 
Coracoid stout. Manus armed with an ossified 
tuberosity. Neck and feet long. Deltopectoral 
crest of humerus aborted. Male 
much larger than the female. (Lydekker.). . 1. PEZOPHAPS,P. 629. 
b. Bill longer than the^ head, deeply hooked, and 
the nasal and maxillary processes of the prsemaxillse 
converging anteriorly; the front 
region inflated into a subcorneal prominence 
of cancellous tissue. Neck and feet shorter 
than in Pezophaps. Delto-pectoral crest of 
humerus distinct. (Lydekker.) 2. DIDUS, p. 632. 
1. PEZOPHAPS. 
1. 
PEZOPHAPS* 
Type. 
Pezophaps, Strickl, The Dodo and its Kindred, pp. 46,54 
(1848) '.....'... P. solitaries. 

Of. Newton, A. 8f E., " On the Osteology of the Solitaire or Didine 
Bird of the Island of Rodriguez (Pezophaps solitaria, Gm.) " (Phil 
Tram. 1869, pp. 327-362, pis. xv.-xxiv\). 

Range. Confined to Bodrignez Island. 

1. Pezophaps solitarius. 
Solitaire, Leguat, Voyage en deux lies desertes des Ind. Orient, i. pp 
98-102, £g. p. 98 (1708); (Anonymous) Relation de Vile Rodrigue] 
Isle de France, Correspondance gl<* vol. 12 (Arch, de la Marine) 
(1760); Buff. Hist Nat. Ois. i. p. 485 (1770); Borowsh. Nat. ii 

p. 162 (1781); Ray (P. A. P.), Zool. Univ. et portat. p. 567 
(1788); Grant, Hist of Mauritius See. p. 117 (1801); Bum. 
Diet Sc. Nat. xlix. p. 451 (1827); Strickl. The Dodo and its 
Kindr. pp. 46, 56, fig. p. 49, pp. 113-119, pis. xiii., xiv., xv. 
(1848): Schleg. Versl. en Meded. d. k. Ak. van Wetensch., Afd 
Natuurk. vii. p. 126 (1857); id. Ibis, 1866, pp. 150, 152; id. Ann. 
Sc. Nat (5) vi. pp. 29, 31, pi. i. f. 3 (1860). 
Solitary 
Dodo, Lath. Gen. Syn, iii. 1, p. 3. n. 2 (1785): id. Gen. 
Mist. viii. p. 374 (1823). 
Didus solitarius, Gm. S. N. i. p. 728, n. 2 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. 

p. 662, n. 2 (1790); Bonn. Ene. Meth. i. p. 166 (1790) ; Dondd. 
Orn. Beytr. fyc. ii. p> 20 (1795); Bechst. Lath. TJebers. ii. p. 765 
(1795); Bees, New Cyclop. 10, pt. 2, Didus (1808); Cuv. Regn. An. 
i. p. 463 (1817); Sonnini, N. D. xxxi. p. 376 (1819); Steph. Gen. 
Zool xiv. p. 309 (1826); Ranz. Elem. di Zool. iii. pt. ix. p. 311 
(1826); Cuv. Regn. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 497 (1829) ; Less. Tr. a" Orn. 
p. 
11 (1831); Strickl. P. Z. S. 1844, pp. 77-79 j id. Instit. xiii. 
n. 582, pp. 73-74 (1845) ; E. Newt. Tr. R. Soc. Arts and Sc. of 
Mauritius, (n. s.) iii. pp. 31-38 (1866). 
Dronte, Cuv. Ann. Sc. Nat. vol. 31, Rev. Bibl. p. 103 ; id. Bull. Sc. 
Nat. xxii. pp. 122-125 (1830) (Isle de France, error•e). 
Dodo, Cuv. Edinb. Journ. Nat. and Geogr. Sc. (n. ser.) iii. pp. 30-32 
(1831); JDujard. Analys. des Tr. Soc. Hist. nat. de Hie Maurice, 
pend. le 2nde Annie, p. . . . (1832); id. P. Z. S. 1832, p. Ill 

* The following two extinct birds have been referred to the genus Pezophaps^ 
but both are Ealline Birds with rudimentary wings:-— 
1. 
DIDUS BROECKII, Schleg. Versl. en Meded. k. Ak. Amsterd. ii. p. 256 (1854). 
Pezophaps broeckei, Schleg. Mus. P.-J9. Struthiones, p. 4 (1873); Gieb. 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 75 (1877). 
This is Aphanapteryx broeckii—A. imperialis, Frauenf. 


2. 
DIDUS HBRBBRTII, Schleg. Versl. en Meded. k. Ak. Amsterd. ii. p. 256 
(1854). 
Pezophaps herberti, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Struthiones, p. 4 (1873); Gieb, 
Thes. Orn. iii. p. 75 (1877). 
This is Miserythrus leguati, Alph. M.-Edw., also a Ralline bird (Ibis, 1874, 

p. 455). 
DIDTDJE. 

630 

(Rodriguez); id. Philos. Mag. (2) i. p. 461 ; Telfair, P. ^-& 
1833, p. 31 (Rodriguez). 

Pezophaps solitaria, Strickl. The Dodo, $c. p. 46 (1848); Sely*-
Lonqch. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 293, n. 2; G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p- 483 
(1848); Strickl. Conbr. to Orn. 1852, p. 19; 3p. Consp. JAV. II. 
v 3 (1854); id. Compt. Rend. xliii. p. 840, n. 6 (1856); Strickl. 
Tr. Zool Soc. iv. pp. 187-196, pi. 35 (1859); Rchnb. Tauben, 
i p 128 (1802) ; Lund, Bull. Soc. Orn. Suisse, 1865, p. 150 ; 

A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865, pp. 715-718; id. Ibis, 1865, p. 552, 
1867, p. 146, 1868, p. 362; A. $ E. Newt. Tr. Boy. Soc. xvi. 
pp. 428-433 (1868); id. Ann. § Mag. N. H. (4) ii. pp. 159-165 
(1868); id. Philos. Tram. 1869, pp. 327-362, pis. xv.-xxiv.; Clark, 
P. Z. S. 1869, p. 473; Owen, Tr. Zool. Soc. vii. pp. 513-525, 
pi. 66. ff. 1-4 (1871) j A. Newt Ibis, 1872, p. 32; Salv. &r Sclat. 
Ibis, 1872, p. 448; Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Struthiones, p. 4 (1873); 
A. Netvt. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 195, 1875, p. 40; A. $ E. Newt. Ibis, 
1876, p. 288; Gieb. Thes. Orn. iii. p. 75 (1877); Owen, Ann. # 
Mag. N. H. (5) i. pp. 87-98, pis. vii. & viii. (1878); A. JSTeiot. 
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 291; E. Newt. # J. W. Clark, Philos. Trans. 
1879, pp. 438-451, pis. xliv.-l.; Lindsay, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 712, f. 4 
(sternum) ; Lydekker, Cat. Foss. B. p. 128 (1891). 
Didus nazarenus, Bartl. (nee Gm.) P. Z. S. 1851, p. 284, pi. xlv. *; 
id. Ann. $ Mag. N. EL. (2) xiv. pp. 297-301 (1854); A. ISTewt. 

P.Z. S. 1865, pp. 199-201, pi. viii.f, p. 716 (=P . solitaria) ; id. 
Ann. $ Mag. N. H. (3) xvi. pp. 61-63 (1865) ; id. Ibis, 1865, p . 153 
(note), p. 552. 
Pezophaps minor, Strickl. Contr. to Orn. 1852, p. 19; id. Tr. Zool. 
Soc. iv. p. 191 ( ?) (1859) ; A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1865, p. 716 (note) ; 
Owen, Tr. Zool. Soc. vii. pp. 519, and follow., pi. Ixvi. fT. 5, 6, 7, 
12 (1871). 

Didus ineptus, A. Newt, (nee L.) Ibis, 1865, pp. 199,201 (Rodriguez). 
Pezophaps solitarius, A. Newt. Enc. Brit. 3rd ed. iii. p. 732, with. 
figure (ex Leguat) (1875); Sharpe, Cat. Mies. R. Coll Surg. iii. 

p. 160 (1891). 
Known from its hones, from the original account and -figure 
of Leguat (1691-1693), and also from some meagre information we 
have from D'Heguerty (1754) (l Mem. de la Soc. Roy. des Sc. et 
Belles-Lettres de Nancy,' i. p. 79), and from the account given by 
the Abbe Pingre, who states that he was assured in 1761 that the 
bird was then alive ('Relations du voyage de Tabbe Pingre a 1'Sle 
de Rodrigue,' MS. in the library of Ste. Genevieve at Paris). 

The following is an extract from Leguat's description:—" Th e 
Feathers of the Males are of a brown grey Colour; the Feet and Bea k 
are like a Turkeys, but a little more crooked. They have scarce an y 
Tail, but their Hind-part cover'd with Feathers is Roundish, like tlie 
Crupper of a Horse, they are taller than Turkeys. Their Neck is 
straight and a little longer in proportion than a Turkeys, when it lifts 
up his Head. Its Eye is black and lively, and its Head without Comb 
or Cop. They never fly, their wings are too little to support th e 

* " On some Bones of Didus" (I c. pp. 280-284). 
t " On some recently discovered Bones of the largest known species of Dodo 
Didus nazarems, Bartlett)," 

1. PEZOPHAPS. 
631 

weight of the Bodies; they serve only to beat themselves, and 
flutter when they call one another. They will whirl about for 
twenty or thirty times together on the same side, during the space 
of four or five Minutes : The Motion of their Wings makes them a 
Noise very like that of a Battle ; and one may hear it two hundred 
Paces off. The Bone of their Wing grows greater towards the 
extremity, and forms a little round Mass under the Feathers as big 
as a Musket Ball: That and its Beak are the chief Defence of this 
Bird ... . some of the Males weigh forty-five pounds. The 
Females are wonderfully beautiful, some fair, some brown; I call 
them fair, because they are of the colour of fair Hair: They have a 
sort of Peak like a Widow's upon their Breasts (lege beaks), which 
is of dun Colour. No one Eeather is stragling from the other all 
over their Bodies, they being very careful to adjust themselves, and 
make them all even with their Beaks. The Peathers on their 
Thighs are round like Shells at the end, and being there very thick, 
have an agreeable effect. They have two Risings on their Oratvs, 
and the Peathers are whiter than the rest, which lively represents 
the fine Neck of a Beautiful Woman. They walk with so much 
Stateliness and good Grace, that one can not help admiring and 
loving them ; by which means their fine Mein often saves their lives. 

" We find in the Gizzards of both Male and Female a brown 
Stone, of the bigness of a Hens Egg, 'tis somewhat rough, fiat on 
one side, and round on the other, heavy and hard. We believe 
that this Stone was there when they were hatch'd, for let them 
never be so young, you meet with it always. They have never but 
one of 'em, and besides, the Passage from the Craw to the Gizzard 
is so narrow, that a like Mass of half the bigness cou'd not pass. 
It served to whet our Knives, better than any other Stone whatsovever." 


According to D'Heguerty this bird was larger than a Swan. 

Hah. Rodriguez Island. 

a b. d 2 skeletons. Rodriguez. Transit of Venus Exp. [0.]. 

' * Royal Soc. [P.l 
c, d. Nearly complete Rodriguez. Transit of Venus Exp. [0.]. 
sets of bones of two Royal Soc. [P.]. 
individuals. 

e. A selection of the miscellaneous bones irom the coll. 
of the ' Transit of Venus' Expedition. 
/ Proximal end of right humerus (Strickl. Tr. Zool. Soc. 

iv. pi. 55. if. 1, 2). 
a. Right femur of female (?). 
h. 
Cast of right femur (Strickl. & Melville,< Dodo &c. 
pi. xiv. If. 4-7). 
I Cast of shaft of right femur. 
h Fragment of right femur (Strickl. Tr. Zool. Soc. iv. 
pi. 55. f. 3). 
I Right tibia (Strickl. Tr. Zool. Soc. iv. pi. 55./. 4). 

m. 
Oast of fragment of tibia in Oxford University Museum 
(Strickl. Sz Mel v. op. tit. pi. xv. f. 1). 
DIBID2E. 

n Cast of tarso-metatarsus in Oxford University Museum 
(Strickl. & Melv. 'Dodo' &c. pi. xv. f. % and Didus 
nazarenus, Bartl. P. Z. S. 1851, pi. 45. f. 1). 


o 
Bio-ht tarso-metatarsus (Z>2#w$ solitarms, Bartl. P. Z. b. 
1*851, p. 283, pi. 45. f. 2). 
p. 22 odd bones presented by Sir E. Newton. 
2. DIDUS. 
Type. 
Kaphus, i?m$. Oro. v. p. 15 (1760) (ex Moehring). 
Didus, Linn, S. N. i. p. 267 (1766) D. ineptus. 
? Apterornis, Be Selys, Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 203 D. ? borbonicua. 
? Ornithaptera, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 2 (1854) ...... P. ? borbonicus. 

Range. Mauritius and Reunion (?) Islands. 

Key to the Species. 

a. Plumage dark ashy; first four primaries directed 
backwards ineptus, p. 632. 
b. Plumage white, with some admixture of yellow ; 
first four primaries directed downwards and 
forwards ? borbonicus, p . 635. 
1. Didus ineptus. 
Walghvogel, Van Neck, Yoy. pi. 2 (1601). 
Walchvogel, JDe Brys, Orient. 2nd. pt. xv. t. ii. (1601). 
Gallinaceus gallus peregrinus, Cius. Exot. Libr. v. p. 99, t. 100 

(1605); Olear. Mus. p. 23, t. 13. f. 5 (1750). 
Dod-eersen, or Valgh-vogel, Herbert's Travels, 1st ed. (1634) t. 

p. 212,2nd ed. (1638) p. 110, 3rd ed. (1665) p. 107, 4th ed. (1677) 
p. 102. 
Cygnus 
cucullatus, Nieremb. Nat. p. 231 (with figura ex Clusius) 
(1635); WillugU. Orn. p. 107, t. xxvii. (1676); Ray, J$yn, Av. 

p. 37, n. 4 (1713); Jonst. Av. p. 122, t. 56 (ex Clusius) (1768). 
Dronte, Bont. Ind. Orient, t. p. 70 (1658); Buff. Hist Nat. Ots. i. 
p. 480 (1770); Morel, Observ. stir la Rhys. xii. p. 154 (notes), 
p. 175 (1778). 
Raphus, Moehr. Av. Gen. 57 (1752); Briss. Orn. v. p. 15 (1760). 
Dodo, JEdw. Glean. Nat. Hist. iii. p. 179, pi. 294 (1757) ; JBrodevzp, 
Benny Cyclopaedia, ix. pp. 47-55 (1837); ? Caldw. P. Z. S. 1885, 

p. 719; A. Newt. Diet, of Birds, p. 155 (1893). 
Didus ineptua, Linn. 8. N i. p. 267, n. 1 (1766); Borowsh. Nat. ii. 
p. 161, t. 25 (1781); Gm. JS. N. i. p. 728, n. 1 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Orn. ii. p. 662, n. 1 (1790); Bonn. Tabl Enc. MSth. i. p. 166, 
pi. 48. f. 1 (1790); Illig. Prodr. Mamm. et Av. p. 245 (1811); 
Sonnini, N. JD. ix. p. 589 (1817); Cuv. Regn. An. i. p. 463 (note) 
(1817); Bum. Bict. So. Nat. xiii. pp. 519-522 (1819); Vigors, 
Trans. Linn. Soc. xiv. p. 484 (1823); Steph. Gm. Zool xiv. 1, 
p. 308 (1826); Ranz. Elem. di Zool. iii. pt. ix. pp. 304-312(1826) ; 
Duncan, Zool. Journ. iii. pp. 554-566, ff. 1, 2,3 (1827); id. Bull. J&C. 
Nat. xv. pp. 304, 305 (1828); Thomps. Loudon's Mag. N. 3 , ii. 
pp. 442-448 (1829); Less. Tr. oVOm. pp. 10-11 (1831); Blainv. 
Nouv. Ann. du Mus. iv. pp. 1-36, pis. i.-iv. (1835); Less. CompL 
2. DIBITS. 633 
de Buff., Ois. vii. p. 5 (1836); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 72 (1838) ; 

G. R. Gr. List Gen. B. p. 64 (1840); id op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 82 
(1841) ; Reinh. Kroner's NaturUst. Tidsshr. iv. pp. 71. 72 (1842) 
[his, 1843, pp. 58, 59); StricU. P. Z. S. 1844, p. 77; id. Imtitut, 
xni. n. 582, pp. 73, 74 (1845); Samel, Bull, phys.-math. Acad. 
Petersb. iv. pp. 49-68 (1845); Lehmmrn, Nova Act. Ac. Zeop.-Car. 
Nat Cur. xxi. pt. 1, pp. 399-404 (1845); Owen, P. Z. S. 1846, 
pp. 51-53 ; id. Fror. N. Not. xl. n. 867, pp.184-136 (1846); Ilamel, 
Bull, phys.-math. Acad. Petersb. v. pp. 314-318 (1847); Cabot, 
Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. v. pt. 4, p. 490 (1847); Wagner, Bull. 
Ahad. Munchen, 1847, pp. 266-272; Brandt, Verk russ. k. mineral. 
Ges. Petersb. 1847, pp. 201-243; Owen, P. Z. S. 1848, pp. 2-6; 
Brandt, Bull, phys.-math. Acad. Pitersb. vii. n. 3, 6, pp. 37-42 
(1848); Samel, ibid. n. 5, 6, pp. 65-96 (March 1848); id. 
Archiv f. Naturg. 1848, i. pp. 118-156; Fitzinger, Archiv f. 
Naturg. 1848, i. pp. 79-81; G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 482, pi. 120* 
(head), 120* (foot) (1848); Strickl # Melv. The Dodo and its 
Kindred, p. 152 (1848); Steenstr. Forhandl. Skand. Naturf. Mode 
i Kjobenh. (1847) 1849, pp. 948, 949 ; Owen, Tr. Zool. Soc. iii. pp. 
331-338 (1849) ; Strickl. Ann. Nat. Sist. (2) iii. pp. 136-139, 259261 
(1849), iv. pp. 335-339 (1849), v. pp.290,291 (1850); Sundev. 
Arsberatt. om Framsteg. i Vertebr. Bjurens NaturalMst. og Mhnogr. 
1845-50, p. 254; Jard. Contr. to Orn. 1850, p. 123 ; BartL 
P. Z. S. 1851, pp. 280-284; id. Ann. N. S. (2) xiv. pp. 279-301 
(1854); Broderip, P. Z. S. 1853, pp. 54-57, fig. p. 55; id. Ann. 
N S. (2) xv. pp. 143-146 (1855); Schleg. Album der Natur, 
p. 323 (1854); id. Versl. en Meded. K. Ak. Amsterd. ii. pp. 232356 
(1854); Bartl. Ann. $ Mag. N. S. (2) xiv. p. 297 (1854); 
Bp. Consp. An. ii. p. 2 (1854); Reuss, JDenkschr. k. Ak. Wiss. in 
Wien, p. 71, pi. i (upper mandible and part of the skull in Prague 
Museum) (1855); Bp. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 840, n. 4 (1856) ; 
Bolle, J. f. 0. 1856, pp. 318,323; Broderip, Tr. Zool. Soc. iv. 
pp. 183-186, 197-199, pi. 59 (1859); A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1860, 

p. 443; Rchnb. Tauben. l. p. 125 (1862), ii. p. 187, Novit. Suppl. 
t. vii. ff. 82, 83, 84, 85 (1862) ; Cocquerel, Anim. perd. qui habit, 
les Ues Mascareignes (1863); A. Newt. Ibis, 1865, pp. 552, 732 
(Mauritius), 1866, p. 128; Clark, Ibis, 1866, pp. 141-146; id. 
Ann. Sc. Nat. (5) vi. pp. 19-24 (1866); Gerv. $ Cocquerel, 
Compt. Rend. Ixii. pp. 924-928, 1017 (1866); id. Mev. et Mag. 
de Zool 1866, pp. 209-215; Milne-Edw. Compt. Rendus. xlii. pp. 929932, 
1092 (1866); id. Ann. Sc. Nat. v. pp. 355-380, pis. 13-17 
(1866) ; id. Rev. et Mag. de Zool 1866, pp. 215-219 ; id, Ann. § 
Mag. N.S. (3) xvii. pp. 473-475 (1866); R. Meyer, Zool. Gart. 
1866, pp. 352-354; Owen, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 4; id. Mem. on the 
Dodo, efc.pp. 55, pis. xii. (1866); id. Tr. Zool Soc. vi. pp. 49-85, 
pis. xv.-xxiv. (1867); Brandt, Bull Ac. Imp. Sc. PUersb. vi. 
pp. 233-253 (1867); Behn, Allg. deutsch. naturh. Zeit. 1867, 
pp. 164, 169; Frauenf. Neu aufgef. Abbild. des Bronte u. s. w. 
pp. 17, Taf. 1 (1868); Jaeckel, Zool Gart. 1868, pp. 35-37, with 
fig.; Millies, Over eene memo ontd. Afbeel von den Dodo (Didus 
ineptus), pp. 20 (Verh. k. Ak. Weiensch. Amsterd. xi. 1868); J". 
Remh. Overs. K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. 1868, p. 158 ; 
Clark, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 473; G. R. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 248, 
n. 9456 (1870); Owen, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 299 ; id. Tr. Zool 
Soc. vii. pp. 513-525, pis. lxiv.-lxvi. ff. 8, 11, 14, 17 (1871); 
id. Ann. $ Mag. N. S. (4) ix. pp. 168, 241, 321 (1871); Sundev. 
Tent p. 98 (1872); Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Struthiones, p. 3 (1873) 
634 DTDIDiE. 

Wilmat, Field, xliii. p. 177, n. 1104, Feb. 21, 1874; A Newt. 

P Z 8 1874, pp. 447-449, 1875, p. 349; Gkeb. Thes. Orn. n. 

V. &6 (im): Newt. Enc. Brit. iii. p. 732 (1875); id.P.Z. 8. 
1876, p. 333; id. Enc. Brit. vii. p. 321 (1877); Cory, Beaut $ 
Curious Birds, pt, i. pi. 1 (1880); Lindsay, P. Z S. 188o, p. /12, 
f. 1 (sternum); Caldw. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 719; E. ^ewt P Z 8. 
1890, p. 402 ; Lucas, Pep. Nat. Mus. 1888-89, p. . . . ; Lydekkei, 
Cat. Foss. B. p. 129 (1891); Sharpe, Cat. Mus. Boy. Coll. Surg.nu 
p. 159 (1891); E. Newt % Gadow, P. Z. S. 1892, pp. 544, 545. 
Hooded Dodo, Lath. Gen. 8yn. v. p. 1 (1787) ; Shaw, Nat Misc. iv. 
pi. 123, pi. 143 (leg) (1792 c), v. pi. 166 (head) (1792 c.): id. Zoolog. 
Led. i. p. 213. 

The following description is copied from Edwards, who took it 
from an original picture of the bird then in his possession and now 
in the British Museum :— 

" The figure in the original is about thirty inches high ; the bill 
in its greatest lineal length is nine inches; the e}res are placed in 
the basis of the upper mandible. 

" The bill, which is hooked at the end like a Parrot's, is blackish, 
except a little redness above the tip on its arched part; it hath 
risings above the nostrils; half the bill, next the head, is of a 
light ash-colour ; the iris of the eye is whitish. The feathers of the 
crown of the head meet and join the bill in an angle, forming the 
appearance of a hood. The whole bird, except the wings and tail, 
is an ash-colour, darker on the upper side, and lighter on the under ; 
the breast is almost white, and the feathers about the joints of the 
legs almost black. The tail is placed very high, and the feathers, 
which are of a whitish colour, rising. The greater or quill feathers 
of the wings are of a yellowish-white, the covert-feathers white 
with black tips, and the smaller coverts on the ridge of the wing 
ash-coloured. The legs and feet, which are thick and strong, are 
covered with a scaly yellow skin; each foot hath three toes 
standing forward, and one backward *; the claws are black.1' 

This bird, which inhabited Mauritius, is now extinct; it was still 
living in 1681; the last evidence we have of the Dodo's existence 

* The following references belong to a bird described by Cauche with only 
three toes ; but it is generally admitted that this was a mistake, and that the 
bird was the Dodo :— 
Oiseau de Nazareth, Cauche, JDescr. de Vile de Madaq. pp. 130 and follow. 
(1651). 
Oiseau de Nazare ou Oiseau de naus^e, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. i. p. 485 

and follow. (1770); Bum. Diet. Sc. Nat xxxv. p. 494 (1825). 
Nazarene Dodo, Lath. Syn. Av. iii. 1, p. 4, n. 3 (1781). 
Didus nazarenus, G<m. S.N. i. p. 729, n. 3(1788); Latk.Ind. Orn.il 

p. 663, n. 3 (1790); Bonn. Tabl Enc. Meth. i. p. 167 (1790); Cuv. Begn. 
An. i. p. 463 (note) (1817); 8onnmi, N D. xxiii. p. 431 (1818); Steph.
(xen. Zool. xiv. p. 310(1826); Banz. Mem. in. pt. ix.p. 311 (1826); 
Cuv. Begn. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 498 (note) (1829); Less. Tr. d'Om. p. 11 
(1838); Strickl. # Melv. Bodo Sec. p. 21 (1848); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 2 
(1854); id. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 840, n. 5 (185tS); Balle, J.f.O. 1866, 
p. 325 ; Rchnb. Tauben, I p. 128 (1862). 
2. DIBITS. 
635 
is contained in a journal kept by Benj. Harry, now in the British 
Museum (MSS. Addit. 3668, 11. D.). 

Besides a great number of bones, which have been discovered at 
different times, and especially by Mr. George Clark, of Mauritius, 
in 1865, there are a few scattered relics of this bird—a head and a 
foot at Oxford, a perfect head at Copenhagen, and a foot in the 
British Museum. 

a. 
Picture made in Holland from a living bird, probably by 
Roland Savery, formerly belonging to Sir Hans Sloane, 
and afterwards the property of G. Edwards. 
b, c, d. 
Three casts of the head in the University Museum 
of Oxford. 

e. Foot, figured by Mitchell in the ' Genera of Birds/ pi. 120, 
and by Strickland and Melville, < The Dodo,' pi. vi. 
/ . 
Skeleton, nearly complete, described and figured by 
Strickland and Melville, op. cit. pis. viii., ix., x., xii., 
and xiii. 

g. Cast of the osseous head in the Copenhagen Museum. 
h. 
Cast of the upper mandible and part of the skull in the 
Royal Museum of Prague. 
i. 
Cast of the bones of the foot in the University Museum 
of Oxford. 
h. Several dorsal vertebrae. ~" 
/. Portion of the cranium cut in half through its length. 
m. Distal portions of the upper osseous bill and of the lower 
mandible. 
n-q. Complete lower mandible and fragments, 


r. Nine ribs. 
s. Sternum cut transversely. 
t, u. Two coracoids with the scapulas. 
v. 
Eight coracoid with the corresponding half of the 
furculum. 
w. Right coracoid. 
> 
x. Left scapula. 
CO 
y. Half of a furculum. 
z, a', b1. Right and left humerus and fragment. pu 
-i

c'. Two radia. 
d', e\ Pelvis. 
f-i\ Four right and left femora. 
k'-n'. Tibiae and fragment. <ppu 
o',p'. Fibulae. 
q', r', 5'. Tarso-metatarsi. 

f. 
Miscellaneous bones, Mare aux Songes. Purchased of 
Mr. H. H. Slater. 
2. Didus (?) borbonicus. 
Great 
Fowl, Tatton, Voy. of Castleton, in Purchases Pilgrimage, 
ed. 1625, i. p. 331 (Bourbon, Reunion); Strickl 8f Meh. Dodo etc. 

p. 57 (1848). 
^ 
Dod-eersen, Bontekoe, Jourti. ofte gedenck. beschr. van de Oost-Ind. 
Reuse, Haarlem, 1646, p. 6, Rotterdam, 1647, p. 7, Amsterdam, 
1648, p. 5,1650, p. 5, Utrecht, 1649, p. 6 • Strickl. <$• Melv. op. at. 

p. 57 (1848). 
Oiseau Solitaire, Carre, Voy. des Ind. Orient i. p. 12 (1699). 
Solitaire, D. B. (JDu Bois), MS, Journ. et Rel des Voy. avx ties 
636 DIDID^. 

Daufine ou Madag. et de Bourbon ou Mascarenne, 1669; Strtckl. 

P. Z. S. 1844, p. 78 ; Strickl. $ Melv. op. tit. p. 58 (1848) ; BoUe, 
J. f. 0. 1856, p. 322; Dubois, Ann. Sc. Nat. (5) vi. p- 43 (note) 
(1866). 
Apterornis solitarius, de Selys, Bev. Zool. 1848, p. 293. 
Didus apterornis, Schley. Ook een Wordje over den Dodo, p. 15, f. 2 

(1854); id. Over de Struisart. Vog. in Album der Nattmr, 1854, xi. 

p. 323, f. in p. 21. 
Pezophaps borbonica, Bp. ex Strickland, fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 2 
(1854). 
Ornithaptera borbonica, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 2 (1854) ; id. Compt. 
Rend, xliii. p. 840, n. 3 (1856). 
Didus ineptus, Tegetm. {nee Linn.) P. Z. S. 1866, p. 201. 
Didus sp., A. Newt. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 179. 
Didine Bird of the Island of Bourbon (Reunion), A. Newt. Tr. Zool. 

Soc. vi. pp. 373-376, pi. 62 (1807) *. 
Apterornis solitaria, Milne-Edw. Ibis, 1869, p. 272. 
? Didus borbonicus, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Struthiones, p. 3 (1873). 
Solitaire of Reunion, A. Newt. Dnc. Brit. ii. p. 732 (1875). 

According to Prof. A. Newton :— 

1st. The Didine bird of Bourbon in general shape resembled the 
true Dodo of Mauritius. 
2nd. Its plumage was white, with some admixture of yellow; and 
3rd. The first four primaries of the wings were not directed 

backwards, but downwards and forwards. 

Mentioned by Tatton, Bontekoe, Carre, and Du Bois. IBontekoe 
gave a figure which, like a picture in the possession of Mr . C. Dare 
of Clatterford, and now deposited in a museum at Carisbrooke 
Castle, in the Isle of "Wight, according to Prof. Newton represents 
the Bourbon Dodo. 

* "On a Picture supposed to represent the Didine Bird of the Island of 
Bourbon (Reunion)" {I.e.). 

APPENDIX. 

 HAVE included in this Appendix the doubtful species of Pigeons, 
which have not yet been identified, and which I could not conveniently 
intercalate in the body of this volume; a few fictitious ones; 
and some which have been wrongly associated with the Pigeons. 

1. CoLUMBA ADFDttS. 
Columba adfinis, Mohring, Av. Gen. 103 (1752) : Wald. Ibis, 1869, 

p. 326, note. ' 
Apparently the same as Guculus brasiliensis, Linn. S. 1ST. i. p. 171, 

n. 18 (1766), a bird which has never been identified. 
2 . CoLUMBA ASIATICA. 
Indian Pigeon, Lath. Syn. SuppL i. p. 202, n. 60 y (1787). 

Colmnba asiatica, lath, (nee Mull.} 1776) Ind. Orn. ii. p. 597, n. 14 
(1790); Bonn. Tabl. Ene. Meth. p. '241 (1790) ; Temm. Pig. et 
Gallin. i. p. 467 (1813); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 53 (1819) ; tieill. 
Is. D. xxvi. pp. 348, 379 (1818); Desm. Diet. 8c. Nat. xl p. 572 
(1826); Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. dub. 2 (1827). 

Treron ? asiatica, G. It. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, n. 18 (1844). 

"Length 11 inches; beak bluish at the base, towards the tip 
white; head ash-colour; neck pale yellowish green, lower part of 
the neck all round, the middle of the wing near the shoulders, and 
all the under parts, white; the whole of the outer edge of the wings 
and the quills black, with whitish edges; body above and tail 
greenish-ash colour; end of the tail dusky; legs bluish; claws 
black. Inhabits India." (Latham.) 

Apparently a species of the Treronine subfamily, but not yet 
identified. 

3. COLUMBA AUSTKALIS. 
Columba australis, Ckamisso (nee Linn.) in Kotzebue's Reise, iii. 

p. 113 (from Radack or Marshall Islands) (1821) ; G. R. Gr. List 
B. Trop. Isl. p. 43 (1859); Wigleszv. Ibis, 1893, p. 211. 
Probably the same as Globicera oeeanica, the only Pigeon found 
in the Marshall Islands by Br. Finsch. 

4. COLUMBA BEUNNBA. 
Columba brunnea, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 603, n. 38 (1790) (New 
Zealand) ; Bonn. Tabl. Ene. Meth. i. p. 244 (1790); Temm. Pig. 
et Gallin. I pp. 375, 475 (1813); Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 347 (1818); 

638 APPENDIX. 

Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 84 (1819); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. id. p. 872 
(1826): Waal. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. dub. 6 (1827) ; Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 59 (1834); G. B. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 238 (note) (New 
Zealand). 

Brown Pigeon, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl ii. p. 267, n. 2 (1802). 

Perhaps the same as Hemiphaga novas zealandice (Gin.). 

5. COLUMBA CJSRULEA. 
Tlacahoilotl, Hern. Hist. Nov. Hisp. p. 46, cap. clix. 
Columba casrulea mexicana, Briss. Orn. i. p. 139, n. 85 (1760). 
Pigeon bleu du Mexique, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. p. 525 (1771). 
Blue Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 634, n.28 (1783). 
Columba coerulea, Gm. S. N i. p. 776, n. 11 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. 


ii. p. 601, n. 31 (1790); Bonn. Tabl Enc. Om.-p. 234 (1700); 
Vieill N. D. xxvi. p. 345 (1818); id. Enc. MSth. i. p. 882 (1823); 
Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 371, n. Il l (1826); Wagl* Syst. Av. 
Columba, sp. releg. 5 (1827) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 59 (1854). 

"Size of a domestic Pigeon. Head, neck, back, rump , upper 
tail-coverts and tibials blue; some red feathers on the head and 
neck, especially on the lower part of the latter; breast, abdomen, 
sides, wing-coverts, and under tail-coverts red ; quills and tail-
feathers blue; iris red, like the beak and feet. Inhabits Mexico." 

{Translated from Brisson.) 

Apparently a fictitious bird. 

6. COLUMBA CJEKULEA. 
Columba casrulea, Temm. <$• Knip (nee Gm.), Big. L faro.* seconde, 

pi. 37 (1808-11); Temm. Big. et Gattin. pp. 290, 47 5 (1813); 
Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 345 (1818) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 87 
(1819); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 341 (1826); Wagl. Syst. Av. 
Columba, sp. 55 (1827); Behnb. Syn. Av. f. 1267 (1847) (ex 
Temminck) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 59 (1859). 

Oreopeleia caerulea, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 32, t, 225. f. 1267 (1862). 
Geotrygon casrulea, Gieb. Thes. Orn. ii. p. 254 (1875). 

No doubt a fictitious bird, coloured like a Cotinga, with tlie upper 
parts blue, throat and upper breast vinous, rest of the lower parts and 
a patch on the cheeks white. 

Supposed to be from Bengal. 

7. COLUMBA CINEKEA. 
Tourterelle cendr6e de lisle de Lucon, Sonner. Voy. Nouv. Guin. 

p. 52, pi. 22 (1776); Wald. Tr. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 220 (1875). 
Luzonian Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 646, var. c (1783). 
Columba cinerea, Scop. Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 94, n 93 
(1786) (ex Sonner at). 
Columba turtur, 6\ Turtur luzoniensis, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 780 (1788). 
Tourterelle de lisle de Lucon, Bonn. Tabl. Enc. Orn. p. 248 nl 81* 

f. 4 (1790) (ex Sonnerat). F '*' ' 
Columba turtur, 6\ Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 606 (1790): Stewh Gen 
Zool. xi. p. 73 (1819). Ji I 

APPENDIX. 639 

Coluinba turtur, var. b, Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. p. 479 (1813). 
Tourterelle grise de lisle de Lucon, Vieill N. D, xxvi. p. 381 

(1818). * F 
Coluinba turtur, var. 8, Wagl. Syst Av. Oolumba, sp. dub. 9 (1827). 
Coluinba phoenicorhyncha, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 745 (1829). 
Turtur cinerea, part., Bp. Consp. Av.il v. 61 (1854); Wall. Ibis, 

1865, p. 392; id. J.f. 0. 1866, p. 283. 

Turtur cinereus, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 70 (part.) (1862), ii. p. 174, 
Novit Suppl. t. iii. f. 2-5 (1862); v. Mart. J.f. 0.1866, p. 24 ; G. R. 
Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 238, n. 9312 (part.) (1870): Gieb. Thes. Orn. 

iii. p. 726 (1877). 
Size of Tourterelle grise ensenglantee (Phlogoenas cruenta); head 
and neck clear grey; rive or six feathers on the sides of the neck 
are edged with black; breast and belly vinous grey; quills black; 
wing-coverts black, edged with brownish yellow ; upper tail-coverts 
black ; under tail-coverts white; bill and iris carmine-red; feet 
vinous red. (Translation.) 

Hab. Luzon. 

A bird not yet satisfactorily identified, but, according to Lord 
Walden, "the diagnosis agrees fairly with Golumba picturata, 
Temm., from which bird Sonnerat probably took his description." 

Mr. Blyth (< Ibis,' 1870, p. 173) mentions having observed in the 
Leyden Museum a Dove labelled Golumba turtur from the Philippines, 
u like T. auritus, but darker, the black predominating on the 
upper parts; lower tail-coverts white." Lord Walden (I. c.) asks if 
this can be Golumba cinerea. I have not been able to find any 
mention of such a bird in the Golumbce of Schlegei's ' Museum des 
Pays-Bas.' 

8. COLTJMBA CKISTATA. 
Uncommon Bird from Malacca, Badenachj Phil. Trans, lxii. pp. 1-3, 

pLi.(1772). 
Lesser Crowned Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 622, n. 10, pi. 58 (1783). 
Columba cristata, Orn. S. N. i. p. 774, n. 7 (with var. 0) (1788) ; 

Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 596, n. 10 (1790); Wagl Syst. Av. Columba. 
note at the end (1827). 

It is Rollulus rouloul from Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo. 

9. COLUMBA DOMLNICENSIS. 
Tourterelle de St. Domingue, HAubent. PL Bnl. 487. 

Columba dominicensis, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p 615, n. 79 (1790) ; 
Bonn. TabL Mith. I p. 256 (1790); Temm. $ Knip, Pig. i. fam. 
seconde, p. 113, pi. 51 (1808-11); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. 
pp. 361, 489 (1813); Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 385 (1818); Steph. 
Gen. Zool. xi. p. 100 (1819); Beam. Diet. 8c. Nat xl. p. 359 
(1826); Less. Compl. de Buffi, Ois. viii. p. 61 (1837); id. op. cit. 
2nd ed. p. 285 (1838) ; ? Wiirtt. Naumannia, 1852, 2, p. 53 
(Haiti and Cuba!!) ; Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 86 (1854) (fictitious 
bird) ; id. Compt. Rend, xliii. p. 946 (1856) ; Cab. J.f O. 1856, 

p. Ill; GtmdL J.f O. 1861, p. 416, 1862, p. 191. 
Saint-Domingo Pigeon. Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 271, n. 12 (1802). 
Columba annulata, Wagl. Syst Av. Columba, sp. 101 (1827). 
640 APPENDIX. 

Peristera dominicensis, G. E. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 476, n. 19 (1845); 
Rchnb. Syn. Av. p. 1438 (1847). 

Uropeleia dominicensis, Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 18, t. 258. f. 1438 
(1862) {ex DAubenton) j G. R. Gr. Sand-list, n. p. 240, n. 9349 a 
(1870). 

Obamcepelia dominicensis, Gieb. Thes. Orn. I. p. 633 (1872). 
Coturnicoenas dominicensis, " Gr" (errore), Gieb. Thes. Orn, i, p. 633 
(1872). 

" Bill black ; feet red ; upper parts ash-grey, back undulated ; 
wings with several black spots on the coverts; breast vinous ; forehead, 
sides of the head, and upper collar on the neck white ; a 
band on the anterior part of the crown, another from the nostrils 
under the eyes, broadened behind (on the ear-coverts), and a collar 
round the median part of the neck, black ; underparts grey; under 
tail-coverts white ; tail grey, the outer feathers white. Length 
11 inches." {Translation of Lathams descr.) 

Bab. St. Domingo. 

The bird figured by D'Aubenton and described after his plate by 
Latham has not again been found. Knip's plate is rather different. 
Bonaparte suspects that this is a fictitious bird, the head of which is 
probably that of Gharadrius virgimanus ! What the bird mentioned 
under the same name by Prince von Wiirttemberg, as common In 
Haiti, but rare in Cuba, can be is difficult to say. 


10 . CoLTTMBA FUSCA. 
Columba fusca, Gm. S. N. i. p. 773, n. 4 (1788) (Carthagena) {ex 
Jacq. Beytr. p. 33, n. 27, pt.) ; Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 346 (1818) ; 
JDesm. Diet. JSc. Nat xl. p. 371 (1826) j Wagl 8yst. Av. Columba, 
sp. releg. 8 (1&J7J. 

Size of a Turtle Dove, entirely brown, but the neck and breast 
with scale-like black and white marks. 
Probably the same as Scardafella squamata. 

11 . COLTDOA HOILOTL. 
Hoilotl, Hernand. Hist Nov. Hisp. p. 27, cap. Ix. 
Columba montana mexicana, JBriss. Orn. i. p. 130, n. 28 (1760). 
Columba hoilotl, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 777, n. 12 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. 


ii. p. 601, n. 30 (1790); Bonn. Tall Eno. Mtth. i. p. 243 (1790); 
Vieill. N JD. xxvi. p. 353 (1818); Desm. Diet So. Nat xl. p. 373 
(1826) ; Wagl Syst Av. Columba, sp. releg. 4 (1827); Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 59 (1854). 

According to "Wagler (Isis, 1831, p. 519) this is identical with 
Columba marginata, auct., but the American ornithologists suspect 
the identity of C. hoilotl with Melopelia leucoptera. 

12 . COLUMBA LNTUSCATA. 
Columba infuscata, "Licit? Rchnb. Syn. Av. t. 226. f. 1271 (1847). 

The above quoted figure has not been identified, even by Reichenbach; 
it looks to me like Columba vitiensis. 

APPENDIX. 041 

13 . COLTTMBA MACULATA. 
Spotted Green Pigeon, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 642, n. 37 (1783); Lath. 
Gen. Hist of B. viii. p. 23, pi. 117 (1823). 

Oolumba maculata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 780, n. 52 (1788); Lath. Ind. 
Om. ii. p. 605, n. 43 (1790); Bonn. Tabl. Eric. MSth. p. 239 
(1790); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. p. 405 (1813): VieilL N. B. 

xxvi. p. 367 (1818); Besm. Blot. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 375 (1826) ; 
Wagl. Syst. Av. Oolumba, sp. dub. 1 (1827). 
Oolumba picazu.ro (errore), Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 40 (1819). 
Ptihnopus? maculatus, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiv. p. 279 (1826). 
Ptilonopus maculatus (Gm.), Swains., G. B. Or. Gen. B. ii. p. 467, 

n. 20 (1844). 
" Length twelve inches. Bill black, tipped with pale yellow ; 
general colour of the plumage dark green, and glossy, the head and 
neck are darker than the rest, and of one plain colour ; the feathers 
of the neck long and narrow, like the hackles of a Cock; every 
feather of the wings and scapulars tipped with a spot of very pale 
cinereous white, with a point running upwards, somewhat triangular 
; quills and tail black; the feathers of the first tipped with 
cinereous white, those of the last with ferrugineous white, and 
even at the end : belly, thighs, and vent dusky black ; the legs are 
brown, and the shins covered half way with downy feathers ; claws 
black." (Latham.) 

Wagler thought that this bird may have been a young of Caloenas 
nicobarica. 

14 . OOLUMBA MALABAKICA. 
Tourterelle de la cote de Malabar, Sonner. Voy. Ind. Or. ii. p. 180 

(1782). 
Malabar Turtle, Lath. Syn. ii. 2, p. 652, n. 48 (1783). 
Oolumba malabarica, Gm. S. N. i. p. 779, n. 50 (1788); Lath. Ind. 

Om. ii. p. 609, n. 57 (1790) ; Temm. Pig. et Gallin. pp. 376, 483 
(1813); Vieill. N. B. xxvi. p. 379 (1818); Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. 

p. 86 (1819); Besm. Bict. So. Nat. xl. p. 376 (1826); Wagl Syst. 
Av. Oolumba, sp. dub. 11 (1827). 
Oolumba suratensis, b., Bonn. Tabl. Bnc. MStk p. 237 (1790). 

Apparently the same as Turtur suratensis. 

15. OOLUMBA MERIDIONALIS. 
Southern Pigeon, Lath. Syn. Suppl. ii. p. 270, n. 7 (1801) (New 
Holland). 
Oolumba meridionalis, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. Ix, n. 4 (1801) ; 

Vieill. N. B. xxvi. p. 346 (1818); id. Enc. Meth. i. p. 376 (1823); 
Besm. Bict. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 371 (1826) (doubtful species); Wagl. 
Syst Av. Oolumba, sp. dub. 16 (1827); Less. Compl. de Buff., 
Ois. viii. p. 74 (1837); id. op. cit 2nd ed. p. 289 (1838); Bp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 97 (1854). 

Phaps meridionalis, G. R. Gr. fide Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 91 (1854) ; 
 *Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 39 (1862); G. JR. Gr. Hand-list, ii. p. 245, 

n. 9430 (1870). 
Phaps histrionica, part., Gieb. Thes. Orn. iiL p. 89 (1877). 
VOL. xxi. 2 T 


642 APPENDIX. 

"Size of a Turtle; length tan inches; general colour of the 
plumage deep reddish brown, a little paler on the breast; from 
thence all beneath is pale reddish white ; the eve is brown, placed 
in a "bare bluish-white skin ; the bill black, a trifle bent at the end; 
the nostrils apparent, but not protuberant; the quilK are deep 
brown; on the lesser coverts, three or four marks of blackish purple; 
tail short, cuneiform, the feathers rather pointed at the ends: the 
two middle feathers black-brown, with a bar < f Mack about three 
quarters of an inch from the end ; the others brown* but white for 
about one inch next the tip, the two colours joining in a lunular 
form; the outer leather* white on the outer web the whole of its 
length ; lngs red.*' i hrthata. I 

Hah, Xew Holland. 

Latham si p lie had seen a specimen In Mr. Swain son's collection, 
and that it seemed to be much allied to the ^ Martinico Pigeon/ 
Perhaps it was a species of the genus Phnjps badly described. 

VI COIXMILI SXXICAXi. 

CJjMh nh tl, Ibrn. Ilt^f. X*,r. I£i#p. p. Ii>» cap, cxxiii. 

CoIuiiiKi n>*vY,iLa, Lri«*. Or a. i. p. *.*ft, n. 10 f I7t'0t; Gm, H. X. I 

p. 777, n 4*1 <I7HHK hrtth.Ind. Or a. ii. p, tJOl, n. ife|174.fCH; 
Vmli. X Ik x\n, p. IW> (l^l^j; Ih %M. hut. »S>. JW. \ l p, #7;$ 
( l^tlj ; JFw//. S)J\*.A}\ CiflliaJifij -p. it lMrr. :> | l^li?j ; //;>. Co/W/>. 
-4?. ii. 1. .?,* i l<Uj. 

PIJHMII <lu M**\lqu»\ /?if/f. UiX Xai. Oh. ii p. r>^5 f 1771 f, 
M* \iiMii Pijm «i, Lath.'fy/t. ii. l#
T p.tt»*$, u. 57 f 17H.1i. 


Brown, exf^pi the breast and tip* of the wingp, whw'h are white; 
ejeliiU red, iris Mick; feet red. Inhabits Mexico. (Translation 
from Brissmi.) 

Utterly uoknow n, 

17. CoLUMB.V MTS'IATl. 
Grand** Tourteivll** d<* la Chin**, &m^r. V*>y. Ind. Or. Ii. p. 178 

(liV2); Wald. Tn ZooL Mx. Ix. p. ±>0 (l*f 3». 

Columba xniniata, Tetnm. Biff, et Qallin. i. pp. »Mt i&) (WSj («: 

frmHrraf*: VuilL X.I), xxvi. p. #>s fltslSj; St*p/i. Oen. ZMJI 

xl p. 42 il^lfi*; j>/v»i. Itict.Se. Xat. xL p. #74 |lH^i); JF»/I. 

*Vpl. ^Ir. Colmnba, sp. club. 13 (1***1). 

Turtur cinerea, Bp, liter Scop.) Comp. Av. ii. p. 01 (1*54). 

Turtur miniatus, part,, Bp. C**mpL lieml xL p, Ifj i 1^55); id. Coup 

<C<*il Ordre Pig. p.'29(I&35). 

Turtur einerwis (part.)? Bp. Compt. Bind. xl. p. 219, n. 177 I 1S55); 

t«L Ccu/> d*ml Ordre Pif/,f.iilfn. 177 (1855); jRchnb. Tattben,\. 

p. 711 (pt. \(l 802 I; 6?. l l fh\ HeimUid, ii. p. 23% n. 9312 (pt) 
(1870) j 6&& 71«L Ora. ill. p. 726 (pt) (1877). 
Size of the Common Pigeon; head grey; upper part of the neck, 
belly and abdomen of a clear greyish red; posterior part; of the 
neck and back deep violet-purple ; feathers that cover the sides of 
the neck are scalloped In the centre, and terminated with a greyish-
red band; small feathers on the shoulders of a deep rosy or chestnut 

APPENDIX, 643 

colour; coverts of an earthy brown ; rump of a grey-lilac ; middle 
tail-feathers of a dusky black; the lateral ones black for half their 
length, and tipped with white; beak yellowish; irides red; feet 
brown. (Translation.) 

Hah. China. 
Probably the same as Tartar rostratus. 


18 . COLUMBA NiEVIA. 
Hoilotl seu Columba, Kern. Hist. Nov. Hisp. p. 26, cap. lvi. 
<Enas mexicana, Bms. Orn. i. p. 100, n. 11 (1700) (ex Hernandez). 
Pigeon sauvage du Mexique, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. p. 525 (1771). 
Columba nsevia, Gm. S. N. i. p. 777, n. 42 (1788); Lath. Ind. Orn. 


ii. p. 601, n. 29 (1790); Bonn. Tabl. Enc. Mith. p. 242 (1790); 
Twill N. D. xxvi. p. 365 (1818); JDesm. Diet. Se. Nat xl. p. 375 
(1826) ; Wagl Syst.Av. Columba, sp. releg. 3 (1827): Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 59 (1854). 
According to Wagler (Ms, 1831, p. 519), Hernandez's Hoilotl 
is identical with Qolumha marginatum auct. 

19. COLUMBA PALLIDA. 
Columba pallida, Lath. Gen. Syn. Suppl ii. p. $&(, n. 8/f 1802); M( 4 
Vieill N. D. xxvi. p. 346 (1818); id. Enc. Mith. i. p. 376, n. 80 
(1823); Desm. Diet So. Not. xl. p. 371 (1826); Wagl Av. Syst 
Nat. Columba, sp. dub. 7 (1827); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. pp. 59, 95 
(1854). 

The bird described by Latham is a Cacomantis (cf. Salvadori, Orn. 
Pap. e Mol. i. p. 331). 

20. COLUMBA PYRKKOPTERA. 
Tourterelle a ailes rousses, Vieill Enc. M4th. I. p. 387 (1823). 
Columba pyrrkoptera, Vieill. ibid. (1823) (Tripoli and Portugal), 


" Pront, gorge, devant du cou et dessous du corps, d'un gris vineux; 
dessus d'un gris rembruni; dessous des ailes, roux; bee 
noir; pieds rouges/' ( Vieillot.) 

" Cette espece, qui est tres-commune a Tripoli en Afrique, et 
qu'on voit quelquesfois en Portugal, a le front, le sinciput, la gorge, 
le devant du cou et les parties posterieures, d'un gris-vineux, qui 
s'eclaircit sur le ventre et les couvertures superieures de la queue ; 
le reste des parties superieures, les ailes et les deux pennes inter ~ 
mediaires de la queue sont d'un gris rembruni; les autres pennes 
caudales, noires et terminees de blanc; le bord interieur et le 
dessous des pennes alaires, d'un beau roux, de meme que toutes 
leurs couvertures inferieures." (Vieillot.) 

21. COLUMBA KOSEA. 
Columba rosea, Miller, Cimel Bhys. p. 105, t. 59 (1796); Wagl. Syst. 
Av. Columba, sp. dub. 14 (1827); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 59 (1854). 

" This beautiful bird, which is a native of India, is about the 

2T2 

644 APPENDIX. 

size of a small pigeon. Its general hue is a "rich sanguiae rose 
colour; the abdomen and uropygium paler than the other parts. 
The tail and wing-feathers are deep brown; the bill and legs 
yellow-brown ; the orbit mark, or part in which the eye is placed, 
is white, imbedded on the fore part with black, which colour runs 
just over the cere, so as to form a kind of black eapistrum or "band 
in front; the irides are yellow." {Miller,) 

Dr. Sharpe is of opinion that the plate is no doubt copied from a 
native drawing. 

22. COLT/MBA, sp. 
Columba senea, var. ft Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 602 (1790) (2\ox& 
Zealandia); G. P. Or. Ibis, 1862, p. 233, note (New Zealand). 

Apparently the same as Globicera myristicivora, but the locality 
is wrong. 

23. COLUMBA STTMATKEHSIS. 
Columba sumatrensis, Hester) J.f. 0. 1854, p. 287. 

A living bird, kept in confinement, is mentioned by Hesler 
under the above name, together with Columba suratensis. 

24. COLUMBA STTKINAMENSIS. 
Toiirterelle de Surinam, Fermin, Deser. de Surin. ii. p. 165. 
Surinam Turtle, Lath, Syn. ii. 2, p. 647, n. 41 (1783). 
Columba surinamensis, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 787, n. 67 (1788); Z,ath* 


Ind. Orn. ii. p. 607, n. 50 (1790); Bonn. Tall. Enc. Meth. p. 252 
(1790) ; Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. p. 478 (1813); Vieill N. D. xxvi. 

p. 386 (1818) ; Steph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. .75 (1819) j Desm. Uiet. 
8c. Nat. xl. p. 372 (1826) ; Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, sp. releg. 6 
(1827). 
Colombe Fermin, Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. p. 375 (1813). 

Ten inches in length; the beak is of a blue cast; the head and 
back are ash-colour; throat mixed green and black; the outer wing feathers 
brown, and those of the middle ash-colour; the breast and 
belly whitish; legs red. Inhabits Surinam. {Fermin.) 

An unidentified bird. 

COTUEJnCCENAS. 
Type. 
Cotumicoenas, Des Murs in Chenu's Bnc. ftlList. Nat, 
Ois. vi. p. 50 (1853) C. hottentota. 

25. CoilJKlSTCCENAS HOTTENTOTA. 
Colombi-caille, Levaill Ois. d'Afr. vi. p. 83, pi. 283 (1808) • 
Sundev. X. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1857, p. 55, n. 283. ? 

APPENDIX. 645 

Coluniba hottentotta, Temm. fy Knip, Pig. i. fam. trois. p. 20, 
pi. 15 (1808-11); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 429, 497 (1813); 
Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 403 (1818); id. Enc. 3£Sth. i. p. 386 (1823); 
Selb. Nat Libr., Pigeons, p. 198 (1835); less. Compl de Buff., Ois. 
vui. p. 14 (1837); id. op. cit. 2nd ed. p. 272 (1838); Bp. Consp. 
Av. ii. p. 69 (1854); Layard, B. S. Afr. p. 264 (1867); Gieb. 
The*. Orn. i. p. 744 (1872). 

Goura hottentota, Stepk Gen. Zool. xi. p. 131 (1819), xiv. p. 295 
(1826). F v y; F 
Coluniba gularis, Wagl Syst. Av. Oolumba, sp. 90 (1827). 
Ckammpelia hottentota, G. R. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 475, n. 5 (1845) ; 
Rchnb. Syn. Av. f. 1421 (1847). 
Coturnicoenas hottentota, Des Murs, in Chenu's Enc. d'Eist. Nat., 
Ois. vi. p. 51 (1853) ; Rchnb. Tauben, i. p. 81, t. 256. £ 1421 (1862); 

G. P. Gr. Sand-list, ii. p. 240, n. 9343 a (1820) (Avisjlctitia). 
General colour above deep red; forehead, chin, and throat white; 
underpays grey-brown, with scale-like markings of black, bordered 
with white. Length about five inches. 

A fictitious bird of Levaillant, who states that it lives in Great 
Namaqua-land! 

PSAMMOENAS. 
Type. 
Psammoenas, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 860 (note) (1845). P. burnesii. 

26. PSAMMOENAS BUKNBSI. 
Psammoenas burnesii, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 860 (note) (1845) 
(Cabul); id. Ann. $ Mag. N. H. xix. p. 101 (1847) ; id. Cat. B. 
Mus. A. S. B. p. 339 (1849); G. R. Gr. List Gen. £ Subgen. B. 
j .102, n. 1723 (1855); Gieb. Thes. Orn. Hi. p. 315 (1871) («T. 
risorius, L.!). 

Psammsenas bumesi, Bp. Compt. Rend. xlii. p. 890, n. 138 (1856). 

" A curious Pigeon, in the guise of a Pterocles, is figured among 
the drawings prepared under the superintendence of the late Dr. 
Alexander Burnes and Dr. Lord, marked Fahhtuh (i. e. Fachtali or 
Dove, Hind.), from Cabul, which should be sought for in the 
Scindian deserts. Total length about a foot, the wing six inches 
and a half, and tail pointed and Pterodes-like, extending nearly two 
inches beyond the tip of the wings; tarsi and toes, which, though 
rudely drawn, would appear to be those of an ordinary pigeon, 
naked, and of a pink colour. Bill dusky, being also apparently that 
of an ordinary pigeon, and rather slender. General colour light 
isabelline, with darker margins to the feathers of the mantle and 
wings; neck, breast, and underparts plain, the breast rufescent, 
and the belly and lower tail-coverts whitish; the outer tail-feathers 
would appear to have black tips; irides crimson. Should this hereafter 
be verified and constitute (as seems probable) a new genus of 
sand-doves, having the habits of the Gangas or Sand-grouse, it might 
bear the name Psammoenas bumesi." {Blyth.) 

G. R. Gray (Hand-list, ii. p. 239, n. 9328) has doubtfully identified 
640 APPENDIX. 

P. burnesi with Turtur risorius, but previously both he and Bonaparte 
suspected that P. burnesi may have been a bird belonging to 
the Pteroelidce. 
BHAGOEHINA. 
Type. 
Rliagorhina, Gloger, Gem. Rand-u. Hilfsb. d. Naturg. 


i. p. 3G0 (1842) R. auricularis. 
Craspedoenas, Rehnb. Syn. Av. Novit Columbarise, 
I. 2305. f. 3363 (1851); id. Av. Syst. Nat p. xxv 
(1852) » R. auricularis. 
27 . RHAGOHHEtfA ATJRICTJXARIS. 
Columba auricularis, Temm. fy Knip, Pig. i. fam. sec. p. 54, pi. 21 
(1808-11); id. Pig. et GaUin. I pp. 236, 465 (1813); VieilL N. D. 

xxvi. p. 356 (1818) j Steph. Gen. ZooL xl p. 4 (1819) ; VieilL Enc. 
Meth. i. p. 384, pi. 238. f. 2 (1823); JDesm. Diet Sc. Nat. xl. p. 320 
(1826) j Cuv. Megn. An. i. p. 492 (1829); Zees. Compl. de Buff., 
Ois. viii. p. 10 (1837); id. op. eit. 2nd ed. p. 271 (1838) ; Bp. 
Consp. Av. ii. p. 47 (nctitia ex C. livid) (1854); id. Compt. Rendus. 
xxxix. p. 1108 (1854); id. Coup cPceil Ordre Pig. p. 24 (1855); 
Schleg. Mm. P.-B. Columba, p. 65 (note) (1873). 
Colurnba temminckii, Wagl. Syst. Av. Columba, &p. 40 (1827)* 
Rliagorhina auricularis, Glogery Gem. Hand-u. Hilfsb. d. Naturg. L 

p. 360 (1842). 
Carpophaga? auricularis, G. P. Gr. Gen. B. ii. p. 469, n. 29 (1844). 
Craspedoenas auricularis, Rchnb. Syn. Av. Novit. Coluinbariae, 
t. 230 bJ. 3363 (1851); id. Av. Syst. Nat p. xxv (1852); G. JR. Gr. 
Hand-list, ii. p. 232, n. 9229 a (1870). 
Columba (Craspedoenas) auricularis, Mchrib. Tauben, i. p. 56. t. 230 b. 

f. 3373 (1862). 
"White, with the quills and tip of the tail black, and with red and 
blue caruncles on the throat! 

An artificial bird, made up with a skin of G. domestim. 

28. TimTTJR L¥SITAJK"US. 
Portugal Dove, Albin, Hist, of B. ii. pi. 48. 

Turtur lusitanus, Briss. Orn. i. p. 98 (1760). 

Tourterelle de Portugal, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. ii. p. 556 (1771): 

VieilL N D. xxvi. p. 384 (1818). 

Columba turtur y, Gm. S. N. i. 2, p. 786 (1788): Lath. Ind. Orn. 

ii. p. 606 (1790). 
Coluruba turtur, b, Bonn. Tabl. JEnc. MSth. p. 248 (1790). 
Columba turtur, van a, Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. p. 479 (1813). 
Perhaps not different from the Common Dove (Turtur turtur). 

29. TITRTUR sp. ? 
*, tf.iV.Lp.78l

Columba turtur var. 0, Gm. 
Gm.Gm. S. N Lp. 786 (1788); ? Lath. Ind. Orn. 

ii. p. 606 (1790). 
Apparently a species of Dove of the subgenus Spilopelia. 
APPENDIX. 

647 

VERBULIA. 

Typo. 

Verrulia, Flem. Philos. Zool. ii. p. 232 (1822) 

V. carunculata. 
Oreogenvs, Gloger, Gem. Hand- u. Hilfsb. d. Naturq 

i. p. 367 (1842) V. carunculata. 
Alectryopelia, van der Hoev. Handb. d. Zool. ed." 2,' ii" 
V. carunculata, 
p. 680(1855) 
'. , 
30 . VEEKTTLIA. CARFNOITLITA, 
Colombi-Galline, LevaiU. Ois. dAfr. TX. p. 98, pL 278 (1808); 
Sundev. K. 8v. Vet.-Ak. Ilandl 1857, p. ^5, n. 278. 

Columba carunculata, Temm. $ Knip, Pig. i. fam„ trois. p,19, pi. 11 
(1808-11); Temm. Pig. et Gallin. i. pp. 415, 49(5 (1813); Cuv. 
Regn. An. i. p. 455 (1817); Vieill. N. D. xxvi. p. 394 (1818); 
titeph. Gen. Zool. xi. p. 123 (1819); Vieill Eno. MStk i. p. 383 
(1823); Desm. Diet. Sc. Nat. xl. p. 303 (1826); Wagl Si/st. Av. 
Columba, sp. 41 (1827); Cuv. Regn. An. 2nd ed. i. p. 489 (1829); 
Less. Compl de Buff., Ois. yiii. p. 9 (1837); id. op. eit. 2nd ed. 

p. 271 (1838); Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 47 (1854) (fictitia ex C. domestical) 
; id. Compt. Rend, xxxix. p. 1108 (1854); id. Coup d'oeil 
Ordre Rig. p. 24 (1855); Layard, B. South Afj\ p. 264 (1867); 
Schfog. Mus. P.-B. Columba, p. 65 note (1873). 
Goura carunculata, Steph. Gen. Zool xi. p. 123 (1819), xiv. p. 296 
(1826). 

Verrulia carunculata, Flem. PMlos. Zool. ii. p. 232 (1822); G. R. Gr. 
List Gen. R. p. 58 (1840); id. op. eit. 2nd ed. p. 74 (1841) ; id. 
Gen. B. ii. p. 478 (1845); Rchnb. Syn. Av. fL 1471-72 (1847); 

G. R. Gr. Mand-list, ii. p. 233, n. 9241 a (1870). 
Geophilus carunculatus, /Selby, Nat. Libr., Pigeons, p. 218 (1835). 
Columba (Verrulia) carunculata, RcJmb. Tauben, i. p. 56, t. 263. 
if. 1471-72 (1862). 

Leaden grey, with white rump and fleshy caruncles on the throat. 

A fictitious bird, made up with a skin oi C domestica. 

31. 
CoLOffiEBicOLiN LMTBE, Less. Descr. Qaadr. 1850, p. 213 (ex Callao); 
Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 51 (1854); Rchnb. Tauben, I p. 61 (1862). 
" Similis C. denisece ? Eoseo-yinaceo griseoque varia; genis, 
jugulo, pectoreque rubro-vinaceis ; abdomine crissoque albo-vinaceis; 
colli lateribus seneo-violaceis ; uropygio resplendente (!); alarum 
maculis chalybeis sparsis; pedibus rubris." (Bp.) 

Possibly a Zenaida, but the description is insufficient to identify 
the species. 

32. 
LAB^E DEEP-BLUE PIGEON, Bovgainv. Voy. (Engl ed.) p. 247 
(Otaheite); Less. Voy. Cog. i. p. 299 (Otaheite) (1826); G. R. Gr. 
List B. Trop. Isl. p. 43 (1859). 
Probably Globicera ivilhesi. 

33. 
VERY LABGE PIGEON FBOM LOBD HOWE'S ISLAND, Phillips, B&t* 
Bay, p. 225; G. R» Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 232 (note). 
648 

.APPENDIX. 

34. 
PIGEON OP NEW ZEALAND WITH " THE HEAD AND NECK WHITE, 
THE FOBMEB CHESTED," Percy Earl, Voy. Ereb, 4" Terr., JBirds} 
p. 10 (1844); G. JR. Gr. Ibis, 1862, p. 233 note. 
35. 
PIGEON EIROM XIENGMAI (Slam), ScJiomb. Ibis, 1864, p. 250. 
Siamese Pigeon, Blyth, Ibis, 1867, p. 149. 
"There was another handsome Pigeon at Xiengmai, certainly 
dressed in less vivid colours than the preceding (Treron pAcenicoptera= 
Grocopus viridifrons), but much larger in size. The heada 
neck, and rump are of a pale Indian red ; on both parts of the neck 
there are a number of small feathers, black at their base, light blue at 
their upper edge, which, according as the light falls upon them, shine 
more or less brightly. The mantle is black, the feathers composing 
it being edged with Indian red, extending thence to the coverlets 
of the wing; the anterior part of the mantle is of a slate-blue, and 
the feathers approaching the tail increase in depth of colour, their 
edges being a shade lighter." 

Hob. 
Siam. 

Apparently a bird allied to Golumba puIchrkoUk or C. tlphiastonei. 


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 


abyssinica (Columba) 

16,19. 

abyssinica (Phalacro


treron), 16. 

abyssinica (Treron), 16, 

18,23. 

abyssinica (Vinago), 16. 

adfinis (Columba), 637. 

jEckmoptila, 543. 

segyptiaca (Columba), 

448,452,453. 

asgyptiaca (Peristera), 

450. 
«?gyptiaea (Streptopelia), 
452. 
segyptiaca (Turtur), 

450. 
ajgyptiacus (Turtur), 
b450. 
aemiliana (Macropygia), 

348. 
Mna,, 501. 
anas (Columba), 262. 
aenas (Palumbus), 262. 
261. 
senea 
(Carpopbaga), 
173, 177, 185, 186, 
188, 190, 191, 201, 


219. 
senea (Columba), 173, 
177,188,190. 
senea (Muscadivora), 

192. 
aenea palawanensis (Carpophaga), 
192. 
senea, \ar. nicobarica 
(Carpopbaga), 185. 
afer (Turtur), 508. 
affinis (Columba), 254. 
affinis (Osmotreron), 45. 
affinis (Vinago), 45. 
afra (Obaleopeleia), 508. 
afra (Chalcopelia), 506, 

507. 
afra 
(Columba), 398, 
449,506. 

afra (Haplopelia), 508. 

afra (Peristera), 507. 

African Turtle, 507. 

agricola (Columba), 

;' 
alba (Carpopbaga), 229. 
alba (Columba), 227, 
233,414. 
albertisii (Goura), 623. 
albertisii (Gynmopbaps), 

404.
albertsii (Goura), 622. 
albicapilla (Ckalcophaps), 
516. 
albicapilla (Columba), 

514. 
albicapilla (Macropygia), 
343,353,358. 
albicapilla (Phaps), 516. 
albiceps (Macropygia), 

ool. 
albicollis (Pblogoenas), 

601. 
albifacies (Geotrygon), 
581. 
albifacies (Peristera), 
581. 
albifacies (Starncenas), 
581. 
albifrons (iEcbmoptila), 
545. 
albifrons (Cbalcopbaps), 
521. 
albifrons (Engyptila), 
545. 
albifrons (Henicophaps), 
544. 
albifrons (Leptoptila), 
545,549,558. 
albifrons (Peristera), 521, 

545. 
albigularis 
(Carpopbaga), 
208, 313, 

314. 
albigularis 
(Columba), 
313,314. 

albigulai'is (Jantboenaa), 
313, 314. 
albilinea (Oblorccuas), 

294, 295. 
albilinea (Columba), 294. 
albilineata (Cbloroenas), 

295. 
albilineata (Columba), 
294. 
albipennis (Columba), 
272. 
albipennis (Petrophassa), 
530. 
albipennis (Phaps), 530. 
albitorques (Oolumba), 
265. 
albitorques (Palumbus), 
266. 
albitorques (Sfcictoenas), 
266. 
albitorques (Tsenioenas), 
266. 
albi venter (Geotrygon), 
566. 
albiventer (Oreopeloia), 
5()6. 

albiventris (Geopelia), 

461. 
albiventris (G-eotrygon), 
566. 
albiventris (Strep topolia), 
425. 
albiventris (Turtur), 421, 
425,426,428,429. 
albivitfca (Chamaspelia), 

475. 
albivitta (Pyrgitconas), 
475. 
albocinctus (Leucotreron), 
77. 
albocinctus (Ptilopus), 

77. 
albocinctus (Ptilinopus), 
77. 
albogularis 
(Carpopbaga), 
314. 

albogularis (Janthoenas), 

314. 
aldabramus (Turtur), 
411. 
albabranus (Turtur), 
411. 
alclebranus (Turtur), 
411. 
Alectorcenas, 160. 
Alectroenas, 160. 
Aleetryopelia, 647. 
Alsoeoums, 241. 
ainabilis (Cbam^epelia), 
382. 
amabilis (Zenaida), 381, 
382,384,545. 
auialiffi (Columba), 254. 
amarantha (Columba), 

170. 
amazilia (Cbaniaepelia), 
482. 
amazilia (Pyrgitcenas), 
482. 
ambiguus (Turtur), 419. 
Amboina Turtle, 351. 
amboinensis (Columba), 
47,347,349,351,360. 

amboinensis (Macropygia), 
346, 348, 349, 
351, 352, 354, 357, 
358,359, 360. 

amboinensis (Palumbus), 

514. 
amboinensis (Treron), 
47, 48. 
amboinensis (Turtur), 
346,349,351,355. 
amboinensis, 
var. albicapilla 
(Macropygia), 

343. 
amboinensis, var. macassariensis 
(Macropygia), 
343. 

amelise (Oolumba), 254. 
americana (Oolumba), 

369. 
americana (Oenas), 369. 
americanus (Turtur). 
374. 
ametibystina (Obloroenas), 
66. 
ametbystina (Pbabotreron), 
66. 
amethystina (Phapitreron), 
66. 
ametbystina (Phaps), 

66. 
ametbystina(Ptilonopus), 
66. 
anais (Cbanisepelia), 468, 
469. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

anais (Oolumba), 468. 
anais (Metriopeleia), 

469. 
anais (Metriopelia), 468. 
anais (Peristera), 469. 
angustipennis (Peristera), 
539. 
annulata (Oolumba), 
639. 
antarctica (Columba), 
235. 
antarctica (Museadi-
Yora), 235. 
antarctica (Stictoenas), 

235. 
antarcticus (Lopbolsemus), 
235. 
antarcticus (Lopbolaimus), 
235. 
antarcticus (Lopborhynchus), 
235. 
apicalis (Lamprotreron), 

98. 
apicalis (Ptilopus), 8ot 
98. 
apicauda (Spbenocercus), 
5. 
apicauda (Treron), 5. 
apicauda (Vinago), 5. 
apicicauda (Sphenocercus), 
5. 
apicicauda (Treron), 5. 
Aplopelia, 537. 
Apterornis, 632. 
apterornis (Bidus), 636. 
araucana (Obloroenas), 

296. 
araucana (Oolumba), 296. 
arborea (Oolumba), 262, 
300. 
argentina (Columba), 
248. 
argetraea (Oolumba), 237. 
armiliaris (Oolumba), 
607. m 
aromatica (Columba), 34, 
40, 47, 51, 52,127. 
aromatica (Dendrophassa), 
47. 
aromatica (Osmotreron), 

47. 
aromatica (Treron), 34, 
40, 42, 47,48, 51,127. 
aromatica (Vinago), 34, 
40, 45, 47, 51. 
aromaticum (Treron), 35. 
arossi (Macropygia), 363. 
arossiana (Macropygia), 

363. 
arquatricula (Oolumba), 
276. 
arquatricula* (Stictcenas), 

276. 
arquatrix " (Alsoeonius), 
276. 
arquatrix (Oolumba), 
276,277. 
arquatrix, var . tbomensis 
(Columba), 277. 
arquatrix (Palumbus), 

276. 
arquatrix (Stictcenas). 
276. 
arquatrix (Strictcenas), 
276. 
asiatica (Oolumba), 151, 
637. 
asiatica (Treron), 637. 
assirnilis (Carpopbaga), 
168. 
assirnilis (llacropygia), 
360. 
assirnilis (Megaloprepia), 
168,169. 
assirnilis (Ptilinopus), 

168. 
assirnilis (Ptilopus), 168. 
astrolabiensis (Carpopbaga), 
225. 
atricollis (Columba), 

501. 
atrogularis (Columba), 
501. 
augusta (Chalcophaps), 
516. 
augustse (Pbaps), 516. 
aurata (Columba), 514. 
auranticollis (Ptilopus), 
129. 
aurantiicollis (Syiphidcena), 
128. 
aurantiifrons (Pfcilonopus), 
128. 
aurantiifrons (Ptilopus), 

128. 
aurantiifrons, 
var. noTse 
guinese (Ptilopus), 

129. 
aurantiiyentris (Ptilopus), 
91. 
auricularis (Carpopbaga), 
646. 
auricularis (Columba), 

646. 
auricularis (Oraspedcenas), 
646. 
auricularis (Ebagorbina), 
646. 
auriculata (Ohamsepelia), 

386. 
auriculata (Peristera). 
385. 
aunculata (Zenaida), 
384, 385. 
aurisquarnata (Columbina), 
499. 
aurita (Columba), 380, 
384, 392. 
aurita (Zenaida), 380, 

384. 
^-auritus (Turtur), 396, 
397, 400, 401, 405. 
auritus, Tar. isabellina 
(Turtur), 400. 
aurora (Carpophaga), 

auroras (Carpophaga), 

180. 
aurorae (Globieera), 180. 
australis (Columba), 18, 
637. 
australis (Treron), 19, 
21, 24. 
australis (Yinago), 18,21. 
axillaris (Osmotreron), 

47, 48. 
axillaris (Treron), 48. 
aymara (Ohamaipelia), 

499. 
aymara (Columba), 499. 
aymara (Metriopeleia), 
499. 
aymara (Metriopelia), 
499. 
aymara (Peristera), 499. 
badia (Carpopbaga), 

215, 216, 218. 
badia (Columba), 218. 
badia (Ducula), 218. 
bahamensis (Chamse


pelia), 476. 
bahias (I/eptoptila), 553. 
bangueyensis (Ptilopus), 

143. 
baraniensis (Osmotreron), 
54. 
barbara (Streptopelia), 
429. 
barbaru (Streptopelia), 
428. 
Barred Turtle, 458. 
bartletti (Phlogsenas), 
587. 
basalica (Carpopbaga), 
212. 
basalica (Ducula), 212. 
basalis- (Carpophaga), 
212. 
basileus (Carpophaga), 
212. 
basilica 
(Carpopbaga), 
211


ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

basilica (Columba), 212. 
basilica (Ducula). 211, 

212. 
ba&ilis (Carpopbaga), 
212. 
basilis (Columba), 211. 
basilis (Ducula), 212. 
batavica (Columba), 
163. 
batcbianensis (Macropygia), 
356, 357, 358. 
batilda (Omeotreron), 

72. 
batilda (Ptilonopus), 72. 
bantamensis (Columba), 
458. 
beccarii (Cbalcopbaps), 
593. 
beccarii (Gkrara), 625. 
beccarii buonensis 
(Goura), 625. 
beccarii (Phlogoenas), 

593. 
bellus (Ptilonopus), 138. 
bellus (Ptilopus), 138. 
bernsteini (Carpopbaga), 
166. 
bernsfceinii (Megaloprepia), 
166. 
bernsteinii (Ptilonopus), 

166. 
bernsteinii (Ptilopus), 
166. 
bicincta (Columba), 425. 
bicincta (Osmotreron), 
57. 
bicincta (Treron), 57. 
bicincta (Vinago), 57. 
bicolor (Carpopbaga), 
228, 231, 233. 
bicolor (Cbloroenas), 

324. 
bicolor (Columba), 227, 
324. 
bicolor (Museadivora), 
229. 
bicolor (Myristicivora), 
227-231, 233. 
bicolor (Tympanistria), 

504. 
bimaculata (Phlogoenas), 
591. 
bimaculata (Zenaida), 
380. 
Biset, 252. 
bitorquata (Columba), 
421. 
bitorquata (Peristera), 
421. 
bitorquata (Streptopelia), 
422. 
U5t 

bitorquatus (Turtur), 421, 
425, 432. 
Black-capped Pigoon, 

142. 
Black-winged Pigeon, 
497. 
blenchleyi (Carpopbaga), 
225. 
Blue-crowned Turtle, 
514. 
Blue-headed Turtle, 613. 
Blue Partridge, 379. 
Blue Pigeon, (538. 
bogotensis (Zenaida), 
388. 
boliviana (Columba), 
497. 
boliviana (Columbma), 
497. 
boliviana (Columbula), 
497. 
boliviana (Peristera), 
497. 
boliviana (Zenaida), 497. 
bollei (Columba), 297, 
298. 
bollii (Columba), 297. 
bollii (Palurubus), 298. 
bonapartei (Peristera), 
550. 
bonapartei (Ptilopus), 
101. 
bonapartii (Leptoptila), 
550. 
borbonica (Ornithaptera), 
636. 
borbonica (Pezophaps), 

636. 
borbonicus (Didus), 
635, 636. 
bornensis (Cbalcopbaps), 

516. 
bornensis (Peristera), 
516. 
bourcieri (Ceotrygon), 
577, 578. 
bouvreyi (Trocaza), 298. 
bouvryi (Trocaza), 298. 
brachyptera (Leptoptila), 

545. 
brachyptera (Peristera), 
545. 
brasiliensis (Leptoptila), 
556. 
brasiliensis (Peristera), 
555, 556. 
brebmeri (Calopelia), 


524. 
brebmeri (Peristera), 
524. 
brehtni (Turtur), 524, 
brencbleyi (Carpopbaga), 
225. 
brenchleyi (Ducula), 

225. 
brevipennis (Peristera), 
549, 555. 
brevirostris (Pbabotreron), 
68, 69. 
broeckei (Pezophaps), 

620. 
broeckii (Didus), 629. 
Bronze-winged Pigeon, 
526. 
bronzina (Aplopeleia), 
540. 
bronzina (Aplopelia), 
540. 
bronzina (Columba), 
540. 
bronzina (Haplopeleia), 
540. 
bronzina (Haplopelia), 
540. 
bronzina (Peristera), 
540. 
bronzinus (Turtur), 
540. 
Brown Indian Dove, 
392. 
Brown Pigeon, 637. 
browni (Macropygia), 
367. 
browni (Reinwardtoenas), 
367. 
brunnea (Oolumba), 637. 
buckleyi (Ohamaspelia), 
484. 
burnesi (Paammoenas), 
645. 
buruensis (Macropygia), 
351. 
Butreron, 32. 
buttikoferi (Turturoena), 
331. 
buvryi (Oolumba), 297. 
cabocolo (Oolumbina), 

485. 
caBrulea (Oolumba), 639. 
cserulea (G-eotrygon), 
638. 
cserulea (Oreopeleia), 
638. 
csaruleiceps (G-eotrygon), 
579. 
cseruleocepbala (Oolumba), 
514. 
csesarinus (Ptilinopus), 

88. 
Catenas, 614. 
Oaliicenas, 614. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Oalloenas, 614. 
Caloena, 614. 
Oaloenas, 614. 
Oaloenas (a gorge rousse), 


588. 
Oaloenas (crinigere), 587. 
Calopelia, 522. 
calva (Columba), 20. 
calva (Phalacrotreron), 

21. 
calva (Treron), 18, 20, 
21. 
calva (Vinago), 20, 24. 
calvus (Treron), 21. 
Oalyptomenasnas, 158. 
Oalyptomcenas, 158. 
Cam bay an Turtle, 451. 
cambayensis (Columba), 
449, 451. 
cambayensis (Peristera), 

452. 
cambayensis (Sfcigmatopelia), 
452. 
cambayensis (Turtur), 
451, 452, 453. 
campestris (Ohamaspelia), 

490. 
campestris (Columba), 
489. 
campestris (Oolumbina), 
489. 
campestris (Oolumbula), 
489. 
campestris (Peristera), 
490. 
campestris (Uropeleia), 
490. 
campestris (Uropelia), 
489, 490. 
Canada Turtle, 370. 
canadensis (Oolumba), 

369. 
canadensis (Turtur), 
369. 
caniceps (Columba), 
574. 
caniceps (G-eotrygon), 
574, 581. 
caniceps (Oreopeleia), 

575. 
canifrons (Pimps), 592. 
canifrons (Phlegcenas), 
592. 
canifrons (Phlogoenas), 
592. 
cantillans (Sphenocercus), 
8. 
cantillans (Treron), 8. 
cantillans (Vinago), 8. 
capella (Oolumba)', 32. 
eapelloi (Butreron), 32. 

capellei (Columba), 32. 
capellei (Treron), 32. 
capellei (Vinago), 32. 
capensis (iEna), 502. 
capensis (Columba), 501. 
capensis (Ectopistes), 

501. 
capensis (CEna), 464, 
501. 
capensis (Peristera), 501, 
502. 
capensis (Turtur), 502. 
capicola damarensis 
(Turtur), 427. 
capicola (Streptopelia), 
425, 427. 
capicola (Turtur), 417, 

421, 424, 425, 427. _ 
capicolus (Turtur), 425. 
capistrata (Oolumba), 


218. 
caribsea (Columba), 200, 
291. 
caribasa (Janthoenas), 
291. 
caribsea (Patagioenas), 
291. 
earibbsea (Columba), 201. 
caribbea (Columba), 291. 
earibea (Columba), 291. 
caribcea (Oolumba), 291. 
carola (Carpopbaga), 
206. 
carola (Ptilocalpa), 207. 
carola (Ptilocolpa), 206. 
Caroline Pigeon, 374. 
carolinensis (Cnatnsepelia), 
375. 
carolinensis (Columba), 

374. 
carolinensis (Ectopistes), 
374. 
carolinensis (Perissura), 
375. 
carolinensis (Peristera), 
375. 
carolinensis (Trygon), 
375. 
carolinensis (Turtur), 
374, 375. 
carolinensis (Zensedura), 

375. 
carolinensis (Zenaidura), 
374,375. 
Oarpopbaga, 181, 182. 
carteretia (Macropygia), 

earunculata (Columba), 

647. 
earunculata (Gtaura), 
647. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. fl&i 

carunculata (Yerrulia), 

647. 
earunculatus (Geophilus), 

647. 
casiotis (Oolumba), 302. 
casiotis (Palurnbus), 302. 
cassini (Engyptila), 560. 
cassini (Leptoptilaj, 560, 

561. 
cassini (Peristera), 560. 

561. 
casta (Oarpophaga), 228. 
castanea (Oolumba), 380. 
castanea (Macropygia), 

363. 
castanea (Peristera), 380. 
castanea (Zenaida), 381, 

387. < 
castaneiceps (Carpopbaga), 
318. 
castaneiceps (Oolumba), 

318. 
castaneiceps (Janthcenas), 

318. 
cateretia Olacropygda), 
3fi9. 
cavorum (Oolumba), 262. 
cayanensis (Oolumba), 

dm. 

cayennensis (Oolumba), 

323. 
cayennensis (Geotrygon), 

568. ^ 
celebensis (Ptilinopus), 

144. 
celebensis (Ptilonopus), 

116. 
ceraseipectus (Pfcilopus), 

140. 
cervicalis (Otidiphaps), 

611. 
cendniventris (Leptoptila), 
561. 
ceylonensis (Turtur), 445. 
Ohsemepelia, 472. 
chalcauchenia (Oolumba), 

331. 
chalcaucbenia (Engyptila), 
555, 556. 
chalcauchenia (Leptoptila), 
554, 556. 
chalcauchia (Oolumba), 

330. 
chalcauchia (Turtursena), 

330. 
chalcauchia (Turturcena), 

331. 
chalcea (Haplopeleia), 

540. 
chaleonota (Oarpophaga), 

213. 

Ohalcopeleia, 506. 
Chalcopelia, 506. 
Chalcophaps, 510, 516. 
Ohalcophaps d'Etienne, 

520. 
chalcoptera (Oolumba), 

526. 
chalcoptera (Goura), 526. 
chalcoptera (Peristera), 

526. 
chalcoptera (Phaps), 526. 
chaleospila (Chalcopelia), 

508. 
chalcospilos (Cbaleopeleia), 
508. 
chalcospilos (Chalcopelia), 
508. 
chalcospilos (Oolumba), 

507. 
chalcospilos (Peristera), 

507. 
chalcospilos (Turtur), 
507, 508. 
chalcosfcigma (Peristera), 

481. 
chalcurus (Kurutreron), 

104. 
chalcurus (Ptilonopus), 

104. 
chalcurus (Ptilopus), 104, 

105. 
chalybea (Oarpophaga), 

187. 
chalybura (Oarpophaga), 
186,191, 201. 
Chamsepeleia, 472. 
ChamEepelia, 472. 
chathamensis (Oarpophaga), 
239. 
chathamensis (Hemiphaga), 
239. 
chathamica (Oarpophaga), 
239. 
Chehoilotl, 642. 
Oh estn ut-sb ouldered 
Pigeon, 238. 
chilensis (Zenaida), 385. 
Chinese grey Turtle, 439. 
Chinese Turtle, 403. 
chinensis (Oolumba), 432, 
439, 441. 
chinensis(Spilopelia),440. 
chinensis (Turtur), 439, 
441, 445. 
chiriquensis (Geotrygon), 
579, 581. 
Ohlamydsena, 160. 
Ohlamydoena, 160. 
Chlorsenas,242. 
chlorigaster (Orocopus), 

30. 

chlorigaster (Treron), 30. 
chlorigaster (Vinago), 30, 
chloroauchenia (Loptoptila), 
554, 555. 
Chlorcenas, 241. 
chlorogaster (Orocopus), 

30. 
chlorogastra (Treron), 30. 
chlorophcea (Oolumba), 

332. 
chloropha?a (Turturcena), 

332. 
chlorophasus (Turtur), 

332. 
chlorops (Treron), 61. 
chloroptera (Osmotreron), 
49. 
chloroptera (Treron), 49. 
Chlorotreron, 122. 
choeroboatis (Treron), 13. 
Chrysaena, 155. 
chrysauchenia (Peristera), 

385. 
Ohrysauchcena, 454. 
chrysia (Oolumba), 571. 
chrysia (Geotrygon), 571. 
chrysochlora (Chalcophaps), 
511, 512, 522. 
chrysochlora (Oolumba), 

511. 
chrysochlora (Peristera), 

512. 
Chryscenas, 155. 
chrysogaster (Kuru-• 
treron), 104, 107. 
chrysogaster (Ptilinopus), 

107. 
chrysogaster (Ptilonopus), 
107. 
chrysogaster (Ptilopus), 
103, 107, 108. 
chrysogastra (Kurutreron), 
107. 
chrysorrhoa (Jotreron), 

145. 
chrysorrhous (Ptilopus), 

144. 
Chryso treron, 155. 
cincta (Oolumba), 77. 
cincta (Leucotreron), 77. 
cinctus (Ptilonopus), 77. 
cinctus (Ptilopus), 77, 

135. 
cinctus florensis (Ptilopus), 
77. 
cinctus lettiensis (Ptilopus), 
78. 
cineracea (Oarpophaga), 
199,202. 
cineracea (Oolumba), 202. 
cineracea (Ducula), 202. 

6\34 
ALPHABEliCAL IXBhJ. 

cinerea (CkamepeliaL 

492. 
cinerea (Coiumba), 491, 
638. 
cinerea (Peristera), 401. 
cinerea (Turtur). 639, 
642. 
cinereleeps (llacropvgia), 
air. 

einereus (Turtur), 030, 

im. 

cinnamomea fColuiuba), 
^33. 
cinnamomea Guura , 
4HJL 
cinnamome't (llacrop) 
gla , ^44. 
cinnamomea Talpieotin j, 
4*<>. 
cinnamoweuui (Treron , 
^ 5;i 
cinnaiiiOMilm * CIisrLSipeklaj, 
4^1 
cinnamumina fClsiMiiapdia/, 
4f\>. 
clarionrusts (Zenaidura » 

Clementina* (Kurukuru i» 

m, 

clpmniiinm /PtUmopu*»)* 

101. 
Clementina.* (Ptiiunopu*' *» 
Clementina* (Ptilopus). 
98,101. 
Clementinas f Ptinilopus j, 

101. 
Coccyzcenas, #*5. 
Coccyzura, «*>$5. 
Coeotzin. 465, 473. 
Calotreron, 242. 
earuleus madagasfarien~ 
gis (PalumbuA), KM. 
Collared Senegal Turtle, 

42^. 
Collared Turtle, 414. 
c*>Ilarf« (Coiumba), 420. 
oollaris (Engypttla), 550. 
coilaris (Leptoptila), 559. 
mllaris f Tartar), 421). 
Colombar a Epaulettes 

•iolettes, 16, 10. 
Colombar aromatique, 51. 
Oolombar vert, 19. 
Colombe a ailes ponotaees, 
273. 
Colombo i collier 
arpre. ($06. 
mbe bleu, 164. 
Oolomb© 
de eouleur 
rousse, 602. 

Colombe de Felieie, 155. 
Colombe de Taiti, 10t», 
1U8. 
Colombe double cottier, 

271. 
Colombe Dussumier, 423. 
Colombe egyptienne,449. 
Coloaibe erythroptere a 
gorge blanche, G< )2. 
Culumb^ Fannin, 044. 
Colombe Gjadganff, 0*>7. 
Colombe bagarrero. 257. 
Coltiiiibe Jiiui.eaon. 1*417. 
Colombe jiiine, 155. 
Colombe muscauivore, 

177. 
Colombo TiMssmii, 002. 
Colombo tour^en-Iie, 4li*), 
CidHinbi-caillt*. 044. 
CwIorabieuLii deft'an Carlos, 
4H7ColoinbirulEn 
Laun»,047C< 
tlombiiv iLn pt-mtien, 

Coloutbi-Galline, 047. 
Col fMibl gal II lie a cumaiZ, 


CoInitibi-GfllUne cles Gal


I«pat^\ &HI. 
Coiombi-llrifco, 02U. 
Colunibi-perdrix a cravat e 

noire, OKI 
Culombi-Perdrix reus 

tiolet, 5**7. 
Coluxnbo, 241,243. 
Coiumba c&rulea mexi


cana, 038. 
Coiumba eapite albo, 

278. 
Coiumba 
eauda annulo 
cincta jamaicensis, 

200. 
Coiumba minor Tentre 
camikio, 557. 
Coiumba montana inexiruna,
f J40. 
Coiumba cenadi aiSnis, 
2511. 
Coiumba aylvatiea major 
niqro c&ruleseens, 573. 
Coiumba syhebtris species 
ex insula Sancti 
Thorny 17. 

Coiumba Tiridis aniboinensis, 
47. 

Coiumba •iridis insute 
Saneti Thoma*, 17. 
Coiumba viridis pbilip


pinensis, 60. 
columbella (Palumbsena), 

202. 
columbella f Palumbcena) 

202. * h 
Columbigaliina, 472. 
Columbigalius, 100. 
Columbina, 470, 472. 
Columbula, 470. 
communis (Turtur), 397. 
comorensis (Tortur) 
412. ^ 
cunt|irma (Carpophaga), 
1^0. 
concolor ^Ducula). 215. 
consobrina Carpopha<ra) 

1M|. * * * >> 

eojqnnm^l (T-irtur), 412. 
cor?i!ensk (Kurutreron), 

104. 
c jralensis (Ptilinopus). 
104, 105. 
coralensi* (Ptllopiid), 104, 
105, 107. 
corpiisis i Coiumba), 269, 

corennia (Patagiosnas), 

2^0. 
ooronnti (Coiumba lT fi20. 
eoroiiaf'i <Goiira), 0*Jj. 
coroLata (Mpgawlia), 

mi. 

coronate minor (Goura). 

621. 
eorojiata, rar. dUlbertisii 
(Goura), 023. 
coromitus (Columbus), 

621. 
coronatus (Lopbyrus), 
coronatus {Ptilophyrus), 

021. 
coronulatuB fCvanotreron
», 119, 120." 
coronulatui» (Ptilonopus), 
IIS. 
coronulatus IPfcilopus), 
i mt 120. 
coronulatus liuonensis 
(PtUopus), 120. 
correi (Ptilopus), 127. 
corriei (Chrysoena), 127. 
corriei (Ptilonopus), 127. 
corriei (Ptilopus), 127. 
Corypbo?nas» 368. 
Cosmopelia, 525. 
costaricensis(Gteotrygon), 

577. 
Coturniccenas, 644. 
Oraspedcenas, 646. 
crassirostris (Corypboanas), 
$m. 
crassirostris (Macropygia), 
36H. 

crassirostris (Phalacrotreron), 
18. 
crassirostris (Reinwardtoena), 
368. 
crassirostris (Reinwardt


cenas), 368. 
crassirostris (Treron), 18. 
crassirostris (Turaccena), 

368. 
crassirostris (Vinago), 17. 
Creogenys, 647. 
Crested Pigeon of the 
Marshes, 539. 
criniger (Pampusana), 


587. 
criniger (Phlegsenas), 
587. 
criniger (Phlegoenas), 
587,588. 
crinigera (Peristera), 587, 

589. 
crinigera (Phaps), 587. 
crinigera (Phlegoenas), 
587. 
crinigera (Phlogcenas), 
587. 
crissalis (Columba), 294. 
cristata (Columba), 573, 
639. 
cristata (Geotrygon), 
573. 
cristata (Goura), 621. 
cristata (Peristera), 573. 
cristata (Starnoenas), 574. 
Crocopus, 26. 
crossi (Macropygia), 363. 
Crossophthalmus, 242. 
Crown-bird, 620. 
cruenta (Calaanas), 585. 
cruenta (Columba), 585, 
586. 
cruenta (G-oura), 585, 
586. 
cruenta (Phaps), 586. 
cruenta (Phlegaenas), 
585. 
cruenta (Phlegoenas), 
585. 
cruenta (Phlogcenas), 
586. 
cruentata (Columba), 
585, 586. 
cruentata (Phlegoenas), 

586. 
cruentatus (Pblogoenas), 
586. 
cruziana (Chamaepeleia), 
483. 
cruziana (Chamcepelia), 
483,507. 
cruziana (Columba), 483. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

cruziana (Columbina), 

483. 
cruziana (Columbula), 
483. 
cruziana (Peristera), 483. 
Cryptophaps, 219. 
cuneata (Columba\ 462. 
cuneata (Geopelia), 462. 
cuneata (Stictopeleia), 
462. 
cuneata (Stictopelia), 
462. 
cuneatus (Turtur), 463. 
cuprea (Carpophaga), 
215. 
cuprea (Columba), 215, 
570. 
cuprea (Peristera), 570. 
cuprea (Starnoenas), 568. 
Curotreron, 83. 
curvirostra (Columba), 
34,127, 605. 
curvirostra (Treron), 34, 
37, 40,127. 
cyaneopileata (Columba), 

514. 
cyanocephala (Columba), 
514, 013. 
cyanocephala (Geotrygon), 
614. 
cyanocephala (Goura), 


613. 
cyanocephala(Lophyrus), 
613. 
cyanocephala (Perdtcopelia), 
614. 
cyanocephala (Starnsenas), 
614. 
cyanocephala (Starnoenas), 
613. 
cyanocephala (Sternoenas), 
614. 
cyanocephala (Sturncenas), 
614. 
cyanocephalus (Geophilus), 
613. 

cyanopis (Columba), 490. 

cyanopis (Oxypelia), 490. 

cyanopis (Peristera), 490. 

cyanostigma (Ohamsepe


lia), 483. 

Cyanotreron, 121. 

cyanotus (Columba), 260. 

cyanotus (Turtur), 398. 

cyanovirens (Columba), 

112,149. 
cyanovirens (Cyanotreron), 
113. 
cyanovirens (Ptilinopus), 

113. 
Cygnus cucullatus, 632. 
655 

damarensis (Streptopelia), 
427. 
damarensis (Turtur), 425, 
426,427. 
davidiana (Carpophaga), 

184. 
decipiens (Homoptila), 
556. 
decipiens (Turtur), 419, 
420. 
delalandei (Treron), 23, 
24. 
delalandei (Vinago), 24. 
delalandii (Phalacrotreron), 
24. 
delalandii (Turtur), 425. 
delegorguei (Columba), 

328. 
delegorguei (Peleioenas), 
329. 
delegorguei (Turturcena), 
328, 329. 
delegorguii (Turtur), 

328. 
delegorguii (Turtursena), 
329. 
Dendrophaps, 242. 
Dendrophassa, 38. 
Dendrotreron, 241. 
denisea (Chlorcenas), 296. 
denisea (Columba), 295, 
296. 
diademata (Columba), 
91. 
diademata (Thouarsitreron), 
91. 
diadematus (Ptilinopus), 

91. 
diadematus (Ptilopus), 
91. 
diadematus (Trygon), 91. 
Didine Bird of the Island 
of Bourbon, 636. 

Didunculus, 626. 

Didus, 632. 

dilloni (Stictcenas), 267. 

dilopha (Columba), 235. 

dilophus (Lophorhyn


chus), 235. 

Dod-eersen, 632, 635. 

Dodo, 629, 632. 

domestica (Columba), 

252, 253,255. 
domestica fera (Columba), 

254. 
domestica rupicola (Columba), 
253. 
dominicensis (Chamsepelia), 
640. 
dominicensis (Columba) 

639. 
or>o 

dominicensis (Coturnicoenas), 
(340. 
dominicensis (Peristera), 

040. 
dominiconsis (Uropeloia), 
640. 
domvilii (Osmolreron), 
57. 
domvillei (Osinotreron), 
57. 
domvillei (Treron), 57. 
doreya (Macropygia), 
355, 357, 359. 

dorsalia (Oolumba), 285. 

douraca (Turiur), 430. 

douraea torquatus (Tur


tur),432. 

Dove from China, 458. 

Drepanoptera, 158. 

Drepanoptila, 158. 

Dronte, 629, 632. 

dubia (Oolumba), 255. 

dubusi (Leptoptila), 552. 

Ducula, 214. 

dufresnii (Oolumba), 410. 

du petitbouarsii (Oo


lumba), 89. 
dupetit-thouarsi (Kurukuru), 
90, 106. 
dupetit-thouarsi (Ptilinopus), 
90. 
dupetit-thouarsi (Ptilopus), 
89. 
dupetit-thouarsi (Terenotreronj, 
90. 
dupetitthouarsii (Thouarsitrerou), 
90. 
dussumieri (Oolumba), 

423. 
dussumieri (Peristera), 
423. 
dussumieri(Streptopelia), 
423. 
dussumieri (Turtur), 423. 
Eetopistes, 369. 

Egyptian Pigeon, 449. 
eimeensis (Caloenas), 

606. 
eimeensis (Oolumba), 
606. 
eimensis (Treron), 606. 
elegans (Oolumba), 254, 
527. 
elegans (Cosmopelia), 
elegans (Goura), 528. 
elegans (Peristera), 528. 
elegans (Phaps), 527. 
elphinstonei (Oolumba), 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

elphinstonei (Palumbus), 

304. 
elphmstoni(Oarpophaga), 
304. 
elphinstonii (Oolumba), 
305. 
elphinstonii (Dendrotreron), 
304. 
elphinstonii (Lepidcenas), 

304. 
elphinstonii (Palumbus), 
303. 
elphinstonii (Pfcilinopus), 
304. 
emilise (Ptilinopus), 90. 
emiliana (Macropygia), 
347, 348. 
Engyptila, 543. 
ermanni (Turtur), 452, 

453. 
Erythrama, 160. 
Erythrauchsena, 454. 
erythrauchen (Oolumba), 
455. 
Erythrauckoena, 454. 
ery thriiia (Oolumba), 
285. 
erythrocephalus (Ptilinopus), 
75. 
erythrocephalus(Turtur), 

405. 
Erythrcena, 160. 
erythrogastra (Haplopeleia), 
538. 
erythrogastra (Serico


phila), 538. 
Erythrolaema, 160. 
erythronura (Oolumba), 

164. 
erythropareia (G-eotrygon), 
578. 
erythropareia (Peristera), 

578. 
erythrophrys (Streptopelia), 
417, 420. 
erythrophrys (Turtur), 
416, 419. 
erythroptera 
(Oaloenas), 
600, 601, 602, 603, 

605. 
erythroptera 
(Oolumba), 
600, 601, 602, 603, 

605. 
erythroptera (Leptoptila), 
601,604. 
erythroptera (Pampusana), 
595,600, 602. 
erythroptera (Peristera), 
595, 600,601, 603,604. 
erythroptera 
(Phaps), 
600, 603. 

erythroptera (Phlegaenas), 
599, 600, 601, 
604, 605, 606. 

erythroptera (Phlogcenas), 
600, 603, 606. 
erythroptera (Tympan


istria), 600. 
erythrothorax (Chamsepelia), 
469. 
erythrothorax (Oolumba}, 
4(38, 539. 
erythrothorax (Columbia), 
468. 
ervthrothorax (Columbula), 
4(38. 
erythrothorax (Groura), 

539. 
erythrothorax (Grmnopelia), 
468, 469." 
erythrothorax (Leptoptila), 
539, 553. 
erythrothorax (Metriopelia), 
469. 
erythrothorax (Peribtera), 
539, 554. 
Erythrotreron, 160. 
etiennei (Carpophaga 1, 


521. 
etorques (Spkenoeercus), 
11. 
eugenise (Iotreron), 153. 
eugenise (Ptilonopus), 
154. 
eugenic (Ptilopus), 153. 
euryeerca (Macropygia), 
346. 
Eutreron, 116. 
Eutrygon, 609. 
everetti (Carpophaga), 
201. 
evermanni (Oolumba), 
264. 
eversmanni (Ooelotreron), 
264. 
eversmanni (Oolumba), 
264. 
eversmanni (Palumbsena) 
264. 
eversmanni (Paluinboena), 
264. 
ewingi (Ptilonopusl, 96. 
ewingi (Ptilopus), 96, 98. 
excelsa (Oolumba), 300. 
excelsus (Palumbus), 300. 
IFaisan couronne des 

Indes, 620. 
fallax (Chlorcenas), 274. 
fallax (Turtur), 430. 
fasciata (Chloroenas), 

292. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

fasciata (Columba), 291, 

294. 
fasciata (Peristera), 292. 
fasciata (Tsenioenas), 292. 
fasciata viose£e(Columba), 
293. 
faseiatus (Ptilinopus), 
85, 99, 101. 
faseiatus (Ptilonopus), 
93, 98. 
faseiatus (Ptilopus), 93, 
98, 101. 
felicia (Columba), 155. 
felieice (Omeotreron), 

155. 
felicice (Ptilonopus), 155. 
ferrago (Columba), 401. 
ferrago (Turtur), 401. 
ferruginea (Calcenas), 
605. 
ferruginea (Columba), 
52, 363, 605. 
ferruginea (Lophophaps), 

534. 
ferruginea (Phaps), 534. 
ferruginea (PMegcenas), 
605, 606. 
ferruginea (Phlogcenas), 

605. 
Ferruginous-vented 
Pigeon, 173. 
finschi (Carpophaga), 

211. 
fischeri (Ptilinopus), 74. 
fischeri (Ptilopus), 74. 
fiseheri meridionalis 
(Leucotreron), 74. 
fitzroyii (Columba), 296. 
flava (Callcenas), 155. 
flava (Columba), 155. 
flavicoUis (Ptilonopus), 

97. 
flavicollis (Ptilopus), 97. 
flavigaster (Columba), 
91. 
flavigaster (Ptilopus), 120. 
flavipectus (Ptilonopus), 
97. 
flavipes (Columba), 490. 
flavirostris (Chlorcenas), 
273, 285. 
flavirostris (Columba), 

285. 
fiavogularis (Osmotreron), 
52. 
flavogularis (Treron), 51. 
flavovirescens (Ptilopus), 

91. 
floris (Osmotreron), 56. 
formosa (Carpophaga), 
166. 
YOL. XXI. 
formosa (Lamprotreron), 

116. 
formosa (Megaloprepia), 
166. 
formosa (Phaps), 516. 
formosa? (Sphenocercus), 
formosas (Treron), 13,14. 
formo&ana (Chalco


phapsj, 516. 
formosana (Treron), 13. 
formosus (Ptilonopus), 

116. 
formosus (Ptilopus), 116. 
formosus (Lamprotreron), 
116. 
forsteni (Carpophaga), 
208. 
forsteni (Hemiphaga), 
208. 
forsteni (Zonoenas), 208. 
forsteri (Carpophaga), 
172, 173, 181, 208, 
"""209. 
forsteri (Columba), 100, 

173, 208. 
forsteri (G-lobicera), 173, 

181. 
forsteri (Hemiphaga), 
208. 
forsteri (Ptilinopus), 101. 
forsteri (Serresius), 172, 
173, 181. 
forsteri (Zonoenas), 208. 
Founingo, 19, 164. 
fowat (Columba), 459. 
francise (Alectrcenas), 

164. 
francise (Columba), 163. 
francias (Columbigallus), 
164. 
fraseri (Tympanistria), 
505. 
frauenfeldi(Carpophaga), 
175. 
frauenfeldi (Hemiphaga), 
175. 
frenata (Columba), 578. 
frenata (Geotrygon), 577, 
578, 581. 
frenata (Oreopeleia), 579. 
frenata (Peristera), 578, 

581. 
frenata (Starnoenas), 578. 
frenata (Sturncenas), 578. 
frontalis (Columba), 551. 
frontalis (Peristera), 553, 
554. 
Fruit Pigeon from Mcobars, 
308. 
fulvicollis (Columba), 52. 

fulvicollis (Osmotreron), 
52, 605. 
fulvicollis (Treron), 53, 
54, 605. 
fulvicollis baramensis 
(Treron), 54. 
fulviventris (Engyptila), 

fulviventris (Leptoptila), 

546. 
Funingus, 160. 
furcatus (Ptilinopus), 
106. 
Furningus, 160. 
fusca (Columba), 264, 
374, 640. 
fusca brachyura (Columba), 
264. 

gaimardi (Streptopelia), 

423. 
gaimardi (Turtur), 423. 
galapagensis (Columba), 
391. 
galapagensis (Zenaida),. 
391. 
galapagoensis (Columbisgallina), 
391. 
galapagoensis(Nesopelia),. 

390. 
galapagoensis (Zenaida),, 
390. 
galeata (Carpophaga), 
172. 
galeatus (Serresius), 17L 
gallinacea (Progura), 
619. 
G-allinaceus Gallus peregrinus, 
632. 
gallopagoensis (Chamsepelia), 
391. 
gallopagoensis (Columba), 
391. 
gallopagoensis (Nesopelia), 
391. 
gallopagoensis/Peristera), 

391. 
gallus (Columba), 615. 
galopagoensis(Geophaps), 
391. 
Garnet- winged Pigeon, 
600. 
Garnet-winged 
Pigeon, 
var. from Otaheite, 

601. 
Garnet-winged Pigeon, 
var. from Tanna, 609. 
gaumeri (Engyptila), 

557. 
gaumeri (Leptoptila), 
557. 
2u 
($58 

geolvinkiana (Oarpo


phaga), 188. 
goelyinkianus (Ptilopus), 

152, ina. 

golaslus (Oolumba), 402. 

golastoB (Turtur), 402, 

40 L 

golmtin (Columba), 404. 

geiastis (Pcrislera), 405. 

golastis (Turtur), 404. 

gcminus (Ptilonopus), 

12J. 

gominus (PHlopus), 120. 

geoffn >yi (Chaniispelia), 

41)4. 
geoflroyi (Oolumba), 494. 
geoflroyi (Leptoptila), 

404. 
geoflroyi (Pcrislera), 494. 
Geopeleia, 454. 
Geopelia, 454. 
Geophaps, 531. 
Geophilus, 614. 
Oeotrygon, 564, 508, 
573. 
gestroi (Ptilonopus), 131. 
gobtroi (Ptilopus), 131. 
geversi (Ptilopus), 79. 
gigantea (Oolumba), 33. 
gigantea (Vinago), 32. 
gigaa (Oolumba), 238. 
gironiori (Leucotreron), 
79. 
gironiori (Ptilopus), 80. 
gironiori (Trcrolaema), 
80. 
glauoonotus (Oolumba), 
254. 
glauoonotus (Turtur), 
398. 
Globicera, 172. 
globicera (Carpophaga), 
173,177. 
globicera (Columba), 172, 
173,177. 
globifer (CEdirhinus), 

126. 
globifer (Ptilopus), 126. 
Gnathodon, 626. 
go(lefrida(Oolumba), 494. 
gouina (OhamsBpeleia), 
486. 
godina(Ohamajpelia),486. 
godina (Talpacotia), 486. 
flodina (Talpacotia;, 486. 
Golden-winged Pigeon, 
526. 
goidiei (Macropygia), 
358. 
guliaHi 
(Oarpophaga), 
228 

AXPHABDTIOAL INDEX. 

ffoliath (Phsenorhina), 

226. 
gouldisB (Calasnas), 616.^ 
gouldise (Calcenas), 155, 
616. 
gouldise (Oolumba), 615. 
gouldii (Calosnas), 616. 
Gaura, 619. 
Goura d© la Nouvelle 
Guinee, 626. 
gracilis (Oolumba), 483* 
gracilis (Oolumbina), 

483. 
gracilis (Metriopeleia), 
4S& 
granatina (Ohama?pelia), 
475,482. 
granatina (Pyrgitaenas), 

475. 
Grande Tourterelle de la 
Ohine, 642. 
granti (Phlogcenas), 594. 
grayi (Ptilonopus), 85. 
gi'ayi (Ptilopus), 85. 
graysoni (Zenaidura), 

378. 
Great Orowned Indian 
Pigeon, 620. 
Great Fowl, 635. 
Great-tailed Turtle, 335. 
Green Turtle, 151. 
Green-winged Dove, 514. 
gregaria (Trygon), 370. 
Grey Pigeon, 269. 
greyi (Ptilonopus), 85. 
greyi (Ptilopus), 85. 
Grey-necked Pigeon, 

462. 
grisea (Oarpophaga), 
248. 
grisea (Oolumba), 248, 
481. 
grisea (Myristicivora), 
248. 
griseicapilla (Oarpophaga), 
217. 
griseicapilla (Ducula). 

217. 
griseicapilla (Treron), 61. 
griseicauda(Osinotreron,L 
40,42. 
griseicauda (Treron), 41, 
42,43. 
griseigularis (Oarpophaga), 
313. 
griseigularis (Columba), 
olo. 
griseinucha (Macropygia), 
355, 356, 357. 
griseipectus (Carpophaga), 
205, 206. 

griseipectus (Ptiloealpa), 

206. 
griseipectus (Ptilocolpa), 
206. 
griseocapillata (Columba), 
514 
griseogularis (Xanthomas), 
313. 
griseola (Gharnsepelia|? 

481. 
griseola (Oolumbigallina), 
482. 
griseola (Columbina),481. 
griseola (Goura). 482. 
griseola (Peristera), 482, 
griseola (Pyrgitenas)* 

482. 
griseopectus (Carpophaga), 
208, 207. 
Ground Dove, 473. 
guayaquilensis (Colum


ba), 295. 
guinea (Alsocomus), 267* 
guinea (Stictcenas), 21)7* 

208. 
guinea (Columba), 2H0, 
268. 
guinea trigonigera (Columba), 
209. 
guineas (Columba), 2IB. 
guineensis (Columba), 

260, 267,268. 
guineensis (Stictcenas), 

267. 
guineus (Paluinbus), 267* 
gularis (Oarpophaga), 
78, 210. 
gularis (Columba), 78* 

645. 
gularis (Laryngogramma), 
79. 

gularis (Leueotreron), 78. 
gularis (Ptilinopus), 78. 
gularis (Ptilopus). 78. 
gularis (Trerolsema), 79* 
gumri (Columba)* 417. 
gymnocyclus (Oolumba), 

257. 
Gymnopelta, 488. 
Gymnophaps, 240. 
gymnophthalma (Columba), 
269, 270, 271. 
gymuophthalmos (Co


lumba), 269, 271, 278. 
gymnophthalmos (Pica


zuros), 270. 
gyrnnophthalmus (Co


lumba), 269. 

gyrnnophthalmus 
(Crossophthalmus), 
270, 
271, 272. 

gyninopbtbalmus (Palumbus). 
273. 
gymnopkthalmus (Picazunzs\ 
209. 
grnmops (Chamsepelia), 
46S. 

habesshuca (Treron), 16. 
Hackled Pigeon, 163. 
kalmackeira (Janth


cenas), 314. 
kalmaheira (Carpopbagal 
314. 
lialmaheira (Jantbcenas), 
314 
balmakerse (Carpopkaga }T 

314. 
Haptenas, 333. 
Haplopeleia, 537. 
Haplopelia, 537. 
hardwickii (Columba), 
20. 
heinpken (Trocaza), 298. 
kelviventris (Ohalcopbaps), 
589. 
kelviventris (Phlogcenas), 
590. 
lielviventris (Ptilopus), 


590. 
Heraipbaga, 236. 
Henicophaps, 524. 
berberti (Didus), 629. 
kerberti (Pezopbaps), 
629. 
lieraskeimi (Ptilopus), 
94. 
kistrio (Oolumba), 370. 
kistrionica (Oolumba), 
529. 
kistrionica (Goura), 529. 
liistrionica (Histriophaps), 
529. 
kistrionica (Peristera), 

529. 
kistrionica (Pbaps), 529. 
Histriophaps, 529. 
kodgsoni (Columba), 
274. 
kodgsoni (Dendrotreron), 
274. 
kodgsonii (Alsocomus), 
274. 
kodgsonii (Stictoenas), 
279. 
koeclti (Peristera), 592. 
hoedti (Pklogoenas), 
592. 
hoedtii (Leptoptila), 
592. 
Hoilotl, 640, 643. 
koilotl (Columba), 640. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

bolosericea (Calyptomensenas), 
159. 
bolosericea (Calyptomcenas), 
159. 
bolosericea (Columba) 

158. m ' 
bolosericea (Drepanoptera), 
159. 
bolosericea (Drepanoptila), 
158. 
bolosericea (Lamprotreron), 
159. 
bolosericeus (Ptilonopus), 

159. 
bolosericeus (Ptilopus), 
159. ^ J 
bolosericeus (Tryffon), 
159. 
bombroni (Chalcopkaps), 
bombroni (Pbaps), 521. 
Homopelia. 409. 
Homoptila, 543. * 
Hooded Dodo, 634. 
Hook-billed Pigeon, 34, 

127. 
hortulana (Cbamaspelia), 
479. 
bottentota (CbamaepeHa), 
645. 
bottentota (Coturnicoenas), 
644. 
bottentota (Goura), 645. 
kottentotta (Columba), 

645. 
kugonianus (Ptilopus), 
80. 
kumeralis (Ckrysauckcena), 
455. 
bumeralis (Columba), 16, 
19,455. 
bumeralis (Geopeleia), 

455. 
bumeralis (Geopelia), 
16,455. 
kumeralis (Erytbraucksena), 
455. 
bumeralis (Erythrauchoena), 
455. 
kumeralis jobiensis 
(Ptilopus), 124, 126. 
bumeralis (Peristera), 

455. 
bumeralis (Ptilonopus), 
123. 
bumeralis (Ptilopus), 
123,124. 
bumeralis (Bampkiculus), 
123. 
bumeralis (Tortus), 455. 
humilior (Turfcur), 435. 

bumilis (Columba), 424, 

434,437. 
bumilis (Geopelia), 455. 
bumilis (Peristera), 434. 
bumilis senescens (Strep


topelia), 437. 
bumilis (Streptopelia), 
435,437. 
bumilis (Turfcur), 434, 

437. 
liuonensis (Ptilopus), 120. 
button! (Ptilonopus), 
111. 
kuttoni (Ptilopus), 111. 
bybridus (Turtur), 398. 
byogastra (Carpopkaga), 
148. 
byogastra (Columba), 148. 
byogastra (Jotreron), 
148. 
bypoenocbroa (Carpopbaga), 
319. 
kypasnockroa (Iantkoenae), 
315. 
bypoenocbroa (Carpo* 
pbaga), 315. 
bypoenocbroa (Columba),, 

315. 
bypoenocbroa (Jantbcenas), 
315, 317. 
bypogaster (Ptilonopus), 

148. 
bypogastra (Columba), 
148. 
bypoinocbroa (Carpopbaga), 
315. 
bypoinocbroa (Jantbcenas), 
315. 
bypoleuca (CbaniEepelia), 

386. 
bypoleuca (Zenaida), 

385. 
imbricata (Oolumba), 
m 280. 
imbricata (Patagioenas), 

281. 
inca (Ckamsepelia), 465. 
inca (Geopelia), 46G. 
inca (Micropelia), 406. 
inca (Scardafella), 465. 
incerta (Turturoena), 
330. 
incognita (Leucotreron), 
73. 
incognita (Ptilopus), 73. 
incognita (Xenotreron), 
73. 
Indian Pigeon, 637. 
indica (Ckalcopkape), 
512, 513, 514, 515. 
2u2 


indica (Oolumba), 142, 
392, 514. 
indica (Pliapa), 516. 
indicus (Chalcophaps), 

515. 
indicus (Lophyrus), 621. 
indicus strialus (Turtur), 

458. 
ineptus (Diclus), 630, 
632, 636. 
infuscata (Chlorcenas), 

325. 
infuscata (Oolumba), 324, 

640. 
infuscata (Macropygia), 

324. 
infuscata (Zenaida), 497. 
inornata (Oarpophaga), 

284. 
inornata (Chamsepelia), 

442. 
inornata (Chlorcenas), 


284. 
inornata (Oolumba), 284. 
inornata (Columbina), 

441. 
inornata (Haplopelia), 

541. 
inornata (Melopelia), 

441. 
inornata (Metriopeleia), 

441. 
inornata (Metriopelia), 

441. 
inornata (Peristera), 441. 
inscripta (Oolumba), 531. 
insignia (Oarpophaga), 
215, 216. 
insignis (Ducula), 216. 
insignia (Ehinopus), 216. 
insolita (Drepanoptila;, 

insolitus (iEdirhinus), 

126. 
insolitus (GEdirhinus), 

126. 
insolitus (Ptilopus), 126. 
insularis (Oarpophaga), 

185. 
insularis (Otidiphaps), 

612. 
intercedens (Peristera), 

431. 
intercedens (Streptopelia), 
431. 
intercedens (Turuir). 

431. 
intermedia (Oolumba), 
269, 264. 
iogaster (Jotreron), 148. 
iogaster (Ptilopus), 148. 

ALPHABETICAL 1JX3EX. 

iogastra (Oolumba), 148. 
ionogahter (Ptilinopus), 

148. 
ionogaster (Ptilopus), 

148. 
Tonotreron, 146. 
ion oz onus (Ptilinopus), 

124. 
ionozonus (Ptilopus), 


125. 
Iotreron, 146. 
iozona (Jotreron), 124. 
iozonus (Ptilonopus), 

124. 
iozonus (Ptilopus), 124. 
iozonus (Earuphiculus), 

124. 
iriditorques (Oolumba), 
330, 332. 
iriditorques (Trizusa), 

331. 
iriditorques (Turturoena), 
330 332 
iris (Oolumba), 309. 
isabellinus (Turtur), 40O. 

amaicensis (Oolumba), 
551, 554, 557. 
amaicensis (JBngyptila), 
557, 558. 
latnaicensis (O-oura), 557. 
amaicensis (Leptoptila), 
549, 557, 558. _ 
amaicensis (Peristera), 
545, 548,549,551, 554, 

558. 

jamaicensis (Turtur), 

613. 
jamboo (Oolumba), 81. 
Jamboo-Pigeon, 80. 
jambos (Oolumba), 81. 
Jambotreron, 71. 
jambu (Oolumba), 80. 
jambu (Pbassa), 81. 
jambu (Ptilinopus), 81. 
jambu (Ptilopus), 80. 
jambu (Eamphieulus), 

81. 
jambu (Ehampbiculus), 

81. 
jamiesoni (Oolumba), 

607. 
Janthaenas, 242. 
janthina (Oarpophaga), 
309, 310, 311. 
janthina (Oolumba), 310, 

311. 
janthina (Janthoenas), 
309, 310. 
janthina (Muscadivora), 

310. 

janthina (Turtur), 310. 
Janthcenas, 241. 
javanensis, (Chalcophaps), 
516. 
javaneiasis (Oolumba), 


514. 
javaniea (Chalcophaps), 
515, 516. 
javaniea (Oolumba), 511, 

514. 
javaniea (Goura), 516. 
javaniea (Phaps), 516. 
javaniea (Treron), 41. 
javanieoid.es (Oolumba), 


512. 
javanus (Chalcophaps), 

516. 
jerdoni (Treron), 30. 
jerdoni (Yinago), 30. 
Jessie® (;Zenaida), 389. 
jobiensis (Chalcophaps), 

598. 
jobiensis (Phlegcenas), 

597. 
jobiensis (Phlogcenas), 


jobiensis (Ptilonopus), 

124. 
jobiensis (Ptilopus)„ 124. 
johannse (Oolumba), 328. 
johaim® (Phlogcenas), 

594. 
johannia (Ptilopus), 140. 
johnstorai (Haplopelia), 

541. 
jonogaster (Treron), 148. 
Jotreron, 146. 
jouyi (Oarpophaga), 310. 
jouyi (Oolumba), 310. 
jouyi (Janthoenas), 310. 
jozonus (Ptilopus), 124. 
jubata (Oolumba), 163. 

keiensis (Macropygia), 
842,352. F * ' 
keyensis (Macropygia), 

353. 
kitlitzii (Oolumba), 309. 
kittlitzii (Oarpophaga), 

309. 
kittlitzii (Janthsenas), 

309. 
kittlitzii (Janthoenas), 

309. 
Knathodon, 626. 
Kokuh, 606. 
korthalsi (Oolumba), 11. 
korthalsi (Sphenocercus), 

korthalsi (Treron), 11. 
korthalsi (Vinago;,ll. 

Kranocera, 125. 
kubaryi (Phlogoenas), 

b ;

599.
Kurukuru, 83 , 96, 108. 
kurukuru (Oolumba), 
100, 105. 
Kurukuru des Mariannes, 

109. 
Kurukuru purpuro-leucocephalis 
(Columba), 

Kurukuru 
superba (Columba), 
87. 
kurukuru, var. taitensis 
(Columba), 105. 
Kurutreron, 83 . 

lacernulata (Carpophaga), 
215. 
lacernulata (Columba), 

215. 
lacernulata (Ducula), 

215. 
lamprauchen (Columba), 

291. 
lampraucben (Patagicenas), 
291. 
Lamprotreron, 112. 
Land Fowl, 620. 
lansbergii (Peristera), 

495. 
Large deep-blue Pigeon, 

647. 
larvata (Aplopelia), 538. 
larvata (Columba), 538, 

539. 
larvata (Haplopeleia), 

538. 
larvata (Haplopelia), 

538. 
larvata (Leptoiitila), 538. 
larvata (Peristera), 538. 
larvatus (Turtur), 538. 
Laryngogranima, 71. 
latrans (Carpophaga), 

202. 
latrans (Ducula), 203. 
laurivora (Oolumba), 
297, 298. 
laurivora (Trocaza), 297, 

298. 
laurivorus (Palumbus), 

297. 
lawrencei (Greotrygon), 

576. 
lawrencii (G-eotrygon), 

576. 
lawsonii (Oolumba), 527. 
layardi (Ptilopus), 158. 
leclancheri (Carpophaga), 
79. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

leclancheri (Leucotreron), 
80. 
leclancheri (Ptilonopus), 

79. 
leclancheri (Ptilopus), 79. 
leclancheri .(Trerol&ma), 

79. 
leoninus (Turtur), 400. 
leopoldi (Carpophaga), 

317. 
leopoldi (Columba), 317. 
leopoldi (Ianthcenas),317. 
lepicla (Carpophaga), 

179. 
Lepidsenas, 242. 
Lepidcenas, 241. 
leptogrammica (Oolumba), 
341. 
leptogrammica (Coccyzura), 
338,3*1. 
leptogrammica (Macropygia), 
338, 340, 341. 
leptogrammicus (Turtur), 

341. 
Leptopelia, 472. 
Leptoptila, 543, 549,560, 

561. 
Lesser Crowned Pigeon, 

539. 
lettiensis (Ptilopus), 78. 
leucocephala (Columba), 

278. 
leucocephala (Patagioenas), 
278. 
leucocephala (Patagcenas), 
279. 
leucocephala (Thouarsitreron), 
90. 
leucocephalus (Patagioanas), 
279. 
leucocephalus (Ptilonopus), 
90. 
leueogaster (Columba), 
237, 238. 
leueogaster (Lophophaps), 
535. 
leueogaster (Phaps), 535. 
leueogaster (Ptilonopus), 

113. 
leucoherna (Carpophaga), 

314. 
leucokcma (Janthcenas), 

314. 
leucomjena (Columba), 

249. 
leucomela (Carpophaga), 

320. 
leucomela (Columba), 
249, 329. 
Leucomelaena, 242. 
Leucomelaina, 242. 

leucomelana (Oolumba), 


320.
leucomelana (Muscaclivora), 
320. 
leucoruelas (Alsocomus), 

320. 
Leucomeloena, 242. 
leuconota (Oolumba), 

249. 
leucopareia (Eutrygon), 

610. 
leucophrys (Columba), 

600. 
leucophrys (Phlegcenas), 

601. 
leuooptera (Ohamaspelia), 

393. 
leuooptera (Columba), 
271, 380, 392, 395. 
leuooptera (Melopeleia), 

393. 
leucoptera (Melopelia), 
392L 
leucoptera (Zenaida), 

392. 
leucopterus (Turtur), 392. 
Leucosarcia, 607. 
leucosoma (Janthoenas), 

314. 
Leucotoenia, 242. 
leucotis (Ohloroenas), 67. 
leucotis (Oolumba), 67. 
leucotis (Goura), 67. 
leucotis (Phabotreron), 

67. 
leucotis (Phapiscus), 67. 
leucotis (Phapitreron), 
67, 68. 
leucotis (Pbaps), 67, 69. 
leucotis (Ptilonopus), 67. 
Leucotreron, 71. 
leucozonura (Oolumba), 

251. 
levaillanti (Oolumba), 
416, 517. 
levaillanti (Turtur), 417. 
lewisii (Ptilopus), 153. 
linearis (Columba)> 580. 
linearis (Oolnmbigallina), 

580. 
linearis (G-eotrygon), 580, 

581. 
linearis (Oreopeleia), 580. 
linearis (Peristera), 580. 
linearis (Starnoenas), 580. 
luieata (Geopelia), 459. 
Lithoenas, 241. 
littoralis (Carpophaga), 

229. 
littoralis (Columba), 

228. 

ALPHABETICAL IXDEX. 

littoralis (MyristlciTora), 

228. 
livia (Columba), 251,252, 
253,257, 259, 262. 
livia (Iithcenas), 254. 
liyia cyanotus (Columba J, 

260. 
liyia doroestica(Culumba), 
255. 
livia fera (Columba), 255. 
livia negiecta (Columba , 
255. 
livia (Palumbu»), 255. 
livia rustiea I Columba I, 
255. 
livia schimperitColumba )t 
257,258. 
livia, var. rupicola dauriea 
(Columba), 251. 
locutrix (Chloro?na*j. 

325. 
locutrix (Columba), 324. 
locutrix (JantLiFiiUH,, 
324. 
locutrix fPtri^tera . 324. 
iougirostrU (Cliakophapn 
511. 
Long-tailed BOVP, #74. 
LophoUemus, 235. 
Lopholaimus, 2*15. 
Lophophaps, 533. 
Lophcrh\n<»hu*, 235. 
lophotes (Columba , 535. 
loplioieb (Ocj phaps), 

535. 
lopboterf (Phaps), 536. 
lophotes (Turtur), 535. 
Xopbjrus, 619. 
loricata (Columba), 269, 
271. 
loricata (Lepidcenas), 
270, 271, 274. # 
loricata (Patagicexias), 
270,271. 
luctuosa (Carpophaga), 
229,231/232,233.234. 
luetuosa (Columba), 

233. 
luetuosa (Myristierrora), 
229, 231, 233, 234. 
lugens (Columba), 408. 
lugens (Peristera), 408. 
lugens (Streptopelia), 

408. 
lugens (Turtur), 408. 
lugubrk (Peristeria), 307. 
lunigera (Columba), 328. 
lunulata (Columba), 499. 
lusitanus (Turtur), 646. 
luteovirens (Catenas), 
155. 
luteoTirens (Columba), 

155. 
luteovireng (Chv\ ssena t, 
luteovirens (Chn .-cenas). 

155. 157, 158. 
luteoviren*. (Ptllonopus), 
150. 
luteovirens (Ptilopu? . 

lutpnvirens (Ptinilopu-, 

155. 
Luzonian Turtle. 03b. 
luzonica Catenas , 555. 
luzoTiica Caltcna-j, 5N0. 
luzonica i Columba t. ~}^J. 
luzonica PhleguenaO, 
5S5. 
luzonica t Phh tguna-», 
5d5. 
luzoniexiois (Janthcenas f, 

nu. 

IuzoinViiMS Turtur), 0JS. 
ttiacfi»"arieni!< (Maeropj 
tria). 343. 
imieenmn (Culunibi I, 
335, 
maekinl \\ i I Mucrt >pygia), 
30L 
macquarie (Coluaiba». 
3r»L\ 
macrtkiactvla • Peristera), 

553. 
macrodact y 1 us ( Pe risteraf, 
553, 
macronotus (Ptilonopus), 

8. 
Maeropygia, 335. 
macrorh\ ncha (Treron), 
18. 
maeroura (Columba), 
335, 374. 
macroura (Macropygia), 

335. 
macroura (Zenaidura), 
375. 
m&cwlafca (Cbamsepelia), 
386. 
maeulata (Columba), 
271, 384, 041. 
maeulata (Peristera), 386. 
maeulata (Zenaida), 385. 
maculatus (Ptilinopus), 

641. 
maculatus (Ptilonopus), 
641. 
maculicollis (Columba), 
449, 452. 
maeulipennis (Columba), 

273. 
maculosa f Columba) 271 

272.273. 
maculosa (Patagicenas), 
273. 
maculosa (PatagcBnas\ 
271. 
maculosa (Picazuros). 
273. 
iLaculosua (CrossophtbalrniN 
. 275. 
Madagascar Pigeon, 19, 
104 
maria era searimsis (Aleetrauas), 
104. 
mada&iscarien*!? ^Alect 
iranas/, 105. 
madagascarienais (Carpophiga 
, 104. 
madajascarieiisis (Colrmlba 
, UK 104. 
nvnl st^aw lricii^is (Ftiiiin.ir.
h", 105. 
xuadu^'i ^rarit'iisis (Furningm)* 
105, 
nridttid^c triVhaia (Ptiio-
KOfMHf, 10L 
inada^isniM^riftls (Ptilopus), 
105. 
mat**rtronais (Macropj gia), 
*i55. 
magna I Maeropi gia), 

342. 
magnifica (Carpopbaga), 
l«i7, 170. 
maerniflca (Columba), 

107. 
magni fica (Megaloprepia), 
107. 
magnificus (Ptilinopus), 

107. 
magnificus (Ptilonopus), 
107. 
magnificus (Ptilopus), 
107. 
magnificus (Treron), 32. 
Malabar Turtle, 641. 
malabarica (Columba), 
641. 
malabarica (Osmotreron), 
43, 45, 51. 
malaoariea (Treron), 43, 
45, 51. 
malabarica (Tinago), 45. 
Malacca Turtle, 458. 
malaccensis (Columba), 

458. 
malaccensis (Geopelia), 
459. 
malaccensis (Peristera), 
459. 
malaccensis (Turtur),459. 
malherbei (Turturoena), 

331. 
malherbii (Columba), 
331. 
malherbii (Peleccenas), 
332. 
mallierbii (Peleioenas), 
332. 
malherbii (Turtur£ena), 
330, 332. 
manadensis (Haplcenas), 

334. 
manadensis (Turtur), 
334. 
marcliei (Ptilopus), 75. 
marchei (Khamphiculus), 
75. 
margarethge (Phlegoenas) 
598. ^ 
margaritas (Chaleophaps), 
597. 
margaritse (Phlogoenas) 

597. 
marginalis (Ptilinopus) 
120. 
marginata (Columba), 
374. 
marginata (Ectopistes), 
375. 
Marginated Turtle, 374. 
marginatus (Ectopistes), 
374. 
marginella (Zenaidura), 
375. 
marginellus (Ectopistes), 
374. 
maris© (Ohalcopbaps), 
516. 
marine (Ptilopus), 87. 
marise (Ptinilopus), 87. 
martinica (Columba), 
380, 567, 570. 
martinica (Geotrygon), 
570,571. 
martinica (Goura), 570, 

571. 
martinica (Oreopeleia), 
571. 
martinica (Oropelia), 
571. # 
martinica (Peristera), 
570. 
Martinica Pigeon, 570. 
martinicana (Charnsepelia), 
381. 
martinicana (Columba), 
380, 567. 
martinicana (Oreopelia), 

570. 
martinicana (Zenaida), 
380. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

massica (Treron), 37. 
maugei (Columba), 461. 
maugei (Geopeleia), 

461. 
maugei (Geopelia), 461. 
maugei (Tomopeleia), 
461. 
maugei (Turtur), 461. 
maugeus (Columbus), 
461. 
maugeus (Geopelia), 461. 
maxima (Peristeria), 397. 
inayeri (Columba), 327. 
mayeri (Nescenas), 327. 
ruayeri (Peristera), 327. 
meena (Columba), 401, 
404. 
meena (Turtur), 402, 
404. 
Megaloprepia, 166. 
megalura (Leptoptila), 
555,556. 
Megapelia, 619. 
melanauchen (Jotreron), 

142, 144. 
melanauchen (Ptilopus), 

142. 
melancholica (Columba), 
496. 
melancholica (Geotrygon), 
496. 
melancholica (Leptoptila), 
496. 
melancholica (Oreopeleia), 
496. 
melancholica (Peristera), 

496. 
melancholica (Starnoenas), 
496. 
melanocephala (Columba), 
142. 
melanocephala (Ionotreron), 
142. 
melanocephala (Jotreron), 
142, 144, 145. 
melanocephalus (Ptilonopus), 
142, 144. 
melanocephalus 
(Ptilopus), 
142, 143, 144, 

145. 
melanocephalus, 
var. 
celebensis (Ptilinopus), 

144. 
melanochroa (Carpophaga), 
225. 
melanoleuca (Columba), 

607. 
melanoptera (Chamoepelia), 
498. 
melanoptera 
(Columba), 
289, 497. 

melanoptera (Melopelia), 

498. 
melanoptera (Metriopeleia), 
498. 
melanoptera (Metriopelia), 
497. 
melanoptera (Peristera), 

498. 
melanospila (Jotreron), 
144. 
melanospilus (Ptilopus), 
144. 
melanura (Carpophaga), 
233. 
melanura (Chamcepelia), 
497. 
melanura (Myristicivora), 
229, 233. 
meloda (Chamcepelia), 

395. 
meloda (Columba), 398. 
meloda (Columbina), 
395. 
meloda (Melopelia), 395. 
meloda (Zenaida), 392, 
395. 
Melopeleia, 391. 
Melopelia, 391. 
menadensis (Columba), 
333. 
menadensis(Macropygia), 
333, 334. 
menadensis (Turacoena), 

333. 
menadensis, yar. major 
(Turacoena), 334. 
mercieri (Kurukuru), 

110. 
mercieri (Ptilinopus), 
110. 
mercieri (Ptilonopus), 
110. 
mercieri (Ptilopus), 110. 
meridionalis(Chlorcenas), 
385. 
meridionalis (Columba), 
296, 384, 641. 
meridionalis (Phaps), 
386, 641. 
meridionalis (Ptilopus), 

74. 
metallica (Carpophaga), 
312,313. 
metallica (Columba), 
309, 312. 
metallica (Janthsenas), 

312. 
metallica (Janthcenas), 
312. 
Metriopeleia, 497. 
Metriopelia, 497. 
664: ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 
Mexican Pigeon, 642. 
mexicana (Columba), 

642. 
mexicana (CEnas), 643. 
mexicana (Peristera), 
581. 
mexicana (Zenaida), 388. 
meyeri (Carpophaga), 
327. 
meyeri (Columba), 327. 
meyeri (Troeaza), 327. 
microeera (Carpophaga), 
174, 196. 
microeera (Grlobieeraj, 

174. 
Micropelia, 463. 
migratoria (Columba), 
369, 370. 
migratoria (Ectopistes), 

370. 
migratoria (Peristera), 
370. 
migratoria (Trygon), 
370. 
migratorius (Ectopistes)f 
369, 370. 
migratorius (Palumbus), 

369. 
migratorius (Turtur), 
370, 397. 
Migratory Pigeon, 370. 
militaris (Columba), 26, 

30. 
militaris (Treron), 26. 
militaris (Vinago), 26, 
30. 
mmahas3a ((3-ymnophaps), 
220. 
miniate, (Columba), 642. 
miniatus (Turtur), 642. 
minor (Coccyzura), 340. 
minor (Pezophaps), 630. 
minor (I&einwardtcena), 

367. 
minor (Eeinwardtcenas), 
367. 
minor (Sphenocercus), 9. 
minor fulva (Columba), 
i>67. 
minor fusca (Columba), 

264. 
minuta (Chamaepelia), 
481. 
minuta (Cbsemepelia), 
481. 
minuta (Columba). 481, 
484. 
minuta (Goura), 481. 
miqueli (Ptilonopus), 
136. 
miqueli (Pfcilopus), 136. 
modesta (Columba), 334. 
modesta (Haplcenas), 

335. 
modesta (Macropygia), 
334. 
modesta (Turacoena), 
334. 
modestus (Turtur), 335. 
modiglianii (Macropygia), 
349. 
moluccensis (Chalcophaps). 
516. 
moluccen&ia (Columba), 
190,459. 
molueeen&is (Palumbus), 
1UU. 
moluccensis (Peristera), 

512,516. 
moluccensis (Phaps), 516. 
monacha (Columba), 

121. 
monachus (Gvanotreron), 
122. 
monachus (Ptilonopus), 
122. 
monachus (Ptilopua), 
121. 
niondetoura (Peristera), 
495. 
monilis (Chloroenas), 
292. 
monilis (Columba), 292. 
Monornis, 510. 
montana (Columba), 567, 
570, 571. 
montana (Geotrrgon), 

567, 568, 570,*571. 
montana (Goura), 567. 
montana (Oreopeleia), 

568. 
montana (Oreopelia), 
568. 
montana (Oropelia), 
568. 
montana (Perdix), 567. 
montana (Peristera), 567, 
570. 
montana (Starnoenas), 
568. 
montana (Zenaida), 
571. 
monticola (Columba), 
280, 468. 
monticola (Columbina), 

468. 
monticola (Columbula), 
468. 
monticolus (Turtur), 
402. 
mortoni (Chalcophaps), 
521. 
Mountain Partridge, 

567. S 
muelleri (Carpophaga), 
521. 
mugiens (Columba), 620. 
mulleri (Carpophaga), 
muUerii (Columba), 221. 
mulleri (Zoncenas), 221. 
multicincta (Columba), 

461. 
multicolor (Treron), 57. 
murmensis (JEna I, 438. 
muroensis (Oena), 437. 
inuroensis (Turtur), 437. 
murvensis (Turtur|, 437. 
murwensis (Oena), 437. 
Muscadivora, 161. 
mussehenbroeki t Ptilunopus), 
152. 
musschenbroeki (Pfcilo


pus), 152. 
Myrifeticirora, 227. 
mvristiciTora (Carpo


phaga), 117, 187,228. 
myristicivora ^Columba), 

177. 
mvristicivora(Grlobieera), 
*177, 178, 219. 
myristicivora (Muscadivora), 
178. 
mystacea (Columba), 
570, 572. 
mystacea (Geotrygon), 

572. 
mvstacea (Oreopeleia), 
"572. 
mystacea • (Peristera), 
571, 572. 
mystacea (Stamcenas), 

572. 
nsevia (Columba), 643. 
naina (Columba), 147. 
nana (Columba), 147. 
nana (Jotreron), 147. 
nanus (Ptilinopus), 147. 
nanus (Ptilonopus), 

147. 
nanus (Ptilopus), 147. 
nasica (Thoria), 37. 
nasica (Treron), 35, 37. 
natalis (Ohalcophaps), 
520. 
Nazarene Dodo, 634. 
nazarenus (Didus), 630, 
634. 
nebouxii (Kurakuru), 
106. 
neglecta (Carpophaga), 
neglecfca (Oolumba), 

255. 
neglecfcus (Ptilopus), 
103. 
negleetus (Turtur), 420. 
neoxena (Engyptila), 
555. 
neoxena (Lepfcoptila), 
555. 
nepalensis (Dendrotreron), 
275. 
nepalensis (Treron), 35, 
37, 43. 
Nesoenas, 327. 
NesopeHa, 390. 
New Zealand Pigeon, 

236. 
nicobarica (Oalasnas), 
616. 
nicobarica (Oallicenas), 
616. 
nicobarica (Calloenas), 
616. 
nicobarica (Caloenas), 
615. 
nicobarica (Oolumba), 
615. 
nicobarica (G-eophilus), 
616. 
nicobarica (Goura), 
615. 
nicobarica (Ianthcenas), 
308. 
nicobarica, 
var. pelewensis 
(Caloenas), 

618. 
nicobaricus (Geopbil us), 
615. 
nicombar (Golumba), 
615. 
nicombariensis (Oolumba), 
615. 
nigrirostris (Ohloroenas), 

323. 
nigrirostris (Oolumba), 
322. 
nigrirostris(Macropygia), 
359, 360. 
nigrorum (Phabotreron), 

68. 
nipalensis (Oolumba), 

274. 
nipalensis (Rhamphotreron), 
35. 
nipalensis (Thoria), 34. 
nipalensis (Treron), 34. 
nitens (Oolumba), 311. 
nitens (Janthcenas), 

311. 
nitidissima 
(Alectorcenas), 
164. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

nitidissima (Alectrsenas), 

164. 
nitidissima (Aleetroenas), 
161, 163. 
nitidissima (Oolumba), 

163. 
nitidissimus(Alecteenas), 
164. 
nitidissimus (Ptilopus), 
164. 
nivea (Oolumba), 586. 
nobilis (Otidiphaps), 
611. 
nobilis, var. ceryicalis 
(Otidiphaps), 611. 
norfolcensis (Myristieivora), 
320. 
norfolci ensis (Oarpophaga), 
320. 
norfolciensis (Oolumba), 

320. 
norfolciensis (Leucomelaena), 
320. 
norfolciensis (Leucomelaina), 
320. 
norfolciensis (Leucomelcena), 
320. 
norfolciensis (Myristicivora), 
320. 
Norfolk Pigeon, 320. 
noronha (Chamsepelia), 

386. 
noronha (Zenaida), 386. 
novse-seelandias (Oarpophaga), 
237. 
novse-seelandiae (Oolumba), 
236. 
noYse-seelandiae (Heiniphaga), 
237. 
noviB-zealandise (Carpophaga), 
237. 
novse-zealandise (Hemiphaga), 
236, 237. 
novsB-zelandise (Oo


lumba), 237. 
nuchali (Oolumba), 340. 
nuchalis (Oarpophaga), 

190. 
nuchalis (Oolumba), 360. 
nuchalis (Ptilinopus), 
145. 
nudifrons (Treron), 21. 
nudirostris (Phalacrotreron), 
21. 
nudirostris (Treron), 18, 

21, 23, 24, 27. 
nudirostris (Vinago), 20. 
Nutmeg Pigeon, 191. 

occipitalis (Oolumba), 72. 
occipitalis(Ionotreron),72. 

665 

occipitalis (Phabotreron), 

occipitalis (Ptilonopus), 

72, 79. 
occipitalis (Ptilopus), 72. 
occipitalis (Ramphiculus), 

72. 
oceanica (Oarpophaga), 
173,176. 
oceanica (Oolumba), 159, 
176,179. 
oceanica (Q-lobicera), 

176. 
ocellata (Oolumba), 502. 
ochrogaster (Ptilonopus), 
166. 
ochrogaster (Ptilopus), 
166. 
ochropygia (Oarpophaga), 
ochroptera (Oolumba), 

555. 
ochroptera (Leptoptila), 
549,555, 556. 
Ocyphaps, 535. 
GEdirhinus, 125. 
(Ena, 501. 
CEnas, 261. 
cenas (Coelotreron), 263. 
cenas (Oolumba), 252, 

254, 257, 258, 261, 

264. 
cenas domestica (Oolumba), 
252. 
cenas (Palumbcena), 262. 
cenas tatarica (Oolumba), 

"264. 
cenas, var. rupestris (Oolumba), 
250. 
cenas, var. rupicola (Oolumba), 
250. 
cenicapilla (Oolumba), 

264. 
cenothorax (Oarpophaga), 
184. 
Oiseau de nausee, 634. 
Oiseau de Nazare, 634. 
Oiseau cle Nazareth, 634. 
Oiseau Solitaire, 636. 
olax (Oolumba), 64. 
olax (Osmotreron), 64. 
olax (Treron), 64. 
olax (Vinago), 64. 
Omeotreron, 71. 
oopa (Oolumba), 106. 
oopa (Kurutreron), 106, 


108. 
oopa (Ptilonopus), 106. 
Oreopeleia, 564. 
orientalis (Oolumba), 401, 

403. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

orientalis (Turtur), 403, 

404. 
orientalis ferrago (Turtur), 
402. 
orientalis gelastis (Turtur), 
406. 
ornatus (Ptilopus), 131. 
Ornitbaptera, 632. 
Oropeleia, 564. 
Osculatia, 563. 
Osmotreron, 38. 
Osrnotreron from Su


matra, 41. 
Otidiphaps, 610. 
Oxypelia, 490. 
oxyura (Oolumba), 7. 
oxyura (Sphenocercus), 7. 
oxyura (Treron), 7. 
oxyura (Vinago), 7. 
oxyurus (Sphenocercus), 

7. 
Pacific Pigeon, 607. 
pacifica (Oarpophaga) 
174,176,177,187. 
pacifica (Oolumba), 173, 

573. 
pacifica (Globicera), 173, 
177. 
pallescens (Chamsepelia), 
459. 
pallida (Oolumba), 643. 
pallida (Leptoptila), 560. 
pallidiceps (Oolumba), 
319. 
pallidiceps (Iantboenas), 
319. 
Paloma cobijas manchadas, 
273. 
Paloma enana, 481. 
Paloma mont6s, 289. 
Paloma parda manebada, 

384. 
Paloma parda tapadas 
roxas, 554. 
Paloma picui, 470. 
Paloma roxa y amarilla, 

567. 
Paloma roxiza, 485. 
Palumbaana, 242. 
palumbaria (Oolumba), 
300. 
palumbes (Oolumba), 
300. 
palumboidea (Oarpophaga), 
308. 
palumboides (Oolumba), 

308. 
palumboides(Ianthoenas), 
308. 
Palumbus, 241,299. 
Palumbus coeruleus madagascariensis, 
164. 
palumbus (Oolumba), 299, 

302. 
palumbus bimalayana 
(Oolumba), 302. 
palumbus (Palumbus), 

300. 
Palumbus viridis Madagascar 
iensis, IS. 
Pampusan, 583. 
pampusan (Oolumba), 

602. 
pampusan (Leptoptila), 
603. 
pampusan (Pblegcenas), 
603. 
pampusan (Phlogoenas), 
602. 
Pampusana, 583. 
parallino stigma (Peristera), 
508. 
Parrot Pigeon, 60. 
Partridge Pigeon, 567. 
Passenger Pigeon, 370. 
passerina (Obamsepeleia), 

475. 
passerina (Chamgapelia), 
473, 474, 475. 
passerina (Oolumba), 

473. 
passerina (Oolumbigallina), 
473. 
passerina (Columbina), 

474. 
passerina (G-oura), 473. 
passerina (Peristera), 
475. 
passerina (Pyrgitoenas), 
475. 
passerina bahainensis (Oolumbigallina), 
476. 
passerina insularis (Columbigallina), 
476. 
passerina pallescens (Oolumbigallina), 
475. 
passerina purpurea (Oolumbigallma), 
476. 
passerina socorrensis 
(Golumbigallina), 476. 
passerina terrestris (Oolumbigallina), 
476. 
Passerine Turtle, 481. 
Patagisenas, 242. 
Patagicenas, 241. 
Patagcenas, 242. 
patruelis (Ptilopus), 

138. 
paulina (Oarpophaga), 
188, 190. 
paulina (Columba), 188. 

paulina (Ducula), 188, 

190. 
paulinse (Oarpophaga), 
189. 
pectoralis (Oarpophaga), 
205. 
pectoralis (Oolumba), 
149,604. 
pectoralis (lotreron), 150. 
pectoralis (Omeotreron), 

149. 
pectoralis (Peristera), 
604. 
pectoralis (Phlegcenas), 
604. 
pectoralis (Phlogoenas), 
604. 
pectoralis (Ptilonopus), 
149. 
pectoralis (Ptilopus), 149. 
Peleioenas, 328. 
pelewensis (Calcenas),61S. 
pelewensis (Ptilinopus), 
86. 
pelewensis (Ptilopus), 86. 
pentheria (Chamaepelial, 

388. 
pentheria (Peristera), 
388. 
pentheria (Platyptercena), 
388. 
pentheria (Zenaida), 388. 
Perdieopelia, 612. 
Perdrix de la Martinique, 
570. 
Perissura, 373. 
Peristera, 396, 481, 510, 
529. "~ 
P<§ristere a gorge rousse, 
588. 
PMstere crinigere, 587. 
Peristere d'Etienne, 520. 
perlata (Oarpophaga), 

132. 
perlata (Columba), 132. 
perlata (Megaloprepia), 
132. 
perlata (Sylpbidcena),132. 
perlata (Sylphitreron), 
132, 133. 
perlatus (Ptilonopus), 
132, 133. 
perlatus (Ptilopus), 132, 

133. 
permagna (Treron), 14. 
permagnus (Sphenocercus), 
14. 
perousei (Ptilopus), 87. 
perousii (Ptilinopus), 87. 
perpulchra (Konornis), 

515. 
perspicillata (Oarpophaga), 
186, 199,200. 
perspicillata (Columba), 
199, 200. 
perspicillata (Turtur), 

421. 
perspioillatus (Turtur), 
421. 
Petite Tourterelle de la 
Martinique, 481, 
Petite Tourterelle de 
Queda, 45S. 
Petite Tourterelle de 
St. Doininigue, 473. 
petit-thouarsii (Ptilopus), 

90. 
Petrophassa, 530. 
Pezophaps, 629. 
Phabalectryo, 614. 
Pkabisca, 66. 
Pbabotreron, 66. 
Phamorkina, 226. 
phseonota (Columba), 
268, 269. 
phseonota (Stictcenas), 

269. 
pbseonotus (Columba), 
268. 
phaeonotus (Strietoonas), 
268. 
Phalacroteron, 15. 
Phapiscus, 66. 
Phapitreron, QQ. 
Pkaps, 525. 
phasianella (Columba), 15, 
340, 346, 349, 351. 
phasianella (Macropygia), 
346, 347, 349, 352, 

356. 
pbasianellus (Splienocerous), 
5. 
pbasianellus (Treron), 5. 
pbasianellus (Turtur), 

350. 
Pbasianus cristatus indious, 
620. 
Pbassa, 71. 
phayrei (Osmotreron),43. 
pbayrei (Treron), 44. 
phayrii (Treron), 44. 
pbilippana (Columba), 

319. 
philippanse (Ianthoenas), 
319. 
Pblegsenas, 583. 
Phlegcenas, 583. 
Phlogoenas, 583. 
pboeniceus (Alsooomus), 
307. 
phoenicoptera (Columba), 
26, 30, 51. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

phoenicoptora (Troron), 
27, 297 
pboenicoptera (Viuago), 

phcenicopterus (Orocopus), 
26. 
phocnicorkyncka (Oolumbi), 
039. 
pboenicura (Columba), 

164. 
pieata (Columba), 607. 
picata (Groura), 608. 
pieata (Leptoptila), (JOS. 
picata (Leucosarcia), 
607. 
picata (Phaps), 607. 
picator (Columba), 607. 
picajuro (Columba), 641. 
Picazuro, 271. 
picazuro (Columba), 271. 
picazuro (Picazuros), 
271. 
Picazuros, 241. 
Pieazurus, 242. 
piokeringi (Carpopkaga), 
201. 
pickeringii (Carpopbaga), 
201. 
picta (Columba), 410. 
picta (Leucosarcia), 608. 
pictiventris (Ptilopus), 
99. 
picturata (Columba), 409, 
413. 
picturata (Peristera), 
410. 
picturatus (Turtur), 161, 
409, 410, 412, 413. 
pietus (Turtur), 410. 
Picui, 470. 
picui (Chasmepelia), 470, 

471. 
picui (Columba), 470, 
471. 
picui (Columbina), 471. 
picui (Columbula), 470. 
picui (C-oura), 470. 
picui (Peristera), 471. 
Picui pinima, 464. 
Pied Pigeon, 607. 
Pigeon a queue annexe 
de la Jamaique, 290. 

Pigeon blanc manguer de 
muscade delaNouvelle 
Ghiinfie, 227. 

Pigeon bleu du Mexique, 

638. 
Pigeon bran tach«5te, 
384. 
Pigeon couronne, 620. 
Pigeon de Gruinee, 267. 
W>7 

Pigeon do la Jamaunm, 

557. 
Pigeon do la Martinique, 
380. 
Pigeon do Passage, 369. 
Pigeon do Nieombnr, 
015. 
Pigeon du Mexiquo, 
042. 
Pigeon from Xiongmai, 
048. 
Pigeon hollandais, 103. 
Pigeon imin, 481. 
Pigeon Rainier, 300. 
Pigeon Ramior bleu, 
16 L 
Pigeon ramie r bleu do 
Madagascar, 164. 
Pigeon Rainier do Cayenne, 
281. 
Pigeon Rainier des 
Moluques, 190. 
Pigeon Rainier verd do 

Madagascar, 19. 
Pigeon rougeatre, 485. 
Pigeon roux de Cayenne, 

507. 
Pigeon sauvago du 
Me\ique, 643. 
Pigeon vorel a tote griso 
d'Antigue, 514, 
Pigeon 
verd de l'lslo do 
Lucon et d'Antigue, 

60. 
Pigeon vert d'Amboine, 
47. 
Pigeon vert do l'ilo do 
fcSainl-Tliomas, 17. 
Pigeon vert doa Philip* 
pines, 00. 
Pigeon violet a tote rouge 
d'Antigue, 101. 
Pigeon violet do la Martinique, 
570. 
pileata (Chaloopbaps), 
51(5. 
pileata (Columba), 514. 
pinetorum (Columba), 

300. 
pinon (Oarpophaga), 179, 
222, 223. 
pinon (Columba), 178, 

222. 
pinon (Muscadivora), 
222. 
pinon (Zenoenas), 179. 
pinon (Zoncenas), 222. 
pinon jobiensis (Oarpophaga), 
224. 
pinon, var. rubiensis 
(Oarpophaga), 223. 

pinonsc (Oarpophaga), 

222. 
pistrinaria (Oarpophaga), 

197. 
pistrinaria (Ducula), 

197. 
placida (Geopelia), 456. 
placida (pallida) (Geopelia), 
457. 
platenaa (Phlogoenas), 

588. 
Platypteroena, 379. 
Pleiodua, 62G. 
plumbea (Ohamoepelia), 

380. 
plumbea (Ohloroenas), 
324,325. 
plumbea, subsp. bogotensis 
(Ohloroenas), 325. 
plumbea (Oolumba), 322, 
323,324, 325. 
plumbea (Lepidoenas), 

325. 
plumbea (Leptoptila), 

324. 
plumbea (Metriopelia), 

380. 
plumbea (Metriopeleia), 

380. 
plumbea (Zenaida), 379. 
plumbeiceps (Leptoptila), 

plumbeioeps (Peristera), 

550. 
plumbeieollis (Ptilopus), 

133. 
plumbescens (Melopelia), 

288. 
plumifera (Oolumba), 

533. 
plumifera (Geophaps), 

533. 
plumifera (Goura), 

534. 
plumifera (Lophophaps), 
533,534. 
plumifera (Phaps), 534. 
plumipes (Oolumba), 255. 
poeciloptera (Oolumba), 
271, 273. 
poeoilorrhoa (Oarpophaga), 
220. 
poeoilorrhoa (Gymnophaps), 
220. 
Pceoilotreron, 126. 
poliocephala (Oarpophaga), 
209. 
poliocephala (Hemiphaga), 
209. 
poliocephala (Zonsenas), 

209. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

poliura (Oarpophaga), 

169. 
poliura (Megaloprepia), 

169. 
poliura (Ptilopus), 169. 
polleni (Oolumba), 321. 
polleni (Palumbus), 

321. 
polleni (Stictoenas), 321. 
polleni (Trocaza), 321. 
pompadora (Oolumba), 

51. 
pompadora(Osmotreron), 

51. 
pompadora (Treron), 45, 

51. 
Pompadour Pigeon, 51. 
pompadoura (Oolumba), 

51. 
ponapensis (Ptilonopus), 

93. 
ponapensis (Ptilopus), 

93. 
Pooni Jamboo, 80. 
porphyracea (Oolumba), 
100, 105, 108. 
porphyraceus (Ptilonopus), 
101. 
porphyraceus (Ptilopus), 
100, 101. 
porphyraceus elementing 
(Ptilopus), 102. 
porphyracra (Oolumba), 
100, 106, 108. 
porphyracrus (Ptilonopus), 
108. 
porphyrea (Oolumba), 

100. 
porphyrea (Lamprotreron), 
72, 75. 
porphyreus (Ptilinopus), 

75. 
porphyreus (Ptilonopus), 

100. 
porphyreus (Ptilopus), 

78. 
porphyrostictus (Lamprotreron), 
114. 
porphyrostictus (Ptilinopus), 
114. 
porphyrostictus (Ptilopus), 
114. 
portoricensis (Oolumba), 

280. 
Portugal Dove, 646. 
prasinochroa (Ionotreron), 
137. 
prasinorrhous (Jotreron), 

137. 
prasinorrhous (Ptilonopus), 
137. 

prasinorrhous (Ptilopus), 

137. 
pretiosa (Peristera), 


492. 
prevostianus (Turtur), 


410. 
princeps (Oolumba), 238. 
principalis (Haplopelia), 

542. 
principalis (Pei*istera), 

542. 
pristinaria (Oarpophaga), 

197. 
Progura, 619. 
Psamrnoenas, 645. 
psittacea (Oolumba), 55. 
psittacea (Osmotreron), 

55. 
psittacea (Treron), 55 . 
psittacea (Viuago). on. 
psittacina (Treron), 5b. 
Ptilinope de Clementine, 

100. 
Ptilinope de Dupetit-
Thouars, 90. 
Ptilinope de Marie, 87. 
Ptilinopus, 81. 
Ptilocolpa, 205. 
Ptilonopus, 81. 
Ptilonopus (de Clementine), 
101. 
Ptilonopus (de Marie), 

87. 
Ptilopbyrus, 619. 
Ptilopodiscus, 118. 
Ptilopus, 70, 83. 
Ptilotreron, 83. 
puella (Chalcopeleia), 

523. 
puella (Ohalcopelia), 

523. 
puella (Oalopelia), 523 . 
puella (Oarpophaga), 168, 
169,170. 
puella (Oolumba), 170. 
puella (Haplopelia), 

523. 
puella (Megaloprepia), 
168,170. 
puella (Peristera), 

523. 
puella (Ptilopus), 170. 
puellus (Ptilopus), 169, 

170. 
puellus (Turtur), 523 . 
pulchella (Carpopkaga), 

189. 
pulchella (Oolumba), 

117. 
pulchella (Peristera), 

523. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

pulehelloides (Ptilopus), 

120. 
pulchellus (Cyanotreron), 
117. 
pulchellus (Ptilinopus), 
117. 
pulchellus (Ptilonopus), 
117,118. 
pulchellus (Ptilopus), 

117. 
pulcherrima (Alectroenas), 
1G1. 
pulcherrima (Columba), 

161. 
pulchemma(Erythrsena), 
161. 
pulchemma(Erythrcena), 
161. 
pulcherrima (Erythremias), 
162. 
pulcherrima (Erythrol
«ma), 162. 
puleherrimus (Funingus), 

162. 
puleherrimus (Ptilinopus), 
161. 
puleherrimus (Ptilopus), 

161. 
pulchrata (Columba), 
401. 
pulchrata (Turtur), 
402. 
pulchratus (Turtur), 
402. 
pulchricollis (Columba), 
302, 305, 648. 
pulchricollis (Lepidoenas), 

305. 
pulchricollis (Palumbus), 
302, 305. 
pulverulenta (Osmotreron), 
41. 
pulverulenta (Treron), 

41. 
pulverulentus (Treron), 
41. 
pumila (Chamaipelia), 
479, 481. 
punicea (Carpophaga), 

306. 
punicea (Columba), 
306. 
puniceus (Alsocomus), 
306. 
Purple Pigeon, 60. 
Purple-breasted Pigeon, 
606. 
Purple-crowned Pigeon, 
100,105. 
Purple-shouldered 
Pigeon, 26. 

purpurata (Columba), 91, 
95, 97, 100, 105, 108, 

109. 
purpurata, Tar. regina 
(Columba), 95. 
purpuratus (Kurukuru), 

106. 
purpuratus (Kurutreron), 
purpuratus (Ptilinopus), 
91,109. 
purpuratus (Ptilonopus), 
97, 100, 101, 106. 
purpuratus (Ptilopus), 
85, 101, 105,106,108. 
purpurea (Chamiepelia), 

476. 
purpurea (Columba), 
60. 
purpurea (Osculatia), 
563. 
purpurea (Treron), 57. 
purpureinucha (Ptilopus), 
143. 
purpureocinctus (Ptilonopus), 
109. 
purpureotincta (Columba), 
322, 325. 

purpuroleucocephalus 
(Ptilonopus), 90. 
pusilla (Carpophaga), 

192. 
pusilla (Chama3pelia), 
475. 
pusilla (Columba), 473. 
pygmsea (Peristera), 450. 
pygmoeus (Turtur), 450. 
Pyrgitcenas, 472. 
pyrrhacra (Columba), 
606. 
pyrrhoptera (Columba), 
643. 
pytiriopsis (Phalacrotreron), 
21. 
pytiriopsis (Vinago), 21. 

quadrigeminus (Ptilopus), 
121. 

rachidialis (Chamsepelia), 
481. 
radiata (Carpophaga), 

210. 
radiata (Columba), 210. 
radiata (Zonssnas), 210. 
radiata (Zoncenas), 210. 
Eameron, 276. 
Banner cuivre" mangeur 
de muscade, 177. 
Eamier Fourningo, 164. 
Eamier heriss<§, 163. 

Eamier Eoussard, 268. 
Bamirel, 281. 
Eamphiculus, 71. 
Eaphus, 632. 
rarotongonsis (Ptilino


pus), 103. 
rarotongensis (Ptilopus), 
102,103. 
rawlinsonii (Ianihcenas), 

314. 
Bed-breasted Pigeon, 
585. 
Eed-breasted Turtle, 
585. 
Bed-crowned Pigeon, 
161. 
regalis (Olidiphaps), 
611. 
regina (Ptilopus), 95. 
reichenbachi (Columba), 
274. 
reichenbachi (Crossophthalmus), 
273. 
reichenbachi (Leptoptila), 
553. 
reichenbachi bahige 
(Leptoptila), 553. 
Eeinwardtama, 365. 
Eeinwardtsenas, 365. 
reinwardti (Coccyiaoenas), 

366. 
reinwardti (Eeinwardtoenas), 
365. 
reinwardti! (Columba), 

365. 
reinwardtii (Eotopistes), 
366. 
reinwardtii (Macropygia), 
365. 
reinwardtii minor (Macropygia), 
367. 
reinwardtii (Beinwardtsenas), 
366. 
reinwardtii (Bern war dt~ 
oonas), 366. 
reinwardtii (Turaccena), 

366. 
reinwardtii (Turtur), 
366. 
Beinwardtoena, 365. 
Beinwardtcenas, 365. 
reinwardtsi (Columba), 
365. 
B. Forsteri (Columba), 
172. 
Bhagorhina, 646. 
Bhamphiculus, 71. 
Bhamphotreron, 34. 
Bhinopus, 214. 
rhodinolsema (Carpophaga), 
196, 197. 

670 

rliodostictus (Ptilopus), 

92. 
Rhombura, 4. 
Rhyncliumas, 524. 
riefiardsi (Oarpophaga), 
180. 
riohardsi (Globieera), 
180. 
rioiiarclai (Ptilopus), 92. 
richardsoni (Zenaida), 
m. 
ridens (Peristera), 431. 
ridens (Turtur), 431. 
ridibundus (Turtur), 430, 
Ring Pigeon, 300. 
Ring-tailed Pigeon, 290. 
Rinopus, 214. 
riottei (Leptoptila), 549. 
riottei (Peristera), 549. 
piottii (Leptoptila), 549. 

risoria (Oolumba), 414, 
415,416,420,424,426, 
428, 429, 430, 439. 

risoria domestica (Oolumba), 
415. 
risoria minor (Columba), 

437. 
risoria, var. cieurata (Oolumba), 
414. 
risoria (Peristera), 414. 
risoria (Sfcroptopelia), 

415, 420, 431. 
risoria (Turtur), 405, 

432. 
risorius (Oolumba), 427. 
risorius (Turtur), 398, 
414,420,424,429,430. 
risoroicles (Turtur), 429. 
riyolii (Oolumba), 136. 
rivolii (Joireron), 135, 

136. 
riyolii (Ptilonopus), 135, 
136. 
rivolii (Ptilopus), 135, 
136,137,140. 
rodericana (Alectroonas), 


160. 
rodericana (Oolumba), 
160. 
Roineris, 33. 
rosacea (Oarpophaga), 
198. 
rosacea (Oolumba), 198. 
rosacea (Ducula), 198. 
rosea (Columba), 643. 
roseicapilla (Oolumba) 
109. h 
roseicapilla (Kurukuru), 
roseicapillus 
(ptilonopus), 
109. 

ALPHABETICAL INJ)EX. 

roseicapillus (Kurukuru), 

97. 
roseicapillus (Ptilopus), 
108. 
roseicollis (Oolumba), 
75. 
roseicollis (Kurukuru), 
76, 
roseicollis (Ptilonopus), 

75. 
roseicollis (Ptilopus), 75. 
roseinucha (Oarpophaga), 
178, 187, 188. 
roseipectus (Ptilonopus), 

149. 
roseogrisea (Oolumba), 
429. 
roseogriseus (Turtur), 
429, 430. 
rostratus (Turtur), 413. 
rousseau (Oalcenas), 603. 
rousseau (Oolumba), 

603. 
rousseau (Pampusana), 
602, 603. 
rubeseens (Oalcenas), 


606. 
rubeseens (Oolumba), 
606. 
rubeseens (Pampusana), 
606. 
rubeseens (Pampusanna), 
606. 
rubeseens (Pbaps), 606. 
rubeseens (Phlogoenas), 
606. # 
rubiensis (Oarpophaga), 
223. 
rubracera (Oarpophaga), 
179. 
rubracera (Grlobieera), 
179. 
rubricapilla (Carpophaga),
161. 
rubricapilla (Oolumba), 


161. 
rubricapilla (Janthcenas), 
161. 
rubricapillus (Ptilopus), 
161. 
rubricera (Oarpophaga), 
178,179. 
rubricera ((Hobicera), 
178,179. 
rubricera (Muscadivora), 

179. 
rubripes (Zenaida), 389. 
rubroeapillata (Oolumba), 
161. 
rufa (Macropygia), 363, 

364. 
rufa eayennensis (Oolumba), 
567. 
rufaxilla (Oolumba), 551, 
553,554, 558. 
rufaxilla (Engyptila), 

552. 
rufaxilla 
(Leptoptila), 
539, 549, 550,551, 553, 

557. 
rufaxilla (Peristera), 549, 
551, 555. 
rufescens (Leptoptila), 

554. 
rufescens (Peristera), 
450,554. 
rufescens (Turtur), 450. 
ruficauda (Chamapelia), 

3SS. 
ruficauda (Peristera), 

388. 
ruficauda (Stenurcena), 
388. 
ruficauda (Zenaida), 
3S7,389. 
ruficeps (Oolumba), 


360. 
ruficeps (llaeropygia), 
360. 
ruficeps (Turtur), 360. 
rufidorsalis (Peristera), 
400. 
rufigaster (Oarpophaga), 
rufigaster (Oolumba), 

212. 
rufigaster (Zoncenas), 
212. 
rufigastra (Oarpophaga), 
rufigastra (Hemiphaga), 

rufigula (Oaloenas), 589. 
rufigula (Oarpophaga), 
180,213. 
rufigula (Grlobieera), 179, 


180. 
rufigula (Peristera), 589, 
590. 
rufigula (Phaps), 589, 
590. 
rufigula (Phlegsenas), 
589. 
rufigula (PHegcenas), 
590. 
rufigula (Phlogcenas), 
588, 589, 590. 
rufina (Ohloroenas), 288, 

326. 
rufina (Oolumba), 284, 
287,289. 
rufina (Janthcenas), 288. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

671 

rufinucha (Carpophaga), 
189. 
rufinucha (Engyptila), 

562. 
rufinucha (Leptoptila), 
562. 
rufimichalis (Carpophaga), 
188. 
rufinuchalis (Ducula), 

189. 
rufipennis( Chamsepeleia), 
487. 
rufipennis (Chamgepelia), 
487. 
rufipennis (Chasmepelia), 
487. 
rufipennis (Oolumbigallina), 
487. 
rufipennis (Lepfcopelia), 

487. 
rufipennis (Macropygia), 
344. 
rufipennis (Peristera), 
487. 
rufipennis (Talpacotia), 
487. 
rufiventris (Oarpophaga), 
212. 
rufiventris (Geotrygon), 
575. 
rufiventris (Zonoenas), 
213. 
rufo-castanea (Macropygia), 
363. 
rupestris (Columba), 250, 
254, 258. 
rupestris pallida (Columba), 
251. 
Bupicola, 242. 
rupicola (Oolumba), 251, 

403. 
rupicola (Peristera), 405. 
rupicola (Turtur), 405. 
rupicolus (Turtur), 401, 
405. 
Ryncheenas, 524. 
Saint-Domingo Pigeon, 

639. 
salomonensis (Ptilopus), 
140. 
salomonis (PHogoenas), 
597. 
salomonis (P tilopus), 
140. 
salvadorii (Oarpophaga), 
223. 
salvadorii (Ptilopus), 
150. 
samoensis (Oarpophaga), 
175. 
samoensis (Kurukuru), 

87. 
samoensis (Phlegoenas), 
596. 
samoensis (Phlogoenas), 
596. 
samoensis (Ptilonopus), 
87. 
sanghirensis (Chalcophaps), 
513. 
sanghirensis (Macropygia), 
354. 
sanghirensis (Osmo treron), 
43. 
sanghirensis (Treron), 

43. 
sangirensis (Treron), 43. 
Sanguine Turtle, 586. 
sanguinea (Columba), 
586. 
saphirina (Geotrygon), 
563. 
saphirina (Osculatia), 
563. 
sappliirina (G-eotrygon), 
563. 
sappliirina (Osculatia), 
563. ^ 
savignii (Turtur), 450. 
saxatilis (Columba), 
saxatilis jamaicensis 
(Columba), 278. 
Scallop-necked Pigeon, 

281. 
Scardafella, 463. 
schalowi (Treron), 24. 
schalowi (Vinago), 24. 
soheepmakeri (Goura), 
622, 623. 
schimperi (Columba), 

258. 
schlegelii (Rhynchsenas), 
525. 
schlegeli (Rynchaenas), 
525. # 
sclateri (Goura), 522. 
scripta (Columba), 531. 
script a (Geophaps), 531. 
scripta (Goura), 531. 
scripta (Peristera), 531. 
scripta (Phaps), 531. 
selbyi (Columba), 254. 
semitorquata (Columba), 
416. 
semitorquata (Peristera), 
417. 
semitorquata (Streptopelia), 
417, 425. 
semitorquata (Turtur), 

419. 
semitorquatus (Sphonurus), 
7. 

semitorquatus (Turtur) 
416,419,420,425,427! 
428, 429. 

Senegal Turtle, 448. 
senegalensis (Oolumba), 
257, 428, 448, 507. 
senegalensis (Peristera), 


450.
senegalensis (Sfcigmatopelia), 
450. 
senegalensis 
(Turtur), 
420,448,449,452,453, 

506. 
senex (Ptilinopus), 121. 
sericeus (Ptilonopus), 
159. 
Sericopeleia, 537. 
Serresius, 171. 
sganzini (Alecteroenas), 
163. 
sganzini (Alectrcenas), 
162. 
sganzini (Columba), 
162. 
sganzini (Funingus), 
162. 
sganzini (Furningus), 
162. 
sganzini (Ptilonopus), 
163. 
sganzini (Ptilopus), 162, 
163. 
sharpei (Turturoena), 
329. 
sharpii (Turtur), 401. 
shelleyi (Turtur), 418. 
sieboldii (Columba), 12. 
sieboldi (Sphenocercus), 
12. 
sieboldii (Treron), 12,13, 
14. 
sieboldi (Yinago), 12. 
simplex (Aplopelia), 
542. 
simplex (Haplopeleia), / / 
54^. / 
simplex (Haplopelia), 

542. 
simplex (Peristera), 542. 
simplex (Turtur), 542. 
sinensis (Turtur), 440. 
sinensis fuscus (Turtur), 
403. 
sinensis striata (Turtur), 
458. 
sinica (Columba), 458. 
smithi (Oolumba), 532. 
smithi (Geophaps), 532. 
smithi (Phaps), 532. 
Smithsonian us (Ptilopus), 

105. 
Solitaire, 629, 636. 
Solitaire of Beunion, 

636. 
solitaria (Columba), 285. 
solitaria (Pezophaps), 

630. 
solitarius (Apterornis), 

636. 
solitarius (Didus), 629. 
solitarius (Pezophaps), 

629. 
Solitary Dodo, 629. 
solomonensis (Phlogoenas), 
594. 
solomouensis (Ptilonopus), 
140. 
solomonensis (Ptilopus), 

140. 
sondaica (Maeropygia), 

348. 
flororia (Treron), 13. 
sororius (Sphenocercus), 

13. 
sororius (Treron), 13. 
souleyetiana (Melopelia), 

395. 
souleyetiana (Zenaida), 

395. 
Southern Pigeon, 641. 
sp. (Phlogoenas), 601, 

602. 
spadicea (Carpophaga), 

238. 
spadicea (Oolumba), 237, 
238, 
spadieea leucophsea 
(Oolumba), 237. 
spadicea (Hemiphaga), 

238. 
spadicea (Muscadiyora), 

238. 
spadieea (Zenaida), 383. 
spanzani (Furningus), 

163. 
speciosa (Ohloroenas), 


282. 
speciosa (Oolumba), 281. 
speciosa (Ectopistes), 

282. 
speciosa (Lepidcenas), 


282. 
speciosa (Patagioenas), 


282. 
speciosa (Peristera), 


282. 
speciosus (Ptilopus), 


139. 
spelaaa (Oolumba), 255. 
Spbenaana, 4. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Sphenocercus, 4. 
Sphencana, 4. 
Spkenotreron, 4. 
splienura (Columba), 

11. 
sphenura (Treron), 8. 
splienura (Vinago), 5, 8. 
Sphenurus, 4. 
sphenurus (Sphenocercus), 
8. 
spiloehroa (Myristioivora), 
231. 
spilodera (Ohloroenas), 

282. 
spilodera (Peristera), 

282. 
SpUopelia, 439. 
spiloptera (Columba), 

462. 
spilorrhoa (Carpophaga), 
231, 232. 
spilorrhoa (Myristieivora), 
229, 231. 
Spilofcreron, 141. 
sp. inc. (Chryscenas), 

127. 
sp. inc. (Phlogoenas), 

599. 
splendida (Oolumba), 

309. 
spontanea (Vinago), 

254. 
Spotted Green Pigeon, 

641. 
squammata (Oolumba), 

464. 
squamosa (Oolumba), 
280, 464, 465. 
squamosa (Chamaspelia), 
464, 465. 
squamosa (Oolumbina), 
464, 465. 
squamosa (Oolumbula), 

464. 
squamosa (Geopelia), 

464. 
squamosa (Macropygia), 

464. 
squamosa (Micropelia), 


464. 
squamosa (CEna), 464. 
squamosa (Scardafella), 
464,466. 
stairei (Phaps), 595. 
stairi (Calcenas), 595. 
stairi (Phlogoenas), 595, 

597. 
stairii vitiensis (Phlegoenas), 
595. 
stairii (Leptoptila), 595, 

597. 

stairii (Phlegoenas), 594, 
595,596. 
Starmenas, 612. 
Starno3nas, 612. 
stenura (Chamaepelia), 

390. 
stenura (Stenuroena), 

390. 
stenura (Zenaida), 389, 

390. 
Stenuroena, 379. 
stephani (Chaleophaps), 
520, 522. 
stephani (Peristera), 521. 
stephani (Phaps), 521. 
Stern oenas, 612. 
steursii (Oolumba), 624. 
steursii (Goura), 624. 

s. thomse (Columba), 17, 
26, 30. 

S. Thomas's Pigeon, 17. 
Sticteenas, 242. 
Stictoenas, 241. 
Stictopeleia, 454. 
Stictopelia, 454. 
Stigmatopelia, 448. 
stimpsoni (Turtur), 406. 
Stock Pigeon, 262. 
stoliczkas (Turtur), 432. 
strepitans (Chamaepelia), 


470. 
strepitans (Columba), 

470. 
strepitans (Oolumbina), 

470. 
strepitans (Oolumbula), 

471. 
Streptopelia, 413. 
striata (Oolumba), 458, 

464. 
striata (Geopeleia), 459, 
stri ita (Geopelia), 458, 

459. 
Striated Turtle, 458. 
striatus (Turtur), 442, 

459. 
Strictoenas, 242. 
strigirostris(Didunculus), 

626. 
strigirostris (Gnathodon), 

626. 
strigirostris (Pleiodus), 

626. 
strigirostris (Treron), 

626. 
strophium (Ptilonopus), 

135. 
strophium (Ptilopus), 
135,136. 
st. thomas (Treron), 27, 

51. 

subflavescens (Oarpophaga), 
232. 
subflavescens (Myristicivora), 
232. 
subvinacea (Chloroenas), 

326. 
subvinacea (Colurnba), 
322, 326. 
sulaensis (Pfcilinopus), 

145. 
sulaensis (Treron), 42. 
sumatrensis (Oolumba), 
644. 
sundevalli (Oarpophaga), 
174,177. 
sundevalli (Grlobicera), 
174,177. 
superba (Columba), 112, 

115. 
superba (Laruprotreron), 
113. 
superbus (Kurukuru), 
113. 
superbus (Ptilinopus), 
112. 
superbus (Pfcilonopus) 
113,115. 
superbus (Ptilopus), 112, 

116. 
superbus (Trygon), 
superoiliaris (Oolumba), 

514. 
superoiliaris (Pfcilinopus), 
Surate Turtle, 444. 
suratensis (Columba), 
431, 444, 641. 
suratensis (Peristera), 

441. 
suratensis (Spilopelia), 
445. 
suratensis (Turtur), 441, 
442, 444. 
Surinam Turtle, 644. 
surinamensis (Oolumba), 

644. 
swainsoni (Kurukuru), 
95. 
swainsoni (Ptilinopus), 
95. 
swainsoni (Ptilonopus), 
95,109. 
swainsoni (Ptilopus), 95, 

97. 
swinboei (Macropygia), 
340. 
swinboii (Macropygia)) 
340. 
Sylphidaena, 126. 
Sylphitreron, 126. 
TOL. XXI. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

sylvatica (Oarpophaga), 

185, 189,192. 

sylvatica (Oolumba), 191. 

sylvatica (Greo trygon), 

573. 
sylvatica (Peristera), 
573. 
sylvestris (Chloroenas), 
289. 
sylvestris (Oolumba), 
289, 538. 
sylvestris (Peristera), 

538. 
sylvestris (Turtur), 398. 
Sylvicola, 242. 
Tabuan Pigeon, 100. 
tabuensis (Columba), 

100. 
Tceniaenas, 242. 
Tsenioenas, 241. 
taitensis (Columba), 106. 
taitensis (Ourotreron), 
106. 
taitensis (Kurukuru), 
106. 
taitensis (Ptilinopus), 
107. 
taitensis (Ptilonopus), 
106. 
taitensis (Ptilopus), 106. 
talpacoli (Chamaspelia), 
485. 
talpacoti (Chamaspeleia), 
485. 
talpacoti (Chamaspelia), 
485. 
talpacoti (Oolumba), 
485. 
talpacoti (Columbigallina), 
486. 
talpacoti (Oolumbina), 

485. 
talpacoti (G-oura), 485. 
talpacoti (Leptopelia), 
386. 
talpacoti (Peristera), 
486. 
talpacoti (Talpacotia), 
486. 
Talpacotia, 472. 
talpicoti (Chaemepelia), 
485. ^ 
tannensis (Columba), 
127. 
tannensis (Osmotreron), 
127. 
tannensis (Ptilonopus), 
128. 
tannensis (Ptilopus), 127. 
tannensis (Treron), 127. 
tarrali (Oarpophaga), 

174. 
tarrali (Globicera), 174. 
temmincki (Oarpophaga), 
178, 200. 
temmincki (Lamprotreron), 
116. 
temmincki (Ptilopus), 

114. 
temminckii (Oolumba), 
646. 
temminckii (Kurukuru), 
115. 
tenera (Peristera), 397. 
tenera (Turtur), 398. 
tenuirostre (Treron), 
53. 
tenuirostris (Macropygia). 
346, 348. 
Terenotreron, 83. 
terrestre (Trugou) 609. 
terrestris (Oolumba), 

435. 
terrestris (Eutrygon), 
609,610. 
terrestris (Phaps), 609. 
terrestris (Starnsenas), 

609. 
terrestris (Starnoenas), 
609. 
terrestris (Trugon), 609. 
terrestris (Trygon), 609. 
terrestris (Turtur), 435. 
testaceo-incarnata (Columba), 
448. 
Tetraoid Pigeon, 613. 
tetraoides (Oolumba), 

613. 
teysmani (Osmotreron), 
55. 
teysmani (Treron), 55. 
Thoracotreron, 134. 
Thoria, 33. 
Thouarsitreron, 83. 
tigrina (Columba), 439, 

440,444. 
tigrina (Spilopelia), 442. 
tigrina (Turtur), 441. 
tigrinus (Turtur), 440, 

441. 
timorensis (Chalcophaps), 
512. 
timoriensis (Phaps), 512. 
timorlaoensis (Macropygia), 
342, 343. 
Tlacahoilotl, 638. 
Tomopeleia, 454. 
Tomopelia, 454. 
torquata (Columba), 300. 
torquata (Strepfcopelia), 

432. 
2x 

torquatus (Palumbus), 
290, 300, 302. 
torquatus (Turtur), 414, 

432. 
torquatus excolsus (Palumbus), 
300. 
torquatus eenegalensis 
(Turtur), 428. 
torquatus, var. algira 
(Palumbus), 300. 
torringtonias (Columba), 

303. 
torringtoniaj (Palumbus), 
303. 
torringtonii (Carpophaga), 
303. 
torringtonii (Columba), 

303. 
torringtonii (Lepicloenas), 
303. 
torringtonii (Palumbus). 
303. 
Tourocco, 335. 
Tourte, 374. 
Tourtelette, 501. 
Tourterelle, 397. 
Tourterelle a ailes 
rousses, 643. 
Tourterelle a collier, 414. 
Tourterelle a collier du 

Senegal, 428. 
Tourterelle a collier du 
Cap. 424. 

Tourterelle a cravate noir 
du Cap de Bonne 
Espe>ance, 501. 

Tourterelle 
a gorge 
pourpr£e d'Amboine, 

151. 
Tourterelle 
a gorge 
tachet<§e du Senegal, 

448. 
Tourterelle a large queue 
du Senegal, 335. 
Tourterelle a masque 
Wane, 538. 
Tourterelle a ventre 
blano, 504. 
Tourterelle blanche ensanglente*
e de l'lsle de 
L119011, 586. 

Tourterolle blonde a 
collier, 426. 
Tourterelle brune de la 
Chine, 403. 

Tourterelle cendr<§e de 
PMo de Lucon, 638. 
Tourterelle d'Amboine, 


351. 
Tourterelle d' Am clique, 
374. H 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

Tourterelle de Batavia, 

142. 
Tourterelle de Java, 
514. 
Tourterelle da la Caroline, 
374. 
Tourterelle de la Cote de 
Malabar, 641. 
Tourterelle de la Jamaique, 
613. 
Tourterelle de l'lsle cle 
Lugon, 638. 
Tourterelle de Portugal, 

646. 
Tourterelle de St. Domingue, 
639. 
Tourterelle de Surate, 

444. 
Tourterelle de Surinam, 
644. 
Tourterelle du Canada, 
370. 
Tourterelle 
du Cap de 
Bonne EspeVance, 268, 

501. 
Tourterelle du Senegal, 
507. 
Tourterelle emeraudine, 
507. 
Tourterelle grise de la 
Chine, 439. 
Tourterelle grise de l'lsle 
de Lugon, 639. 
Tourterelle grise de 
Surate, 451. 
Tourterelle grise ensanglent^
e de l'lsle de 
Lugon, 585. 

Tourterelle maillee, 

449. 
Tourterelle ray<§e de la 
Chine, 458. 
Tourterelle ray£e des 
Indes, 458. 
Tourterelle tamburette, 

504. 
tranquebarica (Columba), 
437. 
tranquebarica (Turtur), 
437. 
tranquebarieus (Turtur), 
435, 437. 
tranquilla (Geopelia), 
456, 457. 
Transverse striped or 
Barred Dove, 458. 
Trerolsema, 71. 
Treron calva, varied 

d'Angola, 21. 
Triangular-spotted Pigeon, 
266. 

trifasciita (Perlstera), 

494. 
trigeminus (Ptilouopus), 
120. 
trigeminus (Ptilopus), 
120. 
trigonigera (Columba), 
267,2L>8. 
trigonigera (Stictcenas), 

268. 
tristigma (Oarpopliaga), 
590. 
tristigma (Phlogcenas), 
590. 
tristigmata (Columba), 
590. 
tristigmata (G-oura), 590. 
tristigmata (Phaps), 590. 
trisuigmata (Phlegcenas), 
590,591. 
tristigmatica (Pblegoenas), 
590 
tristrami (Ptilopus), 

110. 
Trizusa, 328. 
trocaz (Columba), 297, 
298, 300. 
trocaz (Palumbus), 298. 
trocaz (Trocaza), 297, 

298. 
Trocaza, 242, 327. 
trocaza (Palumbus), 298. 
trochila (Chamaspelia), 
475. 
trochila (Pyrgitcenas), 
475. 
trudeaui (Columba), 
392. 
trudeaui (Zenaida), 392. 
Trugon, 609. 
Trygon, 369, 609. 
tumida (Carpophaga), 
178. 
tumicla (Globicera), 175, 
178, 187. 
Turaccena, 333. 
turricola (Columba), 296, 

298. 
Turtur, 396. 
Turtur Capitis bom« 
Spei, 501. 
Turtur gutture maculato 
senegalensis, 448. 
Turtur fuscus indieus, 

392. 
Turtur minimus guttatus, 
473. 
Turtur parvus americanus, 
473. 
Turtur 
parvus fuscus 
americanus, 481. 

Turfcur viridis amboinensis, 
151. 

turtur (Columba), 397, 
398, 403, 404, 441, 

448. 
turtur (Macropvgia). 
351, 352, 353, 354, 
355, 356, 358, 359. 

turtur (Peristera), 397. 
turtur (Turtur), 396, 

398. 
turtur, var. gelastes (Columba), 
405. 
turtur, var. gelastis (Peristera), 
405. 
turtur viridis (Columba), 

514. 
turturina (Columba), 
489. 
Turturoena, 328. 
turturoicles (Ptilonopus), 
8. 
turturoides (Turtur), 
400. 
Turvert, 142, 151. 
Turrert no. 3, 514. 
tusalia (Coceyzura), 338, 
340. 
tusalia (Columba), 338. 
tusalia (Macropygia), 
338, 340, 341: 
tusalia, var. minor (Macro 
pygia), 340. 
tympanistera (Peristera), 

504. 
Tympanistria, 504. 
tympanistria (Chaleopelia, 
505. 
tympanistria (Chalcoptera), 
505. 
tympanistria (Columba), 

504. 
tympanistria (Haplopelia), 
505. 
tympanistria (Peristera), 

504. 
tympanistria (Tympanistria), 
504, 505. 
typica (Reinwardtoena), 

366. 
uapensis (Pblegoenas), 

593. 
imcball (Columba), 340. 
uncball (Macropygia), 
347. 
unicincta (Columba), 
242. 
unicincta (Leucolssnia), 
243. 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

imieolor (Columba), 255. 
tmicolor (Vinago), 57. 
TJropeleia, 489. 
"Uropelia, 489. 
Uhtulata (Peristera), 492. 


van-wyckii (Carpopbaga), 
196, 197. 
van-wyckii (Globicera), 

196. 
venezuelensis (Geotrygon), 
581. 
ventralis (Columba), 370. 
venusta (Chamgepelia), 

489. 
venusta (Columba), 489. 
venusta (Oolumbina), 
489. 
veraguensis (Geotrygon), 
575, 576. 
verualis (Treron), 61. 
vernans (Columba), 57, 

60,127. 
vernans (Osmotreron), 
60, 61. 
vernans (Treron), 57, 60, 

127. 
vernans (Vinago), 57, 60. 
verreauxi (Engyptila), 
546, 549. 
verreauxi (Leptoptila), 


543, 560. 
Verrulia, 647. 
versicolor (Carpophaga), 

309. 
versicolor (Columba), 
309/ 
versicolor (Columbigallina), 
573. 
versicolor (Geopbaps), 


573. 
versicolor (Janfchcenas), 
309. 
versicolor (Peristera), 
573. 
versicolor (Turtur), 410. 
Very large Pigeon from 
JLord Howe's Island, 

647. 
victor (Obrysoenas), 157. 
victor (Ptilopus), 157. 
victoria (Goura), 624. 
victoria (Lophyrus), 624. 
victoria, var. com at a 
(Goura), 625. 
victorias (Goura), 624. 
vinacea (Chlorcenas), 323, 

324,326. 
vinacea (Columba), 322, 
323, 425, 428. 

vinacea (Peristera), 324, 

429. 
vinacea (iitreptopelia), 
428. 
vinacea (Tympanistria), 
vinacea, var. capicola 
(Columba), 425. 
vinaceifulva (Engyptila), 

546. 
vinaceiventris (Engyptila), 
561. 
vinaceiventris (Leptoptila), 
561. 
vinaceo-rufa (Zenaida), 

389. 
vinaceus (Turtur), 416, 
420, 424, 426, 428. 
Vinago, 15, 261. 
violacea (Columba), 565. 
violacea (Geotrygon), 

565. 
violacea (Leptoptila),565. 
violacea (Oreopeleia), 
566. 
violacea (Oropelia), 566. 
violacea (Peristera), 565. 
violacea (Sfcarnoenas),566. 
violacea martinicana 
(Columba), 570. 
vioscse (Columba), 293. 
virens (Columba), 149. 
virens (Omeotreron), 


149. 
virens (Ptilonopus), 149. 
virgo (Pblegoenas), 604. 
virgo (Phlogoenas), 604. 
virgo (Tympanistria), 
506. 
viridifrons (Crocopus), 
28. 
viridifrons (Treron), 28. 
viridis (Chryscenas), 158. 
viridis (Columba), 60, 
149,151. 
viridis (Ionotreron), 149, 
151,154. 
viridis (Jotreron), 149, 

1 151. 
viridis (Osmotreron), 61. 
viridis (Ptilonopus), 149, 

151. 
viridis (Ptilopus), 150, 
151, 152, 153. 
viridis (Treron), 60. 
viridis geelvinkianus 


(Ptilopus), 152. 
viridis rnadagascariensis 
(Palumbus), 18. 
viridis,stirps geelvinkiana 
(Ptilopus), 152. 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX. 

676 

viridissima (Oolumba), wallacei (Ptilopus), xanthorrhoa iJotreron\ 

100. 129. 
145. 
viridissimus (Ptilono-wallacei (Sylphidcena), xantliorrhous (Ptilopus \ 
pus), 100, 101. 130. 145. 

Tiridissimus (Ptilopus), wellsi (Engyptila), 3S9. xanthura 'Caloenas), 603. 

101. 559. xanthura (Columba*, 127, 
vitiensis (Carpophaga), wellsi (Leptoptila\ 602. 
316. 559 xaiithura (Pampusana), 
vitiensis (Columba), 315, westermam (Oarpo-602.603. 
316,318. pbaga), 224. xant Intra (Phap«s\ (503. 
vitiensis (Janthajnas), westermanni astrolabi-xanthura (Ptilonopus), 
316, 318. ensis (Carpopliaga), 127. 
vitiensis (Phlegoenas), 225. Xenotreron, 71. 

595. wbartoni (Carpophaga), 
vitiensis (Yantboenas), 184. yapenais (Pbapiu, 503. 
315,316. White-bellied Pigeon, yapensis (PhlugumaB*, 
vitticollis (Turtur), 402, 557. 5113. 
431,444. White-crowned Pigeon, Yellow-faced Pigeon), .11, 
vitticollis maior (Tnr-278. yucataitensm (Chanmtur), 
405. White-faced Pigeon, 607. pelia),373. 
vitticollis minor (TurWhite 
Xutnieg Pigeon, jucatanensia (Zenaida), 
tur), 405. 227. 364. 
vulgaris (Turtur), 397. White-rum ped Pigeon, yiteataaensls (Zenaiduraj, 

252. 
Waalia, 15. wfaitmeei (Ptilonopu*), 
waalia (Columba), 15,10. 101. zealandica (Columba), 
waalia (Phal&crotreron), wiekeij; Carpophaga), 196. 
16. wiikesii (Carpophaga 1, m 
Waalia Pigeon, 15. 1KL Zen&*dura, 37*1. 
waalia (Treron), 16. wilkeJsii (GloMcera), 181. Zenaida, 3711 
waalia (Vinago), 15. WomHuest, 23*. zenaida (Coluiuba), H8& 
wa&efieldi (Treron), 21, zmmi& f Periatera), 382. 
23,24, xanthogaster (Oolumba), zenaida (Zenaida), JJ8&, 
wakefieldi (Vinago), 23. 91. Zanaidtura, 373, 
Walchvogel, 632. xanthogaster (Kura-zm (Columba), SS>4. 
Walghvogel, 632. kuru), 91. zoea (Garpophaga}, 2§4, 
walictehra (Macro-xanthogaster (Ptilono-zoea (Zunamaa), 304. 

pygia), 341. pus), 91. zoeae (Carpophaga), 904. 
wank-mehra P (Macro-xanthogaster (Ptilopus), imm (Columba), iSM. 
pygia), 341. 91. zowe (Hemtpliaga), 304. 
wallacei (Ohalcophaps), xanthogaster (Tereno-zoeae (Zononaaft), 204. 

521. treron)t91. zom orientalis (Carpowallacei 
(Osmotreron), xanthogaster I Thouarsi-phaga), 205. 
42. treron), 91. zoloso C0arj»pttag&), 304. 
/ / wallacei (Pceeilotreron), xanthonura (Columba), ZOHJOIIW, 2M* 
b 
130. $0± Zononaaa, 2*J). * 
wallacei (Ptilonopus), xanthorrhoa(Ionotreron)y Zonopfa&ps, 3(17. 


129. 
145. zonurus (Ptilopus), 13$. 
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